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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN GUÍA PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL EXAMEN DE ACREDITACIÓN DEL REQUISITO DE COMPRENSIÓN DE ARTÍCULOS TÉCNICO-CIENTIFICOS EN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS PARA LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL. Solicitante:________________________________. Fecha de examen: ___________________________.
Transcript of Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Apatzingán – Instituto ... · Web viewINSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO...
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN
GUÍA PARA LA PRESENTACIÓN DELEXAMEN DE ACREDITACIÓN
DEL REQUISITO DE COMPRENSIÓN DEARTÍCULOS TÉCNICO-CIENTIFICOS
EN EL IDIOMA INGLÉS PARA LAOBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO
PROFESIONAL.
Solicitante:________________________________.
Fecha de examen: ___________________________.
Hora: _____________________________________.
Aula:_____________________________________.
Fecha de resultados: _________________________.
Correo electrónico: __________________________
Recuerda que no existe una fórmula mágica que garantice la acreditación del examen, pero algunos puntos que te ayudaran, es el estar bien informado sobre este proceso y conocer algunos tips para un mejor desempeño:
Se sugiere: Tener conocimientos básicos de inglés. Tener práctica en lecturas en el idioma inglés, enfocadas a tu área de
especialidad. Familiarizarte con verbos y vocabulario de diversos temas actuales (enfocado a
tu carrera) Ensayar con exámenes prototipo disponibles en el Centro de Idiomas, probando
diferentes estrategias de solución al examen, para identificar la que te resulte mejor de manera personal.
Prepararte con tiempo, para que incrementes tus habilidades.
REQUISITOS PARA TENER DERECHO A LA PRESENTACIÓN DEL EXAMEN
1. Se recomienda haber aprobado un mínimo del 50% de los créditos de la carrera.
2. Haber entregado recibo de pago, solicitud del examen y copia en el Centro de Idiomas
(ubicado en el Edif. “Raúl Martínez Cruz”), por lo menos una semana antes de la fecha de
la aplicación del examen.
3. Presentarse puntualmente al examen en la fecha publicada previamente.
(Por ningún motivo se aplicará extemporáneamente)
4. Identificarse al entrar al salón, presentando su credencial de elector o credencial del último
semestre cursado del Instituto Tecnológico del cual provenga. (Si quien se presenta el día
del examen no es claramente identificado, no tiene derecho a presentar examen).
Adicionalmente un profesor de tu carrera te identificará personalmente.
5. Traer lapicero tinta negra o azul, lápiz, goma y sacapuntas.
6. No usar celulares, Tablets, etc., durante el examen.
7. No usar ningún material de consulta, durante el examen.
8. No salir del aula, una vez iniciado el examen.
PROCEDIMIENTO PARA REALIZAR TU EXAMEN
El tiempo para la aplicación del examen es de dos horas por lo que se te sugiere lo siguiente:
1. Al recibir el examen, deberás ESCRIBIR tu nombre, así como FIRMAR, en los espacios
correspondientes, utilizando lapicero de tinta negra o azul.
2. Leer el correspondiente artículo técnico-científico redactado en inglés, que deberá tener un
mínimo de 800 y un máximo de 1200 palabras.
3. DAR RESPUESTA a un conjunto de 10 reactivos de opción múltiple, redactados en
inglés. Cada reactivo tiene 3 opciones, de las cuáles, la que conteste mejor, de acuerdo al
artículo leído, será la única correcta. Las opciones restantes serán incorrectas. Las
respuestas deben señalarse claramente, utilizando lapicero tinta negra o azul. Si algún
reactivo no tiene la respuesta claramente marcada con lapicero, o están marcadas más de
una, dicho reactivo será tomado como incorrecto. La parte de reactivos tiene un valor de
60/100.
4. ELABORAR el resumen con una extensión mínima de una cuartilla (26 renglones), con
una valor de 40/100 en el cual deberás tomar en cuenta los siguientes aspectos:
Incluir todas las ideas principales esto con el fin de que no dejes fuera de tu
resumen las ideas más importantes del artículo.
Tener precisión de ideas. Para evaluar la exactitud con que expresas las ideas del
resumen, con respecto a lo que expresa el autor del artículo.
Redacción propia. En el se evalúa que el resumen tenga tu estilo propio de
redacción, pero que no incluyas tus opiniones personales, ni hagas una simple
traducción de lo leído. Debes demostrar que entendiste el artículo, identificando
los aspectos más importantes del mismo y resumiéndolo con tus propias palabras.
Ilación de ideas. En el se evalúa la relación entre las ideas expresadas. Es decir,
una idea debe guardar relación con la que le sigue. Debe haber una secuencia
lógica de ideas a lo largo del resumen. Si solo hay ideas aisladas, este aspecto no
se cumple.
El orden de los pasos puede cambiar, de acuerdo a lo que tú creas que te da más probabilidades de
un mejor resultado.
EVALUACIÓN Y CALIFICACIÓN DEL EXAMEN.
La evaluación del examen estará a cargo de un jurado, compuesto por 2 sinodales, un
sinodal del Centro de Idiomas y un sinodal asignado de tu academia que cuente con
conocimientos de Inglés.
El tiempo para entregar resultados será de un máximo de 5 días posteriores a la
fecha de aplicación.
Se le entregara al solicitante hoja de resultados, en la cual constara su calificación
APROBATORIA (mínima de 70%) o NO APROBATORIA, además el jurado anotara
las observaciones del porque del resultado. Mismas que ayudaran al alumno no
acreditado a conocer los aspectos a mejorar para próximas aplicaciones.
La calificación correspondiente se asentará en acta firmada por ambos, y será
inapelable, de acuerdo al artículo 1.2.6.7 del manual de procedimientos para la
acreditación del requisito de comprensión de artículos técnico-científicos en el idioma
inglés, para la obtención del título profesional.
NOTA: el contenido de la siguiente guía no es ni será el contenido del examen. Este solo
es un ejemplo del nivel del lenguaje técnico y ejemplo de cómo es un examen de Acreditación.
BiochemistrySometimes called biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to, living organisms. By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last 40 years, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany to medicine are engaged in biochemical research. Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.
Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by which genetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.
Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules and ions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, or organic, for example the amino acids which are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known as metabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control
Around two dozen of the 92 naturally occurring chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life. Most rare elements on Earth are not needed by life (exceptions being selenium and iodine), while a few common ones (aluminum and titanium) are not used. Most organisms share element needs, but there are a few differences between plants and animals. For example ocean algae use bromine but land plants and animals seem to need none. All animals require sodium, but some plants do not. Plants need boron and silicon, but animals may not (or may need ultra-small amounts).
Just six elements—carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus—make up almost 99% of the mass of a human body. In addition to the six major elements that compose most of the human body, humans require smaller amounts of possibly 18 more.
BiomoleculesMany biological molecules are polymers: in this terminology, monomers are relatively small micro molecules that are linked together to create large macromolecules, which are known as polymers. When monomers are linked together to synthesize a biological polymer, they undergo a process called dehydration synthesis. Different macromolecules can assemble in larger complexes, often needed for biological activity. The four main types of molecules in biochemistry are:
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are made from monomers called monosaccharides. Some of these monosaccharides include glucose (C6H12O6), fructose (C6H12O6), and deoxyribose(C5H10O4). When two monosaccharides undergo dehydration synthesis, water is produced, as two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom are lost from the two monosaccharides' hydroxyl group. The function of carbohydrates includes energy storage and providing structure. Sugars are carbohydrates, but not all carbohydrates are sugars. There are more carbohydrates on Earth than any other known type of biomolecule; they are used to store energy and genetic information, as well as play important roles in cell to cell interactions and communications
Monosaccharides
The simplest type of carbohydrate is a monosaccharide, which between other properties contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, mostly in a ratio of 1:2:1 (generalized formula CnH2nOn, where n is at least 3). Glucose, one of the most important carbohydrates, is an example of a monosaccharide. So is fructose, the sugar commonly associated with the sweet taste of fruits. Some carbohydrates (especially after condensation to oligo- and polysaccharides) contain less carbon relative to H and O, which still are present in 2:1 (H:O) ratio.
Monosaccharides can be grouped into aldoses and ketoses Both aldoses and ketoses occur in an equilibrium (starting with chain lengths of C4) cyclic forms.
Disaccharides
Two monosaccharides can be joined using dehydration synthesis, in which a hydrogen atom is removed
from the end of one molecule and a hydroxyl group (—OH) is removed from the other; the remaining
residues are then attached at the sites from which the atoms were removed. The H—OH or H2O is then
released as a molecule of water, hence the term dehydration. The new molecule, consisting of two
monosaccharides, is called a disaccharide and is conjoined together by a glycosidic or ether bond. The
reverse reaction can also occur, using a molecule of water to split up a disaccharide and break the
glycosidic bond; this is termed hydrolysis. The most well-known disaccharide is sucrose, ordinary sugar (in
scientific contexts, called table sugar or cane sugar to differentiate it from other sugars). Sucrose consists
of a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule joined together. Another important disaccharide is lactose,
Oligosaccharides and polysaccharides
INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN EXAMEN PARA LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LA LENGUA EXTRANJERA
When a few (around three to six) monosaccharides are joined, it is called an oligosaccharide (oligo- meaning "few"). These molecules tend to be used as markers and signals, as well as having some other
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uses. Many monosaccharides joined together make a polysaccharide. They can be joined together in one long linear chain, or they may be branched. Two of the most common polysaccharides are cellulose and glycogen, both consisting of repeating glucose monomers.
Cellulose is made by plants and is an important structural component of their cell walls. Humans can neither manufacture nor digest it.
Glycogen, on the other hand, is an animal carbohydrate; humans and other animals use it as a form of energy storage.
LipidsLipids are usually made from one molecule of glycerol combined with other molecules. In triglycerides, the main group of bulk lipids, there is one molecule of glycerol and three fatty acids. Fatty acids are considered the monomer in that case, and may be saturated (no double bonds in the carbon chain) or unsaturated (one or more double bonds in the carbon chain).
Lipids, especially phospholipids, are also used in various pharmaceutical products, either as co-solubilisers (e.g., in parenteral infusions) or else as drug carrier components (e.g., in a liposome or transfersome).
Proteins
Proteins are very large molecules – macro-biopolymers – made from monomers called amino acids. There are 20 standard amino acids, each containing a carboxyl group, anamino group, and a side-chain (known as an "R" group). The "R" group is what makes each amino acid different, and the properties of the side-chains greatly influence the overall three-dimensional conformation of a protein. When amino acids combine, they form a special bond called a peptide bond through dehydration synthesis, and become apolypeptide, or protein.
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acids are the molecules that make up DNA, an extremely important substance that all cellular organisms use to store their genetic information. The most common nucleic acids are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). Their monomers are called nucleotides. The most common nucleotides are adenine,cytosine, guanine, thymine, and uracil. Adenine binds with thymine and uracil; Thymine binds only with adenine; and cytosine and guanine can bind only with one another.
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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN EXAMEN PARA LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LA LENGUA EXTRANJERA
TEST QUESTIONNAIRE FOR BIOCHEMISTRY
INSTRUCTIONS: Choose the correct option that completes the sentence or answer the question given
1. Biochemistry studies the chemical processes of living organisms. It controls the information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through _____________.
a) Organisms b) Chemical process c) Metabolism
2. ______________ is the mechanism or the mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions.
a) Metabolism b) Carbohydrates c) Nucleic acids
3. What`s todays main focus of pure biochemistry?
a) It is in understanding the behavior of biological moleculesb) It`s the understanding of how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within
living cells.c) In the process of whole organisms
4. What does much of biochemistry deals with?, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life?
a) The structure of cells.b) Proteins and lipids.c) The structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules
5. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller ____________ and____________. They can be ________________or ________________.
a) Inorganic or organic /molecules and ions
b) Molecules and ions/ inorganic or organic.
c) Water and metal/molecules
6. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in ___________________________________.
a) Medicine. b) Agriculture c) medicine, nutrition, and agriculture
7. What is a correct definition for polymers, according to the article?
a) Large macromolecules that are created when monomers which are small micro molecules link together.b) Large monomers that are created when macromolecules linked togetherc) Biological molecules joined together to create monomers
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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN EXAMEN PARA LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LA LENGUA EXTRANJERA
8. What are the four main types of molecules in biochemistry?
a) Proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and lipids.b) Carbohydrates, monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides.c) Glucose, fructose, deoxy-ribose and sugars
9. They are large molecules made from monomers called amino acids which combine to form a special bond called peptide bond through dehydration synthesis and become apolypetide.
a) Nucleic acids b) Proteins c) Lipids
10. These are the molecules that have an extremely important substance that all cellular organisms use to store their genetic information the most commons are DNA and RNA.
a) Carbohydratesb) Nucleic acidsc) Proteins
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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN EXAMEN PARA LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LA LENGUA EXTRANJERA
BIOCHEMISTRY
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INSTITUTO TECNOLÓGICO SUPERIOR DE APATZINGÁN EXAMEN PARA LA ACREDITACIÓN DE LA LENGUA EXTRANJERA
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