La Novación
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Transcript of La Novación
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NOVACIN 661
TTULO III
NOVACIN
1. CONSIDERACIONES GENERALES
/DQRYDFLyQHVXQDGHODVLQVWLWXFLRQHVGHO'HUHFKRGH2EOLJDFLR-QHVTXHQRREVWDQWHVXDQWLJHGDGD~QSUHVHQWDSRVLFLRQHVGRFWULQD-ULDVHQFRQWUDGDVDODSDUTXHGLYHUVDUHJXODFLyQHQODVOHJLVODFLRQHVGHQXHVWUDWUDGLFLyQMXUtGLFD$HOORREHGHFHVLQGXGDHOTXHVXHVWXGLRFRQWLQ~HVLHQGRGHJUDQLQWHUpV
/DQRYDFLyQHVXQPHGLRH[WLQWLYRGHREOLJDFLRQHVHOPLVPRTXHSXHGHWHQHUVXRULJHQWDQWRHQODYROXQWDGFRPRHQODOH\\FX\RREMHWRHVH[WLQJXLUXQDREOLJDFLyQSHURDODYH]FUHDURWUD
(QHVWHVHQWLGRODQRYDFLyQVHGLVWLQJXHGHRWURVPHGLRVH[WLQWLYRVGHREOLJDFLRQHVORVTXH~QLFDPHQWHWLHQHQSRUQDOLGDGH[WLQJXLU\DTXHDWUDYpVGHODQRYDFLyQVLHPSUHVHGDUiRULJHQDXQDREOLJDFLyQQXHYD\GLIHUHQWH
'HQWURGHWDORUGHQGHLGHDVODQRYDFLyQQRWLHQHSRUREMHWRQLVLTXLHUDFWLFLDPHQWHGDUSRUH[WLQJXLGDXQDREOLJDFLyQFRQVLGHUiQGRODFXPSOLGD-XVWDPHQWHSURFHGHFXDQGRODREOLJDFLyQTXHVHGHVHDH[WLQJXLUHVXQDVREUHODFXDOODVSDUWHVQRWLHQHQXQYHUGDGHURanimus solvendi,SRUORPHQRVHQORVWpUPLQRVREMHWRRVXMHWRVHQTXHKDVLGRFRQWUDtGD
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FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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/DQRYDFLyQHQWUDxDXQFRQWUDWRH[WLQWLYRGHREOLJDFLRQHVVDOYRORVFDVRVGHODQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQODPRGDOL-GDGGHH[SURPLVLyQ\GHODQRYDFLyQOHJDOFDVRHVWH~OWLPRHQTXHODQRYDFLyQQDFHSRUPDQGDWROHJDO
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-
NOVACIN 663
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6HJ~QODLQWHUYHQFLyQGHODYROXQWDGKXPDQDODQRYDFLyQHVXQPHGLRYROXQWDULRGHH[WLQFLyQGHREOLJDFLRQHV\DTXHOHMRVGHRSHUDUSRUPDQGDWRGHODOH\ORKDFHHQYLUWXGGHODYROXQWDGGHODFUHHGRURGHPXWXRDFXHUGRHQWUHDFUHHGRU\GHXGRUFRQODVDOYHGDGGHORVFDVRVGHQRYDFLyQOHJDO
(QFXDQWRDODIRUPDOLGDGGHODHVWLSXODFLyQQRYDWRULDGHEHPRVDGYHUWLUTXHHQHO'HUHFKRPRGHUQR\ VLQJXODUPHQWHHQHO&yGLJR3HUXDQRGHVHUtDGLVFXWLEOHTXHODQRYDFLyQHQQXPHURVRVFDVRVH[LJLHUDSDUDVXYDOLGH]GHOUHTXLVLWRGHIRUPDSRUTXHWDOVROHPQLGDGQRHVWiLPSXHVWDSRUODOH\FRPRVtRFXUUHFRQRWURVPRGRVGHH[WLQFLyQGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVWDOHVFRPRODWUDQVDFFLyQ
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(QWDOVHQWLGRSRGUtDLQWHUSUHWDUVHTXHODUHJXODFLyQGHOFRQWUDWRRULJLQDOQRUHTXHULUtDGHIRUPDOLGDGDOJXQDHQODPHGLGDHQTXHODVSDUWHVQRHVWDUtDQYDULDQGRVXVWpUPLQRVVLQRVRODPHQWHHIHFWXDQGRSUHFLVLRQHVHQUHODFLyQFRQGLFKRDFWRMXUtGLFR
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE664
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-
NOVACIN 665
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(QHVWHSXQWRHVWLPDPRVSHUWLQHQWHUHIHULUQRVDODSRVLELOLGDGGHTXHHVWHWHPDVHDVXVFHSWLEOHGHYLQFXODUVHFRQORGLVSXHVWRSRUODOH\UHVSHFWRDOPXWXRGLVHQVR
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)LQDOPHQWHGHEHPRVPHQFLRQDUORVSULQFLSLRVGHODIRUPDHQORVVXSXHVWRVGHQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYD
(QWDOHVVXSXHVWRV\DVHDSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRURSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQFXDOTXLHUDGHVXVPRGDOLGDGHVSRUGHOHJDFLyQRSRUH[SURPLVLyQODUHODFLyQFRQWUDFWXDOQRVHPRGLFDSXHVHOFRQWHQLGRGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVQDFLGDVGHOFRQWUDWRRULJLQDULRVHPDQWLHQHLQDOWH-UDEOH(QHVWHVHQWLGRQRSRGUtDVRVWHQHUVHTXHXQDQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDLPSOLFDODPRGLFDFLyQGHODVSUHVWDFLRQHVREMHWLYDPHQWHFRQVLGHUDGDVGHOFRQWUDWRRULJLQDOUD]yQSRUODFXDOGHVFDUWDUtDPRVODDSOLFDFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRHVWDEOHFLGRSRUHODUWtFXORQRUPDTXHORUHLWHUDPRVGLV-SRQHTXHODVPRGLFDFLRQHVDOFRQWUDWRGHEHQHIHFWXDUVHHQODPLVPDIRUPDSUHVFULWDSDUDpO
&ODUDPHQWHXQVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDVLJQLFDODVXV-WLWXFLyQGHXQDGHODVSDUWHVHQDOJXQDRDOJXQDVGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVQDFLGDVGHOFRQWUDWRRULJLQDULRRHQVXFDVRGHXQDGHODVSDUWHVHQWRGDVODVREOLJDFLRQHVQDFLGDVGHGLFKRFRQWUDWR
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE666
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1RREVWDQWHORVHxDODGRGHEHPRVSUHFLVDUTXHFXDQGRXQDGHODVSDUWHVVHVXVWLWX\HHQWRGDVODVREOLJDFLRQHVQDFLGDVGHOFRQWUDWRRULJLQDULRVHSURGXFHQRVyORODH[WLQFLyQGHGLFKDVREOLJDFLRQHVVLQRWDPELpQ OD H[WLQFLyQ GHO FRQWUDWR RULJLQDULR \ HO QDFLPLHQWR GH XQRQXHYR$KRUDELHQHVWH~OWLPRHOQXHYRFRQWUDWRGHEHUiREVHUYDUODIRUPDOLGDGSUHVFULWDSRUODOH\RODDXWRLPSXHVWDSRUODVSDUWHVSDUDVXYDOLGH]GHVHUHOFDVR
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-
NOVACIN
Artculo 1277.- Por la novacin se sustituye una obligacin por otra.
Para que exista novacin es preciso que la voluntad de novar se PDQLHVWHLQGXELWDEOHPHQWHHQODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQRTXHODH[LV-tencia de la anterior sea incompatible con la nueva.
3DUDTXHSXHGDFRQJXUDUVHODQRYDFLyQHVQHFHVDULDODSUHVHQFLDGHORVVLJXLHQWHVUHTXLVLWRV2.1. Preexistencia de una obligacin vlida
/DQRYDFLyQH[LJHSDUDVXYDOLGH]GHODH[LVWHQFLDSUHYLDGHXQDREOLJDFLyQFX\RFXPSOLPLHQWRVHKDOOHD~QSHQGLHQWH
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/DLPSRVLELOLGDGGHHMHFXFLyQGHOREMHWRGHODUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDGHWHUPLQDVXH[WLQFLyQ(Q WDO VHQWLGRQRSRGUtDSDFWDUVHQRYDFLyQDOJXQD\DTXHQRKDEUtDREOLJDFLyQSUHH[LVWHQWHTXHVXVWLWXLUDTXpOODHVWDUtDH[WLQJXLGDDQWHODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHVXFXPSOLPLHQWR2.2. Creacin de una nueva obligacin
(OVHJXQGRUHTXLVLWRHVHQFLDOGHODQRYDFLyQHVHOQDFLPLHQWRGHXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQTXHUHHPSOD]DDODDQWHULRUTXHVHH[WLQJXH
6LQGXGDODQRYDFLyQSUHFLVDGHXQDGLIHUHQFLDVXVWDQFLDOHQWUHODREOLJDFLyQTXHVHH[WLQJXH\ODTXHVHFUHD6yORXQFDPELRVXVWDQFLDOHQODSULPHUDREOLJDFLyQSURGXFHQRYDFLyQ7RGRFDPELRTXHJHQHUHXQDPRGLFDFLyQHQODHVHQFLDGHXQDUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDVXSRQHVLHPSUHVXH[WLQFLyQ\ODFRQVHFXHQWHFUHDFLyQGHXQDQXHYD
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FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
2.3. Animus novandi o voluntad de novar
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/DLQWHQFLyQGHQRYDUGHEHHVWDEOHFHUVHFODUDPHQWHSXHVGHORFRQWUDULRVHHQWHQGHUiTXHQRKD\QRYDFLyQ\SRUWDQWRFRH[LVWLUiQGRVREOLJDFLRQHVODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLD\ODQXHYDHVWDQGRHOGHXGRUREOLJDGRDHIHFWXDUHOSDJRGHDPEDVeVWHHVHOULHVJRTXHDVXPHHOGHX-GRUTXHQRH[SUHVHFRQFODULGDGODLQWHQFLyQGHQRYDUXQDREOLJDFLyQ
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$VtORSUHYpODOH\FLYLOSHUXDQDHQHOVHJXQGRSDUiJUDIRGHODUWt-FXORDOVHxDODUTXHSDUDTXHH[LVWDQRYDFLyQHVSUHFLVRTXHODYR-OXQWDGGHQRYDUVHPDQLHVWHLQGXELWDEOHPHQWHHQODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQRTXHODH[LVWHQFLDGHODDQWHULRUVHDLQFRPSDWLEOHFRQODQXHYD
(QQXHVWUDRSLQLyQXQFDVRGHLQFRPSDWLELOLGDGGHREOLJDFLRQHVTXHSHUPLWDVXSRQHUODLQWHQFLyQGHQRYDUSRGUtDVHUHOTXHVHJXLGD-PHQWHPHQFLRQDPRV
8QLQJHQLHURFRQVWUXFWRUVHREOLJDFRQHOSURSLHWDULRGHXQHGLFLRDOHYDQWDUXQGHSDUWDPHQWRGHXQSLVRHQORVDLUHVGHO~OWLPRSLVRGHGLFKRLQPXHEOH/DPXQLFLSDOLGDGVyORSHUPLWHHGLFDUXQSLVRDGLFLR-QDOVREUHORVDLUHVGHO~OWLPRSLVRUD]yQSRUODFXDOVyORVHUiSRVLEOHFRQVWUXLUXQGHSDUWDPHQWRPiV$QWHVGHLQLFLDUVHODFRQVWUXFFLyQGHOSUHGLR\DSURSXHVWDGHOGXHxRGHOHGLFLRDPEDVSDUWHVFRQYLHQHQTXH
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NOVACIN
HQGLFKRVDLUHVVHFRQVWUXLUiXQDXGLWRULR6LODVSDUWHVQRKDQH[SUHVDGRTXHKDQTXHULGRQRYDUVXREOLJDFLyQHVWRQRVHUiREVWiFXORSDUDTXHVHHQWLHQGDTXHKDKDELGRQRYDFLyQ\DTXHODH[LVWHQFLDGHODREOLJDFLyQRULJLQDO OD GH FRQVWUXLU HO GHSDUWDPHQWR HV LQFRPSDWLEOH FRQ ODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQODGHFRQVWUXLUHODXGLWRULRSXHVVREUHHO~OWLPRSLVRGHOHGLFLRVRODPHQWHVHSRGUiOHYDQWDUXQRPiVHOPLVPRTXHSRGUtDVHUHOGHSDUWDPHQWRRHODXGLWRULR3RUWDOUD]yQUHVXOWDHYLGHQWHTXHODREOLJDFLyQGHHGLFDUXQGHSDUWDPHQWRKDVLGRQRYDGD 129$&,12%-(7,9$
/D QRYDFLyQ SXHGH RSHUDU EDMR GRV IRUPDV D VDEHU PHGLDQWHXQ FDPELR HQ ORV VXMHWRV GH OD UHODFLyQ REOLJDWRULD HQ FX\R FDVR VHGHQRPLQDVXEMHWLYDRD WUDYpVGHXQFDPELRHQHOREMHWRR ODFDXVDGHODREOLJDFLyQ(VWD~OWLPDIRUPDUHJXODGDSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOHVODOODPDGDQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDODPLVPDTXHVHJHQHUDFXDQGRODSUHVWDFLyQGHELGDRHOWtWXORTXHGDRULJHQDODREOLJDFLyQVHVXVWLWX\HQSRURWURV
(OWH[WRGHOUHIHULGRDUWtFXORHVHOVLJXLHQWHArtculo 1278.- Hay novacin objetiva cuando el acreedor y el deudor sustituyen la obligacin primitiva por otra, con prestacin distinta o a ttulo diferente.
/DQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDDTXHVHUHHUHHOSUHFHSWRVHFRQJXUDFXDQGRDFUHHGRU\GHXGRUVXVWLWX\HQODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDSRUXQDQXHYDUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDHQODTXHDSDUHFHQODVPLVPDVSDUWHVREOL-JDGDVDOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHXQDSUHVWDFLyQGLVWLQWDRHQYLUWXGGHXQWtWXORGLIHUHQWH
([LVWHQGLYHUVDVFODVHVGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYD3.1. Novacin objetiva por cambio de prestacin
/DQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHSUHVWDFLyQVXUJHFXDQGRODVSDUWHVFRQYLHQHQHQPRGLFDUVXVWDQFLDOPHQWHHOREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDRVXVWLWXLUORSRURWUR
3DUDTXHODQRYDFLyQVHSURGX]FDHVQHFHVDULRXQFDPELRHVHQFLDOHQODUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULD3RUHOORVyORODVPRGLFDFLRQHVVXVWDQFLDOHVHQODSUHVWDFLyQGHELGDSURGXFLUiQQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHREMHWR
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FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
$GYLpUWDVHTXHODVYDULDFLRQHVDFFLGHQWDOHVHQODREOLJDFLyQQRSURGXFHQQRYDFLyQVLQRVRODPHQWHXQFDPELRDFFHVRULRHQODUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDDUJXPHQWRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOQRUPDTXHDQDOL]DUHPRVPiVDGHODQWH
8QHMHPSORGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHSUHVWDFLyQVHUtDHOVLJXLHQWH6LGRVSDUWHVFHOHEUDQXQFRQWUDWRGHFRPSUDYHQWDGHXQDFDVDSRUXQSUHFLRGHQXHYRVVROHV\OXHJRGHPXWXRDFXHUGRGHFLGHQTXH\DQRVHFXPSOLUiFRQHVWDSUHVWDFLyQ\ODVXVWLWX\HQSRUODREOLJDFLyQGHGDUXQGHSDUWDPHQWR$TXtVLQGXGDVHKDEUtDSURGXFLGRQRYDFLyQHQYLUWXGGHXQFDPELRHQHOREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQ
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&XDQGRVHVXVWLWX\HHOREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQSRURWUR&XDQGRVHDJUHJDRVXSULPHXQDFRQGLFLyQDODREOLJDFLyQSUL-
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ULDTXHHQQXHVWUDRSLQLyQLPSRUWDQQRYDFLyQUHPLWLPRVDOOHFWRUDORVFRPHQWDULRVTXHDQRWDPRVDODQDOL]DUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3.2. Novacin objetiva por cambio de ttulo o causa fuente
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-
NOVACIN
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WDPR&XDQGRXQDSHUPXWDVHWUDQVIRUPDHQXQDFRPSUDYHQWDVX-
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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-
NOVACIN
4.2. La renovacin de ttulos valores
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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-
NOVACIN
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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&UHHPRVTXHQRSXHGHHVWDEOHFHUVHXQSULQFLSLRRUHJODJHQHUDOTXHRWRUJXHXQDVROXFLyQGHQLWLYD\DEVROXWDDODFRQWURYHUVLDHQWDOVHQWLGRWHQGUiTXHDSUHFLDUVHQHFHVDULDPHQWHODPDQHUDFyPRVHKDFRQWUDtGRODREOLJDFLyQDVtFRPRORVWpUPLQRVHPSOHDGRVHQHOODSDUDGHWHUPLQDUVLVHWUDWDGHXQDXRWUDJXUDMXUtGLFD
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-
NOVACIN
4.5.3. Variacin de la moneda en que se pact originalmente la deuda
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
SUHFHSWRHOSDJRGHXQDGHXGDHQPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDVDOYRSDFWRHQFRQWUDULRSXHGHKDFHUVHHQPRQHGDQDFLRQDODOWLSRGHFDPELRGHYHQWDGHOGtD\OXJDUGHOYHQFLPLHQWRGHODREOLJDFLyQ
/DPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDHQHOVXSXHVWRSODQWHDGRSRUGLFKRDUWtFXORVHHQFXHQWUDin obligationeVLHQGRODPRQHGDGHOFRQWUDWR(QFDPELRODPRQHGDQDFLRQDOVHHQFXHQWUDin facultate solutionisVLHQGRODPRQHGDde pago.
(O&yGLJR&LYLOHQ ODQRUPDTXHFRQVLJQDHODUWtFXORKDFRQVDJUDGRXQDREOLJDFLyQIDFXOWDWLYDOHJDO(VGHFLUHOGHXGRUSXHGHHVFRJHUHQWUHSDJDUHQ ODPLVPDPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDHVWLSXODGDRHQPRQHGD QDFLRQDO HQ VXVWLWXFLyQ GH OD H[WUDQMHUD DO WLSR GH FDPELRLQGLFDGRSRUHOPLVPRSUHFHSWR
(OFDVRTXHDQDOL]DPRVHVHOTXHVHSUHVHQWDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVGHFLGHQWUDQVIRUPDUHVDREOLJDFLyQFRQWUDtGDHQPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDVLQTXHWRGDYtDVHHIHFW~HHOSDJRHQPRQHGDQDFLRQDO(QHVWHVXSXHVWRVHSURGXFHXQFDPELRVXVWDQFLDOHQHOREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQ
(QHIHFWRPLHQWUDVTXHHQ ODREOLJDFLyQHVWLSXODGDHQPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDpVWDHVODSUHVWDFLyQSULQFLSDOHVGHFLUODTXHVHKDOODin obliga-tioneDOSURGXFLUVHVXFDPELRFRQYLUWLpQGRVHHQXQDREOLJDFLyQGHSDJDUPRQHGDQDFLRQDOpVWDVHWUDQVIRUPDUtDHQODPRQHGDin obligatione. No KDEUtDDTXtVLQRXQDREOLJDFLyQGHGDUPRQHGDQDFLRQDO/DREOLJDFLyQ\DQRVHUtDIDFXOWDWLYDVLQRSRUHOFRQWUDULRXQDREOLJDFLyQVLPSOHGHGDUXQDVXPDGHGLQHURH[SUHVDGDHQHVDPRQHGD(OSDJRHQHVWDVLWXDFLyQWHQGUtDQHFHVDULDPHQWHTXHYHULFDUVHHQPRQHGDQDFLRQDO/DGHXGDRULJLQDULDFRQVLVWLUtDHQHVDPRQHGD1RVyORFRQVWLWXLUtDSRUWDQWRODPRQHGDGHOFRQWUDWRVLQRTXHLJXDOPHQWHVHUtDODPRQHGDGHSDJR
(VWHVXSXHVWRHVWRWDOPHQWHGLYHUVRDDTXpOSODQWHDGRLQLFLDOPHQ-WHSXHVHQpVHODPRQHGDQDFLRQDOFRQVWLWX\HWDQVyORHOPHGLROLEHUD-WRULRGHOTXHSXHGHYDOHUVHHOGHXGRUSDUDFXPSOLUFRQODREOLJDFLyQFRQWUDtGDHQPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUD
(QHO VHJXQGRVXSXHVWR WHQLHQGRHQFXHQWD ORVDOFDQFHVGH ODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQGHODGHXGDFRQWUDtGDRULJLQDOPHQWHHQPRQHGDH[WUDQ-MHUDDQGHTXHFRQVWLWX\DXQDREOLJDFLyQGHGDUPRQHGDQDFLRQDOHVWLPDPRVTXHH[LVWHQRYDFLyQ
(QHOFDVRSURSXHVWRHOFDPELRGHSUHVWDFLyQUHFDHVREUHORTXHFRQVWLWX\HHOREMHWRSULQFLSDOGHODREOLJDFLyQODPRQHGDGHOFRQWUDWR
-
NOVACIN
/DSUHVWDFLyQSULQFLSDO\DQRFRQVLVWLUtDHQGDUPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDVLQRSRUHOFRQWUDULRPRQHGDQDFLRQDO
(QRSLQLyQQXHVWUDKD\HQHVWDKLSyWHVLVXQDHIHFWLYDVXVWLWXFLyQGHODSULPLWLYDREOLJDFLyQSRURWUDQXHYD\SRUHOORHVWLPDPRVTXHH[LVWHQRYDFLyQ
$QWHV GH FRQFOXLU TXHUHPRV KDFHU KLQFDSLp HQ TXH FRQWLQXD-UtDPRVHQSUHVHQFLDGHXQVXSXHVWRQRYDWRULRHQODHYHQWXDOLGDGGHTXHODREOLJDFLyQRULJLQDOKXELHVHVLGRSDFWDGDHQFXDOTXLHUPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDSRUHMHPSOROLEUDVHVWHUOLQDV\TXHOXHJRODVSDUWHVGHFL-GLHUDQFRQYHUWLUODHQXQDGHXGDH[SUHVDGDHQRWUDPRQHGDH[WUDQMHUDSRUHMHPSOR\HQHVMDSRQHVHVFDVRHQHOFXDOKDEUtDQRYDFLyQSRUTXHFRPRHVREYLRQRVHWUDWDUtDGHOPLVPRVLJQRPRQHWDULR4.5.4. Cambio en la formalidad del acto celebrado
8QVXSXHVWRDGLFLRQDOTXHPRWLYDHOLQWHUpVGHODGRFWULQDFRQ-VXOWDGDHVHOUHODWLYRDVLHOFDPELRHQODIRUPDOLGDGGHODFWRFHOHEUDGRFRQVWLWX\HRQRQRYDFLyQ
&RQVLGHUDPRVTXHHOFDVRPDWHULDGHDQiOLVLVVXVFLWDVHLVKLSyWHVLV/DSULPHUDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVLQLFLDOPHQWHKDQFHOHEUDGRXQDFWR
FRQVHQVXDO\OXHJRGHFLGHQWUDQVIRUPDUORHQXQDFWRad probationem./DVHJXQGDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVKXELHUDQFHOHEUDGRLQLFLDOPHQWHXQ
DFWRFRQVHQVXDOSHUROXHJRGHFLGHQFRQYHUWLUORHQXQRad solemnitatem./DWHUFHUDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVKDQFHOHEUDGRLQLFLDOPHQWHXQDFWR
ad probationem\SRVWHULRUPHQWHORWUDQVIRUPDQHQXQRFRQVHQVXDO/DFXDUWDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVKDQFHOHEUDGRLQLFLDOPHQWHXQDFWRad
probationem \PiVWDUGHGHFLGHQFRQYHUWLUORHQXQRad solemnitatem./DTXLQWDFXDQGRODVSDUWHVKDQFHOHEUDGRXQDFWRad solemnitatem
HQODPHGLGDHQTXHVHKXELHUDWUDWDGRGHXQDVROHPQLGDGDXWRLP-SXHVWDSRUODVSDUWHV\QRSRUODOH\\OXHJRDFXHUGDQWUDQVIRUPDUORHQXQRFRQVHQVXDO
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
$XPHQWRUHGXFFLyQRVXSUHVLyQGHODWDVDGHLQWHUpV(ODXPHQWRUHGXFFLyQRVXSUHVLyQGHODWDVDGHLQWHUpVSRGUtDQ
FRQVWLWXLURWURVVXSXHVWRVGLVFXWLEOHVGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHSUHVWDFLyQ
(QWHQGHPRVTXHODPRGLFDFLyQGHODWDVDGHLQWHUpVGHXQDREOL-JDFLyQQRSXHGHFRQJXUDUXQVXSXHVWRQRYDWRULR(OORHQYLUWXGGHTXHORVLQWHUHVHVVRQDFFHVRULRVGHODREOLJDFLyQSULQFLSDOHOFDSLWDO
6LQHPEDUJRKDFHPRVODVDOYHGDGGHTXHXQDGLVPLQXFLyQHQHOPRQWRGHORVLQWHUHVHVSRGUtDVHUFRQVLGHUDGDFRPRXQDFRQGRQDFLyQSDUFLDOHQWDQWRTXHHOFRQYHQLRVREUHHOLPLQDFLyQGHORVPLVPRVSRGUtDHQWHQGHUVHFRPRXQDFRQGRQDFLyQWRWDO,QFOXVLyQGHXQFDUJRDXQDREOLJDFLyQSXUD\VLPSOHRVXSUHVLyQ
del cargo originalmente estipulado en la obligacin
(VWLPDPRVTXHVHSRGUtDWUDWDUGHXQVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHSUHVWDFLyQFXDQGRXQDREOLJDFLyQSXUD\VLPSOHVHFRQ-YLHUWHSRUSDFWRRSRUPDQGDWRGHODOH\HQXQDREOLJDFLyQFRQFDUJR
'HOPLVPRPRGRFXDQGRXQDREOLJDFLyQFRQFDUJRVHFRQYLHUWHHQXQDSXUD\VLPSOHSRGUtDKDEHUQRYDFLyQ
6LQ HPEDUJR OD GRFWULQD FRQVXOWDGD QR FRPSDUWH HQ WpUPLQRVDEVROXWRVQXHVWUDDSUHFLDFLyQ
3HQVDPRVTXHKDEUtDTXHDQDOL]DU FDGD FDVR FRQFUHWR$VtQRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQHQVXSXHVWRVWDOHVFRPRODPRGLFDFLyQGHXQFDUJRHQHODFWRFHOHEUDGRVLHPSUH\FXDQGRIXHVHLQWUDVFHQGHQWHSXHVVLHOPLVPRUHYLVWLHUDLPSRUWDQFLDSDWULPRQLDOVtVHSURGXFLUtDQRYDFLyQ4.5.7. Adicin o supresin de una clusula penal
&UHHPRVTXHQRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQVLQRVHQFRQWUDPRVDQWHODDGL-FLyQGHXQDFOiXVXODSHQDOHQHVWULFWRYDOHGHFLUGHXQSDFWRDQWLFLSDGRGHLQGHPQL]DFLyQFRQYHQLGRDQWHVGHSURGXFLUVHFXDOTXLHULQFXPSOL-PLHQWRRPRUD(VWRSRUTXHODFOiXVXODSHQDOHVVXEVLGLDULD\DFFHVRULDDODREOLJDFLyQGHTXHVHWUDWHRFX\RFXPSOLPLHQWRDVHJXUH
&RQRVLQFOiXVXODSHQDOODREOLJDFLyQSULQFLSDOVHUiH[DFWDPHQWHODPLVPD3RUHVRODLQFOXVLyQRVXSUHVLyQGHXQDFOiXVXODSHQDOVyORWHQGUiHIHFWRVGHSURGXFLUVHHOKHFKRSDUDFX\DVHJXULGDGVHKDSDF-
-
NOVACIN
WDGRLQGHSHQGLHQWHPHQWHGHOFRQWHQLGRGHODREOLJDFLyQSULQFLSDOHOPLVPRTXHSHUPDQHFHLQWDFWR4.5.8. Adicin o supresin de las garantas
/DVPRGLFDFLRQHVGH ODVJDUDQWtDVHVRWURGH ORV WHPDVFRQWHP-SODGRVSRUODGRFWULQDSDUDGLOXFLGDUVLHQWDOHVHYHQWXDOLGDGHVKD\RQRQRYDFLyQ
&RPSDUWLPRVODRSLQLyQXQiQLPHGHXQDUHVSXHVWDQHJDWLYD4.5.9. La litis contestatio
7DPELpQVHKDGHEDWLGRVL OD litis contestatioSURGXFHQRYDFLyQ&UHHPRVFRQ%RI%RJJHUR\/ODPEtDVTXHQRODSURGXFH
3DUD%RI%RJJHUR156QRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQHQODPRGLFDFLyQGHOD litis contestatio(VWDPDWHULDKDVLGRREMHWRGHXQDPSOLRGHEDWHHQWUHTXLHQHVDUPDQTXHODJXUDPHQFLRQDGDSURGXFHQRYDFLyQ\TXLHQHVH[SUHVDQORFRQWUDULR
$QRWD%RI%RJJHURTXHODlitis contestatioDOPDUJHQGHFXDOTXLHUDQWHFHGHQWHURPDQRQRRSHUDQRYDFLyQ\DTXHODREOLJDFLyQGHEDWLGDTXHGDLQWDFWDGHVSXpVGHDTXHOODJXUDMXUtGLFD
/ODPEtDVDUPDTXHODlitis contestatio WDPSRFRFRQVWLWX\HXQVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQ6HxDODHOFLWDGRSURIHVRUTXHDQWLJXDPHQWHVHFRQVLGHUDEDTXHODlitis contestatio,RVHDODWUDEDGHOOLWLJLRSRUGHPDQGD\FRQWHVWDFLyQHQWUDxDEDQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHFDXVDSRUTXHODlitis OLJDEDDODVSDUWHV\OHVLPSRQtDHOGHEHUGHVHJXLUODGHPRGRTXHODFDXVDGHODVREOLJDFLRQHVH[LVWHQWHVHQWUHHOODV\DQRHUDODSULPLWLYDVLQRHOMXLFLRPLVPRHQTXHDTXpOODVHKDEtDYROFDGR
3UHFLVDHODXWRUDUJHQWLQRTXHFXDOTXLHUDTXHIXHVHODYDOLGH]GHHVDFRQFHSFLyQHQHO'HUHFKR5RPDQRQRVHGXGD\DGHTXHFDUHFHGHVXVWHQWRHQHO'HUHFKRPRGHUQRHQHOFXDOODlitis contestatioVyORDQXGDXQDUHODFLyQSURFHVDOVLQPRGLFDUODUHODFLyQMXUtGLFDVXVWDQFLDOTXHSXGLHUDYLQFXODUDODVSDUWHVGHDKtTXHVHDGDEOHFRQFOXLUHQTXHODWUDEDGHXQOLWLJLRMXGLFLDOQRFRQJXUDQRYDFLyQ
156 BOFFI BOGGERO/XLV0DUtDOp. cit., WRPR,9S LLAMBAS-RUJH-RDTXtQOp. cit., WRPR,,,S
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
4.5.10. Variaciones en la obligacin en virtud de una resolucin judicial
/DPRGLFDFLyQGHODREOLJDFLyQSRUUHVROXFLyQMXGLFLDOHVRWURGHORVVXSXHVWRVFX\DFDOLGDGGHDFWRQRYDWRULRHVGLVFXWLGDHQGRFWULQD
/DPD\RUtDGHORVDXWRUHVFRQVXOWDGRVFRQVLGHUDQTXHHVWHVX-SXHVWRQRSURGXFHQRYDFLyQ
3DUD%RI%RJJHURQRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQHQODPRGLFDFLyQSRUVHQWHQ-FLDMXGLFLDO5HFXHUGDHOFLWDGRSURIHVRUTXHVHKDVRVWHQLGRTXHODVHQWHQFLDMXGLFLDOSURGXFHQRYDFLyQVREUHODEDVHGHTXHSRUHMHPSORDJUHJDimperium QRWDGH'HUHFKR3URFHVDOHOFUpGLWRVHWRUQDOtTXLGRFLHUWRODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHKDFHUVHWUDQVIRUPDQHQREOLJDFLRQHVGHGDUVHHVWDEOHFHQLQWHUHVHVGRQGHQRVHKDEtDQFRQYHQLGRHWF%RI%RJJHURSLHQVDVLQHPEDUJRTXHQRKD\QRYDFLyQSRUTXHPHGLDLQDOWHUDELOLGDGHVHQFLDOGHODREOLJDFLyQRULJLQDULDUHFRJLGDHQODVHQWHQFLDVHDpVWDGHODVOODPDGDVGHFODUDWLYDVFRQGHQDWRULDVFRQVWLWXWLYDVRGHFXDOTXLHURWUDWHUPLQRORJtDDItQ4.5.11. Sustitucin del carcter civil de la obligacin por uno comercial
\YLFHYHUVD6REUH HVWH SDUWLFXODU SHQVDPRV TXH GDGR HO FUHFLHQWH SURFHVR
GHXQLFDFLyQDQLYHOOHJLVODWLYRGHOWUDWDPLHQWRGHODVREOLJDFLRQHV\FRQWUDWRVFLYLOHV\FRPHUFLDOHVSDXODWLQDPHQWHGHVDSDUHFHUiODLQFHU-WLGXPEUHDQRWDGD
&RPRVDEHPRVHO3HU~QRKDVLGRDMHQRDHVWHSURFHVRGHXQLFD-FLyQ\DWUDYpVGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOGHVHHVWDEOHFLyTXH/RVFRQWUDWRVGHFRPSUDYHQWDSHUPXWDPXWXRGHSyVLWR\DQ]DGHQDWXUDOH]Dmercantil, se rigen por las disposiciones del presente Cdigo. Quedan derogados los artculos 297 a 314, 320 a 341 y 430 a 433 del Cdigo de Comercio.
$KRUDELHQQRREVWDQWHHOORVtKDEUtDQRYDFLyQHQWDQWRWHyUL-FDPHQWHKDEODQGRHOQXHYRUpJLPHQOHJDODSOLFDEOHDODREOLJDFLyQGL-HUDGHOTXHOHUHVXOWDEDSHUWLQHQWHFXDQGRWHQtDQDWXUDOH]DGLVWLQWD0RGLFDFLRQHVHQHOPRGRGHHMHFXFLyQGHODSUHVWDFLyQ
(Q UHODFLyQ FRQ HYHQWXDOHV PRGLFDFLRQHV VREUH HO PRGR GHFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODREOLJDFLyQHVWLPD%RI%RJJHURTXHQRKDEUtD
BOFFI BOGGERO/XLV0DUtDOp. cit.,WRPR,9SS\ BOFFI BOGGERO/XLV0DUtDOp. citWRPR,9S
-
NOVACIN
QRYDFLyQFXDQGRVHGHQPRGLFDFLRQHVVREUHHOPRGRGHOFXPSOLPLHQ-WRSXHVODH[SUHVLyQPRGRVLJQLFDHQHVWHSXQWRDOJRVHPHMDQWHDPDQHUDRSURFHGLPLHQWRSDUDFXPSOLURSDJDU ODREOLJDFLyQHV ODPLVPD\DVHSDJXHHQODPRQHGDSDFWDGD\DHQRWUDGHFXUVROHJDOVHDJUHJXHRVHVXSULPDOD facultate solutionis.
3RUQXHVWUDSDUWHFRQVLGHUDPRVTXHODVH[SUHVLRQHVGHOFLWDGRSURIHVRUDUJHQWLQRQRGHEHQVHUWRPDGDVHQWpUPLQRVDEVROXWRV\DTXHVLELHQHVFLHUWRTXHHOODVUHVXOWDUtDQDSOLFDEOHVDODJUDQPD\RUtDGHREOLJDFLRQHVGHGDUQRGHEHROYLGDUVHTXHHOPRGRGHFXPSOLPLHQWRXVXDOPHQWHHVIXQGDPHQWDOHQODVREOLJDFLRQHVGHKDFHUWDOFRPRORH[SUHVDPRVDODQDOL]DUGLFKDFODVHGHREOLJDFLRQHV
'HHVWDIRUPDHOFDPELRHQODPDQHUDRPRGRGHHMHFXFLyQGHODSUHVWDFLyQSRGUtDWHQHUWDOUHOHYDQFLDTXHFRQVWLWX\DXQVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYD
3RUHMHPSORVLXQFDQWDQWHVHREOLJDFRQXQFDQDOGHWHOHYLVLyQDHIHFWXDUXQDSUHVHQWDFLyQXWLOL]DQGRplay back\FRQSRVWHULRULGDGDFXHUGDFRQODPLVPDHPSUHVDUHDOL]DUGLFKDSUHVHQWDFLyQHQYLYRVLQGXGDVHKDEUtDQRYDGRODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLD
$GYLpUWDVHTXHHOPRGRGHHMHFXFLyQGHODSUHVWDFLyQWLHQHHQHVWHFDVRSDUWLFXODULPSRUWDQFLD8QDSUHVHQWDFLyQHQYLYRDPHQXGRVXSRQHODSUHVHQFLDGHXQDRUTXHVWD\pVWDHYLGHQWHPHQWHKDFHPiVRQHURVDDODSUHVWDFLyQRULJLQDULD4.5.13. Inclusin de una deuda en una cuenta corriente
7DPELpQUHVXOWDFODURTXHODLQFRUSRUDFLyQGHXQDGHXGDHQXQDFXHQWDFRUULHQWHQRFRQVWLWXLUtDQRYDFLyQ
+DVWDDTXt ORVVXSXHVWRVFX\DFDOLGDGGHDFWRVQRYDWRULRVVRQQHJDGRVHQJHQHUDOSRU ODGRFWULQD\GLVFXWLGRVHQDOJXQRVFDVRVSRUQRVRWURV 129$&,168%-(7,9$325&$0%,2'($&5(('25
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+D\QRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDFXDQGRODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDVHVXVWL-WX\HSRUXQDUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDGLVWLQWDHQODTXHDSDUHFHXQQXHYR
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
DFUHHGRURXQQXHYRGHXGRURXQQXHYRDFUHHGRU\XQQXHYRGHXGRUSRUKDEHURSHUDGRXQFDPELRHQORVVXMHWRVGHODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLD/DQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDHVGHGRVFODVHVSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRURSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRU
(ODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRGHWUDWDDFHUFDGHOSULPHUVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDHVWRHVGHODQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRU
Artculo 1280.- En la novacin por cambio de acreedor se re-quiere, adems del acuerdo entre el acreedor que se sustituye y el sustituido, el asentimiento del deudor.
(VWDPRGDOLGDGQRYDWRULDVHSURGXFHPHGLDQWHODFUHDFLyQGHXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQFRQGLVWLQWRDFUHHGRUTXHH[WLQJXH\VXVWLWX\HDXQDUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDSUHH[LVWHQWH
3DUDTXHRSHUHQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRUVHUHTXLHUHHQ FRQVHFXHQFLD GHO FRQVHQWLPLHQWR GH WUHV SDUWHV GHO DFUHHGRURULJLQDULRGHOQXHYRDFUHHGRU\GHOGHXGRUTXLHQYDDVHUHOPLVPRHQODUHODFLyQMXUtGLFDDQWHV\GHVSXpVGHSURGXFLGRHOFDPELRGHODFUHHGRU
(VWDIRUPDQRYDWRULDH[LJHSRUWDQWRQRVyORHOanimus novandi GHODQWLJXR\GHOQXHYRDFUHHGRUVLQRWDPELpQODYROXQWDGGHQRYDUGHOGHXGRU
/DQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRUVXSRQHTXHHODQWLJXRDFUHH-GRUUHQXQFLDDVXFUpGLWRTXHHOGHXGRUFRQWUDHXQDQXHYDGHXGD\TXHHOQXHYRDFUHHGRUDGTXLHUHXQFUpGLWR\DTXHHVLPSRVLEOHSUHVFLQGLUGHODVHQWLPLHQWRGHDOJXQRGHHOORV
'HQWURGHWDORUGHQGHLGHDVMX]JDPRVDSURSLDGRGHVWDFDUTXHODGHFODUDFLyQGHYROXQWDGGHOGHXGRUHVXQUHTXLVLWRGHYDOLGH]GHOFRQWUDWRQRYDWRULREDMRDQiOLVLV\QRVyORXQRGHHFDFLD
(Q VXPD SDUD TXH VH H[WLQJD XQD REOLJDFLyQ \ HQ VX UHHP-SOD]RVHFUHHXQDQXHYDFRQGLVWLQWRDFUHHGRUVHUHTXLHUHQRVyORGHOFRQYHQLRHQWUHHOSULPLWLYRDFUHHGRU\HOQXHYRVLQRDGHPiVHODVHQWLPLHQWRGHOGHXGRUeVWHHVXQHOHPHQWRHVHQFLDOGHODQRYD-FLyQ6LQHODVHQWLPLHQWRGHOGHXGRUQRSRGUtDFUHDUVHXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQDVXFDUJRDXQFXDQGRODSUHVWDFLyQIXHUDODPLVPDTXHODGHODDQWLJXDREOLJDFLyQ
-
NOVACIN
'HRWURODGRODVGHFODUDFLRQHVGHYROXQWDGTXHSUHFLVDODYDOLGH]GHODQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRUSXHGHQSURGXFLUVHRQRGHPD-QHUDVLPXOWiQHD(QWDOVHQWLGRUHVXOWDLQGLIHUHQWHVLHODVHQWLPLHQWRGHOGHXGRUUHVSHFWRGHODQRYDFLyQHVDQWHULRUFRQFRPLWDQWHRSRVWHULRUDODFXHUGRQRYDWRULRTXHHODFUHHGRURULJLQDULR\HOQXHYRKXELHUHQFHOHEUDGR$VtODGHFODUDFLyQGHYROXQWDGGHOGHXGRUSRGUiSURGXFLU-VHLQFOXVRFRQSRVWHULRULGDGDGLFKRDFXHUGRSHURVyORHQWRQFHVHVWH~OWLPRWHQGUiYDOLGH]
'H OR H[SXHVWR VH GHVSUHQGH TXH OD QRYDFLyQ SRU FDPELR GHDFUHHGRUHVXQPHGLRH[WLQWLYR\FUHDGRUGHREOLJDFLRQHV\TXHHVWDGXDOLGDGHVODQRWDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDTXHSUXHEDVXYLJHQFLD 129$&,168%-(7,9$325&$0%,2'('(8'25(1/$
02'$/,'$''('(/(*$&,1/DQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUSXHGHDFRQWHFHUEDMR
GRVIRUPDVDVDEHUSRUGHOHJDFLyQ\SRUH[SURPLVLyQ6HHIHFWXDUiSRUGHOHJDFLyQFXDQGRHOFDPELRGHGHXGRUH[LMDOD
YROXQWDGGHQRYDUGHWUHVSDUWHVHVWRHVGHODFUHHGRUGHOGHXGRUSUL-PLJHQLR\GHOQXHYRGHXGRU(QWDQWRTXHVHSURGXFLUiYtDH[SURPLVLyQFXDQGRHOFRQWUDWRQRYDWRULRUHTXLHUD~QLFDPHQWHHODVHQWLPLHQWRGHODFUHHGRU\GHOQXHYRGHXGRU
(ODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRUHJXODODQRYDFLyQVXE-MHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRU\GHQWURGHODQRPHQFODWXUDSURSXHVWDFRQFUHWDPHQWHODQRYDFLyQSRUGHOHJDFLyQ
Artculo 1281.- La novacin por delegacin requiere, adems del acuerdo entre el deudor que se sustituye y el sustituido, el asentimiento del acreedor.
(OHVTXHPDGH ODQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHVVLPLODUDOGHODQRYDFLyQSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRU8QDVHJXQGDREOLJD-FLyQVXVWLWX\HDXQDSULPHUD(VWDVHJXQGDREOLJDFLyQWLHQHODPLVPDSUHVWDFLyQPDVXQWHUFHURHQWUDHQUHHPSOD]RGHXQRGHORVVXMHWRVGHODUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULDRULJLQDOHQHVWHFDVRHOWHUFHURSRUDFXHUGRFRQHOGHXGRUORVXVWLWX\H
/DJXUDVHUtDODVLJXLHQWH
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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-
NOVACIN
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-
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-
NOVACIN
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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(OWH[WRGHOFLWDGRDUWtFXORHVHOVLJXLHQWHArtculo 1283.- En la novacin no se trasmiten a la nueva obli-gacin las garantas de la obligacin extinguida, salvo pacto en contrario.
Sin embargo, en la novacin por delegacin la obligacin es exigible contra el deudor primitivo y sus garantes, en caso que la insolvencia del nuevo deudor hubiese sido anterior y pblica, o conocida del deudor al delegar su deuda.
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(QWDOVHQWLGRHOPDUFROHJDOSHUXDQRSUHYpGRFHVXSXHVWRVGLV-WLQWRVORVPLVPRVTXHSDVDPRVDH[DPLQDU9.1. Novacin objetiva con garanta real otorgada por el propio deudor
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(QHVWDKLSyWHVLVODFLUFXQVWDQFLDGHTXHODVUHIHULGDVJDUDQWtDVQRVHWUDQVHUDQDODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQWHQGUtDFRPRSULPHUIXQGDPHQWRODUHJODJHQHUDOGHOSULPHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXOR
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-
NOVACIN
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(QORUHODWLYRDODDSOLFDFLyQGHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDODHVWHVXSXHVWRQRWHQGUtDPRVREVHUYDFLyQDOJXQDTXHIRUPXODU9.3. Novacin objetiva con garanta personal otorgada por un tercero
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otorgada por el propio deudor
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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-
NOVACIN
9.7. Novacin subjetiva por cambio de deudor en la modalidad de delegacin, con garanta real otorgada por el propio deudor
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delegacin, con garanta personal otorgada por un tercero
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expromisin, con garanta real otorgada por el propio deudor
/DLQWUDVPLVLELOLGDGGHODVJDUDQWtDVDODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQWLHQHVXIXQGDPHQWRHQHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHOSULPHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO\HQHO\DFLWDGRQXPHUDOLQFLVRGHOPLV-PR&yGLJR
3RURWUDSDUWHHOSULQFLSLRres inter alios actaGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOUHVXOWDDSOLFDEOHSRUH[FHOHQFLDDOFDVRDQDOL]DGR\DTXH
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
LQFOXVRODQRYDFLyQSRGUtDKDEHURSHUDGRHQFRQWUDGHODYROXQWDGH[-SUHVDGHOGHXGRU5HFXpUGHVHTXHHQODQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQODPRGDOLGDGGHH[SURPLVLyQHODFUHHGRUSUHVFLQGHGHODYROXQWDGGHOGHXGRUEDVWDQGRSDUDTXHHOODVHSURGX]FDHODFXHUGRHQWUHHODFUHHGRU\XQWHUFHURTXHGHVHHRFXSDUHOOXJDUGHOGHXGRU9.11. Novacin subjetiva por cambio de deudor en la modalidad de
expromisin, con garanta real otorgada por un tercero
/RVDUJXPHQWRVTXHVXVWHQWDQHVWHVXSXHVWRQRYDWRULRHQUHOD-FLyQFRQODH[WLQFLyQGHODVJDUDQWtDVVRQORVPLVPRVTXHDQRWDPRVHQHODFiSLWHTXHDQWHFHGHFRQHOIXQGDPHQWRDGLFLRQDOGHTXHQRVyORVHHVWiSUHVFLQGLHQGRGH ODYROXQWDGGHOSURSLRGHXGRUVLQRGH ORVWHUFHURVTXHKDQRWRUJDGRJDUDQWtDUHDOWHVLVTXHKDFHDSOLFDEOHFRQPD\RUYLJRUHOSULQFLSLRres inter alios acta.9.12. Novacin subjetiva por cambio de deudor en la modalidad de
expromisin, con garanta personal otorgada por un tercero
(O VXVWHQWR GH OD LQWUDVPLVLELOLGDG GH ODV JDUDQWtDV HQ HO FDVRTXHQRVRFXSDHVWiGDGRSRUHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHOSULPHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORDVtFRPRSRUORGLVSXHVWRHQHOQXPHUDODQWHVFRPHQWDGR
$KRUDELHQGHDFXHUGRFRQORHVWDEOHFLGRSRUODSDUWHQDOGHOSULPHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORHOSULQFLSLRJHQHUDOGHTXHHQODQRYD-FLyQQRVHWUDQVPLWHQDODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQODVJDUDQWtDVGHODREOLJDFLyQH[WLQJXLGDDGPLWHSDFWRHQFRQWUDULR
&DEHREVHUYDUTXHHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRJXDUGDVLOHQFLRHQHOSUHFHSWRTXHHVWDPRVFRPHQWDQGRUHVSHFWRDOPRGRHQTXHGHEHIRUPXODUVHHOSDFWRHQFRQWUDULR
1RVRWURVSHQVDPRVTXHGLFKRSDFWRGDGDODLPSRUWDQFLDGHVXFRQWHQLGR\VLQJXODUPHQWHORGLVSXHVWRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOGHEHFRQVWDUHQIRUPDH[SUHVD
(QHIHFWRVLELHQHOSUHFHSWRFLWDGRDGPLWHODPDQLIHVWDFLyQGHYROXQWDGH[SUHVDRWiFLWDpOVHxDODTXHHVWD~OWLPDIRUPDVHGHVFDUWDFXDQGRODOH\H[LJHGHFODUDFLyQH[SUHVDRFXDQGRHODJHQWHIRUPXODUH-VHUYDRGHFODUDFLyQHQFRQWUDULRVXSXHVWRHVWH~OWLPRTXHHVHOSUHYLVWRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
-
NOVACIN
3RU~OWLPRVHDGYLHUWHTXHGHDFXHUGRFRQHOVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOHQODQRYDFLyQSRUGHOHJDFLyQODREOLJD-FLyQHVH[LJLEOHFRQWUDHOGHXGRUSULPLWLYR\VXVJDUDQWHVHQFDVRGHTXHODLQVROYHQFLDGHOQXHYRGHXGRUKXELHVHVLGRDQWHULRU\S~EOLFDRFRQRFLGDSRUHOGHXGRUDOGHOHJDUVXGHXGD
&RPRVHGHVSUHQGHGHGLFKDQRUPDHOODHVWDEOHFHGRVVXSXHVWRVHQORVFXDOHVHOGHXGRUSULPLWLYR\VXVJDUDQWHVUHVSRQGHQGHOFXPSOL-PLHQWRGHODREOLJDFLyQQRYDGD6HWUDWDHQHOSULPHUFDVRGHXQDQR-YDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQODPRGDOLGDGGHGHOHJDFLyQHQTXHODLQVROYHQFLDGHOQXHYRGHXGRUHOGHXGRUVXVWLWX\HQWHKXELHVHVLGRDQWHULRU\GHFRQRFLPLHQWRS~EOLFRDOHIHFWXDUVHODGHOHJDFLyQRHQHOVHJXQGRFDVRTXHGLFKDLQVROYHQFLDKXELHVHVLGRFRQRFLGDSRUHOGHXGRUVXVWLWXLGRFRQDQWHULRULGDGRFRHWiQHDPHQWHDOWLHPSRHQTXHGHOHJyVXGHXGD
(OVXSXHVWRSUHYLVWRSRUHO&yGLJRFRQODVSDODEUDVDQWHULRU\S~EOLFDFRUUHVSRQGHDTXHHODFUHHGRUKDEUtDLQFXUULGRHQHUURU\HOVXSXHVWRGHODH[SUHVLyQFRQRFLGDGHOGHXGRUVLJQLFDUtDTXHpVWHSURFHGLyGRORVDPHQWH(QVXPDDTXtVHVDQFLRQDQHOHUURU\HOGROR 129$&,1'(2%/,*$&,16,03/(325275$&21&21-
',&,16863(16,9$6HJ~Q HO DUWtFXOR GHO &yGLJR &LYLO 3HUXDQR FXDQGR XQD
REOLJDFLyQSXUD\VLPSOHVHVXVWLWX\HSRURWUDVXMHWDDFRQGLFLyQVXV-SHQVLYDVHFRQJXUDXQVXSXHVWRGHQRYDFLyQREMHWLYD1RREVWDQWHHO HIHFWR H[WLQWLYRFUHDGRU GH REOLJDFLRQHV GH GLFKD QRYDFLyQ QR VHYHULFDHQWDQWRODFRQGLFLyQQRVHFXPSOD\DTXHHVWD~OWLPDDIHFWDWDPELpQDODQRYDFLyQ
(OWH[WRGHOFLWDGRDUWtFXORHVHOVLJXLHQWHArtculo 1284.- Cuando una obligacin pura se convierte en otra sujeta a condicin suspensiva, slo habr novacin si se cumple la condicin, salvo pacto en contrario.
Las mismas reglas se aplican si la antigua obligacin estuviera sujeta a condicin suspensiva y la nueva fuera pura.
(VWDQRUPDFRQWHPSODYDULRVVXSXHVWRV
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
10.1. Novacin de una obligacin pura por otra sujeta a condicin suspensiva
'HEHUHFRUGDUVHTXHODFRQGLFLyQVXSRQHXQDFRQWHFLPLHQWRIX-WXURLQFLHUWR\H[WUDxRDODHVHQFLDGHODFWRMXUtGLFRTXHLQFRUSRUDGRDpVWHSRUDFXHUGRGHSDUWHV LPSLGHRUHVXHOYHVXHFDFLDKDVWDVXFXPSOLPLHQWR/DFRQGLFLyQVHSHUODDVtFRPRXQHOHPHQWRDFFLGHQWDOTXHREVWDODHFDFLDGHXQDFWRMXUtGLFR
'HDFXHUGRFRQHODUWtFXORVyORKDEUiQRYDFLyQVLVHFXPSOHODFRQGLFLyQVXVSHQVLYDDTXHVHKDOODVXMHWDODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQ
$QXHVWURPRGRGHYHUHQHVWHFDVRODQRYDFLyQHVLQFLHUWDHQVXHFDFLDPDVQRHQVXH[LVWHQFLD
&RPRVDEHPRVXQRGHORVUHTXLVLWRVGHODQRYDFLyQHVODFUHDFLyQGHXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQTXHVXVWLWX\HDRWUDSUHH[LVWHQWH&XDQGRODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQVHVXMHWDDXQDFRQGLFLyQVXVSHQVLYDGLFKDH[LJHQFLDHVVDWLVIHFKD1RREVWDQWH OD OH\FLYLOSHUXDQDFRQVLGHUDTXHVLELHQH[LVWHRWUDREOLJDFLyQUHVXOWDUD]RQDEOH\HTXLWDWLYRTXHODQRYDFLyQRSHUHVyORVLODFRQGLFLyQVHFXPSOHHVWRHVVLODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQHVH[LJLEOHSRUTXHDQWHVGHWDOFXPSOLPLHQWRHOODHVLQHFD]
$VtODVFRVDVHVFODURTXHVLODFRQGLFLyQVHYHULFDODQRYDFLyQRULJLQDHIHFWRV
(QDWHQFLyQDODVQRUPDVTXHULJHQODFRQGLFLyQSUHFLVDDFODUDUVHTXHXQDYH]FXPSOLGDpVWDODQRYDFLyQQRVXUWHHIHFWRVGHPDQHUDUH-WURDFWLYDHVWRHVDODIHFKDGHVXFHOHEUDFLyQ(OORVLQHPEDUJRSRGUtDRFXUULUVLORVFRQWUDWDQWHVSUHYpQXQDGLVSRVLFLyQFRQWUDULDDODUHJODFRQVLJQDGDHQHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
'HORH[SXHVWRVHLQHUHTXHODQRYDFLyQJHQHUDHIHFWRVGHVGHODIHFKDHQTXHVHFXPSOHODFRQGLFLyQ
3RURWUR ODGRGHEHPRV VHxDODUTXHHO DUWtFXORQRHVXQDQRUPDLPSHUDWLYDTXHUHJXOHSULQFLSLRVRYDORUHVGHRUGHQS~EOLFR3RUHVWDUD]yQHOSURSLRWH[WRGHOSUHFHSWRUHFRQRFHSRGHUQRUPDWLYRDODYROXQWDGSULYDGDSHUPLWLHQGRHOSDFWRHQFRQWUDULR
/DGRFWULQDFRQVLGHUDDHVWHDFXHUGRQRYDWRULRFRPRXQFRQWUDWRDOHD-WRULRWRGDYH]TXHVHFDPELDDOJRFLHUWRSRUDOJRLQFLHUWRHKLSRWpWLFR
3RUORGHPiVDGLFLRQDOPHQWHDOVXSXHVWRSUHYLVWRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOTXHVHxDODFODUDPHQWHTXHODVXVWLWXFLyQGHXQD
-
NOVACIN
REOLJDFLyQ SXUD SRU RWUD VXMHWD D FRQGLFLyQ VXVSHQVLYD VyOR JHQHUDHIHFWRVQRYDWRULRVVLVHFXPSOHODFRQGLFLyQH[LVWHQRWURVFDVRVTXHVHJXLGDPHQWHFLWDPRVHQTXHODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQWDPSRFRSURGXFHWDOHVHIHFWRV10.1.1. Cuando la condicin suspensiva es ilcita
6LXQDFUHHGRUFRQYLHQHFRQVXGHXGRUHQQRYDU ODREOLJDFLyQSHQGLHQWHGHSDJRSRURWUDDFRQGLFLyQSRUHMHPSORGHTXHHVWH~O-WLPRVHFXHVWUHDXQWHUFHURDXQFXDQGRVHYHULTXHODFRQGLFLyQQRKDEUiQRYDFLyQ10.1.2. Cuando la condicin suspensiva es fsica o jurdicamente im-
posible
/DFRQGLFLyQSUHVHQWD LPSRVLELOLGDGItVLFDFXDQGRODV OH\HVGHODQDWXUDOH]DLPSLGHQFXPSOLUOD(OORRFXUULUtDSRUHMHPSORVL3HGURFRQYLHQHFRQ/XLVHQQRYDUVXGHXGDSRURWUDGLVWLQWDDFRQGLFLyQGHTXHVHSURGX]FDXQDWRUPHQWDGHQLHYHHQODFLXGDGGH/LPD
'HRWURODGRODFRQGLFLyQUHYHVWLUiLPSRVLELOLGDGMXUtGLFDFXDQGRVLHQGRItVLFDPHQWHSRVLEOHHOPHGLRHPSOHDGRQRHVHOSUHYLVWRSRUHORUGHQDPLHQWRMXUtGLFRSDUDREWHQHUHOQTXHVHGHVHD6L$SRUHMHPSORFRQYLHQHFRQ%HQQRYDUVXGHXGDSRURWUDDFRQGLFLyQGHTXH%DFHSWHHQGDUVHSRUDGRSWDGRHQHVHPLVPRLQVWDQWH
5HFXpUGHVHTXHODLPSRVLELOLGDGSXHGHVHUWRWDORSDUFLDOVREUHYL-QLHQWHRWUDQVLWRULDREMHWLYDRVXEMHWLYD\TXHHQFRQVHFXHQFLDGHEHUiDQDOL]DUVHHQFDGDFDVRHQSDUWLFXODU&XDQGR OD FRQGLFLyQDSHVDUGHYHULFDUVH QR VH FRQVLGHUD
cumplida
6LODFRQGLFLyQVHKXELHUDYHULFDGRSRUODPDODIHGHTXLHQVHEHQHFLDFRQVXFXPSOLPLHQWRDTXpOODVHWHQGUtDSRUQRFXPSOLGDGHVXHUWHTXHVLpVWHIXHUHHOFDVRQRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQ10.1.4. Cuando la condicin es potestativa
6HJ~QFULWHULRJHQHUDOL]DGRHQODOHJLVODFLyQ\GRFWULQDODFRQGL-FLyQSRWHVWDWLYDGHWHUPLQDODQXOLGDGGHODFWRFXDQGRHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODFRQGLFLyQGHSHQGHGHODSHUVRQDDTXLHQpVWHIDYRUHFH
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
(QFRQVHFXHQFLDHODFXHUGRQRYDWRULRVHUtDQXORVLHODFDHFLPLHQWRGHODFRQGLFLyQDTXHVHVXMHWyODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQGHSHQGH~QLFDPHQWHGHODYROXQWDGGHOGHXGRU
(QHVWHVHQWLGRHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOHVWDEOHFHTXHHVQXORHODFWRMXUtGLFRFX\RVHIHFWRVHVWiQVXERUGLQDGRVDFRQGLFLyQVXV-SHQVLYDTXHGHSHQGDGHODH[FOXVLYDYROXQWDGGHOGHXGRU&XDQGRODFRQGLFLyQVHFXPSOHVyORHQSDUWHVDOYRSDFWRHQ
contrario
(VWHVXSXHVWRVHIXQGDPHQWDHQHODUWtFXORVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHO&yGLJR&LYLO10.2. Novacin de una obligacin sujeta a condicin suspensiva por
otra pura y simple
6HWUDWDGHRWURVXSXHVWRFRQWHPSODGRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQR
&XDQGRDQDOL]DPRVORVUHTXLVLWRVGHODQRYDFLyQVHxDODPRVFRPRXQRGHHOORVDODSUHH[LVWHQFLDGHXQDREOLJDFLyQYiOLGD(VWDH[LJHQFLDVHFXPSOHDXQVL ODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLDTXHVHSUHWHQGHQRYDUVHKDOODVXMHWDDXQDFRQGLFLyQVXVSHQVLYD3RUHOOR ODGRFWULQDDGPLWHTXHSXHGHQRYDUVHYiOLGDPHQWHXQDREOLJDFLyQFRQGLFLRQDOSRURWUDSXUD\VLPSOH
6LQHPEDUJRHOVHJXQGRSDUiJUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRGLVSRQHTXHVLODDQWLJXDREOLJDFLyQHVWXYLHUDVXMHWDDFRQGLFLyQVXVSHQVLYD\ODQXHYDIXHUDSXUDVyORRSHUDUtDQRYDFLyQVLVHFXPSOHODFRQGLFLyQVXVSHQVLYDVROXFLyQFRQODTXH\DORKHPRVGLFKRGLVFUHSDPRV 129$&,1 '( 2%/,*$&,1 &21 &21',&,1 5(62/8-
TORIA
/RVFDVRVGHQRYDFLyQGHREOLJDFLRQHVVXMHWDVDFRQGLFLyQUHVROX-WRULDVHULJHQSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQR
Artculo 1285.- Cuando una obligacin pura se convierte en otra sujeta a condicin resolutoria, opera la novacin, salvo pacto en contrario.
-
NOVACIN
Las mismas reglas se aplican si la antigua obligacin estuviera sujeta a condicin resolutoria y la nueva fuera pura.
/RVVXSXHVWRVVRQORVVLJXLHQWHV11.1. Novacin de obligacin pura por otra sujeta a condicin reso-
lutoria
/DVXVWLWXFLyQGHXQDREOLJDFLyQSXUD\VLPSOHSRURWUDVXMHWDDFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDSURGXFHFRQVHFXHQFLDVQRYDWRULDVVDOYRHVWLSX-ODFLyQGLVWLQWDGHORVFRQWUDWDQWHV
8QD REOLJDFLyQ VXMHWD D FRQGLFLyQ UHVROXWRULD WLHQH HFDFLD HVGHFLUFRQVWLWX\HXQGHUHFKRFLHUWR'HDOOtHOVHQWLGRGHODQRUPDDTXHQRVHVWDPRVUHULHQGR
/DFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDQRREVWDHQSULQFLSLRSDUDODHFDFLDGHODFWRMXUtGLFRVXMHWRDHOOD6yORVXDFDHFLPLHQWRGHWHUPLQDHOFHVHGHHFDFLDGHODFWR
$KRUDELHQHQYLUWXGGHORHVWDEOHFLGRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOODQRYDFLyQRSHUDDODIHFKDGHVXFHOHEUDFLyQ\QRDODIHFKDHQTXHVHFXPSOHODFRQGLFLyQ
(QWDOVHQWLGRFDEHSUHJXQWDUQRVTXpHIHFWRVSURGXFHHODFDHFL-PLHQWRGHODFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDVREUHGLFKDQRYDFLyQ
&XDQGRORVFRQWUDWDQWHVQRSUHYpQSDFWRHQFRQWUDULRDORFRQ-WHPSODGRSRUORVDUWtFXORV\GHO&yGLJR&LYLOODFRQGLFLyQQRWLHQHHFDFLDUHWURDFWLYD\SRUWDQWRVXDFDHFLPLHQWRQRPRGLFDODVLWXDFLyQMXUtGLFDDQWHULRU9DOHGHFLUHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODFRQGLFLyQQRDIHFWDODQRYDFLyQHVWLSXODGD
&XDQGR ORV FRQWUDWDQWHVSUHYpQXQDGLVSRVLFLyQFRQWUDULDD ORHVWLSXODGRSRUORVDUWtFXORV\GHO&yGLJR&LYLOODFRQGLFLyQWHQGUtDHFDFLDUHWURDFWLYD\HQFRQVHFXHQFLDVXDFDHFLPLHQWRUHVRO-YHUtDORVHIHFWRVTXHYHQtDSURGXFLHQGRODQRYDFLyQ
6HUtDHOFDVRSRUHMHPSORHQTXHDFUHHGRU\GHXGRUDFRUGDUDQQRYDUODGHXGDSRURWUDDFRQGLFLyQGHTXHDTXpOHODFUHHGRUSHUPD-QH]FDHQHOFDUJRGHJHUHQWHGHXQDVRFLHGDGDQyQLPDHVWLSXODQGRDVLPLVPRODHFDFLDUHWURDFWLYDGHGLFKDFRQGLFLyQ6LODFRQGLFLyQVHYHULFDODQRYDFLyQVHUHVXHOYH
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
11.2. Novacin de obligacin sujeta a condicin resolutoria por otra pura y simple
&XDQGRVHVXVWLWX\HXQDREOLJDFLyQVXMHWDDFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDSRURWUDSXUD\VLPSOHRSHUDODQRYDFLyQVDOYRSDFWRHQFRQWUDULR
(QHVWHVXSXHVWRVHDSOLFDQLJXDOHVUHJODVDODVH[SXHVWDVVHJ~QORSUHYLVWRSRUHOVHJXQGRSDUiJUDIRGHODUWtFXOR
)LQDOPHQWHGHEHPRVVHxDODUTXHODVXVWLWXFLyQGHXQDREOLJDFLyQSXUD\VLPSOHSRURWUDVXMHWDDFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDRDODLQYHUVDQRSURGXFHFRQVHFXHQFLDVQRYDWRULDVHQORVFDVRVVLJXLHQWHV
&XDQGRODFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDHVLOtFLWDDUWtFXORVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
&XDQGRODFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDHVItVLFDRMXUtGLFDPHQWHLPSR-VLEOHDUWtFXORVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
&XDQGRODFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDDSHVDUGHYHULFDUVHQRVHFRQVLGHUDFXPSOLGDDUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
&XDQGRODFRQGLFLyQUHVROXWRULDVHFXPSOHVyORHQSDUWHVDOYRSDFWRHQFRQWUDULRDUWtFXORVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHO&yGLJR&LYLO 129$&,1'(2%/,*$&,118/$2$18/$%/(
(ODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRGHVHRFXSDGHODQXOLGDG\DQXODELOLGDGGHODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDHQODQRYDFLyQ6XWH[WRHVHOVLJXLHQWH
Artculo 1286.- Si la obligacin primitiva fuera nula, no existe novacin.
Si la obligacin primitiva fuera anulable, la novacin tiene validez si el deudor, conociendo del vicio, asume la nueva obligacin.
&RQFRUGDPRVSOHQDPHQWHFRQODVROXFLyQTXHRWRUJDODFLWDGDQRUPDDOVXSXHVWRHQTXHODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDIXHVHQXOD\DTXHODQXOLGDGHTXLYDOHDTXHHOODQXQFDVXUJLySDUDHO'HUHFKR\DODLPSRVLELOLGDGGHRULJHQGHTXHVXUWLHUDHIHFWRDOJXQRHQVXPDDVXLQYDOLGH]SOHQDGHRUL-JHQ(QWDOVHQWLGRXQDREOLJDFLyQQXODYDOHGHFLUTXHQXQFDKDVXUJLGRSDUDHO'HUHFKRQRSRGUtDVHUYDULDGDSRURWUDQXHYDTXHODVXVWLWX\D/DREOLJDFLyQQXHYDGHFUHDUVHQRWHQGUtDFRPRQDOLGDGVXVWLWXLUDODDQWHULRUSRUODVHQFLOODUD]yQGHTXHQRKDEUtDQDGDTXHVXVWLWXLU
-
NOVACIN
6LQHPEDUJRHOOHFWRUGHEHUHSDUDUHQTXHHOVXSXHVWRGHOSULPHUSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORFXDQGRHQpOVHHVWDEOHFHTXHQRH[LVWHQRYD-FLyQVHUHHUHDODKLSyWHVLVGHTXHODVSDUWHVKD\DQTXHULGRVXVWLWXLUODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDSRUXQDQXHYDYDOHGHFLUTXHHQHODFWXDUGHODVPLVPDVKD\DKDELGRanimus novandi.
'LVWLQWRVHUtDHOFDVRHQTXHODVPLVPDVSDUWHVTXHFUHDURQODREOL-JDFLyQSULPLJHQLDTXHHUDQXODVHSXVLHUDQGHDFXHUGRSDUDFUHDUXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQVLQiQLPRGHVXVWLWXLUDODDQWHULRU(QHVWHVXSXHVWRHVREYLRTXHQRKDEUtDQRYDFLyQ6yORVHFUHDUtDXQDQXHYDREOLJDFLyQDOOtGRQGHQRKDEtDREOLJDFLyQDOJXQD(QWDOKLSyWHVLVQRRFXUUHTXHODVSDUWHVKXELHUDQGHVHDGRFDPELDUDOJRSRUQDGDVLPSOHPHQWHHVWDUtDQGDQGRQDFLPLHQWRDXQDQXHYD UHODFLyQ MXUtGLFDTXHQR WHQGUtDSRUIXQFLyQVXVWLWXLUDDOJXQDRWUDVLQRVyORREOLJDUDODVSDUWHVHQWUHVt
6LQHPEDUJRQRWRGDODGRFWULQDFRQVXOWDGDHVGHOPLVPRSDUHFHUSXHVKD\DXWRUHVTXHFRQVLGHUDQTXHFDEUtD ODSRVLELOLGDGGHQRYDUXQD REOLJDFLyQ QXOD 1RVRWURV FRPR \D OR VHxDODPRV GLVFUHSDPRVURWXQGDPHQWHGHHVWDVROXFLyQ
'HRWURODGRHO&yGLJR&LYLOHVWDEOHFHHQHOVHJXQGRSiUUDIRGHODUWtFXORTXHVLODREOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDIXHUDDQXODEOHODQRYDFLyQWLHQHYDOLGH]VLHOGHXGRUFRQRFLHQGRGHOYLFLRDVXPHODQXHYDREOL-JDFLyQ
$OUHVSHFWRGHEHWHQHUVHHQFXHQWDTXHXQDREOLJDFLyQDQXODEOHQRHVQXODVLQRYiOLGD\TXHVyORVHUtDQXODHQHOVXSXHVWRHQTXHVHUHFXUULHUDDORVWULEXQDOHVSDUDWDOHIHFWR\VHDQXODUDHVGHFLUVHGHFOD-UDUDQXODGHFODUDFLyQTXHGHDFXHUGRDORHVWDEOHFLGRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRVHUHWURWUDHDOPRPHQWRGHVXFHOHEUDFLyQORTXHHTXLYDOHDFRQVLGHUDUTXHVLHPSUHIXHQXOD
3HURQRROYLGHPRVTXHHODFWRDQXODEOHHQWDQWRQRVXFHGDDOJXQDGHODVYLFLVLWXGHVDQRWDGDVHVXQDFWRYiOLGR&RPRORFDOLFDODGRF-WULQDSXHGHVHUFRQVLGHUDGRXQDFWRGHYDOLGH]DFWXDO\GHLQYDOLGH]SHQGLHQWHSXGLHQGRGDUVHHOFDVRGHTXHMDPiVVHDQXOHFRQORTXHVLHPSUHFRQVHUYDUtDVXYDOLGH]
(OORRFXUULUtDVLHODFWRQXQFDVHOOHJDUDDDQXODUGHQWURGHOSOD]RSUHVFULSWRULRGHGLFKDDFFLyQHOPLVPRTXHHVGHGRVDxRVGHDFXHU-GRFRQORHVWDEOHFLGRSRUHOLQFLVRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO3HUXDQRRVLSODQWHDGDODDFFLyQGHFXPSOLPLHQWRHOGHPDQGDGRQR
-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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-
NOVACIN
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(QFDPELRVtVHSRGUtDSUHVHQWDUHQHOVXSXHVWRGHODQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQODPRGDOLGDGGHH[SURPLVLyQODPLVPDTXHFRPRVDEHPRVSXHGHHIHFWXDUVHQRVyORFRQGHVFRQRFL-PLHQWRGHOGHXGRUSULPLWLYRDUJXPHQWRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOVLQRWDPELpQFRQWUDVXYROXQWDG 18/,'$' 2 $18/$&,1 '( /$ 18(9$ 2%/,*$&,1
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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(QFRQVHFXHQFLDXQDYH]SURGXFLGDODQRYDFLyQHOWHUFHURH[JD-UDQWHVHGHVHQWHQGHUtDGHODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQODTXHQRHVWiJDUDQWL-]DQGRSXHVUHVXOWDUtDLQMXVWRTXHGLFKRWHUFHURHVWXYLHUDSHUPDQHQ-WHPHQWHVRPHWLGRDORTXHRFXUUDHQHOIXWXURFRQODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQSRUHMHPSORTXHVHGHFODUHQXODFRPRWDPELpQUHVXOWDUtDLQMXVWRTXHVLODDQWHULRUREOLJDFLyQUHFREUDUDVXVHIHFWRVSRUTXHODQXHYDVHDQXODVHREOLJXHDOH[JDUDQWHDFRQWLQXDUJDUDQWL]DQGRGLFKDREOLJDFLyQ(O'HUHFKRHQWLHQGHTXHVXUHODFLyQFRQHOGHXGRUWHUPLQyDOSURGXFLUVHODQRYDFLyQDXQTXHGHVSXpVODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQVHGHFODUHQXODRVHDDQXODGD\DTXHHQHOODQRLQWHUYLQRHOJDUDQWH ()(&726
(QDGHODQWHYDPRVDUHIHULUQRVDORVHIHFWRVGHODQRYDFLyQORVPLVPRVTXHHQRSLQLyQQXHVWUDVHUtDQORVVLJXLHQWHVHQFXDOTXLHUDGHVXVIRUPDVREMHWLYDRUHDOSRUFDPELRGHREMHWRRGHFDXVDIXHQWHGHODREOLJDFLyQRVXEMHWLYDRSHUVRQDOSRUFDPELRGHDFUHHGRURGHXGRU14.1. Sobre la extincin de la obligacin originaria y la creacin de
una nueva
/DQRYDFLyQHVXQDRSHUDFLyQ~QLFDGHGREOHHIHFWRDVDEHUXQHIHFWRH[WLQWLYR\RWURFUHDGRUGHREOLJDFLRQHV
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-
NOVACIN
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3UHFLVDREVHUYDUVHFRPRORH[SUHVDPRVHQVXRSRUWXQLGDGTXHHQHOFDVRGHXQDQRYDFLyQVXEMHWLYDSRUFDPELRGHGHXGRUHQODPR-GDOLGDGGHGHOHJDFLyQFXDQGRODLQVROYHQFLDGHOQXHYRGHXGRUIXHVHDQWHULRU\S~EOLFDDODFXHUGRQRYDWRULRRFRQRFLGDSRUHOGHXGRUDOGHOHJDUVXGHXGDVXSXHVWRVGHOVHJXQGRSDUiJUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOODREOLJDFLyQWDPELpQVHUtDH[LJLEOHFRQWUDHOGHXGRUSULPLWLYR\VXVJDUDQWHV
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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/RVHIHFWRVGHODQRYDFLyQGHXQDREOLJDFLyQVROLGDULDVHJ~QVHWUDWHGHXQVXSXHVWRGHVROLGDULGDGDFWLYDRSDVLYDDVtFRPRODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUQDVHQWUHTXLHQQRYyODREOLJDFLyQ\VXVFRDFUHHGRUHVRFRGHXGRUHVVHJ~QHOFDVRVHULJHQSRUVXVSURSLRVSULQFLSLRVORVPLVPRVTXHSDVDPRVDGHWDOODU
(QXQVXSXHVWRGHVROLGDULGDGDFWLYDHVFODURTXHVLHOGHXGRU\XQRGHORVFRDFUHHGRUHVFRQYLHQHQHQQRYDUODWRWDOLGDGGHODREOLJDFLyQVROLGDULDpVWDVHH[WLQJXHUHVSHFWRGHORVGHPiVFRDFUHHGRUHV
3HURVHJ~QORSUHVFULWRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOHQODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUQDVHODFUHHGRUTXHQRYyODREOLJDFLyQUHVSRQGHDQWHORVGHPiVH[FRDFUHHGRUHVSRUODSDUWHTXHFRUUHVSRQGtDDFDGDXQRGHHOORVHQODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLD$GYLpUWDVHTXHHOtQWHJURGHOFUpGLWRQRVyORSHUWHQHFtDDTXLHQQRYyODREOLJDFLyQGHDOOtTXHORVGHPiVFRDFUHHGRUHVSXHGDQUHSHWLUFRQWUDHVWH~OWLPR
(VWH SULQFLSLR VH H[FHSW~D VLQ HPEDUJR FXDQGR OD REOLJDFLyQSULPLWLYDVHKXELHVHFRQWUDtGRHQLQWHUpVH[FOXVLYRGHODFUHHGRUTXHSDUWLFLSyHQHODFXHUGRQRYDWRULR(QHVWHFDVRGLFKRDFUHHGRUQRUHV-SRQGHIUHQWHDVXVH[FRDFUHHGRUHV
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NOVACIN
DFXHUGR QRYDWRULR OD REOLJDFLyQ VyOR VH H[WLQJXH UHVSHFWR D GLFKDSDUWHGHVXHUWHWDOTXHHOGHXGRUTXHGDOLEHUDGR~QLFDPHQWHHQFXDQWRDHVDSDUWH\FRQWLQ~DREOLJDGRIUHQWHDORVGHPiVFRDFUHHGRUHVSRUODGLIHUHQFLD$VtORHVWDEOHFHHOVHJXQGRSDUiJUDIRGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
(QORTXHUHVSHFWDDOVXSXHVWRGHVROLGDULGDGSDVLYDFRQIRUPHDORGLVSXHVWRSRUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLOHODFXHUGRQRYDWRULRFHOHEUDGRHQWUHHODFUHHGRUFRP~Q\XQRGHORVGHXGRUHVVREUHODWR-WDOLGDGGHODREOLJDFLyQVROLGDULDOLEHUDDORVGHPiVFRGHXGRUHV\VyORREOLJDDOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQDOGHXGRUTXHQRYyODGHXGDSULPLJHQLD
(QODVUHODFLRQHVLQWHUQDVVLQHPEDUJRORVH[FRGHXGRUHVSXHGHQHOHJLUHQWUHFXPSOLUFRQHOGHXGRUTXHQRYySRUODSDUWHDODTXHVHKDEtDQREOLJDGRRULJLQDOPHQWHRSRUODSURSRUFLyQTXHOHVFRUUHVSRQ-GHUtDHQODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQ(OORHQYLUWXGDORSUHVFULWRSRUHOLQFLVRSULPHURGHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO
1RREVWDQWH VL ODQRYDFLyQ VHKXELHUD OLPLWDGRD ODSDUWHTXHFRUUHVSRQGtDDXQRGHORVGHXGRUHVODREOLJDFLyQVHH[WLQJXHVyORHQFXDQWR D GLFKD SDUWH GH PRGR TXH ORV RWURV FRGHXGRUHV FRQWLQ~DQREOLJDGRVUHVSHFWRDODSDUWHUHVWDQWHGHODREOLJDFLyQRULJLQDO$VtORHVWDEOHFHHODUWtFXORGHOFLWDGRFXHUSROHJDO14.2. Sobre el destino de las garantas de la obligacin novada
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-
FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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(QORVFDVRVGHQRYDFLyQOHJDOVHDTXHRSHUHGHSOHQRGHUHFKRRHQYLUWXGGHXQDUHVROXFLyQMXGLFLDO
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DVLHQWHHQDVHJXUDUHOFXPSOLPLHQWRGHODQXHYDREOLJDFLyQ14.3. Sobre los accesorios de la obligacin novada
(QJHQHUDOODGRFWULQDFRLQFLGHDOVRVWHQHUTXHHOHIHFWRH[WLQWLYRGHODQRYDFLyQHVFRPSDUDEOHDOGHOSDJR/DREOLJDFLyQQRYDGDGHV-DSDUHFHFRQWRGRVVXVDFFHVRULRV14.4. Sobre las obligaciones de saneamiento
6LODVSDUWHVDFRUGDVHQQRYDUHOREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQSULPLJHQLDSRURWUR\pVWHWXYLHUDYLFLRVRFXOWRVRVHSHUGLHVHSRUHYLFFLyQFDEUtDSUHJXQWDUVHTXpGHUHFKRVDVLVWHQDODFUHHGRU
3RUHQWUDxDUODQRYDFLyQXQFRQWUDWRH[WLQWLYRGHREOLJDFLRQHVHV FODUR TXH HO DFUHHGRU \D QR SRGUtD H[LJLU HO FXPSOLPLHQWR GH ODREOLJDFLyQ RULJLQDO 6LQ HPEDUJR VLHQGR OD QRYDFLyQ XQ FRQWUDWR DOTXHVRQDSOLFDEOHV ODVQRUPDVUHIHUHQWHVDOVDQHDPLHQWRVLQ OXJDUDGXGDVDVLVWLUiDODFUHHGRUHOGHUHFKRDVHULQGHPQL]DGRSRUORVYLFLRVRFXOWRVTXHHOQXHYRELHQSUHVHQWDVHDOPRPHQWRGHODWUDQVIHUHQFLDRSRUHYLFFLyQ
-
NOVACIN
6L HO FUpGLWR DQWHULRU VH KD H[WLQJXLGR GHILQLWLYDPHQWH SRUQRYDFLyQHVHYLGHQWHTXHODVUHODFLRQHVHQWUHGHXGRU\DFUHHGRUVHGHWHUPLQDQSRUODQXHYDGHXGD(VWRHVVLPrimus debe a Secundus XQDWRQHODGDGHDUUR]\DPERVDFXHUGDQQRYDUODGHXGDVXVWLWX\HQ-GRVXREMHWRSRUXQDWRQHODGDGHD]~FDUODVFXHVWLRQHVUHODWLYDVDOVDQHDPLHQWRVyORUHFDHUtDQVREUHHOQXHYRREMHWRGHODREOLJDFLyQ\QRVREUHHOSULPHUR14.5. Sobre la teora del riesgo
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3RUORGHPiVUHPLWLPRVDOOHFWRUDORVFRPHQWDULRVHIHFWXDGRVSRUQRVRWURVDODQDOL]DUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO14.6. Sobre el reconocimiento de las obligaciones
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$TXtWDPELpQUHPLWLPRVDOOHFWRUDORVFRPHQWDULRVDQRWDGRVDODQDOL]DUHODUWtFXORGHO&yGLJR&LYLO14.7. Sobre la cesin de derechos
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FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
14.8. Sobre los efectos generales de las obligaciones
(VFODURTXHOXHJRGHKDEHUVHSDFWDGRODQRYDFLyQORVDOFDQFHVGHORVDUWtFXORV\GHO&yGLJR&LYLOUHVXOWDUtDQDSOLFDEOHVDODQXHYDUHODFLyQREOLJDWRULD\QRDODDQWHULRU14.9. Sobre el pago y sus diversas formas
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NOVACIN
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FELIPE OSTERLING PARODI / MARIO CASTILLO FREYRE
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NOVACIN