Informe Labores Podemos Volar 2011

5/13/2018 Informe Labores Podemos Volar 2011 - slidepdf.com

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/informe-labores-podemos-volar-2011 1/39

NiokrjmDi}dh2144

Mildrgd`k|

Di`rî|@nidrpm|Bkgdipm|

D`rnäi\khê|Rked|



2

Lkipmin`k

Niprk`}llnüi))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<

N)Kbempnvk|))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0

NN)Hdbkrm|Rmdhnud`d|))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0

D)Qrkgrdjd|rmdhnud`k|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))0

B)M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdh )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))7

L)Ikpd|miQrmi|d))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))>

@)Rm`m|\klndhm|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))41

@)45^k}p}bm5 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))44

@)25Odlmbkkc5 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))4<

@)<Pwnppmr5 )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))4?

@)0Ohnlcr5 ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))4?

M)Rmlkiklnjnmipk`mqdrpm`mhd@momi|krêd`mhk|Fdbnpdipm|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))4?

O)Qrm|}q}m|pk)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))47

NNN)Rm|}hpd`k|~@n|l}|nüi)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))4>

D)Mip}|nd|jk`mm|p}`ndipm|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))21

B)Kqninüi`mhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))21

L)Kqninüi mhk|&d|.nivnpd`k|&d|.))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<2

@)Kqninüi mhk|&d|.qdrpnlnqdipm|kld|nkidhm|&d|.))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<2

M)Hduk\klndh~\dh}`Jmipdh ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<0

_)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<=

D)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhdqrk`}llnüi ))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<=

B)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhk|hkl}pkrm|))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<=

L)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhdd`jnin|prdlnüi`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk))))))))))))))))))))))))))<?

Lkilh}|nkim|)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))<?



<

Niprk`}llnüi

Mh<`mdgk|pk`m4>>4idlmHP22Rd`nk‘HdLkhnodpd‚miB}mik|Dnrm|Drgmipnid)@m|`mfdlm21

dôk|mhq|nlühkgkDhorm`kKhnvmrd&mim|pmjkjmipkm|p}`ndipm.fdlkkr`nid`km|o}mruk|qdrdt}m

hd|~ hk|}|}drnk|`m|mrvnlnk|mi|dh}`jmipdh`mFk|qnpdhIm}rkq|nt}näprnlkEk|îPnb}rlnkBkr`d

pmigdi}im|qdlnkqdrdmqrm|dr|m~lrmdrhduklkihd|klnm`d`)Mhhk|fdilrmd`k}idjmpk`khkgêdlhêinld`mprdbdekhhdjd`d‘@n|qk|npnvkRd`nkoüinlkGr}qdh‚(mhhdl}dh|mb}|ld`mhd|~hk|}|}drnk|

q}m`mi lrmdr m|qdlnk| `ki`m |} qdhdbrd |md m|l}lfd`d lki hd vdhn mu `m l}dht}nmr kprk |mr

f}jdik(lkjbdpnrmhm|pngjd|klndhfdlnddhd|qmr|kid|lkidhgõiprd|pkrikjmipdh~t}mq}m`di

lrmdrhduklkihd|klnm`d`qdrd}idjmekrrmni|mrlnüi|klndh&Khnvmrd(2116.)

@}rdipm mh 2141 `k| m|p}`ndipm| `m hd M|l}mhd `m Q|nlkhkgêd `m hd ]invmr|n`d` `m Lk|pd Rnld(

Di`rî|@nidrpm|Bkgdipm|~D`rnäi\khê|Rked|ninlndrki`mjdimrdni`mqmi`nmipm}iqrklm|kqdrd

qk`mr‘rmqhnldr‚hdmqmrnmilndmiLk|pdRnld`m|`mmhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk&FIQ.)Grdlnd|

dhdlkhdbkrdlnüi`m\di`rdRnvmrd(q|nlühkgd`mhlmiprk~qmr|kimrk|`mh|mrvnlnk`n}rik|mq}`k

rmdhnudr}iqnhkpk(mhl}dhh}mgko}mdqrkbd`kqkrmhLki|mekPîlinlk`mhFIQ)H}mgk`mm|pkmhhk|qrklm`nmrkidimgklndrlkiRd`nk]qdrdqk`mrrmdhnudr}idlkqrk`}llnüi`mhjn|jk3dqdrpnr`mh

40`mOmbrmrk`mh2144|mninlndihd|prd|jn|nkim|`mQk`mjk|_khdr)

Qk`mjk| _khdr qrkqkim }i m|qdlnk `m `n|l}|nüi qdrd `nvmr|d| pmjäpnld|( miprm mhhd| hd \dh}`

Jmipdh)MiLk|pdRnldik|mfdi d`kqd|k|njqkrpdipm|rm|qmlpkdhkt}mhddpmilnüi`mqmr|kid|

lkidhgõi|}ornjnmipkq|êt}nlkmihd|lkj}in`d`m|(~dt}mmh|n|pmjdpk`dvêd|mqhdipmdlki}id

qrnjdlêd`mhFk|qnpdh(`mbn`kdhdnimn|pmipmong}rd`mgr}qk|`mdpmilnüimi\dh}`Jmipdhmihk|

MBDN\~Ärmd|`m\dh}`(ik|mmil}miprdiqrmqdrd`k|qdrdhddpmilnüi`mprd|pkrik|jä||mvmrk|(

~ik|mfdi`d`khd|vkh}ipd`qkhêpnldmnipmri|pnp}lnkidhimlm|drndqdrdrmokrjdrhddpmilnüi\dh}`

Jmipdh)Lkjkhkjmilnkidhd@mlhdrdlnüi`mLdrdld|&4>>1.m|imlm|drnkfdlmr}idrmvn|nüilrnpnld`m hk| jk`mhk| dlp}dhm|( nilh}~mi`k d hk| ‘}|}drnd| ~ }|}drnk|‚ `m m|k| |mrvnlnk|( d`mjä| `m

rmldhldrmhrm|qmpkdhk|@mrmlfk|F}jdik|mim|pd|ni|pnp}lnkim|)Qk`mjk|_khdridlmqdrd`dr

jd~kr`no}|nüi`mh`mlnr`mm|pd|qmr|kid|(`m|}mqrm|nüi(`m|`m`ki`mhk`m|mdi~lkjkhk

t}nmrmi `mlnr( pminmi`k lkjk mem hk| @@FF |nmi`k mh @mrmlfk d hd Hnbmrpd `m Mqrm|nüi mh

`nidjnud`kr `m pk`k| hk| `mjä|) M| njqkrpdipm rmlkr`dr t}m mh drpnl}hk 4> `m hd @mlhdrdlnüi

]invmr|dh`mhk|@mrmlfk|F}jdik|`nlm5‘Pk`kni`nvn`}kpnmim`mrmlfkdhdhnbmrpd``mkqninüi~

`m mqrm|nüi3 m|pm `mrmlfk nilh}~m mh `m ik |mr jkhm|pd`k d ld}|d `m |}| kqninkim|( mh `m

nivm|pngdr~rmlnbnrniokrjdlnkim|~kqninkim|(~mh`m`no}i`nrhd|(|nihnjnpdlnüi`morkipmrd|(qkr

l}dht}nmrjm`nk`mmqrm|nüi)‚)Qkrhkl}dhQk`mjk|_khdrqrkl}rdb}|ldr`êdd`êd}idjd~kr

qdrpnlnqdlnüi`m}|}drnd|~}|}drnk|`mm|pmlmiprk(d`mjä|`mmipdbhdrm|qdlnk|qdrdnrdbrnmi`ki}mvk|h}gdrm|`mdllnüi(lkjkhk|kihk|Qdbmhhkim|`mNipmridlnüi(`ki`mpk`dvêdik|ml}mipd

lkihdqk|nbnhn`d`)

Mhqrm|mipmniokrjm`mhdbkrm||mmhdbkrümihk|jm|m|`mMimrk~Ombrmrk`mh2142(rmldbdi`k

niokrjdlnüi`m`nomrmipm|jm`nk|mhmlprüinlk|(bnpälkrd|`mprdbdek~`k|l}m|pnkidrnk|(}ikqdrd

hd|~hkl}pkrm|(~kprkqdrdhd|~hk|qdrpnlnqdipm|kld|nkidhm| mhd|`nomrmipm|dlpnvn d`m|)



0

N)Kbempnvk|

Gmimrdh5

• Qrkqkrlnkidr}idqhdpdokrjdrd`nkoüinldqdrdmhlkipdlpk`mhd|~hk|}|}drnk|`mh|mrvnlnk

`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlklkihdqkbhdlnüiidlnkidh)

M|qmlêonlk|5

• Odlnhnpdr}im|qdlnk`mmqrm|nüird`nkoüinldqdrdhd|~hk|}|}drnk|`mh|mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh

@n}rik`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk)

• Brni`dr}iddlpnvn`d`dhd|~hk|}|}drnk|`mh|mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik`mhFk|qnpdh

IdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlkt}mq}m`do}ilnkidrlkjkrmlrmdlnüi~qdrdlrmlnjnmipkqmr|kidh)

• Qmrjnpnrdhdqkbhdlnüiidlnkidh}idlmrldjnmipkdlmrld`mhdlki`nlnüimit}m|m

mil}miprdihd|~hk|}|}drnk|`mh|mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidh

Q|nt}näprnlk)

M| njqkrpdipm jmilnkidr t}m m|pk| kbempnvk| o}mrki hk| qhdipmd`k| `m|`m }i ninlnk dipm mh

Lki|mekPîlinlk`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlkmimhdôk2141~hk|l}dhm||kihk|t}mfdi

g}nd`khdhdbkrrmdhnud`dmhdôk2144)Qkrhkl}dhm|pmniokrjmqmrjnpnrädidhnudr|nfdil}jqhn`k(

qmrkd|}vmu`drm|qdlnkqdrdmqkimrhd|qk|nbnhn`d`m|t}m|mfdidbnmrpk`mbn`kdhdrmhmvdilnd

t}mpkjdmhqrk~mlpkdhdqdrmlmrmihdm|omrdqõbhnld)

NN)Hdbkrm|Rmdhnud`d|

D)Qrkgrdjd|rmdhnud`k|

Qk`mjk| _khdrgrdbü 06 qrkgrdjd| `}rdipm mh2141 ~ 2144( `mhk| l}dhm| <1 lkipdrki lki hd

qrm|milnd`mnivnpd`k|~46|mprdpü`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.lkivmr|di`kmiprmmhhk|)Hd`niäjnld

`mprdbdekd`kqpd`d`mbn`kd`nonl}hpd`m|pîlinld|fdlmt}m|mmjnpdiqrkgrdjd|qrmgrdbd`k|

lkidipmrnkrn`d`(lkihdmlmqlnüi`mprm|5qrnjmr`êd`mlhd|m|`mhqrnjmrlnlhkhmlpnvk`mhd]LR(

1

41

21

<1

01

=1

Pkpdh`mqrkgrdjd| Qrkgrdjd|lkinivnpd`k| Qrkgrdjd||ninivnpd`k|

Ldi`d``mqrkgrdjd|~`n|prnb}lnüi

qkrnivnpd`k|

O}mipm5mhdbkrdlnüiqrkqnd`mhdQrk`}llnüi`mQk`mjk|_khdr



=

lmhmbrdlnüi`mhk|qrnjmrk||mn|jm|m|`mm|pdrdhdnrm~dhjn|jkpnmjqkqkrl}jqhnr|m}idôk`m

hdgrdbdlnüi mhqrnjmrqrkgrdjd(~onidhjmipmqkrjkpnvk`mhdN\mjdid mhd\dh}`Jmipdh)

@mpk`k|hk|m|qdlnk|rd`ndhm|qrk`}ln`k|(=|mprdi|jnpnmrkidqrnilnqnk|`mh2142(lkimhjkpnvk

`mjdipmimr|mdhdnrmqkrmhpnmjqkt}mhk|o}ilnkidrnk|`mhFk|qnpdh~`mh\n|pmjdRd`nkoüinlk`m

hd]LRm|p}vnmrki`mvdldlnkim|)

@m hk| qrkgrdjd| t}m p}vnmrki nivnpd`k|( mi 44 |m lkipü lki qmr|kidh t}m hdbkrd mi mh FIQ(

lkipdbnhnuäi`k|m40 qmr|kid|t}mo}mrkimiprmvn|pd`d|) Qk`mjk|_khdr`m|md|mr}i`n|qk|npnvk

rd nkoüinlk mi mh t}m pdjbnîi qdrpnlnqmi hk| o}ilnkidrnk| `mh FIQ( |ni qmr mr `m vn|pd t}m mh

îiod|n|m|pämihk|qdlnmipm|)

^d t}m hk| lkhdbkrd`krm| `m hd ni|pnp}lnüi lkivnvmi ~ prdbdedi `êd d `êd lki qmr|kid| lki

prd|pkrik| jmipdhm| m| pdjbnîi imlm|drnk t}m |} vku |m m|l}lfm lkjk qdrpm `mh qrklm|k `m

|mi|nbnhnudlnüi~`m|m|pngjdpnudlnüi)Mhqmr|kidh`m|dh}`jmipdhpdjbnîi`mbmfdlmr|mkêrmiqdrd

jmekrdrhd|np}dlnüimihdt}m|mmil}miprd)

Mhqmr|kidht}mo}mnivnpd`kdqdrpnlnqdro}mmh|ng}nmipm(hn|pd`kmimhkr`mimit}mfdidqdrmln`k

mihd|prdi|jn|nkim|5

• @r)DbmhQdlfmlk(jnmjbrk`mhdE}ipd`m\dh}`

• @r)BmiedjêiJmeêd(`nrmlpkr`mhHdbkrdpkrnkLhêinlk

• Ldrhk|\di`kvdh(q|nlühkgk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik

• @r)_êlpkrIdvdrrmpm(`nrmlpkr`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk

• Di`rmd_ndhm|(pmrdqn|pdkl}qdlnkidh• NvdindLfnilfnhhd(q|nlühkgd`m

qdbmhhkim|

• Gmrdr`kKrkulk(pmrdqn|pdkl}qdlnkidh• GrdlnmhdBrmim|(q|nlkqm`dgkgd• CmiimpfDrrnmpd(konlndh m|mg}rn`d`• Di`rî|(konlndh`m|mg}rn`d`• N|jdmhJkrdhm|(miomrjmrk• JdrêdD`nhndG}pnîrrmu(qrm|n`mipd`m

hd|@djd|_kh}ipdrnd|• N|dbmhOki|mld(@djd_kh}ipdrnd

1=

414=212=

4> 44

Qmr|kidem|qõbhnlk|+qmr|kid|mpmrid|

Qmr|kidh`mhFIQ

Rmhdlnüi5nivnpd`k|

~ldi`d``mqmr|kid|

Iõjmrk`mqmr|kid|




?

\mgrdbdrki4>qrkgrdjd|t}mlkipdrkilkihdqrm|milnd`mqmr|kidem|qõbhnlk|k`mqmr|kid|

mpmrid|dhFIQ(qdrd}ipkpdh`m2<nivnpd`k|&d|.)Hdrduüiqkrhdl}dhfd~}idjd~krqrk`}llnüi

`mm|pk|(|m `mbmd t}m|m`m|mddlmrldrdhdqkbhdlnüimi gmimrdhdhdqrkbhmjäpnld`mhd|dh}`

jmipdh ~ qkrmhhk jn|jk |m imlm|npdbd `m qmr|kidem| t}mjkvnhnudrdi nipmrî| mi hk| m|l}lfd|)

D}it}mhdqrnilnqdhrduüiqkrhdl}dho}mrkiqdrpm`mhd|grdbdlnkim|rd`nldmimhnipmrî|`mhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.qkrlkivmr|drlkim|pd|qmr|kid|)

D lkipni}dlnüi |m rm|môd hk| qmr|kidem| qõbhnlk|k qmr|kid|mpmrid| dh FIQ dllm`nmrki d |mr

qdrpêlnqm| `m hd| lkivmr|dlnkim| `m Qk`mjk| _khdr) Hd hn|pd lkrrm|qki`m dh kr`mi mi t}m hk|

qrkgrdjd||mfdiprdi|jnpn`k5

• ^djnhmpfGkiuähmu(rmlpkrd`mhd]LR• GdbrnmhBdhhm|pmrk(q|nlühkgk`mh

Ni|pnp}pkWMJ

• Jdi}mhRk`rêg}mu(mqdlnmipmnipmrik• Rk|dJdrpêimu(qmrnk`n|pd• JdrêdH}n|dÄvnhd(mJnin|prd`m\dh}`• E}diJdi}mhLkr`mrk(_nlmJnin|prk`m

Prdbdek• H}n|M`k)@êdu(qmrn`n|pd`mHdIdlnüi• \kiäjb}hkQ|nlkprkqnldh&E}di~@dvn`.• JdrpdM}gmindLdhvk(jdjä mRnldr`k

• JnrndjJkrmrd(jdjä`mQdbhk• Lnipf~dLdh`mrüi(qrk`}lpkrd`m\mk

\mipn`k

• Omridi`kLfnrkin(qrk`}lpkr`mrd nk• M|p}`ndipm|`mq|nlkhkgêd&}id|7

m|p}`ndipm|.• Dhmdi`rdHdpn|fmv(`nrmlpkrd`mlnim• QdkhdDhodrk(m|p}`ndipm`mq|nlkhkgêd~

lkhdbkrd`krd`mQk`mjk|_khdr• D`rnäi_mgd(pîlinlk`md}`nk`mh

\n|pmjdRd`nkoüinlk`mhd]LR

Pdjbnîi |m `mbm rm|môdr t}m mi l}dprk kld|nkim| |m lkipü lki d}`nk| `m `n|pnipd| rd`nk|

dhrm`m`kr `mh j}i`k t}m hhmvdi d ldbk hdbkrm| |njnhdrm| d Qk`mjk| _khdr5 Rd nk Hd Lkhnodpd

&Drgmipnid.(Rd`nkHk|Nim|pdbhm|&Drgmipnid.(Rd`nk_nhdr`mvku&]r}g}d~.(Rd`nkDbnmrpd&Jînlk.(

Rä`nkD}rkrdK}prd_ku&Qkrp}gdh.~Rd`nkInck|nd&M|qdôd.)M|pkfdqmrjnpn`klnmrpk`nähkgkmiprm

hd|qmr|kid|t}mqk|mmiprd|pkrik|jmipdhm|~miprmhk|mt}nqk|mildrgd`k|)

Mi Qk`mjk| _khdr hk| pmjd| prdpd`k| o}mrki j}~ vdrnd`k|( mhmgn`k| mi lkie}ipk miprm

Hkl}pkrm|&d|.~Qrk`}llnüi)Hdjd~krêd`mmhhk||mmjnpm}id|khdvmu(|nimjbdrgk(l}di`k|mfd

prdpd`k`mqmr|kidem|t}m|ki`noêlnhm|`mlki|mg}nrkt}m|}prd~mlpkrnd~rdigk`mdllnüiqkhêpnlk

qk`rêdiniln`nrmiqkhêpnld|kdllnkim|dodvkr`mhd|qmr|kid|lkiprd|pkrikjmipdh|mfd`mln`n`k

grdbdr}i|mg}i`kqrkgrdjd)Mikprd|kld|nkim|mhpmjdfdrm|}hpd`kpdinipmrm|dipmqdrdhk|&d.

hkl}pkrm|&d.t}mpdjbnîi|mqrklm`mdmpmi`mrhdlkivmr|dlnüiqdrd}id|mg}i`dprdi|jn|nüi)



7

Mipkpdh(|mmhdbkrdrki0<pmjd|`n|pnipk|5

*Hdiudjnmipk&4mrqrkgrdjd.*\}môk|~jmpd|*HdOdjnhnd

*Mivnvk54dôk mhdgrdbdlnüi`mhqrnjmrqrkgrdjd~`m?jm|m|dhdnrm

*M`}ldlnüi&Mivnvk`m|`mmhQrmpnh]LR.

*Jõ|nld*_nkhmilnd@kjî|pnld*Miomrjm`d`jmipdh~jm`nk|

*\m}dhn`d`

*\m}dhn`d`2*@êd`mhimgrk

*Lkjmipdrnk|`med`k|mihd|rm`m||klndhm|*Lk|pdRnld*\mjdid\dipd*Jdimek`m|mipnjnmipk|

*2¥Lkivmr|dlnüilkiRd`nkHk|Nim|pdbhm|&Drg.*MivnvkqkrhdN\mjdid`mhd\dh}`Jmipdh*»T}îm|}ihklk;&lkid}`nk|`mvdrnd|rd`nk|.*Lkivmr|dlnüilkiOmridi`kLfnrkin

*Ldi|dilnk`mgrdbdr*Lkivmr|dlnüilkiRd`nkDbnmrpd&Jî.*Djkr

*Qîr`n`d|*Lkivmr|dlnüilkihdmJnin|prd`m|dh}`*Lkivmr|dlnüilkihdmJnin|prd`m|dh}`2

*Qrmjnk`d`kqkrhd@momi|krêd`mhk|Fdbnpdipm|

*M|qdrlnjnmipk+Fkkbnm|+PnmjqkHnbrm*Fn|pkrnd|`mhFIQ*Lkivmr|dlnüilkim|p}`ndipm|Q|nlkhkgêd

*Lkivmr|dlnüilkimh_nlmjnin|prk`mPrdbdek*Lkivmr|dlnüilkimh_nlmjnin|prk`mprdbdek2*LL\\~|dh}`jmipdh*»Lüjk|mfdi|mipn`kmim|pk|0jm|m|;

*Onm|pd`mh`êd`m\diRdodmh*Qdrpnlnqdlnüi`mj}emrm|mihd|rd`nk|*Idvn`d`*Dôki}mvk

*L}jjnig(rmlkr`di`kdlkjqdômrk|odhhmln`k|*D`nllnkim|*Lkivmr|dlnüilkijnmjbrk| mhgr}qk

\kiäjb}hk

*Jdrnbmhh*Jnlrkqrkgrdjd|*@djd|_kh}ipdrnd|*Qrkgrdjdg}nd`kqkrD`rnäi_mgd&pîlinlk`m

grdbdlnüi`mh\n|pmjdRd`nkoüinlk`mhd]LR.*Lkivmr|dlnüilkiRd`nkHk|Nim|pdbhm|&Drg.*Dlpnvn`d`m|t}m|mrmdhnudimimhFIQ

*@êd`mhd|Jd`rm|*@êd`mhd|Jd`rm|2

B)M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdh

\n }id `m hd| qrkq}m|pd| `m Qk`mjk| _khdr m| qk`mr rmdhnudr }id lki|pr}llnüi |klndh `m }i

lkilmqpk`m\dh}`jmipdhhdõinldjdimrd`mfdlmrhkm|b}|ldi`kkqlnkim|`mlkipdlpkmiprmhd

|klnm`d` ~ hd qkbhdlnüi `mh Fk|qnpdh Idlnkidh Q|nt}näprnlk) Qkr hk l}dh `mbn`k d ninlndpnvd `m

ni|pnp}lnkim| ~ `mh mt}nqk `m Qk`mjk| _khdr `}rdipm mh dôk 2144 |m hhmvdrki dldbk vdrnk|

‘M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdh‚(}ih}gdrqdrdt}m|mlki|pr}~dmilkie}ipk)

_dhmdlhdrdrt}mhk|qrkgrdjd|pdjbnîi|ki}i‘M|qdlnk`m\dh}`Jmipdh‚|khkt}mqdrdpîrjnik|

`mm|pmniokrjmfnlnjk|}id|mqdrdlnüimiprmqrkgrdjd|~kprd|dlpnvn`d`m|)

Ombrmrk

Jdruk

Dbrnh

Jd~k

E}ink

E}ink

D k|pk

@nlnmjb

Ikvnmjb

Klp}brm

\m pnmj

D k|pk

Mimrk‖



6

@}rdipmmhdôk|mrmdhnudrkimipkpdhprmlmdlpnvn`d`m|5

4Rm}inüilkihdHnl`dGn|mhhmBkud(@nrmlpkrd\n|pmjdRd`nkoüinlk]LR)

0Lfdrhd|lkim|p}`ndipm|~o}ilnkidrnk|(`mGmimrdhm|(`mhLmiprk`mBnkhkgêdLmh}hdr~Jkhml}hdr~Q|nlkhkgêd`mhd]LR)

2Lnimokrk|

4Ekrid`d`m\dh}`Jmipdh(krgdinud`dqkrmhJnin|pmrnk`m\dh}`)

4Mqk|nlnüi`mhqrk~mlpk(dldrgk`mhk|Qrk`}lpkrm|(\mjdid`m\dh}`Jmipdh)

2Qdrpnlnqdlnkim|mimhqrkgrdjdImk|(Ldidh4=]LR)

4Pdhhmr`mPmdprk(\mjdid`m\dh} Jmipdh)

4Miprmvn|pdQrkgrdjdRd`nk671\dh}`Jmipdh)

Lkjk |m jmilnkid mi hd niprk`}llnüi hk njqkrpdipm `m m|pm pnqk `m dllnkim| m| qmrjnpnr mh

lkipdlpk lki hd |klnm`d`( qdrd qrkqnlndr mh `n|l}r|k `m hd| qmr|kid| mi rmfdbnhnpdlnüi ~+k

nipmrvmilnüi`miprk`mm|qdlnk|`ki`m|kirmlkikln`k|~rm|qmpd`k|3b}|ldi`kjdrldrhd|bd|m|

qdrd}ijk`mhklkj}inpdrnk`mjklräpnlk~`nvmr|k`ki`mld`d}id`mhd|qmr|kid|lkidhgõi

|}ornjnmipk q|êt}nlk |mdidpmi`n`d| `m|`m |}| lkj}in`d`m| |ni `n|lrnjnidlnüi |klndh ~ lki hd|

m|pr}lp}rd|`m|mg}rn d`|klndhimlm|drnd|)

Dhninlnkmhmt}nqk`mhkl}pkrm|~hkl}pkrd|jdinom|püt}mmrd`noêlnhl}brnr|}|gd|pk|`mprd|hd`k(

qkr hkl}dh|m ninlnü hd`n|l}|nüi `mlrmdr }ioki`k mhl}dho}mrd d`jnin|prd`k qkr mhhd|~ mhhk|

jn|jk|) @}rdipm |mjdid| |m jdimedrki `nomrmipm| qrkq}m|pd|) Mh `êd ? `m E}ink m|p}vk lkjk

nivnpd`kmhqrk`}lpkrrd`nkoüinlk(Omridi`kLfnrkin(mhl}dhdh|mrqdrpm`mhd`n|l}|nüi|kbrmmh

Oki`kqrmg}ipü5»Qmrkt}îfdlmodhpd;(dhg}nmi`nek(¤Qhdpd$(dhkt}mOmridi`krm|qki`nü`nlnmi`k

t}mmh`dbdmhqrnjmrdqkrpmdhOki`k3`mdfêvdrnk|`mhk|qrm|mipm|`mln`nmrkidqkrpdr(miprm

mhhd| }id| m|p}`ndipm| `m Q|nlkhkgêd t}m hhmgdrki d vmr ~ qdrpnlnqdr `mh @n|qk|npnvk) \mjdid|

`m|q}î||mo}mrkimhdbkrdi`khd|rmghd|qdrd}|k`mh`nimrk~hdjdimrd`mfdlmrdqkrpm|(d|ê

lkjkt}m|}mildrgd`ko}mrdmhhkl}pkrEkrgmLdjqk|~o}mrdon|ldhnud`kRnldr`kLdôd|&pdjbnîi

hkl}pkr.)D`mjä|hdmildrgd`d`mdq}ipdrhk|jkvnjnmipk`m`nimrkm|hddlp}dhqdrmed`mEkrgm(

JdrnpudBdhpk`dik)

\nmjqrm |m b}|ld hd qdrpnlnqdlnüi `m pk`d| ~ pk`k| mi hd| dlpnvn d`m|( qmrk |m pnmim mi

lki|n`mrdlnüi t}m j}lfd| `m hd| dlpnvn d`m| |m `di mi fkrdrnk `ki`m hd jd~krêd pnmim

lkjqrkjn|k|lkimh\mrvnlnk@n}rik`mhFk|qnpdh(qkrhkl}dh|mqrkl}rdkrgdinudrmimhjn|jk

mt}nqkhd|qdrpnlnqdlnkim|mihk|‘M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdh‚(qdrdt}mm|päiqmrjnpdit}mpk`d|~

pk`d|qdrpnlnqmi`mjdimrdmt}npdpnvd)



>

Hdrmprkdhnjmipdlnüirmlnbn`d`mqdrpmhdqkbhdlnüit}mikqmrpmimlmdhFk|qnpdh@n}rikni`nld

lüjk hk| ‘M|qdlnk| `m \dh}` Jmipdh‚ |ki qk|npnvk| qdrd hd| qmr|kid| t}m qdrpnlnqdi `m mhhk|(

`ki`m ‘hk pmrdqî}pnlk‚ m| qdrpm `m ld`d }ik `m hd| ~ hk| njqhnld`k| mi ld`d }ik `m hk|

dlkipmlnjnmipk|(`ki`m|mdbrmm|qdlnkqdrdlki|pr}nr‘hd|dh} jmipdh‚(qmrkik|ühkm|k(hdvn`d(

hd]invmr|n`d`(mhd}pkbõ|(hd|qk|nbnhn`d`m|t}m`mvmigdimim|mm|qdlnk)

Kprk`mhk|‘M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdh‚|mlkkr niülkimhLmiprkNivm|pngdlnüimiBnkhkgêdLmh}hdr

~Jkhml}hdr&LNBLJ.)@}rdipmhd|mjdid`mh41dh40`mKlp}brm|mrmdhnuühd‘N\mjdid`mhd\dh}`

Jmipdh‚&_mrDimk.(hdl}dhlkipülki`nvmr|d|dlpnvn`d`m|5lnimokrk(pmdprk(lfdrhd|(mpl)Hdomlfd

o}mmhmgn`d`mbn`kd t}mmh@êdNipmridlnkidh`mhd\dh}`Jmipdhm|mh41`mKlp}brm)Mh kbempnvk

`dr}idvn|nüiidlnkidh`m}ipmjdt}m|mfdpmin`krmhmgd`kmimhqdê|)

]id `m hd| dlpnvn d`m| o}m qdrpnlnqdr mi hd| Ekrid`d| |kbrm \dh}` Jmipdh krgdinud`d| qkr mh

Jnin|pmrnk `m \dh}` `m Lk|pd Rnld) Mi m|pm m|qdlnk Mhorîi \khdik &hkl}pkr. hkgrü rmdhnudr }id

miprmvn|pdmivnvkdhd|môkrdKomhndPdnhpmhbd}j(@momi|krd`mhk|Fdbnpdipm|(~dRkbmrpkL}mhhdr(

@nrmlpkr`mhNi|pnp}pkNipmrdjmrnldik`m@mrmlfk|F}jdik|)

Hd|~hk|hkl}pkrm|t}mqdrpnlnqdrkilki|n`mrdrkit}mo}mqk|npnvk(mlmqpkImh|kiDrd~d(t}m|m

|nipnü}iqklknilüjk`k(dhmilkiprdr|mmi}ih}gdrhhmik`m‘gmipmnjqkrpdipm‚)M|`mm|qmrdr|m

t}mj}lfk||mmilkiprdrdi }iqklkdi|nk|k|`mbn kt}m`m|grdlnd`djmipmj}lfd|vmlm|qdrd

m|pmpnqk`mmvmipk|ik|mfdlmqdrpnlnqmdqmr|kid|t}mrmlnbmim|ddpmilnüimi|dh}`5hd|~hk|

‘}|}drnk|~+kqdlnmipm|‚)

Hdqdrpnlnqdlnüi`mhk|hkl}pkrm|mihd|Ekrid`d|`m\dh} Jmipdhm|njqkrpdipm~dt}mm|qdrpm`m

hd|pdrd|qmi`nmipm|`mhd|~hk|‘}|}drnk|~+kqdlnmipm|‚5imlm|npdikrgdinudr|mqkhêpnldjmipm~`m

jdimrdni`mqmi`nmipm(}ih}gdrqdrdvku(|mdm|pdhdt}m|md(ikqk`mjk||mg}nrmlh}~mi`k|}

qdrpnlnqdlnüi)Jä|t}m|}empk|`m‘nipmrvmilnüi‚`mqrkom|nkidhm|mi\dh}`Jmipdh|ki|}empk|`m@mrmlfk|(hkl}dhm|jmrmlmimemrlmr`m|`mhdlki`nlnüi`ki`m|mmil}miprmi)Hd\dh}`Jmipdh|m

lki|pr}~mimiprmpk`d|~pk`k|(qkrhkl}dh|m`mbmd|mg}rdr|}qdrpnlnqdlnüi(jkpnvdrhd~ik|khk

fdlmrhd`m‘dhg}id|~dhg}ik|‚l}dipk|)

L)Ikpd|miQrmi|d

@}rdipmmhdôkQk`mjk|_khdro}mpkjd`kmil}mipdqdrd?rmqkrpdem|`mpmhmvn|nüi(<rmqkrpdem|

mi`ndrnk|~4rmqkrpdemmi}idrmvn|pd)@mm|k|=rmqkrpdem|(<o}mrkimhdbkrd`k|qkrPmhmikpnlnd|~ < qkr Ldidh4= ]LR &2mi Imk|~ 4 miJdpmrnd Grn|.( m|pkqmrjnpm dlmrldrmh qrkgrdjd qkr

`nomrmipm||mgjmipk|`m hdqkbhdlnüiidlnkidh(~dt}m hk|ikpnlndrnk|l}mipdilki}iqõbhnlk}i

qklkjd~krt}mhd|qmr|kid|dhk|l}dhm|m|päi`nrngn k|hk|qrkgrdjd|`mhldidh}invmr|npdrnk)

Hk| rmqkrpdem| mi`ndrnk| o}mrki 2 miHd Idlnüi &_nvd~ Qrkd.~ }ik mihd Pmed lkjk rmqkrpdem

qrnilnqdh)F}bk}irmqkrpdemmihdRmvn|pdBnmim|pdr(qmrkd`mjä|}ik`mhk|hkl}pkrm|rmdhnuü}i

drpêl}hkmihdRmvn|pd\kfk(mimh|}qhmjmipkt}m|m`m`nlüdprd|pkrik|jmipdhm|)



41

_dhmhdqmidrmldhldrmim|pmm|qdlnk(m|lüjkmim|pmdôk~dmhqrkgrdjdokrjdqdrpm`mhd

niokrjdlnüiikpnlnk|d`mnjqkrpdipm|jm`nk| mlkj}inldlnüi`mhqdê|)Hd|~hk|hkl}pkrm|qd|did

okrjdrqdrpm`mhd`niäjnld`mik|ühk‘niokrjdr‚dkprd|~kprk||nikd|mrniokrjd`k|qkrkprd|~

kprk|(hkt}mhk|v}mhvmdlkhkldrmiqdrpm`m`niäjnld||klndhm|`mhd|l}dhm|dipm|ik|mqrm|pdbd

jd~krdpmilnüi)

D}it}mld`djm`nkpnmimhdni`mqmi`milnd`mqrm|mipdrhdniokrjdlnüilkjkjmekrhdlki|n`mrm

|nmjqrm|mrmldhld`m|`mhdQrk`}llnüi~|mm|qmrdt}m|md`mdl}mr`kdrmldhldrhk|@mrmlfk|

F}jdik|~hddqmrp}rd`m}id|klnm`d`jä|`nvmr|d(lk|dt}mhdjd~krêd`mhd|ikpd|p}vnmrkimi

l}mipd)

@)Rm`m|\klndhm|

@miprk`mht}mfdlmr |klndhlkipmjqkräimkhd njqhmjmipdlnüipmlikhügnld fdkl}qd`k}iqdqmhnjqkrpdipm) Miprm m|pd| njqhmjmipdlnkim| m|päi hd| rm`m| |klndhm|5 m|qdlnk| qdrd lkjqdrpnr

niokrjdlnüilkiqmr|kid|t}mokrjmiqdrpm`mhdrm``mhqmronhvnrp}dht}mpnmimimim|drm`)

Fd~ rm`m| |klndhm|j}~ `nvmr|d|~ |m q}m`mi lhd|nonldr `m j}lfd| jdimrd| `mqmi`nmi`k`m hd

ldpmgkrnudlnüi t}m |m fdgd3 hd jä| lkjõi m| qkr mh jdpmrndh t}m |m lkjqdrpm( okpk|( vn`mk|(

m|lrnpk|(mpl)Qkrdfkrdmhqrk~mlpkpnmimqmronhm|t}mhd|rm`m||klndhm|jä|njqkrpdipm|5^k}p}bm(

Odlmbkkc(Pwnppmr~Ohnlcr)

Hd| rm`m| |klndhm||ki}i lkjqhmjmipk`m Qk`mjk| _khdr qmrk pdjbnîimn|pmiqmr|kid| t}m

q}m`mim|l}lfdrmhqrkgrdjd~qmrpmimlmrdinig}id`mmhhd|)Hknjqkrpdipm`mhd|rm`m||klndhm|

m|`êdd`êdqk`mr`no}i`nrniokrjdlnüi~kbpmimrrmdhnjmipdlnüi`mhd|qmr|kid|t}mqmrpmimlmid

m|pd|)



44

@)45^k}p}bm5

L}d`rk)@dpk|@mjkgräonlk| k}p}bm)O}mipm5^k}p}bm)

Mi^k}p}bm|mkb|mrvdlkjkhd|j}emrm||kihd|t}mjä|rmqrk`}lmimhjdpmrndh`mQk`mjk|

_khdr&=0-.)Hd|rmqrk`}llnkim|miprmhk||mgjmipk|mpdrnk|`m46d=0dôk|pnmimi}idpmi`milnd

j}~|njnhndr)Mihk|fkjbrm|&0?-.mn|pm}ihmvm`m|lmi|kmimh|mgjmipk`mhk|<=d00dôk|(

qmrkpdjbnîi|mjdipnmimi|njnhdrm|mhi}jmrk`mrmqrk`}llnkim|)

Hdjd~krêd`mm|pd|rmqrk`}llnkim||kimhLk|pdRnld(|mg}n`kmijmikrjm`n`dqkrqdê|m|`mh

lkik|}r~M}rkqd)



42

L}d`rk)H}gdrm|`mPräonlk

Mim|pml}d`rk\mj}m|prdlüjkhdjd~krêd`mm|pd|rmqrk`}llnkim|fdivmin`k`m|npnk|wmbo}mrd`m^k}p}bmkni|mrpd`kmikprk|m|qdlnk|(t}mvnmimd|mrj}~qdrmln`k(m|pkrmqrm|mipdmh

0=(2- `mhd| rmqrk`}llnkim|) M|pk q}m`m ni nldr t}m vdrnk| |npnk| wmb fdi }|d`k jdpmrndh `mh

ldidhqdrdjk|prdrd|}|hmlpkrm|~d`mjä|t}m|mlkjqdrpmmhjdpmrndh`m`nvmr|d|rm`m||klndhm|)

Qkr hk l}dh d}it}m mh präonlk ik m| jd|nvk( ld|n 2 qmr|kid| dh `êd mi mh dôk m|p}vnmrki

rmqrk`}lnmi`kjdpmrndh`mQk`mjk|_khdr)



4<

@)25Odlmbkkc5

M|pdrm`|klndhm|}id`mhd|jd|lkikln`d|~lkigrdildipn`d``mqmr|kid|t}mpnmimi}iqmronh)

Hdqägnid`mhqrk~mlpk|mhdiuümiMimrk`mh2144(hdl}dhfdn`kmilrmlnjnmipklki|pdipm(mim|pm

jkjmipk4401qmr|kid|fdi`d`k‘JmG}|pd‚dQk`mjk|_khdr)Odlmbkkckormlm}id|mrvnlnk`m

m|pd`ê|pnldmil}dhdidhnudrmjk|)

L}d`rk)@dpk|@mjkgräonlk|Odlmbkkc)O}mipmOdlmbkkc)

Jä| j}emrm| fdi dgrmgd`k hd qägnid( }i =6- `mh pkpdh mi lkjqdrdlnüi dh <6- `m fkjbrm|)

D`mjä|t}mmhgr}qkmpdrnkt}mlkilmiprdmh7?-`mqmr|kid|`mhqmronhvdi`m|`mhk|46dhk|<0

dôk|(d|qmlpkt}mlkniln`mlkimhqõbhnlkjmpdqrkq}m|pkt}mm|`mhk|21d01dôk|)Hdjd~krêd

`mhd|qmr|kid|t}mhk|ng}mi|kilk|pdrrnlmi|m|(mhrm|pk|mprdpd`mqmr|kid|`mDjîrnldHdpnid~

dhg}id|`mM}rkqd)Lkirm|qmlpkd`ki`mh}gdr`mfdbnpdlnüi`mh|mlpkrlk|pdrrnlmi|m(grdiqdrpm



40

|ki`mhdGDJ~kprdqmt}môdqdrpm(t}mik`med|mr|nginonldpnvd(qrklm`mi`mkprd|ln}`d`m|

hdpnikdjmrnldid|)

@m dl}mr`k lki hd| m|pd`ê|pnld| t}m qrkqkrlnkid Odlmbkkc hd| q}bhnldlnkim| t}m dhldiudi }i

jd~kr invmh `m `no}|nüi( dhldilm ~ fdlm t}m ‘hd| qmr|kid| fdbhmi‚ |ki dt}mhhd| |kbrm hd

prdi|jn|nüi`m hk|qrkgrdjd|( pdipkl}di`k|m dvn|d t}mm|päqkrninlndrlkjkl}di`k pmrjnid)D`mjä|kprkd|qmlpkt}mhkgrdbd|pdipm`no}|nüi|kihd|okpk|`mhd|~hk|hkl}pkrm|(hd|l}dhm|

kbpnmimij}lfkdqk~k`mhd|qmr|kid|)

Mi pîrjnik| gmimrdhm| hd| qmr|kid| vmi jdpmrndh q}bhnld`k mi Qk`mjk| _khdr `m jdimrd

‘krgäinld‚ k `nrmlpdjmipm `m|`m mh j}rk `mh qrkgrdjd qmrk pnmim }i dhldilm vnrdh j}~

njqkrpdipm)Mimhgräonlk`morml}milnd`mhd}hpnjd|mjdid|mj}m|prdd|ê5

L}d`rk)@dpk|`mOrml}milnd`mvn|pd`mhjdpmrndh)O}mipm)Odlmbkkc

Dhrm`m`kr `m }id| <11 qmr|kid| m|pd |mjdid &`mh <4 `m mimrk dh = `m ombrmrk. fdi vn|pk mh

jdpmrndhqkrhkjmik|}idvmu~dfêvd`m|lmi nmi`k)Qmrkm|nipmrm|dipmlkjklrmlmh}mgklki

qmr|kid|`m vnmrki jdpmrndh ? d jä| vmlm|) Ik |mq}m`m kbpmimr jä| `dpk|dh rm|qmlpk(qmrk

qk`rêd nipmrqrmpdr|m t}m hd qägnid m| |mg}n`d qkr qmr|kid| t}m pnmimi j}lfk nipmrî| mi mh

jdpmrndh~m|päidpmipd|~dpmipk|dhd|q}bhnldlnkim|)

D}it}mik|m q}m`m`mlnrt}mhdqägnidik pnmim}id|lmi|kvmrpngnik|k`m|`m|} lrmdlnüi|n |m

q}m`m`mlnrt}mm|lki|pdipm(`di`klkjkqrkjm`nk}id|>1i}mvd|qmr|kid|qkrjm|)



4=

M|njqkrpdipmt}mm|pd|m|pd`ê|pnld|ik`dil}mipd`mhdhdbkrjä|njqkrpdipm`mm|pmpnqk`m

m|qdlnk|(t}mm|hd`n|l}|nüi|kbrm`nomrmipm|d|qmlpk|rmhdlnkid`k|lkihd|~hk|hkl}pkrm|t}mhd

lkiokrjdi(qmrjnpnmi`kvdhkrdrdhpmridpnvd|~`di`k}idvn|nüiqk|npnvd)Dlä}imemjqhk5

L}d`rk)LkjmipdrnkOdlmbkkc)O}mipm5Odlmbkkc)

M|pk|lkjmipdrnk|o}mrkipkjd`k|`mhvn`mkt}m|mfnuklkijkpnvk`mhdidvn`d`~t}mdhg}id|

qmr|kid|hklkjqdrpnmrkimiOdlmbkkc)Lkjmipdrkidlmrld`mlüjk`n|or}pdivnmi`kmhvn`mk(Ordiln|lkOdhhd|ni`nldt}mhkfdvn|pklnilkvmlm||mg}n`d|(Lrn|pndiJdrêi`nlmt}mhmfnukrmlkr`dr

ln}`d`dik|t}m|nmjqrm|mhmkhvn`dit}mmn|pmi)Mim|pk|lkjmipdrnk|vmjk|lkjkqklkdqklk

|mvdnilh}~mi`k`miprk`mhd`niäjnld|klndhmhpmjd`mhd|qmr|kid|t}mm|päimimhFk|qnpdh

IdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk(qkrmhjkjmipkhd|qmr|kid|`mhFk|qnpdh@n}rik)@ki`m|mdbrmd`n|l}|nüi

hdhkl}rd(hdmiomrjm`d`jmipdh~hdln}`d`diêd)



4?

Kprkmemjqhkm|mh`mJdrnkEk|îRked|(t}m`meümh|ng}nmipmlkjmipdrnkmh`êd<`mOmbrmrkmimh

j}rk`mhdQrk`}llnüi5

‘Mlmhmipmm|qdlnk)Fmm|l}lfd`km|pmqrkgrdjd}iqdr`m kld|nkim|~ jmnjqdlpüj}lfê|njk

}id n`md `m }i nipmrvninmipm( m|pd qmr|kid |m qrmg}ipü5 fd|pd t}m q}ipk m|pdr qhmidjmipm

d`dqpd`k d hd |klnm`d`m| |niüinjk `m m|pdbnhn d` jmipdh;L}di`k m|pm |n|pmjd |klndh mi t}mlkivnvnjk|~t}m|mmildrgd`mprdudrhdhêimdmiprmhdlkr`}rd~hdhkl}rd(|mmil}miprdqdpd|

drrnbd(dhrmvî|)Pdhvmu(|ühkpdhvmu(hk|t}mm|päidfêd`miprk(miQdvd|(|mm|päiqrkpmgnmi`k`m

"ik|kprk|"hk|t}mm|pdjk|do}mrd)\dh}`k|~|ngdid`mhdipm)‚

M|m|milndht}mhd|qmr|kid|q}m`di`n|l}pnrdlmrld`mh‘hduk|klndh‚t}mpnmimi(hk|`mdo}mrd~hk|

d`miprk(qkrhkl}dhvmjk|t}mqklkdqklk(mhqrkgrdjd~m|pdrm`|klndh|nrvmqdrdm|d`n|l}|nüi(

qdrdninlndrhdmnrlrmdi`krmhdlnkim|miprmdjbk|)

@)<Pwnppmr5

M|pdrm`|klndhikl}mipdlki}i|mrvnlnk`mm|pd`ê|pnld|(qmrk`m|`m|}lrmdlnüifd|pdmh`êd`m

fk~l}mipdlki 4>2|mg}n`krm|)Hd nipmrdllnüim|jmikrd hd`m hd|dipmrnkrm|rm`m||klndhm|(|}

dlpnvn`d` qrnilnqdh |ki hk| rmpwmmp| ~ rm|qki`mr lki|}hpd| |kbrm mh qrkgrdjd( m|pk qkr t}m

`}rdipmhdmjn|nüidhdnrmhdqrk`}llnüiprdi|lrnbmhk|lkjmipdrnk|t}m|mvdimjnpnmi`k(qdrdt}m

hd|~hk||mg}n`krm|pdjbnîi‘|ngdi‚`mdhg}idjdimrdhdprdi|jn|nüi)

@)0Ohnlcr5

M|qmlndhnud`dmi hd|klndhnudlnüi `m okpkgrdoêd|(qrm|mipd}iddoh}milnd njqkrpdipm `mqmr|kid|)

D}it}m m|pd rm |klndh qrm|mipd qrkbhmjd| `mbn`k d t}m |ühk m| qk|nbhm |}bnr }id ldipn`d`

hnjnpd`d`mjdpmrndh(qkrhkl}dhhd|okpk|jä|vnmed|ikq}m`midllm|dr(qkrhkl}dhm|lkivminmipm

b}|ldrkprk||npnk|t}mikrm|prniedihdldipn`d` mjdpmrndh)

M)Rmlkiklnjnmipk`mqdrpm mhd@momi|krêd`mhk|Fdbnpdipm|

Hd]invmr|n`d`M|pdpdhd@n|pdilnd(hd]invmr|n`d`Idlnkidh(mhNi|pnp}pkPmlikhügnlk(hd]invmr|n`d`

`mLk|pdRnld~ mhLki|mekIdlnkidh`mRmlpkrm|milkie}ipklkihd@momi|krêd`mhk|Fdbnpdipm|

mhngmidni|pnp}lnkim|qõbhnld|kqrnvd`d|(qmr|kid|oê|nld|ke}rê`nld|t}mqrkj}mvdihdLdhn`d`m

_n`dqdrd}i|mlpkr`mhdqkbhdlnüiqdrdhhmvdrdldbk}idqrmjndlnüimirmlkiklnjnmipk`mm|d

hdbkr)Pdhlkjkni`nldhd@momi|krêdmi|}qägnidmhmlprüinldmhkbempnvk`mm|pmqrmjnkm|5

Mhkpkrgdjnmipk`mhqrmjnkqrmpmi`mrmlkiklmr~`m|pdldrhk|d|qmlpk|k

dqkrpm|qk|npnvk|rmdhnud`k|qkr`n|pnipk||mlpkrm|`mhd|klnm`d`(hk|l}dhm|niln mi mi mh jmekrdjnmipk `m hd ldh n d` `m vn d `m hk| fdbnpdipm| ~

lkiprnb}~midqmronhdr}idjmekr|klnm`d`bd|d`dmi5

• \khn`drn`d`lkiprnb}pnvd~`m|mg}rn d`|klndh)

• Qrkpmllnüi(lki|mrvdlnüi~}|k|k|pminbhm`mhk|rml}r|k|)

• Nipmgrdlnüi `mh lkilmqpk `m gîimrk mi hk| qrkgrdjd|( qrk~mlpk| k

dlpnvn`d`m|t}m|mqk|p}hdi)



47

Grdlnd| d hd qk|p}hdlnüi qkr qdrpm `m Fmirnmppm Rdvmipü| ~ Id| nd Ldrjnkh `mh Lmiprk `m

Nivm|pngdlnüi mi Bnkhkgêd Lmh}hdr ~ Jkhml}hdr `m hd ]LR( hd Qrk`}llnüi `m Qk`mjk| _khdr o}m

dlrmm`krdmiklp}brm`mh2144`m}iRmlkiklnjnmipkmimhjdrlk`m`nlfdqrmjndlnüibdekhd

ldpmgkrêd`mqmr|kidoê|nld&m|pkqkrt}mmhqrkgrdjdikm|päni|lrnpkbdekinig}ido}i`dlnüik

d|klndlnüi~|}|rm|qki|dbhm||kiD`rnäi\khê|~Di`rî|@nidrpm|.)

Qdrd hkgrdr |mr d`jnpn`k( pdjbnîi |m lkipü lki ldrpd| `m rmlkjmi`dlnüi `m hd D|klndlnüi `m

]|}drnd|~]|}drnk|`mhFk|qnpdh@n}rik(hd@rd)Hnhnd]rnbm(Emod`mh\mrvnlnk`mRmfdbnhnpdlnüi`mh

FIQ3Gn|mhhm Bkud( `nrmlpkrd `mh\n|pmjdRd`nkoüinlk `m hd ]LR~ Udn`d \dhdudr(`nrmlpkrd `m hd

M|l}mhd`mQ|nlkhkgêd`mhd]LR)

M|pm Rmlkiklnjnmipk|nginonld}i grdi dqk~kqdrd hdhdbkrt}mm|pärmdhnudi`khd Qrk`}llnüi(~d

t}m|mq}`kkbpmimrlkidhjmik|}idôk~klfkjm|m|`mprdbdek&lkipdi`khd|lkivmr|dlnkim|

qrmvnd| lki mh FIQ. ~ jmik| `m }i dôk `m m|pdr dh dnrm) Brni`d hd lkiondiud `mh prdbdek bnmi

rmdhnud`k~`mqrk|mg}nr`mhd jdimrdmit}m|mfddlp}d`k(|nmjqrmlkijnrd|`mjmekrdr~ `m

drpnl}hdrdllnkim|lkijd~krniln`milndmiqrk`mhd|qmr|kid|lkiprd|pkrikjmipdh)

O)Qrm|}q}m|pk

Dh |mr Qk`mjk| _khdr }id lkqrk`}llnüi mi lkie}ipk lki Rd nk]( hk| lk|pk| `m kqmrdlnüi |m

`nvn`mi5hdrd`nk|mmildrgd`modlnhnpdrpnmjqk~}ipîlinlk`mgrdbdlnüi~m`nlnüid|êlkjkmh

prdi|qkrpm ~ mh m|qdlnk rd`ndh( d`mjä| `m hd qk|nbnh n d` `m dqk~dr dlpnvn d`m| mpmridr ~

jmldin|jk|`mqrkjklnüi)Qkrkprkhd`k(hdQrk`}llnüi|mmildrgd`mhonidilndjnmipk`mjdpmrndh

`mkonlnidd|êlkjk`mhqdgk`m|}|fkikrdrnk|)@}rdipmmh2144(pk`kmhprdbdek`mhdQrk`}llnüi|mfdhhmvd`kdldbk|niinigõirmlkiklnjnmipkjkimpdrnk)

Hd|ng}nmipmpdbhdni`nldhk|lk|pk||khvmipd`k|qkrqdrpm`mhdRd`nk]`}rdipmmh21445

Dlpnvn`d` Lk|pkqkrjm| Lk|pkdi}dh

M|qdlnk`mprdi|jnlnüi =11)111 ?)111)111

Grdbdlnüi~M`nlnüi`md}`nk) 7=)111 >11)111

Grdbdlnüimimpmrnkrm|(

mt}nqk(pîlinlk~Prdi|qkrpm)

2=1)111 <)111)111

PKPDH5 ¢>)>11)111



46

Dh rm|qmlpk `m hk| lk|pk| `m kqmrdlnüi qkr qdrpm hd Qrk`}llnüi |m lki|ngidrki hk| |ng}nmipm|

lk|pk|`}rdipmmh21445

Dlpnvn`d` Jkipkdi}dh

Qdgk`mfkikrdrnk|dhdQrk`}llnüi ¢7)111)111(11

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢?<4)16<(1>Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢711)=<1(2=

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢<7)6??(=1

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢<>7)=>6(2=

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢44<)4>>(11

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢227)4>>(11

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢>0)???(2=

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢46>)<<2(=1

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢=7<)<11(11

Ldrgd||klndhm| ¢01<)660(1>

Qdrdhdnjqrm|nüi`m`nvmr|d`kl}jmipdlnüilkjkdonlfm|~vkhdipm|)

¢=11)111(11

Qdrdhdlkjqrd`mqdqmhimlm|drnkqdrdhdnjqrm|nüi`mhk|`kl}jmipk|jmilnkid`k|

¢=11)111(11

Pkpdh`mqrm|}q}m|pk ¢44)<?>)1=>(0<

@}rdipmmh2144(hdQrk`}llnüifdm|pdbhmln`klkivmr|dlnkim|lkihd]invmr|n`d``mLk|pdRnld~

mipn`d`m|qrnvd`d|qdrdb}|ldronidilndjnmipkdhqrk~mlpk(q}m|`m|`mdipm|`mmiprdrdhdnrm|m

fdbêd`mpmlpd`kt}mm|hdkqkrp}in`d` mjmekrdjä|o}mrpmt}mmiormipdQk`mjk|_khdr)



4>

NNN)Rm|}hpd`k|~@n|l}|nüi

Qk`mjk|_khdrgrdbü|}qrnjmrqrkgrdjd&mimh2141.lkipdi`klki6hkl}pkrm|&d.)@}rdipmmh

2144hdqdrpnlnqdlnüio}m`m47}|}drnk|&d|.`mh|mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik~}iqdrpnlnqdipmt}m

o}mnipmrid`kmiqdbmhhkim|~t}m|mmil}miprdmgrm|d`k(qdrd}ipkpdh m46hkl}pkrm|&d|.)

Dh onidhnudr mh dôk( |m lkipdbd lki 4? hkl}pkrm|&d|.( `m hk| l}dhm| 0 `m mhhk| fdi pmin`k }id

qdrpnlnqdlnüi kld|nkidhqkrt}m mhqrkgrdjd|mgrdbdmi fkrdrnkmi t}mm|päimemrlnmi`k dhg}id

dlpnvn`d t}mhm|qrkvmm`nimrk)Mi kprd|kld|nkim|`mbn`kd t}mhk|qdrpnlnqdipm|ik qk|mmimh|}onlnmipm`nimrkqdrdd|n|pnrpk`k|hk|`êd|dhFk|qnpdhqkrhkt}m|}qdrpnlnqdlnüimihk|pdhhmrm|~

miQk`mjk|_khdr|mvmrm|prnign`d)Kprk|hkl}pkrm|qkr`nvmr|k|jkpnvk|fdi`mbn`kd}|mipdr|m

`mh|mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik(~m|khm|fd`nonl}hpd`kt}m|mjdipmigdilkjkqdrpm`mhmt}nqk

lki|pdipm)\nimjbdrgk(miinigõijkjmipkfdini`nld`kt}m~dik`m|mdiqdrpnlnqdr)

\khdjmipm2~dikqdrpnlnqdi3}ik`mmhhk|qkr|khnlnp}`mqrm|d`m`n|lkipni}dr|}qdrpnlnqdlnüi~

mimhld|k`mVnind(hkl}pkrd(qkrt}m|mprd|hd`üdvnvnrlki|}odjnhndmiHnjüi~hmnjqk|nbnhnpd

t}mq}m`dqdrpnlnqdr)

\mq}m`mjdrldrlkjknjqkrpdipmt}mmimhqrklm|k`mlki|khn`dlnüi`mhm|qdlnk|ühk}ihkl}pkr

fd~d `mln`n k `mlhnidr ~ t}m hd| nipmrr}qlnkim| `m hd qdrpnlnqdlnüi qkr qdrpm `m hk| hkl}pkrm|

kld|nkidhm||m`mbdidlki`nlnkim|demid|dhd|m|qdlnk|`mdlkipmlnjnmipk|qrkq}m|pk|qkrmh

Mt}nqk`mQrk`}llnüi`mQk`mjk|_khdr)Hkt}mqmrjnpmvmrt}mj}lfd|~j}lfk|`mhk|t}m

qdrpnlnqdi|mmil}miprdijkpnvd`k|~`m|mdilkipni}dr)

Lkjkq}m`mkb|mrvdr|mhd qdrpnlnqdlnüijd|l}hnidm|j}lfkjd~krt}mhd omjminid(|nbnmihk|

jn|jk|hkl}pkrm|fdini|pd`kdj}emrm|dt}m|m nipmgrmi(î|pd|ikfdi`m|md`kfdlmrhk)Ik|m

1

2

0

?

6

41

42

40

4?

Pkpdh`mhkl}pkrm|&d|.

Hkl}pkrm|&d|.midlvn`d`

Kld|nkidhm| ^dikqdrlnqdi

Hkl}pkrm|&d|.~|}qdrlnqdlnüi

Fkjbrm|

J}emrm|




21

l}mipd pk`dvêd lki }id mqhnldlnüi vähn d qdrd m|pd |np}dlnüi) Mi pkpdh fdi qdrpnlnqd`k `k|

j}emrm|(~dt}mdonidhm| mhdôk|mnilkrqkrüJdrnbmhh)

D)Mip}|nd|jk`mm|p}`ndipm|

@m|`mhk|qrnjmrk|jm|m|`mhqrklm|k`mgrdbdlnüi(|ml}mipdlkihdlkhdbkrdlnüi`mQdkhdDhodrk(

m|p}`ndipm`mq|nlkhkgêd`mhd]LR~@djd_kh}ipdrnd)\}|o}ilnkim||kihd`kl}jmipdlnüi`m}idJmjkrnd`mhqrklm|k~hk|m|qdlnk|(d|êlkjk`mdqk~kdhdQrk`}llnüidhjkjmipk`mgrdbdrmi

ld|k`mt}mdjbk|`mbdirmpnrdr|m`mbn`kd}idrm}inüi)

\m fdi rmlnbn k i}jmrk|d| komrpd| `m lkhdbkrdlnüi `m qdrpm `m m|p}`ndipm|( d}it}m fd|pd mh

jkjmipk ik |m fd qmi|d`k mi nilkrqkrdr d jä| qmr|kid| `mbn`k d t}m ik mn|pmi qrklm|k|

okrjdhm|mi hd`niäjnld m|pr}lp}rdh nipmrid`m hdQrk`}llnüi`m Qk`mjk| _khdrqdrd mhhk ~ hd|

o}ilnkim|t}mdlp}dhjmipm|mhhmvdidldbk|mmeml}pdi|ni`nonl}hpd`m|qkrmhmt}nqkdlp}dh)

B)Kqninüi`mhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.MhMt}nqk`mQrk`}llnüilkiomllnkiü~hmodlnhnpü}il}m|pnkidrnkd42`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.t}m

|mfdijdipmin`klki|pdipm|(nilh}~mdhdhkl}pkrdt}m`meü`mqdrpnlnqdrqkrfdbmr|mj}`d`k

lki|}odjnhndmiHnjüi)

Mhkbempnvk`mm|pdfmrrdjnmipdm|ni`dgdrmid|qmlpk|vdrnk|`mhdqdrpnlnqdlnüi(hd|qmrlmqlnkim|

m n`md| qdrd mh 2142) Hk| rm|}hpd`k| ni`nldi t}m hd jd~krêd `m hk| hkl}pkrm| fdbnp}dhm| |m

jdipnmimi`m|`mmhqrnilnqnk)

Hdlkh}jiddu}hni`nldhdpkpdhn`d``mhkl}pkrm|lkrrm|qki`nmipm|dhfdlmrhk|lkrpm|mimhpnmjqk)

M|pk|lkrpm|lkrrm|qki`mi5

• Ninlnk(dhqrnjmrqrkgrdjdt}m|mgrdbüt}mlkjk~d|mfdjmilnkid`ko}mrmdhnud`kmimh2141&h}mgk`mhddqrkbdlnüi mhLki|mekPîlinlk.

1

4

2

<

0

=

Ninlnk Qrnilnqnk|2144 @m|q}î|`mdgk|pk2144

»@m|`ml}äi`km|hkl}pkr&d.;

Pkpdh

Fkjbrm|

J}emrm|




24

• Qrnilnqnk|2144(dqdrpnr mhd|grdbdlnkim|~hdmiprd`ddhdnrm`mhqrkgrdjd)• @m|q}î|`mdgk|pk2144(h}mgk`mhk|qrnjmrk|?jm|m|`mhqrkgrdjddhdnrm)

Hdn`md`m`nvn`nrhkmim|pk|prm|prdlpk|lkrrm|qki`êdd`k|rdukim|5hdqrnjmrdqdrdodlnhnpdrmh

qrklm|k`m`n|lrnjnidlnüi`mhk|pnmjqk|qkrqdrpm`mhk|~hdhkl}pkrd(`mbn`kdt}mikl}mipdi

lkjk qdrpm `mh qrklm|k `m Qk`mjk| _khdr hd| mpdqd| qrmvnd| dh ninlnk `m hd| grdbdlnkim|) Hd

|mg}i`drduüi(m|kb|mrvdrhdqmrjdimilnd`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.(d|êlkjkhk|jkjmipk|`m

nipmgrdlnüi~hd`n|prnb}lnüiqkr|mk)

Donidh`mdôk(h}mgk`mhdqdrpn`d`mhdfd|pdm|mjkjmipkõinldhkl}pkrd(|mnipmgrd}idi}mvd

hkl}pkrd) @miprk `m hd| pdrmd| d rmdhnudr qdrd mh 2142 |m b}|ldrä }id jd~kr qdrpnlnqdlnüi

omjminid)

Mi mh gräonlk |ng}nmipm |m j}m|prd t}m hd jd~krêd `m hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. t}m qdrpnlnqdi lki

rmg}hdrn`d`|mfdin`knipmgrdi`kqk|pmrnkrjmipm~j}m|prdt}mQk`mjk|_khdrfdqrkvkld`k

lnmrpknipmrî|mihd qkbhdlnüi`mhFk|qnpdh@n}rik)Qkrmhhk|mmqhnldt}mhdjnpd`fd~d`mln`n k

nipmgrdr|mqkr|}l}mipd~iko}mmhmgn`kqkrqdrpm`mhMt}nqk`mm|pm|mrvnlnk5

Mikprd|kld|nkim||mfdbêdqrmg}ipd`kdhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.t}mlkiokrjdiQk`mjk|_khdr`m|`m

mh ninlnk l}äh mrd hd rduüi qkr hd t}m fdbêdi `mln`n k ni|mrpdr|m mi mh qrk~mlpk ~ |} rm|q}m|pd

ni`nldbdt}m|mg}êdi}id ni`nldlnüit}mhm|fdlêdmh |mrvnlnk`mFk|qnpdh@n}rik)Qkr pdipk(qdrd

lkjqrmi`mrl}ähqk`rêd|mrhdjkpnvdlnüininlndh`mdt}mhhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.t}m|mdlmrldrkiqkr

|}l}mipd&?qmr|kid|.(|mqrmg}ipühkjn|jk)

14

2

<

0

=

?

\ê Ik

»Mhmt}nqk`mhFk|qnpdh@n}rik

hk&d.mhmgnülkjkhkl}pkr&d.;




22

Dhg}id| rm|q}m|pd| rmlkqnhd`d| o}mrki `d`d| qkr hkl}pkrm| t}m fdbêdi |n k mhmgn`k|) M|

nipmrm|dipmt}ml}di`k`mjdimrdfdbhd`d|mfdbêdfmlfkm|pml}m|pnkidjnmipkdhqrnilnqnk`mh

dôk( dhg}ik| `m mhhk| ik fdbêdi hkgrd`k mhdbkrdr }id rm|q}m|pd jä| dhhä `m }id ni`nldlnüi

mpmrid) Ld|n }i dôk `m|q}î| `m ninlnd`k mh qrklm|k lkipni}k `m grdbdlnüi( hkgrdrki drpnl}hdr

jkpnvdlnkim|qk|pmrnkrm|)

]i b}mi iõjmrk `m rm|q}m|pd| ni`nldi d t}m qdrpnlnqdi qkrt}m |m prdpd `m }id ‘I}mvd

mqmrnmilnd‚~î|pd|d |}vmu|mrmhdlnkidilki‘Lkiklmrgmipm‚(‘Lkiklmrjm‚ ~‘Dqrmi`mr‚(~d

t}mpk`d||}gnmrmihdqk|nbnhn`d``mdllm`mrdm|qdlnk|`n|pnipk|dhk|fdbnp}dhm|k|np}dlnkim|t}m

dipm|ik|mfdbêdpmin`khdkqkrp}in`d` mvnvmilndr)Hdikvm`d`m|}imhmjmipkbd|pdipmo}mrpm~

bd|pdipm`mpmrjnidipm)Ni nldt}mqdrdhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.hdimlm|n`d``mhhmvdrdldbkdllnkim|

`n|pnipd|dhd|t}mm|päidlk|p}jbrd`k|m|imlm|drnk)

Hd ‘Qk|nbnhn`d `m fdbhdr‚( vd dlkr`m lki hd rduüi `m |mr `m Qk`mjk| _khdr5 dt}mhhk| t}m

prd`nlnkidhjmipmikfdipmin`k}im|qdlnkmihk|jm`nk|qdrd`drdlkiklmr|}|q}ipk|`mvn|pd~|}|kqninkim|(pmigdi}im|qdlnkqdrdmhhk)Qkrmhhkjn|jkmhm|hkgdi(fmlfkqkrhk|hkl}pkrm|(m|

‘_klm|`ki`mfdbêd|nhmilnk‚)

Qk`rêd drg}jmipdr|m t}m }id vmu qd|d`k mh nipmrm| ninlndh `m hd r}qp}rd mi hd r}pnid( hk|&d|.

hkl}pkrm|&d|. kqpdrêdi qkr `m|n|pnr `m qdrpnlnqdr) \ni mjbdrgk( hd |np}dlnüi m| hd lkiprdrnd( |m

jdipnmimid|n|pnmi`kdõil}di`kmidhgõijkjmipk&miqdhdbrd|`m`kiMhorîi.‘|mqmr`nühd

jê|pnld‚~|mgrdbü}iqrkgrdjddhrm|qmlpkmimhl}äh|ml}m|pnkidbdil}ähqk`rêd|mrhdrduüi~

l}ähm|qk`rêdi|mrhd|dllnkim|t}mqk`rêdipkjdr&mjnpn`kmh<4`mklp}brm.)Nilh}|k(hk|jn|jk|

hkl}pkrm|hm|}gnmrmidkprk|}|}drnk|t}mqdrpnlnqmi(ik|mrêdd|ê|nhk|m|qdlnk|`mdlkipmlnjnmipk

t}m|mqrk`}lmiiko}mrdiqk|npnvk|)

1

4

2

<

0

Qk|nbnhn`d``mfdbhdr

Lkiklmrgmipm

Lkiklmrjm Dqrmi`mr I}mvdmqmrnmilnd

\mhk|}gnrnmrki

M|bkinpk

»Qkrt}îqdrlnqd;




2<

Lkjk|mfd`nlfkdipmrnkrjmipm(hdqk|nbnhn`d``mmiormipdr|mddlpnvn`d`m|~mqmrnmilnd|i}mvd|

q}`k|mr}imhmjmipkjkpnvd`kr(|nimjbdrgk(hk|rdukim|qdrdjdipmimr|m|kij}~vdrnd`d|(

qmrkpk`d|mhhd|rmjnpmidhkt}mhdjd~krêdmqrm|ü5hm|‘G}|pdhdrd`nk‚)

M|nipmrm|dipmmhld|k`mhd| rm|q}m|pd|rmhdpnvd|d‘Jdipmimr|mkl}qd`k‚( pminmi`kmil}mipd

t}mld|npk`k|&d|.m|päid`|lrnpk|d}ipdhhmrkl}qdlnkidh)]ik`mhk|hkl}pkrm||mmil}miprdo}mrd

`mhFk|qnpdh~ dh jkjmipk`m rmdhnudrmh l}m|pnkidrnk|m fdhhdbd `m|mjqhmd`k)Qkr|}q}m|pk hd

imlm|n`d `m m|pdrhhmvdi`kdldbkdhgk~(milkie}ipklkihd ‘hnbmrpd `mhqrkgrdjd‚(|mqk`rêd

lkjqrmi`mr m|`mt}îqk|nlnüi|mlkhkldihk|&d|.hkl}pkrd|qdrdmqrm|drm|k)

Hd|rm|q}m|pd|`m‘M|pdrlking}dhm|‚~‘Fdlmrdjngk|‚rmonmrmidhdimlm|n`d``mlkjqdôêd(|nimjbdrgk(hdqrnjmrdrm|q}m|pdm| `nlfdqkr hdimlm|n d``mm|pdre}ipkdqmr|kid|t}mpdjbnîi

qk|mmiprd|pkrik|jmipdhm|~ik|mipnr|mmprdôk(jnmiprd|t}mhdkprdm|hdimlm|n`d``mqk|mmr

}igr}qk`mqdrm|qrkqndjmipm`nlfk)

@m|`m hd Qrk`}llnüi( |m jkpnvd d t}m mn|pd miprm hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. }id |mi|dlnüi `m

gr}qdhn`d`(|nit}mimlm|drndjmipm|mhhmg}mdhmprmjk`mt}mpk`k|‘|mdjk|djngk|‚qkrt}m|m

rm|qmpdhdni`nvn }dhn d`~mh`mrmlfkd `mln nr|n}idqmr|kidjmdgrd`d~ jmldmbnmikik)\m

qdrpm `m|`m hd qrmjn|d `m t}m Qk`mjk| _khdr m| }i m|qdlnk `ki`m dlkipmlmi |np}dlnkim| mi

pkrikd}i`n|qk|npnvkrd`nkoüinlk(mhl}dhmighkbdd}igr}qk`mqmr|kid|t}m|mrmõimiqdrd

lkivmr|dr(|}rgmi|np}dlnkim|(`}`d|(`m|mk|~d`mjä||mfdlmrd`nk)Pk`d|m|pd|rmhdlnkim|vdidm|pdrmijdrld`d|mihddonin d`t}mmn|pêdqrmvndjmipm~midt}mhhdt}m|mq}`kgmimrdr`}rdipm

mhdôk`mprdbdek)

M| qkr mhhk t}m dh mqkimr m|pk| rm|}hpd`k| `m ‘M|pdr lki ng}dhm|‚ ~ ‘Fdlmr djngk|‚ ik |m

krgdinudi bdek }id ldpmgkrêd jd~kr lkjk okrjd `m odlnhnpdr hd mqhnldlnüi `m hk| jn|jk|) Hd

rmomrmilnd`mVnind(lkjk‘Õinldj}emr‚rmohmedpdjbnîimhgrd`k`mnjqkrpdilndt}mmhhdhm`dbdd

|}lki`nlnüi`miprk`mQk`mjk|_khdr~t}mmhrm|pk`mhk|hkl}pkrm|lkjqdrpêdi)

1 4 2 < 0 =

G}|pdhdrd`nk

Jdipmimr|mkl}qd`k

M|pdrlking}dhm|

Fdlmrdjngk|

M|pmrdqnd

B}midmqmrnmilnd

Qkrhdhnbmrpd``mhqrkgrdjd

Nipmrm|dipmQkhîjnlk

_drnd`k

Njqkrpdipmqdrd|mrm|t}mrn`k|

Õinldj}emr

»Qkrt}î|mjdimim;




20

Fd~`k|qrnilnqdhm|mem|`mrm|q}m|pd|kbrmhkt}mjä|hm|dgrd`ddhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.|kbrm

Qk`mjk| _khdr5 ‘Mqrm|dr hd kqninüi‚ ~ ‘Lkjqdrpnr lki lkjqdômrk|‚) Djbd| |np}dlnkim| |m

imlm|npdi }id `mhd kprd(m| `mlnr( |mrmt}nmrm }imjn|kr~ }irmlmqpkr( qmrk dhjn|jk pnmjqk

rmt}nmrmi `m }i m|qdlnk( `m }i jkjmipk) M|pd nipmr`mqmi`milnd |m qrkqnlnd mi hk|

dlkipmlnjnmipk|t}m|mgmimrdimipkrikdQk`mjk|_khdr~m|hdqk|nbnhn`d``mnipmrdlp}drhkt}m

|mvmrmohmed`kdprdvî|`mhd|rm|q}m|pd|`d`d|)

Hd jd~krêd `m hd| rm|q}m|pd| ni nldi t}m hk| hkl}pkrm| m|päi lkiokrjm| lki hd okrjd mi t}m

Qk`mjk| _khdr |m fd `m|drrkhhd`k) Hd rm|q}m|pd donrjdpnvd hk t}m `m|md m| t}m fd~di jä|miprmvn|pd|~t}mfd~dildjbnk|pdjbnîimipk`k|hk|qrkgrdjd|`mhfk|qnpdh)Dh rm|qmlpk`mhd

qrnjmrd|khnlnp} (|mrmonmrmd jä|miprmvn|pd|qkrqdrpm`mkprk|jm`nk|~`m hd|mg}i`d(|nbnmi

ikmiprd`miprk`mhrdigk`mhd|dllnkim|`mhmt}nqk`mQrk`}llnüi(|mprd|hd`drähd|khnlnp}`dhd|

qmr|kid|mildrgd`d|)

1

4

2

<0

=

?

7

Hkqk|nvkt}mm|

Miprmvn|pd| Lkjqdrrlki

lkjqdômrk|

Fdbhdr|kbrmHdLkhnodpd

Mqrm|drhdkqninüi

I\+IR

Hkt}mjä|hmg}|pd

1

2

0

?

6

41

I\+IR \ê Ik

»Ldjbndrêddhgk`mQk`mjk|_khdr;





2=

Hdjd~krêd`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.lki|n`mrdt}mfdpmin`kldjbnk|qrk`}lpk`mhdqdrpnlnqdlnüi

miQk`mjk|_khdr ~ t}m î|pk||ki qk|npnvk|) Nilh}|k(}ik `mhk| `k| hkl}pkrm| t}m rmqkrpd ikfdbmrmqmrnjmipd`kdhgõildjbnk(mqhnldt}mfdpmin`kldjbnk|~hk|mi}jmrd)Mhõinlkhkl}pkr

t}mrmqkrpdfdbmrpmin`k}i ldjbnkimgdpnvk(`nlmt}m|nmipmt}m fd`nlfkdhg}idni`n|lrmlnüi)

M|pm rmqkrpm m|j}~ njqkrpdipm(~d t}m `miprk `mhk| dlkipmlnjnmipk| t}m |mokrjdi(hk|&d|.

hkl}pkrm|&d|.dqrmi`midt}m|}|lkjmipdrnk|pnmimirm|kidilnd|jä|dhhä`mhäjbnpk`m|}|vn`d|

`ndrnd|~hm|d~}`dd|dbmrdrg}jmipdrj}~bnmi|}`n|l}r|k)Mhm|qdlnkd~}`ddt}mhk|&d|.|m

fdgdildrgk~|mrm|qki|dbnhnlmi`m|}|lkjmipdrnk|(odlnhnpdi`kd|êqrklm|k|`mni|mrlnüidhd

`niäjnld`mhdvn`dmi|klnm`d`)

@m|`mhdQrk`}llnüi|nmjqrm|mni|pddt}mfd~d}iqrklm|k`mnivm|pngdlnüi~`n|l}|nüiqrmvnkd

hk|pmjd|t}m|mvdidprdpdr(`ki`mikimlm|drndjmipmqdrpnlnqdhdQrk`}llnüi)M|pmqrklm|kik

|khkqrmpmi`mt}mmn|pd}idbd|mqdrdo}i`djmipd`dqdrdhk|drg}jmipk|t}m|mmqrm|mimihd

grdbdlnüi( mirnt}mlnmi`k hd lkivmr|dlnüi ~ pnmim hk| kbempnvk| `m okjmipdr mh dqrmi nudem ~

qrkvmmr `m|doêk| lkginpnvk| ~ pdjbnîi `m krgdinudlnüi( lki hd| rm}inkim| `m `n|l}|nüi t}m

lkkr`nidihk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.qrmvnkdhdlkipmlnjnmipk`mgrdbdlnüi)

1

2

0?

6

41

41 2

\ê Ik

»Fdmqmrnjmipd`kldjbnk|qkr

qdrlnqdr;

Qk|nvk|

Imgdvk|

1 4 2 < 0 = ? 7 6

Jmekrdrrmhdlnkim|lkiqmr|kid|

Odlnhn`d`dhfdbhdrRmlkiklnjnmipk

D~}`djmipdhjmipm

@medrhdjn`mu

Hnbmrpd``mmqrm|nüi

»T}îfdldjbnd`k;





2?

Hk| ldjbnk| t}m hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. rmqkrpdi lkjk hk| jä| njqkrpdipm| |ki dt}mhhk| t}m |m

mighkbdimihdldpmgkrêd`m‘Jmekrdrhd|rmhdlnkim|lkihd|qmr|kid|‘(|np}dlnüit}mik|mq}m`m

`dr|nik|mlrmdim|qdlnk|`mlkivnvmilnd~`mmqrm|nüi`mkqninüi&pdhlkjk|mni`nldmihk|

rm|}hpd`k|`mHkt}mjä|hmg}|pd.)Mi|mg}i`kpîrjnik|m}bnldihk|rmhdlnkid`k|lki‘Odlnhn`d`

dhfdbhdr‚~t}mg}dr`diq}ipk|milkjõilki‘Hnbmrpd``mmqrm|nüi‚~ ‘@medrhd pnjn mu‚t}m

pdjbnîiqmrjnpmit}mhdnipmrdllnüilkikprk||mdjä|oh}n`d~|dpn|odlpkrnd)

@}rdipmmhdôk(|mfdirmdhnud`kvdrnd|dlpnvn`d`m|m|qmlndhm|lkimhoni`m`drdlkiklmrhdvn`d`m

}id qmr|kid lki prd|pkrik jmipdh( lki|pr}nr m|qdlnk| `m lkivmr|dlnüi t}m dlmrt}mi d hd

qkbhdlnüiidlnkidhdhpmjd`mhd|dh}`jmipdhqdrddlp}dr|kbrmhdqrkbhmjäpnld`mhm|pngjd~

qrkjkvmr hd m|l}lfd `mh qrkgrdjd) @m|`m hd Qrk`}llnüi m|pdjk| lkivmiln k| `m t}m m|

|khdjmipmdprdvî|`mhlkipdlpk~hdlkivmr|dlnüit}mm|qk|nbhmlkiklmr~lkjqrmi`mrd}idqmr|kidd}igr}qk3m|dm|hd njqkrpdilnd`mm|pd|‘|dhn`d|‚~ hdimlm|n`d `mt}mhdjd~krêd`m

hk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.q}m`did|n|pnr)

@mbn`kdhd|dlpnvn`d`m|t}mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.`mbmil}jqhnrmihk|pdhhmrm|kl}qdlnkidhm|(ik

pk`k| fdi qk`n k qdrpnlnqdr d|ê lkjk d hd| `nonl}hpd`m| mlkiüjnld| t}m hd jd~krêd qk|mmi)

\khdjmipm`k|rmqkrpdrkifdbmrqdrpnlnqd`kmipk`d|hd|rmdhnud`d|(mipdipkt}mprm|ni`nldit}m

ikfdidl}`n`kdinig}id)M|pk|prm||m`mbmmiqdrpmdt}m|mnipmgrdrkiqk|pmrnkrdhd\mjdid

`mhd\dh}`Jmipdh(miKlp}brmq}m|`m|q}î|`mm|dik|mhhmvdrkid ldbkdllnkim|m|qmlndhm|k

qkrt}mikrmlkr`drkifdbmrhkfmlfk)

1

4

2

<

0

P r m | k

l } d p r k

d l u v n ` d ` m

|

\ n m p m }

k l

f k

d l u v n ` d `

m |

P k `

d |

I n i g }

i d

@ d p k

m r r ü i

m k

Qdrlnqdlnüimidlvn`d`m|




27

Hd m Jnin|prd Jdrêd H}n|d Ävnhd o}m mh qmr|kidem qõbhnlk k qmr|kid mpmrid t}m ld}|ü jd~kr

njqdlpk miprm hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. t}m hhmvdrki d ldbk hd fmrrdjnmipd) Qk`rêd qdrmlmr t}m hdldipn`d``mrmlkiklnjnmipkm|qkld(|nbnmimhiõjmrk`mqmr|kid|t}mfdi|n`kmiprmvn|pd`dmi

Qk`mjk|_khdrm|j}~dhpk~m|`noêlnhrmlkr`drhd|pk`d|(dhpnmjqkt}mprm|`mhk|&d.hkl}pkrm|&d.

t}m rmhhmidrki hd fmrrdjnmipd |m nilkrqkrdrki h}mgk `m hd qrm|mipdlnüi `m j}lfk| `m hk|&d|.

nivnpd`k|&d|.)

Mh invmh `m rml}mr`k pdjbnîi vd `m hd jdik `mh njqdlpk t}m p}vnmrki mi hd| vn`d| `m hk|&d|.

hkl}pkrm|&d|.( qkrmemjqhk( Vnind ni`nld rmlkr`dr dh qmrnk`n|pd H}n| M`}dr k @êdu t}mrmdhnuü }i

rmqkrpdem|kbrmhdLL\\qkrt}mlkivmr|di`klkiîh|m`nkl}mipd`mhd|odlnhn`d`m|`mdpmilnüi`m

|dh}`jmipdhmiHnjüi~hmqmrjnpnüvkhvmrlki|}odjnhnd)

Hd imlm|n d ~ hd njqkrpdilnd `m rmlnbnr nivnpd`k| mpmrik| |m j}m|prd mi mh ld|k `m Vnind ~

d`mjä|(`dhdqk|nbnhn`d``mt}mqmr|kid|lkiprd|pkrikjmipdhq}m`dilkivmr|dr~l}m|pnkidrd

qmr|kidem| njqkrpdipm| `m hd qkhêpnld idlnkidh &qk|nbnhn`d` t}m ik pk`k| hk| ln}`d`dik| pnmimi

dbnmrpd.miqrk`mjmekrdr|}|lki`nlnkim|`mvn d)

1 4 2 < 0 = ?

Q|nlühkgk`mhNi|p}pkWmj

Lnipf~dLdh`mrüiS\mk|mi`kZ

Qmrnk`n|pdt}mfnukrmqkrpdem`mhdLL\\

mJnin|prd`m\dh}`

_nlmJnin|prk`mPrdbdek

Omridi`kLfnrkin

@djd|_kh}ipdrnd|Jd`rm|`mdhg}ik|hkl}pkrm|

Rmlpkrd`mhd]LR

I\+IR

Rmlkr`dlnüi`mQmr|kidem|qõbhnlk|

+qmr|kid|mpmrid|




26

M| njqkrpdipm `m|pdldr t}m hd rm|q}m|pd t}m fd~d kbpmin k jä| rm|}hpd`k| fd~d |n`k

qrmln|djmipm hd ik rm|q}m|pd( m|pm ni`nld`kr hhdjd hd dpmilnüi qdrd t}m |m lkivmr|m mi hk|

dlkipmlnjnmipk|`mQk`mjk|_khdrqrklm|k|`m`mln|nüi`mdl}mr`kd hk|`m|mk|kimlm|n`d`m|

`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.)

Hk|qmr|kidem|lkihk|t}mjä||m`m|mdrêdlkivmr|dr|ki`k|j}emrm|5FdiidGdbrnmh|ldjqmkid

j}i`ndh `m bkmk ~ Hd}rd Lfnilfnhhd( qrm|n`mipm `m hd Rmqõbhnld) Hd qrnjmrdqmronhd`d lkjk hd

jmekr`m|}ldpmgkrêd~hd|mg}i`d(qkrmhldrgkt}mrmqrm|mipd)

Dh ng}dh t}m lki hk| qmr|kidem| qõbhnlk|( lki mhqmr|kidh `mh FIQ t}m fd|n`kmiprmvn|pd`kmi

Qk`mjk| _khdr mh invmh `m rml}mr`k m| bdek ~ hd jd~krêd `m hk| lkhdbkrd`krm| ~ qmr|kid|

rmhdlnkid`d|t}m|mpnmimiqrm|mipm||ki dt}mhhk|jä|rmlnmipm|miqdrpnlnqdr) \m`mbmfdlmrhd

1 4 2 < 0

Jnin|prk`mprdbdek

Qrm|n`mipd

FdiidGdbrnmh|

]ie}gd`kr`mhdHngd

\fdcnrdSpkrmrknjqrkvn|d`kZ

Dhmdi`rdHd|fmvSlnimd|pdZ

Hd4+2@klmid

Qmr|kidem|`mHdQmi|nüi

@mqkr|pd|ikprd`nlnkidhm|

I\+IR

»T}îqmr|kidemqõbhnlk+qmr|kidmpmrid

hmg}|pdrêdmiprmvn|pdr;

1 4 2 < 0

NvdindLfnilfnhhd

`kiN|jdmh

@djd|_kh}ipdrnd|

Di`rmd_ndhm|

Ldrhk|\di`kvdh

@rd)Jkipk~d%

Qklk|

@klpkrm|~gmipmnjqkrpdipm

I\+IR

Rml}mr`k`mqmr|kid|rmhdlnkid`d|lkimhFIQ





2>

|dhvm`d` t}m hd@rd) Ldrkhnid Jkipk~d m| j}~ lmrldid d Qk`mjk| _khdr qmrk dõi ik fd |n`k

miprmvn|pd`d(`mdhhêhdlkio}|nüi`m}ik`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.)

M|njqkrpdipmt}mlki|n`mrmit}mfd~di|n`kqklk|hd|qmr|kid|rmhdlnkid`d|lkimhfk|qnpdht}m

fdiqdrpnlnqd`k(qdrdt}mfd~djä|qrm|milndmimh 2142(m|qmlndhjmipmqkrt}m|m`m|mdt}md

prdvî|`mQk`mjk|_khdrmhqmr|kidh`m|dh}`jmipdhpdjbnîiq}m`dimqrm|dr|}|nipmrm|m|(|}|lki`nlnkim|(|}|qrmkl}qdlnkim|)

Hk|rm|}hpd`k|t}mdrrkedm|pdqrmg}ipdni`nldit}mqdrdhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.fd~pk`dvêdj}lfd|

qmr|kid| t}î miprmvn|pdr `m qdrpm `mh FIQ ~ t}m lki|n`mrdi t}m |} dqkrpm |mrêd vdhnk|k qdrd

Qk`mjk|_khdr)\kiqmr|kid||nginonldpnvd|~`m|mdilkjqdrpnrm|pmdlkipmlnjnmipkmilkie}ipk

lkimhhk|&d|.Lkjk~d|mfd`nlfk(mhqrkgrdjd`mrd`nk`m|md|mrvn|pklkjk}im|qdlnkpdjbnîi

`mo}ilnkidrnk|`mhFk|qnpdh~hd|q}mrpd|m|päidbnmrpd|)

Dh ng}dh t}m lki hk| qmr|kidem| qõbhnlk|( hd mn|pmilnd `m ‘ik rm|q}m|pd|‚ |m q}m`m prdbdedr

jm`ndipm hd lkivmr|dlnüi mi hk| m|qdlnk| `m qrmqrk`}llnüi `m jdimrd t}m |m rmo}mrlm hd

lrmdpnvn`d`~hdmqrm|nüi`m`m|mk|)

1 4 2

Miomrjmrkt}mrdqmd

Inig}ik

Ik|dbm

KhgmrLfnilfnhhd

Jd}rdBrnlmôk

JdrnpudT

`kiPnik

Gmrdr`k*Fk|q@n}rik

Emom`mqdbmhhüi

^djnh

T}nmim|dqk~mi

@rdLd|hhk

Dt}nhm|Jmid

Jmhn||dSpmrdqm}pdZ

»T}îqmr|kid|rmhdlnkid`d|lkimhFIQhmg}|pdrêd

miprmvn|pdr;




<1

M|njqkrpdipmt}mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.|mqdil}ähm|hdqk|nlnüi`mhk|&d|.o}ilnkidrnk|&d|.`mhFk|qnpdh lki rm|qmlpk d |} qdrpnlnqdlnüi( `mbn k d hd lmrldiêd t}m |m qk|mm qrk`}lpk `m hd

nipmrdllnüi`ndrndmhqmr|kidhm|qdrpm`m|}| kprk||nginonldpnvk|)Hdkqninüit}mq}m`dipmimr`m

|} dlpnvn d |nrvm qdrd t}m hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. |m |nmipdi vdhn`d`k|&d|. k ik mi mh qrklm|k ~

qk`rêd|nginonldr(pdjbnîi(hdqmrjdimilndkikmiQk`mjk|_khdr)

Hdjd~krêd`mhk|lkjmipdrnk|ni`nldit}mhdqmrlmqlnüit}mmhqmr|kidhfdlmm|qk|npnvk(lki

vdrnd|rm|q}m|pd|t}mni`nldit}mpk`dvêdik|m|dbmhkt}mlki|n`mrdi~t}m|mrêdb}mikt}m

pdipkhkl}pkrm|&d|.lkjko}ilnkidrnk|q}m`dimipdbhdrlkj}inldlnüi)

@mjä|m|pä`mlnrt}mhdodjnhndm|}ik`mhk|qrnilnqdhm|kprk||nginonldpnvk|(qkrhkt}m|}kqninüi

vd d nioh}nr j}lfk mi hd qmrjdimilnd `mh &hd. hkl}pkr&d.) Mh dqk~k t}m q}m`d qrkvmmr m| j}~

njqkrpdipmqdrd|}|dh}`~ rml}qmrdlnüi ~qdrd hd|qk|nbnhn`d`m|`m mqrm|nüi ~mprkvmr|nüi`m

qdrpm`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.)Qk`mjk|_khdrm|(mipkilm|(vn|pklkjk}imhmjmipkqk|npnvk)

1 4 2 < 0 =

\mjdimimdlvd

Ikqnmr`mmhmjqk

M|päilkipmipk|

Dqk~k

Jn|djngk|

Ik|dbmM|qdlnkqdrdgmipm`mhfk|qnpdh

Ikm|j}lfdgdidilnd

M|j}~njqkrpdipm

Kqninüi`mhqmr|kidh`mhFIQqkr

hdqdrlnqdlnüimiQk`mjk|_khdr

1 4 2 < 0 = ? 7

M|pälkipmipd

Ikq}m`mim|l}lfdrhdrd`nk

M|l}lfdi

Lki|n`mrdit}m|k~j}~vdhnmipm

Pkpdhjmipm`mdl}mr`k

J}~m`}ldvk

Qrkvmîdqk~k

M|dhgkb}mik

Grdihkgrk

Dhmgrmqkrhd|miprmvn|pd|mipv~qmrnü`nlk

Kqninüi`mhdodjnhnd





<4

Hd|qrnilnqdhm|lkilh}|nkim|t}mdrrkedim|pk|rm|}hpd`k|m|t}mikmn|pm}ipmjdlkjõimiprm

hk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.|nikt}mfd~}idj}hpnqhnln`d``mnipmrm|m|)M|pkm|j}~b}mikqkrt}mni`nld

t}mik|mfdidgkpd`khd|qk|nbnhn`d`m|`mmqrm|nüi~t}mdõi|ml}mipdlkij}lfd|lk|d|qkr

`mlnr)

Dhg}ik|`m hk|pmjd||}gmrn`k|~d|mfdilkivmr|d`k~ m|j}~njqkrpdipm(qkrt}mt}nmrm`mlnr

t}m pk`dvêd t}m`di j}lfd| lk|d| |kbrm hd| l}dhm| lkivmr|dr `m m|m püqnlk mi m|qmlêonlk( |m

rmlkiklmt}mmi}idlkivmr|dlnüi`mjm`ndfkrdikm|qk|nbhmmqkimrpk`khkqk|nbhm~t}mdh

|mrqrmkl}qdlnkim|t}m|}rgmi`mhdlkpn`ndin`d`(rmohmed}idlkimnüimiprmhkt}m|}lm`mik

|ühk`miprk`mhFIQ(|nik`mhkt}m|}lm`mmimhqdê|migmimrdh)

Mhpnqk`mpmjd|m|vdrnd`k(pdipkdt}mhhk|t}m|kiqrkqnk|`mhk|qd|dpnmjqk|mnipmrm|m|hõ`nlk|

`mhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.lkjk`mhkt}mvnvmimi|}vn`d`ndrnd&rmhdlnkid`dlkjqhmpdjmipmlkimh

FIQ ~ mh prd|pkrik jmipdh t}m qk|mmi. ~ `m dhhê t}m nivdrndbhmjmipm |}redi `miprk `m hd|

qrmkl}qdlnkim|~imlm|n`d`m|`mmqrm|nüi)

Mipk`d ni|pnp}lnüi|klndh|}rgnräilkiprd nllnkim| ~q}ipk|t}m `mbmi|mr jmekrd`k| ~qkrmhhk

jn|jkm|imlm|drnkt}mmn|pddhg}nmit}mq}m`dikjbrdrhd|)Hdlkpn`ndin`d`nivn|nbnhnuddllnkim|

t}mqk`rêdijmekrdr|m(d|êlkjkhd|qkhêpnld|t}mmidhgõijkjmipk|nrvnmrkidh|n|pmjd|klndh

qdrdjdipmimr|m~mrdidlmqpd`d|(mikprkjkjmipk~lkihdmqrm|nüiqkrqdrpm`m}igr}qkk

ni`nvn }k hkgrd jk|prdr t}m ~d fd qmr n`k |} vngmilnd k t}m ~d ik |m d`dqpd d hd| i}mvd|

mngmilnd|`mh|n|pmjd)M|qkrmhhkt}mhk|pmjd||kbrmhk|l}dhm||mlkivmr|dmiQk`mjk|_khdr|m

q}m`di vmr lkjk }id kqkrp}in d `mjmekrd mihd| o}ilnkim| `mhd ni|pnp}lnüi~ ik|m t}m`m

õinldjmipmlkjkhdmqrm|nüi`mlrêpnlddhdjn|jd)

1 4 2

_nkhmilnd`kjî|ld

Jdhprdpk`mmiomrjmrk|+d|

Milnmrrk`mj}emrm|miqdbmhhkim|

Jõ|nld

Oõpbkh

Fmrjn`nkBdrrdipm|

L}dht}nmrd

@mhnil}milnd

@mqkrpm|vdrnd`k|Qrkgrdjd|mivnvk

Bdhkilm|pk

\kbrmmhFk|qnpdh

Mqrm|nüi`m|mijnmipk|mifkjbrm|

Ik|dbm+ikrm|qki`m

Pmjd|`mqdrdmh2142




<2

Ik pk`k| hk|&d|. hkl}pkrm|&d|. mqrm|drki }i lkjmipdrnk onidh ~ dt}mhhk| t}m |ê hk fnlnmrki |m

lki|ngididt}ê5

• @m|mdrêdqd|drd|dh}`drrd nk&Vnind(t}mdfkrdvnvmmiHnjüi.

• M|qdlnkqdrdfdlmrdjngk|

• M|j}~njqkrpdipmmhprdbdek`mm|pk|jm|m|• T}mqdrpnlnqmihd@rd)Jkipk~d~Ldrhk|\di`kvdhmi}idlkivmr|dlnüi• Di`rî|~D`rnäi|kib}mid|qmr|kid|~`monmi`mihk|nipmrm|m|lkjkgr}qk

mihdrd`nk

• ]idldjn|mpdlkimhhkgk

\m rmo}mrudi dhg}ik| `m hk| lkjmipdrnk| mjnpn`k| dipmrnkrjmipm ~ |m `d mh m|qdlnk qdrd t}m

|}gnmrdhdqdrpnlnqdlnüimimiprmvn|pdpdipk`mLdrhk|\di`kvdhlkjk`mhd@rd)LdrkhnidJkipk~d(

m|pk qkr hd lmrldiêd t}m djbk|o}ilnkidrnk| fdi pmin`k lki mhqrk~mlpk ~ lki hk| jn|jk|&d|>

hkl}pkrm|&d|.)

\mfdlmhdikpdlnüi`mhdldjn|mpd(lkjk}idokrjd`mn`mipnonldr|m~lkjkqdrpm`m}iqrklm|k

`m lki|pr}llnüi `m n`mipn d` ~ gr}qdhn`d &t}m |m mil}miprd |nmjqrm lki|pdipm ~ i}ild m|

m|päpnld(mim|qmlndhqkrt}mfd~dhg}ik|hkl}pkrm|t}mqdrpnlnqdi`mjdimrdkld|nkidh.)

L)Kqninüi`mhk|&d|.nivnpd`k|&d|.

Hk| l}m|pnkidrnk| |m mhdbkrdi dh onidhm| `m @nlnmjbrm qdrd qk`mr lki|}hpdr d hd| qmr|kid| t}m

qdrpnlnqdrki(|mq}`nmrkirmlkhmlpdr=(`mhpkpdh`mqmr|kid|t}mqdrpnlnqdrki)Qdrdm|pmdôk|m

rmmvdh}drämhni|pr}jmipkqdrdt}m|}dqhnldlnüi|mdmhjn|jk`êd`mhdqdrpnlnqdlnüi)

@mhd|kqninkim|rmlkhmlpd`d|pk`d|hdiudilkjmipdrnk|qk|npnvk|fdlndhdmqmrnmilnd(mihdl}dh|m

jk|prdbdijkpnvd`k|~ jkpnvd`d|qkrqdrpnlnqdr(<`m mhhk|mrdio}ilnkidrnk|qkr hkt}m`nemrki

t}m`m|mdi|mrqdrpm`mdhgkt}mfdlêdihd|~hk|}|}drnk|`mhlmiprk)]ik`mmhhk|jmilnkidt}m

|mrêdqk|npnvkt}mhd|~hk|hkl}pkrm|‘|mqrmqdrmiqdrdokrjdhnudrmhm|qdlnk~t}mik|khk|md

njqrkvn|dlnüi‚(lkjmipdt}mhdm|qkipdimn`d`m|njqkrpdipm(qmrk|m`mbmmt}nhnbrdr)

\}|qdrpnlnqdlnkim|hd|lkjkmirnt}mlm`krd|(pdipkqdrdmhhk|qdrdlkjkmhm|qdlnk`mhqrkgrdjd

~`m|mdit}mmhqrk~mlpklkipniõmqkrj}lfkpnmjqk)

@)Kqninüi`mhk|&d|.qdrpnlnqdipm|kld|nkidhm|&d|.

\mrmlnbnmrki7l}m|pnkidrnk|(õinldjmipm`mj}emrm|)Pk`d|hdiudilkjmipdrnk|qk|npnvk|fdlndmh

m|qdlnk D`mjä| ? lkiklêdi lki dipmrnkrn`d` mh qrk~mlpk) Hd| qmr|kid| vmi mh qrkgrdjd ~ hk|

M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdhlkjk}i|npnk`ki`m|mqmrjnpm`mrrnbdrjnpk|rm|qmlpk|dhd|qmr|kid|

lkidhgõipnqk`m`khkrq|êt}nlk(d`mjä|rmnvni`nldr|}m|qdlnk`m ln}`d`dik|~ ln}`d`did|lki

@mrmlfk|)@m|mdit}mmhm|qdlnk|mjdipmigdiqkrj}lfkpnmjqk)



<<

Mihdfmrrdjnmipdmhdbkrd`dqdrdhk|&d|.nivnpd`k|&d|.|mqrmg}ipd5»T}îkqnidh}mgk`mfdbmr

qdrpnlnqd`k`mhdmqmrnmilnd;hdjd~krêd`mhd|~hk|qdrpnlnqdipm|jmilnkid5

‘Pdjbnîilki|n`mrkt}m|mrm|qmpd~|mvdhkrnuddld`dhkl}pkrqkr|}dqkrpmlkjk|mrf}jdik~

iklkjk‘miomrjkjmipdh‚)Qkrkprdqdrpm(lrmkt}mm|}idmlmhmipmfmrrdjnmipdqdrdt}mhd|

qmr|kid|t}mfdi|n`kmpnt}mpd`d|lkidhg}id‖miomrjm`d`jmipdh„(~|mldjbnmihdpmi`milnd

qrm`kjnidipm mnivn|nbnhnudr~mlh}nrdm|pdqkbhdlnüi‚Lrn|pnidJ}rnhhkKrpmgd

‘Jm qdrmlm }id mqmrnmilnd mirnt}mlm`krd( lkivmr|dr lki qmr|kid| t}m pnmimi }id rmdhn d

`nomrmipm~t}m pnmimpdipk|`m|mk|`m|}qmrdr|m~ dlkjqdôdr|m)Jmqdrmlnünipmrm|dipmqk`mr

m|pdbhmlmr }i `nähkgk lki hk| }|}drnk| qdrd lkiklmr |} qmr|qmlpnvd( qdrd m|l}lfdrhk|( ~d t}m

`m|`m hdq|nlkhkgêd hk t}mfdlmjk| m|qkimrhm| ik|kprk|hd| qdhdbrd|( ldpmgkrnudr( `ndgik|pnldr(

qkld|vmlm|m|l}lfdr‚ DgdpfdGrdlêdFmriäi`mu

‘Q}m|jmqdrmlmjmekrt}ml}dht}nmrpmrdqndt}mhm|q}m`di`drdm|pk|qdlnmipm|mimhFIQ(mhlkjqrkjn|k ~ |dpn|odllnüi `m hk| qdrpnlnqdipm| rmohmedi hk| dhldilm| `mh qrkgrdjd) \nrvm lkjk

memjqhk( qdrdik|kprk|m|p} ndipm|`m q|nlkhkgêd(`mt}m fd~j}lfkt}m|mq}m`mfdlmrlkimh

pmjd `mhd| ni|pnp}lnkim|`m |dh}`jmipdh)\n hdhkl}rd |m`monim lkjk hdnjqk|nbnhn`d``m hduk

|klndh(m|qdlnk|lkjkm|pk|qk|nbnhnpdimhhduk|klndhqrkqnlndi`khd|dh}`jmipdh)‚_dhmrndKrpnu

_nhhdhkbk|

Dhdqrmg}ipd5»T}îrmlkjmi`dlnkim|`drêddhm|qdlnk;hdjd~krêd`mhd|~hk|qdrpnlnqdipm|

jmilnkid5

‘T}îlkipniõmilkiî|pdninlndpnvdqkrj}lfkpnmjqkjä|$‚IdpdhndDhvdrd`k

‘Rmlkjnmi`kt}m|mhm`î}idjd~kr`nv}hgdlnüi`nrngn`ddqmr|kid|t}mt}nmrdiqdrpnlnqdr(mihd

lhd|mikq}`mqrmg}ipdrdlmrld`m lüjk}idq}m`mqdrpnlnqdr(|nimjbdrgklki|n`mrkt}m|mrêd

b}mikt}m`midlkiklmrjd~krjmipmhkt}m}|pm`m|fdlmi~lüjknilh}nr|m)Qkrõhpnjklrmkt}m

|mrêdb}mikfdlmr}ilkivminklkihdm|l}mhd`mq|nlkhkgêd`mhd]LR(qdrdt}m|mq}m`difdlmr

qrälpnld|kqd|dipêd|mim|mh}gdr(ik|ühkvkh}ipdrnd`k(jm`n|l}hqk|nm|pk~dmn|pm~ikm|`mjn

lkiklnjnmipk)‚JdrndidDhqnudrG}mrrmrk

‘Okjmipdrêdjä|hdqdrpnlnqdlnüi`mj}emrm|mihdrd nk(d}it}mik|mfd~didlmrld`kdqdrpnlnqdr

qkr ninlndpnvd qmr|kidh( prdpdr `m nilmipnvdr m|d qdrpnlnqdlnüi qkrt}m m| njqkrpdipm t}m m|pm

m|qdlnk |md `m pk`k|( pdipk fkjbrm| lkjk j}emrm| qdrd ik |mg}nr rmqrk`}lnmi`k hd lki|ngidfn|pürnld `m t}m |khdjmipm hk| fkjbrm| q}m`mi fdlmr }|k `m hd qdhdbrd)‚ Dgdpfd Grdlêd

Fmriäi`mu



<0

M)Hduk\klndh~\dh}`Jmipdh

@miprk`mpk`d|hd|dlpnvn d`m|rmdhnud`d|mhqrk~mlpkdninlnd`klkhkldr|mlkjk}irmomrmipmqdrd

qk`mr |mr }i rmomrmipm |klndh `ki`m hd |klnm`d` q}m`m lkj}inldr|m lki qmr|kid| t}m pnmimi

dhgõi|}ornjnmipkq|êt}nlk)

Hk| M|qdlnk| `m \dh}` Jmipdh ~ hk| rmqkrpdem| mi qrmi|d fdi |mrvn`k qdrd lkhkldr mh m|qdlnk(nilmipnvdi`kdhd|qmr|kid|dm|l}lfdr~qdrpnlnqdr)Mhjn|jk@n|qk|npnvkfdbrni`d`khddqmrp}rd

|}onlnmipmqdrd jk|prdr|mlkjk }ih}gdrqdrdhd| qdrpnlnqdlnkim|hnbrm|( |nirm|prnllnkim|(vnmi`k

t}mpk`d|~pk`k|q}m`miqdrpnlnqdr)M|pk|mvmjdrld`kpdjbnîiqkrhd|qmr|kid|dokrjdrqdrpm

`m hd| ~ hk| nivnpd`k| q}m| fdi qd|d`k qkr mh qrkgrdjd `m|`m dhpk| emrdrld| `mh gkbnmrik(

d`khm|lmipm|( m|p}`ndipm| `m qrmgrd`k( jd`rm|) \m fd hkgrd`k t}m hd rd nk |md }i m|qdlnk `m

lkioh}milndb}|ldi`khdikrm|prnllnüi(d|qmlpkt}mhdqrk`}llnüiqrkl}rd(d}it}mm|pdik`monim

hd‘pkpdhn`d`‚`mhk|d|qmlpk|rmhdlnkid`k|lkihdqdrpnlnqdlnüi`mhjn|jk)

Hdnjqkrpdilnd`mhd|qdrpnlnqdlnkim|mihk|M|qdlnk|`m\dh}`Jmipdhm|pdh(t}mj}lfd|~j}lfk|

`mhk|hkl}pkrm|lrmdrki}iOki`kqdrdqk`mrfdlmr|mldrgk`mhk|gd|pk|mlkiüjnlk|t}mnjqhnld

m|pdr|dhnmi`k`mhFk|qnpdh)M|pkmvn`milnd}inipmrî|`mqk`mrjdipmimrh}gdrmhdlpnvk(`mt}mmh

`nimrkik|md}idhnjnpdipm)Qkrhkl}dhvmjk|njqkrpdipmjdipmimrhk`}rdipmm|pmdôk)

Hdlki|pr}llnüi`mm|kt}m|mhhdjd‘\dh}`Jmipdh‚ikq}m`m|mrqk|nbhm|nihdqdrpnlnqdlnüi`m

pk`d|~ pk`k| hk|t}mlkiokrjdjk|hd |klnm`d`(`mpk`d|hd|qrkom|nkim|(lki`nlnkim||klndhm|~

rmdhn`d`m|l}hp}rdhm|)D`nomrmilnd`mkprk|m|qdlnk|`ki`mm|pk|mpkrid|khkqkrqdhdbrd`mhd|~

hk|mqmrpk|(Qk`mjk|_khdrik|khk|mdbrmdhdqdhdbrd`mhd|qmr|kid|t}mfdbêdi`nek`med`d|

mimh‘do}mrd‚(|nikpdjbnîidpk`d|~pk`k|hk|t}mqkrikpmimr}ipêp}hkrmhdlnkid`klkihd\dh}

|mfdbêdi`med`kd}ihd`k`mm|mh}gdr)

Hd|`nvmr|d|`mokrjd|`mvmrhkt}mhhdjdi‘rmdhn`d`‚(mhrm|qmpk`mhdkqninüi~hdldqdln`d``m`ndhkgkm|}id`mhd|qrnilnqdhm|mqmrnmilnd|t}m|mjdinonm|pdimiQk`mjk|_khdrqdrdrmdhnudr

|} prdbdek)Hd rm`}llnüi `mh m|pngjd m| nivmr|djmipmqrkqkrlnkidh d hd djqhnp} `m vklm| t}m

q}m`diqdrpnlnqdr`mhd\dh}`Jmipdh`mLk|pdRnld(~dt}mhd`nvmr|n`d`jk|prdrät}mm|imlm|drnk

}id |klnm`d` mi `ki`m hd| imlm|n d`m| `nomrmipm| |mdi qdrpm `m hd vn`d |klndh ~ m| imlm|drnk

d`dqpdrm|mlkipkrikjä|t}m`medr‘mimhdo}mrd‚dhd|~hk|t}mikl}jqhdilkimh‘qrkjm`nk‚)



<=

_)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|

D)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhdqrk`}llnüi

• \kh}lnkidr hd odhpd `m qrm|}q}m|pk qdrd hk| qrk`}lpkrm| `mh qrk~mlpk( d|ê jdipmimr ~

jmekrdrhdldhn`d``mhd|qrk`}llnkim|(d|}vmuhhmvdrmhjn|jk`m}idjdimrdm|pdbhm

`mbn`kd|}lrmlnjnmipklki|pdipm(~dt}m|mpnmimij}lfk|lkjqrkjn|k|~dhndiud|qmrk

`nonl}hpdqk`mr`dr}idrm|q}m|pdqrkipddpk`d|mhhd|qkrm|pdodhpd`m nimrk)

• Dlmrldrjä|j}emrm|dhqrkgrdjd`mrd`nk`mokrjdpdht}m|mq}m`dhkgrdr}idjd~kr

qdrpnlnqdlnüi)

• Ninlndr }i qrklm|k `m rmlkqnhdlnüi m nivm|pngdlnüi dld`îjnlk*bnbhnkgräonld `m hd

mqmrnmilnd( qdrd qk`mr `dr i}mvk| dqkrpm| d hk| m|qdlnk| dld`îjnlk| `m okrjdlnüi m

nipmrvmilnüimi\dh}`Jmipdh)

• Rmokrudrmh |mipnjnmipk `m t}m Qk`mjk| _khdr ik m||khk mh dlpk jn|jk `mgrdbdr( mh

qrklm|k `m qrmqrk`}llnüi &nivm|pngdlnüi nilh}n d.( hd| |dhn`d| ~ dqdrnlnkim| qõbhnld| ~

m|qdlnk|dhpmrik|t}m|mq}m`didbrnrmimhFk|qnpdho}mrd`mhfkrdrnk`mpdhhmrm|)

• Gmimrdrqrklm|k|`mrml}mr`kmilkie}ipklkihk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.`mjdimrdt}mik|m

khvn`mihd|qmr|kid|t}mfdiqdrpnlnqd`k~hd|vnvmilnd|t}m|mfdimqmrnjmipd`k)

• @m|drrkhhdr ~ lkilrmpdr }id ong}rd hmgdh t}m qmrjnpd hd rmld}`dlnüi `m oki`k| qdrd

jdipmimrmhqrk~mlpk`mjdimrdni`mqmi`nmipm)

• @n|môdr }i lkivmink lki hd d`jnin|prdlnüi `mh Fk|qnpdh qdrd t}m qmrjnpd prdbdek `mh

qrk~mlpklkijd~krdgnhn`d`(mid|qmlpk|kqmrdpnvk|~hkgê|pnlk|(bdek}idong}rd`m}i

lkhmlpnvkt}mprdbded`mjdimrdni`mqmi`nmipm`miprk`mhd|m|pr}lp}rd|`mhFk|qnpdh)

• B}|ldrjd~krqrk~mllnüiidlnkidhmnipmridlnkidh)

B)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhk|hkl}pkrm|

• B}|ldrm|qdlnk|qdrdlkjqdrpnr~lkivmr|drdlmrld`mpmjd|`mnivm|pngdlnüi`mjdimrd

niokrjdh( |ni t}m |m pmigd t}m rml}rrnr d hd `nrmllnüi `m o}ilnkidrnk| `mh |mrvnlnk `m

Fk|qnpdh @n}rik) \m `m|md `m m|pd jdimrd okjmipdr hd ninlndpnvd qmr|kidh `m hk|&d|.

hkl}pkrm|&d|.d|êlkjk}i|mipnjnmipk`mgr}qdhn`d`mnilh}|k(`mhduk|klndhbdekhdokrjd

`mdhgk`mt}îlkivmr|dr)Lkirm|qmlpkdhk|&d|.o}ilnkidrnk|&d|.`mh|mrvnlnk(hkt}m|m

b}|ldm|t}mik|mrmldrg}mihdbkrm|t}mdipm|ikpmiêdit}mrmdhnudr)

• Qrkjkvmrjd~krqdrpnlnqdlnüi`m|}|lkjqdômrd|`mPdhhmrm|)

• Ni|pdr d o}ilnkidrnk| `mh Fk|qnpdh d dlmrldr|m d Qk`mjk| _khdr ~ t}m |m |nmipdi lki

hnbmrpd `mt}mrmr lkivmr|dr|kbrmpmjd|`m nipmrî|t}m`m|mmi mqkimr) Lki|pr}nr}id

vn|nüi mi lkie}ipk t}m mh qrkgrdjd m| qdrd qrm|mipdr hd rmdhn`d` `m hd| qmr|kid| lki

prd|pkrik jmipdh( ik |m prdpd mlh}|nvdjmipm `m t}m hk|&d|. }|}drnk|&d|. `m Fk|qnpdh

@n}rikq}m`dimemrlmr|}`mrmlfkdhdhnbrmmqrm|nüi)

• Jd~kr lkjqrkjn|k mi hd bõ|t}m`d `m niokrjdlnüi qdrdlki|pr}nr ~ qrkqkimr `n|pnipd|

pmjäpnld|(ikimlm|drndjmipm`mlkrpm‘dld`îjnlk‚(|nikt}mpdjbnîiq}m`di|mrhõ`nld|



<?

k`mnipmrî|qmr|kidh)M|pkqdrdrmokrudrhdni`nvn`}dhn`d`~hk|qrklm|k|`mimgklndlnüidh

mhmgnr|kbrmt}î|m`m|mdlkivmr|dr)

L)Rmlkjmi`dlnkim|qdrdhdd`jnin|prdlnüi`mhFk|qnpdhIdlnkidhQ|nt}näprnlk

• Brni`dr jd~kr dqmrp}rd d hd| dlpnvn d`m| `mh qrk~mlpk Qk`mjk| _khdr mi d|qmlpk|

kqmrdpnvk|~hkgê|pnlk|)• B}|ldr mh jmldin|jk d`jnin|prdpnvk t}m qmrjnpd }id jd~kr qdrpnlnqdlnüi `m `nvmr|k|

m|p}`ndipm|~qrkom|nkidhm|midlpnvn`d`m|`mdllnüi|klndh`miprk`mhd|ni|pdhdlnkim|(~d

t}m qkr dfkrd mn|pmi j}lfd| qmr|kid| nipmrm|d`d| qmrk hk| jmldin|jk| dlp}dhm|

`nonl}hpdit}m|mlkilrmpmi~`m|jkpnvddhd|~hk|qrkqkimipm|)

• Mh nipmrî| jk|prd`k qkr qdrpm `m m|p}`ndipm| ~ qrkom|nkidhm| `m okrjdr qdrpm `m hd|

o}ilnkim|`mQk`mjk|_khdr|mvdhkrdqk|npnvk(qkrt}mj}m|prdt}mfd~`n|qk|nlnüi`m

prdbdedrlkihdqkbhdlnüit}mqk|mmprd|pkrik|jmipdhm|~|kbrmm|pdkqkrp}in`d`qk`rêd

mh FIQ lki|n`mrdr }id jd~kr dqmrp}rd fdlnd ninlndpnvd| qklk prd nlnkidhm| t}m |m

qrkqkigdimimho}p}rk)

• Jkpnvdr}idjd~krqdrpnlnqdlnüi`mhd|qmr|kid|`mh\mrvnlnk@n}rik(qdrdt}mq}m`di|mrqdrpm`mhk|qrklm|k|`mlkipdlpk|klndht}mqrkqnlndmhm|qdlnk)

• Didhnudr hd qk|nbnhn`d` `m ninlndr mh qrklm|k lkie}ipk miprm qrk`}lpkrm| ~ mt}nqk| `m

prdbdekmihk|qdbmhhkim|qdrdbrni`drqdrpnlnqdlnüi`mhd|grdbdlnkim|`mQk`mjk|_khdr)

• Hk| ‘M|qdlnk| `m \dh}` Jmipdh‚ |ki }id mlmhmipm kqkrp}in d qdrd t}m hd| ~ hk| t}m

qdrpnlnqdi `m Qk`mjk| _khdr q}m`di pmimr lkipdlpk lki qmr|kid| `m hd |klnm`d` t}m

`m|mdilkiklmr|kbrm|}hdbkr~`n|l}pnr|kbrm`nvmr|k|pmjd|)D}it}mdvmlm||nginont}m

|} ik qdrpnlnqdlnüi `m hk| Pdhhmrm| `m Rmfdbnhnpdlnüi Kl}qdlnkidh |m `mbmrêd didhnudr hd

kqlnüi`m qmrjnpnr}idjd~krldipn`d``m qdrpnlnqdipm|qkr dlpnvn`d`m|( pkjdi`klkjk

kbempnvk njqkrpdipm t}m qdrpm `m hd rmfdbnhnpdlnüi pdjbnîi m| ninlndr lkipdlpk| lki hd

|klnm`d`(~Qk`mjk|_khdrq}m`mrm|}hpdrmimqmrnmilnd|qk|npnvd|mim|pmd|qmlpk)

Lkilh}|nkim|

Qk`mjk|_khdrm|hd qrnjmrmqmrnmilndd invmhidlnkidh`m}iqrk`}lpklkj}inldpnvkmimh t}m

qdrpnlnqdirmg}hdrjmipmqmr|kid|t}mqk|mmi}iprd|pkrikjmipdh~t}mm|prdi|jnpn`kdprdvî|

`m}ijm`nkidlnkidh(mim|pmdprdvî|`m414)>ojRd`nk])M|}im|o}mrukikvm`k|k(qkrt}mqdrpm

`mqrkom|nkidhm|eüvmim|miq|nlkhkgêd~l}~k|qmronhm|~mqmrnmilnddq}ipdidhdLkj}inldlnüi)

Qkrmhhk(mhqrklm|k`mqrmqrk`}llnüi~qhdimdjnmipkm|rkb}|pk~|mrnk)

@mm|pdjdimrd(|ml}jqhmlkimhkbempnvkgmimrdhqrkq}m|pkdipmmhLki|mekPîlinlk`}rdipmhd

qrm|mipdlnüi`mhdqrkq}m|pd(d|êlkjkhk|`k|qrnjmrk|kbempnvk|m|qmlêonlk|~`m}idjdimrd

ni`nrmlpdmhõhpnjkkbempnvkm|qmlêonlk)M|pkqkrt}mdhprdi|jnpnr|mhdvku~hd|kqninkim|`mhk|&d|.

hkl}pkrm|&d|.fdlnddo}mrd(fdlnd}iqõbhnlk(fdbrä}iqrnjmrdlmrldjnmipkdhdlki`nlnüi~dhd

vn`d`mhk|&d|.}|}drnk|&d|.`mhFk|qnpdh@n}rik)



<7

M| mi hk| ‘M|qdlnk| `m \dh}` Jmipdh‚ t}m mh pmrlmr kbempnvk m|qmlêonlk |m l}jqhm d ldbdhn d (

l}di`khdnipmrdllnüim|qk|nbhmt}m|m`îldrddldrd~ik|ühkm|k(|nikt}mm|qk|nbhmni|pd}rdr

}id lkivmr|dlnüi) ^d ik `m|`m hd qk|nlnüi `m |ühk }id m|l}lfd qkrt}m m| qk|nbhm hd

rmprkdhnjmipdlnüi(mhdqrmi`nudem~hdlrmdlnüimilkie}ipk)

Hk| kbempnvk| qhdipmd`k| o}mrki mhdbkrd`k| `m jdimrd pdh t}m |m l}jqhnmrdi pdi qrkipk |mmjnpnmrd dh dnrm mh qrkgrdjd( hk t}m `meü dbnmrpk d jõhpnqhm| qk|nbnhn`d`m| hd| dllnkim| t}m |m

hhmvdrêdi`m|q}î|`}rdipmmhdôk)@mm|pdokrjdhdninlndpnvd`mhd\mjdid mhd\dh}`Jmipdh|}rgm

lkjkqdrpm`mhd|dllnkim|pdipk`mqrkjklnüi`m}idlmrldjnmipkdhdqkbhdlnüiidlnkidhlkjk

`mm|dlki|ml}lnüipmjqrdid`mhk|kbempnvk|qrkq}m|pk|)

Mn|pm hd imlm|n d` `m |khvmipdr hd imlm|n d` `m b}|ldr onidilndjnmipk qdrd t}m mh prdbdek

rmdhnud`kqkrhdQrk`}llnüipmigd}idrmj}imrdlnüimlkiüjnld`mjdimrdt}mmhqrk~mlpkq}m`d

pmimrm|pdbnhn`d`~|mq}m`dd}jmipdr|} rdigk`m dllnüi)Qdrdmhhkm|imlm|drnkb}|ldrokrjd|

momlpnvd|qdrdldqpdrd~}`dqrnvd`d(|nit}m|mqkigdmimiprm`nlfkmhdl}mr`klkiRd`nk]`mt}m

`miprk`mhpnmjqk`mprdi|jn|nüi`mhqrkgrdjdikm|pîqrm|mipminig}idq}bhnln`d``mmjqrm|d

qrnvd`d)

Qk`mjk|_khdr|mqmronhdlkjk}i dqkrpmnjqkrpdipmdh qrklm|k`m`drm|qdlnk`m mqrm|nüi`m

hd| qmr|kid| lki dhgõi |}ornjnmipk q|êt}nlk ~ rmokrudjnmipk `m hduk |klndh( d`mjä| lkjk

mhmjmipk`mjmekrd`mhdldhn`d``mvn`d)

Hddrpnl}hdlnüi`mm|pk|rm|}hpd`k|kbpmin`k| jä|dhhä`mhk|kbempnvk|qrkq}m|pk|krngnidhjmipm

qmrjnpmidbrnrkqlnkim| mprdbdekqdrdmhdôk21425

*m|pdbhmlmr}iqrklm|kokrjdh`mnilkrqkrdlnüimild|k

*d}jmipdrm|qdlnk|qdrdlkjqdrpnrmiprmhk|&d|.hkl}pkrm|&d|.(mihk|t}mik|mvd~ddgrdbdr|nik

t}m |m prdpm `m jkjmipk| `ki`m |m hhmvmi d ldbk dlpnvn d`m| vdrnd| qrkq}m|pd| qkr hk| &d|.

}|}drnk|&d|.~|mqrkj}mvde}|pdjmipmhdnipmrdllnüi(

*jkpnvdrt}mjä|}|}drnk|&d|.|mdlmrt}midqdrpnlnqdr`mQk`mjk|_khdr(

*qrkjkvmrm|qdlnk|`mlkilnmipnudlnüi`miprk`mqmr|kidh`mhFk|qnpdh|kbrmhd|jk`dhn`d`m|`m

prdbdek`mhlkhmlpnvkQk`mjk|_khdr(

*b}|ldr m|qdlnk| qdrd t}m qmr|kid| `m hd qkbhdlnüi gmimrdh q}m`di qdrpnlnqdr mi hk|

dlkipmlnjnmipk|`mhdgrdbdlnüi(

*m|pdbhmlmrt}mpdipkmhfkrdrnk`mgrdbdlnüilkjkmh`mhk|m|qdlnk|`mlkjqdrpnr|m`m|drrkhhmi

h}mgk`monidhnud`d|hd|hdbkrm|mihk|pdhhmrm|qdrdodlnhnpdrhdd|n|pmilnd|ninipmrr}jqnrmhl}r|k`m

hd|dlpnvn`d`m|`mh|mrvnlnk(

*lkkr`nidrlkimhFk|qnpdht}m|modlnhnpm}im|qdlnkmimhl}dh|mq}m`dinjqhmjmipdrhk|m|qdlnk|

~hd|grdbdlnkim|o}mrd`mh@n}rikqdrdt}mmhlnmrrmikrjdh`mbn`kdhoni`mekrid`dik`nonl}hpm|}

meml}lnüi(



<6

*b}|ldr jmldin|jk| k ong}rd| hmgdhm| t}m odvkrmuldi hd ldqpdlnüi `m onidilndjnmipk( ~d |mdi

qõbhnlk|kqrnvd`k|bdekhdjk`dhn`d``moki`k|lkil}r|dbhm|k`kidlnüi)



<>

Bnbhnkgrdoêd`mLki|}hpd

Lk|pdRnld)Jnin|pmrnk`m \dh}`&2117.)‘Qkhêpnld|Ni|pnp}lnkidhm|‚)\diEk|î(Lk|pdRnld)@nrmllnüi

]RH5 fppq5++www)jnin|pmrnk`m|dh}`)gk)lr+ni`m)qfq+ninlnk*jmi}*qrnilnqdh*jdrlk*m|prdpmgnlk*

ni|pnp}lnkidh*j|

Lk|pdRnld)Jnin|pmrnk`m\dh}`)KrgdinudlnüiQdidjmrnldid`mhd\dh}`)&2116.)‘Niokrjm|kbrmmh

\n|pmjd`m\dh}`JmipdhmiLk|pdRnld‚)\diEk|î(Lk|pdRnld)

Lk|pd Rnld) Jnin|pmrnk `m \dh}`) &2117.) ‘Qhdi Idlnkidh `m \dh}` Jmipdh 2110*2141‚) \di Ek|î(

Lk|pdRnld)

@mhm}um(Gnhhm|&4>>?.‘Lrêpnld~lhêinld‚)M`npkrndhDidgrdjd)Bdrlmhkid(M|qdôd)

@mhm}um(Gnhhm|3G}dppdrn(Oîhn&2141.‘MhDipnM`nqk5Ldqnpdhn|jk~M|t}nukormind‚)Qdn`ü|Bä|nld)

B}mik|Dnrm|(Drgmipnid)

Edrd(K|ldr&4>>0.‘Qdrd|n|pmjdpnudrmqmrnmilnd|‚)Dhokred)\diEk|î(Lk|pdRnld)

J}i ndh `m hd \dh}`) Krgdinudlnüi &4>>1.) ‘@mlhdrdlnüi `m Ldrdld|‚) Ldrdld|( _mimu}mhd)

Rml}qmrd`dmi5fppq5++www)kd|)krg+`nh+m|q+@mlhdrdlnki[`m[Ldrdld|)q`o

Idlnkim|]in`d|)Krgdinudlnüi &4>06.) ‘@mlhdrdlnüi]invmr|dh`mhk| @mrmlfk| F}jdik|‚) Qdrê|(

Ordilnd)Rml}qmrd`kmi5fppq5++www)}i)krg+m|+`kl}jmip|+}`fr+

Khnvmrd( Dhorm`k &211>. "Hd Lkhnodpd( rmhdlnüi miprm Drpm ~ \dh}` Jmipdh"( Lhmqnk|( Rmvn|pd `m

Rm|n`mipm|`m\dh}`Jmipdh))_khV_*Iµ4)M`)Qkhmjk|)B}mik|Dnrm|(Jdruk+E}ink)

Khnvmrd( Dhorm`k &2116. "H}lfd dipnjdinlkjndh5 prdi|okrjdlnüi( `n|l}r|k| ~ qrälpnld|"( \dh}`jmipdh( mqmrnmilnd| ~ qrdlpnld|( &Lkkr`) G) CDUN( J) DEMRMU.( M`) Jd`rm| `m Qhdud `m Jd~k(

M|qdlnkM`npkrndh(B}mik|*Dnrm|)

Qmrlnd(Jdrlmhk&2110.‘@mhnbmrdrhd|q|nlk|n|‚)H}gdrM npkrndh)B}mik|Dnrm|(Drgmipnid)

Rk`rêg}mu( Ekrgm &211>.) ‘\dh} Jmipdh mi hd Lkj}in d`( |mg}i`d m nlnüi‚) Krgdinudlnüi

Qdidjmrnldid`mhd\dh}`)Wd|fnigpki(@L)

Rk`rêg}mu( Jdi}mh &4>>4. ‘Rm|môd Fn|pürnld Fk|qnpdh Idlnkidh Q|nt}näprnlk Jdi}mh Dipkink

Lfdq}ê‚(JdpmrndhNiî`npk)BnbhnkpmldIdlnkidh`m\dh}`~\mg}rn`d \klndh&BNID\\.)@nrmllnüi]RH5

fppq5++www)bnid|||)|d)lr+

\drdlmik( Bmim`mppk &211<.) ‘Hd Hnbmrdlnüi `m hk| qdlnmipm| q|nt}näprnlk|5 `m hd rmfdbnhnpdlnüi

Q|nlk|klndhdhdln}`d`diêdqk|nbhm‚)M`npkrndhQd(Jînlk)

Udjbrnin(D`rndid&2111.Mh@m|mkIüjd`m5]idlhêinld`mhdlkipmlnjnmipk(`m|`mInmpu|lfm(

@mhm}um(G}dppdrn H}gdrM`npkrndh)B}mik|Dnrm|Drgmipnid)

Informe Labores Podemos Volar 2011

Documents

Transcript of Informe Labores Podemos Volar 2011