Kopp Juan Jose - Nicolas Descalzi, Diario ampliado,Expedición al río Bermejo año de 1826.

5/10/2018 Kopp Juan Jose - Nicolas Descalzi, Diario ampliado,Expedici n al r o Bermejo a...

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Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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< Jsme Jhqé Nhww%

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Fm Qhaicbmb bcf |àh Lc|`cjh:

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ahehaiìcerh bcf W|cqibcerc bc fm Jserm }sc qc eh`l|m|í ce cf w|i`c| marh bcqs ieah|wh|maiñe%



2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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W|hrmkheiqrmq y wm|ràaiwcq iebi|carhq:

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`mercec|fmq%




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Jsme Nie: Ah`wmýc|h bc vimjc bc Fsiq A|cqai|%Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi: Wifhrh bc fm ctwcbiaiñe& hamqihemf aheqr|sarh| bc lm|ahq cei`w|hviqmbm mrm|mzmem%

Jsme Jhqé Amemfcq% Aher|m`mcqr|c% Bc emaihemfibmb adifcem%

Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h - Qmfksc|hq% Bcqwceqc|h%@c|fh: Hoiaiñ bc mysbmerc bc Bcqamfzi ce fm aheqr|saaiñe y lhrmbs|m bcf QmeQmfvmbh|% Eh ffckm|he m se masc|bh ahe Qh|im |cqwcarh m qs qmfm|ih% Eh oh|`ñwm|rc bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%Wcb|h Km|aàm% Amfmomrc|h%O|meaiqah Om|àmq% Wcñe% Bc emaihemfibmb adifcem osc `sc|rh bc r|cq fmezmzhq%Kml|icf Qíeadcz% Wcñe

Jsqrh Wmqrh|% WcñeFsaimeh h Fh|cezh Ofh|cq% WcñeMfcjmeb|h Qmfmq% Wcñe%

Wcb|h Mlme% Wcñe@m|ah H|riz% Wcñe@m|ràe \ivc|h% WcñeQi`ñe \siz% WcñeMrmemqih Ieam% Wcñe

Jhqé Ficeb|h% WcñeO|meaiqah Amqriffh% WcñeEm|aiqh Bimz% WcñeO|meaiqah Adh}sc% Wcñe@íti`h @mb|ikmf: Dijh bcf wscqrc|h @mb|ikmf& dmaàm bc r|mbsarh| ahe fmq

bivc|qmq ah`seibmbcq iebàkcemq%%



? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Qmerimkh y Mksqràe: Amai}scq `mrmahq mìkhq bc @m|imeh%Adieadàe% Dijh bcf amai}sc `mflmfí Adieadàe& }sc qslh|biemlm m fhq adseswæcqrm`liée ffm`mbhq hahfcq%Bhìeksirh: Amai}sc bc wm|aimfibmb dhqrif& cjcasrmbh%@m|imeh: Bc fm ìq`m wm|aimfibmb }sc Adieadàe& hoiaimlm wm|m fm hamqiñe bcah||ch cer|c fm emvc y fmq msrh|ibmbcq& mah`wmým m fm ctwcbiaiñe%Admkimq - Admkihq: Amai}sc% Hoiaim bc ksàm se ah|rh r|mycarh%Mkhqrie - Mksqriecq: Amai}sc bc fm Meriksm |cbsaaiñe bc Qme Lc|em|bh%@m|ràe: Amai}sc bc fm meriksm |cbsaaiñe bc fhq Amekmyé& dijh bcf Amai}scMksqràe%Wmqmai|- Wmqmi|: Mah`wmým se ah|rh r|mycarh m fm ctwcbiaiñe%Wmrhri-Whrhri: Amai}sc w|i`h bc @m|ràe% Mah`wmým se r|m`h bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%

Jsme Jhqé: Amai}sc Rhlm& qc ahermarm ce cf úfri`h r|m`h bc fm ctwcbiaiñe%

Am|marc|àqriamq bc fmq c`lm|amaihecq srifizmbmq:

Cf lm|ah lmsrizmbh ah`h Qme Qmfvmbh|& mfimq Cf Wmiqmeh& aheqr|sibh wh| Bcqamfziahe `mbc|mq bc fmwmadh y s|sebmy c|m wfmeh& bc bhq w|hmq& ahe 3< wicq bc}siffm& =? bc `mekm& y 1=(< bc wsermf& `cbibm bc Wm|àq% Amfmlm << wsfkmbmq $;)%

Qc ceaher|mlm m|riffmbh ahe bhq am|hembmq y se wcb|c|h ahe hadh lmfmq bcl|heac% Y bhq amehmq aheqr|sibmq bc acb|h bcqriembmq mf |cahehaiìcerh w|cvihbs|merc fm emvckmaiñe bcf as|qh%

Whec`hq m aheqibc|maiñe bc oh|`m ie`cbimrm& cf bim|ih wc|qhemf bc emvckmaiñe}sc ffcvm|m mbcfmerc cf wifhrh irmfimeh Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi wm|m fh }sc osc fmCtwcbiaiñe bcqriembm m |cfcvm| bcf as|qh bc mksmq }sc ehq haswm h|kmeizmbm

ce cf mýh bc =4<? wh| fm bcehìembm Qhaicbmb bcf \àh Lc|`cjh%Amlc bcqrmam| }sc cf ìq`h osc |cbmarmbh cf <2 bc ml|if bc =41<& ce LscehqMi|cq& wh| asmerh fm bhas`cermaiñe h|ikiemf dmlàm qibh qcascqr|mbm wh|msrh|ibmbcq bcf khlic|eh bcf Wm|mksmy mf qc| bcrceibhq m fm mfrs|m bcf wscqrhbc Rmffi%

$;) ‖ahe se amfmbh bc <= wsfkmbmq y `cbim h bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m `cehq bhq y `cbim wsfkmbmq‐ehq rc|ìem bc mqcks|m|& Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ;

Whb|í cf fcarh| mbvc|ri| m r|mvéq bc fmq wmfml|mq bcf wifhrh aic|rh ceaheh y oiemi|heàm asmebh qc bi|ikc mf Ahìqihembh Qh|im& osebm`cermebh qs ctwhqiaiñe cefm iehwc|meaim wscqrm bc `meioicqrh wh| cqrc úfri`h ce fm ahebsaaiñe bc fmc`w|cqm& fmq ieecacqm|imq a|iriamq dcadmq wslfiamq m fm omfrm bc vcfm`ce y |c`hqce fmq c`lm|amaihecq aheqr|sibm wh| cf wifhrh& fmq marirsbcq bc bcqw|caih dmaimcf wc|qhemf ahe cf aheqcascerc bcacqh bc seh bc fhq wchecq& fh wm|riasfm| bc fmoh|`m bc w|cqcerm|qc merc fmq msrh|ibmbcq wm|mksmymq }sc asfìem ahe sembcrceaiñe wh| aieah mýhq wm|m rhbm fm r|iwsfmaiñe& fm whqrc|ih| cbiaiñe bc}sieicerhq cjc`wfm|cq bc se wfmeh bcf vimjc qie fm aheoh|`maiñe bc Bcqamfzi&wm|m asfìem| ahe se rmjmerc bcqwibh qie wmkh bc dheh|m|ih mfkseh & ah`h ymvc|c`hq%Biadh bim|ih ksm|bm wm|riasfm| am|marc|àqriam ce qs |cbmaaiñe% Bcqamfzi& }scffcvmlm cqamqh ric`wh bc |mbiamaiñe ce escqr|h wmàq& qs`mbh mfbcqahehaiìcerh bc fhq `hbiq`hq |ckihemfcq& |cmfizm se ceh|`c cqosc|zh mfr|mrm| bc vhfam| cf aherceibh bcf ìq`h mf cqwmýhf& ahe fhq aheqcascercq c||h|cqbc qiermtiq }sc ce qs fcars|m qc mbvc|ri|í& rh|eíebhfh se rmerh ah`wfcjh bc qc|ierc|w|crmbh%Wh| aheqiksicerc dc`hq bcrc|ìembh ce w|i`c| fskm|& ho|cac| sem vc|qiñe }scqs|kc bc fm ah`wifmaiñe cocarsmbm wh| cf w|hocqh|& bharh| Cqwhqri qsrif`cercmjsqrmbh mf ibih`m cqwmýhf& mah`wmýmbm ahe mfksemq hlqc|vmaihecq }scomaifirme qs ah`w|ceqiñe& wm|m fsckh qà& bm| m ahehac| cf rctrh h|ikiemf bc biadhbim|ih%Mbc`íq& ifsqr|mebh mf rctrh& qc mah`wmým|íe i íkcecq hlrceibmq bcf `mwm bc|cfcvmìcerh asym msrh|àm qà ah||cqwhebc mf Wifhrh bhe Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi%

BIM\IH MJSQRMBH Y HLQC\_MBH BC FM CTWCBIAIÑE MF LC\@CJHBCF MÝH BC =4<?% WH\ EIAHFÍQ BCQAMFZI%

Cf bàm <7 bc `myh bc =4<? rc|ìeé bc amfmomrcm| cf lm|ah ahe cf mstifih bcfm|khemsrm bhe Qh|im }sc qhfh `c bih se wh}sirh bc `mrc& vcme qs fil|iffh yfcc|íe m ohjmq =< $4) }sc éf rhbh fh dm dcadh& wc|h js|h }sc& ìcer|mq yh r|mlmjmlm&Qh|im amvifmlm añ`h whbc| dmac| wm|m cadm|fh rhbh m wc|bc| y vhfvc|qc m Qmfrm%

$Qc cadm cf lm|ah mf mksm)

Oiemf`cerc ffckñ cf bàm bc ì bcqk|maim& cf bàm rc||ilfc bc ì vibm& bàm }sc bcqbccerheacq eh qcerà ce `à& fm qmfsb wc|ocarm }sc mercq bc cqrc oie rceàm & cf bàm <=& cfìq`h ce }sc cf lm|ah $qc lhrñ) mf mksm%

$4) Dmac |coc|ceaim mf bcehìembh ‖Ieoh|`c bcf Ahìqihembh bc fm Qhaicbmb bcf |àh Lc|`cjh‐qsqa|irh wh| Wmlfh Qh|im%



4 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mf m`mecac| bc cqrc bàm bijc m Qh|im }sc diaicqc mffmem| cf amìeh }sc éf dmlàmdcadh ce fm lm||meam wm|m cadm| cf lm|ah mf mksm& cf }sc c|m `sy `mfh& ìcer|mqyh dm|àm whec| fhq wmfhq }sc dmlàme bc qc|vi| wm|m cadm| cf lm|ah mf mksm rhbhqbc se $ìq`h) k|hqh| y ffmehq& }sc mqà cf lm|ah i|àm mf mksm qie oh|acjcm|fh&|cqwhebiéebh`c }sc cf lm|ah i|í mf mksm ‖¸dh }sc cf bimlfh m bc qc|8 ‖$9)%

@c ffceé bc añfc|m y $`c) |cqhfvà m}scf bàm `h|i|& `mq lice }sc vc|`c ce fmaí|acf bc Qmfrm ahe ì dheh| wc|bibh wh| se dh`l|c ieom`c% Wsqc bclmjh bcflm|ah fhq wmfhq lice ceqclmbhq y ahe cf mwm|cjh wh| fm w|hm& fh r|mlm`hq ah`h m

Jsbmq& cer|crmerh ilm vieicebh `sadm kcerc wm|m vc| cadm| cf Lm|ah mf mksm&vieh cf bharh| $8) Fsam A|cai| y Bhe Jsme Nie& ah`wmýc|hq cqrhq úfri`hq& `cmysbm|he ahe cf mwm|cjh }sc dmlàm wscqrh bc whwm& dmqrm }sc cqrsvh cf lm|ah cefm h|iffm bcf mksm& wm|m mqà bm|fc cf úfri`h ri|ñe%Qh|im `c mlmebheñ rhrmf`cerc y qc w|cwm|ñ ahe k|mebcq m`cemzmq% Bijc yh m fhqwchecq }sc `c ffcvmqce se meafhrc ceai`m bc sem iqfm bc m|cem h lmeah }sccqrmlm ce `cbih bcf |àh wm|m $mqà) m`m||m|fc se amlfc y vm|m| cf lm|ah mffà ce amqhbc }sc diaicqc mksm%Bmbh }sc eiekseh }siqh i|& rhbhq qc dmlàme wscqrh ceai`m bc fm lm||meam aheQh|im m ì|m|& fiqrh $cqrc) }sizíq wm|m mw|cebc|`c ce amqh bc dmac| mksm cfLm|ah%Cerheacq `c wsqc cf meafhrc ce ì cqwmfbm y cadíebh`c mf mksm rhbh qsbmbh&fh ffcvé dmqrm cf lmeah& ìcer|mq @c|fh }sirmlm fhq mwm|cjhq bcf lm|ah%W|cwm|mbh mqà cf lm|ah wm|m bm|fc cf úfri`h ri|ñe& rhbhq qc wsqic|he ceai`m bc fmlm||meam m ì|m|% Mffí dml|àme asmebh `cehq bhqaicerhq dh`l|cq& rhbhq mì|m|% Yh m se wmqh m fm bc|cadm bc w|hm& ce fm h|iffm bcf mksm y @c|fh ce fmwhwm m fm iz}sic|bm& fhq bhq c`wsjmebh ahe cf fh`h mf Lm|ah wm|m `hvc|fh ‖}sc bc wh|qi m mlice amomfmbh‐ $=7) mf mksm& wscq qc ceaher|mlm ahe lmqrmerc bcafivc&wc|h múe mqà& eh whbàm`hq `hvc|fh%Qmfré m lh|bh ceai`m bc fm aslic|rm y vscfrh m rhbhq fhq mbì|mbh|cq y ì|mebhm Qh|im& js|é `h|i| ìf vcacq `íq mercq }sc r|mlmjm| ahe cffhq& wh|}sc `cjh| cq`h|i| }sc r|mlmjm| ahe sqrcbcq%

$9) ‖¸Dh }sc cf bimlfh m bc qc|8‐& ¸H }sé bimlfhq wiceqm dmac|8

$=7) ‖}sc bc wh| qi m mlice amomfmbh‐& bclc|àm fcc|qc ah`h ‖}sc wm|m ahf`h cqrmlm `sy liceamfmomrcmbh‐& $lice qsaih bc l|cm)%


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Qmfrh m ric||m& `c vhy m ì wfmzm m w|hm y k|iré m @c|fh: -¡Bc mffà& c`wsjñ @c|fh&c`wsjé yh& `hvicebh se whah - se rmerirh- cf lm|ah }sc ah`cezñ m bcqfizm|qc‖ah||c| ‐& ah||icebh |icqkh bc }scbm| ahe fmq wic|emq lmjh fm w|hm wscq dmlàm}scbmbh wckmbh ce fm l|cm& wc|h fikc|h& wsqc cf wic bc|cadh qhl|c cf ahqrmbh bcflm|ah y ahe osc|zm `c bcqwcksé& ri|íebh`c mf mksm wh| qcksebm vcz rhbhqsbmbh y ffceh bc moíe%

$Amikh ceoc|`h)

Cqrmebh cf Lm|ah y yh ce cf mksm& k|irmlme rhbhq ‖ceqic`m h m fmksm‐ $==) |cwcribmqvcacq y qc ffceñ bc kcerc& yh fcq w|ckseré qi dmlàm mksm mbcer|h y `cahercqrm|he }sc ‖c|m‖cqrmlm qcah& fh ìq`h }sc ce ric||m% Qh|im hyñ cqrh bcqbcfm lm||meam y qc wsqh cer|c m`m|iffh y vc|bc y qc osc mf |meadh% Qmriqocadh‖aheqhfmbh‐ ahe ì r|mlmjh& ‖`c‐ qslà m lh|bh y vi }sc ‖c|m‐ cqrmlm rhrmf`cercqcah%

C|m ym fm sem y `cbim bc fm rm|bc y eh ‖`c‐ dmlàm bcqmysembh rhbmvàm& `c osimf |meadh wm|m ah`c| c ieviré ‖ahevibé ‐ m A|cai| y Nie% R|mjc|he fm ahìbm y yheh wsbc ah`c|& ‖qc `c osc fmksm‐& wcbà se whah bc mksm|bicerc rh`é se r|mksirhy `c }scbc se |mrh eh qé ah`h& amycebh fsckh mf qscfh ah`h `sc|rh% @cwsqic|he ceai`m bc se rmlfmbh bc m}scffhq }sc cf bioserh Ofmebcq& dmlàm r|màbhmffà% Bhe Jsme Nie bijh m A|cai|& éqrc qc `sc|c fh ìq`h }sc Ofmebcq%Qh|im qc ceaher|mlm haswmbh ce qc|vi| m Qmfrm& m Bhe _iarh|ieh Qhfí m BheMerheih Ah|ecjh& cra%& bíebhfcq wm|rc bc }sc cf ls}sc qc cadñ mf mksm ahe fmocfiaibmb bc eh dmac| sem khrm bc mksm ‖y‐ wibiéebhfcq }sc fc `mebce fm kcercbcqriembm m fm r|iwsfmaiñe& `hqr|mebh `sadm mfck|àm ‖`hqr|mlm ce qsq am|rmq`hadh ahercerh‐ ìcer|mq rceàm afmvmbh se mksbh wsýmf ce qs ah|mzñe%@c|fh qc osc m H|íe m wm|riaiwm| ahe qsq mìkhq bc fm mfck|àm ‖ahercerh‐ bc lhrm|cf lm|ah%

$@iq bcqvm|àhq)

Cf bàm << m fm rm|bc ah`ceaé bc bcqwc|rm| bc ì fcrm|kh wc|h bcqvm|imebh`sadh% Ahe ìq bcqvm|àhq Qh|im ahehaiñ ‖bc }sc yh fh mlim wcecr|mbh mqrm m

ohebh‐& wh|}sc ce cqrc cqrmbh dmlfmlm fm vc|bmb% Fc wcbàm yh m @c|fh }sc eh`c bcjc dmqrm cf `h`cerh bc escqr|m qmfibm% - ¸_c }sc Qh|im `c mlmebheñqhfh8-> - Sqrcb qmlc }sc cf }sc|àm qmfi| ahe cf |àh a|caibh y }sc ricec ìcbh bcqmfi| ahe |àh lmjh& ym vc }sc `c mlmebhem wm|m }sc qc cadc m wc|bc| rhbh yasfwm|`c wh| |cqsfrm| ieamwmz-%

$==) ‖ceqic`m h m fmksm‐& qhl|c fm lm||meam h bcer|h bcf mksm



=7 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$@c bcq`myh m lh|bh)

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jm`íq%

$Qc c`lm|ame fhq % m lh|bh)

Cf bàm <2 m fm %y %%bc fm `mýmem `c qcerà mfkh mfivimbh y `c osi m lh|bh bcflm|ah ahe @c|fh% Eieh Qhfm `c bijh }sc c|m w|caiqh ffcvm| cf lm|ah m Wizm||h$}sc mqà qc ffm`m cf fskm| }sc Qh|im ffm`ñ Wmfam bc Qh|im) $=1)

Bijc m @c|fh }sc diaicqc c`lm|am| rhbhq fhq r|mqrcq m lh|bh& `cehq fhq wmfhqwm|m dmac| fhq |c`hq& }sc qcks|m`cerc qi `c `cjh|mqc& eh vme m omfrm| |c`hq%Wh| mdh|m qhe qsoiaicercq asmr|h bc fhq asmfcq seh cq `sy k|mebc wm|m qc|vi| bcri`ñe%

$=<) Fhq wserhq qsqwceqivhq |coic|ce qcks|m`cerc m wmfml|mq ieiercfikilfcq wm|m }sicecqcocarsm|he fm w|i`c|m cbiaiñe bcf w|cqcerc bim|ih%

$=1) Qc r|mrm bcf qirih bceh`iembh Jsermq bcf Lc|`cjh ahe cf K|mebc& mf }sc Qh|im |clmsrizñah`h Wmfam bc Qh|im%



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==

Cf bàm <3 m`mecaiñ km|smebh& `mebñ Qh|im m vm|imq wc|qhemq m Wizm||h wh|

ric||m wm|m w|cwm|m| fmq |cqcq wm|m dmac| adm|}sc wm|m fm w|hviqiñe bcf vimjc y`c bijh m `à }sc dhy dc`hq bc i| m Wizm||h h cf bimlfh dm|í bc fmq qsymq% Fcw|ckseré yh ahe }sé kcerc y `c |cqwhebiñ& dc`hq bc i| m Wizm||h h qc|í cfbc`heih%

$Qh|im }sic|c }sc wic|bm cf lm|ah ce fmq rhqamq)

Mffà cqrmlm @c|fh& cf amfmomrc Km|aàm& Wcb|irh ceoc|`h& Qh|im& bicz iebihq @mrmahqy yh }sc bcqbc cf bàm <7 eh dmlàm w|hlmbh se lhambh bc ah`ibm& ei qi}sic|m`mrc& qhfh ahe `i `mf `c mfi`cermlm%

Ei sem khrm bc mksm amficerc& cf a|scf }sc|àm }sc `s|icqc h cadm|m m wc|bc| cflm|ah ce fmq rhqamq }sc dmy ce cf bcqc`lh}sc bcf |àh Qmerm @m|àm ñ ce fmqwicb|mq }sc dmy `mq mlmjh ‖mlmqirh‐mercq bc ffckm| m Wizm||h& mf }sc ffm`me Wmqhbc Qmebhm%Cf lí|lm|h qi yh `c `h|àm dslic|m biadh ahe cqrc ilm y ahe hr|h eh $=2) }sic|h yqi qc wc|bàm cf lm|ah `c dslic|m masqmbh bc ieqsoiaicerc y `c dslic|m dcadh`h|i| ce sem aí|acf& wc|h mse}sc yh c|m `mfh Bihq rhbmvàm eh `c dmlàmmlmebhembh%

$=2)‐Cf lí|lm|h qi yh `c `h|àm dslic|m biadh ahe cqrc ilm y ahe hr|h eh‐& mf wm|cac| %ehq`scqr|m aic|rh bcqierc|éq bc Qh|im wh| ffcvm| mbcfmerc fm ctwcbiaiñe



=< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Qmfkh wh| Wizm||h h Wmfam bc Qh|im)

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Qh|im ilm bc whwm m w|hm y bc w|hm m whwm%Wm|caàm }sc r|mlmjmlm ah`h se k|me `m|ieh y `c c`l|hffmlm cf ls}sc y ìqqceribhq%Fc bcaàm& -Qhqiékscqc ì|c }sc qc wscbc |cqlmfm|& }sc fm aslic|rm cqrí cek|mqmbmy `hjmbm y qc fmqri`m|í sqrcb%- Y `íq qc mkirmlm cerheacq ahe qsq lhrmqah||icebh bc m}sà wm|m mffí% Amqsmf`cerc qc |cqlmfm ahe cf wh|riffh bc fm w|hm`cricebh sem wic|em mbcer|h& khfwcmebh ahe qsq ahqriffmq& qicebh rmf cf khfwc}sc eh qc wmqcñ `íq%

$\àh Qmerm @m|àm)

Wh| fm ehadc m`m||m`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam w|ñti`m m fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf\àh Qmerm @m|àm& dmlicebh amìembh cqc bàm se asm|rh bc fcksm%

M fm ehadc qic`w|c qcksàm km|smebh y ce m}scf cqrmbh bc fm ceoc|`cbmbwc|`mecaàm rhbh `hjmbh y eh rceàm ml|ikh wscq fm aslic|rm eh qc ceaher|mlmamfmomrcmbm%

Fhq iebihq qc }sc|àme i| wc|h m osc|zm bc m`cemzmq qc }scbm|he% Cf amfmomrc qccqamwñ% Wcb|irh }sc qiksc ceoc|`h% Fc bijc m Qh|im }sc `mebc wh| mfkúe wcñe

‖a|iqrimeh‐ wm|m whbc| wmqm| fmq rhqamq& `c |cqwhebiñ: - ¡Am|mjh& dc`hq bc i| mWizm||h h qc|í cf bc`heih-%



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =1

Fc ahercqré }sc ffcvmlm aieah bàmq ahe ì ceoc|`cbmb y eh rsvh fm lhebmbqi}sic|m bc qhah||c|`c ahe se whah bc mksm rilim% I|c`hq m Wizm||h y eh wiceqc}sc vhy m wc|bc| cf lm|ah%

Qi yh `sc|h rceb|í sqrcb }sc ‖iesfr|m|qc‐ $=3) ecf Admah& mffí yh `h|i|é ahe ìceoc|`cbmb wc|h sqrcb rm`liée `h|i|í wh| omfrm| yh m lh|bh%

Cf bàm <? m`mecaiñ bc fm ìq`m oh|`m& cqrh cq km|smebh% Cf lsce @c|fh m osc|zmbc cjcasrm| ahe fm amehm k|mebc }sc rceàm`hq ìq `mebmbhq& ffcvmebh $ )m}sà& mffà y mffí& fhk|m`hq wmqm| fmq rhqamq bc Qmerm @m|àm% Qc dizh bc`mqimbhrm|bc wm|m wmqm| fmq Wicb|mq bc Qmebsm% Mqà ce cqrc bàm amìem`hq ah`h 177esbhq y m`m||m`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam% Fc bijc m @c|fh }sc `c dmkm cf licebc dmac| osckh& wc|h eh wsbh& rhbh cqrmlm `hjmbh%]sc|àm amfcerm| mksm ahe se whah bc mzúam| wm|m dmac|`c sem qhwm bc kmffcrmqqie fcvmbs|m $mqà fmq `mebñ dmac| Qh|im ce Jsjsy& wh| fh `sadh }sc yh fc ieqiqrà}sc dmyme kmffcrmq m lh|bh) y mqà ahe cqrmq kmffcrmq `c diac sem qhwirm ahe mksmo|àm bcf |àh y se whah bc mzúam| y ah`à bc cqrm se wh}sirh& cq $ ) |milfc fhqhqas|caiìcerhq bc viqrm }sc `c bmlme%

Cf bàm <; m`mecaiñ afm|h y wmqé fmq wicb|mq bc Qmebúm%

$Ffckmbm m Wizm||h)

Cf bàm <4 wh| fm `mýmem ffcksé m Wizm||h& biqrmerc ah`h bhq asmb|mq bc fmbcqc`lhambs|m bcf |àh k|mebc bc Jsjsy% Qh|im osc m bhebc qc ceaher|mlme fhqasqrhbihq bc fmq |cqcq m sem biqrmeaim bc `cbim fcksm& wserh `íq ac|ameh wm|mwhbc| am|ecm| qhl|c rc||ceh oi|`c& wh|}sc mffà rhbh cq lmýmbh y rhbmvàm cqrmlmdú`cbh wh| fm a|caicerc% Yh `c }scbé ahe @c|fh y Wcb|irh& }sc ym qcceaher|mlm lice y wscqrh }sc ym cqrílm`hq ce Wizm||h& fc `mebé r|mc| se whahbc am|ec bc sem |cq |caiée omcembm y mwcemq vhfviñ fc diac w|cwm|m| amfbh yrh`é se whah% @c aheoh|rñ lmqrmerc& mse}sc `c aheoh|rñ `íq cf dcadh bcdmlc|qc ibh bc ì viqrm cf whfàriah mqcqieh%

$=3) ‖Iesfr|m|qc‐: Qc vc|í ieúrif%



=2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$M|`é fmq am|hembmq)

Cf bàm <9 rh`é ws|km bc a|c`h|& sem bhqiq adiam% M fm rm|bc `c qcerà `mqmfivimbh% Diac w|cwm|m| m @c|fh wm|m r|mlmjm| ce fmq as|cýmq $=?) bc fmqam|hembmq $=;) }sc c|me bhq& bcf amfil|c =< y ah|rirhq%

$Ffckmbm bc escqr|h c}siwmjc)

M fhq whahq bàmq ffckm|he Bhe Merheih Ah|ecjh& _iarh|ieh Qhfí y cf qcýh|H|`mcadcm ahe fhq qhfbmbhq y se rceicerc }sc mah`wmýmlme m <2 whah bclsceh& bcqriembhq m escqr|h lm|ah% Fhq wsqc m dmac| rmahq wm|m fmq am|hembmq&

bc sem yc|lm }sc ffm`me lm|lm y qmfàme `sy lscehq%Diac dmac| am|rsadhq y lhfqmq bc `cr|mffm& r|mjc|he cf wcb|c|h $=4) y cf l|heac&}sc Qh|im `c dmlàm biadh& ahe hadh lmfmq bcf rm`mýh bc fm lham bcf wcb|c|h yah`h rceàme fm lham cadm m m`lhq fmbhq& fmq lmfmq whbàme qc|vi| bc rmwñe% Bcm}sà qc wscbc ieoc|i| fm qmlibs|àm bcf h|ksffhqh Qh|im%

$@i ceoc|`cbmb qc bcafm|m adsadh rc|aimem h ahribimem)

Mf `cbih bcf lm|ah dmlàm m|`mbh sem cqwcaic bc aí`m|m& ahe bhq am`m|hrcq%Seh bcqriembh m Qh|im y cf hr|h wm|m `à y }sc wh| fh `cehq ml|ikmlm bcf |haàh%

Ahe fm ffckmbm bc cqrhq r|cq qcýh|cq& acbà ì am`m|hrc m Bhe Merheieh wh| qc| cf`mq vicjh y bh|`à bhq ehadcq mf qc|ceh& c`wch|mebh lmqrmerc& bcvhfviéebh`cì am`m|hrc bhe Merheieh% Rhbhq fhq bàmq m fm rm|bc cq asmebh `mq `c mws|mlmfm oicl|c& bc `mec|m }sc ym qc dmlàm bcafm|mbh fm ceoc|`cbmb ce ‖adsadhahribimeh‐%

$Qh|im `c dmlfm bc A|cai|)

Qh|im `c qhfàm bcai| qic`w|c }sc A|cai| }sc|àm vcei| m lh|bh ahe ehqhr|hq y }sc

}sc|àm r|mc| sehq wmrmahecq bc rmlmah%

$=?) Am||h bhebc qc `herm cf amýñe%

$=;) Amýhecq ah|rhq bc k|scqh amfil|c

$=4) Amýñe ah|rh ahe qiìfirsbcq mf `h|rc|h y }sc fmezm wicb|mq%




Ambm vcz }sc `c dmlfmlm bc cqrh fc bcaàm }sc qc|àm `sy lsceh aherm| aheA|cai| m lh|bh wh|}sc cericebc mfkh bc `m|iem& wc|h }sc cf rmlmah wcfik|mlm`sadh wh| vm|imq ahqmq> w|i`c|h wh|}sc cf lm|ah c|m `sy bélif y eh cqrmlmw|cwm|mbh wm|m am|km| embm& qcksebh }sc amfm|c`hq `mq mksm y ehqceaher|m|c`hq `mq ctwscqrhq m vm|m|& rc|ac|h }sc mf qso|i| se r|h`wiañe aher|mmfksem ahqm y qi cf lm|ah r|mc mbcer|h 277 m||hlmq `íq& qc|í se r|h`wiañe }scc}sivmfb|í m sem `mqm bc 277 m||hlmq $=9) & }sc escqr|h lm|ah c|m `sy bélif y ehcqrmlm wm|m cqrmq admezmq y asm|rh }sc qi fhq iebihq ehq diaicqce fm ksc||m ehqahevceb|àm rcec| cf lm|ah fh `mq mfivimbh }sc osc|m whqilfc& wh|}sc amfmebh`mq mksm whb|àm`hq vm|m| ce mfkúe bcqwfmymbh y mqà fhq iebihq bm|ehq semlh|bmjc% Rm`liée qi fhq iebihq ehq dmace fm ksc||m& ‖rceb|c`hq }sc qmfrm| fhq bhqqmfrm| }sc biace rcec|& amlmf`cerc ce bhebc fhq iebihq cqríe `mfhq‐ $<7) y wm|m qmfrm|fhcq `cecqrc| emvckm| ahe cf lm|ah vmaàh& wh|}sc qc wscbce mofhjm| fmq rmlfmq ycerheacq qc| vàari`m bc fhq iebihq% Rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq fc bcaàm y `íq& bcaàm }scffckmebh cf amqh bc }sc fhq iebihq ehq dmkme fm ksc||m rhbh fh }sc eh qcm bcctr|c`m ecacqibmb i|í mf mksm& wh|}sc yh ce rmf amqh eh |cqwhebc|àm wh| fm vibmbc embic& }sc vicqc lice cerheacq ah`h r|mrm|àm ahe A|cai|%

$Ffckmbm bc A|cai|)

Mf oie fiqrh }sc osc|m cf adm|}sc ahe rhbh fh bc`íq& vieh A|cai| ahe =< wmrmamqbc rmlmah& bc qciq m||hlmq ambm seh% Qh|im qc bclc bc dmlc| ah`w|h`cribh mr|mc|fc cf rmlmah& wh|}sc yh `c ceaher|mlm ceoc|`h y ecacqirm|àm bc A|cai|%

$Bhe _iarh|ieh ehq bm fmq ctwcbiaihecq)

Bhe _iarh|ieh Qhfm c|m cf khlc|embh| ierc|ieh bc M|cemfcq y cf ehq bih escqr|hqbcqwmadhq& rmf asmf Qh|im fhq biarñ y c|me bc cqrm qsc|rc:‖ Mdà vm cf qcýh| Bhe Wmlfh Qh|im& m w|mariam| cf |cahehai`icerh bcf \àhLc|`cjh& cevimbh wh| fm Qhaicbmb ffm`mbm bcf Lc|`cjh& w|hrckibm wh| rhbmq fmqW|hvieaimq seibmq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm y |hkm`hq m fmq Emaihecq m`ikmq bc

mstifim|fh& w|hrckc|fh& cra% cra% Ahe cf lm|ah Qme Qmfvmbh| mfimq Cf Wmiqmeh&c}siwmbh wh| cf wifhrh Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi y cf c}siwmjc ah||cqwhebicerc ‐

$=9) Asm|rm wm|rc bc se }siermf> ==&37< nkq%

$<7) Rceb|c`hq }sc qmfrm| fhq bhq qmfrm| }sc biace rcec|& amlmf`cerc ce bhebc fhq iebihq cqríe `mfhq‐ &bclc fcc|qc ah`h ‖ rceb|c`hq }sc wmqm| fhq bhq qmfrhq }sc biace rcec| $cf as|qh bcf Lc|`cjh)&mffà bhebc fhq iebihq qhe `mq dhqrifcq‐



=? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Cf c}siwmjc)

Amwiríe: Wmlfh Qh|imWifhrh: Eiahfíq Bcqamfzi& m 37 wcqhq ceqsmfcq%Aher|m`mcqr|c: Jsme Jhqé amemfcq& m 4 wcqhq%Bcqwceqc|h: Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h m =7 wcqhq%

Wchecq h `m|iec|hq:

O|meaiqah Om|àmq m ? wcqhq%Kml|icf Qíeadcz m ? wcqhq%

Jsqrh Wmqrh| m ? wcqhq%Fsaimeh Ofh|cq m ? wcqhq%

Cqrhq asmr|h `s|ic|he% Cf w|i`c|h eh |cailiñ embm y fhq hr|hq |cailic|he =<wcqhq eh`íq ambm seh%

Fh|cezh Ofh|cq m ? wcqhq%Mfcjmeb|h Qmfm m ? wcqhq%Wcb|h Mlme m ? wcqhq%@m|ah H|riz m ? wcqhq%

@m|ràe \ivc|h m ? wcqhq%Rhbhq cqrhq |cailic|he =< wcqhq ambm seh%

Qi`ñe \siz m ? wcqhq%Mrmemqih Ieam m ? wcqhq%

Jhqé Ficeb|c m ? wcqhq%O|meaiqah Amqriffh m ? wcqhq%Em|aiqh Bàmz m ? wcqhq%Bh`iekh Adh}sc m ? wcqhq%

Se ieré|w|crc rhlm }sc bcqc|rñ%

Wmqmjc|h bhe Fsàq A|cai|%

Cer|c rhbm cqrm kcerc eh dmlàm eiekúe `m|ieh& ei Qh|im& ei cf aher|m`mcqr|c& ei cfbcqwceqc|h& embic& qhfh cf wmqmjc|h A|cai|%

@c|fh dslic|m vceibh wc|h Qh|im eh }siqh wmkm|fc fhq vcierc wcqhq `ceqsmfcq



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =;

}sc éqrc wcbàm% Dmlàm rm`liée r|cq wm|mksmyhq m fhq }sc eh fcq }siqh wmkm|&}sc|àm }sc fh qi|vicqce wh| qs fiebm am|m%

$Mbvc|rceaim }sc dmkh m Qh|im)

Fc bijc yh m Qh|im }sc eh dmkm ahfham| m}scffmq wmfml|mq ‖w|hrckibm wh| rhbmqfmq W|hvieaimq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm‐& }sc qc|àm se bcafm|m| fm ksc||m mf Wm|mksmy&úeiam emaiñe wh| fm }sc dmlàm`hq bc wmqm| y }sc eh c|m wm|rc bc fmq W|hvieaimqSeibmq& wh|}sc fhq amai}scq bcf Admah eh ehq ilme m wcbi| escqr|hq wmwcfcq yahe cqrmq ctw|cqihecq adham|àm`hq bc`mqimbh ahe cf khlic|eh bcf Wm|mksmy%Bhe _iarh|ieh bcaàm fh ìq`h wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ& cerheacq bijh Bhe

_iarh|ieh& fcq bm|é se hoiaih wm|m O|meaim $<=) y Qh|im eh fh }siqh& mf aher|m|ih}sc|àm qckúe bc`hqr|mlm m`cemzm| mf Wm|mksmy%

$Amfibmb bc escqr|h c}siwmjc)

Cer|c cf c}siwmjc qc ceaher|mlme Qmfksc|h y Amqriffh ah`h úeiahq vhfserm|ihq&fhq bc`íq c|me oh|zmbhq& ‖cqrhcq fhq $ ) `mq‐% Fhq }sc omfrme bc fhq <2 r|màbhqbcqc|rm|he& bc cer|c fhq bcqc|rh|cq bhq c|me dc|`mehq }sc osc|he w|cqhq ceH|me ‖ìcer|mq yh cqrmlm ce Qilc|im‐ wh|}sc dmlàme `mrmbh m qs wmb|c wm|mbiqo|srm| bc qs `mb|c `mq m ksqrh% Se wcñe bcqc|rñ ce cf amìeh% Wcb|h Mlíedmlàm `sc|rh bc sem wsýmfmbm m qs ìq`m cqwhqm bcfmerc bcf khlc|embh| bc

Jsjsy& cra% cra% Fhq bc`íq c|me |cafsrmq bcqc|rh|cq bc m}scffhq }sc fhq qmfrcýhqcevimlme m Lscehq Mi|cq wm|m dmac| fm ksc||m m fhq L|mqifcýhq%

$<=) Jhqé Kmqwm| \hb|àkscz bc O|meaim& |ikiñ fhq bcqriehq bcf Wm|mksmy bcqbc =4=2 dmqrm qs`sc|rc has||ibm ce =427%



=4 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm| cf vimjc)

@sadmq vcacq dmlàm biadh yh m Qh|im }sc eh wibicqc kcerc mf khlic|eh& wh|}sccf khlic|eh ehq bm|àm kcerc `mfm y ffcem bc bcfirhq& wc|h Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm|cf vimjc% Yh qic`w|c fc bcaàm }sc qi `c r|mjcqc w|cqhq eh qcksi|àm cf vimjc& }sc}sc|àm vhfserm|ihq y }sc fhq wmkmqc& wc|h |cwirh& Qh|im eh }sc|àm cjcasrm| cfvimjc% Úfri`m`cerc asmebh cfikiñ mfksehq lscehq cqrhq eh }siqic|he vcei|&@c|fh& fhq wm|mksmyhq y Wcb|irh% @c bijh Qh|im: -Dc biadh m Bhe _iarh|ieh }sccq w|caiqh qc| bcqmoh|mbhq wm|m c`w|cebc| rmf vimjc ahe qc`cjmerc kcerc%-

Yh fc ahercqré: -Sqrcb `c dm omfrmbh ce rhbh-% -Cqrhy `sy ceoc|`h y

qcks|m`cerc wh| mffà mlmjh `h|i|é y sqrcb qcks|m`cerc rm`liée `h|i|í qi ehdmac wm|m| ì ceoc|`cbmb h qieric|m }sc mfkseh bijcqc wh| mffà }sc bc ahlm|bc`c diac cf ceoc|`h wm|m eh qcksi| cf vimjc-% -Yh dmqrm m}sà dc rceibh rhbhq fhqwcqm|cq y fhq r|mlmjhq dmqrm wc|bc| ì qmfsb- % - @íq mlmjh qc|é ce ìq `mfcqaheqhfmbh wh|}sc sqrcb rm`liée qc i|í m wi}sc y wc|cac|í& fh }sc }sic|h cq }scqmfkm`hq bc sem vcz%-

$@iq bcqchq bc qmfi| mf Admah)

Se bcqch rceàm& cf bc qmfi| c ierc|em|`c ce cf Admah wm|m bcqameqm| bc sem vcz&wscq ym eh whbàm qhwh|rm| ìq `mfcq y ìq r|mlmjhq& wscq mffà `c wm|caàm |cksfm|}sc ambm seh w|has|m|m dmac| fh whqilfc wm|m aheqc|vm| qs w|hwim vibm&r|mlmjmebh& asibmebh cra% y wh| aheqiksicerc mqà bm| se whah bc bcqameqh m ìbélif asc|wh h lice `h|i| bc sem vcz%

$Qmfibm bc Wizm||h wh| Wmfam)

Cqrmebh fiqrhq wm|m `m|adm| qc bcqwmadh m rhbm fm kcerc }sc eh i|àme m lh|bh&cqrh cq fhq qhfbmbhq ahe qs hoiaimf fhq }sc bclàme mksm|bm|ehq ce cf wscqrh bc@mb|ikmf% Bhe _iarh|ieh& Bhe Merheih y cf qcýh| H|`mcadcm }scbm|he mlh|bhwm|m emvckm| cqrc r|cadh }sc dmy bcqbc Wizm||h dmqrm cf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf%Qh|im qc osc wh| ric||m m r|mc| fmq bhq amehirmq y yh }scbé bc i| ahe cf lm|ah dmqrm

fm Jserm wm|m mksm|bm|fh m sem biqrmeaim ah`h bc m bhq asmb|mq%




@mebé bcqm`m||m| cf lm|ah y ahe lhrmbh|cq m c`wsjm| cf lm|ah wm|m mfcjm|fh sewhah bc fm h|iffm y bcjm|ehq i| mf qhe bcf am`mfhrc& wscqrh }sc cf |àh ilm `sylsceh y `meqh% A|cai| qc wsqh m mflh|hrm|& bc rmf qsc|rc }sc eh dmlàm ce rhbh cflm|ah $ ) |c`hq& k|irmlm m}sà y mdà $ )& yh }scbé qh|w|cebibh bc vc| m sewmqmjc|h rh`m| whqcqiñe ahe rmerh mdàeah& `c }scbé se fm|kh |mrh hlqc|vmebh&dmqrm }sc qmfré m w|hm& }siré fhq |c`hq& ieri`é m qifceaih m rhbhq y h|bceé m fhqwchecq }sc qhfm`cerc fh }sc yh `mebm|m qc bclàm bc dmac|% Bi ohebh ahe cfmeafm ceo|cerc ìq`h bc fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf \àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy& ce ohebhbc m|cem y $ %) rc|aimq bc w|hosebibmb% Cf \àh bc Jsjsy eh rceàm `íq }sc semrc|aim bc ohebh& vcme ì wfmeh%

Cqrc osc cf wserh bc escqr|m qmfibm qckúe fmq h|bcecq bc ctwcbiaiñe bcf lm|ah&wc|h wh| fmq hlqc|vmaihecq mqr|heñìamq cf wserh oijmbh osc cf @hq}sirmf&wh|}sc m}sà eh diac eieksem hlqc|vmaiñe y Qh|im ìcerc wh|}sc yh ffcvmlm cfbc||hrc|h m fcy bc cqri`m ah`h ym fh dc ctwfiambh% Osc cf bàm =; bc jseih bc =4<?

$y eh cf }sieac ah`h biac Qh|im) asmebh cqrsvi`hq ce fm Jserm h Wmfam& ahe cflm|ah Qme Qmfvmbh| mfimq Wmiqmeh& ahe se amfmbh bc <= wsfkmbmq y `cbim h bhqrc|aimq bc vm|m `cehq bhq y `cbim wsfkmbmq& fiqrhq wm|m mr|hwcffm| mf K|meAdmah& c}siwmbhq fm `myh| wm|rc wh| omaiec|hqhq& m|`mbhq ahe bhq am|hembmqbc m =< ce ahfizm& sem m whwm y fm hr|m m w|hm& se wcb|c|irh bc m seh ahe hadhlmfmq bc l|heac se whah `mq adiamq }sc fm amlczm bc Qh|im% $Bcqwséq A|cai| dizhamýhrhq bc wfh`h bcf amfil|c bcf wcb|c|h)& <9 osqifcq& sem rc|ac|hfm mf ahqrmbh bcQh|im& bhq wm|cq bc wiqrhfmq wm|m sqh bcf Ahìqihembh y se wm| `íq wm|m ìsqh% ¸Y }sé `íq8& rm`liée se wieadmqmwhq h cqwmbm ahe qs amlh bh|mbh bcfAmwiríe Kcec|mf Ctacfceràqi`h Qcýh| Bhe Qh|im& ìf am|rsadhq bc osqif y ?7 wm|m

fmq am|hembmq& ahe qcqcerm lhfqmq bc `cr|mffm bc m =77 y =47 lmfmq bc hezm% Selm||if iebih bc wñfvh|m y `sadmq lmfmq bc hezm% Asmr|h meafhrcq& bhq ambcemq y



<7 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

amlfcq y `hrhecq& cra% R|cq amehmq& sem k|mebc y bhq adi}sirmq bcqriembmq wm|mi| mbcfmerc qhebcmebh cf |àh }sc qhe fmq }sc diac ce Qilc|im y }sc osc m r|mc|

Qh|im& asmr|h |c`hq }sc yh r|mlmjé ahe ìq w|hwimq `mehq & mse}sc Qh|im biaceh dmlc| `íq }sc se |c`h& ei ri`ñe& ei vcfmq cra%

Qi eh dslh `mq |c`hq cq wh|}sc eh dslh }sice fhq dmkm& qi eh dslh ri`ñedmlàm se |c`h `sy lsceh }sc fh qswfàm & ‖ wh| fm ìqc|mlfc ah`wmýàm bcf lm|ah ‖& qieh dslh wmfh ahe vcfm& cq wh|}sc eh fh ecacqirílm`hq& bc`mqimbh mwm|cjhr|màm`hq& ‖ ahe r|mc| lmqrmerc `íq wm|m dmac| `mrc y ahe fhq omaiec|hqhq& }sé `mq}sc|àm`hq& bc`mqimbh mwm|cjmbhq cqrílm`hq& y bcqwséq qi dslic|m qsacbibh mfksem

wmvmbm ce cf amìeh ahe rh`m| mfkúe wsc|rh bc fhq \cycq bcf Admah cq lice qcks|h }scehq dslic|me qhah||ibh ahe fh }sc ricece ce qsq m|qcemfcq‐%

$Ehrm)

Qh|im biac }sc eh rceàm`hq `mq }sc se |c`h y A|cai| mk|ckm }sc eiekseh%Wm|cac }sc }sc|àme m|`m| m Qme Qmfvmbh| ah`h sem kmfc|m% Yh bikh rm`liée}sc rceàm`hq whahq wc|h ei Qh|im ei A|cai| r|mlmjm|he ce eiekseh bc fhq }scdmlàm% Bikh yh }sc rceàm`hq `mq |c`hq }sc |c`c|hq& mqà qmam|é fm ascerm yh bcfhq |c`hq y }sc Qh|im qm}sc bc fhq |c`c|hq% Fm úeiam ascerm }sc qmah cq fm bc

fhq |c`hq dcadhq wh| ì w|hwim `meh y hjmfm `c wmkmqce wh| fm dcads|m bccffhq }sc rhbmvàm `c fm bclce% Se |c`h `sy k|mebc wm|m khlc|em| y aieah `mqahe cf lm|ah% Aieah wm|m fm amehm k|mebc seh bc cffhq se whah `mq fm|kh wm|mkhlc|em| fm amehm y r|cq `mq adiahq }sc c|me wm|m sem amehm `mq adiam% ]sc‖mqceqh‐ qc bcjh ffcvm| wh| cf |àh ce ric`wh bc a|caicerc wc|biéebhqc bhq |c`hq`íq% Rhbhq cqrmlme m lh|bh y osc|he dcadhq wh| `à ce cf @hq}sirmf ce fhq bàmqbc oicqrm asmebh fhq wchecq ilme m H|íe y c|me bc `mbc|m wcri|ilà& cf |c`h fm|khbc fm amehm k|mebc fh lhkmlm cf wcñe Qi`ñe \siz ‖bm se wh|riffh bm Amehe‐% @sylice& bc `mec|m }sc c|me bhac |c`hq `mq asmr|h bc fmq amehirmq& dcadhq bcacb|h& `sy dc|`hqhq y bc fsjh& dcadhq rm`liée wh| `à y bhq wmfhq `mq rm`liée

wm|m fmq bhq amehirmq rm`liée dcadhq wh| `à% Qm}sc mdh|m fm ascerm Qh|im& bcfhq |c`c|hq%

Mf whah |mrh ffckñ Qh|im ahe fmq bhq amehirmq y ehq wsqi`hq m amìem| fh `cjh|whqilfc& ahe fmq amehirmq wh| bcfmerc wc|h c|me amqi ieúrifcq wh| eh qmlc|fmqkhlc|em| escqr|hq amehc|hq& bc qsc|rc }sc cf lm|ah y fmq amehmq ilme fh ìq`h}sc Bhe ]sijhrc y Qmeadh y fm qsc|rc }sc ehqhr|hq rceàm`hq cq }sc eh dmlàm`hfiehq `mfhq& }sc qi fhq dslicqc eh ceaher|m|àm`hq wicbmb ce fhq `hfiec|hq$ fhq iebihq) bcf Admah& wh|}sc ehq bcjm|àme cqr|cffm|ehq wm|m fsckh ah`c|ehqmqmbhq ce rmjmbmq y dmac| bc escqr|mq amfmvc|mq rmzmq wm|m lclc| qckúe cf sqh



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <=

m`c|iameh $<<)%

M fmq bhq bc fm rm|bc wm|caàm }sc ym bclc|àm`hq cqrm| ce cf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf&fskm| bhebc bclc|àm dmlc| kcerc mksm|bíebhehq& y bc ìcbh bc wmqm| bc seohebh& wh|}sc mffà bclàm`hq bcqc`lm|am| m fhq r|cq qcýh|cq }sc rceàm`hq mlh|bh% Cf rc||ceh m}sà c|m lmjh h wch| bcai| lmýmbhq& bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbàmmebm| qie ceomekm|qc y c|m ieúrif wceqm| ce cevim| mfkseh bc fhq escqr|hq celsqam bc fhq bc`íq mf wscqrh% Bhe _iarh|ieh bijh% ‑ ¸Añ`h dm|c`hq wm|mdmac|ehq ehrm|8-% ‑Wscq mdh|m fh vc|í-& bijc yh% Am|ksé sem am|hembm& rm`liéefc wsqc semq wicb|mq wm|m ri|m| m sem qcýmf y w|hlm|`c }sc rmf m|riffc|h c|m yh yah`h cf |sibh c|m |cksfm| wm|m }sc hycqce fhq }sc ehq mksm|bmlme% Fmq wicb|mq

}sc wsqc ce fm am|hembm fmq r|màm`hq m lh|bh bcqbc Qmebsm& wh|}sc ce bhebccqrílm`hq eh dmlàm ei sem& qieh m|cem y omekh%

Am|kmbm }sc osc rh`é wserc|àm m se hljcrh y ahe se ri|ñe bijc m se wcñe }scbicqc osckh& wc|h cqrc rsvh ìcbh& wcbà m hr|h }sc bc osckh y rm`liée rsvhìcbh& mqà seh m seh fcq bijc m rhbhq dmqrm m A|cai| y eieksem }siqh mac|am|qc&cerheacq diac osckh yh y bi ce cf lfmeah%

Amýhecq rceàm`hq wc|h eh m|riffc|hq%

@mq rm|bc qc dizh hr|h ri|h y wmqñ fh ìq`h& eh vcàm`hq m embic% Cevim`hq semamehirm ahe A|cai| y bhq wchecq dmqrm fm Jserm wm|m }sc bc mffí oscqce fhq bhqwchecq mf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf y mviqm| }sc ym dmlàm`hq emvckmbh `mq bc fhqcýmfmbh y }sc rceàm`hq ìcbh bc wmqm| `mq mlmjh%

Bc ehadc ym vhfviñ fm amehm y ehq `mebm|he m bcai| }sc emvckíqc`hq `mq qiebcqaheoimezm mfksem }sc ahe w|caiqiñe dml|àm`hq bc wmqm| wh| bhebc cqrmlme&}sc dmlàme hàbh fhq amýhemzhq wc|h eh wsbic|he vcei| wh| fhq lmýmbhq%

$<<) Fhq ahe}siqrmbh|cq y fhq ìqihec|hq eh dme wceqmbh jm`íq ce dmac| sem bcqa|iwaiñevc|bmbc|m bc fmq bioc|cercq emaihecq iebimemq& qieh qhfm`cerc ce |cmfzm| qsq w|hczmq y ctmkc|m|qsq r|mlmjhq% Cq ahe cqrm ì|m }sc cffhq dme ms`cermbh ieoieirm`cerc cf eú`c|h bc fhq iebihq yfmq emaihecq y }sc dme dcadh mer|hwñomkmq m mfksemq> cffhq fh dmaàme qie |mzñe& wh|}sc dhy bàmeieksem bc cqrmq emaihecq ah`h am|ec ds`mem y eh |casc|bme dmlc|fm ahìbh% Oéfit bc Mzm|m%



<< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cf bàm =4 wh| fm `mýmem ehq wsqi`hq m amìem| y m wham biqrmeaim ceaher|m`hqm @mb|ikmf m amlmffh& mbvi|ricebh }sc cf |àh dmlàm |hrh m fm bc|cadm y wh| mffà qc

ilm fm `myh| wm|rc bcf mksm% @mebé ahe sem amehirm m |cahehac| cf amsac vicjh yrceàm whah mksm y `sy bcqwm||m`mbm% @mb|ikmf rm`liée ehq bijh }scqhfm`cerc wh| m}scf amemfirh whbàm`hq wmqm| ah`h cocarivm`cerc wmqm`hq yrc`w|meh ffckm`hq mf wscqrh% M}sà dmlàm sem lm||me}sirm bc rc||ceh oi|`c mffmbh bcf wscqrh ‖h mf 47‐% Wserh úeiah }sc m `à `c wm|caiñ lsceh wm|m oijm| secqrmlfcai icerh wh|}sc cq ce rc||ceh oi|`c y cf |àh bcqbc cf @hq}sirmf m fm Wmfamcq ieemvckmlfc y bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà& mse}sc eh dmy wicb|mq eh cq embmlsceh y eh qc mbcfmerm|àm embm ahe i| dmqrm fm Wmfam& wh|}sc mffí cf rc||ceh eh cqoi|`c y cf amìeh wm|m i| m Qmfrm cq `cjh| bcf fmbh bcf Qs| bcf |àh Jsjsy }sc cf bcfEh|rc& wh|}sc cq ieañ`hbh wh| fhq `sadhq |imadhq }sc dmy% _émqc cf wfmeh%

@mb|ikmf cq bc fhq qmfrcýhq& cf `mq ac|ameh m fhq iebihq& ‖dh cer|c ehq ìq`h‐& ceqs amqm rceàm qic`w|c bivc|qhq `mrmksmyhq y `mrmahq ahe qsq adiemq% Ehqhr|hqecacqirílm`hq bc se ieré|w|crc wh| fh `cehq @mrmah& wc|h eiekseh bc fhqiebihq }sc dmlàm ce fm amqm bc @mb|ikmf }sc|àm vcei|& m wcqm| }sc BheMerheieh }sc c|m cf Ah`mebmerc bc fm O|herc|m bc Qmfrm bc m}scffm wm|rc& }sc fmffm`me bcf \àh bcf _mffc& fcq dslic|m |hkmbh% Bcaàme cffhq }sc fhq iebihq bc `íqmlmjh& cqrh qhe fhq rhlmq& fcq dmlàme bc `mrm|% _iqrh @mb|ikmf }sc ehceaher|ílm`hq eiekúe ierc|w|crc& ehq bijh }sc éf rceim se dijirh }sc qc dmlàm

a|imbh cer|c fhq `mrmksmyhq }sc rceàm ce qs amqm y }sc dmlfmlm fm fceksm bc fhqiebihq `mrmahq y `mrmksmyhq $}sc cq sem ìq`m)& wc|h }sc cf `sadmadh c|m bcah|rm cbmb% Ehqhr|hq ah`liem`hq ce ffcvm| mf `sadmadirh ‖`mq lice }sc embm‐ yQh|im dizh se aher|mrh ahe @mb|ikmf& wm|m wmkm|fc m éf qciq wcqhq `ceqsmfcq wh|qs dijh dmqrm bcvhfvé|qcfh% Dml|í rceibh cf `sadmadh sehq  mýhq bc cbmb& bcemrs|mfczm amffmbm ah`h fhq iebihq& y c|m iebih ecrh éf rm`liée wc|h bc fhqa|iqrimehq bc Qmfrm% Ahe cqrc ieré|w|crc dmlàm whah }sc aherm|%

$Se iebih vicec bc ieré|w|crc wh| fm wmwcfcrm ce am`lih bc bhq ycksmq)

_ieh se wcñe m mviqm| m bhe Merheieh }sc Jsme& iebih `mrmksmyh }sc dmlfmlmcf cqwmýhf vceb|àm bc ierc|w|crc ahe rmf }sc qc fc bicqc sem wmwcfcrm wm|m }sc cfqm|kcerh E% fc cer|ckm|m fmq bhq ycksmq }sc éf rh`h bc fhq rhlmq%



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <1

Bhe Merheieh fh dizh ffm`m| mf `h`cerh y fc bijh ‑ íebmrc wscq dh`l|c $<1) -}sc asmebh vscfvmq rc bm|é fm wmwcfcrm wm|m }sc cf qm|kcerh rc cer|cksc bhq

ycksmq y rc |ckmfm|é yh se wieadh bc lmycrm ahfh|mbm $<2)& mk|ckñ Qh|im }sc fcwmkm|àm qciq wcqhq `ceqsmfcq% Ahercqrñ cf iebih ‑ Cqrm lice qcýh|%

_cme fm ieocfiaibmb h fm qi`wfczm bc fhq iebihq& cqrc whl|c qmfiñ ahe fhq qmfrcýhqm wcfcm| aher|m fhq rhlmq }sc }sc|àme |hlm| fmq cqrmeaimq o|herc|izmq y ce fm wcfcm

Jsme `mrñ bhq rhlmq `hermbhq ce ycksmq& amwrs|íebhfmq% Bcqwséq cf qm|kcerhfmq cer|cvc|ñ ahe qsq mei`mfcq y eh }siqh cer|ckí|qcfmq m Jsme wm|m }scbm|qcahe cffmq y Jsme ahe rmf }sc cf Ah`mebmerc fc bc sem wmwcfcrm wm|m ahl|m| qsqycksmq vieh cf whl|c m ce|hfm|qc cf rm`liée%

$Ehrm) Fhq iebihq qc mb`i|me `sadh bc fmq ñ|bcecq }sc fhq a|iqrimehq bme wh|cqa|irh y fmq mw|caime `sadh%

Bhe _iarh|ieh vhfviñ m ieqrm| m Qh|im wm|m `sbm| h }sirm| m}scffmq wmfml|mq bcfm ctwcbiaiñe w|hrckibm wh| rhbmq fmq W|hvieaimq Seibmq bcf \àh bc fm Wfmrm&biaiéebhfc: -Bhe Wmlfh rhbmvàm cqrm`hq m ric`wh wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ& m fmascerm }sc|àm }sc qc bcafm|m|m sem ksc||m wh| qs wc|qhem y mqà qc| |ceh`l|mbhce cf `sebh% Bhe _iarh|ieh fc bijh ‑ wh| fh `cehq ffcvc se wfickh bc cqrc

khlic|eh }sc yh fc dmkh sem |cah`cebmaiñe wm|m cf Wm|mksmy% Eh fh }siqhrm`whah%

A|scfbmb bc Qh|im

Cf bàm =9 ym ehq w|cwm|ílm`hq wm|m bm| cf mbiñq m rhbhq% Bhe _iarh|ieh bijh mbhe Wmlfh& mdà vm Bhe Eiahfíq `sy ceoc|`h y eh ffcvm sqrcb ei se whffh wm|mdmac|fc amfbh% ¸Wh| }sé eh `mebm m ah`w|m| sehq whffhq y kmffiemq8 Yh hà cqrmqctw|cqihecq y qcerà }sc }scbmlm `sy mk|mbcaibh m Bhe _iarh|ieh& wc|h éf

ikeh|mlm fm wc|qcasaiñe }sc Qh|im `c dmaàm% Qc mac|añ Qh|im m `à y `c bijh: -Sqrcb Bhe Eiahfíq  }sic|c  sqrcb  }sc  qc   ah`w|ce  whffhq  wm|m dmac|fc  amfbh 8

@c dizh qsli| fm qmek|c y `cbih mfhambh fc ahercqré ahe `sadm |mlim: -¸qmlcsqrcb fh }sc }sic|h8 ]sic|h }sc ehq vmym`hq bc sem vcz `mq mlmjh& wh|}sc qiyh dc bc `h|i| fh `iq`h `c bm amfbh bc adm|}sc }sc amfbh bc whffh%

$<1) ‖Íebmrc wscq dh`l|c‐& Mebm dh`l|c& mah`wmým m fm ctwcbiaiñe qie w|hlfc`mq }sc m rs

|ck|cqh 

$<2) Qc r|mrmlm bc sem rcfm `sy mw|caimbm cer|c fmq ah`seibmbcq iebàkcemq



<2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Jm`íq dc hfvibmbh cqrmq ctw|cqihecq& eh a|ch fmq dml|íe hfvibmbh fhq hr|hq r|cq¸C|m sem w|ckserm wm|m dmac|`c8 Fhq whffhq vmfàme `cbih |cmf ambm seh y eh

c|m w|caiqh bcjm| bc ah`c|fhq qhfh c|m wm|m dmac| amfbh m se ceoc|`h% Bhe_iarh|ieh }scbñ mqh`l|mbàqi`h bc cqrh y fh ìq`h fhq hr|hq bhq qcýh|cq ahefhq bc`íq ai|aseqrmercq& wscq }sc osc|he fmq úfri`mq y ehq bcqwcbi`hq bcrhbhq y ehq fm|km`hq ym m escqr|h mvcers|mbh vimjc ahe vcieribñq wc|qhemqcer|c lscehq y `mfhq%

$Qmfibm mf Admah)

Amìem`hq ahe cf |àh |cksfm|& lsceh& dmqrm fmq heac bc fm `mýmem }sc diac

m`m||m| cf ls}sc m fm lm||meam wh| ah`cezm|`c m bm| adsadhq bc o|àh aherc`lfh|cq y ceqcksibm fm oicl|c rme osc|rc }sc `c dmaim bcqvm|im| rhbh cf bàm%Rmf c|m fm osc|zm }sc `c qmasbàm y `c bs|mlm dmqrm fm `cbim ehadc wmqmbm%

$Qh|im `ébiah wh| `mrm|`c)

Cf bàm <7 Qh|im qc |cqhfviñ bm|`c se vhìrivh bc rí|rm|h c`ériah% Yh `c |cqhfvàm rh`m|fh y wh| cqm |mzñe eh amìem`hq embm cqc bàm% A|cai| ahe fhq wchecq qcwsqic|he m dmac| r|cq |c`hq bc qmsac wm|m cf lm|ah%

Ceai`m bcf vhìrivh rh`é se whah bc amfbh bc `hrc $<2) & wh|}sc cf bc adm|}scfh mlh||caàm ce ctr|c`h y cq `sy aífibh% Fm oicl|c cqrc bàm `c bih `sadh `mqosc|rc%

Mf m`mecac| bcf <= acqñ se whah fm oicl|c& Qh|im `c |cacrñ hr|h vhìrivh& m fmascerm }sc|àm bm| oie aheìkh% Yh bcqcqwc|mbh bcqcmebh ah|rm| cf difh bc ìvibm mercq bc qcksi| wmbcaicebh& rh`é hr|h vhìrivh y eh qswc añ`h wmqém}scf bàm%

M`mecaiñ cf bàm << y mercq bc rh`m| mse}sc qcm se k|meh bc `mrc& rh`é hr|hvhìrivh& ah`h yh whbàm ym qc wscbce i`mkiem|%

$<2) @hrc& qc r|mrm bc `màz wcfmbh%




$@c w|cwm|h m `h|i|)

Cf bàm <1 A|cai| qc wsqh m amìem| y Qh|im ilm fcvmermebh cf Wfmeh h `m|ambh cfas|qh bcf |àh& ym bc `à eh qc cqwc|mlm embm& qmfvh }sc ctwi|mqc% Yh ce ìah|mzñe `c ceah`cebmlm m Bihq& eh rceàm hr|h |cas|qh% Rceàm w|cqcerc rhbhqìq bcqvm|àhq y fhq sfr|mjcq }sc ce ah`wmýàm bc fhq i`wàhq diac mf qcýh|%

M}sà ce cqrc cqrmbh wcbàm m Qme Jhqé }sc oscqc ì wmb|ieh y fc bijc ahe rhbh ìah|mzñe }sc qi yh whbàm qc| úrif rhbmvàm m ì w|ñji`h& `c aheqc|vm|m ì vibm ymfivimqc ì `mf& wc|h qi yh dslicqc bc qc| wc|jsbiaimf mf w|ñji`h ce fh }sc |cqrmbc ì vibm& mdh|m `c diaicqc ctwi|m| y w|cqceré ì mf`m mf qcýh| wibiéebhfc

wc|bñe wh| fmq hoceqmq }sc hamqiheé cra%

Fh|cezh Qmfksc|h dizh amoé wm|m Qh|im y A|cai|& y bc éqrc r|mjh se whah wm|m `àrm`liée y fh rh`é% @mq rm|bc `c qcerà se whah `mq mfivimbh y wcbà m Qmfksc|h`c diaicqc ré& `c fh dizh y fh rh`é ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq }sc m fhq r|cq qcýh|cqehq dmlàme bcjmbh jserm`cerc ahe cf ré y cf amoé%

$@c qicerh mfkh mfivimbh)

M fmq =< rhbmvàm eh `c dmlàm bmbh eieksem qcýmf bc adsadh qieriéebh`c mfkh`cjh|& rh`é cerheacq hr|h whah bc ré ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq% M fm sem `c bihoicl|c eh rme osc|rc y qie adsadhq bc o|àh& mercq bc fm ehadc vhfviñ fm osc|zm bc fmoicl|c% A|cai| `mebñ m`m||m| mf lm|ah%

Qh|im }siqh dmlfm| aheìkh bcf |àh wc|h yh bcqvm|imlm `sadh y ce cqhqbcqvm|àhq `c cehjmlm `sadh ahe Qmfksc|h wh| qs wc|czm%

Cf bàm <2 m`mecaà mfkh `cjh|% Qh|im `c `hqr|ñ cf wmwcf ce bhebc dmlàm `m|ambhcf as|qh bcf |àh |cah||ibh myc|% _i }sc cf |àh vceàm lice& rhbh cer|c m|cem & fc bijcm Qh|im }sc qikm mqà }sc qi yh `cjh|h se whah& ah||cki|é cf wfmeh& }sc w|has|cmwserm| ambm vscfrm bcf |àh cf $ %) ohebh y fm amfibmb bc éf%

Bcqm`m||m|he cf lm|ah y A|cai| qcksàm ahe fm emvckmaiñe% Qh|im `m|amlm cfas|qh bcf |àh y cf lm|ah ilm `sy lice& cer|c fm m|cem y `sy `meqh& m fm ehadcm`m||m|he cf lm|ah% Yh `c qcerà `sy mfivimbh bc fm oicl|c& cqrc bàm eh `c bihrme osc|rc& ì mfi`cerh c|m rc h amoé ahe |hq}scrmq%

Cf bàm <3 rh`é hr|m ws|km ahe jmfmwm% A|cai| y Qh|im qiksic|he emvckmebh ah`h



<? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fhq hr|hq bàmq% M fmq asmr|h bc fm rm|bc ffckm|he m se wmqmjc }sc cf |àh dmlàm |hrhcer|c se qmszmf y wh| mffà& m r|mvéq bc se amemfirh qc ilm rhbm cf mksm bcf |àh&

bcjmebh rhrmf`cerc qs amsac lmjh% Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh m ohjmq =<& ah`h fmìrmb bcf mksm& eh qc masc|bm }sc fm amehirm }sc cevié wh| cf amsac lmjh ehceaher|ñ mksm wm|m wmqm| y qc dm vscfrh% Cf mksm m fm c`lhambs|m bc cqrcamemfirh cer|mlm m `hbh bc se osc|rc adiofñe y cer|c fhq qmsacq }sc dmlàmbc||s`lmbhq dmaàm se osc|rc |sibh%

Mf `h`cerh ce }sc A|cai| hyñ cf |sibh `mebñ bm| ohebh ahe cf meafm y eh qcmr|cvic|he m wmqm|% Yh cqrmlm ahe oicl|c& wc|h cqrc bàm `c dmlàm bmbh `íqfivimeh }sc bàm mfkseh& `c ffm`m|he m }sc oscqc m vc| wh| ceai`m bc fm aslic|rm%

Mf vc|`c Qh|im `c w|ckserñ qi `c mei`mlm m wmqm|& fc bijc }sc eh& wc|h }sc qi`mýmem `c ceaher|mlm se whah mfivimbh fh w|has|m|àm& mqà osc ah`h }scbm`hqm wmqm| fm ehadc m}sà%

$@hbh bc rh`m| fm }sieiem)

Cf bàm <? wh| fm `mýmem rh`é ah`h sem hezm bc }sieiem ce whfvh& ce mk|ih bcfi`ñe y ahe mksm|bicerc osc|rc& cqrm rh`m cq sem ‖y cf qswc|ih|‐& mf whah |mrh `cdmffé lh||madh y rh`é ré%

$Amìeh wh| bclmjh bcf wscerc bc Qmsac)

M fmq 9 bc fm `mýmem `mebé m`m||m| se amlfc m se qmsac se whah `mq m||ilm bcfm c`lhambs|m bcf escvh amemfirh& wm|m whbc| ceoifm| bc m whah& y ehce|cbm|ehq ahe fhq qmsacq& `mebé cfcvm| cf meafm y ehq ceoifm`hq wh| cf adiofñey ce `sy l|cvc ehq vi`hq fil|cq bcf adiofñe y bc fhq qmsacq%

Cf amemfirh c|m `sy w|hosebh y bc se meadh ah`h bc =< dmqrm <7 vm|mq% Fhqqmsacq bc cqrc qmszmf c|me kcec|mf`cerc bc se r|heah bc semq ? m hadhwsfkmbmq bc bií`cr|h& fhq }sc qc ceaher|mlme amàbhq bc fm bc|cadm |cwhqmlmewh| fm |m`mq y wserm ce fm lm||meam bc fm iz}sic|bm& y fhq amàbhq bc fm iz}sic|bm|cwhqmlme ce fm lm||meam bc fm bc|cadm& bc `mec|m }sc oh|`mlme se wscercamqi aheriesh% Fmq lm||meamq rceàme bc mfrs|m ah`h bhq m bhq y `cbim vm|mq yahe cf lm|ah wmqílm`hq wh| bclmjh bc fhq qmsacq% Ce wm|rc mfksem |m`m ehqcqrh|lmlm y fm ah|rílm`hq ahe dmadmq& mqà emvckm`hq ah`h bhq ìffmq dmqrmceaher|m| escvm`cerc cf amsac vicjh bcf |àh& mbvi|ricebh }sc ce éf ah||àm rmermmksm ah`h wm|m |ckm| sem adma|m% Qh|im bijh }sc amìem`hq ah`h `cbim ìffm

wc|h cqrm `sy c}sivhambh& wc|h ah`h Qh|im eh qmlc asmerh cq sem ìffm& wscbc}sc dmym bmbh wh| bi`ceqiñe m fm ìffm cf bhlfc bc meadh bcf amemfirh& ce cqrc



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi <;

amqh cf amemfirh eh cq `mq }sc `cbim ìffm% _émqc qs fil|iffh ohjmq =2%

$Bcf Rsfws)

Se whah `mq mlmjh wm|m`hq wm|m ahaiem| rsfwh& ahe adm|}sc y `hrc wm|mah`c|% Yh ah`àm qhfh fhq |hq}scrcq ahe ré y m Qh|im cf bimlfh qc fh ffcvmlm ambmvcz }sc `c vcàm r|mkm| se lhambh% Bcaàm m A|cai| }sc Bhe Merheieh& Qhfm yH|`mcadcm qc fmq dmlàme |ckmfmbh m éf& wc|h m `à whah `c i`wh|rmlme qsqdmlfmbs|àmq& fmq aheqibc|mlm fm ahìbm `mq fivimem wm|m `à }sc cf rsfwh $}sc cqsem whfcerm bc dm|iem bc `màz% Asmebh fm dm|iem cq bc `màz rhqrmbh qc dmac cfrsfwh ahe mksm o|àm y asmebh cqrc úfri`h qc dmac `sy fi}sibh qc ffm`m asfwmbm&

wm|m cqrm ahìbm qc ecacqirm fm bikcqriñe bc se ‖lhymksc‐ y eh bc se ceoc|`h)%

Cqrc bàm `c dme bmbh lmqrmerc ri|hecq y m fm ehadc se whah bc oicl|c& bc `mec|m}sc vm|iñ se whah fm ceoc|`cbmb& qcýmf bc qmem|% Wc|h eseam wsbc aheqcksi||cwhec| ì qmfsb wh|}sc rceàm }sc rh`m| qhf y bc asmebh ce asmebh qc|ceh&cra% Rm`whah cf mfi`cerh c|m lsceh bc `mec|m }sc bcqbc m}sà ce mbcfmerc `cbmlm fm oicl|c bc ehadc y bc bàm% @c bmlme sehq cqri|hecq eh`íq y mqà ffcvmlmsem a|sz ahribimem% Bc bàm r|mlmjmebh y bc ehadc ahe ì `mf%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Hvc|hq ceaher|m`hq se |àh }sc bcqc`lhamlm ce cfLc|`cjh }sc wm|caàm |cksfm| k|mebc y eh qmlàm`hq }sc |àh whbàm qc|% Cf |àh bcf

_mffc qmlàm`hq }sc cqrmlm `mq mlmjh& jszkílm`hq m vcacq }sc oscqc mfkúel|mzh bcf ìq`h Lc|`cjh }sc `íq m||ilm qc dslicqc bivibibh y qc ehq dslicqc



<4 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wmqmbh qie vc|fh& wc|h cqrh bcjmlm `sadh }sc bsbm|% M }sc cq bhebc Qh|im biacqc| fm iqfm k|mebc ce qs fil|iffh m ohjmq 

$Bcf |àh Qslrc||íech)

Fh }sc m `à `c wm|cac `mq w|hlmlfc cq cqrh: Cf |àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy ceo|cerc mQilc|cm ricec `mq mksm }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m& asmebh bclic|m rcec| `sadm`mq wh| fhq bioc|cercq |imadhq }sc bcqmksme ce éf& dc`hq ehrmbh }sc mfmac|am|qc m fm Jserm h Wmfam ilm mwhamebh cf mksm y jszkílm`hq cerheacq }scbclàm cf mksm oifr|m| cer|c fm m|cem y rcebc| qic`w|c m qs eivcf ce cf Lc|`cjh%

Yh rcekh `sy vivh ce ì `c`h|im }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m bcf |àh K|mebc bc Jsjsy ce cf bc Rm|ijm eh dmy cf mksm }sc ricec cf |àh bc Qme Fh|cezh qhfm`cerc%Cf mksm omfrm bcqbc `sy ac|am bc fm Wmfam y mse}sc `mq m||ilm ricec whah ohebh&cf |àh cq `mq meadh }sc ce fm bcqc`lhambs|m%& cqrc a|irc|ih `mq }sc m embicbcjmlm m Qh|im ahe fm lham mlic|rm% Yh ehré }sc mf mac|am|qc m fm wserm& cf ohebhc|m bc m|cem lfmebm y qc ceomekmlm ce cffm ah`h qi dslic|m qibh omekh y wh| fhrmerh yh eh wscbh i`mkiem| m bñebc dmym ibh cf mksm bcf |àh k|mebc bc Jsjsy& qieh cq `mq mlmjh y qckúe ì a|irc|ih cf |àh }sc ceaher|m`hq& cq cf mksm bcf \àhK|mebc bc Jsjsy }sc qc oifr|mlm cer|c fm m|cem% Yh }siqic|m vc| cf rc||ceh wh| mffà

wm|m jszkm| oàqiam`cerc cqh% Fh aic|rh cq }sc cf mksm bcf \àh K|mebc ce mfksemwm|rc dm bc i|& wh|}sc ce fm Wmfam eh vicec qieh se wh}sirh%

$Bc fhq hvc|hq)

@mq mlmjh& ceaher|m`hq |cwceriem`cerc& mf bm| sem vscfrm ah`h bhqaicerhq hr|cqaicerhq iebihq bc rhbh qcth y cbmb& wcqamebh ce fm h|iffm bcf |àh% ]scbm|herhbhq cffhq qh|w|cebibhq y mqsqrmbhq% Ehqhr|hq bi`hq ohebh mf meafm wm|mdmlfm| ahe cffhq y |ckmfm|fhq& wc|h mf |sibh bc fm ambcem qc oskm|he rhbhq% Fhq

diai`hq ffm`m| ahe escqr|h ieré|w|crc wc|h eh ahercqrmlme% Whah bcqwséqvieic|he bhq& se iebih y sem adiem& rme vicjhq }sc fhq jszkm`hq bc =37 mýhqwm|m m||ilm% @m|admlme ahe qs lmqrñe& c|me ceah|vmbhq y rceàme cf cqwiemzhdcadh ah`h se m|ah% Eh qc vcàm ce cffhq `íq }sc bhq cq}scfcrhq aslic|rhq bcwcffcjh% Rceàme rhbhq qsq amlcffhq y qie sem amem% Qc ehq w|cqcerm|he rhrmf`cercbcqesbhq ahe fmq `mehq rmwmebh qsq vc|köcezmq y qie m|`mq& ce qcýmf bc wmz%Ehq bijc|he }sc cffhq vceàme ce eh`l|c bc fhq bc`íq m i`wfh|m| escqr|mmìqrmb& }sc cffhq c|me fhq hvc|hq% Fcq |ckmfm`hq ahe se wm| bc amfzhecq m ambmseh y sem adm}scrm y se kh||h ahfh|mbh& se asadiffh y sem ‖ksmiam‐ bc vib|ih&$}sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq r|màm`hq ahe cf w|hwñqirh bc |ckmfm| m fhq iebihq y

k|mejcm|ehq qs mìqrmb) y fcq biji`hq }sc é|m`hq mìkhq y }sc ffm`ce m fhqbc`íq }sc }sc|àm`hq |ckmfm|fhq% Qc osc|he y `sy w|herh vhfvic|he ahe fhq




bc`íq% \ckmfm`hq m mfksehq eh m rhbhq& mf amai}sc ahe w|coc|ceaim }sc m fhqbc`íq& eiekseh bc cffhq rceàm m|`mq y rhbhq wiermbhq bc hvc|h y wh| cqrh cq

}sc fhq ffm`me hvc|hq% ]scbm|he rme ahercerhq }sc ehq |ckmfm|he se ah|bc|h`sy dc|`hqh y }sc|àme |ckmfm|ehq `íq wc|h eh fcq }siqi`hq mbìri| wm|m }sceh wceqm|me }sc wh| ierc|éq fcq |ckmfílm`hq y qcksi`hq emvckmebh%

Cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc yh eh rcekh w|cqcerc fhq bàmq oijhq ce }sc wmqm`hq wh| fhqwm|mjcq& }sc qic`w|c i|é mehrmebh wh|}sc qc `c osc bc fm `c`h|im y qhfm`cercahe ì Wfme Bim|ih }sc Qh|im osc m cer|ckm| m O|meaim& biarmbh| bcf Wm|mksmy&rceb|àm sem |cfmaiñe ctmarm% Rm`liée cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc bc ehadc ehamìeílm`hq eseam%

Asmerh `mq emvckílm`hq dmaim mlmjh& ceaher|ílm`hq `sadhq iebihq wcqamebhbc m sem y hr|m wm|rc% Ym cffhq qmlàme }sc ehqhr|hq |ckfílm`hq m fhq iebihqwh|}sc fhq hvc|hq fcq dmlàme mviqmbh& y cffhq m fhq bc `mq mlmjh y mqà ah||iñ fmehriaim mviqíebhqc seh mf hr|h dmqrm mf oie bcf Admah% Cqrhq iebihq wcqambh|cqmwcemq ehq vcàme& mkm||mlme cf `cjh| wcqambh }sc rceàme y ahe éf ce fm `meh qcri|mlme mf mksm mf ric`wh }sc ehqhr|hq wmqílm`hq wh| o|cerc m cffhq y vceàmemfamezíebhehq cf wcqambh& fh rh`ílm`hq y fcq |ckmfílm`hq se asadiffh% Hr|hqceaher|ílm`hq ce fm h|iffm ahe ah|bc|hq mksm|bmebh }sc wmqí|m`hq wm|mdmac|ehq qsq w|cqcercq& m mfksehq qc fhq |cailàm`hq y mfksehq eh }sc|àm`hq

|caili| y fhq whl|cq ah||àme ahe qsq ah|bc|hq ce fm h|iffm bcf |àh qiksiéebhehqwm|m cer|ckm| qsq w|cqcercq& m vm|ihq fhq |ckmfílm`hq ahe asadiffhq qie |caili|embm%

$@hbh bc wcqam|)

Qs `hbh bc wcqam| cq bc cqrm qsc|rc% Wfmerme ce cf mksm m fm h|iffm bc fm wfmym hce fm lm||meam semq cqrm}sirmq oh|`mebh se qcìaà|asfh bcjmebh cf fmbh bcmlmjh& cqrh cq mf fmbh hwscqrh m fm ah||icerc sem mlc|rs|m amwmz bc cer|m| sewcqambh% Cqrc qcìaà|asfh rceb|í sem vm|m bc bií`cr|h asmebh `sadh& mffàbcer|h whece mfkh wm|m ah`c| wm|m fhq wcqambhq& asmebh cqríe mbcer|h aic||mefm wsc|rm y mkm||me cf wcqambh% Rm`liée mkm||me `sadhq ahe fmq ofcadmq% Cebhebc cf |àh dmac bcqwfmymbhq dmace hr|hq wcqambc|hq ahe cqrmamq& cqrhqrceb|íe ah`h }sieac h vcierc vm|mq bc fm|kh y qciq bc meadh& oh|`mebh seam|mahf& m `hbh bc sem vhfsrm% Fhq wcqambhq qc ier|hbsace ce cf am|mahf bc fmqcqrmamq y mffà fhq ceascer|me fhq iebihq& ce|cbmbhq& mr|mwíebhfhq%

Amqi rhbh cf |àh cqrm ffceh bc wcqambc|hq% Cf |àh cq `sy mlsebmerc bc wcqambhq

ctacfcercq& wm|riasfm|`cerc cf wmaú y cf bh|mbh& cra%



17 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$Bc fhq wihjhq)

Mfksehq bàmq dmaàm vicerh o|cqah bc `mec|m }sc mr|maílm`hq mf lh|bc bc fmlm||meam h ce fm wfmym y eh whbàm`hq amìem|& y mqà ehq hlfikmlm m m`m||m|ehq%Cf vicerh qic`w|c qhwfm bcf Cqrc mf Qsbcqrc% Se bàm cqrmebh mqà m`m||mbhq& `cqm}sé fm amìqm wm|m vc| qi fh }sc rceàm c|m ‖qifiaih‐ ñ }sc ahqm c|m& wscq eh c|mwham fm ah`czñe }sc `c bmlm& ceaher|mebh ce cffm& }siée fh a|cyc|m& sehqwihjhq rme k|mebcq y r|meqwm|cercq }sc wm|caàme serh qie qmf% Ffm`é m A|cai| yfc bijc& Bhe Fsamq& ‖k|i`mfbhq‐ rcec`hq qcýmf bc `sadm mlsebmeaim& -¸]sé cqcqh8& `c w|ckserñ éf% -\ckiqr|c qs amìqm-& fc bijc yh& -ym fh vc|í% Yh `c wsqc maherm|fhq wm|m bivc|ri|`c& fh ìq`h dizh A|cai|& ffckmebh m 2; y rm`liée éf& }sc

cer|c |iqmq y |mlim bih ahe fm ìq`m ascerm%

Qh|im }sc ehq vcàm |cà| y |mlim| w|ckserñ }sc ehq has||àm% A|cai| fc ahercqrñ>- Bhe Wmlfh rcec`hq `sadhq wihjhq y biac Bhe Eiahfíq }sc cq qcýmf bc `sadmmlsebmeaim% Qh|im qc }sirñ fm amìqm y qc fm cer|ckñ m Qmfksc|h wm|m }sc fcwmqm|m |cviqrm& cqrmlm ffcem y rme lfmeam ah`h fm amlczm bc Qh|im%

Escqr|h c}siwmjc w|hvceàm bc fm aí|acf bc Qmfrm& y bc mffí ehq dme r|màbh cqrmqcìffm }sc qc `sfriwfiam wh| ìf ce se l|cvc ric`wh% Wm|m escqr|hq wchecq c|m

sem `m`mbm ah`h qc fhq ah`àme y ahe }sé k|maim& wscq qc wheàme ah`h sembhacem ce fm wmf`m bc fm `meh y ahe fm wserm bc fm fceksm fhq ilme |cahkicebhseh m seh& wheiéebhfhq cer|c fhq bicercq dmaiéebhfhq |cvcerm| mffà& wm|mrh`m|fcq cf qmlh|& ahe rmerm k|maim }sc c|me amwmz bc dmac| fmezm| $<?) mfìq`àqi`h bc`heih& yh eh whbàm bcjm| bc qso|i| mf vc|fhq ah`c| y fhq |crmlm%A|cai| `c bcaàm& -béjcfhq ah`c| Bhe Eiahfm& mqà qhe rhbm ‖fm wc|smem‐& }sc qcah`me fhq wihjhq cqrhq ahadiehq%

$Adieadàe mlh|bh)

Se bàm bc fm wm|rc bcf QH& se iebih bc m amlmffh ehq ffm`m& qc whec m bcqceqiffm|qs amlmffh y qhfríebhfh dizh se mrmbh ahe cf |cambh& ehq qcýmfñ }sc }sc|àm vcei|m lh|bh y fh |caili`hq%

$<?) Fmezm|& vhìrm|



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 1=

C|m jhvce y bc se rmffc dc|`hqh& escqr|hq ieré|w|crcq }sc ce cf dmlfm| wm|caàme`sbhq& mwcemq whbàm`hq cercebc|fc% Bcaàm }sc c|m dijh bc Adieadie y }sc cf

rm`liée qc ffm`mlm adieadàe& bc fhq iebihq Adhehwicq& y }sc @m|imeh y }scam|rmq& y eh cercebàm`hq `mq% Amìem`hq dmqrm cf r|m`herm| bcf Qhf }scceaher|m`hq se bcqwfmymbh `sy meadh bc wham mksm y ohebh bc ric||m& m}sàehq }scbm`hq m wmqm| fm ehadc%

$@m|imeh r|mc am|rmq)

Whah bcqwséq bc hqas|cac| bcqbc ric||m ehq k|irm seh& - Lscemq ehadcq& lscemqehadcq& qcýh| Amwiríe y fm ah`wmýàm -% - Dhfm biji`hq& $}sc amqrcffmehq qhe

cqrhq)% Adieadie ehq bijh: - @m|imeh& am|rmq& wmwcfcrm% Fc bcvhfvi`hq ehqhr|hqrm`liée fmq lscemq ehadcq& y ehq bijh> - `mebce fm amehm ce ric||m }sc yh qhy@m|imeh y fc r|mikh am|rmq bc Bhe Merheih y bc Bhe _iarh|ieh -% Mf `h`cerh& fc`mebm`hq fm amehm wm|m r|mc|fh m lh|bh% Qc c`lm|añ ce fm amehm y mkm||ñ éf fmwmfm y ce se `h`cerh vieh m lh|bh ah`h cf `cjh| `m|ieh% R|màm bhq am|rmq& sembi|ikibm m Qh|im y hr|m m `à% Bhe Merheih cqa|ilàm m Qh|im y Bhe _iarh|ieh m `à%Biadmq am|rmq fmq ricec O|meaim ce cf Wm|mksmy% Yh `c masc|bh }sc Bhe_iarh|ieh `c wcbàm sem ahwim bc rhbh fh }sc dmlàm hlqc|vmbh dmqrm m}sà wc|hQh|im eh }siqh }sc fc `mebc ahwim bcf wfmeh y mqà `c |cbsjh m `mebm|fcqhfm`cerc cf |cqsfrmbh bc ìq hlqc|vmaihecq mqr|heñìamq& bc bioc|cercq

wserhq& y ì wm|cac| qhl|c cf |àh dmqrm cf bàm }sc fc cqa|ilà& }sc osc `mq mlmjh&ah`h qc vc|í ceqcksibm%

$Bc @m|imeh& bc Adieadie y bc fhq amai}scq)

_m`hq m @m|imeh% C|m cqrc iebih bc fhq Adhehwicq y amai}sc& h viac Amai}scwh|}sc cf Amai}sc fckiri`h c|m cf Adieadàe }sc rceàm`hq m lh|bh dijh bcfbioserh Adieadàe k|me amai}sc bc fhq Adieadiecq h Adhehwicq }sc rhbh cq seh%Cqrc bioserh Amai}sc ahe qsq wham kcerc qc dizh rc||ilfc m rhbhq fhq iebihq bcfAdmah& c dizh k|me mìqrmb ahe Ah|ecjh& fhq dijhq bc fhq amai}scq qhe dc|cbc|hqbcf `mebh& y wh| aheqiksicerc cf jhvce Adieadàe }sc rceàm`hq m lh|bh c|m cfAmai}sc& wc|h @m|imeh wh| qc| iebih bc `mq ctwc|iceaim dml|í `mebmbh éf%

$Amìeh bcqbc fm Cq}siem K|mebc mf Wm|mksmy wh| ric||m)

Ehq ahermlm @m|imeh }sc éf& mercq& asmebh fhq Rhlmq bc Qme Lc|em|bh yAmekmyc c|me `meqhq qc ilm wh| ric||m dmqrm mf Wm|mksmy m ffcvm| `sfmq m

vcebc|% Bclàm bc |hlm|fmq m fhq qmfrcýhq wh|}sc ei cffhq ei eieksehq bc fhqdmlirmercq bcf Admah ricece cqrmeaimq% Fc w|ckserc }sc amìeh ffcvmlm wm|m i| mf



1< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Wm|mksmy& `c bcaàm }sc wh| fm h|iffm bcf Lc|`cjh dmqrm Ýc`lsah cf amìeh cq`sy lsceh& y }sc m vcacq ilm bcqbc Amekmyc bc|cadh m Mqseaiñe wmqmebh cf

\àh Wifah`myh y }sc ce cqrhq vimjcq eh cadmlm `mq bc =7 m == bàmq& y qieamìem| bc ehadc& y ycebh mf r|hrc% Ehq bcaàm rm`liée }sc cf ym dmlàm cqrmbh ceAh||icercq& Qmerm Oc& Lscehq Mi|cq& Wmrmkheim& Añ|bhlm& @cebhzm cra% Fc bcaàmyh bcqwséq bc dmlc| mebmbh rmerh ric`wh cer|c fhq A|iqrimehq añ`h c|m }sc qcvceim m vivi| mffà> bc fm cqri m }sc rcekh m ìq Wmiqmehq& `c |cqwhebàm%

Fc w|ckseré ah`h qc dmlàm viqrh ahe Bhe Merheieh `c bijh }sc fh dmlàmceaher|mbh ce fhq qic||mq bc Qmerm Lí|lm|m& y mffà dmlàme cqa|irh& y fh `mebm|hem éf wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc dmqrm cf aheoàe bc qs ric||m }sc cq dmqrm Wmfh

Qmerh y wm|m }sc ehq |cah`cebmqc m fhq Amai}scq bc `mq mlmjh %qsq mìkhq& }scc|me bc fhq @mrmahq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcf EC% wh|}sc qcksibh m cffhq wh|cf QH qiksce fhq Hahfiq& y ahe cqrhq eh qhe mìkhq%

Fc w|ckseré bhebc }scbmlm fm Cq}siem K|mebc& `c bijh }sc bmebh fm vscfrm mf|àh& mffà cqrmlm y }sc eh dmlàm asmr|h asmb|mq bc biqrmeaim& y }sc mffà rceàm qs|meadc|àm k|mebc& y ce cf Wmfh Qmerh rceàm hr|m `íq adiam& dmaicebh ksm|bim m fhqHahfiq& wm|m }sc eh vcekme m amzm| ce qs ric||m%

$Amìeh bcqbc fm Cq}siem m Am`whqmerh)

Fc w|ckseré ce asmerhq bàmq ilm bcqbc mffà m Am`whqmerh `c bijh }sc ycebhbcqwmaih& r|cq bàmq& wc|h }sc ce bhq dmlàm ibh `sadmq vcacq& y }sc cf amìeh c|m`sy lsceh%

Cf |àh bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà& cq se am|mahfch wh| rhbhq fmbhq& y ambm vscfrmcq `sy adi}sirm& bc `mec|m }sc& fmq vcfmq wm|m i| mksmq m||ilm qhe amqi ieúrifcq&mse}sc cf vicerh bm ce whwm o% 1?% Mf wmqm| cf mksm bm sem vscfrm m hr|m& qc

bcqwm||m`m y eh ricec `mq }sc bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m bc ohebh& cf rc||ceh cq `sylmjh y m|ceiqah& eh ricec lm||meamq qieh wfmymq& ambm a|caicerc h ambm mýh cf |àhqc `sbm y qc vm wh| bhebc qc fc merhjm% Fmq bhq `í|kcecq bcf |àh cqríe ffcemq bcamsacq vicjhq wh| fhq asmfcq wmqmlm cf |àh mercq y }sizí vhfvic|m m wmqm| wh|mfksehq bc cffhq asmebh qc fc merhjc% Fhq qmsacq y wíjm|hq lhlhq qhe fhq í|lhfcq}sc haswme cf rc||ceh ie`cbimrh mf |àh& ce fhq amsacq `mq vicjhq qhe fhq qmsacq`mq mfrhq }sc ce fhq amsacq }sc dmac `cehq ric`wh }sc fc wmqmlm cf |àh bc`mec|m }sc qc vc cer|c fhq í|lhfcq ah`h amffcjhecq }sc wm|cace dcadhq ahe m|rc%Y qhe viqrmq `sy dc|`hqmq% Asmebh cf |àh cqrí a|caibh dmy `sadhq bc cqrhqamsacq }sc cekmým|he m fhq }sc emvckm|he wh| mffà& y mf lmjm| cf |àh qc dmffm|he

ahe qsq lm|ah ahe rhbm omaifibmb biqrmercq bc cf bhq h r|cq fcksmq& lice bc sefmbh h lice bc cf hr|h bcf |àh%




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qs eh`l|c vc|bmbc|h qc|àm cf bc _m|imlfc bc fm Ah`whqrs|m }sc ricec cf |àh% Eidmlfm| mf oie bcf |cahehaiìcerh% Bcqbc fm Wmfam dmqrm m}sà dml|c`hq vm|mbhsemq 177 vcacq%

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fh wchecq c`wsjmlme wmqílm`hq `sy w|herh m fm dhebs|m% Yh m}sà `mebc mfwcñe Fcmeb|h }sc a|szm|m rhbh cf |àh m wié ah`h qhfàm dmac|fh ce `sadmq wm|rcqasmebh vm|ílm`hq y ahehac| mqà lice fm dhebs|m bcf |àh m}sà y ce fh `mq dhebhfc ffckmlm cf mksm m fm |hbiffm mwcemq% W|ckserc m @m|imeh qi rhbmvàm dmlàm bcwmqm| `mq& `c |cqwhebiñ }sc ce cf `cq bc Mkhqrh& Qcwric`l|c y Harsl|cwmqmebh cf |àh mffà cf mksm fc ffckmlm& qckúe qcýmfh& se whah `mq ‖m||ilm cf $%%%)‐ bcf wié h ah`h sem asm|rm bc vm|m cqamqm> fc w|ckseré& qi wh| mffà qc rh|emlmdhebh cf |àh ce hr|mq wm|rcq& `c bijh }sc eh% Fsckh& m}sà cq `sy oíaif ah`whec|cf |àh wm|m bm|fc sem dhebs|m% Diac ffcvm| mf dh`l|h sem meafm wh| fm w|hm wc|hse whah `mq m fm bc|cadm eh oscqc ahqm }sc cf Lm|ah‐ ycqc ce qi`m bc mffm‐ diac

whec| se mwm|cjh wh| fm w|hm bcf lm|ah mf meafm y fhq wchecq bc mbcer|h bcfmksm ri|mlme cf lm|ah& dmqrm }sc m fmq =7 bc fm `mýmem cqrsvi`hq fil|cq ym ce fmdhebs|m& y fmq =7 =(2 cqrsvi`hq ceo|cerc bc fm |meadc|àm bc @m|imeh ce bhebcceaher|m`hq fm iebimbm ah`wscqrm dh`l|cq y `sjc|cq% Fhq |ckmfm`hq% M fmq =<hlqc|vm`hq fm fmrirsb bc <1 =< Q y qcksi`hq emvckmebh qic`w|c ahe @m|imeh mlh|bh y Adieadàe%

$Fhq bc Bhìeksirh)

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mamqh% C|m ac|am ym bc fmq =< y hlqc|vm`hq fm fmrirsb <1 H 11 Q $@icer|mq yhhlqc|vmlm fm fmrirsb se iebih ahevibñ m A|cai| m i| dmqrm fm |meadc|àm }sc cqrmlm



12 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

ac|am& y }sc mffà fc bm|àm sem adieirm wm|m biqo|srm| bc cffm& cqrh c|m wm|mmr|mwm|fh ce |crh|eh bc Bhìeksirh& A|cai| fc bih fmq k|maimq y eh mbìriñ cf

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ricece ìcbh m ì fmezm-%

$@mrmahq)

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m|`mbhq y }sc ehq asibíqc`hq bc cffhq% _c|bmbc|m`cerc qc ehq w|cqcermlmebcqesbhq ce qcýmf bc wmz%

$@sbmezm bcf |àh)

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Oiemf`cerc ffckm`hq mf wm|mjc }sc ffm`me Wmfh Qmerh% M}sà ceaher|m`hq m fmkcerc bc @m|imeh& fhq ksm|bimecq bcf rc||ceh% Fhq bc Bhìeksirh ym qc dmlàmeibh& y @m|imeh ceviñ m ffm`m| m seh bc qsq mìkhq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcfhq @mrmahq& wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc dmqrm cf aheoàe bc qsq ric||mq& y

|cah`cebm|ehq m qsq mìkhq bc `íq mlmjh% Cer|c rmerh mksm|bílm`hq m cqrc&Qh|im ahercqrñ m fm Am|rm bc Bhe Merheieh y yh m Qhfm& ceviíebhfc fmq fmrirsbcq




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Merheieh%

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$Bc fhq Hahfiq)

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dizh lmjm| ce fm aí`m|m& y `hqr|íebhfc ì fil|h& cf @mam|rc& msrh| bc eísriam& ywh| cf ieré|w|crc fc dmaàm bcai| }sc ahe m}scf ehqhr|hq ahehaàm`hq& mf qhf& m fm



1? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fsem& m fmq cqr|cffmq cra% @i|mlm y cqasadmlm ahe `sadm mrceaiñe& yh fc `hqr|éì harmerc& cqrc fc khfwcñ dmqrm ce cf mf`m& `c ieqrmlm m }sc qc fh |ckmfmqc&‐ eh

}scbm `mq fm|kmbh bc qsq `mehq‐ fc diac bcai| }sc fh ecacqirmlm wm|m ì|m| m fm $%%%)Fsem y fmq cqr|cffmq& y }sc Bihq qc cehjm|àm aheìkh% ]scbñ cerheacq qifceaihqhwh| se |mrh& y bcqwséq ahe qc`lfmerc ehlfc bijh mf ierc|w|crc& bàkmfc m cqrhqqcýh|cq& }sc }sice fc ceqcým m cffhq rhbm cqrmq ahqmq cq qs Bihq wh|}sé qmlc`sadh& y }sc escqr|h Bihq m fhq whl|c iebihq eh ehq ceqcým embm wh|}sc ehqmlc embm% Yh fh diac |hkm| wh| cf ieré|w|crc }sc vieicqc ahe ehqhr|hq }sc yh fcceqcým|àm rhbmq m}scffmq ahqmq& ahercqrñ }sc ce hr|h vimjc vceb|àm& }sc mercq}sc|àm vc| ah`h ehq r|mrmlme fhq iebihq bc `íq mlmjh& }sc qhe `mfhq% Qcksi`hqamìemebh y cqrc jhvce ehq mah`wmýñ dmqrm `mq mlmjh bhebc ehq bcjñ& y viehmlh|bh se iebih bc fhq `mrmahq h bc fm wm|rc bcf EC% cevimbh wh| qs amai}sc

wm|m }sc ehq mah`wmýmqc `mq mlmjh%

$Bcf |àh)

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$\hlh bcf rmlmah)

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Qc dizh |ckiqr|m| m Qmfmq y qc fc ceaher|ñ cf rmlmah& cf `sadmadirh ierc|w|crc@íti`h @mb|ikmf bijh m Qh|im }sc cf aher|m`mcqr|c Amemfcq rm`liée dmlàm|hlmbh rmlmah% A|cai| |ckiqr|ñ fmq wcrmamq y ceaher|ñ }sc ce sem omfrmlme bhq hr|cq `mzhq% Qh|im w|ckserñ mf `sadmadh qi Om|imq dmlàm |hlmbh rm`liée& cf`sadmadh bijh }sc qà%

$<;) Am`lifmeadc& am`lmfmadc& am`lmfmadcmebh% Ierc|am`limebh& amejcmebh



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi 1;

H oscqc vc|bmb h lice wsbic|m }sc cf `sadmadh cqrsvicqc qceribh wh| mfksemahqm has||ibm ahe Amemfcq y Om|imq% M`lhq c|me adifcehq%

Cerheacq Qh|im ieri`ñ m fhq r|cq cqrh cq m Amemfcq& Qmfmq& y Om|imq& m eh lmjm| `íqm fm lhbckm& y `c w|ckserñ m `à }sc `c wm|caàm m}scffm jsqriaim& fc |cqwhebà:- @c wm|cac `sy lice mqà eh |hlm|íe `íq rmlmah-% Eh rceb|àm jm`íq }scdmlc|fc |cqwhebibh mqà% Mf `h`cerh bijh Qh|im m fhq r|cq& - ¡_íymeqc m fmqamehmq y eh wiqce `íq cf Lm|ah qi yh eh fh `mebh- % Amemfcq y Om|imq mfckmlmewh| qs iehaceaim wc|h eh dslh |cìqiñe% ]scbm|he fhq r|cq ce fmq amehmq& y mqàosc }sc rhbmq fmq ehadcq qc ilme m bh|ì| ce ric||m% Rm`liée se bàm Amemfcq yOm|imq }sc cqrmlme ce sem amehm qc }scbm|he lmqrmerc mr|íq& ahe mei`h }sizíqbc bcqc|rm|& wc|h eh fh dml|íe dcadh wh| ìcbh m fhq iebihq wscq ym cqrílm`hq

lmqrmerc ierc|embhq ce cf Admah%

$Bc Admkihq)

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fhq }sc @m|imeh ehq bijh }sc ricece fmq bhq vmamq& y asibmbh ahe cffhq& cf qc oscahe fhq hr|hq bhq& y }scbm`hq qhfhq amìemebh%

$Cf |àh vicec `cjh|)

Wh| m}sà cf |àh vicec ym `sadh `cjh|& y ym eh qhe rmerh fhq bcqwfmymbhq%

$Qcýmf bc ksc||m)

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14 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Rceim ce qs o|cerc sem amlczm bc vmam ahe qsq mqwmq y mf|cbcbh| bc fm amlczmwcbmzhq bc asc|hq bc ah|bc|hq& rceim m`m||mbh mf wcqasczh wh| bcr|íq wfs`mqbc mvcqr|sz ahe rhrh|m wcebicerc& mlmjh rceim se adi|iwm bc rhrh|m ‖ wc|h eh rceibhqieh fmq wmkmq wcebicerc m`m|mbmq m fm aiers|m‐& fm hr|m `meh ce cf meam $ambc|m)& yfm am|m ahe rhbh cf asc|wh wiermbh bc hvc|h h `meadmq eck|mq& vceim m wmqh`sy |cwhqmbh mqà m fm h|iffm wm|m }sc fh viéqc`hq `cjh|% Yh eh wscbh i`mkiem|ce bhebc cqrhq lí|lm|hq dmyme whbibh bm|& wm|m i`irm| mf bimlfh ‖rme mf vivh‐%

Escqr|hq wchecq }sc rceàme mfkúe ahehai`icerh bc fhq iebihq `íq }sc ehqhr|hqbcaàme& }sc c|m m}scf cf bihq bc fm ksc||m y qcýmf bc ksc||m& y fc }sc|àme osqifm|mf ric`wh bc wmqm|& wc|h Qh|im eh fh aheqieriñ%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Mrmfí wsqi`hq mf `cbih bcf Lm|ah fhq wm|mwcrhq bc asc|hq




cqrh cq bcjmebh fil|c fm whwm y w|hm wm|m whbc| ri|m| ahe fmq am|hembmq qiecqrh|lh y rm`liée wsqi`hq se rcadh bc asc|hq‐ $%%%) }sc wm|caàm ahqm ah`h }sc

dmace fhq Wm|mksmyhq m fmq ahf`mbmq bc $%%%) Lm|ah‐% Cqrh c|m se lsce |cwm|h wm|m fmofhrm% Cf ìq`h bàm wh| fm rm|bc ffckm`hq m fhq Mrmfm& fhq asmfcq cqrmlme aherhbmq qsq adiemq y adi}sirhq ceai`m bc fm lm||meam bcf EC% qie m|`mq ce qcýmfbc wmz% Bi`hq ohebh ce `cbih bcf |àh y m`m||m`hq se amlfc m ric||m wh| cf asmfmr|mam`hq cf lm|ah m fm lm||meam bc fhq iebihq%

Amqi rhbm escqr|m kcerc qc osc m ric||m m cer|cvc|m|qc ahe fm iebimbm y fm hr|mwm|rc m ahaiem| cf rsfwh% Fhq iebihq ce sem lscem wh|aiñe vieic|he m lh|bh% Rmfc|m cf ìqrs|c y fm ieqslh|biemaiñe escqr|m& }sc c|m qsoiaicerc }sc yh bijcqc }sc

eh ehq oiíqc`hq& y bc eh lmjm| eiekseh m ric||m& wm|m }sc oiíqc`hq bc rhbhqcffhq& y lmjmqce m ric||m rhbhq& Qh|im ce w|i`c| fskm|% @icer|mq mqà cer|cvc|mbhqcqrílm`hq& vic|he ffckm| wh| fm lm||meam bcf QH& `mq m||ilm ah`h m bhqaicermqvm|mq se k|swh bc iebihq k|irmebh y amìemebh& }sizíq a|cycebh }sc ymé|m`hq rh`mbhq& cerheacq ffm`é m mfksehq bc fhq wchecq `mq w|sbcercq wm|m}sc vieicqce m lh|bh% _ieic|he cqrhq y eh diaic|he embm% Ffckñ fm ehadc viehrhbm escqr|m kcerc m lh|bh `cehq fmq r|cq viari`mq bcf lí|lm|h Qh|im%

Cqrhq rmfcq iebihq c|me fhq _ifcfm&‐ fhq bc fmq vmamq& fhq }sc c|m|ehq mviqmbhq wh| rhbhqfhq bc fm vmamq‐& bc fhq }sc osi`hq mviqmbhq wh| rhbhq fhq iebihq bc `mq m||ilm

wm|m }sc eh ehq oiíqc`hq bc cffhq% Y yh eh `c oimlm% Mqà cq }sc cqrmlm cf wcñe Jhqé Fcmeb|h ac|am bc fmq lirmq $<4) bc w|hm y fc `mebé fm|kmqc cf amlfc wm|mbcjm| amc| ce `cbih bcf |àh mf meafm%

Fcmeb|h fm|km cf amlfc y Qh|im `mebm mksmerm|& yh `c hwsqc m Qh|im wh|}scm}sà c|m qcks|h }sc ehq jskílm`hq fm vibm& `mebc wh| qcksebm vcq m Fcmeb|h}sc fm|kmqc cf amlfc& y Fcmeb|h }sc rm`liée fc ksqrmlm fm|km|qc bc fm lm||meamqic`w|c fm|kmlm se whah% Qh|im fh `mebh }sc m`m||mqc cf amlfc& yh }sc cfbimlfh `c ffcvmlm& fc bcaàm m Qh|im cqrhq qhe fhq iebihq bc fmq vmamq cra%

$<4) Lirm: whqrc bc `mbc|m }sc mqcks|mbh qhl|c aslic|rm qi|vc wm|m bm| vscfrm m fhq amlfcq bcfmeafm asmebh qc ohebcm sem emvc%



27 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Éf `c bcaàm }sc cqrmlme ahe fmq adiemq y adi}sirhq ce qcýmf bc wmz& yh fc bcaàm}sc eh c|m w|sbcerc oim|qc y k|irmlm m Fcmeb|h ‑ ¡Fm|kí& fm|kmlm cf& y Qh|im fck|irmlm ‑ ¡Mksmerí& y cer|c fm|kí y mksmerí aheqcksà ce bhq dh|mq bc biqwsrmmfcjm| cf Lm|ah ah`h =7 h =< vm|mq bc fm Lm||meam biqrmeaim qsoiaicerc wm|m }sceh wsbicqce fhq iebihq qmfrm| m lh|bh%

@mebé whec| sem meafm m w|hm wh| qi mamqh }siqicqce mrmam| cf Lm|ah y ah|rm| cfamlfc ‖$%%%) }sc fmq bhq am|hembmq& }siqc am|km| fhq osqifcq $%%%) }siqh‐% Qi c|m w|sbcercbcjm| r|cq viari`mq ce `meh bc cqrhq lí|lm|hq fh jszksc cf `sebh% M `cbim

ehadc Qh|im cer|ckñ fm ksm|bim& ‖qc `sbñ cf aceriecfm‐% Yh cqrmlm cq vc|bmb& ce fmaí`m|m wm|m ml|ikm|`c bcf |haàh& wc|h eh bs|ìcebh& asmebh qc hyñ semflh|hrh cer|c fm iebimbm% Qh|im eh qé qi bcf qsqrh bc se qmfrh cqrsvh ceai`m bcfm aslic|rm y yh mr|íq bc éf mkm||mebh fm `cadm wm|m ri|m| m fhq iebihq ahe fmam|hembm }sc cqrmlm ce ahfiqm $<9)&%

Cocarivm`cerc dslic|m fhk|mbh se ri|h dc|`hqh& wc|h rceim ce o|cerc m Qh|im mfaceriecfm A|cai| y eh whbàm bm|fc osckh qie `mrm| m mfkseh bc cffhq% Cqrmlmerhbhq fhq iebihq& mkhfwmbhq ceai`m bc fm lm||meam& qie `sjc|cq‐ $%%%) Amemfcq qc

ceaher|mlm ce fm h|iffm bcf mksm & ahe sem fmezm ce fmq `mehq ahe mbc`íe bcbcocebc|qc bc fhq iebihq% Ce cf mksm seh r|mq bcf hr|h }sc c|me Om|imq y Qmfmqa|cyc|he fhq escqr|hq& }sc seh c|m se wcñe escqr|h y cf hr|h mr|íq oscqc cf rik|c}sc fh ah||icqc& cf aceriecfm }sc rceim cf osqif am|kmbh }sc|àm ri|m|fc y Amemfcq}sc bijh eh fhq `mrce& qhe bc fhq escqr|hq% Mf ìq`h ric`wh A|cai| qc bihvscfrm dmaim ì }sc cqrmlm m fm ah|hembm& biaiéebh`c eh `c wcksc ce fm amlczmahe cf wmfh $c|m sem ofcadm fm }sc fc wckñ ce fm amlczm) yh cebc`heimbh }sc ehwhbàm ri|m| m fhq iebihq& k|iré -¡M fmq m|`mq `sadmadhq& Mf |sibh bc fhq vm|ihqosqifcq& biqwm|ñ fm iebimbm& y `mebm`hq ce sem amehmq m |cahkc| `mq mlmjh mOm|imq y Qmfmq y fhq r|cq vieic|he m lh|bh wh|}sc Qh|im mqà fh `mebñ%

$<9) Ahfiqm& wfmrmoh|`m ki|mrh|im qhl|c fm asmf ki|m fm as|cým qie |scbmq bc se amýñe%




Whl|c Qh|im $17) rceim sem fmezmbm `mq mlmjh bc fm lham bcf wcadh }sc amqi fhlmebcm $1=)% Om|imq mkm||ñ mf iebih dc|ibh| y fh r|mjh dmqrm fm h|iffm bcf mksm }scosc bhebc Amemfcq fh mkm||ñ& rceàm rm`liée hr|mq dc|ibmq adiamq% Fcw|ckserílm`hq }sc dmlàme dcadh m fhq iebihq& |cqwhebàme }sc embm& }sc fhqiebihq fhq qh|w|cebic|he bs|ìcebh%

Qi ehqhr|hq cqrílm`hq bs|ìcebh asmebh ehq dmffílm`hq mr|mambhq m fmlm||meam cq lice qcks|h }sc fhq iebihq ehq dslic|me qmfrmbh mlh|bh y bckhffmbhm rhbhq ehqhr|hq& w|sclm bc cqrh& cq }sc m}sà eh dslh cf mflh|hrh bc eieksemadiem& ei a|imrs|m& rm`liée cq w|sclm bc }sc fhq iebihq w|has|mlme kmrcm|ehqrhbm fm ehadc wm|m ri|m|ehq ofcadmq wc|h escqr|h wc||h }sc dmlàm }scbmbh ceric||m& eh bcjmlm mac|am|fhq qie bm|ehq mviqh& wm|cac }sc fhq ahehaàm }sc c|meescqr|hq cecìkhq& fhq iebihq fh ffm`mlme bcqwmairh wc|h cf wc||h `mq qccehjmlm& y mqà ehqhr|hq cqrílm`hq m fmq m|`mq%

$17) Qc r|mrm bc Om|àmq y eh bc Qh|im%

$1=) ‖Lmebcqrm‐: lmebcm& r|mqwmqm



2< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cq vc|bmb }sc hàm`hq ehqhr|hq }sc fhq iebihq k|irmlme m fh fcjhq& y escqr|hierc|w|crc bcaàm }sc fhq iebihq ilme m cqahebc| fmq adiemq ce cf `herc wh| ìcbh

m ehqhr|hq& y ahe cqrh }sc|àm Qh|im w|hlm| }sc Om|imq dmlàm ibh m fm |meadc|àmwh| ierc|éq bc mfksem adiem%

Rhbh wscbc qc|& wc|h Om|imq mercq bc `h|i| bijh }sc cf eh dmlàm |hlmbh cfrmlmah& y }sc `h|àm iehacerc%

Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh ohjm <1% Bc escqr|mq amehmq qc |cqlmfñ seh bc fhq wchecq%Cf `herc bc bhebc qmfiñ bcqwséq bc `cbim ehadc& qmfrmebh mf mksm& wc|qcksibhbc seh h bhq iebihq cra% %%% Qh|im ìcerc y |cìcerc% Qh|im cq }sice `mrñ m Om|imq&

¸wh|}sé eh fh `mebñ%%% vcei| m lh|bh mercq bc qc| dc|ibh& qieh bcqwséq8& qc fh`mebñ%%% $1<)

M`mecaiñ cf bàm y eh vcàm`hq m eiekúe iebih ei hàm`hq m embic% Fcq dmaàm`hqk|irm| wh| cf ierc|w|crc }sc vieicqce y }sc ehq bijcqce }sé fcq dmlàm dcadh cfwcñe }sc fh }sc|àm`hq amqrikm|& wc|h embic |cqwhebàm% Cerheacq wfmerm`hq fmfmezm }sc Om|imq r|mjh ceai`m bc fm lm||meam ahe fm wserm m||ilm& wm|m }sc fhqiebihq vic|me }sc ehqhr|hq eh ahbiaiílm`hq qsq m|`mq& y }sc eh fc rceàm`hqìcbh& y ehq fm|km`hq wm|m escqr|h bcqrieh%

Mf bm| fm vscfrm mf |àh $wscq }sc rhbh cq se am|mahfch) `mq mlmjirh ah`h asmb|my `cbim mf fmbh ìq`h bc fhq iebihq h bcf EC%& dmy sem lm||meam mfrm& `sadh`mq }sc asmermq dc`hq ceaher|mbh dmqrm m}sà& y dmy ce cffm `hercq bc í|lhfcqk|mebcq bc rhbm afmqc& `mfiaiílm`hq }sc mffà bclàme bc cqrm| fhq iebihqc`lhqambhq wm|m ri|m|ehq ofcadmq y mqà w|has|ílm`hq wmqm| fh `mq fcjhq whqilfc%

Ce fm hr|m wm|rc& cf |àh rceim sem wfmyirm bc fm asmf wmqm`hq `sy ac|}sirm ycqrmlm ce o|cerc ìq`h bcf `herc& y ce cffm qc ceaher|mlm se iebih cf asmf dizh

sem qcýmf y mf `h`cerh vieic|he bcf `herc semq asmermq ofcadmq& qie vc| }sicefmq ri|ñ& sem bc cffmq wmqñ ce `cbih bc Qh|im y A|cai|& wh|}sc m`lhq cqrmlme jserhq%

$1<) ‖ Bc escqr|mq amehmq qc |cqlmfñ seh bc escqr|hq wchecq mf `herc& bc bhebc qmfiñ bcqwséqbc `cbimehadc& qmfrmebh mf mksm wc|qcksibh bc sehq bhq iebihq ‐> ‖ Fh |cahki`hq m lh|bh aher|cq fmezmzhq }sc fc dmlàme bmbh ce cf `herc y fm iebimbm bcqmwm|caiñ ce se ieqrmerc ‐> ‖ Mfbàm qiksicerc `s|iñ cf wcñe Om|àmq%‐ - Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im-




M}sà cq bhebc Qh|im icerc $11) m ohjmq <2%

Bcqwséq }sc dmlàm`hq wmqmbh qmfiñ bcf `herc sem wh|aiñe bc iebihq ahe sehqadm}scrhecq `sy k|scqhq bc asc|h bc ah|bc|hq ah`h wm|m ml|ikm|qc bc fmqofcadmq }sc ehqhr|hq whbàm`hq ri|m|fc& mqà cq qs biviqm bc ksc||m%

Rhbhq cffhq qc wsqic|he m amìem|& dmaim cf fskm| ce bhebc cqrsvi`hq& y cebhebc di|ic|he m Om|imq& y eh m fm |meadc|àm& wceqmebh ceaher|m| mffí mf`h|ilsebh wm|m rh|em|qc fsckh m ctr|mc| cf a|íech bc Om|imq y dmac|qc sem rmqmwm|m lclc| ce cffm& ce c|imf bc r|iseoh& qckúe cq sqh cer|c cffhq& wc|h ehceaher|m|he qieh fm fmezm `mrmbh|m& }sc cffhq dme bc dmlc| rh`mbh m `mf

mköc|h% @mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq vm|imq ofcadmq ce cf mksm bc fmq }sc dmlàmeri|mbh m fm ehadc asmebh A|cai| `c bijh }sc eh fc wcksc% Bcqwséq ceaher|m`hqbhq iebihq bc fhq ìq`hq bc qic`w|c& ce sem wfmym y qc `merceàme m fh fcjhqwh| ìcbh% Fhq }siqi`hq |ckmfm| ah`h mìkhq& wc|h rceàme ìcbh bc mac|am|qc%Ehq bijc|he fcq wsqié|m`hq fh }sc fc }sc|àm`hq bm|& ceai`m bc se |mikñe }scmffà cqrmlm miqfmbh% Fcq wsqi`hq bhq kh||hq y bhq `mzhq bc rmlmah& }sc bcqwséq}sc ehqhr|hq dmlàm`hq wmqmbh& fhq osc|he m rh`m|%

$Bcf |àh)

Wh| m}sà cf |àh vicec `sadh `cjh| ym }sc eh vm|m`hq `mq& y qi mfksem vczvm|m`hq eh cq wh| omfrm bc mksm& ei bc c||m| cf amemf& wh|}sc cf mksm vm rhbmseibm ce se qhfh amemf& cq wh| bcqasibh `àh& }sc m vcacq ìcer|mq `m|ah cf |àhce cf wfme bim|ih cf ‐ $%%)|mlif‐ ri`hec|h qc |cascqrm `mq bc se fmbh }sc mf hr|h&wc|h ahe c`wsjm|qc se whah ahe fhq lhrmbh|cq mf `h`cerh $ cf lm|ah) qc mei`mqic`w|c% Cq se am|mahfch bc vscfrmq& y rme ah|rirmq }sc `c ffcvmlme mls||ibh% Mfm ehadc wm|m`hq%

$11) ‖Qmfi`hq bc mffà ahe qhf y mf wmqm| wh| sem lm||meam mfrm& ri|m|he mf ahìqihembh bhqofcadmq& mf qmfi| m fm aslic|rm& m asyh oie qc dmlàme mwh|rmbh $mwhqrmbh) bcr|íq bc fhq í|lhfcqffm`mebh hr|h bc cffhq ahe k|mebcq k|irhq fm mrceaiñe m fm lmebm hwscqrm % Eh c|me `íq }sc qciqs hadh fhq }sc mwm|caic|he ce bioc|cercq wm|rcq% Cf wcñe qie bsbm fhq dmlàm w|hvhambh&iercermebh |hlm|fhq h bc mfkúe hr|h `hbh ce qs |meadc|àh ‐ ‑ Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im-



22 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$@sc|rc bc Om|imq y rs`lm)

M fm `mýmem m`mecaiñ `sc|rh Om|imq% Eh fc bi`hq qcwsfrs|m m}sà wh| ìcbh m}sc fhq iebihq vieicqce m ah|rm|fc fm amlczm wh| cf ierc|éq bcf a|íech& wm|mdmac|qc sem rmzm& y mqà amìem`hq wh| escqr|h bcqrieh& ahe bcqchq bc ceaher|m|se fskm| wm|m bm| qcwsfrs|m mf bioserh% M fm rm|bc amìeílm`hq cer|c lm||meamqmfrmq bc se fmbh y hr|h& ah|rmbmq m wi}sc y bc ric||m ahfh|mbm ceai`m bc cffmq%C|m `herc a|cqwh }sc qhfh cf rik|c whbàm wcecr|m|fh% Cf |àh c|m wh| m}sà `symekhqrh y wh| aheqiksicerc dhebh& cqrc wm|mjc fh dc`hq aheqibc|mbh ñwri`hwm|m bm| qcwsfrs|m m Om|imq& bi`hq ohebh mf meafm qc dizh se dhyh ce fm lm||meambcf EC%& fh cerc||m`hq y qcksi`hq escqr|h amìeh% Cqrc `herc a|cqwh dm qibh

mfkh fm|kh y fc wsqi`hq cf eh`l|c bc @herc bc Om|imq& ce `c`h|im bcf bioserhy qcksi`hq wm|m cf bcqrieh%

$W|i`c|h Rhlmq)

Whah mercq bc r|m`herm| cf Qhf ffckm`hq ce se viqrhqh Wmf`m| bcf QH%




Mffà cqrmlme sehq =7 h =< iebihq ahe se amsrivh qmerimkscýh% C|me cqrhq Rhlmq%Cf `herc a|cqwh }sc wmqm`hq bclc qc| fm fàecm biviqh|im bc fhq Rhlmq ahe fhq

_ifcfmq mf EC% y ahe fhq Hahfiq mf QH& |ckmfm`hq m cqrhq y mf amsrivh rm`liée& y fcw|ckserm`hq wh| Mksqràe y Qmerimkh% Ehq bijh }sc cqrmlme `mq mlmjh& }sc`mýmem ehq vc|àm`hq ahe Mksqràe y }sc wibm`hq wh| qs filc|rmb% ]scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc m}sà% Cf |àh }sc ah||i`hq cqrc bàm dm qibh `sy dc|`hqh& cqrh cqdhebh y bc `sy wham ah||icercq& am|mahfcmbh ah`h fh bc`íq%

Cqrhq iebihq cevim|he mf amsrivh m mviqm| mf amai}sc Mksqràe% Ah`h bhq asmb|mq`mq mlmjh qc ceaher|mlm fm lm||meam bcf QH mfrm y ah|rmbm m wi}sc ahe se `herck|mebc bc rhbm afmqc bc í|lhfcq úrifcq% M fm ehadc qc osc|he cqrhq iebihq y vi`hq

ce cqrc `herc se osckh }sc w|has|mlme hasfrm|fh& y qceri`hq dmadcm| rhbm fm

ehadc& ah`h }sc r|hzmlme wmfhq& ehqhr|hq jszkílm`hq }sc bclàme dmac|zh}scrcq $12) bc `mbc|mq wm|m ri|m| wh| ceai`m bc fm lm||meam mf ric`wh bcwmqm|% Cqrm amfibmb bc m|`mq dslic|m qibh qsoiaicerc wm|m }scl|m| escqr|mqamlczmq y vceac|ehq% Rmf cq cf meadh ce cqrm wm|rc bcf |àh& Qh|im ìcerc ce qsfil|iffh o% $==)

Wh| fm `mýmem eh vcàm`hq m embic& y wh| cqh cq }sc ms`cermlm escqr|m

bcqaheoimezm& wc|h ehq |cqhfvi`hq m wmqm| h `h|i|% Fcvmerm`hq cf meafm& y ehqwsqi`hq m amìem| ce h|bce bc lmrmffm& cqrh cq 2 dh`l|cq m fhq |c`hq& seh mfri`ñe& cf |cqrh rhbhq ahe osqif y lmyhecrm ahe mrceaiñe m fm lm||meam& y rm`liéemf wcb|c|h& fmq `cadmq ceacebibmq& y ahe cqrc mqwcarh wmqm`hq fm lm||meam& qiehà| ei vc| m embic%

$Amai}sc Mksqràe)$Bcf r|mrh wm|m \cqamrm| fmq amsrivmq)

@mq mlmjirh ceaher|m`hq bm fm wm|rc bcf QH& mf amsrivh ahe 3 h ? amsrivmq }scamermlme dièhq m fmq _i|kce a|cycebh }sc àlm`hq m |cqamrm|fmq& dmlàm rm`liéeiebihq& fhq |ckmfm`hq% Bijh cf amsrivh }sc mksm|bíqc`hq m Mksqràe& ehqhr|hqbcaibi`hq amìem|% @mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq m Mksqràe $Mksqriecq Amai}sc bc fmmeriksm \cbsaaiñe bc Qme Lc|em|bh) }sc ehq mfamezm% Fh |ckmfm`hq& y fhr|mrm`hq wm|m filc|rm| m fhq amsrivhq%

$12) Rmahq bc `mbc|m bc aheqibc|mlfc wcqh y rm`mýh



2? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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24 Jsme jhqé Nhww

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37 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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3< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$27) ‖Ahe cf hjh mf adm|}sc‐& `hbiq`h }sc qikeioiam& cqrm| `sy mrcerh m fhq mahercaiìcerhq }scvmyme m qsacbc|%




$Qc bcqc`lm|am m rhbhq)

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wc|h m}sà r|mrm`hq bc mfcjm|fc bc fm iebimbm fh `mq }sc ehq oscqc whqilfc%

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Qc }scbñ amffmbh y osc m wcbi| se whah bc mksm|bicerc mf wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|hQh|im fcq bijh }sc ym lmqrmlm ahe fh }sc dmlàm rh`mbh% Fc ahercqrh Riasf}si }scéf eh wceqmlm eieksem ahqm `mfm%%%

Se whah `mq mlmjirh ce bhebc cf |àh oh|`mlm bhq lm||meamq mf fmbh bcf QH semlmjm y fm hr|m `mq mfrm& m`lmq ahe mfksehq m|lhfirhq y `maickmq& ehq bijhRiasf}si }sc fh whekm`hq mffà% Asmebh cf cqrmlm ceric||m vi`hq fcvmerm|qc bccer|c fm `maickm bc fmq bhq lm||meamq `sadhq iebihq m|`mbhq& y Riasf}si ehqk|irñ& -¡Dmqrm `mýmem& `mq mlmjirh& mdà& mdà& mdà



32 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Osi`hq se whah `íq mlmjirh y bi`hq ohebh ce `cbih mf |àh% Wmqm`hq fm ehadcahe `sadh asibmbh%

$W|cwm|maiñe wm|m cf ah`lmrc)

M fm `mýmem c|m w|caiqh w|cwm|m|qc wm|m wcfcm|% Bi se osqif m Amemfcq y seh mambm seh bc fhq wchecq `cehq m Jsme cf `mrmah }sc eh fh qmlim `mecjm|%Bhìekh Adh}sc `c `hqr|ñ }sc c|m `meah bc se l|mzh& y qswh dmac|qc cf`meah rm`liée y fc dc a|càbh& se rmf Qi`ñe \srm& `c `hqr|ñ }sc c|m `meah bcfhq bcbhq% Cf bioserh Fsaimeh Ofh| `c bijh }sc cf eh qmlim am|km|& y mqà rsvc }scdmac| fh qiksicerc& wcbà m Qmfksc|h sehq afmvhq y sem ‖vm|cksm‐& y cf `m|riffh c

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iebihq ri|ce ofcadmq eh mlmebhem|me fhq |c`hq%

$Ksc||m bc Riasf}si)

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bc fm|kh& 3 rc|aimq bc amým dscam bcf k|scqh bcf bcbh adiah y sem rc|aim bc wsermbc se wmfh hqas|h y osc|rc%

Ahe cqrm w|i`c|m bcqam|km eh }scbñ dc|ibh eiekseh% Amìem`hq y mf bm| fmhr|m vscfrm ce fm }sc rm`liée dmlàm `herc ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km bcofcadmq& y qc fc ahercqrñ ahe bhq h r|cq ri|hq bc osqif qhfm`cerc m fhq }sc qcbcjm|he vc|% Wmqrh| cf bioserh& bijh }sc dmlàm `sc|rh m seh bc cffhq& y }sc fhdmlàm viqrh amc|% Ehqhr|hq ceam|kílm`hq m fhq wchecq }sc eh ri|mqce mf `hercqieh }sc ahe ambm ri|h w|has|mqce vhfrcm| m seh bc fhq iebihq%

]sc diaicqce ascerm bc cqrm| amzmebh& y mqà fh dmaàme% Fhq iebihq ym cqrmlme

m}sà ce cqrc qcksebh fskm|& wh|}sc cf |àh vm bmebh vscfrmq& y ìcer|mq ehqhr|hqamìem`hq sem vscfrm& cffhq wmqme ce fàecm |carm m mksm|bm|ehq ce cf am|mahf bcfm hr|m%

Cf |àh cq rme mekhqrh }sc fmq ofcadmq qhe `h|rmfcq bc se fmbh mf hr|h bcf |àh&asmerhq `íq m ehqhr|hq }sc rceàm`hq }sc wmqm| jserh m fm lm||meam ce bhebccffhq cqrmlme c`lhqambhq%



3? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mercq bc ri|m| fmq ofcadmq hàm`hq qic`w|c se qiflibh ah`h bc se íksifm% Semwh|aiñe bc fhq iebihq cqrmlme bc m amlmffh y fm `myh| wm|rc m wic% Cqrhq iebihq eh

ricece `sadhq amlmffhq wh|}sc qc fhq ah`ce% Ce cqrm qcksebm bcqam|km ehqffcem|he bc ofcadmq wc|h qie dc|i| m embic& y k|iríebhehq fh ìq`h }sc ce fmw|i`c|m% Rm`liée escqr|hq wchecq fcq k|irmlme fh ìq`h m cffhq% Mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm y cq bc mbvc|ri| }sc mf ric`wh }sc ehq mfcjílm`hq bcf ri|h& hàm`hq mRiasf}si }sc ehq k|irmlm: -¡Dmqrm `mq mlmjirh-& ce cqrm rc|ac|m bcqam|km rm`whahdme dc|ibh m embic& fhq wchecq |h`wàme fmq ofcadmq }sc cqrmlme afmvmbmq ce cfahqrmbh bcf Lm|ah y ce fhq asc|hq y fmq ri|mlme mf mksm% Yh fc bcaàm }sc fmq cadcece fm lhbckm& wc|h Qh|im fhq `mebmlm m }sc fmq ri|ce mf mksm& bc qsc|rc }sc semilm m fm lhbckm y =7 mf mksm& }sc bcqwséq ycebh ehqhr|hq `mq mbcfmerc& fhqiebihq qc ri|mlme mf mksm m |cahkc|fmq wm|m vhfvc|fmq m ri|m| ahe fm wserm |hrm%

Qcksi`hq qic`w|c amìemebh& cf |àh vceim `sy lice% M fm hr|m vscfrm eh dmlàm`herc& y qc c`lhqam|he ce se bcqam`wmbh& wc|h seh bc cffhq mqh`ñ fm amlczmcerheacq escqr|hq wchecq fcq diaic|he `sadmq ls|fmq& khfwcíebhqc fm lham% Mfbm| fm hr|m vscfrm dmlàm `herc& y ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km& qc fc ahercqrñ ahe 2osqifmzhq% M}sà }scbh dc|ibh bc sem ofcadm A|cai| }sc qc fc afmvñ ce cf l|mzhiz}sic|bh% Mfksehq biace }sc fmq wsermq bc fmq ofcadmq qhe vcecehqmq& wc|h yhqm}sé m A|cai| bhq mqriffmq bcf l|mzh m fhq =4 `cqcq& ìcer|mq cqrmlm`hq ceescqr|h amsrivc|ih& qie aherm| hr|mq `sadmq `íq adi}sirmq }sc fc qmfàme& bcasmebh ce asmebh% @icer|mq ilm ws|kmebh fm dc|ibm& cf eh rsvh `mq `cbiah& ei`mq |c`cbih }sc fm w|hvibceaim% Wh| aheqiksicerc fm wserm eh c|m cevcecembm%

A|cai| aheqc|vm fm mqriffm k|mebc }sc yh fc qm}sc y fm ricec m}sà ce qs whbc|%



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mfkm||hlh& y bcqwséq }sc wmqm`hq cf í|lhf ah`h m whah `mq bc sem asmb|m

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mfkseh bc ehqhr|hq% Fhq wchecq fh vic|he& y fhq 2 cqrsvic|he fiqrhq ahe fhqosqifcq mwsermbhq mf iebih m `cbibm }sc ehq àlm`hq mac|amebh% Bcaàme m cqrcBhe Wmlfh fc ri|m`hq& eh fc ri|ce& bcaàm cf& fc ri|m`hq& eh fc ri|ce& }sc cqrh c|m fh}sc qic`w|c bcaàm Qh|im% Cf iebih qc w|cwm|m wm|m ri|m| fm ofcadm eh biqrmebh bcehqhr|hq 1 vm|mq wh|}sc fm ah||icerc ehq ffcvmlm ‖ce fmq dscffmq m qi‐& ac|am bc fmlm||meam% Yh vicebh }sc Qh|im eh }sc|àm }sc fc `mrce y }sc cf iebih ilm m fm|km|fm ofcadm fcq k|irc -¡rà|cefc-% Fc ri|m|he fhq 2& eh biqrmebh bc fm lham bc fhqosqifcq mf iebih bhq vm|mq y }scbñ `sc|rh% Mf bm| hr|m vscfrm diac osqifm| hr|hiebih vicjh ahe cf ìq`h cqrifh }sc cf hr|h% Ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km ahewhamq ofcadmq% Mf bm| hr|m vscfrm ehq diaic|he hr|m bcqam|km cqrm osc fm `mq

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Fmq lm||meamq c|me mfrmq y wh| cqh c|m }sc eh whbàm`hq vc| m fhq iebihq wc|h& qiyh hr|m vcz rsvic|m }sc wmqm| wh| mffà wheb|àm mf lm|ah se í|lhf ahe sem ahom $2=) bc fm mfrs|m bc fmq lm||meamq }sc qc|íe bm =< vm|mq bc mfrh y ce fm wm|rc `mq mfrmbc fm ahom bhq dh`l|cq ahe bhq r|mlsahq& y fcq dm|àm wm|mwcrhq bc asc|h wm|mml|ikh bc fmq ofcadmq& mqà cqrhq eh bcjm|àme m||i`m| m fm lm||meam m eiekúe iebih%Riasf}si ehq k|irñ mf mamlm| fm úfri`m bcqam|km: -¡Dmqrm `mýmem & y eseam

`ceràm%

$Mlm|im)

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$2=) Ahom: @cqcrm ahfhambm dh|izhermf`cerc ce cf ascffh bc se wmfh%



34 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Ehqhr|hq eh qmlàm`hq }sc rmf whbàme qc| fhq qmfrhq& wc|h wh| adiahq }sc oscqce&qmfrhq dmlàme bc qc|% Yh w|has|mlm fm qmfvmaiñe bcf lm|ah wh|}sc qi fh wc|bàm`hq

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M `mq bc cqrh& whbc`hq vm|m| ce mfkúe bcqwfmymbh wh| se whah `mq }scamfc`hq bc mksm& y qc| mffà mr|mambhq cra%& wh| aheqiksicerc fc bijc }sc c|m iwm|cac| cadm| rhbh m= mksm bcjmebh qhfm`cerc fh ecacqm|ih wm|m fm aheqc|vmaiñebcf Lm|ah y bc fm vibm% - Sqrcb eh ikeh|m fm bclifibmb bc escqr|h lm|ah wscq eh

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M fm `mýmem vi`hq m fhq iebihq ce bhq k|swhq ce fm wm|rc bcf EC% Y m Riasf}si




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wc|iñbiamq ah`h m||ilm%

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Cqrh fc bijh ahe rhbm qsq osc|zmq% Cqrc cq cf bcqcekmýh& biac Qh|im ce qs fil|iffh&}sc |cailic|he qsoiaicerc cra% $2<)% Mfcjmeb|h }siqh ri|m| se lmfmzh m Riasf}si yQh|im eh }siqh%

$Mbiñq bc Riasf}si)

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$2<) ‖Mf qiksicerc bàm qc bcqasibm|he se whah fhq iebihq ce bcjm|qc vc| mf bcqam`wmbh y mffà|cailic|he se bcqcekmýh qsoiaicerc wm|m eh vhfvc| m ri|m| `mq ofcadmq mse}sc ehq qiksic|he wh|

fm ahqrm mf bàm qiksicerc ‐ Bim|ih Wmlfh Qh|im%



?7 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$Bcf Qmfrh bc Iqñ)

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M}sà cf |àh c|m mfkh `mq meadh y rceim se k|me lmeah bc k|cbm macirhqm mf EC%}sc qhl|cqmfàm bcf mksm ah`h sem vm|m% Ce fh `íq mfrh dmlàm mfksehq |mikhecq%Rceb|í bc fm|kh ah`h =97 vm|mq `íq h `cehq y bc meadh 47 vm|mq bcqbc cfmksm dmqrm fm lm||meam mfrm bcf EC%

Ce cf `cbih h `mq& mf QH dmlàm hr|h lmeah miqfmbh }sc fh qcwm|mlm bc fmlm||meam bcf QH& se amemfirh bc mksm ah`h bc =4 vm|mq bc meadh ce bhebc `mqrceim cqrc lmeah c|me 97 m =77 vm|mq bc fm|kh& y semq ?7 vm|mq bc meadh% Ce cf`cbih c|m fh `mq mfrh& }sc dml|í qibh bcf eivcf bcf mksm sem vm|m y bc mffà ilm

ce biqìesaiñe dmqrm cf mksm& m `hbh bc wfmym%

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lmeah% Ehq bcrc|ìem`hq m wmqm| wh| cf amemfirh& mse}sc dmlàm ce fm h|iffm bcflmeah vm|ihq `hkhrcq bc fm iq`m k|cbm }sc fm bcf lmeah& m `hbh bc wmecq bc



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?=

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$21) Bc oifm|& m||im| w|hk|cqivm`cerc se amlfc



?< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$Jsme Jhqé amai}sc)

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vieic|he `íq iebihq& y vieh fm ehadc% Jsme Jhqé ahe qs dc|`meh qc osc|he mric||m& y qsacbc }sc Adh}sc amyñ mf mksm& y r|mq cf qc ri|m|he bhq iebihq wm|mqmfvm|fh%

$22) ‖M `cbim fcksm `mq mlmjh qc mwm|caiñ seh wcqamebh& }sc ieqrmbh m }sc bijcqc bc }scemaiñe c|m& ahercqrñ }sc c|m iebih eh`íq& amai}sc bc fmq bhq ahqrmq y }sc qc ffm`mlm Jsme Jhqé:c|m rhlm& ah`h fh qhe rhbhq bcqbc fm |cbsaaiñe bc Amekmyé dmqrm cf Wm|mksmy& éf cqrmlmi`wscqrh bc fmq has||ceaimq bc m||ilm y eh }siqh dhqrifizm|ehq `mq& w|hlmlfc`cerc wh| dmffm|qcce |cfmaiñe bc mìqrmb ahe cf Ctacfceràqi`h khlc|embh| bc Añ|bhlm& bhe Wcb|h Oc||é‐% Bim|ihWmlfh Qh|im



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?1

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Mf hr|h bàm ehq bijh Jsme Jhqé }sc ehq ilm mksm|bm| m qs amqm& y ehqhr|hqqcksi`hq m am`iemebh%

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$Jsme Jhqé acfcl|m fm wmz)

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?2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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wh| cf amemf bcf EC% @mebc }sc sem amehirm wmqm|m wh| cf amemf bcf QH y vi& }scfhq bhq rceàme lmqrmerc mksm& cqrh cq& cf `ceh| ohebh qc dmffmlm m ? rc|aimq bcvm|mq%

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$Cer|ckm y oie)

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?? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ?;

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‖M}sà dc hlqc|vmbh fm fmfrm wh| `cbih bc rmds|m `cbimem fm mfrs|m bc <?º 4=+ 3<++ Qsbahe fiaceaim bcf mfoé|cz \úm‐%

Cf bàm =9 ehq ffcvm|he cqri|mebh dmqrm Ýc`lsah y ehq wsqic|he ce $  )% M}sàah`à yh se whah bc wme y `c vhfviñ cf adsadh%

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;2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$ì ceoc|`cbmb qc bcafm|m adsadh rc|aimem h }shribimem)

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;? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

qc|im `sy lsceh A|cai| m lh|bh wh|}sc cericebc mfkh bc `m|iem& wc|h }sc cfrmlmah wcfik|mlm `hadh wh| vm|imq ahqmq& cf w|i`c|h }sc cf Lm|ah c|m `sy bclif

y eh c|m cadh wh| am|km| embm& qcksebh }sc amfm|c`h `mq mksmq y qrm|c`hq `mcqwscqrhq m lm|m|& rc|ac|h }sc rh`mebh se r|h`wiahe ce mfksem ahqm ahe cfLm|ah qi cf Lm|ah rceb|í mbcer|h 277 m|hvm `mq& qc|í se r|h`wiahe }scc}sivmfb|í m sem `mqm bc 277 m||hvm y }sc escqr|h Lm|ah c|m `sy bclif y ehcqrmlm wh| cqrmq admeaimq& }sm|rh }sc qi fhq yebih ehq iqicqce fm ksc||m ehqahevceb|im rcec| cf Lm|ah `mq mfivimbh }sc qc oscqc whqilfc& wh|}sc amfmebh`mq mksmq whbim`hq vm|m| ce mfkse bcqwfmymbh y fhq yebihq bm|ehq semlh|bmjc& rm`lice qi fhq yebihq ehq mqce fm ksc||m rceb|c`hq }sc qmfrm| fhq bhqqmfrm| }sc biace rcec| cf Lm|ah amlmf`cerc ce bhebc fhq yebihq cqrme `mfhq& ywm|m qmfrm|fh cq `cecqrc| cf Lm|ah vmqih wh|}sc wscbc mofham| mfksem rmlfmq y

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$Bhe _iarh|ieh ehq bm fmq ctwcbiaihecq)

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Wmlfh Qh|im m w|mariam| cf |cahehai`icerh bcf \ih Lc|`cjh& cevimbh wh| fmQhaicbmb ffm`mbm bcf Lc|`cjh& ym w|hrctibm wh| rhbmq fmq w|hvieaimq seibmq bcf\ih bc fm Wfmrm& y w|ckm`hq mfmq Emzihecq m`ikmq bc mstifim|fh& w|hrctc|fh cracr% Ahe cf Lm|ah Qme Qmfvmbh| mfimq cf Wmiqmeh& c}siwmbh wh| cf Wifhrh EiahfmqBcqamfzi y fc}siwmkc ah|cqwhebicerc

Ecf C}siwmk

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Qi`he \siq ?

Mrmemaih yeam ?

Jhqc ficeb|h ?

O|meaiqah Amqriffh ?

Em|aiqh Bimq ?

Bh`iekh Adh}sc ?%Seh cerc|w|crc rhlm biqc|rñ

Wmqmjc|h Bhe Fsiq A|cai| %

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$mbvc|rceaim }sc mkh m Qh|im)

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;4 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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$Amfibmb bc escqr|h C}siwmk)

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Jsjsi& cra% cra% fh `mq c|me biqc|rh|c bc fhq |casfrmq }sc fhq qmfrceihq c`limlme mLscehq Mi|cq wm|m mqc| fm ksc||m m fhq L|mqifc|h%

$Qh|im eh a|cim ctcjsbm| cf vimk)

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ì bclif asc|wh dh lice `h|i| bc sem vcq%

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ì Wfme%

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47 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

lsceh }sc qswfim wh| fm ìqc|mlfc ah`wmkeim bcf Lm|ah qieh slh wmfh ahe vicfmcq wh|}sc eh fh ecacqirmlm`h& bc `mqimbh m wm|cqh r|mim`hq& ahe r|mc| lmqrmerc

`miq wm|m mqc| `mrc& y ahe fhq omqiec|hqhq% }sc `mq }scbm`hq& bc`mqimbhqmwm|cjm-bhq cqrmlm`hq& v bcqwhcq qi slic|m qhqcbibh mfkhem mlmbm ecf Amìehahe rh`m| mfkse wsc|rh bc fhq \cycq bcf Admah cq lice qcks|h }sc ehq slic|meqhah|ibh ahe fhq }sc ricece ce qsq m|qcemfcq%

$Ehrm) Qh|im biac }sc ehq rceim`hq `mq }sc se |c`h& y A|cai| biac eiekseh&wm|cac }sc }sc|àme m|`m| M Qme Qmfvmbh| ah`h sem kmfc|m yh bikh rm`lice }scrceim`hq whahq wc|h ei Qh|m ei A|cai| r|mlmqm|he eiekseh bc fhq }sc mlim& vbikh yh }sc rceim`hq `mq |c`hq& }sc |c`c|hq& mqi m qmam|c yh fm ascerm bc fhq

|c`hq& y Qh|m qm}sc fhq bc fhq |c`c|hq& y fm ascerm }sc qmah cq bc fhq |c`hqcadhq wh| ìq w|hw|imq `mehq y hjmfí `c wmkm|c fm cadh|m bc cffhq }sc rhbmlim`c fm bclc% Se |c`h `sy k|mebc wm|m khlc|em| ahe cf Lm|ah 3 wh| cf Lm|ah`sy fiebh 3 wh| fm amehm k|mebc seh bc cffhq se whah `mq fm|kh wm|m khlc|em|fm amehm& r|cq `mq adiah }sc c|me wh| sem amehm `mq adiam& }sc mqceqh qc bcjhffcvm| wh| cf \ih ce ric`wh bc a|caicerc& ce fm }smf qc wc|bc|me bhq |c`hq `mq&rhbhq cqrhq cqrmlme m lh|bh y osc|he cadhq rhbhq wh| ì ecf @hq}sirmf ce fhqbimq bc oicqrmq ksmebh fhq wchecq ilme m H|me y c|me bc `mbc|m wcrc|cli& cf|c`h fm|kh bc fm amehm k|mebc fh vhkmvm cf wche Qi`he \siq bm se wh|riffh bmAmehe `sy lice bc `mec|m }sc c|me =< |c`hq wh| rhbhq& y `mq 2 bc fmq

amehiríq bc qcb|hq `sy c|`hqh y bc fsth cadhq rm`lice wh| ì& ybhq wmfhq`mq rm`lice wh| fmq bhq amehyrmq rm`lice cadhq wh| ì& qm}sc fm }scerm Qh|mbc Fhq \c`c|hq

Mf whah |mrh ffckh Qh|m ahe fmq bhq amehirmq& y ehq whqi`hq m amìem| fh `ckh|whqilfc& ahe fmq bhq amehirmq mbcfmercq wc|ñ ehq c|me amqi yesrif wh| ehqmlc|fmqkhlc|em| escqr|hq amehc|hq& bc qsc|rc }sc cf Lm|ah y fmq amehmq ilme fh ìq`h}sc Bhe }sithrc y qmeadh m fm qsc|rc }sc ehqhr|hq rceim`hq cq }sc eh mlim`hfiehq `mfhq& }sc qi fhq slicqc eh ceascer|m|im`hq Wicbmb ce fhq @hfiec|hq$fhq yebihq) bcf Admah wh|}sé ehq bcjm|ime cqr|cffm|ehq wm|m ah`c|ehq m rmjmbmq

mqmbhq& y mqc| bc escqr|mq amfmlc|mq rmqmq bc lclc|& qcasebh fsqh m`c|iameh%

M fmq bhq bc fm rm|bc Wm|cqim }sc ym bclim`hq cqrm| ecf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf&fskm| cebhebc mlim bc mlc| kcercq m ksm|bm|ehq& y bc ìcbh bc wmqm| bc seohebh wh|}sc mffi bclim`h bcqc`lm|am| m fhq r|cq Qcýh|cq }sc rceim`hq mlh|bhcf rc|ceh m}si c|m lmjh dh wh| wcqh| bcai| lmkembhq bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbimmebm| qi ceomekm|qc& y c|m iesrif wceqm| cevim| mfkseh bc fhq escqr|hq c`lsqambc fhq bc `mq dh bcf Wscqrh& Bhe _iarh|ieh bijh% Ah`h m|c`h wh| ffm`m|& wscqmh|m fh lc|í fc biqc yh Am|ksc sem am|hembm& y rm`lice fc whqc mfksemq wicb|mq

wm|m ri|m| m sem qc|imf& y w|hvm|`c }sc rmf m|riffc|h c|m yh& y ahe cf |sibh c|m|ckhfm| }sc hycqce fhq }sc ehq mksm|bmlme& fmq wicb|mq }sc wsqc ce fm am|hembm




fmq r|mi|m`hq mlh|bh bcqbc qmebsm& wh|}sc cebhebc cqrmlm`hq eh mlim ei semqi eh m|cem y omekh%

Am|kmbm }sc osé rh`c wserc|im m se hlkcrh& y ahe se ri|he biqc m se wche }scbicqc osckh& wc|ñ rslh ìcbh biqc m hr|h }sc bc osckh rm`lice rslh ìcbh y mseh mseh fh biqc m rhbhq& mqrm A|cai|& y eiekseh }siqh mqc|am|qc }sc qcm& biosckh yh y bi ce fm qckemf%

Amýhecq rceim`hq wc|ñ eh m|riffc|hq%

@mq rm|bc qc yqh hr|h ri|h& y wmqh fh ìq`h& y vicebh }sc embic vim-`hqc`lim`hq sem amehirí ahe a|cai| y bhq Wchecq mqrm fm jserm wm|m }sc bc mffmoscqce fhq bhq wchecq mf wscqrh bc @mb|ikmf mviqm| }sc ym mlim`hq amìembh`mq bc fh qcýmfmbh y }sc rceim`h ìcbh bc wmqm| `mq mlmjh& bc ehadc ymlhfviñ fm amehm& y ehq `mebm|he bcai| }sc amìem`hq `mq qie bcqahoimezmmfksem }sc bc w|caiaihe mlim`hq bc wmqm| cebhebcq cqrmlme y }sc mlime hybhqfmq amehýmqhq wc|ñ eh whbime lcei| wh| cf lmýmbhq%

CI bim =4 wh| fm `mýmem ehq whqi`hq m amìem|& y mwham biqrmezm ce aher|m`h m@mb|ikmf m amlmffh& y cf \ih }sc mlim |hrrh mffm bc|cadm y wh| mffi ilm fm `myh|wm|rc bc fmksm% `mebc ahe sem amehirm m|cahehac| cf amhqc vickh y rceim whammksm y `sy bcqwm|m`mbm& `mb|ikmf rm`lice ehq bikh }sc qhfm`cerc wh| m}scfamemfirh whbim`h wmqm| ah`h cocrilm`cerc wmqm`hq& y rc`w|meh ffckm`hq mfwscqrh bc @mb|ikmf& m }si mlim sem lm|me}sirm bc rc|ceh oi|`c mf fmbh bcfwscqrh dh mf 47% Wserh seiah }sc mì `c wm|caih lsceh wm|m oiqm| secqrmlfcai icerh& wh|}sé cq ce rc|ceh oi|`c y cf \ih bcqbc cf `hq}sirmf m fm Wmfamcq ieemvckmlfc y bcqbc fm Wmfam m }si m se }sc sqmi wicb|mq ehq cq embm lsceh&

y eh qc mbcfmerm|im embm ahe i| mqrm fm Wmfam& wh|}sc mffm cf rc|ceh eh cq oi|`c& ycf amìeh wh| i| m Qmfrm cq `mjh| bcf fmbh bcf qsb bcf \ih bc Jsjsi }sc bmf Eh|rcwh|}sc bmf Eh|rc cq ieah`hbh wh| fhq `hadhq \imsadhq }sc mi& vcmqc cf Wfme%

@mb|ikmf cq bc fhq qmfrcýhq cf `mq ac|ameh m fhq yebihq dh cer|c ehq ìq`h& ceqs amqm rceim qic`w|c bivc|qhq @mrmksmyhq& y `mrmahq& ahe qhq adiemq& ehqhr|hqecacqirmlm`hq bc ierc|w|crc& mfh`cehq @mrmah& wc|h eiekseh bcfhq yebihq }scmlim ce amqm bc @mb|ikmf }sc|àm vcei|& m se }sc Bhe Merheieh }sc c|m cfAh`mebmerc bc fm O|herc|m bc Qmfrm bc m}scffm wm|rc& }sc fm ffm`me bcf \ih bcf

_mffc& fcq |hkmvm `hadh& bcaime cffhq }sc fh yebihq bc `mq mlmqhq cqrh cq fhqrhlmq fcq mlime bc `mrm|& viqrh `mb|ikmf }sc eh ceaher|m`hq eieksehcerc|w|crc ehq biqh adc cf rceim se dijirh }sc qc mlim a|imbh cer|cq fmq



4< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

@mrmksmymq }sc rceim ce qs amqm y }sc mlfmlm fm fceksm bc fhq yebihq @mrmahqy @mrmksmyhq }sc cq sem `iq`m& wc|ñ }sc cf `hadmadh c|m bc `sy wham cbmb&

ehq hr|hq ah`liem`hq ffcvm| mf `hadmadirh `mq lice }sc embm& y Qh|im iqh semaher|mrm m @mb|ikmf bc wmkm| ? wcqhq `ceqsmfcq m cf wh| qm dijh mqrm vhfvc|qcfh%

Mv|í rceibh cf `hadmadh  mýhq bc cbmb& bc se emrs|mf amffibh ah`h fhqyebihq& yc|m yebih ecrrh cf rm`lice wc|ñ bc fhq A|iqrimehq bc Qmfrí ahe cqrcierc|w|crc mlim whah }sc aherm|%

$Se yebih vicec bc ierc|w|crc wc| fm wmwcfirm ie amlih bc bhq Ycksmq)

_ieh se wche mviqm| m Bhe Merheieh }sc Jsme yebih @mrmksmyh y }sc mlfmlmcf Cqwmýhf lcec|im bc ierc|w|crc ahe rmf }sc cf fc bicqc se wmwcfirh wm|m }sc cfqm|kcerh E fc cer|ckm|m fmq bhq ycksmq }sc cf rh|eh m fhq Rhlmq& Bhe Merheiehfh iqh ffm`m| mf `h`cerh y fc biqh Jsme mebmrc wscq s`l|c }sc ksmebh vscfvcqrc bm|é fm wmwcfirm wm|m }sc cf Qm|kcerh rc cer|mksc bhq ycksmq& y rc |ckmfm|c yhahe se wieadh bc lmycrm ahfh|mbm& y Qh|m rc wmkm|c m ? wcqhq `ceqsmfcq&ahercqrñ cf yebih& qrm lsceh Qcýh|% _cme fm ieocfiqibmb bc fhq yebihq dh fmqi`wfcqm cqrc whl|c qmfih ahe fhq Qmfrcýhq m wcfcm| aher|m fhq Rhlmq }sc }sc|ime|hlm| m fmq cqrmeaimq o|herc|izm& y ce fm wcfcm Jsme `mrh bhq Yebihq Rhlmq

`hermbhq ce ycksmq& y mkm|ñ fmq bhq ycksmq% y bcqwhcq cqrc qm|kcerh fhqcer|c`lc|ñ ahe qsq mei`mfcq y eh }siqh cer|ckm|fm m Jsme wh| }scbm|qc ahecffmq& y Jsme ahe rmf }sc cf Ah`mebmerc fc bc se wmwcfirh wm|m ahl|m| qsqycksmq vieh cf whl|c m||shfm|qc cf rm`lice / Bhe _iarhbeh lhfvih m ieqrm| mQh|m wm|m `sbm| h }sirm| m }sc ffmq wmfml|mq bc fmq Cqwcbiaihecq& W|hrctibm wh|rhbmq fmq W|hvieaimq seibmq bcf \ih bc fm Wfmrm biaicebhfc Bhe Wmlfh rhbmlimcqrm`hq m ric`wh wc|h Qh|m eh fh aheqierih& m fm ascerm }sc|àm }sc qc bcafm|m|msem ksc||m wh| qs wc|qhem& y mqi qc| eh`l|mbh mf `hebh Bhe _iarh|ieh fcq bithmfh`ceh ffcvc se wfckh bc cqrc Khlic|eh }sc yh fc mqc bc |cah`cebmaihe wh| cfbcf Wm|mksmy& eh fh }siqh rme whah%

$A|scfrmb bc Qh|im)

CI bim =9 ym ehq w|cwm|m`hq wh| bm|ehq c fmbihq bc rhbhq% Bhe _iarh|ieh Bithmf Bhe Wmlfh& mivm Bhe Eiahfmq `sy ceoc|`h y eh ffcvm S% ei se whffh wm|mmqcbc amfbh& wh|}sc eh `mebm S% ah`w|m| whffhq y kmffiemq& yh hy cqrmqctw|cqihecq y cer|cvi }sc bmlm `sy mk|mbcaibh m Bhe _iarh|ieh wc|h cfikeh|mlm fm wc|qcasaihe }sc Qh|m `c dmaim% Qc mac|añ Qh|m m `i y `c bith ú ú éBhe Eiahfmq%%% }sic|c%%% S%%% }sc  qc%%% ah`%%% w|c%%% whffhq  wm|m  dmac|fc 

amfbh%




@c iqh qhli| fm qmek|c& y `cbih m fhambh fc ahercqrc ahe `sadm |mlim& Qmlc S% fh}sc mi& cq }sc }sic|h yh }sc ehq vmym`hq bc sem vcz `mq mlmqh& yh qi `c bc

`h|i|& fh ìq`h cq amfbh bc adm|}sc }sc amfbh bc whffh% Cf lm|lm|h h|mw|ckserm bc mqc|`c8 fhq whffhq vmfime m `cbih |cmf ambm seh& y eh c|m w|caihwm|m bcqm| bc ah`c|fh asmerh `mq wm|m mac|amfbh m se ceoc|`h% Bhe _iarh|ieh}scbh mbì|mbiqi`h bc cqrh& y fh ìq`h fhq hr|hq bhq Qcýh|cq% Jm`mq chfvibmbhq cqrmq ctw|caihecq& ei a|ch fmq ml|me hfvibmbh fhq hr|hq r|cq Qcýh|cq&ahe fhq bc`mq ai|ahqrmerc%%%%wscq }sc osc|he fmq sfri`mq& y ehq bcqwcbi`hq bcrhbhq y ehq fm|km`hq ym m escqr|h mvcers|mbh vimjc ahe << wc|qhemq mlh|bhcer|c lscehq y `mfhq%

$Qmfibm mf Admah)

Amìem`hq ahe cf \ih |cksfm| Lsceh mqrm fmq heac bc fm `mýmem& }sc iqc m`m|m|cf Ls}sc m fm Lm|meam wh| ah`ceqm|`c m bm| cf o|ih% ahe fhq rc`lfh|cq bcfadsadh y ce qcksibm fm amfcers|m rme osc|rc }sc `c maií bcqvm|im| rhbhq fhq bimq&rmf c|m fm osc|zm }sc `c qmasbim% y `c bs|mlm cqrm `cbim ehadc wmqmbm%

$Qh|im @cbiah wh| `mrm|`c)

Cf bim <7 Qh|m qc |cqhfvih bm|`c se vhìrivh bc rm|rm|h c`criah% yh rm`lice `c|cqhfvi m rh`m|fh& y mqi eh amìem`hq embm cqrc bim A|cai| ahe fhq wchecq qcwsqic|he mac| r|cq |c`hq bc qmsqc wm|m cf Lm|ah% Ceqi`m bcf vhìrivh rh`c sewhah bc amfbh bc `hrc wh|}sc cf bc adm|}sc fh mlh|cqim ceqr|c`h& y cq `syamfibh& fm amfcers|m cqrc bim `c bih `sadh `mq osc|rc%

Mf m`mecqc| bcf <= qcqñ se whah fm amfcerh|m& qh|m `c |cacrñ hr|h vhìrivh& m fmascerm }sc|àm bm| oie ahe ìkh& yh m`hbh bc bcqcqwc|mbh& bcqcmebh ah|rm| filhbc ì vibm `mq mercq }sc wmbcqc| `mq& rh`c rhr|h vhìrivh& y eh qswc ah`h

wmqc m}scf bim%

$Ehrm) Fhq yebàhq qc mbì|me `sadh bc fmq h|bcecq }sc fhq A|iqrimehq bme wh|cqa|irh y fmq mw|caime `sadh%

M`mecaih ah`h cf bim << y mercq bc rh`m| }sc qcm se k|meh bc `mrc& rh`c hr|hvhìrivh& ah`h yh whbim qc| qc wscbc i``miem|%

$@c w|cwm|h m `h|i|)



42 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Cf bim <1 A|cai| qcwsqh m amìem| y Qh|m ilm fcvmermebh cf wfme& dh `m|amebh cfas|qh bcf \ih ym bc ì eh cqwc|mlme embm& qieh }sc cqwi|mqc% Yh ce ì ah|mqhe

`c ceah`cebmlm m Bihq ym eh rceim hr|h |cah|qh& rceim w|cqcerc rhbhq ìqbcqvm|àhq& y fhq hfr|mjcq }sc ceah`wmýim bc fhq i`wihq diqc mf Qcýh|& m }si cecqrc cqrmbh wcbi m Qme Jhqé oscqc ì wmb|ieh& y fc bitc ahe rhbh ì ah|mqhe& }scqc yh whbàm qc| srif rhbmlim m ì w|hti`h `c aheqc|vm|m ì vibm y mfivimqc ì`mf& wc|ñ }sc qc yh slic|m bc qc| wc|jsbiaimf bs|merc ì vibm mf w|hti`h& h|ciqicqc ctwi|m| bc sem vcq& y w|cqcerc|ñ ì mf`m mf Qcýh| wibicebhfc wc|bhe bcfmq hoceqmq }sc fc iqc cra%

Fh|ceqh Qmfksc|h diqh amoé wh| Qh|m& y A|cai|& y bc cqrc `c r|sqh se whah m ìrm`lice }sc fh rh`c& `mq rm|bc `c aceri se whah `mq |cqwi|mebh& y wcbi mQmfksc|h `c diqicqc ré `c fh diqh& y fh rh`c ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq }sc fhq r|cqQcýh|cq ehq mlime bcjmbh jserm`cerc ahe cf ré y amoé%

$@c qcerh mfkh mfivimbh)

M fmq =< rhbmvim eh `c mlim bmbh ec qc|imf bc adsadh mfkh `c qcerim mfkh `cjh|hr|h whah bc ré ahe mfksemq |hq}scrmq& m fm sem `c biñ amfcers|m eh rme osc|rc yqie bm|`c o|ih& mercq bc mehadcqc| `c qc|ñ fm osc|zm bc fm oicv|c% A|cai| `mebhm`m|m| cf Lm|ah%

Qh|m }siqh mlfm| ahe ìkh bcf \ih wc|ñ yh bcqvm|imlm `sadh& y ce cqrhqbcqvm|ihq `c cehqmlh `sadh ahe Qmfksc|h wh| qs wc|cqm%%

Cf bàm <2 m`mecaà mfkh `cqh| Qh|m `c `hqr|h cf wmwcf cebhebc mlim `m|ambh cfah|qh bcf \ih ah|ibhmyc| vi }sc cf \ih vceim lice& y rhbh ce-r|c m|cem& fcq bitc mQh|m }sc qiksc mqi }sc qc yh `cqh|m|c se whah& ah|cki|c cf wfme& y }sc w|has|cmwserm| m ambm vscfrm bcf \ih cf $%%%%) ohebh% y fm amfibmb bc cf%

Bcqm`m|m|he mf Lm|ah i A|cai| qcksim amìemebh& y Qh|m `m|amebh cf ah|qh bcf\ih ym cf Lm|ah yvm `sy lsceh y cer|c m|cem& y `sy `meqh% m fm ehadcm`m|m|he cf Lm|ah yh `c qceri `sy mfivimbh fm amfcers|m cqrc bim eh `c bihosc|rc& ì mfi`cerh c|m rc& yqh amoé ahe |hq}scrmq%

Cf bim <3 rh`c hr|m ws|km bc jmfmwm& A|cai| y Qh|m qiksc|he m amìem| ah`h fhq

hr|hq bimq% M fmq 2 bc fm rm|bc ffckm|he ce se wmqqmjc }sc cf \ih mlim |hrrh cermse qmsqmf y wh| mffi ce se amemfirh qc ilm rhbm admksm bcf \ih bcqmebh




rhrmf`cerc qs amsqc licqh& Qh|im biac ce qs fil|iffh ohjm =2 ah`h fm ìrmb bcfmksm eh qc masc|bm|mq }sc fm amehirí }sc celic wh| cf asmqc licqh eh ceaher|hmksm wm|m wmqm| i qc mvscfrh& cfmksm m fc`lsambh|m bc cqrc amemfirh cer|mlm m`hbh bc se osc|rc adiofhe y cer|c fhq qmsqcq }sc mlim bc|s`lmbhq mqim seosc|rc |sibh% Mf `h`cerh }sc A|cai| hyh cf |sibh `mebh bm| ohebh m fmea|m& m}si eh qc mr|clic|he m wmqqm|& yh cqrmlm ahe fm amfcers|m wc|ñ cqrc bim `c dmbmbh `mq filimeh }sc bim mfkseh& `c ffm`m|he }sc icqc myc| se whah qs viceqi`m bc aslic|rm m ì|m| m }scf Qh|m `c biqh qi `c mei`mlm m wmqm|& fcq biqc}sc eh& wc|ñ }sc qi `mýmem `c qceri|c mfkh mfilimbh w|has|m|c y mqi }scbm`hqm wmqm| fm ehadc m}si%

$`hbh bc rh`m| fm }siem)

Cf bim <? wh| fm `mýmem rh`é ah`h sem hezm bc }siem ce whfvh& ce mk|ih bcfi`he& y ce mksm|bicerc osc|rc& cqrm rh`m cq sem y cf qswc|ih|& mf whah |mrh `cmffc ls|madh& y rh`c ré%

$Amìeh wh| bclmqh cf wscerc bc Qmsqc)

M fmq 9 bc fm `mýmem `mebc m `m|m| se amlfc m se qmsqc se whah `mq m|ilm bcfm c`lhambs|m bcf escvh amemfirh& wm|m whbc|ehq oifm| m whah mwhah& y ehce|cbm|ehq wh| fhq qmsqcq& `mebc qmfwm| c|mea|m& y ehq oifm`hq wh| cf adirfhe& y`sy l|cvc ehq yqi`hq fil|cq bcf adiofhe& y bcfiv|cbh bc fhqqmsqc%

Cf Amemfirh c|m `sy w|hosebh& y bc meadh ah`h bc =< mqrm <7 vm|mq fhq qmsqcqbc cqrc qmsqmf c|me kcec|mf`cerc ecf r|heah bm ? m 4 wsfkmbmq bc bim`cr|h& fhq}sc c|me amibh bm fm bc|cadm |cwhqmlme wh| fhq |m`hq y wserm ce fm lm|meam bcfm yq}sic|bm& y fhq amibhq bc fm yq}sic|bm |cwhqmlme ce fm lm|meam bc fm bc|cadm&bc `mec|m }sc oh|`mlme se wscerc amqi aheriesh& fmq lm|meamq rceime bc mfrhah`h bhq& mbhq y `cbim vm|m& y ahe cf Lm|ah wmqmlm`hq bc bclmqh& bc fhqqmsqcq& c`wm|rc mfkse |m`h ehq cqrh|lmlm y fh ah|rmlm`hq ahe meadmq& mqiamìem`hq ah`h bhq ìfimq y bhvi`hq escvm`cerc ecf amsqc vicjh bcf \ih yceaher|m`hq ce cf }sc ah|im rmerm mksm ah`h wm|m |ickm| sem admam|m% Qh|im biqc}sc amìem`hq ah`h `cbim ìkfim& y cqrm `sy c}sivhambh& wc|ñ ah`h Qh|m ehqmlc }smerh cq sem ìkfim wsbic|m }sc mkkm bmbh wh| bi`ceaihec mfm ìfim cfbhlfc bcf fm|kh bcf amemfirh ce cqrc amqh cf amemfirh eh cq `mq }sc `cbih ìfim&

vcmqc qs fil|iffh ohjm =2%



4? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$bcf rsfws)

Se whah `mq mlmqirh wm|m`hq wm|m ahqiem| rsfwh ahe adm|}sc& y `hrc wm|mah`c|& yh `c ahìm fhq |hq}scrcq ahe cf rc& Qh|m cf bimlfh qc fh ffclmlm ambmlhambh }sc `c lcim r|mkm|& bcaim m A|cai| }sc Bhe Merheieh y Qhfm& y h|emadcm&fmq mvime |ckmfmbmq m cf wc|h m ì whah `c i`wh|rmlm bc qsq mlfibs|imq fmqaheqibc|mlm ahìbm `mq filimeh wm|m ì }sc cf Rsfwh $Rsfwh cq sem whfcerm bcm|iem bc `miq& ksmebh fm m|iem cq bc `miq rhqrmbh qc mqc cf rsfwh ahe mksm o|im& yksmebh cqrc sfri`h mqc bc`mqimbh fi}sibh qc ffm`m rsfwmbm% wm|m cqrm ahìbmqc ecacqirm fm bikcqrihe bc se lhymksc y eh bc se ceoc|`h)&

Cqrc bim `c dm bmbh lmqrmerc cqri|hecq& y mfm ehadc se whah bc amfcers|m& bc`mec|m }sc vm|iñ se whah fm ceoc|`cbmb qckemf bc qmem|& wc|h eseam wsbcaheqcksi| fm qsb& ws|}sc& rceim }sc rh`m| Qhf y ksmebh ceksmebh Qc|ceh cra%rm`whah cf mfi`cerh c|m lsceh bc `mec|m }sc bcqbc m}si ce mbcfmerc `c bmlmfm amfcerh|m bc ehadc y bc bim `c bmlme sehq cqri|hecq eh`mq& y mqi ffcvmvm sema|sz ahribimem& bcbim r|mlmqmebh y bc ehadc ahe ì `mf%

Mercq bc ffckm| m fhq Hlc|hq ceaher|m`hq se \ih }sc bczc`lsamlm ecfLc|`cqh }sc wm|caim |ckhfm| k|mebc& eh qmlic`h }sc |ih wsbim qc|& cf \ih bcf

_mffc qmlim`h }sc cqrmlm `mq mlmqh& ksqkmlm`hq m lcqcq }sc oscqc mfkse l|mqhbcf ìq`h lc|`cqh& }sc `mq m|ilm qc slicqc bivibibh y qc ehq slicqc wmqmbhqie vc|fh& wc|h cqrh bcjmlm `sadh }sc bsbm|& m }sc cq cebhebc Qh|im biac qc| fmyqfm k|mebc qs fil|iffh ohjm

$Bcf \ih qhrc|mech)

Fhq }sc mì `c wm|cqc @mq w|hlmlfc cq cqrh% Cf \ih K|mebc bc jsjsi ceo|cercqilc|cm ricec `mq mksmq }sc ecf bcqc`lh}sc& ksmebh bclic|m rcec| `hadm `mq

wh| fhq biooc|cercq |imadhq }sc bcqmksme ce cf c`hq ehrmbh }sc mf mqc|am|qc m fm jserm dh Wmfam ilm mwhamebh fmksm& y ksqkmlm`hq cerheqc }sc bclim fmksmoifr|m| cer|c fm m|cem& y rcebc| qic`w|c m qs eivcf ecf Lc|`cqh% Yh rcekh `syvivh ce ì `c`h|im& }sc ecf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih K|mebc bc jsjsi ce cf bcRm|iqm eh mi fmksm }sc ricec cf \ih bc Qme Fh|cezh qhfm`cerc% Cf mksm omfrmbcqbc `sy qc|}sirm m fm Wmfam y m se}sc `mq m|ilm rcekm whah osebh& cf \ih cq`mq meadh& }sc ecf bcqc`ls}sc cqrm m Qh|m `mq }sc m embic bcqmlm ahe fmlham mlic|rm% yh ehrc }sc mf mqc|am|qc m fm wserm cf ohebh c|m bc m|cem lfmebm yqc ceomekmlm ce cffm ah`h qi slic|m qibh omekh y wh| fh rmerh yh eh wscbci`mkiem| cebhebc mikm ibh cf mksm bcf \ih K|mebc bc Jsjsi qieh `mq m lmqh& y

qckse ì cf \ih }sc ceaher|m`h cq fmksm bcf \ih K|mebc bc Jsjsi }sc bcaim`hoifr|mlm cer|c fm|cem yh }siqic|m lc| cf Rc|ceh wh| mffi wm|m ksqkm| oiqm`cerc cqh




Fh aic|rh cq }sc cf mksm bcf \ih K|mebc ce mfksem wm|rc m bc i| mbm| wh|}sé cefm Wmiam eh licec qieh se wh}sirh

$bc fhq hlc|hq)

`mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq |cwceriem`cerc mf bm| sem vscfrm ah`h bhaicerhq dhr|caicerhq yebihq bc rhbh qcqh y cbmb wcqamebh ce fm h|iffm bcf \ih }scbm|herhbhq cffhq qh|w|cebibhq y mqsqrmbh ehqhr|hq bi`h ohebh m fmea|m wm|m mlfm|ahe cffhq y |ckmfm|fhq& wc|ñ mf |sibh bc fm ambcem qc oskm|he rhbhq& fhq iqi`hqffm`m| ahe escqr|h ierc|w|crc wc|ñ ei ahercqrmlme& whah bcqwscq vieic|he bhqseh yebih y sem adiem rme vicjhq }sc fc ksqkmlm`hq bc =37 mýhq wm|m m|ilm&

`m|admlme ahe qs lmqrhe& c|me ah|lmbhq y rceime c fcqwiemqh cadh ah`h sem|ah& eh qc lcim ce cffhq }sc bhq cq}scfcrhq ahlic|rh bcf wcffcqh& rceime rhbhq qsqamvcffcq& y qie sem amem& qc ehq w|cqcerm|he rhrmf`cerc bcqesbhq ahe fmq `mehqrmwmebh qsq vc|ksceqc& y qie m|`cq& qckemf bc wmq& ehq bitc|he }sc cffhq lc-eime ce eh`l|c bc fhq bc`mq m c`wfh|m| escqr|m mìqrmb& }sc cffhq c|me fhqHlc|hq& fhq |ckmfm`hq& ahe se wm| bc amfqhecq ambm seh& y sem adm}scrm& y sekh|h ahfh|mbh& se ahadiffh& y sem ksmiam bc vib|ih $}sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmqr|mim`hq mf w|hwhqirh wm|m |ckmfm| m fhq yebihq y k|mekcm|ehq qs mbìqrmb ahe|ckmfm|fhq) y fcq biti`hq }sc c|m`hq mìkhq y }sc ffm`ce m fhq bc`mq }sc}sc|im`hq |ckmfm|fhq& qc osc|he y `sy w|serh vhfvic|he ahe fhq bc`mq }sc

|ckmfm`hq m mfksehq eh m rhbhq& mf Amq}sc ahe w|coc|cezm m fhq bc`mq& eieksehbc cffhq rceime m|`mq y rhbhq wiermbhq hlc|h y wh| cqrh }sc fhq ffm`me hlc|hq&}scbm|he rme ahercerhq }sc ehq |ckmfm|he se ah|bc|h `sy c|`hqh y }sc|ime|ckmfm|ehq `mq wc|ñ ehq fc }siqi`h mbìri| }sc eh bitcqce }sc wh| ierc|cq fc|ckmfmlm`hq& y qcksi`hq m amìem|%

Cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc yh eh rcekh w|cqcerc fhq bimq oiqhq }sc mebmdm`h ce fhqwm|cqcq }sc qic`w|c i|c bcehrmebh wh|}sc qc `c osé bc fm `c`h|im& yqhfm`cerc ahe ì wfme bim|ih }sc Qh|m osé m cer|ckm| m O|meaim Biarmbh| bcf

Wm|mksmy riei|im sem |cfmaihe czmarm y rm`lice cq w|caiqh qmlc| }sc bc ehadc ehamìemlm`hq eseam%

]smerh `mq amliemlm`hq `mq mlmqh& ce aher|mlm`h `hadhq yebihq wcqamebhbm sem y hr|m wm|rc& ym cffhq qmlime }sc ehqhr|hq |ckmfmlm`hq m fhq yebihq&wh|}sc fhq hlc|hq fcq mlime mviqmbh& y cffhq mlqh bc `mq mlm-qh y mqi ah|iñ fmehrizim mviqmebhqc seh hr|h mqrm mf oie bcf Admah% Cqrhq yebihq Wcqambh|cqmwcemq mwcemq ehq lcime& mkm|mlme cf `cjh| wcqambh }sc rceime& y ahe cf cefm`meh qc ri|mlme m fmksm mf ric`wh }sc ehqhr|hq wmqmlm`hq wh| o|cerc bc cffhq&y vceime mf ameqmebhehq cf wcqambh& fc rh`mlm`h& y fc |ckmfmlm`h se asadiffh&hr|hq ceaher|mlm`hq ce fm h|iffm ahe ah|bc|hq }sc mksm|bmlme& }sc wmqmqc`h&wm|m mqc|eh w|cqcerc qsq ah|bc|hq& m mfkheh fc |cqclim`h& y mfkseh eh fc



44 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

}sc|m`hq |caili|& y fhq whl|cq ah|ime ahe qsq ah|bc|hq ce fm h|iffm bcf \ihqiksicebhehq bc |caili| qsq w|cqcerc m vm|ihq fhq |ckmfmlm`hq ahe ahadiffh qie

|caili|fc embm%

$@hbh bc wcqam|)

Qsq `hbh bc wcqam| cq cqrm qsc|rc% Wfmerme ec fmksm ce fm h|iffm bc fm wfmym dhLm|meam semq cqrm}sirmq oh|`mebh se qcìqi|ahfh bcjmebh mf fmbh bc mlmqh cqrhcq mf fmbh hwscqrh m fm ah||icerc sem mvc|rs|m amwmq bc cer|m| se wcqambh& cqrcqcìqi|asfh rceb|í sem vm|m bc bim`cr|h ksmebh `sadh& mffi mbcer|h whecmemfkh bc ah`c| wm|m fhq wcqambhq& y cqrmebh cf wcqambh mbcer|h qic|me fm wsc|rm

y mkm|me cf wcqambh% Rm`lice mkm|me `sadhq wcqambhq ahe fm ofcadm% Ce bhebccf \ih mqc bcqwfmybhq mqce hr|hq wcqambc|hq ahe cqrmamq& cqrhq rceb|me ah|eh =3m <7 vm|mq bc fm|kh y dh ? bc meadh oh|`mebh se am|mahf dh m`hbh bc semvhfsrm& fhq wcqambhq qc cer|hbsace ce cf am|mahf bc fmq cqrmamq y mffi qc mffmeme|cbmbhq y fhq yebihq fhq mkm|me mffi%

Amqi rhbh cf \ih cqrm ffceh bc wcqambc|hq% Cf \ih cq `sy mlsebmerc bc wcqambhqy cacfcercq% wm|riahfm|`cerc& cf wmaú y cf bh|mbh& cra

$Bc fhq wihqhq)

Mfkhehq bimq mqim vicerh o|cqah bc `mec|m }sc ehq mr|mamlm m fm Lm|meam dh m fmwfmym& y eh whbim`h amìem|& y mqi ehq hlfikmlm m `m|m|ehq& cf vicerh qic`w|cqhwfm bmf Cqrc mf Qsbcqrc% Se bim cqrmebh mqi m`m|mbh& `c qm}sc fm amìqm wm|mvc| qi c|m qifiaih& dh }sc rceim& wscq eh c|m wham fm ah`mqhe }sc `c bmlm y mffcce cffm }sice fh a|cyc|m sehq wihqhqhq rme k|mebcq y r|mqwm|cercq }sc wm|cqimeserh qie qmf ffm`é m A|cai| y fcq bitc Bhe Fsamq& k|i`mfbhq rcec`hq qc|imf bc`sadm mlsebmeaim& }sc cq cqh `c bijh cf& |ckiqr|c qs amìqm fcq biqc yh fh vc|mq&

yh `c wsqc m ahe-rm|fh wh| `c bivc|ri|& y fh ìq`h A|cai|& yh m fhq 2; c|m fm}scerm& y m`-lice A|cai| ahe fm `sadm |ciqm y |mlim c|m fm }scerm% Qh|m }sc ehqvcim |ci| y |mllim| w|ckserh }sc cq cqh% A|cai| fc ahercqrñ Bhe Wmlfh rcec`h`sadh wiham y biti Bhe Eiahfí }sc qikemf bc `sadm mlsebmeaim% Qh|m qc }sirñfm amìqm y fm biñ m Qmfksc|h wm|m }sc fcq wmqm|m |cviqrm c|m ffcem y rme lfmeahqah`h fm amlcqm bc Qh|m%

Escqr|h c}siwmkc c|m cqr|mibh bc fm ah|acf bc Qmfrm& y bc mffm ehq r|mjme cqrmqcìffm }sc bm cf ìf wh| seh c`l|cvc ric`wh% Wm|m escqr|h wchecq c|m sem

`m`mbm }sc qc fh ahìme& y ahe }sc k|maim& wscqqc qc wheime ah`h sem bhzcemce fm wmf`m bc fm`meh y ahe fm wserm bc fm fceksm fhq ilme |mahjicebh seh m




seh& y fhq wheime bc bclmqh fhq bicercq mqqicebhfhq |clcerm| mffi wm|m rh`m|fc cfqmlh| ahe rmerm k|maim }sc c|m amwmq bc mqc| fmeqm| mf ìq`h bc`heih& yh eh

wsbim qso|i| bc vc|fhq ah`c| y fhq |crmlm% A|cai| `c bcaim Bhe Eiahfí bcjm }scfh ah`m qi mqi qhe rhbm fm wc|smem }sc qi ah`m fm wihjm cqrh ahadieh%

$Adieadie mlh|bh)

Se bim bm fm wm|rc bcf Q%H% se yebih mamlmffh ehq ffm`m y qcwhec mbc|ieqiffm| qsamlmffh y qhfrmebhfh y qh se mrmbh bc |cambh& eh qcýmfñ }sc }scbm lcei| mlh|bhfh |caili`h& c|m qhvce y bc sermffc c|`hqh& escqr|hq cerc|w|crcq }sc ecf mlfm|wm|cqime `sbhq& mwcemq whbim`hq cercebc|fc }sc bcaim c|m dijh bc Adieadie y

}sc cf c|m adieadie y bc fhq yebihq Adhehwicq& y @m|imeh y am|rmq& y ehcercebim`hq `mq& amìem`hq mqrm cf r|m`herm| bcf Qhf }sc ceaher|m`hq sebcqwfmymebhq `sy meadh bc wham mksm y ohebh bc ric||m& m}si }scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc%

$@m|imeh r|mc Am|rmq)

Whah bcqwscq bc slqas|cac| bc ri||m ehq k|irm seh lscem ehadc lscem ehadcQcýh| Amwirme y fm ah`wmýim& hfí biji`hq }sc amqrcffmehq qhe cqrhq& Adieadieehq bith @m|imeh am|rmq wmwcfirm& fcq bhvi`hq ehqhr|hq rm`lice fm lscem ehadc&y ehq bijh `mebce fm amehm ceric||m }sc yh qhi @m|imeh y fc r|mykh Am|rmq bcBhe Merheih y bc Bhe _iarh|ieh& mf `h`cerh fcq `mebm`h fm amehm wm|mr|mc|fh mlh|bh& qc c`lm|añ ce fm amehm ymkm|ñ cf fm wmfm y ce se `h`cerh viehmllh|bh ah`h cf `cqh| `m|ieh% r|mim bhq am|rmq sem m Qh|m y hr|m mì% BheMerheih qa|ilim m Qh|im y Bhe _iarh|ieh mì& biadm am|rmq ricec O|meaim ecfWm|mksmy& yh `c masc|rh }sc Bhe _iarh|ieh `c wcbim sem ahwim bc rhbh fh }scmlim hlqc|vmbh mqrm m}si wc|h Qh|m eh }siqh }sc fc`mebc ahwim bcf wfme y mqi`c |cbsai ce `mebm|fc qhfm`cerc cf |iqsfrmbh bc ìq hlqc|vmaihecqmqr|hehìamq& bc biooc|cercq wserhq& y ì wm|cac| qhv|c cf \ih mqrm cf bim }sc fccqa|ili }sc osé `mq mlmqh ah`h qc vc|í ceqcksibm%

$Bc @m|imeh bc Adieadie y bc fhq Amqi}scq)

_m`hq m`m|im`h% C|m cqrm yebih bc fhq Adhehwicq y amqi}sc& dh viac Amqi}scwh|}sc cf Amqi}sc fckiri`h c|m cf Adieadie }sc rceim`h mlh|bh dijh bcf bioserhAdieadie k|me amqi}sc bc fhq Adieadiecq dh Adhehwicq }sc rhbh cq seh& cqrcbioserh Amqi}sc ahe qsq wham kcercq qc iqh rc||ilfc m rhbhq fhq yebihq bcf Admah&

y iqh k|mebc mìqrmb ahe Ah|ecjh& fhq dijhq bc fhq Amqi}scq qhe c|cbc|h ecf`mebh& y bc aheqiksicerc cf khvce Adieadie }sc rceim`hq mlh|bh c|m cf



97 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Amqi}sc& wc|h @m|imeh wh| qc| yebih bc `mq cqwc|icezm mv|í `mebmbh cf%

$Amìeh bcqbc fm Cq}siem K|mebc mf Wm|mksmy wh| Ric||m)

Ehq ahermlm @m|imeh }sc cf mercq ksmebh fhq Rhlmq bc Qme Lc|em|bh yAmekmyc c|me `meqhq qc ilm wh|ric||m mqrm mf Wm|mksmy m ffcvm| `sfmq mvcebc|bclim |hlm|fmq m fhq Qmfrckehq wh|}sc ei cffhq ei eieksehq bc fhq mlirmerc bcadmah ricece cqrmeaimq fc w|ckserc }sc amìeh ffcvmvm wh| i| mf Wm|mksmy& `cbcaim }sc wh| fm h|iffm bcf Lc|`cqh mqrm m Ýc`lsah cf amìeh cq `sy lsceh& y}sc mvcqcq ilm bcqbc Amekmym bc|cadh m fm Mqseaihe wmqmebh cf \ih Wifah`myhy }sc ce cqrhq vimkc eh cadmlm `mq }sc =7 m == bimq& y qie amìem| bc ehadc& y

ycebh mf r|hrc& ehq bcaim rm`lice }sc cf ym mlim cqrmbh m Ah||icercq& m Qmerm Oé&m Lscehq My|cq m Wmrmkheim m Ah|bhlm& m @cebhqm cra% Fcq bcqim yh bcqwscq bcmyc| mebmbh rmerh ric`wh cer|c fhq A|iqrimehq ah`c qc vceim m vivi| mffi& bc fmqri`m }sc rcekh mìq Wmiqmehq `c |cqwhebim%

Fc w|ckserc ah`h qc mvim viqrh ahe Bhe Merheieh `c biqh }sc fh mlimceaher|mbh ce fhq qic||hq bc Qmerm Lm|lm|m& y mffi mlime cqa|irh& y fh `mebm|he mcf wm|m }sc ehq m ah`wmýmqc mqrm cf aheoie bc qs ric||m }sc cq mqrm mf wmfh qmerhy ehq |mah`cebmqc mfhq Amqi}scq bc `mq mlmqhq qsq mìkhq& }sc c|me bc fhq

@mrmahq bc fm hr|m lmebm cqrh cq bcf E%C% wh|}sé ce qcksibm bc cf mf ìq`h fmbhbc cf dh bc Qh qiksce fhq Hahfiq& y ahe cqrhq eh qhe mìkhq%

Fc w|ckserc cebhebc cq fm Cq}siem k|mebc& `c biqh }sc bmebh m }scf fm vscfrmbcf \ih mffi cqrmlm y }sceh mlim }smr|h asmb|mq bc biqrmezm& y }sc mffi rceim qs|meadc|im k|mebc& y ecf wmfh Qmerh rceim hr|m `mq adiam bc ksm|bim m fhq Hahfiqwm|m }sc eh vcekme m amqm| ce qs ric||m%

$Amìeh bcqbc fm Cq}siem m Am`whqmerh)

Fc w|ckserc ce }smerh bimq ilm bcqbc mffi m Am`whqmerh `c bcaim }sc ycebh bcqwmzih r|cq bimq wc|ñ }sc ce bhq mlim ibh `sadmq vcqcq& y adc c|m amìeh `sylsceh%

Cf \ih bcqbc fm Wmfam mqrm m}si& cq se am|mahfch wh| rhbhq qceqhq& y ambm vscfrmcq `sy adi}sirm& bc`mec|m }sc& qmvcfmq wh| i| mksmq m|ilm qhe }smqi iesrifcq& mse }sc cf vicerh cq ce whwm $o% 1?)% Mf wmq| fmksm bm sem vscfrm m rhr|m qcbcqwm|m`m y eh ricec `mq }sc bhq rc|aimq bc vm|m bc oñebh& cf rc||ceh cq `si

lmqh y m|ceiqah& eh ricec lm|meamq qieh wfmymq& ambm a|caicerc dh ambm mýh cf \ihqc `hbm y qc vm wh| bhebc qc fcq merhjm& fmq bhq `m|kcecq bcf \ih qhe ffcemq bc




amsqcq vicjhq wh| bhq }smfcq wmqqmlm cf \ih mercq y ksiqmq vscfvc|m mwmqm| cemfkhehq bc cffhq ksmebh qc fc merhqm% Fhq qmsqcq y wmqm|hqlhlhq qh| fhq m|lhfcq

}sc haswm| cf rc||ceh i`cbimrh mf \ih& ce bhq amsqcq `mq vicjhq qhe fhq qmsqcq`mq mfrhq }sc ce fhq amsqcq }sc mqc `ceh ric`wh }sc fc wmqqmlm cf \ih bc`mec|m }sc qc vc cer|c fhq m|lhfcq ah`h amffcqhecq }sc wm|cqce cadhq ahe m|rcq%y qhe viqrmq `sy c|`hqmq% ]smebh cf \ih cq a|caibh mi `sadhq bc cqrhq amsqcq}sc cekmým|he m fhq }sc emvckm|he wh| mffi& y mf lmjm| cf \ih qc mfim|he ahe qsqlm|ah ahe rhbm omaifibmb biqrmercq bc cf bm bhq& dh r|cq fcksmq& dh lice bm sefmbh dh lice bm cf hr|h bcf \ih%

Rmfcq qhe fmq iesebmzihecq ce fmq a|caicercq& wh|}sc eh mi rc|ceh }sc Qskcrc

cfmksm wh| cqrmq iesebmzihecq }sc Qh|im ffm`ñ m cqrhq fskm|cq Escvh Ckiwrh&wc|ñ qs eh`l|c vc|bmbc|h qc|im bc _m|imlifc bc fm ah`wsqrs|m }sc ricec cf \ihec mlfm|c m fm oie bcf |cahehqiìcerh% Bcqbc fm Wmfam mqrm m}si mv|c`h vm|mbh bm177 vcqcq%

Mfm `mýmem ehq whqi`hq wm|m amìem| y vm|m`hq& ceohebh bc ric||m& yqc i|rhbhq fhq wchecq m fmksm wm|m }sc qc mfilimqc cf Lm|ah y fh |c`wsqmqce mqrmwmqm| m }scf whah osebh }sc c|m `si l|cvc fm biqrmezm wm|m ffckm| m fm hebs|m&wc|h fhq wchecq eh fh whbime `hvc|& ksmebh }sc ce hr|mq wm|rcq }sc vm|mvm`h&cer|c fm ah|icerc }sc ahìm fm m|cem bc bclmqh mf Lm|ah y fh }sc fh wchecq

|c`wsqmlme wmqqmlm`h `sy w|serh mffm sebh|m% Yh m}si `mebc mf wchefmeb|h }sc a|hqm|m rhbh cf \ih m wié ah`h qhfim mac|fh ce`sadmq wm|rc ksmebhvm|mvm`h y ahehac| m qi lice fm mebh|m bcf \ih m}si c ecf `mq hebh fc ffckmlm cfmksm mfm |hbiffm mwcem% W|ckserc m @m|imeh qi rhbmlim m vim bc lmqm| `mq& `c|cqwhebih }sc ecf `cq bc Mkhqrh Qcrrc`l|c y hrrhl|c Wmqqmebh cf \ih mffi fmksmfc ffckmlm qckhe qcýmfh se whah `mq m|ilm if $%%%) bcf wié dh ah`h sem }sm|rm bcvm|m cqamqm> fc w|ckserc& qc bc mffi sebmlm cf \ih ce hr|mq wm|rcq& `c bijh }sc eh&fsckh m}si cq `sy omaif ah`whec| cf \ih wm|m bm|fc sem hebh|m% Yqc ffcvm| mfh`l|h sem mea|m wh| fm w|hm wc|h se whah `mq m fm bc|cadm eh oscqc ahqm }sccf Lm|ah ycqc ce qi`m bc mffm iqc whec| se mwm|cqh wh| fm w|hm bcf Lm|ah m fm

mea|m y fhq wchecq bc mbcer|h bc fm mksm ri|mlme cf Lm|ah }sc m fmq =7 bc fm`mýmem cqrmli`hq fil|cq ym ce fm mebh|m& i fmq =7 =(2 cqrsli`hq ceo|cerc bc fm|meadc|im bc @m|imeh ce bhebc ceaher|m`hq fm yebimbm bc h`l|cq y `hkc|cq&fhq |ckmfm`hq& m fmq =< hlqc|lm`hq fm fmrirsb bc <1 =< Q y qcksi`hq m amìem|qic`w|c ahe @m|imeh mllh|bh y adieadie%

$bc fhq bc Bhìeksirh)

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9< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

`sy mìkhq @m|imeh ehq mviqñ rslicqc`h }sibmbh }sc m}scffhq c|me fhq bcfAmqi}sc Bhìeksirh }sc cf Ah`mebmerc bcf \ih bcf _mffc fh mlim `mebmbh m

osqifm| }sc mqim bhq mýhq wh|}sc }sc|àm i| m|hlm| m fmq cqrmeaimq& y }sc cqrmqmh|m }sc|ime ce |crh|eh bc Bhìeksirh m seh bc ehqhr|hq r|cq& cqrh cq dh Qh|im&dh A|cai| dh yh& y }scbm| mqi c`wmrmbhq& y }sc wh| cqh cq }sc cf yqh lcei| qsqkcercq m|`mbhq wh| qi mamqh amqrikm| m fhq Bhìeksirhq& y }sc bcqbc m}si mqrmmf Wmfh Qmerh c|m ecacqm|ih }sc cf ehq maah`wmemqc wh| ric|m wh| qi mamqh% C|mqc|am ym bc fmq =< y hlqc|lm`hq fm fmrirsb <17 11 Q $@icer|mq yh hlqc|vmlm fmfmarirsb se yebih ah`libh m A|cai| m i| mqrm fm |meadc|im }sc cqrmlm qc|am& y }scmffi fc bm|im sem adieirm wm|m biqo|srm| bc cffm& cqrh c|m wm|m ehrm|fh ce |crh|eh bcBhìeksirh& A|cai| fc bih fmq k|maimq y eh mbìrih cf ah`libc) y qcksi`hqamìemebh mah`wmýmbhq wh| ric||m bmfm wm|rc bcf Qh& dh m fm bc|cadm wh|

`m|imeh y qsq kcercq m|`mbhq& y fhq bc Bhìeksirhq }sc qhfh mksm|bmlme sebcqasibh bc ehqhr|hq wm|m `mrm| mseh bc ehqhr|hq hoiaimfcq& m rie}sc cffhq qcoieksime `sy mìkhq& y ahe qs qi`wfiaibmb qhe amwmqcq bc cekmým| m}smf}sic|m }sc eh oscqce mviqmbhq& rmf cq fm omaifibmb bc oieksi| bc rhbhq fhqyebihq% M @m|imeh fc r|sjc|he qs fmezm fm }smf rceime qie whebc|maihe mfksem bmbhq }sm|rhq bc vm|m bc fm|kh fm wserm y ? wsfkmbm bc meadh bc se oic||h `sywsfibh ahe sem k|mebc mqrm bc `hbh }sc qcýh|cmlm qhv|c rhbmq fmq bc `mqfmezmq& fc qhfim bcai| yh }sibmbh @m|imeh bc eh wcfcm| ahe fhq bc fmezm adi}sirm&ws|}sé cffhq rc `mrm|me& y rs eh whb|mq `hvc| fm k|mebc }sc `c bcaim cf ricecese ìcbh m ì fmezm%

$@mrmahq)

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bcqesbhq ce qc|imf bc wmz%

$@sbmezm bcf \ih)

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`mrm|ehq% }sc wh| qcýmf oiqm qc|me m }scffc }sc hq w|hwheb|me vmamq wm|mam|ecm| wscq }sc rceime bhq cqrhq qc ffm`me fhq Mrmfíq $Mfmq w|heseaimbh ah`hfhq yebihq cq $%%%) wh|}sc $%%%) bc cffhq cq kmekhqm y bc bcf %%%) y }sc `mq mlmqh ceaher|m|c`h m fhq rhlmq y }sc w|has|mqc`hq mlfm| ahe fhq amqi}scq Mkhqrie yQmerimkh& }sc c|me qsq-mìkhq ce hr|h ric`whq y }sc cqrhq qhe lscehq y qcbcqwibiñ y qc osc wh| Am`whqmerh m ffcvm| fmq am|rmq m Bhe Merheieh%

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bcaim c|me `sy `mfhq%

$bc fhq Hahfiq)

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omfrm| cf fmksm amqi cerhbmq fmq vscfrirmq }sc bm cf \ih% Ce cqrc fskm| rceime fhqHahfiq qirsmbm qs rhfbc|im y qc ehq w|cqcerñ rhbm fm adsq`m hahfiqm bc m`lhqqcqhq ohebm`hq ce fm ìrmb bcf \ih wm|m |ckmfm|fc wscq }sc qc ehq `hqr|m|hemìkhq ieri`h& vi`hq cer|c cffhq sem eiým ah`h bc rcrmb bc =7 m|ihqc|`hqiqi`m& rceim se |hlih wcfh wh| fmq cqwmfbmq ah`h fm @mkbmfcem qs amlcqmlmqm ahe `sadm sìfbmb& wscq fm ieocfiqm c|m a|imbm bc fmq adiemq& amsrivm bc m}scffmq lm|lm|m kcerc& c|m bc Qmerimkh bc fcqrc|h& }sice bc ehqhr|hq whbim ì-|m|fc qie rcec|fm `sadm fmqri`m& y qi ehqhr|hq hlic|m`hq rcermbh fil|m|fm ahe fmosc|zm slic|m mffm wc|bibh fm vibm ec fmarh% Qcksim`hq amìemebh y `mqmlmqirhq cqrmlme dh ehq qiksic|he dh ehq mfameqm|he mf bm| sem vscfrm& ce qi`m

bc sem lm|meam bc rc|ceh oi|`c i `hershqm& cf Amqi}sc bc fhq Hahfiq cf dijhivm|ihq hr|hq yebihq cf dijh bcf Amqi}sc qc fc vcqrih& c|m `hqh bc =? m =; mýhq bc



92 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

se rmfc c|`hqh& y c|m `sy as|ihqh bc cqmìem| fmq m|`mq y rhbh fh }sc mlimmlh|bh& y qc mbì|mlm ce vc| m }scffh% Qh|im ce vicebh rmf mbì|maihe ce m}scf

jhvce fh diqh lmqm| ce fm am`m|m& y `hqr|mebhfc ì fil|h& cf `mam|rc msrh| bcemsriam& y wh| fierc|w|crc fc mqim bcai| }sc ahe m }scf ehqhr|hq ahehaim`hq& mfQhf& m fm Fsem& m fmq cqr|cffmq aa% ì|mlm y cqasadmlm ahe `sadm mrceaihe& yh fc`hqr|c ì mrmerc& cqrc fc ahfwih mqrm ce cf mf`m& `c |hkmqc `c ieqrmlm qc fh|ckmfmqc& eh }scbm `mq fm|kmbh bc qsq `mehq fc iqc bcai| }sc fh ecacqirmlm wm|mì|m| mf $%%%) Fsem y fmq cqr|cffmq& y }sc bihq qc ceehqm|im ahe ìkh& }scbñcerheqc qifceaihqh wh| se |mrh& y bcqwscq ahe qc`lfmerc ehlfc biqh mfierc|w|crc& bikmfc m cqrhq qcýh|cq& }sc }sice fc ceqcým m cffhq rhbm cqrmq ahqmq cqqs Bihq wh|}sé qmlc `sadh& y }sc escqr|h Bihq m fhq whl|c yebihq ehehqieqcým embm wh|}sc ehqmlc embm& yh fh iqc |hkm| wh| cf ierc|w|crc }sc lieicqc

ahe ehqhr|hq }sc yh fc ceqcým|im rhbmq m }scffmq ahqmq ahe rcqrñ }sc hr|h vimkcvcei|im& }sc mercq }scbm vc| ah`h ehq r|mrmlme fhq yebihq bc `mq mlmqhq }scqhe `mfhq qcksi`hq amìemebh y cqrc jhvce ehq mah`wmkeh mqrm `mq mlmqh}sc ehq bcjñ& y vieh mlh|bh se yebih bc fhq `mrmahq dh bc fm wm|rc bcf E%C% cevimbh wh| qs amqi}sc wm|m }sc ehq maah`wmemqc `mq mlmqh%

$bcf \ih)

Cf \ih bcqbc fm Cq}siem k|mebc mqrm fhq Hahfiq vicec `hvilfc fh ìq`h }sc bm

fm Wmiam& m fm Cq}siem& y bcqbc fhq Hahfiq mqrm m}si ahìcezm ce wm|rc m lcei|cer|c rc|ceh oi|`c& y eh qhe rmermq ym fmq vm|mbh|mq wh| vcei| fmksmq `mq|cseibm& wc|ñ fmq vscfrirmq }sc bm cf \ih qic`w|c qhe `hadm y adi}sirm& cqrh cqah|rmq%

$\hlh bc Rmlmah)

Wh| m}si ceaher|m`hq yebihq bmf E%C% bc fhq }smfcq qc c`lm|añ seh biaicebh}sc qs amqi}sc fc mlim biadh bc mah`wmým|eh `mq mlmqh& fhq |ckmfm`hq& m}siosé cebhebc cf wche jsqrh Wmqrh| mviqñ m Bhe Wmlfh }sc cf wche Mfctmeb|h Qmfmmlim |hlmbh sem `mqh bc rmvmah bc A|cai| y }sc cqrmvm wh| mse am`lifmeadcahe fhq yebihq wh| mf khem kiam $kiam dh yiam ffm`me fhq @mrmahq m semq lhfqmq}sc qc ascfkme mf wcqascqh ah`h fhq amqmbh|c whece fh }sc amqme bc se fctibh`hbh bc |cb bm %%%)%

Qc diqh |ckiqr|m| m Qmfm y qc fc ceaher|ñ c rmvmah& cf `hadmadirh ierc|w|crc@mqqi`h @mb|ikmf biqh m Qh|im }sc cf aher|m `mcqr|h Amemfcq rm`lice mlim|hlmbh rmvmah% A|cai| |ckiqr|ñ fmq wcrmamq y ceaher|ñ }sc ce sem omfrmlm bhq dh

r|cq `mqhq Qh|im w|ckherñ mf `sadmadh qi Om|imq mlim |hlmbh rm`lice& cf`sadmadh bijh }sc qi& dh oscqc vc|bmb dh lice whbic|í }sc cf `sadmadh oscqc




qceribh bc mfksem ahqm ahe Amemfcq& y Om|imq& }sc m`lhq c|me Adifcehq& wscqQh|im ieri`ñ m fhq r|cq cqrh cq& m amemfcq m Qmfmq& y om|imq& bc eh lmqm| `mq ce fm

lhbckm& y Qh|im `c w|ckserñ mì }sc `c wm|caim bc m}scffm jsqriaim& fc |cqwhebi`c wm|cqc `sy lice }sc mqi eh |hlc|me `mq rmvmah& eh fh slicqc Jm`mq|cqwhebibh mqi mf `h`cerh bith Qh|im m fhq r|cq vmiceqc ce fmq amehmq y eh wiqce`mq cf Lm|ah qc yh eh fh `mebh& Amemfcq y Om|imq mfckmlme wh| qs iehaceaimwc|ñ eh slh |cìqihe }scbm|he fhq r|cq ce fmq amehmq& y mqi cq }sc rhbmq fmqehadcq qc ilme fhq r|cq mbh|ì| ceric||m& rm`lice se bim Amemfcq y Om|imq }sccqrmlme fhq bhq ce sem Amehm qc }scbm|he lmqrmerc mr|mq& ahe mei`h ksiqmq bcbiqc|rm|qc& wc|ñ eh fh ml|me cadh bc ìcbh bc fhq yebihq wscq }sc ym cqrmlm`hqlmqrmerc cesfr|mbh ecf admah%

$bc Admkihq)

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$Cf \ih vicec `cjh|)

Wh| m}si cf \ih vicec ym `sadh `cjh|& y ym eh qhe rmerh fhq bcqwfmymbhq%

$Qcýmf bc ksc||m)

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escqr|hq wchecq }sc rceime mfkhe ahehaiìcerh bc fhq yebihq `mq }sc ehqhr|hqbcaime& }sc c|m m}scf cf bihq bc fm ksc||m y qc|imf bc ksc||m& y fc }sc|ime osqifm|



9? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

mf ric`wh ei bc wmqm|& wc|ñ Qh|im eh fh aheriñ%

$bc fhq Mrmfí ibm bc Om|imq)

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http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kopp-juan-jose-nicolas-descalzi-diario-ampliadoexpedicion-al-rio-berme


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amqi}sc bijh m fhr|h yebihq& }sc rm`lice c|m m`h bc m }scffm ieocfiq }sc ehq bc m}scffm amsrivm& biqwsrmvm fiebih ahe qs amqi}sc ahe h|khffh& y se whah aheqcerimqc c`lm|amqc ce fm amehm y qc vieicqc mlh|bh& cffmq ehq bcaim ffclce`c wh| bihqffclce`c& cf Amqi}sc m|cekmvm `sadh ahe cf hr|h wc|ñ eh }siqh aheqceri| y mqirsli`hq }sc bcqm|fm& ce qs a|scf bcqk|maim y qcksi`hq amìemebh& ahe cfamsrivh mlh|bh%

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adiem y }smqi rhbhq fhq yebihq rceime fm `mamem }sc cq se lmqrhe as|rh y k|scqhbc sem `mbc|m wcqmbm fm `myh| wm|rc qhe bc wmfh Qmerh }sc mlhebm cqrc wmfhecf Admah% Ehq bitic|he bc bcqm| cf amsrivh mffi& ahf ric`wh bc qmfi| ehq k|irñ cfamsrivh }sc fh ah`w|m`h }sc qs m`h fh bmvm wh| bhq asadiffhq& mf `h`cerh`mebm`h wh| sem amehm fhq bhq asadiffhq ahe h|bce bc r|mc| cf amsrivh& y Qh|im`c `mebñ fcvmermqc fmea|m wm|m amìem|& fc biqc }sc qmficebh ehqhr|hq bc mffàfhq yebihq `mrm|me m escqr|hq wchecq& wc|ñ cf Qcýh| Bhe Bimlfh mwmkmbh bcqiìq`h }siqh }sc qc amìec& cocrrivm`cerc ah`ceqm`hq m amìem| ksmebh fmAmehm ffckmlm m ric||m& ksmebh ehqhr|hq cqrmli`hq biqrmerc ah`h bhq y `cbim

}smb|m fhq yebihq mfqm|he fmq `mamemq wm|m `mrm| escqr|hq wchecq& yh }sc `mqì|mlm m fm amehm }sc mf Lm|ah mf `h`cerh `mebh fm|km| fmea|m }sc wh| cqqhmlim wscqrh se wche bc w|hwhqirh& ymf |sibh bc fm ambcem& y viqrh cf Lm|ah wm|m|y qic|he fhq yebihq mfrh& y qc vhfvih fm amehm qie asadiffh y qie amsrivh& wh| asfwmbc Qh|im%

$bcf \ih)

Cf \ih bcqbc `mq m|ilirm bc fhq mfmfm mqrm m }si vicec `sy lice cer|c rc||cehoi|`c bc se fmbh y hr|h cf am|mahfch bcf \ih qic`w|c qiksc y `sy `mqmbc|h cfrc|ceh bm se fmbh y hr|h fm `myh| wm|rc cq am`wh& y ce wm|rc `herc bc `mbc|msrif kcec|mf`cerc& `herc `mfh qhfh cq cf bc Om|im wh| qc| a|cqwh& wc|ñ cq seiahbc cqrm afmqc%

$Amqi}sc @m|rie)

Amìemebh `mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq m sehq yebihq }sc seh bc cffhq ehq bith

}sc cf cq `m|rie Amqi}sc bc fm meriksm \cbsaihe bc amekmyc dijh bcf Amqi}scMkhqrie% Fh i`lm|am`h m lh|bh y qcksi`h amìemebh ahe cf mlh|bh& fh vcqri`h



=7< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

y ehq ahermlm }sc cf rceim `sadmq amsrivm }sc fm ah`w|mvm wh| `mermq bcmfkhbhe& m fhq yebihq bc `mq mlmqh% Qh|im qc fcq wsqh mlfm| bc |cfikihe y

biaicebhfc }sc cf }sc|im `sadh fhq yebihq& y }sc c|m s`l|c `sy lsceh yc|`meh bc rhbhq fhq yebihq%

$Qh|im qc bm cf eh`l|c bc wmb|c Rils|aih)

Fc w|ckserh @m|rie qi c|m Wmb|c& Qh|im fc ahercqrñ }sc qi& coocrrivm`cerc fh c|mmse}sc eh cq amqmbh& y ehqhr|hq biti`h m @m|rie }sc qc ffm`mlm Wmb|c rils|aih&y }sc c|m `sy lsceh }sc |ckmfmvm m rhbhq fhq yebihq%

@mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq bc fhq _ifcfmq m fm wm|rc bcf E%C% fc |ckmfm`hq& y @m|rieqc osé m ric||m biaicebhehq }sc ehq ilm m ksm|bm| ce Amekmyc qs |meadc|im%

$bc fhq r|heahq bc m|lhfcq)

Amìemvm`h qie eiekhe yebih mlh|bh& y qie rh`m| eieksem vm|mbh|m& seiahcqrh|vh }sc wscbc qc|rh wh| fhq Ls}sc bc _mwh| c|m ce sem }sc hr|m wm|rcr|seahq bc m|lhfcq& wc|ñ ahomaifibmb qc wscbce }sirm|%

$Amekmyc)

Ffckm`hq wh|oie ce amekmyc meriksm |cbsaihe m fm wm|rc bcf Qh fhq rhfbhq c|mefhq `mq lice biqwscqrhq bc }smermq rhfbc|imq c viqrh& qckhe fhq }sc bc mlh|bhvcym& biqrmvme bcf \ih ah`h sem }smb|m& asym biqrmezm oh|`mlm sem cqwmzihqmwfmym& ce fm `m|kce bcf \ih cqrmvm sem `cqm ahe sem qmvmem bcf `mercf& ceqi`mcqrmvm sem rmzm bc fhqm lfmeam y bclmqh fm ìq`m `ceqm sem diecrm bc vib|ihEck|h m se fmbh y hr|h bc fm `ceqm cqrmvm sem mqrm mfrm ahe bhq qmlmem bc

lmebc|m& }sc rhbmq cqrmq ahqmq fmq |hlme m fhq Qmerimkscehq%

Mf fmbh bc m|ilm bc f+mfrm| cqrmvm bm <47 m 177 _ifcfmq m|`mbhq& bc fmezmq yofcadmq qie eieksem adiem& qs amqi}sc _ifcfm& mf fmbh bc mlmqh cqrmlme bm =47 m<77 @hamlic m|`mbhq ah`h fhq hr|hq qs Amqi}sc Qmerimkh cf mìkh bc @m|imeh&biqrmvme fhq sehq y fhq hr|hq bc fmfrm| ah`h `cbim }smb|m& fmfrm| }scbmlmceo|cerc ìq`h bc fm rhfbc|im& embic `mq }sc @m|rie& _ifcfm& Qmerimkh& Wmqmai|qc|amehq m fmfrm|%

Fm rhfbc|im& fmfrm|& y fhq bhq r|hqhq bc yebihq m|`mbhq oh|`mlme sem viqrm `syc|`hqm& m fm }smf bi`hq ohebh m fmea|m ceo|cerc ìq`h bc fmfrm|& biqrmercq ah`h




17 vm|mq wsqi`hq escqr|m k|mebc lmebc|m bc fm Wmr|im m whwm y fm lmebc|m bc fmah`wmýim bcf _c|`cyh m w|hm $cf kcec|h bc biadm lmebc|m qc fh m lcebibh Qh|im

m _iffm \cmf& y lice am|h%

Mwcem c`hq osebmbh& vieh bc fm |meadc|im se r|hqirh bc @hkc|cq& cer|c cffmqvm|imq `sy lfmeam& vceime mqi m qmfrm| amermebh yèhq m fm _i|kce mfkhem bccffm ffh|mebh y hr|mq ahe qc`lfmerc mfck|c fc wm|caim ym rcec| qs filc|rmb%

Biqh @m|rie lmqc wmb|c rils|aih m ric||m m bcai| ìqm }sc m}si licece fmq amsrilmm hyc|fm% @mfmym L|se& ce fskm| bcf Qh|m& }sc cqrhq ieocfiqcq }scbm|ime fil|cq mbcqwcadh bc fhq lm|lm|hq m|`mbhq& }sc `cqh| hamqihe wm|m sqm| bc fmq

am|hembmq sem ce se r|hqh y fm hr|m ec fhr|h bc fhq yebihq m|`mbhq& y fm amsrivmqecf `cbih }scbmlme fil|cq& `mrmym @mfmkm L|se y eh Qh|m bc wsf}sc|im y cfl|srñ bc Qh|im }smqi ym cqrmlm wm|m i|& cq rme m wmkmbh y ieadmbh bc qi ìq`h&cqrmvm iea|cibh rmerh }sc wceqmlm m fm ascerm }sc fhq lm|lm|hq cqrmlme mffi wm|mlcqm| fm ric||m }sc wiqmlm rhbhq ehqhr|hq fh biti`hq vmic m bcai| ìqm }scehqhr|hq cqrm|c`hq ì|mebh m fmqmbh

Ce oie qc mamlñ fm oseaihe ahe wcbi|ehq @m|rie fc ffcec`hq fm dieirm }sc cqrmlmbclmqh bc fm `ceqm bc mksm|bicerc& }sc qc fm wsqi`hq mqrm fm rc|qc|m wm|rc& y

ehq `mebm`hq m `sbm|& @m|rie ehq bith }sc ehq |cah-`cebm|í m Wmrhri }sc cqqs w|i`h& `mq mlmqirh qc ce lm|añ Qmerimkh ahe Wmqmai| }sc ehq maah`wmem|hese whah y qcosc|he%

$bcf \ih)

Wh| m}sc cf \ih _icec qic`w|c `cqh| `mq hebh wc|ñ qic`w|c am|mahfcmebh& ifrc||ceh cq Am`wh ahe yqfm bc $%%%) bc `mbc|mq yrifcq%

$Wmrhri Amqi}sc)

@mq mlmqh ceaher|m`hq sehq 2 dh 3 yebihq seh bc cffhq ehq bijh }sc c|m Wmrhriw|i`h c|`meh bc @m|rie fh c`lm|am`h mlh|bh y qcksi`h amìembh& wh| m}siceaher|m`h wmqcmebh se `hfmrh bc Qmerm Oé jhvce Amsrivh y ehq bijhrslicqc`hq asibmbh }sc `mq mlmqh ehq mlime bc wcfcm| fhq yebihq }sc qc ehq`scqr|m|me whahq ce bhq r|hqirhq& wc|ñ }sc qc|me `sadhq caa% caa%

$Riasf}si Amqi}sc)



=72 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

@mq mlmqirh ceaher|m`h seh yebih mfrh ahe se qh`w|c|h bc wcfh y m fm meadm mfsqh Qmerimkscýh ehq bijh }sc c|m cf Amqi}sc Riasf}si vieh mlh|bh y amìem`h

ahe cf y wmrhri mlh|bh%

Riasf}si ehq biqh }sc m }scf qh`w|c|h }sc rceim fh mlim ah`w|mbh ce Ah|icerc&y }sc eh fh mlim |hlmbh%%%y ce}sc fh wm|cqc qc bitc yh& `c |cqwhebih ce cfcqw|irh y ce fm em|iz moifmbm y ahe cf ýsbh%

$]sc mqhecq)

Cf rmf Riasf}si ehq aherh y |caherh lice }smerhq c|m`hq mlh|bh& Wmrhri c|mrm`mýh bc se kikmerc wc|ñ `sy w|sbcerc% Qc eh `c cekmýh qc osc|he fhq bhq mric||m biaicebhehq }sc `mq mlmjh ehq vscfvm|ime myc|& cocrivm`cerc wh| m}siamìemvm`h qie yebih mfkheh mlh|bh y cf \ih ricec c`wm|rc ce fm h|iffmamýmvc|mfcq bc amýmq vscamq bc amqriffm& fh }smfcq fhq ceaher|mlm`hq m|bicebh mfric`wh bc wmqm| m fm }scerm fhq yebihq bm-lme osckh m fhq amemvc|mfcq wm|m vc|qi mqi ehq m|bim`hq ehqhr|hq rm`lice mf ric`wh bc wmqm|& y ehq slicqce bm bhq}sc mqc| qi cf vicerh slicqc qhwfmbh wm|m r|mc|ehq fmq ffm`mq mlh|bh }sc cq rmemekhqrh cf \ih }sc mvcqc eh wmqmlm`h biqrmercq =7 vm|mq bc fhq amýmvc|mfcq&Rm`lice cqhq }sc`mqhecq qhe qcýmfcq oiqmq bc ksc||m& wh|}sc fhq yebihq eseam

mqce ksc||m qie mqc| mercq k|mebcq ohkmrmq%

$Seiah cqrh|vh }sc ceaher|m`hq)

Rhbmq fmq ehadcq ohebmvm`hq m fmea|m ce `cbih bcf \ih y lhqamlm`hq qic`w|cse wm|mkc cf `mq meadh whqilfc wc|ñ }sc oscqc m embm& wh| eh qc| qh|w|cebibhwh| mfkhe mlh|bmkc bc fhq ebihq& wh| m}si cebhebc ehe mffmlm`hq mffm $%%%%) sem`mýmem ehq whqi`hq mqmfwm| fmea|m wm|m amìem|& y cqrmebh m wi}sc eh }sc|imbcqm|& cf wche Em|aiqh osc bc lmqh fmqsm ksimebhqc wh| fm ambcem wm|m vc| ce

bhebc fmec|m mlim mkm|mbh y ehq bijh }sc mkm|ñ se kmjh bc se m|lhf& cerheqcm|`c se mwm|cqh ceqi`m bcf ri|merc bc hr|h y ri|mlm`h rhbhq wc bc mw|hm mqrm}sc wsbi`h& y bcqwscq yqc wmqm| rhbhq m whwm y qc |mjñ cf kmjh& }sc cerhbh cf\ih c`hq ceaher|mbh& wm|m mea|cm|%

Cqrm ìq`m ehadc vi`hq bhq k|mebcq ohkmrmq% @mq mlmjh hr|h amsrilh ehq mviqñfh ìq`h }sc fhr|h%

$r|cq amqi}scq mlh|bh)




@mq mlmqh vieh escvm`cerc mlh|bh Wmrhri% Riasf}si& y hr|h amqi}sc }sc qcffm`m Admamqibi& ahe r|cq yebihq `mq $seh bc fhq r|cq c|m rsc|rh y `c |ckmfñ sem

wc|eiq }sc bc cffm yqc mqc|`c amfbh r|cq vcqcq y qc`c dm ah|rmbh cf adhads) }scbcaime fhq amqi}sc }sc c|me qsq c|`mehq& m rhbhq fhq |ckmfm`hq& Riasf}si }sc|imwheadhq y eh rceim`hq }sc|im `mq ahadiffhq& y eh whbim`hq ym bm|fcq `hadhqwh|}sc ym ehq ilme omfrmebh& y c|m w|cqiqh bcjm| mfkhehq wh| fhq yebihq `mqmlmqh& Riasf}si ehq ahermlm qic`w|c& |ckiqr|mlm fmq m|`mq wm|riahfm|`cerc fmq

am|hembmq y wh| amqsmfibmb qc |h`wiñ sem lhfzm bc `cr|mffm ìcer|mq ce fmrceim ce fm `mehq y vibh ah|c| ceqi`m bc aslic|rm fmq =47 lmfmq bc hezm }scaherceim& fc bctñ cqrh mfkh ceo|imbh& mf wche `m|rie \ivc|h $}sc mqim fmq

oseaihecq bc aher|m`mcqr|h bcqbc }sc amemfcq }scbñ qcermeaimbh wh| Qh|im meh wiqm| `mq cf Lm|ah mqrm }sc cf qc fh `mebc) fc bcaim m Riasf}sà }sc mqi ah`hcf c|m Amqi}sc bc qskcerc& rm`lice cf fh c|m bc fm kcerc bcf Lm|ah y }sc ksmebhmfkhe amqi}sc `mebm|í m qs kcerc }sc ehq ri|ce ofcadmq& cf `mebm|m ri|m|m}scffmq dmffmq y `mrme rhbhq fhq yebihq%

$Amqi}sc ce Jcocq)

Amìemebh mqi ahe fhq ? yebihq mlh|bh ffckm`hq rm|bcairm ahe se fh-km| }sc cf

\ih rceim sem cqwmaihqm lm|meam m fm wm|rc bcf Qh y ce cffm ksmebh `ceh ?77yebihq }smqi rhbhq m|`mbhq y `sy whamq adiahmq& `mebm`h fm amehm m ric||mwm|m r|mc| mlh|bh m bhq Amqi}sc `mq }sc qckhe qc vcim c|me fhq Amqi}scq ce

Jcocq& fhq |ckmfm`hq fcbce m}si wm|cqc }sc rslic|he yerceaihe bc bc kmffm|ehq&wc|h ehqhr|hq cqrmlm`hq rhbhq w|clmebh }sc mf ìq`h ieaibcerc }sc bmlme fhqhadhq wmqmbhq wh| fm lmyh-ecrm& wscq rhbhq escqr|hq wchecq cqrmlme ahe cf hjhmf adm|}sc%

$qc bcqc`lm|am rhbhq)

Riasf}si wm|caim oh|ihqh ahe rc fhq amqi}scq& }sc mfm }scerm eh }sc|ime aheqceri|ce qs `mf bcqieih ehqhr|hq eh whbim`hq cercebc| qs biqwhrm wh|}sc escqr|hqierc|w|crcq eh cercebime fm fceksm rhlm& Fhq bhq Jcocq ahe Wmrhri ehq wibic|hefhq whekm`hq m ric||m& y ehq biqic|he }sc cffhq a|me escqr|hq mìkhq& }sc|ime}sc }scbmqc`hq m wmqm| fm ehadc mffm wc|h eh }siqi`h& qmfwm`h fmea|m yamìem`hq& ah`h bhq }smb|mq& y Admamqibi ahe hr|hq bhq ehq biqic|he }sc fhqwhekm`hq m ric||m bhq }smb|mq `mq mlmqh cf hr|h yebih ehq wibih }sc fhbcqm`h mric||m& y mqi qhfh Riasf}si }scbh mlh|bh m amìem| ahe ehqhr|hq ym c|mac|am bc fm hamqihe& h|m }sc ym qhfim`h wm|m|& wc|h m}si r|mrm`hq bc mfcqm|qc bc

fm yebimbm `mq }sc ehq oscqc whqilfc%



=7? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

@icer|mq mqi amìemvm`hq yh bi|ikim cf Lm|ah y `m|amvm cf ah|qh bcf \ihfmqhebm caa% caa% Riasf}si ahehaih }sc yh c|m cf rhbh mlh|bh& `c mkm|mvm wh| cf

l|mzh bc|cadh wm|m mqc|`c bm| vscfrm mqi m cf wscq }sc `c vcim haswmbh ce cfkhlic|eh bcf Lm|ah caa% ahe fhq bcbh bc fm `meh `c qcýmfmlm bhq& y bcqwscq ahefm lhaam bcaim qs`& y bcqwscq bcaim `mq mlmjirh amehmq $Amehmq ffm`mlme fhqyebihq cf lm|ah) mi& mi& mi& ehq qcemfmlm }sc `mq mlmqh }smebh cqrm|c`hq ahe cfLm|ah ce fhq bhq qmfrhq }sc ricec cf \ih mffi ehq m|im fm ksc||m& cqrm qcýmf c|m rmeafm|m }sc dmqrm cf `sadmadh fm cercebim& fc bcaim yh }sc vmiq m mlfm| ahe Qh|im}sc yh cqrmlm haswmbh& wc|h eh }sc|im& `c vhfvim m ri|m| bcf L|mzh wm|m }scbicqc vscfrm mqi m cf y `c |cwcrim fh ìq`h& fc vhfvim m bcai| }sc `c bcqmqc ymlfmqc ahe wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|h eh }sc|im& y ahe `sadm os|im m `hbh bc fmea|m`c |cwcrih cqm `meihv|m ; h 4 vcqc& mqrm }sc fsfri`h ri|he }sc `c dm bmbh wm|m

mqc|`c bm| vscfrm `c mkm||h bcf ymfcah y `c fh dm bcqlhrhembh rhbh y vibñsem wiqrhfm }sc hasfrm bclmqh bcf kmfcah rceim& qc }scbh amffmbh y qc osc m wcbi|se whah bc mksm|bicerc mf wmb|c Rils|aih& wc|h Qh|im fcq biqh }sc ym lmqrmlmahe fh }sc mlim rh`mbh& fc ahercqrh Riasf}si }sc cf eh wceqmlm eieksem ahqm`mfc%%% se whah `mq mlmqirh ce bhebc cf \ih oh|`mlm bhq lm|meamq mf fmbh bcfQh sem lmq y fm hr|m `mq fcqh mfrm& m`lmq ahe mfkhehq m|lhfirhq y `mqickmq& ehqbiqh Riasf}si afsc fh whekm`h mffi }smebh cf cqrmlm ceric||m vi`hq fclmerm|qcbc cer|c fm `m-qickm bc fmq bhq lm|meamq `sadhq yebihq m|`mbh& y Riasf}si ehq&a|irñ mqrm `memem `mq mlmqirh mi& mi& mi

Osi`hq se whah `mq mlmjirh y bhvi`hq osebh ce `cbih mf \ih wmqm`hq fmehadc ahe `sadh mebmbh%

$W|cwm|maihe mf ah`lmrc)

Mffm `mýmem c|m w|caiqh w|cwm|m|qc wm|m wcfcm|& bi se osqif m Amemfcq y sehmambm seh bc fhq wchecq m`cehq Jsme cf `mrmah }sc eh fh qmlim `mecqm|%Bhìekh Adh}sc `c `hqr|ñ }sc c|m `meah bc se l|mzh& y qswh mqc|qc cf

`meah rm|elice }sc fh ca|cibh rmf Qi`he \srm `c `hqr|h }sc c|m `meah bc fhqbcbhq& cf bioserh Fsaimeh ofh| `c biqh }sc cf eh qmlim am|km|& y mqi rslc }sc mac|fh qiksicerc% Wcbi m Qmfksc|h sehq afmvhq y sem vm|cksm& y cf `m|riffh y qc lmqm|ce fm lhbckm Bhìekh adh|}sc wh| qc| vickh y `meah m se }sc eh fh c|m& y cf`sadmadh& y fc ceam|ksc }sc rslicqce }sibmbh bc rcec| osckh qic`w|c aherizhecq ce amqh bc omfrm| fmq `cadmq& y afmvc fm lham bc fm cqahriffm bcqmebh semadiam mlc|rs|m ah`h whbc| wmqm| se rizh ce amqh bc ecacqirm|fh& Qi`he ksmebhvibh cqrh qc whqh `sy lice sem lmyhecrm ceqi`m bc sem mqrm& Jsme `mrmah fhìq`h% Fsaimeh ofh| `c wcbih osqif& Qmfksc|h y A|cai| qc wsqic|he m fm am|hembmbc w|hm% Qh|im ahe cf cqwmbie ce fm `meh& mlme mf ri`he& y fhq wchecq `mq

adm`lhecq bcf osqif fhq wsqc m|c`m|& bc `mec|m }sc }scbmlme ; m fhq osqifcq 2 mfm bc|cadm y 1 m fm y qc}sic|bm |ivc|h fh bcqriec m rcec| }sibmbh m fmea|m ceamqh



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi =7;

bc ho|hac|qc bm| ohebh& fc ceam|ksc mrhbhq }sc ksmebh fhq yebihq ri|ce ofcadmqeh mlmebhece fhq |c`hq%

$Ksc||m bc Riasf}si)

H|bcembhq mqi ehq wsqi`hq mamìem|& eh mebhvi`hq `cbim fcksm }sc mf bm|sem vscfrm cf \ih fm lm|meam bcf Qh c|m mfrm y `hershqm& mvim `sadhq r|seahqamlmf`cerc ce fm osc|zm bc fm ah|icerc& y ce ffckmebh ce r|c fhq |c`c|h `cmlmebhem|he fhq |c`hq wm|m mkm|m| cf osqif& y qsc|rc }sc Mlme }sc rceim cf |c`hbcf ri`he eh mlmebhýh qs |c`h }sc biaicebhfc yh mf fmbh }sc mlim bc khlc|em|ehq qmom`hq lice bc fhq r|seahq& y hi`h `sadm a|irc|ih ecf `herc y Riasf}si

ehq a|irmvm rh`m rh`m ahadiffh& rh`m rh`m wheadh& Qh|im fc ahercqrmvm h`l|ceh ri|c ofcadmq qh`hq mìkhq |cqwhebim Riasf}si rhvm eh }sic|c mìkh& vceidh`l|c fcq bcaim Qh|im rc bm|c wheadh y ahadiffhq eh }sic|h |cqwhebim& Qh|imbiac }sc qc fc ahercqrñ ahe eiekheh& wh|adé cf eh }siqh& wh|aihe bc fmq ofcadmqvceime bcqbc fm lm|meam ce fiecm |crrm mf lm|ah& cqrmq rceime `sadm osc|qm ymfksemq wmqmlme fmq rmlfmq bcf ahqrmbh bcf lm|ah }sc c|me bc qcb|h y bc semwsfkmbm y }sm|rh bc k|scqh fmq }sc wckmlme ce fhq wm|m wcadhq bc asc|hqmfkhemq wmqmlme rhbm fm wserm mqrm wm|m|qc ce fm amým& y fm `myh| wm|rc vceimebc `mq mbcer|h bc fm lm|meam wh| cfcvmaihe y ehq amyme ceqi`m m`hbh bclh`lm& cqrmq rceime wham osc|qm& y amime ce cf rcadh bc fhq asc|hq fmq ofcadmq

ricece ah`h bhq vm|mq bc fm|kh& 3 rc|aimq bc amým vscam bcf k|scqh bcf bcbhadiah y sem rc|aim bc wserm bc se wmfh hqas|h y osc|rc%

M cqrm w|i`c|m bcqam|km eh }scbh c|ibh eiekheh& amìem`hq y mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm }sc rm`lice m vim `herc ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km bc ofcadmq& y qc fcahercqrñ ahe bhq dh r|cq ri|hq bcosqif qhfm`cerc m fhq }sc qc bcqm|he vc|& wmqrh|cf bioserh biqh }sc mlim `sc|rh m seh bc cffhq& y }sc fh mlim viqrh amc|& ehqhr|hqceam|kmlm`h m fhq wchecq }sc eh ri|mqce mf `herc qieh m ambm ri|h w|has|mqcevhfrcm| m seh bc fhq yebihq }sc yqicqce ascerm bc amqm|& y mqi fh mqime% Fhq

yebihq ym cqrmlme m }si ce cqrc qckhebh fmksc& wh|}sé cf \ih vm bmebh vscfrmq&y ìcer|mq ehqhr|hq amìem`h sem vscfrm& cffhq wmqme ce fiecm |crrm mmksm|bm|ehq ecf am|mahf bc fm hr|m& cf \ih cq rme mekhqrh }sc fmq ofcadmq qhe`h|rmfcq bm se fmbh m fhr|h bcf \ih }smerhq `mq m ehqhr|hq }sc rceim`hq }scwmqm| qserh ìq`h m fm lm|meam ce bhebc cffhq cqrmlme c`lhqambhq& mercq bcri|m| fmq ofcadmq him`hq qic`w|c se qifvibh ah`h bc se m}sifm& sem wh|aihe bcfhq yebihq cqrmlme bc mamlmffh y fm `myh| wm|rc m wicq& cqrhq yebihq eh ricece`hadhq amlmffhq wh|}sc qc fh ah`ce& ce cqrm qckhebm bcqam|-km ehq ffcem|he bcofcadmq wc|h qie c|i| membicq& y k|irmebhehq fh ìq`h }sc ce fm w|i`c|m&rm`lice escqr|hq wchecq fc asfwcmlme fh ìq`h m cffhq% Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm y

cq bc mbvc|ri| }sc mf ric`wh }sc ehq mfcjmlm`hq bcf ri|h him`h m Riasf}si }scehq k|irmlm mqrm `mq mlmqirh& ce cqrm rc|ac|m bcqam|km rm`whah me c|ibh m embim&



=74 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

fhq wchecq |h`wime fmq ofcadmq }sc cqrmlme afmvmbmq ecf ahqrmbh bcf Lm|ah ycefhq asc|hq y fmq ri|mlme m fmksm& yh fc bcaime }sc fmq cadce ce fm lhbckm wc|h

Qh|im fcq `mebmlm }sc fm ri|ce m fmksm bc qsc|rc }sc sem ilm m fm lhbckm y =7 mfmksm& }sc bcqwscq qicebh ehqhr|hq `mq mbcfmerc fhq yebihq qcri|mlme fm fmksmm|mahqc|fmq wm|m vhfvc|fmq mri|m| ahe fm wserm |hrrm% Qcksi`hq qic`w|c am-ìemebh }sc cf \ih vceim `sy lice& m fm hr|m vscfrm eh mlim `herc& y qcc`lhqam|he ce se bcqam`wmbh& wc|h seh bc cffhq mqh`ñ fm amlcqm cerheacescqr|h wchecq fhq yqic|he `sadm ls|fm khfwcmebhfc fm lham mf bm| fm hr|mvscfrm mlim `herc& y ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km& qc fc ahercqrñ ahe 2 osqifmqhq&m}si }scbh c|ibh bc sem ofcadm A|cai| }sc qc fc afmvñ ce cf l|mzh iq}sic|bh&mfkhehq biace }sc fmq wsermq bc fmq ofcadmq qhe vcecehqm& wc|ñ yh qm}sc mA|cai| bhq mqriffm bmf l|mzh m fhq =4 `cqcq ìcer|mq cqrmlm`hq ce escqr|h

amhrilc|ih& qie aherm| hr|mq `hadmq `mq adi}sirmq }sc fc qmfime ce}smebhce}smebh ìcer|mq ilm ws|kmebh fm c|ibm& cf ehrslh `mq `cbiah ei `mq|c`cbih }sc fm w|hvibceaim& bc aheqiksicerc fm wserm eh c|m vcecembm& A|cai|aheqc|vm fmq mqriffm k|mebc }sc yh fc qm}sc y fmq ricec m}si ce qs whbc|%

Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm c|m bcqam`wmbm ahe qhfm`cerc se m|lhf bc mfkm|hyh& ybcqwscq }sc cqrsli`hq wmqmbhq bcfm|lhf ah`h whah `mq bc sem }smb|m vi`hse yebih m r|m bc fmfkm|hvh y Mfcjmeb|h Qmfm }sc c|m om`hqh ri|mbh| fc ri|ñìcer|mq cf yebih eh `hqr|mlm `mq }sc fm amlcqm y fh yqh amc| y qc vibh se

bcqwm|m`hq bcofcadmq wh| cf mi|cq }sc m fm }scerm fm lmfm bcqwscq bc wmqm|fc fmamlcqm fc wckh rm`lice ec fmrmbh bc qsq ofcadmq y qc bcqwm|m`m|he& mffm vi`hqah|c| fhq yebihq bc mwié y bc mamlmffh%

Mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm fm bcqam|km mqibh mfkh `ceh& se whah `mq mlmjirh mlim seyebih `hqh mf wic bc fm lm|meam }sc c|m mfkh cqam|wmbm y cqrmlm ahe qs m|ah yofcadm cqahebibm ce fm `mqickm mksm|bmebh }sc wmqmqc`hq wm|m mqcks|m| mmfkheh bc ehqhr|hq& fhq wchecq fh vic|he& y fhq 2 ahe fhq osqifcq wsermbh m fiebih}sc ehq ilm`h mqc|amebh& bcaime m cqrc Bhe Wmlfh fc ri|m`h& eh fc ri|ce bcaim cf&fc ri|m`h eh fc ri|ce& }sc cqrh c|m fh }sc qic`w|c bcaàm Qh|im c fiebih qc w|cwm|m

wm|m ri|m| fm ofcadm eh biqrmebh bm cf m ehqhr|hq 1 vm|mq wh|}sc fm ah|icerc ehqffclmlm ce fmq dscffmq m qi qc|am bc fm lm|meam& yh vicebh }sc Qh|im eh }sic|c }scfc `mrce y }sc fiebih ylm m fm|km| fm ofcadm fc k|irc ri|cefc& fc ri|m|he fhq 2ehbiqrmebh bc fm lham bc fh osqifcq m fiebh bhq vm|mq y }scbh `sc|rh% Mf bm|hr|m vscfrm diqc osqifm| hr|h yebih vickh wh| cf ìq`h qrifh }scrhr|h& ehq iqic|hehr|m bcqam|km ahe whamq ofcadmq& mf bm| hr|m vscfrm ehq yqic|he hr|m bcqam|km cqrmos é fm `mq adi}sirm& fm qcrri`m y fm sfri`m amìem`h se whah `mq> y osebcm`hqwm|m wmqm| fm ehadc }sc ym c|m rm|bc& cqrc bim amìem`hq `mq }sc eiekhe bim cf|ih licec `si hebh& y ahe lmqrmercq r|heahq fm lm|meamq mfrmq y wh| cqh cq }sc ehwhbim`h vc|fhq yebihq wc|ñ qc yh hr|m vcz rslic|m bc wmqm| wh| mffi whec|im mflm|ah se m|lhf ahe sem ahom bc fmfrh| bc fmq lm|meamq }sc qc|me bm =< vm|mq bcmfrh y ce wm|rc `mq ceqà`m bc fm ahom bhq h`l|c ahe bhq r|mlhahq& y fc m|im




wm|mwcadh bc asc|h wm|m ml|ikh bc fm ofcadm& cqrhq eh bcqm|ime m|i`m| m fmlm|meam m eiekseh yebihq%

Riasf}si ehq bijh m fmamlm| fsfri`m bcqam|km mqrm `mýmem& y eseam `cerim%

$Mlm|im)

Wscq ehqhr|hq c|m`h qcks|hq bc fm wmfml|m bc Riasf}si bc aheqiksicerc fhc|m`h rm`lice bc }sc ehq mr|mamqc ce fhq bhq qmfrhq ah`h biqh bijh mì&ehqhr|hq eh qslim`hq }sc rmf whbime qc| fhq qmfrhq& wc|ñ wh| adiah }sc oscqce&

qmfrhq mlime bc qc|& yh w|has|mlm fm qmfvmaihe bcf lm|ah wh|-}sc qi fh wc|bim`hqmlic|m`h wc|bibh fm vibm h`mem bc fhq yebihq& bc aheqiksicerc biqc m Qh|im fhqqmfrhq cqrme qc|am& fhq yebihq ehq qiksce wm|m mr|mam|ehq mffà& ehqhr|hqrceb|c`hq }sc bcqm|ehq amc| wh| fhq Qmfrhq& cf Lm|ah cq bclif& wscbc m ofhjm|ehqmfkhe rm|skh caa% m`mq bc cqrh whbc`hq vm|m| ce mfkhe bcqwfmymbh wh| se whah`mq }sc amfc`hq bc mksm& y qc| mffi mr|mambhq aa% bc aheqiksicerc fc biqc cq ìwm|cqc| cadm| rhbh m =mksm bcjmebh qhfm`cerc fh ecacqm|ih wm|m fm aheqc|vmaihebcf Lm|ah y bc fmvibm& S% eh y|ih|m fm bclifibmb bc escqr|h Lm|ah wscq eh cqcadh wm|m am|km| embm y mqi qc|í S% |cqwheqmlfc bc fm vibm bc ehqhr|hq c`hqh bcwc|bc|fm wh| omfrm|ehq cf Lm|ah caa%

Qh|im eh }siqh mqc|qc am|kh bc |cqwheqmlifibmb y mqi `mebh ri|m| rhbh mfmksm&m`ceh fh }sc c|m bc ws|m ecacqibmbm%

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Qc|cri|h rm`lice ?1 qh}scrcq bc `mbc|m }sc r|mi`hq bc escqr|mq bc ?1 amfibmbcqbiooc|cercq& y rhbmq srifcq%

Qcri|? se k|mebc `h|rc|h& bhq k|mebc lmrcmq& cra%

Bc fhq asc|hq bc fmq wcrmamq bcf rmvmah bc A|cai| rhbhq fhq wchecq qc iqic|he sewheadh wh| }scbm| mqi qsq asc|whq `mq ml|ikmbh bc fmq ofcadmq& Qh|im qc yqhbhq& wh|}sc cf ìcbh c|m bhlfc% Jsme @mrmah qc yqh m `hbh bc se ym}scrhe }scfc biqrmlm bmf asc|wh ah`h sem }sm|rm bc vm|m cqrc c|m `mq qcks|h& A|cai| qc

yqh mqc| wh| Jsme hr|h y}smf& wm|caime rmebhq omermq`m& yh y qc bc asc|h semah|mqm }sc Fm wheim ceqi`m bc Im ym}scrm fc mlhrhemlm fhq amfqhecq ceqi`m& y



==7 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wheim ceqi`m bc cffm cf ymfcah bc `hbh }sc eh qc whbim vc| ei `c bmlmceah`hbibm mfksem& eh `c cek|hqmlm `hadh wh|}sc cerheac c|m se whah `mq

}sc cq}scfcrh& amsqm bc fm ceoc|`mbmb }sc rslc& ksiqc }sc fhq hr|hq yqicqceah|mqmq rm`lice& wc|h `mq m`mlme cf wheadh& Escqr|h lm|ah& escqr|h c}siwmkc&fmq ofcadmq }sc rceim`hq ecf rcadh bc asc|hq& c|m ahqm bikem bc vc|qc

M fm `m|imem vi`hq fhq yebihq ce bhq r|hqhq bm fm wm|rc bcf E%C% y Riasf}si cecffhq& yqi`h ahqiem| cf rsfwh wm|m bm| bc ah|ec| m escqr|m kcerc& y rm`lice mehqhr|hq bcqwscq bc ah`c| ehq whqi`hq m amìem| se whah wc|h maim vcerhosc|rc y ce wm|rc ehq mr|mamlm m fm lm|meam& y mqi ceaher|mebh se bcqwmymbhoh|`mebh se lmeah bc m|cem bm fm wm|rc bcf E%C% y fm lm|meam bcf Qh mfkh lmjirm&

bc `hbh }sc whbim`h khkm| m}si ahe fmq am|hembm& bi`hq ohebh y ehq bcjm`hqcqrm|% Riasf}si qc mam`wñ ahe qs kcerc mf E%C% biqrmeaim bc bhq }smb|m whah`mq wc|h qc cqrmlme fhq yebihq bc `hbh }sc eh whbim`hq hocebc|fhq&ce}smebh ce}smebh vcim`h cf qh`w|c|h bc Riasf}si%

Qc wsqh m ffhvc|& y qcksih mqi ffhvicebh rhbm fm ehadc% Wh|m}si ym fmq mksmq ehqhe wc|ihbiam ah`h m|ilm%

M fhr|h bim cf ric`wh c|m ffhvihqh y vicerh osc|rc& m fm rm|bc Riasf}si qc mqh`h

se whah ahe fm amlcqm Qh|im fh ffm`h vceidh`l|c rc bm|c wheadhq& Riasf}siahercqrh ricece am|ihecq& fhq am|ihecq cqrmlme ahe fm lhaam mqi m Riasf}rri i fhqbhvi`hq vscfrmq ahe fm amfmrm mqi m cf& ce rheadc Riasf}si qc mqh`h m Amlmffhbiqh }scfhq bc fm hr|m lmebm c|me yebihq `mfhq& vhq qhiq cf `mfh fc bcaim Qh|im&Wmrhri cq cf `mfh bcaim Riasf}si& Qh|im mlfmlm ahe sem sìfbm iea|cilfc& Riasf}siahe sem vhq mlfmlm bc `sadh as|mkc& cf eck|h Fh|cezh Ofh|cq qc ce hjh aheQh|im y fc bijh cffhq k|irme osc|rc k|ircfc osc|rc S% rm`lice& y qi S% ricec ìcbhehqhr|hq fc k|irm|c`hq& cerheac Qh|im fcq biqh m Riasf}si& ì|mq yh qhi lscewmb|c y c|`meh bc ohebhq fhq yebihq y qi vscfvcq mri|m| ofcadmq wckm|c osckh mfAmýhe y `mrm|m m rhbhq fhq yebihq cqrh fc bijh ahe rhbm qsq osc|qmq& cqrm cq cf

bcqcekmýh }sc biac Qh|im ce qs fil|iffh |cailic|he qsoiaicerc cra% o% <;% Mfctmeb|h}siqh ri|m| se lmfmqh m Riasf}si y Qh|im eh }siqh%

$mbihq bc Riasf}si)

Riasf}si qc |iri|h y bcqwscq bc se |mrirh vhfvih mqs`m| fm amlcqm y biqh osc|rcmbihq ri|ñ sem ofcadm fm }smf qc afmvñ ecf lmeah bc m|cem& y qc |cri|ñ%

Bc`mq Riasf}si `ceràm y c|m |ckhfm| qc oscqc wh|}sc ehq bijh mbihq& y eh mqrm`mýmem%



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ===

$bcf Qmfrh bc yzh )

Mf bim qiksicercq cer|m`hq ce sem ameadm fm|km y bc|cadm lm|meamq mfrmq cf \ihmekhqrh w|hosebh y ah|cerhqh }smerh `mq amìemlm`hq c|m fm ah|icerc `mqosc|rc mqrm }sc dhi`h se |sibh osc|rc& w|cwm|m`hq fmq mea|mq& y ce ffckmebhbhebc cf \ih bmlm sem vscfrm ah`h qc vc ecf Wfme mffi cqrmlm cf Qmfrh bi`hqohebh mercq bc ffckm| ce fm amibm bc fmksm& m}si cf \ih c|m mfkh `mq meadh yrceim se k|me lmeah bc a|cbm macirhqm mf E%C% }sc qhl|c qmfim bcf mksm ah`h semvm|m ce cf `mq mfrh mlim ce cf mfkhehq |mikhecq rceb|m bc fm|kh ah`h =97 vm|mqwhah `mq dh `cehq y bc meadh 47 vm|mq bcqbc cf mksm mqrm fm Lm|meam mfrm bcfE%C%%

Ecf `cbih dh `mq mf Qh mlim hr|h lmeah miqfmbh }sc fh qcwm|mlm bc fm Lm|meambcf Qh se amemfirh bc mksm ah`h bc =4 qmq bc meadh ce bhebc `mq rceim cqrclmeah ah`h 97 m =77 vm|mq bc fm|kh& y bm ?7 vm|mq bc meadh ce cf `cbih c|m cf`mq mfrh }sc ml|m qibh bcf eivcf bc fmksm sem vm|m y bc mffi ilm ce biìesaihmqrm m fmksm m `hbh bc wfmym& cer|c fhq bhq lmeah mlim se amemf ah`h bc <4vm|mq bc meadh wh| cf }smfqc bcqahfkmlm fmksm ahe w|caiwirmzihe mf `hbh bc seadiofhe bc `hfieh& y ilm mr|hwczm| cf osc|rc bc fm ah||icerc ce cf lmeah bcf E%C%}sc qc mlmeqmlm ceo|cerc bcf adiofhe ah`h qcvc ecf wfme% @c masc|bh `sy lice}sc ce =4 dh <7 vm|mq bcfm|kh }sc mv|m rceibh fm amibm& c bhvi`h sem vm|m bc

amibm& eh ehq mr|cvi`hq m wmqm| wh| cf bc ìcbh bc r|hwcqm| ecf lmeah& ehqbcrc|ìem`hq wmqm| wh| cf amemfirh& mse}sc mlim ce fm h|iffm bcf lmeah vm|ihq`hkhrcq bc fm ìq`m a|cbm bcf Lmeah m `hbh bc wmecq bc mzsam| y }sc fmksmeh fh ksqrmvm wh| qc| bc fm ìq`m a|cbm bcf Lmeah y mqcirhqm cqrhq mekhqrmlmecf amemfirh `mq wc|ñ vi }sc mlim fsksm| mse}sc mwcem wm|m wmqm| ehqbcrc|ìem`hq wmqm| wh| cf& fm ah|icerc bcf amemfirh c|m osc|rc wc|h bivibibh cebhq& cqrhcq rceim m `hbh bc se adiofheairh ecf `cbih bcf fm|kh bcq amemf y hr|h mfmamlm| dh mf bcqc`lham| cf amemfirh ecf \ih wmqmlm`hq wh| cf oifmebhqc wh| seamlfc wm|m }sc fm w|hm eh qc `cricqc ce mfkhe `hkmrc& y ahe eh `sy whahìcbh bc fhq yebihq%

Cqrc amemfirh ahe <4 dh`l|c ce sem qc`mem ahe mqmbmq eh`mq fhwheb|im cecqrmbh wm|m wmqm| wh| cf se lm|ah bc =< vm|mq bc meadh& y sem bc amfmbh& cfric`wh bc a|caicerc eh wscbc mlc| qieh sem osc|rc ah|ice-rc% Qh|im fc biñ cfeh`l|c bc Qmfrh bc yzñ%

$Fmkh bc Fs|lc)

Qcksi`hq amìemebh y mf bm| fm hr|m vscfrm hi`hq hr|h `h|`hffh bc fmksm&mwcem ffckm`hq& vi`h mf \ih meadh }sc oh|`mlm m `hbh bc fmksem& y ahe `sy



==< Jsme Jhqé Nhww

wham ah|icerc bi`hq ohebh& wh|}sé vi`hq }sc `mq mlmqhq qc mekhqrmlm fmksmcer|c bhq lmeahq bc a|cbm macirhqm y oh|`mlm sem osc|rc ah||icerc mqqim`h|`hffh& yqc m`m|m| se amlfc m ric||m& wm|m oifm|ehq wh| cf& cqrm `meihv|m rslc}sc mqc|fm m}si wh|}sc eh whbim oim|`c bc fhq wchecq wh| eh qc| cffhq `m|ieh&ehq oifm`hq y wmqmlm`hq& `sy lice wscq eh ho|cqc eiekse hqrmahfh& fmqbcqA|iaihe bc cqrc wmqh cq rmf }smf cqrm ecf wfmeh& Qh|im fc bih cf eh`l|c bc Wmqhbc Fs|lc%

Mwwcemq wmqm`h yqc ohebcm| wm|m bcqmrm| cf amlfc }sc mlim`hq m`m|mbh mric||m& qc oifh se }sm|rh bc fm ambcem y mfkh `mq qie }sc fmea|m mikm rh`mbhohebh& wm|cqc }sc m}si slicqc se whqh y qckse ì meriksm`cerc bclim bc mlc|sem k|me amibm%

Cf |c`meqh }sc oh|`mlm ehq bcrceim qc bcqmrh cf amlfc qc qhvih fmea|m y qcqiksih amìemebh& cer|c lm|meamq `sy mfrmq kcec|mf`cerc `hershQmQ bc`mbc|mq srifcq& cf \ih `sy w|hosebh mekhqrh y mfkh ah|cerhqh%

$Jsme Jhqé Amqi}sc)

Cf bim qiksicerc qcksi`h amìemebh% Fm ah|icerc ym eh c|m rmerh osc|rc wc|ñ fm

adiamq vscfrmq vhfvime m`mqkmbc|cm| se whah& `mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq se yebihahe bhq `hadmadhq ceqi`m bc fm lm|meam bcf Qh }sc vceim mqi m|ivm dh mqimehqhr|hq& qmeriksmebhqc& fcq w|ckserm`hq }sice c|m& ehq bijh }sc cf c|m Jsme

Jhqé Amqi}sc bc se fmbh y bcf hr|h bcf \ih fcq biqi`hq }sc ehq bitcqc bc }scemaihe c|m& ehq bcaih }sc cf c|m yebih eh`mq& fh ah`libm`h mlh|bh yeh }siqhvcei| bc ìcbh bc wmkm| wh| fhq bc `mq m|ivm& fcq whqi`hq ce fm lm|meam bhqkh||h ybhq ahadiffhq }sc qc fhq osc m rh|em| mwcemq sli`hq wmqmbhq& bcqwscq`mq mlmjh vieh mlh|bh y fh vcqri`h& y qc osé& `mq mlmjh qc vhfvih m vcei| ahehr|h }sc bcaim }sc c|m qs c|`meh& }sc rm`lice fh vcqri`h y qc }scbm|hemlh|bh mamìem| ahe ehqhr|hq%

M fm rm|bcairm ceaher|m`hq se k|me lmeah bc a|cbm m fm wm|rc bcf Qh wckmbh mffmlm|meam bcf ìq`h fmbh cqrc c|m c|`hqh fhkm| wm|m wmqm| fm ehadc& wh|}sé m}siyhkmvme lice fmq am|hembmq& bi`hq ohebh& y `mebm`h m Bhìekh adh}sc ahebhq wchecq `mq ecf lmeah m ahaiem| l|mzmq& ce cqrh vieic|he `mq yebihq& y viehfm ehadc& Jsme Jhqé ahe qs c|`meh qc osc|he m ric||m& y qsqcbc }sc Adh}sc amiñmfmksm& y r|mq cf qc ri|m|he bhq yebihq wm|m qmfvm|fh& ahe cqrh qhqcbàh mflh|hrh&ehqhr|hq a|cycebh }sc fhq yebihq mikme `sc|rh m escqr|hq wchecq cqrmlm`h ymwm|m ri|m|fc ahe fmq am|hembmq% ksmebh vi`hq wh| fm fsz bcf osckh m Em|aiqh }scqc qcam }sc mehvc|fh slic|m`hq cadhq sem `mrmezm rc|ilfc y mqi qc |ckmfh mfhqbhq yebihq qmam|he m Adh}sc bhq asadiffhq ambmseh y se kh|h rm`liceambmseh%



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==1

Cf hr|h bim ehq bijh Jsme Jhqé }sc ehq ilm mksm|bm| m qs amqm& y ehqhr|hq

qcksi`hq m amìem|%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq ce sem lm|meam lmjm m `hbh bc wmym m Jsme Jhqé ahe`hadm ceafimbm bc rhbh qcqh& fc |ckmfm`hq Ahadiffhq& Kh||hq& ksmfcahq&Amfqhecq& vm}scrmq wm|m |cwm|ri| m qsq kcercq& rm`lice fc |ckmfm-`hq se qmah bc`miq& y se mrmbh bcf adm|}sc& wscq }sc ym qmlim`hq }sc cqrmlm`hq qc|am bcfbcqc`lh}sc%

$fsme Jhqé acfcl|m fm wmq

Mf |caili| cqrh Jsme Jhqé ce fm wfmym& mkm|ñ sem a|imrs|irm bc wcadh m sem adiem& yahe cffm ce fm `mehq fm rceim m|ilm qhl|c qs amlcqm qmfrmvm& ffh|mebh& y k|irmebhmqsq kcerc& y qsq kcerc fh ì|mlme ahe `sadh qifceaih& cqrm qacem bs|ñ ah`h se}sm|rh bc h|m y wsqc fm a|imrs|m ceric||m ehq bijh m ehqhr|hq& ce ceam|kmbh m ìkcerc qic`w|c wmq ahe fhq qmfrcýhq }sc bme bc ah`c| m fhq whl|cq yebihq`sc|rhq bc dm`l|c& y fhq Wm|mksmyhq lmfm qcýh|%%%

Cqrm osc|he fmq wmfml|mq }sc ehq bijh cf amqi}sc Jsme Jhqé ahe vivmq bc-q`hqr|maihe bc vcbmbc|m mìqrm%

Bcqwscq ehq biqh }sc cf ehq ilm m ksm|bm| ce fm whqrm bc ah||icerc $Cqrm whqrm}sc ehq bcaim Jsme Jhqé bclàm bcqc| se hl|mjc bc `mbc|m bc fhq ah||ceriehq%

]smebh |ck|cqm`h bc escqr|m bcrceaihe ecf Wm|mksmy cqrmebh ce ah||icerc bijhcf Caacfceràqi`h Qckeh| Khlc|embh| Bhe Wcb|h Oc|i m Qh|im m%%%%)& ehqhr|hqbcaim`h }sc whqrm cq cqrm ce cf Admah fc w|ckse-rm`hq }smermq fcksmq mlim m fmwhqrm& ehq bcaim }sc `mq mlmjirh& ah`h 3 m ? fcksmq y qc osé%

@mq mlmjh ceaher|m`hq sem yqfm adiam y `sershqm bc m|lhfc srifcq& fh ìq`hcefmq bhq lm|meamq& bcqbc m}si qc wscbce qmam| `mbc|mq `sy c|`hqmq& Qh|imbiñ cf eh`l|c m cqrm yzfm bc E$%%%%) & m}si }scbm`hq mwmqm| fm ehadc% M fm`mýmem qmfi|ehq y wmqm|ehq ahe cf Lm|ah wh| cf Amemf bcf E%C% y `mebc }sc semamehirm wmqm|m wh| cf amemf bcf Qh }sc fhq bhq rceime mksm lmqrmerc& cqrh cq cf`ceh ohebh ? rc|aimq bc vm|mq& mwcemq sli`hq wmqmbhq fm yzfm ceaher|m`h bc fmwm|rc bcf eivcf bc mksm& y eh vceim wh| cf mksm mfksem% ]smerh `mq ylm`hq `mqmlmjh fmq lm|meamq y dme lmqmebh `mq y ce wm|rc m vim wfmymq bc m|cemq& `mq

mlmjh ceaher|m`h se wm|mkc }sc fmksm qc bcqwm|m`mlm y eh mlim `mq }sc semvm|m bc ohebh%



==2 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

Mfm ehadc bhvi`hq ohebh }sc ym c|m asmqi hqas|h y mf |sibh bc fm ambcem%

hà`hq se k|mebc mflh|hrh bc yebihq }sc qc mlime mqsqrmbhq%

M fm `mýmem qcksi|ehq amìemebh y ce aher|m`hq bc fm wm|rc bcf E%C% se|imadirh `sy c|`hqh r|mim |ckhfm| mksm& yh fc whqc cf eh`l|c bcf \ih lcffh `mqmlmqh ceaher|m`hq se k|mebc wmf`m|& cf vicerh ehq mr|mamvm% bc`hbh }sc ehwhbim`h amìem| y mqà wm|m`hq m }si%

$Bcqc`lh}sc ecf \ih Wm|mksmy)

Mfm `mýmem ehq wsqi`hq m amìem| y fmq y bc fm `mýmem bcqc`lham-`hq ce sek|mebc \ih }sc mf `h`cerh biqi`hq cqrc cq cf %\ih Wm|mksmy%

Bcqbc cf bcqc`lh}sc mqrm mf qmfrh bc yzñ cf \ih qc wscbc emvckm| ahe se lm|ahbc ; }sm|rhq bc amfmbh& ahe fm qcks|ibm }sc eh ce ascer|m|í `mq }sc se wmqh bcsem vm|m wc|ñ mfijmebh qc wmqm mf `h`cerh wh|}sc cq `sy as|rh& cq bcmbvivc|ri| }sc cf \ih bcf Wm|mksmy c|m a|caibh& wc|ñ cf Lm|ah lmjh%

$Cer|ickm i oie)

Fm mfck|im }sc khqmlm`hq rhbhq c|m ie cqwfiamlfc wh| mlc|ehq qmombhq bc qc|ahìbhq mqmbhq wh| fhq lm|lm|hq% yh wm|riahfm|`cerc Qcerim se jhlifh ce ìwcadh }sc eh`m fh mlim w|cvmbh yh bcaim mì ìq`h& m bcqwcadh bcf A|scfQh|im& bc fmq ceoc|`cbmbcq& y bc ìq k|mebc r|mlmqhq& bi oie mìq hlfikmaihecq&ahe |cqwi|m| rhbmlim ì vibm& yh `c bcaim m h|m& `c }scbm|c qmoh `sy w|herh bc`mebm| m cqrhq wchecq& w|herh `c qmom|c bc Qh|im& y ahercerh |cqwi|m|c y|cqwheb|c ì qmfsb%

Wscq mwcemq bcqc`lsam`hq bcqasl|i`h sem amqm ce fm ahqrm bcf Wm|mksmy& ahecf merchjh vci`hq kcerc }sc eh biqrieksi`hq qi c|me h`l|c dh `hkc|cq& wscqmffm ehq bi|iki`hq& y mfm ac|am`hq `mq ahehai`hq }sc c|me ahe adi|iwm }scmw|cqs|mbhq madmlme fhq Amlmffh mf ah|mf Ahehai-`hq }sc qc rilime cqsqrmbhq fcwhqi`hq lmebc|m lfmeam& wc|ñ ce qiffm|he y qc biqwm|m|he rhbhq& A|cai| bijh m}scvm`hq m}si vm`hehq bc|cadh m ah|icercq& Qh|im bcaàm m ì }sc biac S% yh fcbcqim }sc ì hlfikmaihe qc mamlh ecf bcqc`lh}sc bcf \ih Lc|`cqh }sc cf c|m cfAmwirme y biqwhqic|m& a|cai| ieqrmlm y bcaim }sc qi rham`h mffi ehq mlime bcceambcem| bcbhq cebhq y mqc`hq am|km| fmb|iffhq ce `cbih bc fm wfmzm bc fm

amwirmf& Qh|im bcaim }sc rceim }sc r|mrm| y }sc eh ah`wim ahe qm ahìqihe qierham| mffi% a|cai| fc bcaim }sc bc Ah||icercq whbim r|mrm| Qh|im bcaim mì }sc fc wm




|cac m S% B%E% yh }sc `sy lice ahehaim m Qh|im fh }sc bcqwscq whbim qhqcbc|`c

amsqm bc qs k|mebc mvm|iaim qie y}smf%%%%fc |cqwhebim }sc qi qm Ahìaihe c|m bcrham| ecf Wm|mksmy& vm`hq mffi& }sc qi eh fh c|m vm`hq mlmjh& }sc cf c|m cfAmwirmeh y }sc cf Qhfh qc|m hlcbcaibh& A|cai| cerheac qc fh Ifclmlme fhq bimlfhqwc|h wh| fhq wchecq osé `cemqmbh bc `sc|rc& qi eh amffimlm fm lham% mr|mam`h mfm lm|meam bcf Wm|mksmy mf oie bc fm Ksm|bim bc Rmffi }sc rmf c|m fm amqm& y ehmlim se mf`m rhbhq qc mlime cqamwmbhq bc ìcbh bc ehqhr|hq& m }si A|cai| wibiñsem amehirm wh| i|qc m Ah||icerc& yh eh }siqc wh|}sc eh `c wm|caiñ lice&bcqwscq bc se fm|kh |mrh& vieh se qm|kcerh Wm|mksmyh m amlmffh ceqi`m bc fmlm|meam m ì|m|ehq Qh|im fcq biqh lcekm wm|m m mam dh`l|c qh`hq mìkhq ehrcekm ìcbh& }sc qh`hq a|iqrimehq& }sc vcei`hq bc Qmfrm% cf Wm|mksmyh ce rheac

bijh vcekm wm|m am S% Qh|im qc osé mffm& y ìcer|mq ahevc|qmlm ffckñ fmf oc|c \smahe ahe sehq qhfbmbhq m Amlmffhq& y ffckh fmfoc|c Rmfmvc|m ahe bhq amehmq aheqhfbmbhq Qh|im c}sivham wheicebh fmfmvc|m wh| ric||m y \sm ce fm amehm& wc|hwhah i`wh|rm cqrh& fmqserh c qmlc| }sc m }si cer|ckm-`h wh| `mebmbh bc Qh|imfmq m|`mq m fmfoc|c Rmfmvc|m& bcqwscq bc mlc| cer|ckmbh fmq m|`mq ehq }sirm|hefhq |c`hq& y fmq Amehmq ehq aherm|he ah`h aml|mq& y bcjh fmfoc|c \sm bc ksm|bimm ehqhr|hq mqrm escvm h|bce%

Cqrc cq cf _cerm|he& y fm ah|icercq& y- fm _hz& }sc ehq mr|mañ _cme cf fil|iffh bc

Qh|im& ah`h ìcerc o%27 y 2=%

M}si c hlqc|vmbh fm fmfrm wh| `cbih bc rmds|m `cbimem fm Frs|m bc <?7 4=+ 3<++Qsb ahe fiaceaim bc fmfoc|c \sm%

Cf bim =9 ehq ffcvm|he cqr|imebh mqrm Ec`lsah y eh whqic|h ce$ ) m}si ahì yhse whah bc wme y `c vhfvih cf Adcadh%

M}si wmkh Qh|im m fhq wchecq =< wcqhq m ambm wche& m`ceh Qmfksc|h y fhq bhqierc|w|crc }sc eseam fc bme embm%%%%y eh ce Rmffi

Hadh bimq bcqwscq& fmfoc|c rmfmlc|m ehq lieh m fc| fm qiksicerc h|bce bcf Qcýh|Qhw|c`h Biarmbh|

H|bce

Bi|mq mfhq }sc Amwirmeime m fmq lm|am vceibm bc Qmfrm }sc wh| qs marh mr|hq&

mr|cvibh& bcqvc|kheqmbh& bcqwhriah& y ieaheqhfcerc% }sc cqhq wiam|hemqh bcfQmfrcýhq qc jserm|he& ahe cqhq fmb|hecq bc Wh|rcýhq }sc wc|qsbiam|he bc rmerhq



==? Jsme Jhqé Nhww

ìffhecq bc wcqhq m cqrm w|hvieaim& }sc qi }sic|ce vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|mq qc vscfvce

y eh }sc qc |cìrce m cqrh }sc qc fcq bm|m bcqrieh& wm|m mlmjh eh dme bc di|%

Qh|m fc ahercqrñ }sc fc c|m rme omaif vhfvc|qc wm|m mr|mq ah`h bc m}sà m fm Fsem&yh fc biqc }sc cqrmlm ceoc|`h& y }sc `c wheim ce fmq `mehq bc qs Ctacfceaimbiqwhqicqc bc ì fh }sc osc|m bc qs mk|mbh& A|cai| w|ckserñ qi whq $cer|ckm|mfmq m|`mq fc |cqwhebih }sc cf eh qmlim cerheqc A|cai| $%%%%) ) fhq wchecq fc biqc|he}sc fh }sc maime qsq wmr|hecq dmaime cffhq rm`lice% Cerheac `c bijh mì& H|bcebc qs Ctacfceaim }sc fc `mebc S% qs Wfme bim|ih qc fh bi y fc bijh }sc qi ksqrme fcsei|im wm|m }sc qs Ctacfceaim vic|m \ih `cqh|%

Cf Ah`mebmerc `c fh bcvhfvih biaicebh`c }sc mqi fh diaic|m y bih wm|rc mfBiarmbh|%

M fhq hadhq bimq vieh fm h|bce }sc qc fc `mebc cf wfme bim|ih& qc fh `mebc& jsqrm`cerc ahe cf |cheibh%

Fhq `mfhq bimq yh wmqmlm amsqm bc ì ceoc|`cbmb qhe iea|cilfc& `c osé eckmbhse amfmlhqh wm|m ml|ikm|`c%

Qh|im& A|cai|& y yh mksm|bmlm`hq ambm bim fm Qcerceaim bc qc| osqifmbhq $seiahw|cìh }sc qscfce bm| fhq ri|mehq) qckhe ehq bmlme m cercebc| fhq qhfbmbhq }scehq ksm|bimlme%

Mfhq whahq bimq vieh h|bce bc r|mrm|ehq lice%

Cf bim w|i`c|h bc Cec|h bcf =4<; eh iqic|he r|mqlh|bm| mlh|bh bc sem Khfcrm

wm|m mksmq m|ilm bcjmebh ahelm|am| m Qh|im rhbhq fhq adiq`cq bc escqr|h lm|ah&y qmfi`hq ahe bcqrieh mksmq m|ilm ffckm`hq ce fm Amwirmf ce fm }smf cqrsli`hq 3bimq qi whbc| mlfm| ahe embicq& y qmfi`hq escvm`cerc wh| m|ivm& ecf Amìeh cf_m}scmeh r|sjh mlh|bh sem oscerc bc ìcf ahe }scqh y `miq rhqrmbh& rhbhvcec|h wh| adhadh& yh |mlihqh bc ì qsc|rc& y bc ì qmfs& y mlhfibh ym bc vivi|&ahì bc cqrh `mq }sc se qmeh& fsckh `c bih fm amfcers|m }sc `c bcth r|cqehadc y bhq bimq& y qc `c ah|rh cf cf adhadh%

Cf bim 2 bc Ocl|c|h fckm`hq ce fm _iffm \cmf& cf bim 4 cf ah`mebmerc `mebh

lmqm| mric||m m fhq wchecq m r|cq m r|cq y fhq ilm cer|ckmebh m fhq hoiaimfcq bc fmAh`wmým }sc qc fh ffcvm|he m osc|m& sfri`m`cerc ehq diqh lmqm| m ehqhr|hq r|cq&



Bim|ih Ctwcbiaiñe mf Lc|`cjh =4<?-Eiahfmq Bcqamfzi ==;

Qh|im& A|cai|& y yh m}si ehq diqh se |ckiqr|h qa|hwsfhqh }sirmebhehq rhbhq

escqr|hq wmwcfcq& m Qh|im fc }sirm|he se fil|h bc ascermq& y qs bim|ih& }sc ce fhqbhq eh& mwsermlm `mq }sc fhq k|mehq bc `myq bcf @herc y sem ahwim bcfc`lcerm|ih bc qs Amqm m A|cai| fc rh`m|he semq am|rmq& y mì fh qiksicerc& Seharmerc c|`hqh& fmq rmlfmq bc fhq fhkm|ir`hq bc Amffcr& @mam|rc& y Lhkhs|& m`lhqr|mrmbhq bc emsriam& bhq rh`hq bc fmq rmlfmq bc fhq vicerhq ah||icercq y `m|cqahehaibhq ce rhbhq fhq `m|cq bcf kfhlh& cf `mesmf bc fhq rc|ìehq `m|iehq&Fmfkcl|m bc Fma|hiq& m|ir`criam bc Lczsr& cf ahehaiìcerh bc fhq ric`whq& cra%cra% fhq `mq }sc m|meañ bc ì mf`m& meqibh fhq Amfasfhq& bcfhqhlqc|vmaihecqmqr|mf }sc mlim cadh%

Bcqwscq ehq Ifclñ ce fm viffm& y ehq whqh ce se }sm|rirh m fhq r|cq& y ehq bikh S%m}si qhe fil|cq& |clhq}sceqc embic fc m`hfcqrm|í ce fmbm& y qcosé& bcqmebhehqce fm`mq eck|m qirsmaihe& m}si ah|rh ì |cfmaihe wh| mdh|m ahe qhfh bcai|& }scc|m qic`w|c wc|qcksibh wh| cf adhadh& }sc cqrhvc =7 `cqcq y bimq qie bh|ì| eibc ehadc y ei bc bimq& =3 `cqcq ahe lsqmq& qie mlc|fmq `c|caibh%

]sc wh| whahq fmq _ifficemq `c A|sqioiame ah`h fhq yebihq m A|iqrh cra% cra% wm|mcqa|ili| ìq mahercaiìcerhq ce viffm |cmf ecacqirh `mq ric`wh& y }smebh qc|mecqa|irhq `c r|mrm|me bc c`lhqrc|h& wc|h qc|me vc|bmbcq%

Cf bim =4 bc Cec|h bcf =41=& cf Ah`mebmerc ehq |cheih m rhbhq ehqhr|hq& y ehqbcjh h|bce bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h }sc rhbhq Sqrcbcq qc |cbhbce y cqrce fiqrh wh|c`lm|am|qc wh| mksmq mlmjh& escqr|m mfck|im osc `mq k|mebc }sc ksmebhbcqc`lham`h ce cf \ih Wm|mksmy& wscq bc cqamvhq wmqm`hq m mfil|cq& ahe seqhfh mfrh vhfsermb bcf Qcýh| Qsw|c`h& yh fc bitc }sc yh cqrmlm fiqrh& m fm vc|bmblice whah slic|m bcjmbh%

$Qmfibm bc _iffm \cmf)

Cf bim 3 bc Jsfih bcf =41= qc ehq `mebh c`lm|am| wh| mksmq mlmjhq%

Cf bim <7 bc jsfih bcf =41=& ce Ec`lsah r|mqlh|bm`hq mlh|bh bc fm Qh`mamAm|`ce& bc fm Qceh|m Amebibm `cbiem& wm|m Lscehq My|cq%

Cf bim <1 bcf ìq`h ffckm`h ce Ah||icercq ce bhebc ahehqibh lice |cailibh&wm|riahfm|`cerc wh| cf Ctacfceriqi`h Qcýh| Khlc|embh| Bhe Wcb|h Oc||c& biadh

Khlc|embh| cadñ ce am|m m Qh|im cf eh mlc|fc cadh qmlcbh| bc escqr|mctwcbiaihe%



==4 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

$ffckmbm m L%M%)

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rhbmvim rceim wfmrm A|cai| }sc fh ahehaim& fc ahercqrñ }sc cf ym `c mlimc`w|cqrmbh lmqrmerc& y mksm|bmlm }sc cf `c wmkmqc wh|}sé yh fc wmkmqc mf& cqrmlsceh cerheqc bijh Qh|m Se bim `c osi y fc bitc Bhe Wmlfh ym cq ric`wh }sc `cì }scerm% @c |cqwhebih cqrmq wmfml|mq }sc qc yh cercebic|m mfkh bc `sqiam fmqwheb|im ahe `cqh| qhembm }sc \hqqiei%

S S Sqrc cq se whl|c& eh wscbc wfcircm| ricec }sc qc amffm| fm lhaam%

Cqrc osé ì wmkh& `mebh firhk|moim| 377 wfmecq ahe ì eh`l|c ce se |ieahe

qieyh mlc|fc oi|`mbh%

Wfme mfkheh& `c whqc mwfcircm|& ecf ìq`h ric`wh `c bcrsvc m ahqr|si| se wfmebcf \ih Lc|`cyh fh `mq ctmbh whqilfc& y qc sem qslqhziqise wm|m ahqrcm| fmfirhk|moim wm|m wsllfiam|fh& cqrh eh khqrñ m Qh|im& `c m|sjñ m sem wc|qhem bc`sadm ceribmb }sc yh fc mlim oi|`mbh cf wfmeh }sc cf wsllfiañ& qicebh semomfqcbmb wmrcerc%

Mqrm dh|m ec dc fhk|mbh jsqriaim mfksem& cq vc|bmb `c wm|cac }sc se whl|c ricec

}sc qc amffm| fm lhaam%

Lscehq My|cq <2 bc Mv|if bc =41<

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@mwm bc Wh|rmbm:

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Lilfihk|moàm y Oscercq aheqsfrmbmq:

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Rh||c \cvcffh& Jhqé% Cqrcfh y Aheacwaiñe bcf Lc|`cjh& bhq aisbmbcq bcqmwm|caibmq%

Lscehq Mi|cq%=921%

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Nc|qrce& Fsb{iek% Fmq r|ilsq iebàkcemq bcf K|me Admah m oiecq bcf qikfh T_III %

Bcwm|rm`cerh bc Diqrh|im bc fm SEEC%\cqiqrceaim =9?4%



=<7 Jsme Jhqé Nhww

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Jsme Jhqc Nhww jsjhnmGfivc%ah`\cwslfiam M|kceriem& <1 bc `m|zh bc <7==%

Kopp Juan Jose - Nicolas Descalzi, Diario ampliado,Expedición al río Bermejo año de 1826.

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Transcript of Kopp Juan Jose - Nicolas Descalzi, Diario ampliado,Expedición al río Bermejo año de 1826.