Ingles III Participante

Este programa es de carácter público, no es patrocinado ni promovido por partido político alguno y sus recursos provienen de los impuestos que pagan los contribuyentes. Está prohibido el uso de este programa con fines políticos, electorales, de lucro y otros distintos a los establecidos. Quien haga uso indebido de los recursos de este programa deberá ser sanciona-do de acuerdo con la ley aplicable y ante la autoridad competente.

D.R.© Secretaría de Educación Pública, 2011Argentina 28, Colonia Centro,06020, México, D.F

El curso Las Competencias Comunicativas de la Lengua Inglesa, BASIC ENGLISH 3, fue elaborado por la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Acatlán de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, con la asesoría de la Dirección General de Formación Continua de Maestros en Servicio, de la Subsecretaría de Educación Básica de la Secretaría de Educación Pública.

SECRETARÍA DE EDUCACIÓN PÚBLICA

Mtro. Alonso Lujambio IrazábalSecretario de Educación Pública

Mtro. José Fernando González SánchezSubsecretario de Educación Básica

Lic. Leticia Gutiérrez CoronaDirectora General de Formación

Continua de Maestros en ServicioDra. Jessica Baños Poo

Directora de Desarrollo Académico

FACULTAD DE ESTUDIOS SUPERIORES ACATLÁN

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO

Dr. José Alejandro Salcedo AquinoDirector

Dr. Darío Rivera VargasSecretario General

Mtra. María Cristina Hernández MoralesCoordinadora del Centro de Enseñanza

de IdiomasLic. Erika Jiménez Baños

Jefa del Departamento de Inglés

Coordinación General Lic. Leticia Gutiérrez Corona Mtra. María Cristina Hernández Morales

Coordinación AcadémicaDra. Jessica Baños Poo

Lic. Ana Laura Villa Blanco

ColaboradoresProfa. Gilda Terán Ramírez

Lic. Eduardo Almeida Del CastilloLic. José de Jesús Galván Muñoz

Mtra. María del Rosario Hernández ColóMtra. E. Joy Holloway Creed

Revisión TécnicaMtra. E. Joy Holloway Creed

Colaboración en DiseñoMtra. Elvia Franco García

Lic. Ma. Cristina Borja Tavizón

Diseño de GráficoMaría Fernanda Escobar Limón

Oscar Villela VargasErick Medrano RamírezVoces de las Grabaciones

Mtra. María Cristina Hernández MoralesMtra. E. Joy Holloway Creed

Lic. Erika Jiménez BañosLic. Claudia Gutiérrez RedondoLic. Humberto Cárdenas Tarrasa

Lic. Luis Manuel Tapia Rivera

Lic. Erika Jiménez BañosMtra. Elvia Franco García

Lic. Ma. Cristina Borja TavizónAutores

Mtra. Elvia Franco GarcíaLic. Ma. Cristina Borja Tavizón

CONTENTS

SOCIAL PRACTICES AND COMMUNICATIVE AIMS PER UNIT

UNIT 1 WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO?

WHAT IT’S ABOUT (COMMUNICATIVE AIMS)WORK IT OUT

I. RIGHT OR WRONGII. MULTIPLE CHOICEIII. SENTENCE COMPLETIONIV. SHORT ANSWERSV. FILL IN THE BLANKSVI. DAYS AND MONTHSVII. SEASON DATES

TRY IT OUT I. PRONUNCIATIONII. DATES TO REMEMBERIII. FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER BULLETIN BOARDIV. CULTURAL CENTER BULLETIN BOARDV. COMING EVENTSVI. FILL IN THE BLANKSVII. SCHOOL DIRECTORYVIII.LANGUAGE ABBREVIATIONSIX. FREQUENCY

POLISH IT UPI. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACEII. PRONUNCIATION: CAN VS. CAN’TIII. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSIV. “WH” QUESTIONS OR INFORMATION QUESTIONSV. WORD ORDERVI. DATESVII. VERB FORMSVIII. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

9

91010111212131415161616

1718202021232426262829

3032333436

WRAP IT UP I. ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURESII. E-M@ILIII. LETTERIV. ALICE’S SCHEDULEV. CLOZEVI. MY SCHEDULEVII. OFFICIAL SCHOOL CALENDARVIII.ERROR IDENTIFICATION LANGUAGE REVIEW UNIT I VOCABULARY

UNIT 2 HOW WAS YOUR VACATION?


I. RIGHT OR WRONGII. MATCHINGIII. QUESTION WORDSIV. VERB TENSESV. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZVI. PREPOSITIONS AND CONNECTORS

TRY IT OUTI. PRONUNCIATIONII. FAMOUS PERSONAGESIII. INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITYIV. QUESTIONS IN PAST – YESTERDAYV. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESVI. WORD COMPLETIONVII. REDUCED FORMS

POLISH IT UPI. PAST TENSE (REGULAR VERBS)II. PAST TENSE (IRREGULAR VERBS)III. COMPARISONSIV. SUPERLATIVESV. WORD ORDERVI. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

WRAP IT UPI. WHO AM I?II. FIND SOMEONE WHOIII. DICTATIONIV. BIOGRAPHYV. A FAMOUS MEXICANVI. PAST VS. PRESENTVII. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSVIII.COMPARISONS

3939414245474849495152

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5354555556565760626264656767696971717275777879828282838385858687

IX. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERX. ERROR IDENTIFICATION LANGUAGE REVIEW UNIT 2 VOCABULARY

UNIT 3 WHAT DO YOU NEED?


I. RIGHT OR WRONGII. MULTIPLE CHOICEIII. MATCHINGIV. PAST OR PRESENTV. COMPLAINT (: OR COMPLIMENT :)VI. MATCHINGVII. COMBINATION WORDSVIII.VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

TRY IT OUTI. PRONUNCIATIONII. SOME / ANY (ORAL PRACTICE)III. DIALOGUE PRACTICEIV. AT THE MARKETV. DICTATIONVI. PARAGRAPH COMPLETIONVII. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSVIII.ORAL PRACTICE

POLISH IT UPI. SOME VS. ANYII. HOW MUCH?.III. PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSIV. WORD ORDERV. WORD FORMATIONVI. FAVORSVII. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

WRAP IT UPI. MEMORY GAMEII. HIDDEN WORDSIII. WORD ORDERIV. PICTURE STORYV. ERROR IDENTIFICATIONVI. CAMPING OUTVII. DICTATIONVIII.PLANNINGIX. ITOLIONI’S OR CHATO’S LANGUAGE REVIEW UNIT 3 VOCABULARY

88899091

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92949494959696979899102102102104107107108108110111112112114115116116118121121121122122125126127127129132133

EXTRA ACTIVITIES

UNIT 1I. HALLOWEEN IN THE UNITED STATES VS. THE DAY OF THE DEAD AND ALL SAINTS’ DAY IN MÉXICO

UNIT 2II. CHRISTMAS CELEBRATIONS ALL OVER THE WORLD

UNIT 3III. HOW DO YOU CELEBRATE YOUR BIRTHDAY?

APPENDICES ABC

APPENDIX AA1. ORDINAL NUMBERSA2. COUNT / NONCOUNT NOUNSA3. THERE IS / THERE AREA4. QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS: A LOT OF / MANY/ MUCHA5. COMPARISONSA6. SUPERLATIVESA7. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS

APPENDIX BB1. REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSEB2. IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSEB3. MODAL AUXILIARIESB4. USES OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (BE + VERB + -ING)B5. FUTURE

APPENDIX C PRONUNCIATIONC1. THE ALPHABETC2. PRONUNCIATIONC3. PRONUNCIATION CHART

TAPESCRIPTS

140

140140140141

142143144144

134

134

136

138

145145147150151

152

153153153153

154

SOCIAL PRACTICES AND COMMUNICATIVE AIMS PER UNIT


SOCIAL PRACTICES COMMUNICATIVE AIMS

• Establish and maintain social contacts. • Talk, ask about, and make arrangements to do something.

• Exchange personal information. • Talk and ask about holidays, customs and dates in general.

• Understand and give information in past situations. • Ask and answer “yes/no” questions about the past.• Exchange personal information. • Talk about things you can or can’t do.

• Talk about things you have to do.


SOCIAL PRACTICES COMMUNICATIVE AIMS• Exchange personal information. • Ask and talk about your past.• Exchange non-personal information. • Make comparisons and use superlatives .

• Talk about similarities and differences using the present and the past tenses.


SOCIAL PRACTICES COMMUNICATIVE AIMS

• Exchange personal information. • Ask for and give or offer services.• Exchange non-personal information. • Complain about service.• Establish and maintain social contacts. • Apologize.• Understand and give information in past situations. • Ask and talk about past events.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

9


WHAT IT’S ABOUT (COMMUNICATIVE AIMS)• Talk,askabout,andmakearrangementstodosomething.• Talkandaskaboutholidays,customsanddatesingeneral.• Askandanswer“yes/no”questionsaboutthepast.• Talkaboutthingsyoucanorcan’tdo.• Talkaboutthingsyouhavetodo.

1.1 Listen and read

It’s Monday, October 31st Juan and Alice are talking at the Language Center.

You’re new here, aren’t you, Alice?Yeah. This is my first semester at the Language Center. I come from the USA.Do you study Spanish? Yes, I do. I want to be a Spanish teacher. How about you, Juan? I am an elementary school teacher, and I study English and French, too. I like languages very much.Me too. I am in my 3rd semester of Spanish.Professor Garrido is your teacher, isn’t he?Yes, he is. I’m kind of worried about that. Do you know him?Yes, I do! He is terrific. He was my Spanish Literature teacher.Isn’t he very strict?Well yes, he is strict, but he is an excellent teacher. Let’s sit down and talk about his class.I can’t right now because I have a class, but we can get together tomorrow.Tomorrow’s November 1st; it’s a holiday. What do you celebrate?We celebrate the Day of the Dead. It’s an important Mexican tradition.Day of the Dead? You mean like Halloween?

Juan:Alice:

Juan:Alice:

Juan:

Alice:Juan:Alice:

Juan:

Alice:Juan:

Alice:

Juan:Alice:Juan:

Alice:

BASIC ENGLISH 3

10

Not exactly. Would you like to go to Mixquic and see the traditional celebration?That sounds interesting!Let’s meet here tomorrow afternoon, and I can tell you about Professor Garrido’s course on the way there.OK. Is 4 o’clock all right?Sure. Here’s my cell number, in case you can’t get here on time: 044 55 5553-2189. Oh… don’t forget to bring a sweater; it´s cold there in the fall.Don’t worry. I’ll be on time. See you tomorrow at 4 o’clock. Okay, bye!

Juan:Alice:Juan:

Alice:Juan:

Alice:Juan:

WORK IT OUT

I. RIGHT OR WRONGA. After listening and reading the conversation, decide if the statements are RIGHT OR WRONG. Mark with an X.

RIGHT WRONG

1. Alice isn’t from Mexico. ______ ______

2. Juan is from the States. ______ ______

3. Juan teaches languages. ______ ______

4. Alice is a teacher. ______ ______

5. Professor Garrido was Juan’s teacher, too. ______ ______

6. Professor Garrido is really bad. ______ ______

7. Alice invites Juan to celebrate Halloween. ______ ______

8. The celebration is probably in the evening. ______ ______

9. In Mexico, it’s warm at night in the fall. ______ ______

10. Halloween is the same as the Day of the Dead. ______ ______

B. Now, practice the same conversation with a partner.

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II. MULTIPLE CHOICEA. Choose the correct answer to complete the conversation.

Alice and Nancy are at the Language Center on Thursday, November 3rd. They are talking about their holiday impressions.

Nancy: 1.Alice:

Nancy: 2.Alice:

Did you have a nice holiday?a) Oh, yes. It was great.b) It was in Mexico.c) Yes, it was.

Did you go to Mixquic with Juan?a) No, he didn’t. He was sick.b) Yes. I did. It was a really interesting experience.c) It was fantastic!.

Is the Day of the Dead the same as Halloween in the States?a) Yes, it was really interesting.b) No, they aren’t. They went to a party instead.c) Not really. There were no costumes or “trick or treating”.

Do you like Halloween?a) Yes, I do. Especially costume parties and pumpkin! b) That sounds interesting. Maybe I can go next year.c) I didn’t like it. It was a terrible movie. Oh…today is Thursday, isn’t it? I have a class at 11.

Me too. By the way, do we have to enroll for next semester after Christmas vacation?a) No, I can’t. I have to go to the dentist.b) No, we don’t. I think December 10th is the enrollment.c) No, I don’t. I can check it on the Internet.

Oh…isn’t December 10th the date the OFUNAM performs at the Language Center?a) You’re all right,b) You’re fine,c) Yes, it is, … but the concert is at 8 p.m., after we enroll. We have to buy our tickets soon, don’t we?

Yeah, let’s buy them next week. And let’s invite Juan!Sure, that’s a great idea!.

Nancy: 3.Alice:

Nancy: 4.Alice:

Nancy: 5.Alice:

Nancy: 6.Alice:

Nancy: Alice:

B. 1.2 Listen and check your answers.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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III. SENTENCE COMPLETIONUse the words in the box to complete the sentences.

on November 1st at 8:00 on Tuesday in December in the fall at 11:00

1. People in Mexico celebrate the Day of the Dead .

2. The weather in Mexico City is cool .

3. Juan and Alice were in Mixquic .

4. Nancy and Alice have a class .

5. The OFUNAM performs at the Language Center .

6. The concert starts .

NOTE:Remember how to use the prepositions IN – ON – AT to talk about time, seasons, days and dates:

IN ON AT April / June the summer / spring / 2010

Monday / Thursday June 24th

8 o’clock midnight / noon

IV. SHORT ANSWERSMatch columns A and B.

A B

1. Can you speak French? ____ a) I do too.

2. I love Shakespeare. ____ b) No, he isn’t. He’s a lawyer.

3. Can you meet me tomorrow? ____ c) Yes, I did.

4. Let´s have something to eat. ____ d) Yes, I usually do.

5. Does she have a car? ____ e) No, they don’t.

6. Did you teach English last semester? ____ f) No, I can’t. I have a class.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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A B

7. Is he an architect? ____ g) Yes, I am. I’m from Detroit.

8. Do you always read the newspaper? ____ h) Yes, I can.

9. Do they live in an apartment? ____ i) Sure, I’m hungry.

10. You’re American, aren’t you? ____ j) No, she doesn’t.

V. FILL IN THE BLANKS

Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks with a short answer.

you he (2) she (2) it (2) they (2) there are doesn´t are wasn’t weren’t do does did can is

1. Does Alice study English? Yes,

2. Are Juan and Alice friends? Yes,

3. Did Juan study Spanish Literature? Yes,

4. Was Professor Garrido’s class boring? No,

5. Does Alice have to enroll for next semester in January? No,

6. Is the weather cool in Mexico in the fall? Yes,

7. Do Nancy and Alice have a class at 11:00? Yes,

8. Were there jack-o-lanterns in Mixquic? No,

9. Can Juan use a computer? Yes,

10. Am I correct? Yes,

RHYME

Fridaynight’sdream,OntheSaturdaytold,Issuretocometrue.Beitneversoold.

1.3 Listen

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VI. DAYS AND MONTHSA. Match the abbreviations with the correct day or month.

1. Tues. ____ a) Sunday

2. Wed. ____ b) Saturday

3. Thurs. ____ c) Tuesday

4. Sun. ____ d) Wednesday

5. Sat. ____ e) Monday

6. Mon. ____ f) Thursday

7. Fri. ____g) Friday

8. Feb. ____ h) January

9. Apr. ____ i) March

10. Jan. ____ j) October

11. Dec. ____ k) February

12. July* ____ l) November

13. June* ____m) September

14. Nov. ____ n) April

15. Mar. ____ o) June

16. Sept. ____ p) July

17. Aug. ____ q) December

NOTE:• Remember to write the days of the week and the months of the year with capital letters.• *May, June and July are not usually abbreviated.• In contrast, seasons are never written with capital letters.

B. Now, write the days of the week and the months of the year in the correct order.

Days of the week

Months of the year

DAYS

MONTHS

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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VII. SEASONSFill in the blanks with the month that corresponds to the season.

Spring begins on ________________ 21st, and ends on ____________________ 20th.Summer begins on ______________ 21st, and ends on ____________________ 20th.Autumn (fall) begins on ___________ 21st, and ends on ____________________ 20th.Winter begins on ________________ 21st, and ends on ____________________ 20th.

NOTE:

Remember that the order of numbers in dates in English is different.For example: 5 / 1 / 11 means May 1st, 2011Also, when saying the dates orally, you must use ordinal numbers.

PROVERB

RHYME

A friend in need is a friend indeed.

EverytimeBettyhadaproblem,Sophiewasalways

byherside.That’swhensheunderstoodthat

“afriendinneedisafriendindeed”.

Shoealittlehorse,Shoealittlemare,Butletthelittlecolt,Gobare,bare,bare.

1.4 Listen

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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TRY IT OUT

I. PRONUNCIATION

Remember that in English there are two general categories of words: content words and function words. In spoken English, content words are stressed and function words are often reduced.

Listen to the following sentences and repeat them. Underline the content words.

1. Let’s go to the library with him after lunch.

2. Do you want to have lunch with us after class?

3. Can you pick us up at the bookstore tomorrow?

4. Juan can’t photocopy the papers because he has to go to his Japanese class.

5. You’re an English teacher, aren’t you?

6. Mary is about to have a breakdown because she has an exam today.

7. I’m excited because I am going to travel to Canada in the winter.

8. Please, don’t answer your phone in my class.

9. We will hand in the final paper on Thursday.

10. Did you attend the lecture last week?

1.5 Listen

II. DATES TO REMEMBERWith a partner, ask and answer questions about holidays, birthdays and other important events. Follow the example.

Ask and answer some other questions.

When’s Christmas Day? It’s on

When’s Independence Day? It’s on

When’s your favorite cousin’s birthday? It’s on

When’s your final exam? It`s in / on

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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THINKCan you complete the sentences with “in” or “on”?

April’s Fool is _____ April. It’s _____ April 1st. It’s _____ the spring. In Mexico, it’s celebrated ______ December 28th.

III. FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER BULLETIN BOARD

Ask and answer questions about the information on the bulletin board with one or two other students.

Library hoursOpen: 9 am - 8 pm

Closed: Sundays & holidays

Don’t missCARMEN OPERA

Coming soon to the FLCin Three Acts1 night only

November 8th, 7:30 p.m.Buy tickets in advance.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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Follow the examples.

When is (Carmen,the food fest)? on November 8th.Where can you (get a pen, print your papers)? It’s in December.What time is (the bookstore, the library) open? at 2 p.m.

Every single day.Every Friday.From 3 p.m .to 6 p.m.In room 1009.IV. CULTURAL CENTER BULLETIN BOARD

Look at this bulletin board with a partner. Make arrangements to do something together. Accept and / or refuse the invitation.

Jazz concert

Mon. November 29th

6 p.m.

Free admission

Musical “Beauty and the Beast”

Cultural CenterJanuary 8th, 15th, 22nd, 29th8:30 p.m.Admission $100 (teachers and students)$200 (public)

Environmental Movie Festival1 week of movies for nature loversFebruary 6th to 10th1 to 3 p.m.

Photograph exhibition

“Landscapes of the world”

Silvestre Revueltas Show RoomDec. 2010 to March 20119 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Classic Ballet performing

“Romeo and Juliet”

By Piotr I. Tchaikovsky

Friday 8 p.m.

Main Auditorium

Tickets $200

Piñata Making Workshop

Cultural CenterDecember Fridays: 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.Ask for necessary material.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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A. Accept an invitation.

Student 1:

Would you like to Do you want to listen to a Jazz concert on November 29th?Can you

Let’s go to a Jazz concert on November 29th.

Student 2: Of course! Sure. It sounds great! Okay.

B. Refuse an invitation.

Student 1:

Why don’t weShall we attend the photograph exhibition?What if we

Let’s go to the photograph exhibition

Student 2:

Oh, gee! I (just) can’t, study for an exam.I’m (terribly) sorry, but I have to attend the photograph exhibition.

help Alice with her homework.

What if we study for the exam instead?

NOTE:

Sentences with “Let’s” are not questions. They are suggestions.

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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V. COMING EVENTSListen to the announcements about the coming events at school. Complete the chart and compare your answers with a partner.

EVENT OR ACTIVITY PLACE DAY / TIME COST

1.

2.

3.

VI. FILL IN THE BLANKS A. Listen to the text and fill in the blank spaces with the word or words you hear.

Mixquic: the Day of the Dead and All Saints’ Day in Mexico

1.6 Listen

In Mexico on the first two days of November, the dead are remembered in (1)___________special celebration which is one (2)_____________most hallowed traditions (3)_____________ Mexican culture.

(4) _____________, a series of unique events are held in several (5)_______________ of the country to commemorate (6)______________ members who have passed away. In the area of Tlahuac, (7)_____________ instance, the little town of Mixquic holds (8)____________most outstanding and emotional celebrations on the (9)_________________ Dead. Preparation for the festivity (10)____________towards the end of October, (11)____________ the relatives of the dead work on the (11)_____________offerings they will give to the souls (13)___________ departed. By the first of November, the altars at the former (14)____________ of the dead will display images of patron saints, photographs of (15)___________ in the family who are dead, flowers,

BASIC ENGLISH 3

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1.7 Listen

fruits, ‘’pan de muerto’’ ( (16) ____________ for the dead), sugar skulls, and the (17)____________ foods of the beloved relatives who are now gone. A candle is lit (18) ____________ soul. Then, as the tradition teaches, (19)______________ sun passes through the zenith, all the souls return (20)__________ and to their old homes, to which (21)______________ guided by the (22)______________ of their favorite dishes. To make their brief (23)_______________ even more pleasant, the souls of (24)_____________ are offered toys, while for the elderly (25)______________ ‘’pulque’’ or ‘’aguardiente’’.

Taken and adapted from: http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/2826-mixquic-the-day-of-the-dead-and-the-day-of-all-saints-in-mexico. Use this link to get more information.

VII. SCHOOL DIRECTORYLook at the following directory to be able to do the exercise below.

R O O M

Library 104Cafeteria 106Student Lounge 207Auditorium 201

O F F I C E S

Director’s Office 300Business Office 301Student Office 302Admissions Office 305Language Laboratory 304

C L A S S R O O M S

English I 303English II 306English III 309English IV 307

Resource Center 308

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A. Short answers to “yes-no” questions.

With a partner, make up “yes-no” questions and answer with short answers. Refer to the Directory above.

B. According to the school directory information, answer the questions below.

C. Short dialogs

With a partner and using the directory, make short dialogs. Use ordinal numbers “first, second and third”.

Example:

a) Is room 304 the Admissions Office? b) No, it isn’t.

a) Is room 306 an English classroom? b) Yes, it is.

Example:

a) What’s room 305? b) It’s the Admissions Office.

a) What’s room 303? b) It’s an English classroom. It’s the English classroom.

Example:

a) Where’s the library? b) It’s on the first floor.

1. What’s room 201? __________________________________ 2. What’s room 307? __________________________________ 3. What’s room 304? __________________________________ 4. What’s room 309? __________________________________ 5. What’s room 308? __________________________________

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VIII. LANGUAGE ABBREVIATIONSWhen people text or e-mail, they frequently use abbreviations. Work with a partner to find out the missing information. Student A looks at Part 1; student B looks at Part 2. Remember to spell the letters of the abbreviations.

Ask and answer questions like these:

a) What does AFAIK mean? b) It means as far as I know.orb) What is ASAP?a) It is as soon as possible.

Student A1. AFAIK __________________________________ ASAP As soon as possible

2. BBL __________________________________ BRB Be right back

3. BTW __________________________________ DIY Do it yourself

4. FYI __________________________________ IDK I don’t know

5. IMO __________________________________ NIM Not in the mood

6. NP __________________________________ OMG Oh, my God

Student B

1. ASAP __________________________________ AFAIK As far as I know

2. BRB __________________________________ BBL Be back later

3. DIY __________________________________ BTW By the way

4. IDK __________________________________ FYI For your information

5. NIM __________________________________ IMO In my opinion

6. OMG __________________________________ NP No problem

0%

10%

50%

80%

100%

NEVER

HARDLY EVER

SOMETIMES

USUALLY

ALWAYS

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PROVERB

RHYME

Marry in haste, repent at leisure.

Mymothertoldmetothinkaboutgettingmarriedbeforeacceptingthe

ring.Shesaid,“Marryinhaste,repentatleisure!”

Ising,Ising,Frommorntillnight;FromcaresI’mfree,Andmyheartislight.

Donkey,donkey,oldandgray,Openyourmouthandgentlybray;Liftyourearsandblowyourhorn,Towaketheworldthissleepymorn.

1.8 Listen

IX. FREQUENCY

A. Fill in the chart writing down the frequency you do these household chores. At the bottom of the chart, add four more common household activities.

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NOTE:

Remember that the frequency adverbs go before most verbs; but they always go after the verb “to be”.

Example: a) How often do you cook? b) I never cook. I am always too busy.

YOU PARTNER RICARDO IRMACook Clean upGo shoppingWash the clothesWash the carDo the dishesIron the clothesWork in the gardenTake out the garbageWatch TV

B. When you finish, interview a partner about his / her activities and write down their answers on the chart. Look at the example:

a) How often do you cook? b) Never, but I always clean up.

C. Now, listen and fill in the chart for Ricardo and his wife Irma.

D. Finally, with a partner and using the previous information about Ricardo and Irma, ask and answer questions about them. Follow the examples.

(About Irma)a) How often does she cook?b) She always prepares dinner.

(About Ricardo)a) How often does he go shopping?b) He never goes shopping.

1.9 Listen

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POLISH IT UP

I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACERemember that the prepositions in, on and at can be used to indicate time or place.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME

in

Times of the day: in the morning, in the afternoon and in the evening. Months: May, June, July, etc.Years: 1999, 2007, 2011, etc.Seasons: the spring/spring, the summer/summer, etc.Centuries: the 21st century, the 18th century, etc.A period of time: in my life, in my schooldays, etc.A state or condition: I’m in love.With the word “time”: in time.

on

Weekdays: Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, on Saturday morning, etc.Dates: November 4th, May 15th, etc.Specific dates: Christmas, Thanksgiving Day, etc.Specific expressions: on vacation, on holidays, on the weekend/weekends, etc.With the word “time”: on time.

at Hour: at six o´clock, at half past seven, etc.Specific expressions: at night, at noon, at dawn, at midday, at lunchtime, and at midnight.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

in Enclosed space or places like rooms, buildings, towns, countries, continents: in the kitchen, in Paris, in America, etc.

on Streets and avenues: on Dickson St., on Central Ave., on Plymouth St., etc. Surfaces or levels: on the ocean, on the table, on the third floor, etc.

at

To mean next to or by an object: at the door. Addresses: at 55 Charles St.Places in a city/town. We can mean inside or outside a place: at the movies, at the bank, at the mall, etc.Specific expressions as: at home, at school and at work.

NOTE:

As you noticed, in English, the prepositions on, in, and at can be used to talk about time or places. In Spanish, most of the time we use the preposition “en”. So, remember to use the proper English prepositions in each case.

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A. Fill in the blanks writing the correct number to complete the expressions.

1. in 2. on3. at

_____the afternoon _____night_____the morning_____Monday night_____vacation_____weekends _____5:30_____the stadium_____Mexicali_____lunchtime_____The United States_____work_____my birthday_____the first floor_____Germany

1.

2.

B. Complete the paragraphs using the prepositions in, on or at.

Suzy lives _____ a small town near Mexico city. She goes to work every day and she wakes up _____ 7:30 a.m. _____ the morning, she has breakfast and watches the morning news. Suzy and her boyfriend usually meet _____ the mall to eat out. Carlos lives _____ the fifth floor of a huge apartment near downtown. He works _____ a big office where he designs video games.

Joseph lives _____ Fayetteville, a small town _____ Arkansas. He and his family like relaxing _____ Sunday afternoon after going to the mass. Lindsey is Joseph’s wife, and she loves being _____ the kitchen baking cakes. His daughters are always playing _____ their room. They are a wonderful American family.

C. Listen and check the answers you gave.

1.10 Listen

D. Complete the sentences using in, on or at in the space provided.

1. Alice’s family lives ________ Texas.2. Juan lives ________ University Ave.3. Nancy lives _______ 345 Central Ave.4. Alice’s birthday is ________ December 20th.5. Nancy was born ________ 1991.6. Juan has a class ________7 a.m.7. They have English classes ________ the new school.8. The U2 concert is ________ October.9. My favorite holiday is ________ the summer.10. How cold is Paris ________ winter?

With a classmate, talk about all the things you usually do in each month of the year.Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

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II. PRONUNCIATION: CAN VS. CAN’T

In spoken English, the sound /a/ in can is very short (unstressed);in contrast, the same sound /a/ in can’t is very long (stressed), and the final –t is not pronounced. So, to distinguish the difference between can or can’t in spoken English, we have to hear how the

vowel sound is pronounced.

A. Put a check mark (4) on the left of the sentence you hear.

o I can go to the concert. o I can’t go to the concert.

o She can speak Italian. o She can’t speak Italian.

o Can you play chess? o Can’t you play chess?

o We can buy the books at the library. o We can’t buy the books at the library.

1.11 Listen

1.12 Listen

B. Listen to the following sentences and decide if they are positive or negative by writing a check mark (4) in the space provided.

NUMBER AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

1.2.3.4.5.

NUMBER AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

6.7.8.9.

10.

C. Complete the sentences with can or can’t. Use the information about your own life.

I __________________ play basketball very well. I ___________________ play chess.

I __________________ cook a meal for ten people. I ___________________ swim.

I __________________ speak Japanese quite well. I ___________________ fix computers.

I __________________ play the keyboard. I ___________________ program in my computer.

I __________________ climb a tree. I ___________________ juggle.

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D.

E. Use an appropriate form of can (affirmative, negative, or question) followed by a verb from the box.

remember / close / speak / borrow / smoke / go / come / talk / understand /

1. I ________ only _____________ a little English.2. ________ I _____________ your car this afternoon?3. ________ you _____________ to my party next Saturday night?4. I ________ _____________ your name. I’m sorry.5. You _______ ____________ in class if there is a “no smoking” rule.6. She doesn’t have a lot of money, so she________ _____________ to Las Vegas this year.7. ________ you _____________ the window? It’s awfully cold in here.8. Mute people can see, but they ________ _____________.9. Lady Gaga ________ _____________ very well. She has a beautiful voice.10. ______ you ______________ the teacher? She speaks too quickly for me.

III. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Complete the sentences or questions using simple present or simple past with the correct form of the verbs given.

1. She ________ (go) to the movies every Friday.2. I ____________ (not go) to the party because I was really sick. 3. I ____________ (not watch) TV. I prefer reading a good book.4. What ________ you ________ (do) in the evenings?5. Thomas and Kathy __________ (not do) their homework. They are kind of lazy.6. Leslie ________ (be) always at home after 6 p.m. Call her up!7. The party ________ (be) extremely boring yesterday. Nobody arrived early and I got bored.8. ________ you ________ (know) how to fix a computer, because I need help.

9. We ________ (have) to study for the exam, but I didn’t.10. Many people ____________ (not like) to go to work by car.11. Mark and Jane ____________ (not be) at the party because they weren’t invited. 12. ________ (be) he sick yesterday? 13. ________ you ________ (play) soccer with my brother two days ago?14. ________ she ________ (cook) everyday?15. ________ your granny ________ (take) care of you while your parents work?

Go around the classroom and ask your classmates questionswith can. Use the samples given in the previous exercise.

Example: a) Can you play basketball? b) Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.

Keep a record of the number of classmates that answer with can,and the ones that answer withcan’t.

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IV. “WH” QUESTIONS OR INFORMATION QUESTIONS

Remember that this kind of questions is the one made with words like:

when (time / date), how (manner), who (person), where (place), which (when you choose or talk about one person or thing among others), how often (frequency), how long (duration), what (information about a specific thing), what time (minute, hour), etc.

• The way you can order the words in a “WH” question is as follows:

Where is your house? The verb “to be” is used as the main verb.

What do you like? If the verb “to be” is not used, then we needWhat does she like? the auxiliary do or does.

NOTE

Notice the following: If you ask a question that needs a “yes or no” answer, you don’t use a question word (“WH”).

Is this your house? Yes, it is. Do you live in this house? Yes, I do.

But, when you use a “Wh” question, you will get information, and not just a yes / no answer.

Where do you live? I live in Durango. Which one is your house? It’s the red one.

A. Make logical questions or answers according to the information provided.

Example: Where do they live? They live in Switzerland. Where do they live? They live in Switzerland.

QUESTIONS:

1._______________________________________? I usually wake up at 7 o’clock in the morning.2._______________________________________? Mike always goes to Cuernavaca on weekends.3._______________________________________? Ed’s birthday is on November 4th.4. _______________________________________? They work at the Anglo teaching English.5: _______________________________________? The play starts at 8 p.m.

ANSWERS:

6: What does Luis do? _____________________________________ 7: When is your graduation party? I want to go! _____________________________________8. How often do you work out? _____________________________________9: Where does Lorena live? _____________________________________ 10. What is your mother like? _____________________________________

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You can use: Where do you live? Where did you study? Where do you work? How often do you go to parties?

• Use more questions and have a nice and interesting conversation.

Example:a) How often do you go to the movies?b) I go to the movies every weekend. a) Really? And what kind of movies do you like? Etc.

B. With a classmate, ask and answer questions about your everyday life.

PROVERB

If the shoe fits, wear it.

John:Nobodylikespeoplewhohavebadtablemanners.Peter:Areyoutalkingaboutme?John:No!But,iftheshoefits,wearit.

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V. WORD ORDER

Put the words in the correct order to form sentences or questions.

1. do / watch / how / you / T.V. / often /? _________________________________________________________________ 2. a / can / father / drive / car / your/ ? _________________________________________________________________ 3. to / do/ want / go / Acapulco / you / to / ? _________________________________________________________________ 4. have / study / we / the / to / for / exam / history /. _________________________________________________________________ 5. when / you / did / to / the / last / go / United States / ? _________________________________________________________________ 6. George / plan / I / to / meet / at / the / cafeteria /. _________________________________________________________________ 7. Dr. Almeida / an / teacher / was / excellent /. _________________________________________________________________ 8. Mary / to / does / have / for / enroll / class / aerobics / her / ? _________________________________________________________________ 9. hardly / she / night / watches / at / ever / T.V. __________________________________________________________________ 10. work / when / go / she / does / to / ? __________________________________________________________________

RHYME

Twelvepairshanginghigh,Twelveknightsridingby,Eachknighttookapear,Andyetleftadozenthere.

1.13 Listen

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VI. DATES SEE A – 1

A. With a partner practice saying these dates, then write them out in the spaces provided.

06 / 13 / 1983 =

10 / 05 / 1970 =

04 / 16 / 2005 =

12 / 08 / 1740 =

03 / 03 / 1500 =

10 / 09 / 1978 =

10 / 12 / 1535 =

11 / 04 / 1978 =

06 / 27 / 1980 =

07 / 04 / 1785 =

12 / 19 / 1971=

B. Write the correct date of these important celebrations. Look at the example given.

When is your mother’s birthday?

When is Teacher’s Day?

When is Mother’s Day?

When is Saint Valentine’s Day?

When is Christmas?

When is Children’s Day?

When do we celebrate Labor Day?

When do Mexicans celebrate the Day of the Dead?

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VII. VERB FORMSA. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb. This is a conversation between Juan and Nancy taking place in a café. Remember to use do, does or did to form questions or negatives.

Juan: Hi, Nancy! _________ you _________ (go) to Michoacán with Pedro and Sara for the Day of the Dead?

Nancy: No, I _________. I _________ _________ (not feel) well on Monday night, so, I_________ (not go) with them.

Juan: I’m sorry you ________ (not go). Michoacán _________ (be) a beautiful place to visit. My family _________ (live) in Morelia.

Nancy: Really? Well, maybe I can _________ (go) next year. _________ you and Alice __________ (have) a nice time in Mixquic?

Juan: Oh, yeah. It _________ (be) a really interesting experience for both of us. _________ you _________ (watch) the celebration on TV at home?

Nancy: No, I never _________ (watch) TV because I _________ (not have) one.

Juan: What _________ you _________ (do) in your free time?

Nancy: Well, I like __________ (play) tennis and sometimes I __________ (play) the guitar with friends.

Juan: Sara _________ (play) the guitar, _________ (tag question) she?

Nancy: Yes, but she _________ (live) on the other side of the city. It _________ (be)difficult for us to get together.

Juan: _________ Sara _________ (have) a car?

Nancy: No, and I don’t either. I usually _________ (take) the bus or the subwayand she _________ (affirmative), too.

Juan: By the way, _________ you _________ (buy) your tickets for theMadonna concert in January at Metropolitan Theater?

Nancy: No, but we can _________ (get) them this week if Alice’s parents _________ (send) her some money.

Juan: Yeah. She has _________ (pay) tuition, board and room, too!

Nancy: That _________ (be) right, but the concert tickets are more important. First things first JUAN!

B. Now, practice the previous conversation with a classmate.

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PROVERB

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

No man is an island.

Idon’tthinkyouknowenoughaboutmoneyinvestment,andalittleknowledge

canbeadangerousthing.Beforeinvestingyourmoney,itwouldbea

goodideatogetsomeadvice.

Youneedtogoout,makefriendsandforgetyourproblems.Remember,“Nomanisanisland.”

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VIII. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

A. Read the following text:

“SCHOOL, COLLEGE AND UNIVERSITY”

(1) In the United States, the word “school” describes any place where people learn. You can call a college a “school”. You can even call a university a “school”. You can use the word “school” for any English language institute, graduate program, or secondary (“high”) school.

(2) College or university follows after high school, or secondary school. A college in the U.S.A. is not a high school. College and university programs begin in the thirteenth year of school, when a student is 17 or 18 years old or older.

(3) A two-year or “junior” college offers an Associate Degree. A four-year college or university offers a Bachelor’s Degree. Programs that offer these degrees are called “undergraduate” programs or “undergraduate” schools.

(4) A “university” is a group of schools for studies after high school. At least one of these schools is a college where students receive a Bachelor’s Degree.The other schools in a university are “graduate” (also known as “postgraduate”); schools where students receive advanced degrees. Therefore, a university offers both the

Bachelor’s Degree and graduate degrees such as Master’s (M.A.) and Ph.D. (doctorate). A university usually offers graduate programs both in professional fields such asengineering and in academic subjects such as English literature.

(5) You can earn a Bachelor’s Degree at either a college or a university. However, students in the U.S.A. prefer to use the word “college” rather than the word “university” when they talk about the four-year undergraduate program and the Bachelor’s Degree. They say “going to college” and “a college degree” when they talk about undergraduate programs at either a college or a university.

(6) Most “colleges” are separate schools. They are not located in a university. Some colleges are part of a university and are located on the university campus (the “campus” is the school buildings and surrounding area). A few colleges offer graduate programs in selected subjects. Usually, however, it is universities that offer graduate programs. So, Americans use the word “university” and not “college” when they talk about graduate study.

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A. Which paragraph gives you information about the following topics?

TOPIC NUMBER OF PARAGRAPH

BA degree = college degree = undergraduate degree

Universities and graduate schools

Junior colleges and undergraduate schools

College versus high school

Definition of “school”

Definition of “campus”

B. Can you describe the following concepts using your own words?

SCHOOL DESCRIPTION

Junior college

College

University

BA degree

MA degree

Ph.D.

Campus

C. Decide if the following statements are true or false.

The BA program usually takes two years to finish. T F

An elementary school can be called a college. T F

A college degree is the same as an undergraduate degree. T F

Students begin college when they are 17 or 18. T F

A college doesn’t usually give graduate degrees. T F

Universities can give Bachelor’s degrees, Master’s degrees and Doctorates. T F

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D. What can you do well?

There are a lot of things that you can do well. You know these thingsso well that you can teach them to other people. Tell a classmate allthe things you do well, and ask about the things he / she can do well.Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

PROVERB

RHYME

Asmartmoveistogiveflowerstoyourgirlfriend’smother,because,hewhowouldthedaughterwin,mustwiththemother

begin!

“Hewhowouldthedaughterwin,mustwiththemotherfirstbegin!”

Blow,wind,blow!Andgo,millgo!Thatthemillermaygrindhiscorn;

Thatthebakermaytakeit,Andintobreadmakeit,

Andbringusaloafinthemorn.

1.14 Listen

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WRAP IT UP

I. ACTIVITIES AND PROCEDURES

A. Match the activity on the left with the procedure on the right.

ACTIVITY LETTER PROCEDURE

1. Taking a test

____

a) First, follow the same steps for sending an e-mail. Then, before clicking the “send” button, click on the “attach files” button. This will show the files you have in the word processor; choose and click the one you need to send and the “attach” button. The file will appear already attached. Finally, click on the “send” button.

2. Checking out a book from the library ____

b) First, pick up your pencil. Then, follow the instructions and fill out the form. After you finish, hand in the form.

3. Writing an e-m@il____

c) First, pick out a book. Next, take it to the person at the desk and show your I.D. Two weeks later, return the book.

4. Filling out a form

____

d) First go into your account; write your user’s name and password. Then, check your mail by clicking the inbox section. Once you do this, click on “New”, which is where you can compose a new message. Insert the address and the subject of the message. Once you write the message you can click on “send”.

5. Writing a letter

____

e) First, write the date on the top right hand corner. Then, on the left, write “Dear” and the name of the person you are writing to, and below that write the message. At the end, sign your name.

6. Browsing the Web

____

f) First, write your name, the date and your group number at the top of the paper. Then, look at the exam and follow the instructions. When you finish, hand in your exam.

7. Sending an attachment file via e-mail

____

g) First, google information by clicking in the site. Then, write the information you want in the space given and click on “Google search”. This usually gives you at least 300,000 results. You can use any language you want.

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___ Add two cups of rice.

___ Cover the pan.

___ Boil 4 cups of water in a

saucepan.

___ Simmer the rice gently for

20 minutes or until the

water has been absorbed

and the rice is cooked.

___ Boil rice quickly for 2

minutes.

___ Melt a tablespoon of

margarine in a frying pan.

___ Stir the egg mixture until it’s

cooked and then, serve.

___ Break 2 eggs in a bowl and

mix them with salt, pepper

and a little milk.

___ Pour the egg mixture into

the frying pan.

B. Arrange the procedures for the activities mentioned in the correct order.

How to cook rice

How to makescrambled eggs

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C. Now, write a paragraph for each recipe, using the time sequence words: first, next, then, after that and finally.

HOW TO COOK RICE HOW TO MAKE SCRAMBLED EGGS

II. E-M@ILA.

Let’s have a conversation!With a classmate, ask and answer the following questions:

Do you use the Internet?How often do you write e-mails?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Net (Internet)?Do you have a Social Net account?

B. Read the E-mail Alice sent to her parents; then, complete the sentences below.

Dear Mom and Dad,

I have no time, but I urgently need money. My tuition, room and board are $500. Could you please send it before New Year’s Eve?I’ll send a letter soon.

Alice

[email protected], [email protected]

Hi!!!

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1. “I urgently need money” means: a) Alice doesn’t need money. b) Alice’s parents need money. c) Alice needs money immediately.

3. “before New Year’s Eve” means:a) on December 30thb) on January 1stc) on December 31st

2. “My tuition, room and board are $500” means:a) Alice needs $500 to pay for her school and accommodations. b) Alice wants to buy a blackboard for her room. c) The university tuition is $500 per semester.

4. “I’ll send a letter soon” means:a) Alice plans to write a letter to her parents soon. b) Alice wants her parents to write. c) Alice’s parents have to send a letter with the money.

III. LETTERA. Complete Alice’s letter to her parents with one of the alternatives given below.

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1)a) like to read the newspaperb) was really busy last weekc) always get up at 6 o’clock

2)a) theyarekindofdifficultb) we have good teachersc) I like them

3)a) don’t studyb) have to studyc) let’s study

4)a) a niceb) holidayc) beautiful

5)a) you can see the Popocateptlb) I have to studyc) there is a lot of smog

6)a) they are beautifulb) is very goodc) it’s really nice

7)a) I have a friendb) it was a holidayc) There are places in Mexico

8)a) Let’s go on Tuesdayb) was in Mixquicc) were there on Nov. 2

B. Now complete this letter from Nancy to her parents.

C. Write a similar letter to a friend. Write a full description of your daily activities. Include a past event you really enjoyed.

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NOTE:

We begin writing informal letters with the date on the top right. Then, we greet the person, and we start writing as in a conversation. But, paragraphs and punctuation have to be very well taken care of. Take a good look at where commas are placed: the date, the greeting, and the closing. Take another look at where periods are placed: all of them end a sentence or a combination of sentences that are joined by a connector.

D. When you join two complete sentences, you have to use a semi-colon (;) or a comma and a connector. Join the following sentences with punctuation and / or connector. If necessary, use pronouns to avoid redundancy.

Example: John likes cars. Mark likes trucks.John likes cars; Mark likes trucks.John likes cars, but Mark likes trucks.

Connectors: but (2), and, because, so

1. My house is red. Peter likes my house.

2. I’ll marry David. I love him.

3. I want a sandwich. I don’t want a pizza.

4. I walk. I see. I hear.

5. He’s a good boy. He’ll have a good life.

You shouldn’t trust everybody. “Beware of Greeks bearing gifts.”

Beware of Greeks bearing gifts.

PROVERB

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IV. ALICE’S SCHEDULEA. Alice has a busy schedule this week. Work with a partner. Student (A) looks at Schedule 1; Student (B) looks at Schedule 2. Ask and answer questions about Alice’s activities. Follow the example.

Example: Student a) What does Alice have to do on Thursday evening? Student b) She has to cook dinner at home.

TIME Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

MorningJog with Nancy

Sport club 8 a.m.

Yoga class 8:30 GYM

Literature class Room 9011

9 a.m.

Sculpture class Cultural Center

11 a.m.

Afternoon

Library – look for info with Nancyforfinal

project 1 p.m.

Hand in essay by

4 p.m.

EveningDrinks with

friends @Blue bar 9 p.m.

Cook dinner at home 6 p.m.

TIME Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

Morning

Spanishexam

10 a.m. Room 714

AfternoonMeet Sara to

talk to Professor Redgrave

Have lunch with Rich

downtown 2 p.m.

Write essay on Russian Culture

and Customs

Evening

Lecture on dynamics in

language teaching

5 p.m.

Fine Arts Palace “Austrian

Children Choir” 7 30 p.m.

Celebrate Arthur’s B’day

The Martini Pub 9 30 p.m.

Schedule 2

Schedule 1

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B. Write ten questions referring to Schedules 1 and 2, using the question words Where? What time? When? Also use the expression “have to”.

Example: Where does Alice have to go on Monday morning?

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

C. Now look at Alice’s weekend schedule. Work with a classmate, and use the chart to ask and answer questions about what Alice does on weekends.

Example: a) Does Alice get up early on Saturday mornings? b) Yes, she sometimes gets up early on Saturday mornings.

Always = A Usually = U Sometimes = S Hardly ever = H Never = N

Time gets upearly

goes tobed late

watchesTV

goes toa movie

goes toa play

goes toa concert

playstennis

goes tothe

library

goes outwith

friendsstudies works

out

Mornings S N H A

Afternoons U A H

Evenings A A N

Mornings N U H U U

Afternoons S N H

Evenings S

D.Talk with a classmate about what you both do onyour weekends. Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

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E. Write 5 sentences using information about what you do on your weekends.

1. ____________________________________________________________2. ____________________________________________________________3. ____________________________________________________________4. ____________________________________________________________5. ____________________________________________________________

V. CLOZEA. Complete the text about Halloween with words from the box.

people receive masks now house shout doplay on protect word first see a

Around Halloween, jack-o’-lanterns

and pictures of witches and ghosts

begin to appear in windows of the

houses. (1) _________ .

Halloween night; you can

(2) ______________

children wearing costumes and

(3) _______ going from house

to (4) _________. They knock on

doors, (5) __________“Trick or

Treat” and (6) ________ candy.

If the children (7)__________ not

receive treats (candy) at

(8) _________ certain house, they

will (9) __________ a trick on the

(10)_________ who live there.

The (11) __________ “Halloween”

means “All Saints’ Eve”. At

(12)__________ , it was observed

to (13) __________ people from

evil spirits. (14) __________, it’s

just a custom.

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B. Listen and check your answers.

C.Discuss these questions with a classmate:

How do you celebrate November 1st and 2nd?What special dishes do you cook?

What else do you know about Halloween?What are the differences between these customs in Mexico and the U.S.?

Now, go to page 134 to continue with extra activities

VI. MY SCHEDULEA. Write your plans for the week in the schedule below.

Time Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Sunday

Morning

Afternoon

Evening

B. Talk with a partner about your plans for the whole week.Use these words and time expressions: always (every day) on Sunday morning usually at 7 o’clock / night sometimes from 8 a.m. to hardly ever in the afternoon.

C.Discuss these questions in small groups:What time do you have to wake up on weekdays?Where do you usually go on weekends?When do you do the laundry?Do you go to parties on Saturday night?What time do you wake up on Sundays?

1.15 Listen

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VII. OFFICIAL SCHOOL CALENDARListentothespeakerandfillinthechartwiththeinformationyouhear.

OFFICIAL SCHOOL CALENDAR DATE

Enrollment

Beginning of classes

Duration of the school semester

Evaluation

Vacation

Break between school years

1.16 Listen

1.17 Listen

RHYME

I see the moon, And the moon sees me;

God bless the moon, And God bless me.

VIII. ERROR IDENTIFICATION

Find the mistakes, and then write each sentence correctly in the space provided.

1. I’m study law in the nights.

2. He’s an lawyer for these company.

3. My husband’s a dentist. I too.

4. She’s very much happy.

5. He don’t never get up early.

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PROVERB

RHYME

I was always patient with that student. He always had all kind of excuses, but not

doing his homework again was “the last drop that made the cup run over!”

“The last drop makes the cup run over.”

For every evil under the sun,There is a remedy or there is none.

If there be one, try and find it;If there be none, never mind it.

1.18 Listen

6. Does she aerobics every mornings?

7. Is he’s fathers friend a doctor?

8. Always I fell hungry at the ten o’clock.

9. We can to go to movie the saturday.

10. In the vacations, I go to Cuernavaca.

11. Let’s to study in the home on Friday afternoon.

12. She doesn’t has a good work.

13. You’re great teacher, no?

14.Myfirstclassstartat8onsharp.

15. He will gets to home before her son does.

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LANGUAGE REVIEW UNIT 1

COMMUNICATIVE AIMS LANGUAGE SAMPLE LANGUAGE

Ask and answer yes/no questions about the past.

Past tense

“ed” regular verbs affirmative “did” auxiliary for negative and questions

be – was – were

I stayed home last night.

Did you study Spanish last semester?Yes, I did.

Did Juan write an e-mail to his parents?No, he didn´t.

When were you born?I was born in 1985.

Ask and talk about things you can or can´t do.

Can verbAlso used in questions and negatives

Can you speak French?No, I can´t.You can see many old buildings downtown.

Talk about things you have to do. Have to / necessity / obligation Ihavetofinishthisreporttoday.

Ask, talk about and make arrangements to do something.

Can you go to the movies on Sunday?Do you want to watch TV?Let´s have a cup of coffee.That sounds like fun.I´m sorry, I can´t.I have to study.Okay.Sure

Talk and ask about dates, holidays and customs.

on – exact dates: month/ day

in – years, months and seasons

at–specifictimespecificaddress

When´s the Day of the Dead?It´s on November 1st.It´s in January.It´s in the winter.

It’s at 5 o’clock.I live at 22 Madison Ave.

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VOCABULARY

CONTENT WORDS FUNCTION WORDSDays SundayMonday Tuesday WednesdayThursday Friday Saturday

Foreign languagesItalianGermanEnglishFrenchPortugueseSpanish

was (n’t) were (n’t)did (n’t)can (‘t)let’sthrough towards

MonthsJanuaryFebruaryMarchAprilMayJuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecember

Ordinal numbersfirst(1st.)second (2nd.)third (3rd.)fourth (4th.)twenty-eighth (28th.), etc.

Adverbsfor instance = for example

nextthen Sequence wordsfinally

Adjectivesbriefelderlyhallowedoutstandingpleasant

Verbsdisplayenrollhave toholdlightmeltpass awaysendspeak(was / were) born

Nounsformerskullssoul

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WHAT IT’S ABOUT (COMMUNICATIVE AIMS) • Ask and talk about your past.• Make comparisons and use superlatives.• Talk about similarities and differences in the present and in the past.

2.1 Listen and read.

Alice and Nancy are on their way to the Language Center. They are talking about their Christmas vacation.

Hi Alice! You look great. How was your vacation?

Justfine.Ididn’thavemoneytogohomeforChristmas, so I stayed here and I learned a lot about Mexican customs. It was a lot of fun.

Really? What did you do?

Well, Juan invited me to a “posada”, which is a party where people sing and act out Mary and Joseph’s journey to Bethlehem. It was beautiful. I really enjoyed the “piñatas”, and the “ponche” was delicious!

It sounds very interesting.

It was interesting and a lot of fun. How about you? What did you do?

Well, I was homesick, so I visited my family in the U.S.A.

Did you have a good time?

Oh, yes. I was very happy to see my parents and my sister. We had a great New Year’s party, too.

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice: Nancy:

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Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Did you study for the semester exams?

Are you kidding? I didn’t open a single book, and we have that Spanish literature exam this Friday!

I know. Juan helped me and I studied a little, but not much. There were posadas to attend. Besides, SpanishliteratureismoredifficultthanAmericanliterature.Therearesomanywritersandbooks.Ican’t remember all their names! I hope Professor Garrido isn’t as strict as Juan says!

You’reright.Itisdifficult.Let’sstudytogetherthisweek.We’reinthesameboat!

OK. We can start studying Mexican history, too.

By the way, how was the OFUNAM concert?

Oh, it was wonderful! Why didn’t you come?

I was sick, and I had to pack my suitcases to go home. Besides, I really like rock music better than classical music! I wanted to go to the OFUNAM concert because, you know, “When in Rome…

…do as the Romans do.” I understand. Well, there’s a rock concert after exams. Why don’t we check the dates?

Let’sstudyfortheexamsfirst,OK?

WORK IT OUT I. RIGHT OR WRONG

A. Mark the following statements Right or Wrong.

RIGHT WRONG

1. Alice had money to pay for her plane ticket. ______ ______

2. Alice didn’t like Mexico at Christmas time. ______ ______

3. Juan’s Alice’s friend. ______ ______

4. Nancy missed her family. ______ ______

5. Nancy didn’t study a lot during vacation. ______ ______

6. Juan studied for his exams during vacation. ______ ______

7. Alice thinks Spanish literature is easy. ______ ______

8. Alice and Nancy are worried about their exams. ______ ______

9. Alice and Nancy plan to take a boat trip. ______ ______

10. Nancy prefers rock music to classical music. ______ ______

B. Now, practice the conversation with a partner.

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II. MATCHING A. Choose the correct short answer for the question according to the dialogue.

A B

1. Did Nancy stay in Mexico at Christmas time? ____ a) No, she doesn’t.

2. Did Juan help Alice to study Spanish literature? ____ b) Yes, she did.

3. Was Nancy sick the day of the concert? ____ c) No, she didn’t.

4. Did Alice and Nancy study a lot during vacation? ____ d) Yes, she was.

5. Is Juan Alice’s friend? ____ e) No, she wasn’t

6. Was Alice homesick? ____ f) No, they didn’t.

7. Does Nancy like classical music very much? ____ g) Yes, he did.

8. Did Alice like the posadas? ____ h) Yes, he is.


2.2 Listen.

C.

Do you like posadas?Who do you spend Christmas with?What about the New Year’s Eve?How do you celebrate both of them?Do you know how similar or different these customs are in Mexico and the U.S.?Now, go to page 136 to continue with extra activities

NOTE:

•UsetheauxiliariesDO/DOEStomakequestionsaboutthePRESENT.•UsetheauxiliaryDIDtomakequestionsaboutthePAST.•PresentformsofBE:am–is–are•PastformsofBE:was-were

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III. QUESTION WORDS

Choose a question word from the box to complete each of the following questions according to the answer given.

WHO WHAT WHEN WHERE HOW WHY

1. _____________ was your literature test? OK, I guess.2. _____________ did Nancy visit her parents? In December.3. _____________ did Alice do last December? She stayed in Mexico.4. _____________ did Nancy spend her last vacation with? Her parents.5. _____________ was Vicente Fox elected president? In 2000.6. _____________ was Benito Juarez born? In Oaxaca.7. _____________ did you get to school this morning? By bus.8. _____________ did the doctor say? He said my arm was OK.9. _____________ did the baby cry? Because he was hungry.10. _____________ were you yesterday? I was at home.

IV. VERB TENSESPut the following verbs into the correct columns.

makes / was / enjoyed / loved / goes / have / stayed / say / were / go / visit / studiedlike/learn/gets/wanted/study/open/studies/likes/is/had/finish/start/enjoys/look/visited

BASE FORM orPRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE3rd PERSON SINGULAR PAST TENSE

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THINK

How do you form the past tense of…?PRESENT PAST PRESENT PAST I am I _________ I study I __________You are You ______ You study You _______He is He _______ He studies He ________To check the rules of past tense of regular and irregular verbs, go to appendices

B1 and B2.

V. GENERAL KNOWLEDGE QUIZAlice and Nancy are taking a break from their study session to answer a quizz. Help them decide if the following statements are TRUE or FALSE. Write T or F.

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HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW?

TRUE FALSE

1. The Mississippi river in the U.S.A. is longer than the Rio Grande between Mexico and the U.S.A. ______ ______

2. Australia is larger than Brazil. ______ ______

3. The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is the tallest building in the world. ______ ______

4. Chile is smaller than Colombia. ______ ______

5. Pablo Picasso painted the most expensive painting ever sold. ______ ______

6. The African elephant is the heaviest animal in the world. ______ ______

7. The Nile River is the longest in the world. ______ ______

8. Texas is the largest state in the U.S.A. ______ ______

9. The World Trade Center in Mexico City is taller than Torre Reforma. ______ ______

10. An adult bison is heavier than an adult giraffe. ______ ______

11. Morelos is the smallest state in Mexico. ______ ______

12. The Matalcueyetl volcano (La Malinche) is higher than the Xinantecatl Volcano (Nevado de Toluca). ______ ______

13. Living in Switzerland is more expensive than living in Mexico. ______ ______

14. Mt. McKinley is the highest mountain in Europe. ______ ______

SEE NEXT PAGE TO CHECK YOUR ANSWERS.

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Answer Key

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW?

F 1. The Mississippi Missouri River is the 4th longest river in the world. It is approximately 6,400 km long, while the Rio Grande, which divides Mexico from the U.S.A., is 3,057 km long.

F 2. Brazil is about 8,514,000 km2 (square kilometers). It’s larger than Australia which has an approximate area of 7,686,000 km2.

T 3. The Burj Khalifa Tower in the United Arab Emirates is nowadays the tallest building in the world. It has162floorsanditis828meterstall.

T 4. Chile has a smaller area than Colombia. It has an area of 756,096 km2 while Colombia has an area of 1,141,748 km2.

F 5. The most expensive painting ever sold is “No. 5”, by American painter Jackson Pollock. Someone paid for it $140 million USD in 2004.

F 6. The heaviest animal in the world is the blue whale.

T 7. The Nile River is the longest one in the world. It’s 6,650 km long.

F 8. Alaska is the largest state in the U.S.A.

F 9. TheTorreReformaBuildinginMexicoCityhas57floors;it’stallerthanTheWorldTradeCenterwhichonlyhas50floors.

F 10. An adult giraffe has an average weight of 1,200 kg. It’s heavier than an average 800 kg bison.

F 11. Tlaxcala is the smallest state. Mexico City is smaller than Tlaxcala, but Mexico City is not considered a state.

F 1 2. The” Nevado de Toluca” is higher than “La Malinche”.

T 13. At least 3 cities in Switzerland are ranked among “the 50 most expensive cities to live in” in the world. Mexico is not even in the list.

F 14. Mt. McKinley in Alaska is the highest mountain in North America.

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A. Fill in the spaces with the correct preposition: in, on, or at.

1. The Mexican Revolution began _______ 1910.

2. Independence Day in the U.S.A. is _______ July 4th.

3. Benito Juarez was born _______ March 21st. _______ 1806.

4. The demolition of the Berlin Wall started _______ 1989.

5. The Grito de Independencia is given _______ 11:00 p.m. _______ September 15th.

B. Use but or and.

1. Switzerland is an expensive country, _________ Japan is too.

2. The Aztecs were warriors, __________ the Mayan weren’t.

3. Elsa Avila climbed Mt. Everest, _________ Karla Weehlock did too.

4. Napoleon died in 1821, _________ Josephine didn’t.

5. PorfirioDiazwasadictator,_________ManuelNoriega was too.

VI. PREPOSITIONS AND CONNECTORS

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PROVERB

RHYME

“Difficult situations inspire ingenious solutions”.

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT PROVERBS?Do you agree or disagree with the following proverb? Discuss your ideas with your partners and share your

conclusions with the group.

2.3 Listen

Necessity is the mother of invention.

See a pin and pick it up.All the day you’ll have good luck.

See a pin and let it lie,All the day your luck will fly.

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TRY IT OUT

I. PRONUNCIATION A. Mark ( 7 ) the correct past verb pronunciation of these verbs.

/t/ /d/ /ld/1. walked

2. needed

3. laughed

4. skated

5. moved

6. mended

7. explained

8. talked

9. planted

10. cooked

11. invited

12. worked

13. prepared

14. fainted

15. turned

16. pushed

17. picked

18. pulled

19. checked

20. sounded


2.4 Listen

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NOTE:

PRONUNCIATION OF REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSE The /-ed/ ending of regular past tense verbs is not pronounced as a separate syllable. It is pronounced either /t/ or /d/. Exceptions are regular verbs that end in the /t/ or /d/ sound such as “wait” or “land”. These verbs do pronounce /ed/ as a separate syllable /ɪd/. General rules: 1) Verbs that end with voiced sounds: the past forms are pronounced as voiced too.

live - lived = /d/ 2) Verbs that end with voiceless sounds: the past forms are pronounced as voiceless too.

walk - walked = /t/ Voiceless sounds endings: /s/, /f/, /k/, /p/, and /ʧ/ (as in watch)

3) Verbs that end in a /d/ or /t/ (spelling): Letters –ed of the past tense form, are both pronounced.

pretend – pretended = /ɪd/

NOTE: IF THE REGULAR VERB ENDS IN:

•-e,add–d(live–lived;like–liked).•aconsonantplus-y,changethe–ytoan–iandadd–ed(dry–dried; study – studied).•avowelplus-y,justadd–ed(play–played;stay-stayed).•asinglestressedvowelplusaconsonant,inone-syllablewords, double the consonant and add –ed (plan – planned; stop – stopped; gag – gagged; ram – rammed). Exception: when it ends in a single stressed vowel plus –x, just add –ed because the –x really represents two consonant sounds /ks/ (fix–fixed;mix–mixed).•asinglestressedvowelplusaconsonant,intwo-syllablewords, double the consonant and add –ed (refer – referred; permit – permitted; omit – omitted).•asingleunstressedvowelplusaconsonant,intwoormoresyllable words, just add –ed (travel – traveled; open – opened; offer –offered).•-c,add–kplus–ed(panic–panicked,picnic–picnicked).•Therestoftheverbsthatdonotfitintothepreviousrules,add–ed (end – ended; walk – walked; etc.).

C. What’s the past tense of these verbs? Read the note below before doing the exercise.

1. refer __________ 4. decide __________ 7. involve __________

2.fix__________ 5.cry_____________8.travel__________

3. clap __________ 6. stop ____________ 9. play_____________

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D. Complete the sentences using one of the verbs from the box. talked / moved / invited / laughed / cooked

1. Lisa __________ me to a graduation party next Saturday. 2. My mother __________ a turkey and potato salad for Christmas.3. New neighbors __________ in next to my apartment. 4. Nobody __________ at her joke! It was really lousy! 5. I called Sam and we __________ on the phone for about two hours.

II. FAMOUS PERSONAGESA. Write the name of a famous character you know in: B.

Ask your partner pertinent data about the following figures. Example: When was Frida Kahlo born? Where was she born? Where did she live? Why was she famous? When did she die?

Music ___________________________________ ___________________________________History ___________________________________ ___________________________________Art ___________________________________ ___________________________________

FRIDA KAHLO

Born: Mexico City, 1907Lived: Mexico and New YorkPainted: “Las dos Fridas”Died: 1954

NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

Born: Corsica, 1769Lived: France and ItalyConquered: EgyptDied: 1821

FRANCISCO GONZÁLEZ BOCANEGRA

Born: San Luis Potosí, 1824Lived: Spain and MexicoWrote: The National AnthemDied: 1861

YVES SAINT LAURENT

Born: Algeria, 1936Lived: Paris and MarrakechDesigned: clothes for Catherine DeneuveDied: 2008

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C. Think about a famous character you know and write a paragraph about him/her.

III. INFORMATION GAP ACTIVITYA.What’sthepasttenseoftheseverbs?Workwithapartnertofindout.Alltheseverbsareirregular;youcanuse your dictionary.

Infinitive Past tense Infinitive Past tense

1. stand 7. spend

2. begin 8. catch

3. send 9. buy

4. forget 10. forgive

5. write 11. do

6. come 12. eat

B. Work with a partner. Student A looks at Chart 1, Student B looks at Chart 2. Ask and answer questions about following characters, using the following questions:

Who was __________________?When / Where was he/she born?What did he/she do for a living?What historical fact was he/she famous for?When did he/she die?

Example:a) Who was Ana Pavlova?b) She was a famous dancer.a) When was she born?b) She was born in … (etc., etc.)

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Chart 1. Student A

Name Birth date Nationality Occupation Interesting fact

Death date

Ana Pavlova Russian Danced “the Mexican Hat Dance” in México in 1919

Louis Pasteur 1822 Scientist 1895Miguel deCervantes

Spanish Wrote “Don Quixote”

Leonardo Da Vinci

1452 Painter 1519

Pyotr I. Tchaikovsky

Russian Composed “The Nutcracker Suite”

Friedrich von Schiller

1759 Poet 1805

Lady Diana English Divorced a Prince in the British Monarchy

Aristotle Onassis

1906 Shippingmagnate

1975

Chart 2. Student B

Name Birth date Nationality Occupation Interesting fact

Death date

Ana Pavlova 1881 Dancer 1931Louis Pasteur French Invented

pasteurizationMiguel deCervantes

1547 Writer 1616

Leonardo Da Vinci

Italian Painted “The Last Supper”

Pyotr I. Tchaikovsky

1840 Composer 1893

Friedrich von Schiller

German Wrote “Ode to Joy”

Lady Diana 1961 Princess 1997Aristotle Onassis

Greek Married Jackie Kennedy

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IV. QUESTIONS IN PAST – YESTERDAYWith a partner, ask and answer questions about the information in the chart.

Example: a) What time did Alice get up? b She got up at 6:00.

get up(got)

take a shower

or a bath

(took)

eat for

breakfast(ate)

go after breakfast

(went)

have a break(had)

come home

(came)

have for lunch(had)

do in the evening

(did, wached)

eat for supper

(ate)

go to bed

(went)

Alice6:00 shower toast and

coffeeschool 11:00 by bus soup,

chicken and

salad

Watch TV hot coco and

tamales

10:00

Juan8:30 bath fried

eggs and bacon

office 11:00 by car a burger

do homework

a sandwich and milk

11:30

V. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCESA.MatchcolumnsAandBtofindsimilaritiesanddifferencesasintheexamples.

Differences:

Helen isn’t a teacher, but Bob is.Mary can cook, but Billy can’t.

Similarities:

Bob is a teacher, and Alice is too.Billy isn’t a teacher, and Helen isn’t either.Helen cooks well, and Alice does too. Bob can’t cook, and Billy can’t either.

A B

1. Helen can drive, and a) Bob can’t.2. Bob can’t drive, and b) Billy doesn’t.3. Helen can drive, but c) Billy is too.4. Bob lives in an apartment, and d) Alice can’t either.5. Helen doesn’t live in an apartment, and e) Alice isn’t either.6. Alice lives in an apartment, but f) Paty wasn’t.7. Bob is at home, and g) Alice does too8. Helen isn’t a doctor, and h) Mary didn’t.9. Billy is an engineer, but i) Billy doesn’t either.

10. Bob was at a party last night, and j) Helen isn’t.11. Richard was at home yesterday, but k) Billy can too.12. Nadia worked yesterday, but l) Paty was too.

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B. Use the chart of exercise IV to express similarities and differences.

Example: Alice had a break at 11:00, and Juan did, too.Juan got up at 8:00, but Alice didn’t.Juan didn’t have salad for lunch, and Alice didn’t either.

C. Complete the chart with the activities you carried out yesterday; then ask your partner about his/her activities yesterday.

Example: a) What time did you get up yesterday? b) I got up at 5:00 a.m.

get up(got)

take a shower

or a bath

(took)

eat for

breakfast(ate)

go after breakfast

(went)

have abreak(had)

come home

(came)

have for lunch(had)

do in the evening

(did, watched)

eat for supper

(ate)

go to bed

(went)

You

Your partner

D. Write ten sentences expressing similarities or differences about the activities you and your partner carried out yesterday. Use your previous chart as a guide.

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________

6. ____________________________________________________________________

7. ____________________________________________________________________

8. ____________________________________________________________________

9. ____________________________________________________________________

10. ___________________________________________________________________

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VI. WORD COMPLETIONA.NancylearnedaboutChichenItzainherclass.Completetheparagraph.Thefirstletterofthewordthatis missing is given. Number 1 is an example.

Chichen Itza is an archaeological 1) site of the Mayan civilization on the Yucatan Peninsula of 2) M______. It is one of the most visited 3) t_______ attractions. It was given the status of World Heritage Site in 1988 by the UNESCO, and recently selected as one of the New Seven 4) W_______ of the World. Many tourists visit this place, especially 5) f_______ Cancun. This archaeological site is one hour and thirty minutes away from Merida, the capital of Yucatan. The 6) M____________ communities near Chichen Itza have developed plenty of 7) w_________ attractions for travelers to learn about the Mayan Cultural heritage. It is recommended to schedule a 8) n_____ or two in Chichen Itza to enjoy all the 9) a_________ that they offer. In Chichen Itza, there is a park and a museum and, if so desired, the 10) g________ services.

B. Now listen and check your answers.

VII. REDUCED FORMS A. Write the words that you hear.

1. What ______________________________ last weekend? 2. Where ___________________ go yesterday? 3. When ______________________________ go to a wedding? 4. Where ____________________ born? 5. What time ____________________ go __________ bed last Sunday? 6. ____________________ have eggs __________ breakfast? 7. When ______________________________ go __________ Acapulco? 8. How ______________________________ on __________ English test? 9. When ____________________ birthday? 10. Where ____________________ eat lunch yesterday?

2.5 Listen

2.6 Listen

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B.Work with a partner to ask and answer the

questions in the previous exercise using your own information.

PROVERB

RHYME

“Money can influence people”

PROVERBSDo you agree or disagree with the following proverb? Discuss your ideas with your partners and share your

conclusions with the group.

Money talks.

Here is the church and here is the steeple;Open the door and here are the people.

Here is the parson going upstairs,And here he is, saying his prayers.

2.7 Listen

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PROVERB

POLISH IT UP

I. PAST TENSE (REGULAR VERBS)

For a more complete explanation, list, spelling rules, etc. of some common verbs in the past tense, see B-1

A. Choose the best option to complete the sentences.

1. Last year, she lives / lived in Mexico City for 4 days.

2. Oscar walked / walks for hours to get to the station.

3. Two days ago, James watches / watched TV.

4. She cooked / cooks breakfast yesterday.

5. Last class, she explains / explained the lesson very well.

B. Change the following sentences to the past tense

1. She lives in Mexico.

2. He directs an orchestra.

3. They walk to school.

4. The teacher talks too much.

5. They cook fairly well.

6. Mary laughs at my jokes.

7. Ian works at the telephone company.

8. Olin plays soccer with his cousins.

9. He invites me to the movies.

10. She explains the lesson well.

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C. Use the same previous sentences, and change them to yes / no questions and negative sentences in the past tense.

EXAMPLES:Statement Questions Negative

She lives in Mexico. Did she live in Mexico? She didn’t live in Mexico.

QUESTIONS (yes / no questions) NEGATIVE1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.

D. Now, with a classmate, ask and answer questions. Example:

A) When was the last time you played a musical instrument?B) When I was 11 years old. I played the guitar.A) Did you like it?B) Yes, I did. But, I don’t play it anymore / And, I still play it.

You can use: cook dinner, watch TV, help your family, travel to other countries, etc.

II. PAST TENSE (IRREGULAR VERBS) There are many verbs in English that aren’t regular in their past form. Instead of adding the “ed” ending, they change their spelling (or stay the same.)

SEE B-2

NOTE:

The irregular verbs are the oldest ones in the English Language. There are about 180 of them. The good news is that you will only have to learn more or less 80 because they are the most commonly used, and you’ll have to learn them by heart.

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A. Change these sentences or questions to the past, using the time words given.

1. She is in Cuernavaca. (last week)

____________________________________________________

2. When is your birthday party?

____________________________________________________

3. They speak German. (when they were kids)

____________________________________________________

4. I take a bath at 7. (this morning)

____________________________________________________

5. She has scrambled eggs with beans. (yesterday)

____________________________________________________

6. Sara has a headache. (yesterday afternoon)

____________________________________________________

7. Robert gets up at 7:30 a.m. (every day last week)

____________________________________________________

8. He writes novels. (10 years ago)

____________________________________________________

9. Noah buys the groceries. (a week ago)

____________________________________________________

10. We sing in the choir. (last year)

____________________________________________________

11. They go camping with their cousins. ( last month)

____________________________________________________

12. Romeo drives home. (last night)

____________________________________________________

13.Theyflytomanyhistoricalsites.(ontheirlastvacation)

____________________________________________________

14. Charlie goes to Cancun. (2 days ago)

____________________________________________________

15. Eve comes with her parents. (last week)

____________________________________________________

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B. Further practice: Give short NO answers and give extra information using the words given.

EXAMPLE:-Did you go to the concert last night? (Mom’s birthday party)

-No, I didn´t. I went to my Mom’s birthday party.

1. Did you want a hot tea? (cold) _____________________________________2.DidRichardfinishpaintinghishouse?(room) _____________________________________3. Did Laura organize the meeting with our new boss? (Hilda) ______________________________________4. Did the cook bake the cookies? (the bread) ______________________________________5. Did Anne design the website? (Lorena) ______________________________________6. Did Lety play the cello last night? (2 days ago) ______________________________________7. Did Ian put the toys away? (Bianca) ______________________________________8. Did Nasdira apply the make-up exam? (Robert) ______________________________________

C. Complete the questions for each answer.

1. What _________________________________? I went to a concert with Eduardo.

2. Where ________________________________? She lived in a small town near Paris.

3. Who__________________________________? I danced with Vianey all night long.

4. When ________________________________? The party was last night.

5. Why__________________________________? We got up at 5:30 a.m. because she had to be at the airport early.

PROVERB

I know I seem cheap when I don’t give money to the beggars, but “a penny saved

is a penny earned.”

A penny saved is a penny earned.

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PROVERB

III. COMPARISONS Nancy and Alice are thinking about renting a place together next semester. They are comparing an apartment and a house. Read the newspapers ads.

SEE A- 5

Small houseExcellent condition; located about 15 min. from the university. Built in 1985. Peaceful neighborhood with beautiful country atmosphere and no smog! The lot is 150m2 (10m x15m). The house has 2 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, kitchen, living room, dining room, TV room. Rent $800 a month.

Small apartmentNear the university and shopping centers. Public transportation close by. Built in 1981. Good condition. 2 bedrooms, 1 study, 1 bathroom, built-in kitchen, living and dining room. Abundant water supply. Garage for one car. Rent $750 a month.

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A. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective given.

1. The apartment is _______________________ than the house. (cheap)2. The house is __________________________ than the apartment. (expensive)3. The house is __________________________ than the apartment. (big)4. The apartment is _______________________ than the house. (small)5. The house is __________________________ than the apartment. (new)6. The apartment is _______________________ than the house. (old)7. Living in a house is _____________________ than living in the apartment. (peaceful)8. The apartment is _______________________ to the university than the house. (close)

B. With a classmate, start a conversation and do the following: a) Make new sentences comparing the house and the apartment. b) Compare your neighborhoods (where each one of you lives).

C. Answer the questions with your own information. Write complete answers.

1. Which team is better, Pumas or America? ________________________________________________2. Which place is more beautiful, Mexico or Canada? ________________________________________________3. Which car is more expensive, a Jetta or a Beetle? ________________________________________________4.Whichlanguageismoredifficulttolearn,EnglishorSpanish? ________________________________________________ 5. Which currency is more expensive, the dollar or the euro? ________________________________________________

D. Conversation With a classmate, compare two famous people, two places, two things, or two animals. Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class. Ideas: •Famoussingers,presidents,moviestars,footballplayers,etc.•Countries,schools,cities,towns,volcanoes,monuments,etc.•Computers,textbooks,cars,TVprograms,etc.•Dogsandcats,elephantsandgiraffes,snakesandspiders,dolphinsand sharks, etc.

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IV. SUPERLATIVES

SEE A – 6

Jim Robert Karin

A. Complete the sentences with the superlative form of the adjectives given.

1. Jim ___________________________________________. (young) 2. Robert ________________________________________. (handsome)3. Karin _________________________________________. (old)4. Robert _______________________________________. (rich)5. Robert ________________________________________. (tall)6. Jim ___________________________________________. (short)7. Karin __________________________________________. (bored)8. Jim ___________________________________________. (funny)9. Karin__________________________________________. (intelligent)10. Jim ___________________________________________. (unfriendly)

B. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the most expensive car in the world? ________________________________________________________________2. What is the highest building in the world? ________________________________________________________________3. What is the biggest mammal? ________________________________________________________________4. What is the best soccer team in the world? ________________________________________________________________5. What is the largest country in the world? ________________________________________________________________

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C. Conversation With a partner, discuss the previous topics.

Example: a) What is the biggest mammal? b) The whale is the biggest mammal. a) Do you like whales? / What do you know about whales? b) Yes, I do. / They are beautiful to watch; etc.

RHYME

Multiplication is vexation,Division is as bad;

The rule perplexes me,And practice drives me mad.

2.8 Listen

V. WORD ORDERA. Put the following statements or questions in the correct word order.

1. went / studied / Maria / to / and / Inca / Peru / culture / the /. 2. Cortes / his / gold / Moctezuma / gifts / and / soldiers / gave / precious / many / of / and / jewels /.

3. for / history / I / studied / my / Mexican / exam / yesterday /.

4. vacation / I / very / in / liked / Christmas / my / Veracruz / much /.

5. girlfriend / vacation / go / Juan’s / for / year / this / didn’t / home /.

6. family / go / her / Alice / see / month / home / did / to / last / ? /.

7. likes / do / my / and / husband’s / ice cream / mother / I / too / my /.

8. his / I /Jorge / do / and / didn’t / homework / didn’t / either /.

9. Tenochtitlan / of / the / was / in / city / bigger / Oaxaca / than / Mitla /.

10. classes / where / you / after / did / go / yesterday / ? /

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B. Take a look at your favorite actors, actresses, singers, etc.

With a partner, start a conversation like this:

a) Who is the most handsome?b) Luis Miguel is the most handsome because he has

beautiful eyes, and a charming smile.

VI. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDINGA. Underline all the past tense verbs in the text.

He was inspired to become a medical missionary and studied medicine from 1905-1913. Schweitzer raised money for a hospital in Lambaréné in Africa partly by giving concerts for the Paris Bach Society. In 1913, he beganservinginLambaréné,wherehisfirstconsultingroomwasachickencoop!In 1912, Schweitzer married Helene Bresslau, who took up nursing in order to share her husband’s work. They had one daughter, Rhena, born in 1919. World War I interrupted their construction of the hospital in Lambaréné.ThisinterruptiongaveSchweitzertimetoreflectoncivilization.Thesignificanceof“reverenceforlife” came to him while he was on an African river trip. For Schweitzer, all creatures were, in a sense, one. He wrote about this view in Philosophy of Civilization (1923).In 1924, Schweitzer built a new medical complex with the help of young African men. Many Africans went there for help, including many with leprosy. In later life, Schweitzer gave a speech on the problem of peace in today’s world at the ceremony in which he accepted the Novel Peace Prize.When he died in 1965, the Africans buried him in Lambaréné in a simple grave beside his wife.

A PERSON TO ADMIRE

The history professor asked the students to mention a person they admired and to write a report on the person’s life. Alice chose the following personage. Read the biography and do the exercise that follows.

ALBERT SCHWEITZER

Albert Schweitzer was a brilliant philosopher, doctor, musician, clergyman and writer. Early in his career, he based his philosophy on what he called “reverence for life”. He also felt a deep sense of obligation to serve humanity directly. Schweitzer’s many years of work as a humanitarian won for him the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize.Born in 1875 near the border between France and Germany, he went to school in both countries. At the age of 21, Schweitzer decided to spend his next nine years in science, music and preaching. He had an international reputation as a writer on religion before he turned 30. He also became an organist, and an authority on organ building and on Johann Sebastian Bach.

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B. Within the chart, write the verbs you underlined, and on their right, include the form of the simple present of each one of them. Two examples are given.

VERB VERB VERBwas am, is, are

based base

C. Answer the following questions:

1. What year did Schweitzer win the Novel Peace Prize?

_________________________________________________________________

2. When was Schweitzer born?

_________________________________________________________________

3. Where did Schweitzer go to school?

_________________________________________________________________

4. What did Schweitzer do between the ages 21 and 30?

_________________________________________________________________

5. How did Schweitzer raise money to build a hospital in Lambaréné?

_________________________________________________________________

6.WhatwasSchweitzer’sfirstconsultingroom?

_________________________________________________________________

7. What did Helene Bresslau study?

_________________________________________________________________

8. What interrupted the construction of the hospital?

_________________________________________________________________

9. What disease is mentioned in the text?

_________________________________________________________________

10. Who is Albert Schweitzer buried next to?

_________________________________________________________________

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PROVERB

RHYME

That man won thousands of pesos at BINGO last night. Now he’s asking for

money for a cup of coffee! “A fool and his money are soon parted!”

2.9 Listen

A fool and his money are soon parted.

A wise old owl lived in an oak;The more he saw, the less he spoke;

The less he spoke, the more he heard.Why can’t we all be like that wise old bird?.

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WRAP IT UP

I. WHO AM I?Write a famous (deceased) person’s name on a sheet of paper.

Pin or tape it to your partner’s back. Your partner will do the same to you. Then, go around the room asking questions about your assumed identity.

You cannot ask more than one question at a time to the same person. When you guess your identity,

pin or tape your name on the front of your blouse or shirt. Then, form groups of 3 or 4 students and tell your group about

the famous person you represent.

II. FIND SOMEONE WHOA. First, fill in the blanks with questions in the past tense. Then, ask your classmates the same questions in the past. If somebody gives you an affirmative answer, ask him to sign up that activity.

See who gets the most signatures.Example:

• went to the movies yesterdayYou ask: Did you go to the movies yesterday?

Question Signature1. woke up at 5:00 a.m. yesterday

2. had eggs and bacon for breakfast3. read the newspaper yesterday4. checked your e-mail this morning5. exercised yesterday afternoon6. had a doctor’s appointment yesterday7. ate tamales two days ago8. texted more than one message last night

9. watched Dr. House last week

10. went to French class yesterday11. listened to Radio Red this morning12. did your homework one hour ago

13. took a bath last night14. washed a car yesterday15. played Mario Bros last weekend

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B. ConversationWith a classmate, take turns to orally practice the negative formof the previous original sentences. Make sure you produce correct sentences.

Example: (Ricardo) went to the movies yesterday You say: Ricardo didn’t go to the movies yesterday.

III. DICTATIONListen to the statements and write them down.

1. _____________________________________________________________2. _____________________________________________________________3. _____________________________________________________________4. _____________________________________________________________5. _____________________________________________________________

IV. BIOGRAPHY

Alice and Nancy learn that their literature teacher likes all kinds of movies and admires a lot of actors and actresses. For their first paper, they decided to write a report on a very famous American actor.A. Look at the information below and ask and answer questions about Johnny with a classmate.

Example: a) When was Johnny Depp born? b) He was born on June 9, 1963.

Johnny DeppDate of birth: June 9, 1963

Place of birth: Owensboro, Kentucky

Nicknames: As a kid - Mr. StenchAs a teenager - Colonel

Height: 5’ 10’’ (1.78 m.)

Parents: 1945 – 2008 Father – civil engineer: John Christopher Depp1948 – Mother – waitress and homemaker: Elizabeth Sue Wells

First occupation: Musician

Married: 1983 - Lori Anne Allison

Divorced: 1985 - no kids

2.10 Listen

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Johnny DeppDaughter: Lily-Rose Melody (May 27, 1999) Mother: Vanessa Paradis

Son: Jack (John Christopher) (April 9, 2002) Mother: Vanessa Paradis

Film debut: 1984

First movie: A Nightmare on Elm Street

Successful movie: Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl

Last movie filmed: 2009 - The Tourist

Co-star: Angelina Jolie

B. Write a paragraph about Johnny Depp.

RHYME

Penny and penny Laid up will be many;

Who will not save a penny,Shall never have any.

2.11 Listen

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V. A FAMOUS MEXICAN

1) On a separate piece of paper, write a paragraph about a famous deceased Mexican singer or actor.

2) Exchange your paper with a partner, read it and make the necessary corrections. Pay attention to grammar, spelling and punctuation.

3) After you correct each other’s papers, discuss the reasons why you chose that actor or singer.

Tell your partner what you admire the most of that person.

VI. PAST VS. PRESENTA. Fill in the spaces with the correct verb tense (either past, present or infinitive form)

Alice ____________ born in 1993. She ___________ history, so after high school she ____________ to 1. be 2. like 3. decidemajor in history. In her freshman year, she ____________ to Peru to study the ancient Inca civilization, and 4. gonow she ____________ in Mexico at the School for Foreigners.She especially ____________ ____________ 5. be 6. like 7. studythe Aztec culture, but she also ____________ Mexican history in general. 8. studyShe ____________ ____________ Spanish literature or poetry, but she ____________ to study them as 9. like - neg 10. read 11. havepart of her program. She really _______________ Spanish literature very well. She ____________ that 12. understand - neg 13. thinkSpanish literature ____________ too mystic and unreal. Last year when she ____________ in Peru, Alice 14. be 15. be____________ in Cuzco for a few months. She ____________ the Inca ruins at Macchu Picchu and 16. live 17. visit____________ _______ with the Peruvian students about their culture and history. She ____________ 18. like 19. talk 20. attend

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2.12 Listen

1. _________________________________? We had a vacation last month. 2. _________________________________? I went to Chichen Itza on vacation.3. _________________________________? She arrived at 2:30 p.m.4. _________________________________? They saw Mitla and Monte Alban.5. _________________________________? Juan climbed up the Sun Pyramid in Teotihuacan.

6. What person was influential in writing the 1917 Constitution? ________________________________________7. When did Cortes first step on Mexican shores? _________________________________________8. Where did El Pipila die? _________________________________________9. What did Gabriel Garcia Marquez write? _________________________________________ 10. How did Pedro Infante die? ________________________________________

the University of San Carlos in Lima. There, she ____________ with a family; she ____________ dormitory 21. live - neg 22. haveaccommodations at a private school. However, in Mexico this year she ____________ a room in the home of a 23. have Mexican family. She really ____________ her experience in Mexico better than the experience in Peru 24. like because she ____________ more involved in the life and culture of the country. That’s one reason why she 25. be____________ glad ____________ in Mexico for Christmas vacation. She ____________ Christmas vacation. 26. be 27. stay 28. have She ____________ a good time and she ____________ all the posadas and piñatas! 28. have 29. enjoy


VII. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSWrite an appropriate question or answer.

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VIII. COMPARISONSDescribe attractions or lack of attractions

in two different places you are familiar with. Write sentences with a partner.

Example: Acapulco vs. CancunAcapulco is dirtier than Cancun, but it is closer to Mexico City

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IX. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDERA. Write the correct verb form in the spaces, and then write the number of the logical chronological order of the sentences in front of each sentence.

_____ For example, yesterday he _________ early and _________ to Chapultepec Park to jog.

(get up) (go)

_____ After that, he _________ breakfast and _________ to the subway station.

(eat) (run)

_____ At 8:00 he _________ to his second class.

(go)

_____ Juan _________ a typical university student.

(be)

_____ He _________ to school 15 minutes late, so he _________ his first class.

(get) (miss)

_____ Then, he _________ home and _________ a shower after jogging.

(go) (take)

_____ Because he _________ his class he _________ to the cafeteria for coffee with Alice.

(miss) (go)

_____ He _________ classes at 1:00 and _________ to the library.

(finish) (go)

_____ Then, he _________ home and _________ lunch.

(go) (have)

_____ At about 6 p.m. he _________ out to play soccer and to _________ Alice.

(go) (visit)

_____ After lunch, he _________ his homework and _________ to his girlfriend on the phone.

(do) (talk)

_____ At 9 p.m., Juan _________ supper and _________ a little before he _________ to bed.

(have) (read) (go)


2.13 Listen

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X. ERROR IDENTIFICATIONFind the mistakes. Then, write each sentence correctly in the space provided.

1. Sun Pyramid is bigger as Moon Pyramid. __________________________________________________________________________2. I didn’t went to home for vacation. ___________________________________________________________________________3. Alice didn’t see the daughter of Sam in New York a week before. ___________________________________________________________________________4. Did you have much hungry? ___________________________________________________________________________5. My house is expensiver than your. ___________________________________________________________________________6. My cousins house is the modernest house in the city. ___________________________________________________________________________7. You went home last month? ___________________________________________________________________________8. She’s the most thin woman in our class of French. ___________________________________________________________________________9. She usually drove a car to school, but I didn’t either. ___________________________________________________________________________10. Sammy had a good time when he take his swimmer class, and Dolly had too. ___________________________________________________________________________

PROVERB

Peter always helps people in need without boasting about it; this is a clear example of

how actions speak louder than words.

Actions speak louder than words.

Do you agree or disagree with the following proverbs? Discuss your ideas with your partners and be prepared

to share your conclusions with the group.

HOW MUCH DO YOU KNOW ABOUT PROVERBS?

A proverb is a short well-known expression that states a general truth or gives advice.

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COMMUNICATIVE AIMS LANGUAGE SAMPLE LANGUAGE

Ask and talk about the past

“ed” ending to regular verbs

“did” + verb in base form for questions and negatives in the past(memorize irregular verbs)

I stayed home last weekend.

Did you study for the exam?

I didn´t watch TV last night.

Make comparisons

“short” adjectives / two-syllable wordsending in “y”adj. + “er” + than

“long” adjectivesmore + adj. + than(check irregular adjectives)

Toluca is colder than Puebla.

Ann is funnier than Lisa.

Cancun is more expensive than Acapulco.

Make superlatives

“short” adjectives / two-syllable wordsending in “y”the + adj. + “est” “long” adjectivesThe most + adj. (check irregular adjectives)

Carlos Slim is the richest man in Mexico.My friend Bob is the happiest person I know.Pozole is the most delicious Mexican dish.

Talk about similarities and differences(with statements in the present and past)

do, does / did too don’t, doesn’t / didn´t either and “x” am, is, are too / was, were too am not, isn’t, aren’t either / wasn´t, weren´t either

do, does / did don’t, doesn’t / didn´t

but “x” am, is, are / was, were am not, isn’t, aren’t / wasn´t, weren´t

I love / loved the movie, and Jess does / did too.They don’t / didn´t go to the party, and Alice doesn’t / didn´t either.Kelly is / was a good student, and Joe is / was too.He isn’t / wasn’t here, and they aren’t / weren´t either.

Nancy visited her family, but Alice didn’t.I didn´t order wine, but my husband did.

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VOCABULARY

REGULAR PAST VERBS

IRREGULAR PASTVERBS ADJECTIVES OTHER

WORDS

enjoyburn

discover + “ed”finish

carry out

eatgetgo

havemaketake

wentmadehadtookgotate

tallhigh

afraidlonglarge

intelligentcrazy

dangerouscomfortable

didthan

EXPRESSIONS

Are you kidding?We´re in the same

boat.

See a more complete list of irregular verbs in the appendices.

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WHAT IT’S ABOUT (COMMUNICATIVE AIMS) • Askforandgiveorofferservices.• Complainaboutservice.• Apologize.• Askandtalkaboutpastevents.

3.1 Listen and read.

It’s Friday morning. Alice and Nancy are in their apartment, Nancy is going shopping.

I’m going to the supermarket, Alice. Do you need anything?

Yes, I do. Tomorrow is Juan’s birthday and I want to make the strawberry shortcake recipe. It’s a surprise.

Mmm! I love strawberry shortcake! The last time I had it was when I went home last December. What do you need?

Alice: Let’s see. I need strawberries, some whipping cream, some eggs, some flour, and some butter.

Wait a minute, let me write that down. Or, why don’t you come with me?

Good idea! By the way, do you think we can find nice strawberries at the supermarket?

Well, I think it will be easier to find them there than at a market. This is not strawberry season and supermarkets usually have all kinds of fruit.

You´re right. I hope they are not too expensive.

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

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Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Nancy:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

Cashier:

Alice:

Cashier:

Alice:

Cashier:

Alice:

Alice:

Nancy:

Alice:

At the supermarket:

OK, here are the strawberries. They look good, don´t they?

Yeah, how much are they?

$35 pesos a 500 g box. $70 pesos a kilo.

OK. They’re a little expensive. I’ll take a kilo…two boxes. I also need a kilo of flour.

I’ll get the flour and the eggs. Do you need a large carton?

No, just a dozen, please. I’ll get the cream and the butter.

OK, I’ll be right back.

5 minutes later:

I’m back. Are you ready?

No. I already have two bars of butter, but I need a pint of whipping cream. How much is that in cups?

I’m not sure. I think it’s about two cups.

Right! The recipe said one cup. OK, I’m ready now.

Did you find all you needed?

Yes, we did. Thank you.

That’s $170 pesos, please.

Here you go.

Your change, $30 pesos.

Thank you.

Back home:

Oh no! Look at these strawberries, they’re horrible!

Yes, most of them are small and rotten! Let’s go back to the supermarket; you paid $70 pesos for them!

Yeah, let’s go. I can’t use them to make a cake anyway!

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WORK IT OUT

I. RIGHT OR WRONG A. According to the conversation, decide if the following statements are RIGHT or WRONG.

RIGHT WRONG

1. Nancy and Alice went to the supermarket together. ______ ______

2. At the supermarket you can only find fruits of the season. ______ ______

3. Strawberries are always cheap. ______ ______

4. One pint is about half a liter. ______ ______

5. Alice gave the cashier $200 pesos. ______ ______

6. The girls started cooking when they got home. ______ ______

B. Now, practice the conversation with a partner.

II. MULTIPLE CHOICE

Nancy and Alice are back at the supermarket. A. Choose the best option to complete the conversation.

Alice: Excuse me. Can I speak to the manager, please?

Assistant: a) Can you help me?b) He’s not here now. Can I help you?c) No, you can’t.

Alice:a) I usually buy strawberries…b) I want some strawberries…c) I bought some strawberries about an hour ago…

…but most of them are rotten. Can you change them or give me my money back?

Assistant: Are you sure you bought them today?

Alice:a) No, I’m not.b) Yes, I bought them yesterday.c) Of course I’m sure. Look here’s my receipt.

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Assistant: Let’s see… you’re right. They’re not very good. Oh, I’m sorry, the expiration date is wrong. Don’t worry lady,

a) we’ll change them immediately. b) I can’t change them. c) I won’t help you. I’ll be back in a minute.

Alice: That’s better. Thank you.

B. Listen and check your answers

III. MATCHING Choose the best short answer to the questions. Match columns A and B.

A B

1. How much did Alice spend in the supermarket? ____ a) Yes, she did.

2. Is Juan’s birthday tomorrow? ____ b) At the supermarket.

3. Did Alice get good strawberries? ____ c) No, he doesn’t.

4. Are strawberries in season? ____ d) Yes, she does.

5. Does Nancy like strawberry shortcake? ____ e) $170.

6. Where did the girls go shopping? ____ f) Yes, he did.

7. Do they have classes on Friday? ____ g) To the supermarket.

8. Does Juan know about his surprise? ____ h) Yes, it is.

9. Did the assistant apologize to Alice? ____ i) No, they don’t.

10. Where can you find all kinds of fruit? ____ j) No, they aren’t.

3.2 Listen.

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IV. PAST OR PRESENTCheck if the action happened in the past or if it is habitual. Why?

PRESENT PAST1. Nancy graduated from high school a year ago. ______ ______2. Internet is really useful. ______ ______3. Last year we studied French. ______ ______4. She always goes to the gym in the afternoon. ______ ______5. The girls like strawberries. ______ ______6. The boys drank some beer. ______ ______7. They all went to the movies. ______ ______8. They don’t usually go to the market. ______ ______

9. Alice didn’t buy any chocolate. ______ ______

10. My computer broke down this morning. ______ ______

NOTE

• Remember that we use the simple present to talk about actions that are true in general, or for habitual actions.

Examples: Summer starts on June 21st. Dave usually goes shopping on weekends.

V. COMPLAINT :( OR COMPLIMENT :)Decide if the following sentences are COMPLAINTS :( or COMPLIMENTS :)

COMPLAINT :( COMPLIMENT :)

1. This wine tastes like vinegar! ______ ______

2. What a beautiful dress! ______ ______

3. This sauce is too hot for me! ______ ______

4. Your new car’s great! ______ ______

5. These grapes are really fresh! ______ ______

6. This place smells! ______ ______

7. What a messy room! ______ ______

8. I asked for fresh fruit, and this is rotten! ______ ______

9. You smell of flowers! ______ ______

10. What a clean room! ______ ______

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VI. MATCHINGA. Match the complaint or the compliment with an appropriate response.

A B

1. The music is too loud. ____ A) I’ll check it immediately.

2. This milk is sour. ____ B) I’ll get you a cold bottle.

3. This cake’s delicious. ____ C) Let me warm it up for you.

4. My coffee is cold. ____ D) I’ll get you another bowl.

5. This fork is dirty. ____ E) I’ll get you a clean one.

6. What a nice dress! ____ F) I’m glad you enjoyed the party.

7 There’s a fly in my soup. ____ G) Let me check the batteries.

8. I can’t see a thing. ____ H) We’ll cook it some more.

9. This hamburger is raw. ____ I) It cost a fortune.

10. This room is really neat. ____ J) I’ll give you another carton.

11. My cell phone is dead. ____ K) It’s my mother’s recipe.

12. I asked for a cold beer. ____ L) We cleaned it yesterday.

13. Your new car’s terrific. ____ M) It was my birthday present.

14. My computer isn’t working right. ____ N) Let me turn the lights on.

15. We had a great time. ____ O) I’ll turn it down a little.


C. Then practice the conversations with a partner.

D. Work with a partner and find a logical answer to the complaints and compliments in exercise V. Practice the conversations.

Example: A. What a clean room! B. Thank you! I worked hard to clean it.

3.3 Listen.

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VII. COMBINATION WORDSA. Underline the correct answer.

1. Is there (anything / nothing) you need?2. (Everybody / Somebody) has a boyfriend except me.3. I’m not going (anywhere / nowhere) this vacation.4. Can I get you (anything / nothing) at the store?5. No, there is (anything / nothing) I really need.

B. Fill in the blank with the correct word. Use the words in the boxes to complete the sentences

everybody / everyone somebody / someoneanybody / anyone nobody / no one

1. I can hear ______________ knocking at the door.

2. Does _________________ live in my neighborhood? I need a ride.

3. If ________________ knows the correct answer, everybody will flunk.

4. Does ___________ have to wear a uniform at school?

everything something anything nothing

5. I have _______________ to do on Friday. I am free.

6. Poor Janice, we have to do ________________ to help her.

7. ______________ he said was right. We followed his instructions and we got there perfectly well.

8. My mother wouldn’t say ______________ about his surprise birthday party.

everywhere somewhere anywhere nowhere

9. I didn’t want to go ________________ last vacation; I preferred to stay home and rest.

10. All the stores were open until midnight __________ we went.

11. I left my glasses ____________ in my office.

12. There was ______________ you could find a hotel reservation last December.

THINK

A. How many words can you form combining the words in columns A and B?

A BANY THINGSOME ONENO BODYEVERY WHERE

B. What form of the verb do you use after these words?

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VIII. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDING

(8 servings)

Strawberry shortcake is casual food. It is a delicious dessert which people enjoy eating during the summer months at backyard barbecues and other informal gatherings. The ingredients are the following.

Scone:2 cups all-purpose flour¼ cup granulated white sugar2 teaspoons baking powder1/8 teaspoon salt1/3 cup cold unsalted butter1 large egg, lightly beaten1 teaspoon pure vanilla extract½ cup light whipping cream

Egg wash:1 large egg, lightly beaten1 tablespoon cream

Filling:2 pounds (900 grams) fresh strawberries, hulled and sliced¼ cup – 1/3 cup granulated white sugar (or to taste)

Topping:1 cup (240 ml) heavy whipping cream½ teaspoon pure vanilla extract1 tablespoon granulated white sugar.

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A.The directions to prepare the strawberry shortcake are divided in three sections: scone, filling and serve. However, the instructions are all mixed up. Read the information and number the steps of each section from 1 to 5. We are giving some of them.

Scone: The mixture should look like crumbs. Whisk together the egg, cream and vanilla extract and add to the flour mixture, mixing just until the dough comes together. Do not over mix it.

1 Preheat oven to 200 degrees C. In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt. Cut the butter into small pieces and blend into the flour mixture with two knives.

5 Bake for about 15 – 20 minutes or until nicely browned and a toothpick inserted in the center of a scone comes out clean. Transfer to a wire rack.and place the scone on a baking sheet. Make an egg wash of one well-beaten egg mixed with 1 tablespoon cream and brush the tops of the scone with this mixture.Transfer to a lightly floured surface and knead the dough four or five times and roll it into a circle that is about 20 cm round and about 2.5 cm thick. With a 7cm round cookie cutter, cut out rounds,

Filling:

2 Add the remaining sliced strawberries, along with the sugar (the amount of sugar depends on how sweet the berries are).Cover and chill the bowl and beaters in the refrigerator for at least 30 minutes. When chilled, beat the mixture until stiff peaks form. The whipped cream will hold for several hours in the refrigerator.

4 For whipped cream: In a large mixing bowl place the whipping cream, vanilla extract and sugar and stir to combine.

Set aside to macerate at room temperature for about 30 to 60 minutes.

Wash and slice the strawberries. Place about one third of the strawberries in a large bowl and crush them with a potato masher or fork.

Serve:If there is any juice from the strawberries, drizzle a little over the top of the scone. Serve immediately.

Cut the scone in half and place the bottom half of the scone (soft side up) on a dessert plate.

Top with whipped cream and a few more strawberries.

Top with some of the strawberries and whipped cream.

3 Place the top half of the scone on the strawberries.

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B. After checking your answers, you can fill in the following box to have your recipe in order.

Steps Scone Filling Serve

1

Preheat oven to 200 degrees C. In a large bowl, whisk together the flour, sugar, baking powder and salt. Cut the butter into small pieces and blend into the flour mixture with two knives.

2Add the remaining sliced strawberries, along with the sugar (the amount of sugar depends on how sweet the berries are).

3 Place the top half of the scone on the strawberries.

4For whipped cream: In a large mixing bowl place the whipping cream, vanilla extract and sugar and stir to combine.

5

Bake for about 15 – 20 minutes or until nicely browned and a toothpick inserted in the center of the scone comes out clean. Transfer to a wire rack.

PROVERB

RHYME

I know you worked hard, but it’s worth it!“All’s well that ends well!”

3.4 Listen

All’s well that ends well .

Pat-a-cake,pat-a-cake,baker‟sman,Bake me a cake as fast as you can;Pat it and prick it, and mark it with B,

And put it in the oven for baby and me.

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TRY IT OUT

I. PRONUNCIATIONA. “Could” and “Would” tend to be reduced when pronounced. Write “C” or “W” in the spaces as you listen to the sentences.

1. _________ Joey and Sam like beer? 2. When __________ you go on vacation? 3. __________ you go with me to the party tomorrow night?4. Where __________ Sharon be? 5. __________ you like a cigarette? 6. Who __________ drive to California? 7. My parents __________ take us to the course.8. What __________ you do in that situation? 9. __________ you like coffee or mint tea?10. When __________ he give me an appointment?

B. Read these sentences to a partner. Remember to reduce less important function words and to stress the first word of a compound noun.

1. When could you go to the White House? 2. How would you like your cheeseburger? 3. Don’t make the lemonade too sweet! 4. What could he see at the seashore? 5. I would like some ice-cream.6. Could I have your pencil sharpener? 7. What do you think of the English teacher? 8. I don’t know where my car keys are. 9. Could you pick up some hot dogs on your way home? 10. Where did you get those earrings?

C. Practice with a partner this tongue twister.

How much wood could a woodchuck chuck,If a woodchuck could chuck wood?He’d chuck all the wood that a woodchuck could,If a woodchuck could chuck wood.

3.5 Listen

3.6 Listen

II. SOME / ANY (ORAL PRACTICE)

NOTE:

Use “some” for plural and uncountable nouns in affirmative sentences.Use “any” for plural and uncountable nouns in negatives and questions.

A. Read the following dialogue with a partner.

A. Could you help me please? B. Sure.A. Do you have any glasses? B. No. We don’t have any glasses, but we have some cups.

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B. Use the pictures below to practice the previous dialogue with a partner.

glasses cups cats dogs

agendas notebooks burgers hot dogs

tacos enchiladas books magazines

cigarettes

cigars

cookies crackets

roses carnations postcards

posters

pens pencils shoes sandals

computers laptops telephones cellphones

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III. DIALOGUE PRACTICE A. Ask and answer these questions in small groups.

1. Do you like going to the market? 2. How often do you go to the supermarket? 3. How much do you spend on groceries every week?

B. Do you know prices of food supplies? How much is a liter of milk in your country? Write down the prices of the following products, and then use the information to ask questions with How much is_______? Look at the example.

Example: A. How much is a can of soda? B. It is $6.00 pesos.

Product Price Product PriceA tube of toothpaste A can of soda

A package of cigarettes A loaf of bread

A pound of tomatoes A bottle of shampoo

A kilogram of mangos A jar of jam

A bottle of water A box of matches

A bar of butter A packet of noodles

A carton of juice A slice of pizza

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C. Read the following dialogues. With a partner, create new dialogues using the previous information. Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

Example:A. I’d like some apples, please. B. Here you are. A. How much are they? B. Twenty four pesos a kilogram.

or

A.I´d like some apples, please. B.I don’t have any apples today. A.Well, then give me some mangos. B.Of course. Here you are. A.How much are they? B.$13.00 pesos a kilogram.

Mango $13 Apple $24 Starfruit $22 Tangerine $9.90

Pear $17 Blackberry $30 Orange $5.50 Kiwi $40

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D. You are going to the supermarket to buy your groceries for the week. Look at the pictures and talk to a partner. Say, for example, how much sugar or how many apples you have.

Example: A. How much milk do we have?B. We have some (milk), but not much.

or

A. How many apples do we have?B.We have some (apples), but not many.

Milk

Bread

Apples

Strawberries

Sugar

Flour

Butter

Cookies

Oil

Oranges

Eggs

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NOTE

• We use much with uncountable nouns in questions and negatives.Examples: How much sugar is there?

There isn’t much sugar.

• We use many with countable nouns in questions and negatives. Examples: How many oranges are there? There aren’t many oranges.

IV. AT THE MARKETA. Do you know these words?

lime / plum / cantaloupe / chops / clams / crabmeat / cabbagewatercress / celery / eggplant / beet / fig / lamb / oyster / grapefruit

B. Write 10 logical sentences using some of the words from the box above.

1. ___________________________________________________________________2. ___________________________________________________________________3. ___________________________________________________________________4. ___________________________________________________________________5. ___________________________________________________________________6. ___________________________________________________________________7. ___________________________________________________________________8. ___________________________________________________________________9. ___________________________________________________________________10. ___________________________________________________________________

V. DICTATION

Write down what you hear.

1. ___________________________________________________________________

2. ___________________________________________________________________

3. ___________________________________________________________________

4. ___________________________________________________________________

5. ___________________________________________________________________

3.7 Listen

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VI. PARAGRAPH COMPLETION A. Discuss these questions with a partner.

1. Do you like going out for coffee and dessert? 2. Where do you generally buy desserts?

B. Fill in the spaces with the words from the box.

teenagers / popular / worked / small / otherhigh / where / sorrows / owner / children

The Soda Fountain is a 1) _______________, popular ice-cream place 2) __________teenagers meet after school. It was built in 1945. It is older than the 3) __________fast food places in town, but it’s also more 4) __________. Mr. White is the 5) __________of The Soda Fountain and he is very popular with the 6) __________school kids. He is 63 years old and has 7) __________at the same place for fifty years. He has no 8) __________________of his own, but considers all the 9) __________in town “his children”. They go to him with their problems, joys and 10) __________. Kids call him and his wife “Grandpa” and “Grandma”.

C. Listen and check your answers.

3.8 Listen

VII. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA. With a partner, ask and answer questions about the things Alice has in her kitchen. Make negative sentences too.

Example: A. Is there any fruit in the kitchen?B. Yes, there is.A. Where is it? B. It´s on the table.

or

A. Are there any plants in the kitchen? B. No, there aren´t.

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ALICE’S KITCHEN

B. Do you know these words?

fork spoon knife rug cabinet fridge garbage cansink oven saucer saucepan colander blender

ice tray rolling pin teakettle broiler

C. Draw a picture of your favorite room in your house, and write 10 sentences using There is (not) or There are (not).

1. _________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

3. _________________________________________________________________

4. _________________________________________________________________

5. _________________________________________________________________

6. _________________________________________________________________

7. _________________________________________________________________

8. _________________________________________________________________

9. _________________________________________________________________

10. _________________________________________________________________

PROVERB

RHYME

SneezeonMonday,sneezefordanger;SneezeonTuesday,kissastranger;SneezeonWednesday,getaletter;

SneezeonThursday,somethingbetter;SneezeonFriday,sneezeforsorrow;SneezeonSaturday,joytomorrow.

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VIII. ORAL PRACTICEA. Ask and answer these questions with a partner.

1. What’s the most common place to buy groceries in Mexico? 2. How much does a family spend weekly on groceries? 3. Where do you prefer to buy groceries, in a street market or in a supermarket?

B. Alice and her friend Nancy are talking about shopping near their house. Make similar conversations using the places in the box.

Stationery store Organic products shop Beauty shopMovies Hardware store Super marketDrug store Soda fountain Pizza parlourBookshop Pub CafeteríaGas station Library Bank

Example: Alice: I went downtown this morning. Nancy: What did you do there? Alice: I went to the bookstore. Nancy: What did you buy (get)? Alice: I bought (got) some bookmarks.

3.9 Listen

They neglected their problems for so long, and now

“the chickens are coming home to roost.”

The chickens are coming home to roost.

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POLISH IT UPI. SOME VS. ANY

A. Choose the correct option to complete the sentences.

1. I don’t want any / some water. I’m not thirsty.2. There are some / any guys waiting for you.3. Could I have any / some napkins?4. Do you play some / any sport?5. There isn’t any / some food left.

B. Complete the following sentences with some or any.

1. There are _______________ cookies in the cabinet.2. I have _______________ friends coming over.3. I’d like _______________ cold water.4. I don’t have _______________ money today.5. There isn’t _______________ milk left.6. Eva can’t find _______________ information for her research.7. Lucy has _______________ friends living in Canada.8. She doesn’t do _______________ homework.9. Would you like _______________ beer?10. Do you have _______________ money I can borrow?11. Does your sister want _______________ pizza?12. Please give me _______________ coffee.13. I don’t eat _______________ meat. I’m vegetarian.14. She’s not eating _______________ rice.15. Are there _______________ cookies in the cabinet?

C. Choose the correct article to complete the sentences

1. I can see a / an university from here.2. There is a / an hotel around the corner.3. We still have an / a hour left to go home.4. I met a / an NFL player at the stadium.5. There is a / an European girl in our classroom.

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D. Count nouns. Use some, any, a, or an in the spaces.

1. Please give me _________ spoon, _________ knife and _________ fork.2. Could you give me _________ spoons, knives and forks?3. I don’t have _________ spoons, knives and forks.4. Please give me _________ banana, _________ grapes and _________ apple.5. I didn’t buy _________ fruit because I forgot to take money with me.6. The pianist is playing _________ song.7. The pianist is playing _________ popular songs.8. The pianist isn’t playing _________ famous songs.9. I have _________ computer in my house and _________ CDs.10. We need _________ gas, but we don’t have _________ money.

II. HOW MUCH?

A. Look at the picture and write a question using “How much?”

Examples: A) How much is an apple? A) How much are the apples? B) It‟s 60 cents. B) They are 2 dollars a kilo.

________________________________? It’s 20 cents.

________________________________? They are 5 dollars and 80 cents.

________________________________? It’s 80 cents.

_______________________________? They’re 5 dollars.

__________________________________? It’s 12 dollars and 50 cents.

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B. Complete the following dialogs with much, many, a little, a few, some, or a lot of.

NOTE

Remember the following:The words much, many, a little, a few, a lot of, and some

tell you how much there is of something.They are quantifiers.

• Much is used with uncountable nouns, and usually in negative statements and questions;.• A little is used in positive statements.• Many is used with plural countable nouns, and usually in questions and negative statements.• A few is used in positive statements.• Some and a lot of are used with both countable and uncountable nouns in negative and positive statements, and in questions.

a) How ________ milk did you buy?

b) I bought ______ (milk), but not ________.

a) How ________ pears did you buy?

b) I bought ________ (pears), but not ________.

a) Do you have any salt?

b) Oh, yes. There is ________ salt in the pantry.

a) How ________ sugar will you use?

b) Just ________.

a) How ________ students do you have in your classroom?

b) Just ________.

a) Do you have enough sodas for the party?

b) Well, Eddy said he’ll bring ________ sodas. So, yes we’ll have enough.

a) How ________ oranges do you need to buy?

b) Just a ________. But I’ll buy ________ grapes; I love them!

a) I don’t have any pepper. Could you buy me ________?

b) Yes, of course. How ________ do you need

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III. PAST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERSA. Use the word and picture cues to form questions and answers in the past.

Example:

(buy) – ? .

1. (see) _________________________________? _________________________________.

2. (watch) _______________________________? _______________________________.

3. (buy) ___________________________________? ___________________________________.

4. (play) __________________________________ ? ___________________________________.

5. (do) __________________________________ ? ___________________________________.

B. Conversation

There has been a party, and you want to thank everyone for all the things they brought.

With a classmate, make a list of all the people who broughtthings for the party.

Example: a) What did John bring?b) He brought some sodas / some chips / etc. orb) He didn’t bring anything, but he helped us a lot. You can use: napkins, chips, music, plain water, food (any kind), mariachis, etc.

PROVERB

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IV. WORD ORDER

Put these words in order to make sentences or questions.

1. a / of/ I’ll / kilo / strawberries / take / please /. _____________________________________________________________________________________2. you / give / some / could / me / please / bananas/? _____________________________________________________________________________________3. goes / the / she / to / Fridays / on / never / market /. ______________________________________________________________________________________4. a / in / hamburger / there’s / my / cockroach / ! ______________________________________________________________________________________5. tacos / my / want / I / don’t / cream / any / with / ______________________________________________________________________________________

3.10 Listen

He’s really nice, even though he pretends to be a tough guy.

After all, “a leopard cannot change its spots.”

A leopard cannot change its spots.

RHYME

Littlefishesinabrook,Fathercaughtthemonahook,Motherfriedtheminapan,

Johnny eats them like a man.

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V. WORD FORMATIONDo you remember how to combine the words below? Write down as many combinations as possible.

Example: every + thing = everything

EVERY THING

ANY BODY

SOME ONE

NO WHERE

VI. FAVORS NOTE:

SEE B-3The modals could and would are commonly used to ask a favor to another person.

A. Change the following imperatives to polite requests with Could you please….?

Example: Open the door. –Could you please open the door?

1. Close the window. __________________________________________2. Be quiet. __________________________________________3. Turn on the lights. __________________________________________4. Turn off the radio. __________________________________________5. Sit down. __________________________________________

Now do the same using Would you please…?

1. Speak slowly. __________________________________________2. Buy me some chocolates. ______________________________________3. Lend me some money. ________________________________________4. Give me a cigarette. __________________________________________5. Clean up the mess. __________________________________________

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B. Would like is a polite form to ask for something you want. Write a complete request using the information below. See the example.

Would is contracted many times as ‘d.Example: some pop-corn –I’d like some pop corn.

1. a coke ______________________________________2. a hamburger ______________________________________3. two hot dogs ______________________________________4. three tacos ______________________________________5. some ice cream ______________________________________6. a corn dog ______________________________________

C. What would you like right now?

NOTE

Would you like…? is a polite form of saying Do you want…?

Go around the classroom and ask each one of your classmates what they would like to do in this moment. Write a check mark ( ) on the “yes” answers or on the “no” answers.

Example: a) Would you like …..?b) Yes, I’d like …… / No, not really. I wouldn’t like…

WHAT? YES NO

1. to be in Cancún

2. to go to the movies

3. to be with your sweetheart

4. to have dinner

5. to be traveling around the world

6. to be at home

7. (Add something else)

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D. Will have or Will take is an expression used frequently when buying things.

Ask for the following items.

Example: a salami pizza –I’ll have / I’ll take a salami pizza.

1. two cups of coffee _____________________________________

2. a cheeseburger ______________________________________

3. two chocolate milk shakes ______________________________________

4. some french fries _______________________________________

5. a green salad ______________________________________

6. a corn dog ______________________________________

7. a Ceasar salad with vinaigrette ______________________________________

8. a meat ball sandwich _____________________________________

9. an orange soda ______________________________________

10. an apple pie _______________________________________

VII. VIEWING, READING AND RESPONDINGA. Do it yourself.RECIPES

Read the list of ingredients for the two cakes.

2 cups sugar½ cup oil½ cup butter4 eggs5 or 6 mashed ripe bananas1 ½ teaspoon baking soda½ teaspoon salt1 ½ teaspoon ground cloves2 teaspoons cinnamon3 cups flour2 cups chopped nuts

2 cups sugar½ cup oil4 eggs2 cups cooked mashed pumpkin2 teaspoons baking powder1 teaspoon salt½ teaspoon ground cloves3 teaspoons cinnamon2 cups flour½ cup chopped nuts

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B. Comprehension check

a). Check ( ) the correct answer.

Banana cake Pumpkin cake

1. Which cake needs more baking soda?

2. Which cake needs less salt?

3. Which cake needs more cloves?

4. Which cake needs less cinnamon?

5. Which cake needs more flour?

6. Which cake needs less nuts?

7. Which cake doesn’t need any baking powder?

8. Which cake needs some butter?

9. Which cake needs more ingredients?

10. Which cake doesn’t need any milk?

b). Same amount

Write down the ingredients that are the same in both cakes (same amount), and the ones that are different.

SAME AMOUNT DIFFERENT AMOUNT

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D. Writing instructions.Now, write your own instructions for making the banana cake. Use the previous instructions as a model.

E. Following instructions

• Who volunteers for the following activities? 1) Give a cake recipe. 2) Explain how to make it.

C. Logical sequence

_____ Then mix the flour, baking powder, salt, cinnamon and cloves together._____ If desired, frost the cake with cream cheese frosting._____ Next, add the eggs and beat until fluffy._____ Then, beat the flour mixture into the creamed mixture alternating with the mashed pumpkin._____ First, cream the oil and sugar until light._____ Next, add the chopped nuts to the batter._____ Finally, turn the batter into the well greased cake pan and bake at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for about 40 minutes.

Rank the instructions, in a logical order (from 1 to 7), for making the pumpkin cake.

3.11 Listen

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WRAP IT UP

I. MEMORY GAME SEE A-3

Look at the exhibit of familiar objects on the teacher’s desk. Then, with your partner, play the memory game.

One of you sits with his / her back to the exhibit and asks questions with: –“Are there any______?” Or, –“How many ____ are there?”

The teacher will change the exhibit a few times.

II. HIDDEN WORDSFind these words in the square below: vertical (upwards or downwards), and horizontal (frontwards or backwards). Circle the words.

1. A place to keep things in (kitchen).2. A piece of furniture you eat at.3. Citrus ___________.4. You need this ingredient for cakes.5. An abbreviation for “representative”.6. A semiprecious stone – usually white.7. A conjunction.8. A modal word-past of “can”.9. Something that you have on windows.10. Ineed___________flourandeggs.11. We don’t have ___________ apples today.12. I was ___________ in Mexico City.13. A modal that indicates future possibility.14. At night when it’s dark we need to use ___________ (pl).

S N I A T R U C Z B

O G N I H T Y N A U

M I G H T F R U I T

E R T A B L E F T R

T M E L Q O P A L E

W O N K M U C H I T

Z N I O U R X M G S

N F B O R N L Z H A

Y N A D L U O W T O

N E C O U L D R S T

F L M U E R E V E N

15. How ___________ is it? It’s $140.00.16. Do you need ___________ at the store?.17. I don’t ___________ the new teacher.18. Something you put bread into.19. ___________ you like coffee with or without cream?.20. I ___________ play the piano.

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III. WORD ORDERWrite the sentences, in the correct order, in the spaces provided

1. to / now / would / like / dessert / or / you / order / later / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 2. to / I / prefer / to / a / movie / would / go /. ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. take / yesterday / did / Mary / to / Jesus / dinner / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. didn’t / her / last / she / take / exam / week / . ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. doesn’t / wear / every / Maggie / to / to / like / sweaters / school / day / . ____________________________________________________________________________ 6. river / longest / the / the / in / is / river / the / U.S.A. / Mississippi /. ____________________________________________________________________________ 7. did / spend / summer / where / the / you / year / last / ? ____________________________________________________________________________ 8. usually / Brad / a / of / doesn’t / beer / lot / drink /. ____________________________________________________________________________ 9. Manuel / study / geography / didn’t / his / for / exam /. ____________________________________________________________________________ 10. have / does / exam / what / she / history / her / time / ? ____________________________________________________________________________

IV. PICTURE STORYA. Create a story that can be shown in four episodes or pictures. There has to be a sequence among them. Your drawings don’t have to be perfect, so don’t worry if you are not an artist!

You’ll need the following: a) Characters (people and / or animals)b) Context (place, time and situation)c) Story (what and why)

Picture 1 Picture 2

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Picture 3 Picture 4

B. ConversationTell your own story sequences in the present tense to your partner. Then, listen to your partner’s story.

This is just an example of how you can tell a story in present tense:

Picture 1. There is a couple in front of a shoe store; the woman, wearing a dress, is pointing to her tennis shoes, and she is saying something to her husband. Both look worried.

Picture 2. The man buys a beautiful pair of high-heel shoes for his wife. She is now wearing them, and she looks really happy! The shoe store clerk puts her tennis shoes in a box.

Picture 3. They leave the shoe store, and suddenly it starts torain! They both look shocked!

Picture 4. The couple is walking on the sidewalk; it is raining hard, but the woman looks happy because her newshoes are not getting wet. She’s wearing her oldtennis shoes again! The man is walking behind her, andhelooksbaffled

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C. Exchange your picture story with a different classmate, and write down two questions about each picture you see. Don’t forget to use the question words: where, why, what, who, when, and any other you may need!

Who______________________________________ ?Where____________________________________ ?What_____________________________________ ?Why______________________________________?How______________________________________?When_____________________________________?

D. Conversation

Now, do the following: 1) Ask these questions to your classmate, and be ready to answer your classmate’s questions. 2) Tell your story to a different classmate, but this time use the past tense! Reminder of past tense forms:

SEE B-1 AND B-2

E. Exchange your picture story with another classmate and write a narrative about your classmate’s story in the past tense.

Examples: Who are they? What are they doing?Where are they? Why are they doing that? What’s the weather like? Etc.

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V. ERROR IDENTIFICATIONThere are some mistakes in the following sentences. Correct each one of them in the space provided.

1. The father of Juan is a architect famous. __________________________________________________________________________

2. Does Ricardo drives a car or comes to school on the bus? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. The last wednesday, I had a awful accident. __________________________________________________________________________

4. You didn’t went to the movies, and I didn’t too. __________________________________________________________________________

5. The Rio Grande is longest that the Rio Bravo. __________________________________________________________________________

6. Did Jorge got up early yesterday morning? __________________________________________________________________________

7. Does she has an appointment tonight? __________________________________________________________________________

8. The teacher don’t know the middle name of Alice. __________________________________________________________________________

9. I don’t want no hot dogs because I prefers the hamburgers. __________________________________________________________________________

10. There aren’t some apples in the store. You only can get the bananas. _________________________________________________________________________

PROVERB

Be careful not to destroy the source of your income or welfare.

Remember that it’s “better to drink the milk than to eat the cow.”

Better to drink the milk than to eat the cow.

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VI. CAMPING OUT A. Conversation

Talk with two or three partners about the topic of camping. •Doyouthinkyouwouldlikecamping?•Wheredoyouthinkyouwouldliketocamp?•Whatwouldyoudowhenyouwerecamping?Take some notes. Write down what you liked the most about your partner’s opinions. Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

B. Look at the pictures below. Are there any differences between these two camping styles? Which one is more exciting? Which one is safer? Tell your partner which one you like better. Give reasons.

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C.Usethenotesyoutookinthefirstexerciseandwriteashortparagraphdescribingacampingexperience where everything went wrong. You may use the pictures, too

VII. DICTATIONListen to the information and write it down. Don’t forget to punctuate it correctly.

1. ____________________________________________________________________

2. ____________________________________________________________________

3. ____________________________________________________________________

4. ____________________________________________________________________

5. ____________________________________________________________________

3.12 Listen

VIII. PLANNINGA. Conversation

1) You and a classmate are planning: a) a camping trip or b) a party on Saturday night.

2) Make a list of the things you two need to buy or to take to the activity, and divide them into the 3 columns below.

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NON COUNTABLENOUNS

SINGULARCOUNTABLE NOUNS

PLURAL COUNTABLE NOUNS

B. Based on your list, make sentences using some, a, an, any, a lot of, a little, a few, as shown in the example.Writeaffirmativeandnegativesentences.

Example: We need some matches Example: We don’t need any sugar.

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IX. ITOLIONI’S OR CHATO’S A. Listen to the description of the two restaurants and write characteristics of the each one of them, next to the pictures

1.

2.

3.13 Listen

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B. Conversation

Compare your notes with a partner and discuss which restaurant is better. In the end, you have to agree on one of the restaurants.

C. Based on your notes, write a paragraph comparing Itolioni’s and Chato’s.

D. Go to page 138 to continue with extra activities.

PROVERB

He never helps his mother! He thinks that everybody else is more important than her.

Doesn’t he know that “charity begins at home”?

Charity begins at home.

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PROVERB3.14 Listen

3.15 Listen

RHYME

TONGUE TWISTER

Hey, diddle, diddle!The cat and the fiddle,

The cow jumped over the moon;The little dog laughed

To see such sport, And the dish ran away with the spoon.

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,But Moses supposes erroneously,

For nobody’s toeses are posies of roses,As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

Bobby Shaftoe’s gone to sea, With silver buckles on his knee: He’ll come back and marry me,

Pretty Bobby Shaftoe! Bobby Shaftoe’s fat and fair,

Combing down his yellow hair; He’s my love for evermore,

Pretty Bobby Shaftoe

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FUNCTIONS STRUCTURE LANGUAGE

Ask for and give (offer) service.

Modals Could Would

SomeAffirmative QuestionAny Negative Question

How much is it?How much are they?

How much _____?a lota little not muchHow many _____?a lota fewnot many

Could I help you?Do you need anything?Do you have any ______?What would you like to drink?I’d like I’ll have a beer.I’ll take

There is some milk in the bottle.Would you like some coffee?

There isn’t any sugar.Are there any oranges?

It’s That’ll be $35.00That’sThey are

How much sugar is there?There is a lot / a little.There isn’t much.

How many apples are there?There are a lot / a few.There aren’t many.

Tell about past events.

Did (negative and questions)

-ed ending for regular verbsIrregular past tense verbs

I didn’t get a taxi.Did you buy anything at the store?

I studied for an exam.I went to a restaurant.

Complain about service “too” negative connotation This coffee is too hot.Thereisaflyinmysoup

Offer apologies I’m sorry.

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VOCABULARY

Nouns

Food and beverages

Fruit and vegetables

Kitchen furniture and appliances Public buildings

beerbutterchopsclamscrabeggsflourlamb milk shakeoystershortcakesodawhipping cream

apple(s)banana(s)beetcabbagecantaloupeceleryeggplantfiggrapefruitlemon(s)limemango(s)orange(s)pear(s)plumstrawberry(ies)watercresswatermelon(s)

blenderbroilercabinet colanderforkfridgegarbage canice trayknifeovenrolling pinsaucepansaucer sink spoonteakettle

bankbeauty shopbookshopcafeteriadrug storegas stationhardware storelibrary moviesorganic products shoppizza parlourpubsoda fountainstationery storesuper market

Verbs and modals Adjectives Indefinite pronouns Quantifiers and other words

buy (bought)couldfall (fell)movesmelltaste(there) is / are would

dirtyexpensivehorribleloudrancidrarerawriperottensourspicywell-done

everybody/everyone somebody/someoneanybody/anyonenobody/no one everythingsomethinganythingnothing

everywheresomewhereanywherenowhere

a lotsomeanyHow much?How many?too

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UNIT 1 EXTRA ACTIVITIES

1. Go back to page 20 in your book and reread the information about Mixquic. If necessary, ask a senior citizen how the Day of the Dead and All Saints’ Day celebrations have changed over the past years in Mexico.

2. Read the following text.

Taken and adapted from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween

Trick or Treating on Halloween

Trick-or-treating resembles an old medieval practice in which poor people would go from door to door on Hallowmas (November 1), receiving food in return for prayers for the dead on All Souls Day (November 2). Although Halloween originated in Ireland and Britain, similar practices for the souls of the dead were found as far south as Italy. The custom of wearing costumes and masks at Halloween goes back to Celtic traditions.In North America, trick-or-treating has been a customary Halloween tradition since at least the late 1950s. Homeowners wishing to participate in it usually decorate their private entrance with plastic spider webs, paper skeletons and jack-o-lanterns. Some rather reluctant homeowners simply leave the candy in pots on the porch; others might be more participative and will even ask an effort from the children in order to provide them with candy. In the more recent years, however, the practice has spread to almost any house within a neighborhood being visited by children, including senior residences and condominiums.Nowadays, trick-or-treating is a customary practice for children on Halloween seen in many countries. Children in costumes, either in large groups or accompanied by an adult, travel from house to house in order to ask for treats such as candy (or, in some cultures, money) with the question “Trick or treat?”. The “trick” is a (usually idle) threat to perform mischief on the homeowners or their property if no treat is given.The North American custom of saying “trick or treat” has recently become common. The activity is prevalent in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, Puerto Rico, and northwestern and central Mexico. In the latter, this practice is called calaverita (Spanish for “little skull”), and instead of “trick or treat”, the children ask ¿me da mi calaverita? (“Can you give me my little skull?”); where a calaverita is a small skull made of sugar or chocolate.

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3. Use the chart to write down similarities and differences between the two celebrations. You can ask your teacherorsurfthenettofindoutmoreaboutthem.

HALLOWEEN IN THE UNITED STATES VS. THE DAY OF THE DEAD AND ALL SAINTS’ DAY IN MÉXICO

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

4. With a partner, rehearse a conversation about the way your family celebrates the DayoftheDeadandAllSaints’Day,andhowourtraditionhasbeeninfluencedbythe American practices. Your teacher will ask some of you to present your conversation to the whole class.

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1. Read the following information about Christmas.

2.Workinpairstoanswerthefollowingquestions.Whenyoufinish,bereadytopresent your conversation to the class. Remember you can use “What about you?” if you don’t want to repeat the same question.

1. How do you celebrate Christmas? __________________________________________________________________________

2.Who do you usually spend Christmas with? __________________________________________________________________________ 3. What do you usually have for Christmas dinner? __________________________________________________________________________

4. Do you get presents on Christmas? __________________________________________________________________________

5. What do you usually get? __________________________________________________________________________

6. Do you give a present to somebody? __________________________________________________________________________

Although Christmas is one of the biggest celebrations for the people belonging to the Christian faith, people from other religions also celebrate it. With the world becoming a global village, Christmas is now celebrated in many countries around the world. Caroling, feasting, and gift-giving along with the prayers and wishes, Christmas is celebrated in various parts of the world. The ways to celebrate it, the dates and the traditions may vary from place to place or from family to family, but the spirit remains the same everywhere. While most of us celebrate it as a festive season spreading over a week, for some it is a month long festival that starts with the Advent on the Sunday closest to November 26 and ends on January 6 with the feast of Epiphany. In Mexico, for example, posadas start on the 16th of December and festivities continue up to the Three Wise Men’s Day on the 6th of January. In the past, Mexican children used to get presents only on the 6th of January, but now they also get presents on Christmas.

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7. Do you ever go away for vacation during the Christmas season? __________________________________________________________________________

8. Do you go out with your family or your friends? __________________________________________________________________________

3.Takealookatthefollowingwebsites(orothers)tofindoutaboutdifferentwaysinwhichpeoplecelebrate Christmas around the world. Choose the two or three different ways you would like to celebrate Christmas.

Christmas Celebration Around the World http://www.theholidayspot.com/christmas/worldxmas/ Christmas Around the World http://www.soon.org.uk/country/christmas.htm Christmas Around the World http://www.the-north-pole.com/around/

4.WorkwithapartnertofindoutabouttheinformationyoubothgotaboutChristmasaround the world, and tell your partner how you would like to celebrate Christmas from now on. Rehearse a conversation asking questions to each other and answering them. Your teacher will ask you both to perform your conversation in front of the class.

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1. What do you like to do on your birthday? Do you like to have a birthday cake? A birthday party? Who gets the best birthday party in your family? Why? Discuss the previous questions with a partner.

2. After telling your partner who gets the best birthday party in your amily, tell him/her how you celebrate it.

Ask and answer questions to each other to get to know all the information about the best birthday party in your family.

For example, last Sunday we celebrated my mother’s 84th birthday. We are seven siblings, ten grandchildren, and four great-grandchildren; but a sister and her husband live in Holland, and a nephew and his wife and daughter live in London, so they weren´t with us. They always phone to congratulate her, even though they can’t be with her. We usually get together at my mom’s house or go to a restaurant for lunch. Last Sunday, we were at my mom’s and each family brought one or two dishes to share with the rest of the families. We also invited some friends and relatives, and a group of mariachis played Mexican music, so we were singing and dancing. Mom’s party started at 2:00 p.m. and was over at 11:00 p.m. because we had to work on Monday.

Look at the sample conversation below, complete it, and carry out a similar one with your partner. A. Who gets the best birthday party in your family? B. My mother. A. Why? B. Because she is the oldest in our family, and we all want to celebrate her birthday. A. When was her last birthday? B. Last Sunday. A. etc., etc.

Now A will talk about the person who gets the best birthday party in his/her family. B will ask A who, why, when, how, what time, etc., etc.,

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questions.Whenyoufinish,AwillaskquestionstoBaboutthepersonwhogetsthebestbirthdaypartyinhis/her family, and B will answer the questions. Your teacher will ask some of you to role-play your conversation in front of the class.

3. Do you know how birthdays are celebrated in other countries? You can read the following web sites (or others)tofindoutaboutit.Afterreadingtheinformation,choosethetwoorthreenewwaysyoulikebesttocelebrate a birthday.

Traditions from Around the World, how Birthdays are celebrated. www.birthdaycelebrations.net/traditions.htm

Birthday Traditions From Around the World - Kids Parties Connection http:/kidsparties.com/tradition.htm Birthday Traditions in Different Countries http://wellnessways.aces.illinois.edu/pdf/ho_BirthdayCelebrations.pdf

4.Workwithapartnertofindoutabouttheinformationyoubothgot,andtellyourpartner how you would like to celebrate your next birthday. Rehearse a conversation asking questions to each other and answering them. Your teacher will ask you both to present your conversation in front of the class.

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APPENDICES ABC

APPENDIX A

A1. ORDINAL NUMBERS

1st–first 10th – tenth2nd – second 11th – eleventh3rd – third 12th – twelfth4th – fourth 13th – thirteenth5th–fifth 21st–twentyfirst6th – sixth 22nd – twenty second7th – seventh 23rd – twenty third8th – eighth 24th – twenty fourth*9th – ninth

A2. COUNT / NONCOUNT NOUNSA. Compare Count and Non-Count Nouns with their Spanish equivalents. What similarities and differences do you notice between non-count and plural count- nouns?

ENGLISH SPANISHCount Nouns

Singular

1 chairA chair

Plural

chairs

6 chairssome chairs

neg. + any chairs

Non-count Nouns

water

some water

neg. + any water

Contables

Singular

una sillauna silla

Plural

sillas

6 sillasalgunas sillas

nada de sillas

No Contables

agua algo de agua

(neg.) nada de agua

a) *Allordinalnumbersexcept“first,second, third” end in “-th”.b) When saying dates out loud, you must use ordinal numbers. (They are not necessary when writing dates).

EXAMPLE:April 3, 2010, YOU SAY: April third two thousand eleven.c) Ordinal numbers are used for street names: Calle Uno – 1st St. Calle Dos – 2nd St., etc.

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- The majority of nouns in English are countable: i.e. they have singular and plural forms.

Example: a pencil – two pencils

- Many nouns in English are not countable. What they represent cannot be considered in separable units. Words that are not countable include: a) Abstract nouns: freedom, intelligence, love, knowledge. b) Nouns representing substances in general: water, oil, rice, food, gold.

- Uncountable nouns do not have a plural form. However, many can be made countable, but chang the meaning of the word.

EXAMPLES:COUNTABLE

The folk arts in Mexico are beautiful.I did a report on the lives of 3 men.I drank 5 beers last night.The fruits in the market were fresh today.Where are my papers?

NON-COUNTABLE

Art is an imitation of life.Life is a gift of God.Cold beer tastes good.I bought a lot of fruit.Paper is scarce.

A3. THERE IS / THERE ARE

A. If you want to mention things that exist, you use there is or there are as an introduction for what you are going to mention.

There is for singular: There are for plural:There is just one chair in the room. There are three chairs in the room.There’s just one chair in the room. (There are has no contraction form.)

There is for non-countable things:There is some milk in the fridge.There’s some milk in the fridge.

B. Ifyouwanttosaythatsomethingdoesn’texistinaspecificplace,youdothefollowing:

There is not a burglar outside. There are not burglars outside.There isn’t a burglar outside. There are no burglars outside. There’s not a burglar outside. There aren’t burglars outside. (The negative has contraction form.)

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C.Ifyouwanttoemphasizethataspecificthing doesn’t exist at all (zero), you can use any.

There is not any single person in the place.There isn’t any sugar on the table. (Non-countable things)There isn’t any guard at the door.

There are not any schools in that town.There aren’t any teachers in that school.

D. If you want to ask someone whether somethingexistsinaspecificplace,youchangetheorderof the words.

Is there a useful book in the library? (singular)

Are there any napkins?

(use any with plural)

Is there any information we can use? (use any with non-countable nouns)

E. If you want to know the number of items or people that exist, you use how many.

Countable nouns (use the plural form):How many pencils are there?How many people are there in the building?How many students are there in the classroom?

F. You can use there is / there are in all forms of tenses:

There will be rain tomorrow.

There was a little girl in the park.There were so many happy people!

There have been several earthquakes.There might be a good friend to meet you.Etc.

A4. QUANTITY EXPRESSIONS: A LOT OF / MANY / MUCH1. A lot of

When you want to refer to a big quantity of things you use “a lot of”. You can use it with Count or Non-count nouns.

For example:COUNTABLE NOUNS NON-COUNTABLE NOUNS

There are a lot of good public schools in Mexico.* Use the plural form of “to be” with countable nouns

There is a lot of trafficinMexicoCityonweekdays.* Use the singular form of “to be” with non-countable nouns

2. Many / much

A. When you want to refer to a small quantity emphasizing the fact that a bigger quantity is desired you use “many” or “much” in negative.

Example:

COUNTABLE NOUNS NON-COUNTABLE NOUNSThere aren´t many parking spaces in the city center.(More parking spaces are needed)

There isn´t much flourtomakepancakesforbreakfast.(Moreflourisneededforthepancakes.)

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B. When you want to ask what number of things there are or amount of something there is you use “how many” or “how much”.

Example:COUNTABLE NOUNS NON-COUNTABLE NOUNS

How many people are there?How many languages can you speak?*Use “how many” with a plural countable noun

How much time do you need?How much traffic is there this morning?*Use “how much” with non-countable nouns

A5. COMPARISONSDescriptive words of one-syllable, add –er + than.Examples: old – older, few – fewer, high – higher

Descriptivewordsofone-syllableendinginavowelandafinalconsonant,doubletheconsonant+-er+than.Examples: big – bigger, thin – thinner, hot – hotter.

Two-syllable descriptive words ending in a vowel + –y, change the –y to –i and add –er + than.Examples: easy – easier, tiny – tinier, tasty – tastier.

Examples: old – Machu Picchu is older than Teotihuacan. tiny – An ant is tinier than a spider.* thin – Mary is thinner than Kathy.

* If the adjective ends in a consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the consonant before adding “er”.

A. Write the comparative sentences with the following words.

fat ______________short ______________tall ______________young ______________long ______________

If the descriptive words have two or more syllables, the comparison is usually formed by writing “more” before the word, followed by than.

Examples: beautiful – Salma Hayek is more beautiful than Nicole Kidman. Comfortable – That chair is more comfortable than this one.

B. Write comparative sentences with the following words:

dangerous ______________intelligent ______________delicious ______________serious ______________timid ______________

Irregular comparative forms

good betterbad worsefar farther

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A6. SUPERLATIVESTo form the superlative degree of adjectives of one syllable (or two ending in –y), you must add the in front of the adjective and –est or –iest to the adjective. Usually you include a frame of reference as well.

Examples: fast – Cheetahs are the fastest mammals on Earth. frame of reference lazy – John is the laziest boy in the class.

* thin – Jane is the thinnest girl at the party.

* If the adjective ends in a consonant preceded by a single vowel, the same rule applies as in the comparative degree – double the consonant.

A. Write superlative sentences with the following words:

high ______________happy ______________sad ______________long ______________pretty ______________

To form the superlative degree of adjectives of two syllables or more, you usually add the words “the most” before the adjective and a frame of reference at the end of the sentences.

Examples:

- courteous – Tony is the most courteous man in town. - experienced – Jane is the most experienced cook in the restaurant

B. Write the superlative sentences with the following words:

beautiful ______________confortable ______________intelligent ______________dangerous ______________modern ______________

Irregular in the superlative form:

good bestbad worstfar farthest

A7. INDEFINITE PRONOUNSWhen you want to refer to people, things or places, but you do not know exactly who, what or where they are,ortheiridentityisnotimportant,youuseanindefinitepronoun.Theyindicateifyouaretalkingabouta person, a thing or a place.

People Things Placessomebody / someone something somewhereanybody / anyone anything anywherenobody / no one nothing anywhereeverybody / everyone everything everywhere

Referring to peopleUsetheindefinitepronounsendingin–bodyor–onetorefertopeople.

Examples:

Why is everybody looking at me?No one lives here.

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Referring to thingsYouusetheindefinitepronounsendingin–thingtorefer to object, ideas, situations or activities.

Examples:Do you want anything to drink?I have nothing to say to you.

Referring to placesUsetheindefinitepronounceendingin–wheretorefer to places.

Examples:They wanted to go somewhere else.Have you seen my car keys anywhere?

Important:Youalwaysusesingularverbswithindefinitepronouns.

APPENDIX B

B1. REGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSE A. Regularverbsfinishin“–ed”inaffirmative.Youdonothavetolearntheirforms

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE

I HeSheIt worked.WeYouThey

I HeSheIt didn’t work.WeYouThey

I he sheDid it work? you we they

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

I he sheYes, it did. you we they

I he sheNo, it didn’t. you we they

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B. Compare English and Spanish in the past tense (regular verbs).

ENGLISH SPANISH

Affirmative:

I lived in the USA last year.

Janeworkedinherhusband´sofficeyesterday.They graduated 5 years ago.We arrived here this morning.

Afirmativo:

(yo) Viví / vivía en los EU el año pasado.

Janetrabajóayerenlaoficinadesuesposo.(Ellos) se graduaron hace 5 años.(Nosotros) llegamos aquí esta mañana.

Affirmative:

I lived in the USA last year.

Janeworkedinherhusband´sofficeyesterday.They graduated 5 years ago.We arrived here this morning.

Interrogativo:

¿Viviste / vivías (tú) en los EU el año pasado?¿TrabajóJaneenlaoficinadesuesposoayer?

Negative:

They didn´t graduate 5 years ago.We didn´t arrive here this morning.

Negativo:

(Ellos) No se graduaron hace 5 años.(Nosotros) No llegamos aquí esta mañana.

Note that:

Englishusestheending–edtoindicateanaffirmativeregularpasttenseverb. English uses the auxiliary did to indicate past tense in questions and negative sentences. Indicators of the past tense in English:

-ed ending did auxiliary in negative and questions

Other word clues that indicate the use of past tense in English:last year / summer/ Friday, etc 2 days/ a week/ a year ago yesterday

Spanish indicates past tense by verb endings. Spanish has two forms to indicate the past, and English has only one.

Spelling of regular verbs in past tense

In most cases add –ed to the base form of the verb. answer – answered work – worked

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Exceptions:

1. Verbs ending in e – only add d love – loved live – lived

2. Onesyllablewordsendinginaconsonantprecededbyasinglevowel–doublethefinalconsonant before adding –ed

stop – stopped rip - ripped

3. Multi-syllableverbsendinginaconsonantprecededbyasinglevowelstressedinthefinalsyllabledoublethefinalconsonantbeforeadding–ed

incur – incurred omit – omitted refer - referred

4. Verbs ending in –y (preceded by a consonant) – change the –y to i and add –ed study – studied carry – carried

B2. IRREGULAR VERBS IN THE PAST TENSEA. BE in the past tense

It is the only verb that does not use “did” in the negative, interrogative or short answer; the same form (was or were) is used.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVE I He was She It

You We were They

I He wasn’t She It

You We weren’t

I Was he she it

you Were we

SHORT ANSWERAFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE

I He was. She ItYes, You We were. They

I He wasn’t. She ItNo, You We weren’t. They

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B. Other irregular verbs

Irregular verbs do not end in “–ed” inaffirmative.Itisnecessarytolearntheirforms.

AFFIRMATIVE NEGATIVE INTERROGATIVEI HeSheIt came.WeYouThey

I HeSheIt didn’t come.WeYouThey

I he sheDid it come? you we they

SHORT ANSWER SHORT ANSWER I he sheYes, it did. you we they

I he sheNo, it didn’t. you we they

C. Other irregular verbs in the past tense and their past participle

How do you say it in Spanish?

PRESENT (First Form) SPANISH PAST

(Second Form)

PAST PARTICIPLE(Third Form)

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.

am, is, arebeatbecomebeginbetbitebreakbringbuildbuycatchchoosecomecostcutdodrinkdrive

________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

was, werebeatbecamebeganbetbitbrokebroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosecamecostcutdiddrankdrove

beenbeatenbecomebegunbetbittenbrokenbroughtbuiltboughtcaughtchosencomecostcutdonedrunkdriven

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PRESENT (First Form) SPANISH PAST

(Second Form)

PAST PARTICIPLE(Third Form)

19.20.21.22.23.24.25.26.27.28.29.30.31.32.33.34.35.36.37.38.39.40.41.42.43.44.45.46.47.48.49.50.51.52.53.54.55.56.57.58.59.60.61.62.63.64.65.66.67.

eatfallfeelfightfindflyforgetgetgivegogrowhavehearhidehitholdhurtkeepknowleavelendletlosemakemeetpayputquitreadrideringsayseesellsendshootsingsitsleepspeakspendstandtellthinkthrowswimtaketeachunderstand

________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

atefellfeltfoughtfoundflewforgotgotgavewentgrewhadheardhidhitheldhurtkeptknewleftlentletlostmademetpaidputquitreadroderangsaidsawsoldsentshotsangsatsleptspokespentstoodtoldthoughtthrewswamtooktaughtunderstood

eatenfallenfeltfoughtfoundflownforgottengot(ten)givengonegrownhadheardhiddenhitheldhurtkeptknownleftlentletlostmademetpaidputquitreadriddenrungsaidseensoldsentshotsungsatsleptspokenspentstoodtoldthoughtthrownswumtakentaughtunderstood

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B3. MODAL AUXILIARIES

Modal auxiliaries tend to have more semantic content than the auxiliaries you are already familiar with in English. Some modal verbs are:

will – future would – conditional (-ía in Spanish) can – ability, permission could – ability in the past or permission may – permission or future possibility might - future possibility should – recommendation (similar to ought to) must – obligation, inference (similar to have to)

ENGLISH SPANISH

1. Position in questions.

Where do you live?What is Jorge doing?Does she get up early?When can she come?What would you like?

2. Position in negatives.

I´m not teaching English this year.They don´t have any children.He doesn´t like ice-cream.Mary can´t swim.We won´t see you tomorrow

3. Position and use for short answers.

Are they Mexican? No, they aren´t.Does he have a BA? Yes, he does.Did you like the movie? Yes, I did.Can you speak French? No, I can´t.

1. Posición en preguntas.

¿Dónde vives tú?¿Qué está haciendo Jorge?¿Se levanta temprano (ella)?¿Cuándo puede (ella) venir?¿Qué te gustaría?

2. Posición en negativos.

No estoy dando inglés este año.No tienen niños.(A él) No le gusta el helado.Mary no puede nadar.No te veremos mañana.

3. Posición y uso en respuestas cortas.

¿Son mexicanos? No, no son.¿Tiene (él) licenciatura? Sí, la tiene.¿Te gustó la película? Sí, me gustó.¿Puedes hablar francés? No, no puedo.

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B. Differences between modal auxiliaries and other auxiliaries

ENGLISH SPANISH1. Modals use the same form for all persons.

I can speak French.You can speak French.He can speak French.

2.Modalsonlyhaveoneform(noinfinitive,gerundor participle).

3. Modals are followed by the base form of the verb (without “to”).

1. Los verbos modales usan la misma forma para todas las personas.

Yo puedo hablar francés.Tú puedes hablar francés.Él puede hablar francés.

2. Los modales nada más tienen una forma (no infinitivo,gerundiooparticipio).

3. La forma base del verbo va después del modal (sin “to”).

B4. USES OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (BE + VERB -ING)

A. What is usually called the present progressive or continuous tense in English can be used to express activity at the present moment, planned future activity, or temporary or repeated activity. Compare English and Spanish in the following chart.

ENGLISH SPANISHPresent moment I´m taking a bath right now.

He´s not surfing the net.

Alice´s having breakfast.We´re watching T.V.

Jorge and Juan are playing soccer.

(yo) me estoy bañando ahorita.(él) no está navegando en Internet.

Alice está desayunando.(nosotros) estamos viendo la tele.Jorge y Juan están jugado fútbol.

Future(especially planned future)

I´m leaving L.A. tomorrow.Juan´s visiting the doctor next Monday.

Me voy mañana de L.A.Juan irá al doctor el próximo lunes.

Temporary activity I´m taking driving lessons this month.

He´s working at Sears this Christmas season.

Voy a tomar clases de manejo este mes oEstoy tomando clases de manejo este mes.

(él) Va a trabajar en Sears esta temporada navideña oEstá trabajando en Sears esta temporada navideña.

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B. Answer these questions:

When describing an action occurring at the present moment, are English and Spanish similar in their use of the present continuous?When describing a planned event in the future, what tense do you usually use in Spanish?When you are talking about a temporary habit in Spanish, what tense do you usually use?What verb is always used when forming the present continuous tense? Is it conjugated?If a verb ends in “e”, do you eliminate the “e” when you add the “ing”?

Verbs of opinion and perception are seldom used in their continuous form. The most common of these are: believe, doubt, like, hear, know, see,

understand, seem, remember, want.

B5. FUTUREThe future tense can be expressed in various ways in English. You have seen the use of present continuous as future in appendix A-7 (to be + verb + -ing). Modals such as may and might can also express future time (check appendix A-6). Other ways of expressing the future are the following:

A. WILLENGLISH SPANISHI will do it.You will do it.He will do it.She will do it.It will be O.K.

We will do it.You will do it.They will do it.

(yo) Lo haré.(tú) Lo harás.Él lo haráElla lo hará.Estará bien.

(nosotros) Lo haremos.Ustedes lo harán.Ellos lo harán.

B. TO BE + GOING TO + VERBENGLISH SPANISHI´m going to take an exam.You´re going to take an exam.He´s going to take an exam.She´s going to take an exam.It´s going be to hot today.

We´re going to take an exam.You´re going to take an exam.They´re going to take an exam.

Voy a tomar un examen.Vas a tomar un examen.Él va a tomar un examen.Ella va a tomar un examen.Va a hacer calor hoy.

Vamos a tomar un examen.Ustedes van a tomar un examen.Ellos van a tomar un examen.

*The expression “going to” is usually reduced in spoken English to “gonna”.

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APPENDIX C

PRONUNCIATIONC1. THE ALPHABET

It is important to know how to pronounce the letters of the alphabet so you can ask the meaning of a word you do not know how to pronounce. For example:

What does a-n-o-t-h-e-r mean?or

What’s the meaning of d-i-s-g-u-i-s-e?

A ei G lli M em S es Y waiB bi H eich N en T ti Z ziC si I ai O ou U yuD di J llei P pi V viE i K kei Q kyu W dəbəlyuF ef L el R ar X eks

C2. PRONUNCIATIONAccordingtotheirimportance,wordsareclassifiedintotwocategories:content words and function words. Content words have lexical meaning because they refer to concepts. Function words have little lexical or ambiguous meaning. When the words are pronounced, content words are mainly emphasized in the sentence,whilethevowelsofthefunctionwordstendtobereducedtoa[ə]o[ɪ]sound,ortobecontractedwith the previous word.

C3. PRONUNCIATION CHART

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LISTENING 1.1

It’s Monday, October 31st. Juan and Alice are talking at the Language Center. Juan: You’re new here, aren’t you, Alice?Alice: Yeah.ThisismyfirstsemesterattheLanguageCe ter. I come from the USA.Juan: Do you study Spanish? Alice: Yes, I do. I want to be a Spanish teacher. How about you, Juan? Juan: I am an elementary school teacher, and I study English and French, too. I like languages very much.Alice: Me too. I am in my 3rd semester of Spanish.Juan: Professor Garrido is your teacher, isn’t he?Alice: Yes, he is. I’m kind of worried about that. Do you know him?Juan: Yes,Ido!Heisterrific.HewasmySpanishLiterature teacher.Alice: Isn’t he very strict?Juan: Well yes, he is strict, but he is an excellent teacher. Let’s sit down and talk about his class.Alice: I can’t right now because I have a class, but we can get together tomorrow.Juan: Tomorrow’s November 1st; it’s a holiday. Alice: What do you celebrate?Juan: We celebrate the Day of the Dead. It’s an important Mexican tradition.Alice: Day of the Dead? You mean like Halloween?Juan: Not exactly. Would you like to go to Mixquic and see the traditional celebration?Alice: That sounds interesting!Juan: Let’s meet here tomorrow afternoon, and I can tell you about Professor Garrido’s

LISTENING 1.2

Alice and Nancy are at the Language Center on Thursday, November 3rd. They are talking about their holiday impressions.

Nancy: Did you have a nice holiday?Alice: Oh, yes. It was great.Nancy: Did you go to Mixquic with Juan?Alice: Yes. I did. It was a really interesting experience.Nancy: Is the Day of the Dead the same as Halloween in the States?Alice: Not really. There were no costumes or jack-o-lanterns or “trick or treating”.Nancy: Do you like Halloween?

TAPESCRIPTS

Alice: Yes, I do. Especially costume parties and pumpkin pies! Oh…today is Thursday, isn’t it? I have a class at 11.Nancy: Me too. By the way, do we have to enroll for next semester after Christmas vacation?Alice: No, we don’t. I think December 10th is the enrollment day.Nancy: Oh…isn’t December 10th the date the OFUNAM performs at the Language Center?Alice: Yes, it is, but the concert is at 8 p.m., after the enrollment. We have to buy our tickets soon, don’t we?Nancy: Yeah, let’s buy them next week. And let’s invite Juan!Alice: Sure, that’s a great idea

LISTENING 1.3 RHYME

Friday night’s dream,On the Saturday told,Is sure to come true.Be it never so old.

LISTENING 1.4 RHYME

Shoe a Little horse, Shoe a little mare,But let the little colt,Go bare, bare, bare.

LISTENING 1.5

1. Let’s go to the library with him after lunch.2. Do you want to have lunch with us after class?3. Can you pick us up at the bookstore tomorrow?4. Juan can’t photocopy the papers because he has to go to his Japanese class.5. You’re an English teacher, aren’t you?6. Mary is about to have a breakdown because she has an exam today.7. I’m excited because I am going to travel to Canada in the winter.8. Please, don’t answer your phone in my class.9.WewillhandinthefinalpaperonThursday

UNIT 1. WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO?

155

LISTENING 1.6 COMING EVENTS

1. Don’t miss the Chinese ballet from Nanjing presenting their most successful performance in this year: The Nutcracker. It will be presented at the Cultural Center Theater on September 21stat8p.m.Theticketswillbeavailableinthetheater’sboxofficefrom 10 a.m to 1 p.m. and the cost is 250 pesos. 2. If you support your university, you have to be part of this!Thevolleyballschoolteamwillplaythefinalmatch.Gototheschool stadium this Friday at 11 a.m. The cost is 10 pesos but if you present your student ID, it will be for free. Be there! 3. The English Department is pleased to welcome Ph.D. Noam Chomsky who will present the results of his last research on Linguistics. The conference will be held on June 5th at 12 p.m. The admission is for free but the access to Auditorium II is limited to only 200 people.

LISTENING 1.7

Mixquic: the Day of the Dead and All Saints’ Day in MexicoInMexicoonthefirsttwodaysofNovember,thedeadare remembered in a very special celebration which is one of the most hallowed traditions in the Mexican culture.Each year, a series of unique events are held in several parts of the country to commemorate family members who have passed away. In the area of Tlahuac, for instance, the little town of Mixquic holds one of the most outstanding and emotional celebrations on the day of dead. Preparation for the festivity begins towards the end of October, when the relatives of the dead work on the particular offerings they will give to the souls of thedeparted.BythefirstofNovember, the altars at the former homes of the dead will display images of patron saints, photographs of those in the family who aredead,flowers,fruits,‘’pandemuerto’’(bread for the dead), sugar skulls, and the favorite foods of the beloved relatives who are now gone. A candle is lit for every soul. Then, as the tradition teaches, when the sun passes through the zenith, all the souls return to town and to their old homes, to which they are guided by the aroma of their favorite dishes. To make their brief visit even more pleasant, the souls of children are offered toys, while for the elderly there is‘’pulque’’or‘’aguardiente’’.

LISTENING 1.8 RHYMES

I sing, I sing,From morn till night;From cares I’m free,And my heart is light.

Donkey, donkey, old and gray,Open your mouth and gently bray; Lift your ears and blow your horn, To wake the world this sleepy morn.

LISTENING 1.9

Speaker: Last night I was listening to a conversation between a couple who was trying to solve the problems they have in their marriage due to the unequal division on house chores. This is what I heard. I r m a: I understand that when you get home you are tired, but it seems that you don’t think of me at all. At nights I am tired too; nevertheless I get home and prepare dinner and clean the kitchen and bedroom up.

R i c a r d o: You’re right. I don’t like any of the house chores including going shopping or washing the clothes, but I usually wash the car… That’s something... And also, in the summer, and if you ask me to do so, I sometimes work in the garden. I r m a: Come on, Ricardo! You know that’s not fair! I need you to help around more than once or twice a week! For example, I need you to help me do the dishes or iron the clothes at least every other day. I am the one who almost always does those activities and I want to have more time to watch television, I hardly ever have time to enjoy a good movie. R i c a r d o: All right, I get the point. If that’s what you need, I promise I will help you more and I will continue taking out the garbage. I just have one request, I want to continue having time to watch TV every day because…..I r m a: Yeah, don’t worry. You may help more, but bad habits never disappear.

LISTENING 1.10

1. Suzy lives in a small town near Mexico. She goes to work every day and she wakes up at 7:30 a.m. in the morning, she has breakfast and watches the morning news. Suzy and her boyfriend usually meet at the mall to eat out. Carlos lives onthefifthfloorofa huge apartment near downtown. He works inabigofficewherehe designs video games. 2. Joseph lives in Fayetteville, a small town in Arkansas. He and his family like relaxing on Sunday afternoon after going to the mass. Lindsey is Joseph’s wife, and she loves being in the kitchen cooking cakes. His daughters are always playing in their room. They are a wonderful American Family.

LISTENING 1.11

I can go to the concert. She can’t speak ItalianCan you play chess? We can’t buy the books at the library.

LISTENING 1.12 1. She can cook quite well. 2. Helen can’t play the violin. 3. Kristy can play chess. 4. Noah can design web pages. 5. They can’t do that. 6. Carlos can’t play soccer.7. Edward can use a computer well. 8. James can drive me.9. Anne can say the alphabet backwards.10. Sure, they can.

LISTENING 1.13 RHYME

Twelve pairs hanging high,Twelve knights riding by,Each knight took a pear, And yet left a dozen there.

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Blow, wind, blow! And go, mill go!That the miller may grind his corn;That the baker may take it,And into bread make it, And bring us a loaf in the morn.

LISTENING 1.15

Around Halloween, jack-o’-lanterns and pictures of witches and ghosts begin to appear in windows of the houses. On Halloween night; you can see children wearing costumes and masks going from house to house. They knock on doors, shout “Trick or Treat” and receive candy. If the children do not receive treats (candy) at a certain house, they will play a trick on the people who live there. The word “Halloween” means “All Saints’ Eve”. At first, it was observed to protect people from evil spirits. Now, it’s just a custom.

LISTENING 1.16

OFFICIAL SCHOOLS’ CALENDARSpeaker: Good morning students. We all hope you are more relaxed now that classes are over. Yet, we need to remind you the specificdatesforthefollowingsemester,whichisgoingtostartin March. The week of enrollment is from Monday February 28th toFridayMarch4th.PupilswillhavetoshowuptotheirfirstclassonMarch7th,andgetreadyforthefirstroundofexams,whichwilltakeplaceseveralweekslater,duringthefirstweekofMay.The last day of classes will coincide with the last day of June. We recommendyoustudyinadvancebecausethefinalexamswillbe given a week later, from the 4th to the 8th of July. Now, the so expected dates of July: the semester break and holidays will be distributedfromthe11thtothe22ndforthefirst,andfromthe25thto the 29th for the latter. We wish you a successful studying experience in your school.


I see the moon,And the moon sees me;God bless the moon,And God bless me


For every evil under the sun,There is a remedy or there is none.Iftherebeone,tryandfindit;If there be none, never mind it.

LISTENING 2.1

Alice and Nancy are on their way to the Language Center. They are talking about their Christmas vacation.Nancy: Hi Alice! You look great. How was your vacation?Alice:Justfine.Ididn’thavemoneytogohomeforChristmas,so I stayed here and I learned a lot about Mexican customs. It was a lot of fun.

UNIT 1. WHAT WOULD YOU LIKE TO DO?

Nancy: Really? What did you do?Alice: Well, Juan invited me to a “posada”, which is a party where people sing and act out Mary and Joseph’s journey to Bethlehem. It was beautiful. I really enjoyed the “piñatas”, and the “ponche” was delicious!Nancy: It sounds very interesting.Alice: It was interesting and a lot of fun. How about you? What did you do?Nancy: Well, I was homesick, so I visited my family in the U.S.A.Alice: Did you have a good time?Nancy: Oh, yes. I was very happy to see my parents and my sister. We had a great New Year’s party, too.Alice: Did you study for the semester exams?Nancy: Are you kidding? I didn’t open a single book, and we have that Spanish literature exam this Friday!Alice: I know. Juan helped me and I studied a little, but not much. There were posadas to attend. Besides, SpanishliteratureismoredifficultthanAmericanliterature.There are so many writers and books. I can’t remember all their names! I hope Professor Garrido isn’t as strict as Juan says!Nancy:You’reright.Itisdifficult.Let’sstudytogetherthisweek. We’re in the same boat!Alice: OK. We can start studying Mexican history, too.Nancy: By the way, how was the OFUNAM concert? Alice: Oh, it was wonderful! Why didn’t you come?Nancy: I was sick, and I had to pack my suitcases to go home. Besides, I really like rock music better than classical music! I wanted to go to the OFUNAM concert because, you know, “When in Rome…Alice: …do as the Romans do.” I understand. Well, there’s a rock concert after exams. Why don’t we check the dates?Nancy:Let’sstudyfortheexamsfirst,OK?

LISTENING 2.2 MATCHING

1. A: Did Nancy stay in Mexico at Christmas time? B: No, she didn’t2. A: Did Juan help Alice to study Spanish Literature? B: Yes, he did.3. A: Was Nancy sick the day of the concert? B: Yes, she was. 4. A: Did Alice and Nancy study a lot during vacation? B: No, they didn’t.5. A: Is Juan Alice’s friend? B: Yes, he is 6. A: Was Alice homesick? B: No, she wasn’t 7. A: Does Nancy like classical music very much? B: No, she doesn’t.8. A: Did Alice like the posadas? B: Yes, she did.

LISTENING 2.3 RHYME

See a pin and pick it up.All the day you’ll have good luck.See a pin and let it lie,Allthedayyourluckwillfly.

157

LISTENING 2.4

/t/ /d/ /id/

1. walked X2. needed X3. laughed X4. skated X5. moved X6. mended X7. explained X8. talked X9. planted X10. cooked X11. invited X12. worked X13. prepared X14. fainted X15. turned X16. pushed X17. picked X18. pulled X19. checked X20. sounded X

LISTENING 2.5

Chichén Itza is an archaeological city of the Maya civilization located in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. It is one of the most visited tourist places. It was given the status of World Heritage Site in 1988 by UNESCO, and recently selected as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Many tourists visit this place, especially from Cancun. This archaeological site is one hour and thirty minutes away from Merida, the capital of Yucatan. The Mayan communities near Chichen Itza have developed plenty of wonderful sites for travelers to know the Maya Cultural heritage. It is recommended to schedule a night or two in Chichen Itza to enjoy all the activities that they offer. In this place, there is a park, a museum and the services of a guide.

LISTENING 2.6

1. What did you do last weekend?2. Where did you go yesterday?3. When did you last go to a wedding?4. Where were you born?5. What time did you go to bed last Sunday?6. Did you have eggs for breakfast?7. When did you last go to Acapulco?8. How did you do on your English test?9. When was your birthday?10. Where did you eat lunch yesterday?

LISTENING 2.7 RHYME

Here is the church and here is the steeple;Open the door and here are the people.Here is the parson going upstairs,And here he is, saying his prayers.

LISTENING 2.8 RHYME

Multiplication is vexation,Division is as bad;The rule perplexes me,And practice drives me mad.

LISTENING 2.9 RHYME

A wise old owl lived in an oak;The more he saw, the less he spoke;The less he spoke, the more he heard.Why can’t we all be like that wise old

LISTENING 2.10

6. My favourite actress is Julia Roberts. She is married and has three children.7. A famous American book writer is Stephen King. One of his books is “IT”. 8. Many people enjoy reality shows, but they usually bore me to death.9. My cousin prefers going to the beach than to the forest.10. Yesterday morning, my little boy didn’t eat anything because he got sick.


Penny and pennyLaid up will be many;Who will not save a penny,Shall never have any.

LISTENING 2.12

Alice was born in 1993. She likes history, so after high school she decided to major in history. In her freshman year, she went to Peru to study the ancient Inca civilization, and now she is in Mexico at the School for Foreigners. She especially likes to study the Aztec culture, but she also studies Mexican history in general. She doesn’t like to read Spanish literature or poetry, but she has to study them as part of her program. She really doesn’t understand Spanish literature very well. She thinks that Spanish literature is too mystic and unreal. Last year when she was in Peru, Alice lived in Cuzco for a few months. She visited the Inca ruins at Macchu Picchu and liked to talk with the Peruvian students about their culture and history. She attended the University of San Carlos in Lima. There, she didn’t live with a family; she had dormitory accommodations at a private school. However, in Mexico this year she had a room in the home of a Mexican family. She really liked her experience in Mexico bet-ter than the experience in Peru because she was more involved in the life and culture of the country. That’s one reason why she was glad to stay in Mexico for Christmas vacation. She had a good time and she enjoyed all the posadas and piñatas!

158

LISTENING 2.13

1. Juan is a typical university student.2. For example, yesterday he got up early and went to Chapultepec Park to jog.3. Then he went home and took a shower after jogging. 4. After that, he ate breakfast and ran to the subway station.5. He got to school 15 minutes late, so he missedhisfirstclass.6. Because he missed his class he went to the cafeteria for coffee with Mary.7. At 8:00 he went to his second class.8. He finished classes at 1:00 and went to the library.9. Then, he went home and had lunch.10. After lunch he did his homework and talked to his girlfriend on the telephone.11. At about 6 p.m. he went out to play soccer and to visit Mary.12. At 9 p.m., Juan had supper and read a little before he went to bed at 11:00 p.m.

UNIT 3. WHAT DO YOU NEED?LISTENING 3.1

It’s Friday morning. Alice and Nancy are in their apartment, Nancy is going shopping. Nancy: I’m going to the supermarket, Alice. Do you need anything?Alice: Yes, I do. Tomorrow is Juan’s birthday and I want to make the strawberry shortcake scone recipe. It’s asurprise.Nancy: Mmm! I love strawberry shortcake! The last time I had one was when I went home last December. What do you need?Alice: Let’s see. I need strawberries, some whipping cream,someeggs,someflour,andsomebutter.Nancy: Wait a minute, let me write that down. Or, why don´t you come with me? Alice: Goodidea!Bytheway,doyouthinkwecanfindnice strawberries at the supermarket?Nancy: Well,Ithinkitwillbeeasiertofindthemtherethanata market. This is not strawberry season and supermarkets usually have all kinds of fruit.Alice: You´re right. I hope they are not too expensive. At the supermarket:Nancy: OK, here are the strawberries. They look good, don´t they?Alice: Yeah, how much are they?Nancy: $35 pesos a 500 g box. $70 pesos a kilo.Alice: OK. They’re a little expensive. Please take a kilo…twoboxes.Ialsoneedakiloofflour.Nancy: I’llgettheflourandtheeggs.Doyouneedalarge carton?Alice: No, just a dozen, please. I’ll get the cream and the butter. Nancy: OK, I’ll be right back.

5 minutes later:Nancy: I’m back. Are you ready?Alice: No. I already have two bars of butter, but I need a pint of whipping cream. How much is that in cups?Nancy: I’m not sure. I think it’s about two cups.Alice: Right! The recipe said one cup. OK, I’m ready now.Cashier: Didyoufindallyouneeded?Alice: Yes, we did. Thank you.

Cashier: That’s $170 pesos, please.Alice: Here you go.Cashier: Your change, $30 pesos.Alice: Thank you.

Back home:Alice: Oh no! Look at these strawberries, they’re horrible!Nancy: Yes, most of them are small and rotten! Let’s go back to the supermarket; you paid $70 pesos for them!Alice: Yeah, let’s go. I can’t use them to make a cake anyway!

LISTENING 3.2

Nancy and Alice are back at the supermarket. Alice: Excuse me. Can I speak to the manager, please?Assistant: He’s not here now. Can I help you?Alice: I bought some strawberries about an hour ago, but most of them are rotten. Can you change them or give me my money back?Assistant: Are you sure you bought them today?Alice: Of course I’m sure. Look here’s my receipt.Assistant: Let’s see… you’re right. They’re not very good. Oh, I’m sorry, the expiration date is wrong. Don’t worry lady, we’ll change them immediately. I’ll be back in a minute.Alice: That’s better. Thank you.

LISTENING 3.3

A B1. The music is too loud. I’ll turn it down a little.

2. This milk is sour. I’ll give you another carton.

3. This cake’s delicious. It’s my mother’s recipe.

4. My coffee is cold. Let me warm it up for you.

5. This fork is dirty. I’ll get you a clean one.

6. What a nice dress! It was my birthday present.

7 There’saflyinmysoup. I’ll get you another bowl.

8. I can’t see a thing. Let me turn the lights on.

9. This hamburger is raw. We’ll cook it some more.

10. This room is really neat. We cleaned it yesterday.

11. My cell phone is dead. Let me check the batteries.

12. I asked for a cold beer. I’ll get you a cold bottle.

13. Yournewcar’sterrific. It cost a fortune.

14. My computer broke down again.

I’ll check it immediately.

15. We had a great time. I’m glad you enjoyed the party.

LISTENING 3.4 RHYME

Pat-a-cake, pat-a-cake, baker’s man,Bake me a cake as fast as you can;Pat it and prick it, and mark it with B,And put it in the oven for baby and me.

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LISTENING 3.5

11. Would Joey and Sam like beer? 12. When could you go on vacation? 13. Could you go with me to the party tomorrow night?14. Where would Sharon be? 15. Would you like a cigarette? 16. Who could drive to California? 17. My parents could take us to the course.18. What would you do in that situation? 19. Would you like coffee or mint tea?20. When could he give me an appointment?

LISTENING 3.6 TONGUE TWISTER

How much wood could a woodchuck chuck,If a woodchuck could chuck wood?He’d chuck all the wood that a woodchuck could,If a woodchuck could chuck wood.

LISTENING 3.7 DICTATION

6. There are some plums on the table. Please, bring them here. 7.Iwouldliketobuysomecarrots,please.WherecanIfindthem?8.Susiedoesn’tlikefigs.9. Mom cooked some delicious cabbage soup. 10. I don’t have any bananas, but I have some peaches. Would you like one?

LISTENING 3.8

The Soda Fountain is a small, popular ice-cream place where teenagers meet after school. It was built in 1945. It is older than the other fast food places in town, but it’s also more popular. Mr. White is the owner of The Soda Fountain and he is very popular with the high school kids. He is 63 years old and has worked at the same placeforfiftyyears.Hehasnochildren on his own, but considers all the teenagers in town “his children”. They go to him with their problems, joys and sorrows. Kids call him and his wife “Grandpa” and “Grandma”.

LISTENING 3.9 RHYME

Sneeze on Monday, sneeze for danger;Sneeze on Tuesday, kiss a stranger;Sneeze on Wednesday, get a letter;Sneeze on Thursday, something better;Sneeze on Friday, sneeze for sorrow;Sneeze on Saturday, joy tomorrow.


Littlefishesinabrook,Father caught them on a hook,Mother fried them in a pan,Johnny eats them like a man

LISTENING 3.11

1. First, cream the oil and sugar until light.2.Thenmixflour,bakingsoda,salt,cinnamonandclovestogether.3.Next,addtheeggsandbeatuntilfluffy.4.Then,beattheflourmixtureintothecreamedmixturealternating with the mashed pumpkin.5. Next, add the chopped nuts to the batter.6. Finally, turn the batter into the well greased cake pan and bake

at 350 degrees Fahrenheit for about 40 minutes.7. If desired, frost the cake with cream cheese frosting.

LISTENING 3.12

6. My favourite place in the world to go camping is in Tuxpan. It is very clean and safe. 7. I’d like a piece of cake, some vanilla ice-cream and a cup of coffee. 8. If you go to the supermarket today, don’t forget to bring some onions with you, please. 9. How much money do you need to organize a surprise birthday party?10. This steak is too rare for me to eat! I asked for a well-done steak!

LISTENING 3.13

Restaurant 1: Itolioni’s Itolioni’s is a restaurant situated in the north of the city. It is very elegant and some dishes can be really expensive. The prices are fair for the wide variety of dishes that are offered because they arepreparedwiththefinestingredients.Ifyoudecidetogotothiselegant restaurant, don’t forget to ask for the wine’s menu, which includes wines from all over the world. Another exclusive characteristic of this place is that you will have the opportunity to use very old spoons and forks because the family who started the business collects cutlery and some of them date from the 18th and 19th centuries. The schedule is convenient for everybody because it opens at 9 a.m. and closes at 3 in the morning. Women are allowed any kind of garments but men necessarily have to wear a tie to get in.

Restaurant 2: Chato’sChato’s is located in Naucalpan. This picturesque restaurant offers two kinds of services, you can either order your food to go or you can eat it in the restaurant. This is convenient for many people that iswhymanypeoplegothere.Therearen’tanyspecificdressingrequirements to get in. It is opened for 12 hours starting at 9 a.m. Most of the dishes they prepare are Mexican ones, but they serve other kinds of food, too. Alcoholic beverages are not allowed.

LISTENING 3.14 RHYMES

Hey, diddle, diddle!Thecatandthefiddle,The cow jumped over the moon;The little dog laughedTo see such sport,And the dish ran away with the spoon.

Bobby Shaftoe’s gone to sea,With silver buckles on his knee:He’ll come back and marry me,Pretty Bobby Shaftoe!Bobby Shaftoe’s fat and fair,Combing down his yellow hair;He’s my love for evermore,Pretty Bobby Shaftoe

LISTENING 3.15 TONGUE TWISTER

Moses supposes his toeses are roses,But Moses supposes erroneously,For nobody’s toeses are posies of roses,As Moses supposes his toeses to be.

Ingles III Participante

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Transcript of Ingles III Participante