Informe Final de Mecanica de Suelos

8/17/2019 Informe Final de Mecanica de Suelos

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MECÁNICA DE SUELOS I

UNIVERSIDAD DE SAN MARTIN DE PORRES

FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA Y ARQUITECTURAEscuela profesioal !e I"eier#a Ci$il

MEC%NICA DE SUELOS I

Trabajo: INFORMES DE LABORATORIO

Alumno: SANCHEZ OBREGÓN, Jorge

Docente: ING. GONZALO FANO.

Sección: 30 F

LA MOLINA-LIMA-PERÚ

1 USMP


2/47


DEDICATORIA

Quero !e!"#r e$%e %r#'o #

($ )#!re$ *ue (e #)o+#

"o!"o#-(e%e + #- ING. ING.

GONZALO FANO, *ue "o $u "o$%#%e

#$e$or# o$ gu/ e "u-"/ e$%g#r

re$)e"%o #- %e(#1 "o -# *ue )u!e

"o"re%#r ue$%r#$ !e#$ + --e#r # "#&o

e$%e %r#'o, *ue "o e- e$2uero e %er4$

e #)re!er re$)e"%o # -o$ %)o$ !e $ue-o$

+ )ro"e!(e%o$ )#r# e#-u#r "#!# %)o !e

$ue-o$ (e!#%e e- -#&or#%oro1 -# re-#"/e5$%e%e, )#r# 6#"er u# $#%$2#"%or#

e!2"#"/. A$ )u!(o$ re#-#r -#$

!er$#$ re"o)-#"oe$ !e 2or(#"/. E-

%e(# e"o(e!#!o o$ !# u e2o*ue

G-o- !e -o *ue e$ ue$%r# "#rrer#, $u

!e$"u&r(e%o, $u$ #)-"#"oe$,

!er#!o$, e%". I2or(#"/ *ue "o(o

e$%u!#%e$ + "u!#!#o$ re*uer#(o$.

2 USMP


3/47


Informe de laboratorio n°1 : ANÁLISISgranulomÉ!ICO ASMD "##

Introdu$$i%n E -o$ "o(eo$ !e -# e$%g#"/ !e -#$ )ro)e!#!e$ !e -o$ $ue-o$ $e"re+/ *ue -#$ )ro)e!#!e$ (e"7"#$ !e)e!# !re"%#(e%e !e -#!$%r&u"/ !e -#$ )#r%"u-#$ "o$%%u+e%e$ $eg8 $u$ %#(#9o$1 )or e--o er#)reo"u)#"/ e$)e"#- !e -o$ geero$ -# &8$*ue!# !e (4%o!o$ #!e"u#!o$)#r# o&%eer %#- !$%r&u"/. Au 6o+, %#- )#re"e *ue %o!o %4""o %ere$#!o e$ue-o$ !e&e )#$#r # (o!o !e e%#)# !e "#"/, )or u# 4)o"# e *ue $e$e%e o&-g#!o # "reer *ue, "o $u2"e%e e5)ere"#, e$ )o$&-e !e!u"r -#$)ro)e!#!e$ (e"7"#$ !e -o$ $ue-o$ # )#r%r !e $u !$%r&u"/ gr#u-o(4%r"#o !e$"r)"/ )or %#(#9o$.

So-#(e%e e $ue-o$ grue$o$, "u+# gr#u-o(e%r# )ue!e !e%er(#r$e )or (#--#$, -# !$%r&u"/ )or %#(#9o$ )ue!e ree-#r #-go !e -o re2ere%e # -#$)ro)e!#!e$ 2$"#$ !e- (#%er#-1 e e2e"%o, -# e5)ere"# !"# *ue -o$ $ue-o$grue$o$ &e gr#!u#!o$, o $e# "o #()-# g#(# !e %#(#9o$, %ee"o()or%#(e%o geer- (7$ 2#or#&-e, e -o *ue #%#9e # #-gu#$)ro)e!#!e$ ()or%#%e$, *ue -o$ $ue-o$ !e gr#u-o(e%r# u2or(e1 e"#)%u-o$ )o$%erore$, 6#&r7 o"#$/ !e re$#-%#r e$%e )u%o.

M7$ #u e -o$ $ue-o$ grue$o$, 6# !e $e9#-#r$e, $eg8 +# $e !'o, *ue e-"o()or%#(e%o (e"7"o e 6!r7u-"o e$%# )r")#-(e%e !e2!o )or -#"o()#"!#! !e -o$ gr#o$ + $u ore%#"/, "#r#"%er$%"#$ *ue !e$%ru+e, )or -#($(# (#er# !e re#-#r$e, -# )rue !e gr#u-o(e%r#, !e (o!o *ue e $u$re$u-%#!o$ 2#-e$ $e 6# %e!o *ue )er!er %o!# 6ue--# !e #*ue--#$ )ro)e!#!e$%# !e"$#$. De e$%o $e !e$)re!e -o (u+ !e$e#&-e *ue $er# )o!er 6#"er u# e$%g#"/ gr#u-o(4%r"# "o u (4%o!o %#- *ue re$)e%#r# -#e$%ru"%ur#"/ #-%er#!# !e- (#%er#-1 e$%e (4%o!o, $ e(rgo, 6#$%# 6o+ o$e 6# e"o%r#!o + %o!o )#re"e !"#r *ue o $e )o!r7 !e$#rro--#r '#(7$.

E $ue-o$ 2o$ e e$%#!o #-%er#!o, -#$ )ro)e!#!e$ (e"7"#$ e 6!r7u-"#$!e)e!e e %#- gr#!o !e $u e$%ru"%ur#"/ e 6$%or# geo-/g"#, *ue e-"oo"(e%o !e $u gr#u-o(e%r#, re$u-%# %o%#-(e%e 8%-. S e(rgo, e-geero %ere$#!o e $ue-o$ !e&e e$%#r $u2"e%e(e%e 2#(-#r#!o "o -o$"r%ero$ %4""o$ $#!o$ e -# !$%r&u"/ gr#u-o(4%r"# + "o -o$ (4%o!o$(7$ ()or%#%e$ )#r# $u !e%er(#"/, )ue$ e$%o$ %e(#$ o"u)# #u ue$)#"o #)re"#&-e !e%ro !e -# -%er#%ur# %4""# + $e 6#"e e"e$#ro #-geero (o!ero e$%#r (7$ 2or(#!o $o&re e$%# (#%er# *ue #*ue--o$ *ue,$ -# "oee%e (e!%#"/ !e $u$ !e#$, #)-"# or(#$ $()-$%#$,

"o!u"e%e$ # "o"-u$oe$ #"e)%#&-e$.

3 USMP


4/47


O&'EI(OS

• Coo"er + #)-"#r e- e$#+o !e gr#u-o(e%r# e e- L#&or#%oro !e

Me"7"# !e $ue-o$ !e -# uer$!#! + %o(#r e "o$!er#"/ -o$

!#%o$.

• L-e#r # "#&o u# $ere !e (e!"oe$ + gr#!#"oe$ )#r# "-#$2"#r -#

(ue$%r# u$#!# e e- -#&or#%oro gr#u-o(4%r"#(e%e "o -o$ !#%o$

"orre$)o!e%e$.

• Co()ror -# 2u"o#&-!#! !e -o$ e*u)o$ )#r# e- e$#+o !e

gr#u-o(e%r#.

• I!e%2"#r -o$ %#("e$ *ue $e # # u$#r e e- -#&or#%oro.

• O&%eer -# "ur# !e- Hu$o )#r# e- %)o !e $ue-o e$#+#!o.

4 USMP


5/47


eor)a

Se !eo(# "-#$2"#"/ gr#u-o(4%r"# o gr#u-o(e%r#, # -# (e!"/ +gr#!#"/ *ue $e --e# # "#&o !e -o$ gr#o$ !e u# 2or(#"/ $e!(e%#r#, !e

-o$ (#%er#-e$ $e!(e%#ro$, #$ "o(o !e -o$ $ue-o$, "o 2e$ !e #7-$$,%#%o !e $u orge "o(o !e $u$ )ro)e!#!e$ (e"7"#$, + e- "7-"u-o !e -##&u!#"# !e -o$ "orre$)o!e%e$ # "#!# uo !e -o$ %#(#9o$ )re$%o$ )or u# e$"#-# gr#u-o(4%r"#.

1 M!to"o "e "eterminación #ranulom!trico:

E- (4%o!o !e !e%er(#"/ gr#u-o(4%r"o (7$ $e"--o e$ 6#"er )#$#r -#$)#r%"u-#$ )or u# $ere !e (#--#$ !e !$%%o$ #"6o$ !e e%r#(#!o # (o!o

!e "o-#!ore$; *ue #"%8e "o(o 2-%ro$ !e -o$ gr#o$ *ue $e --#(#"o(8(e%e "o-u(# !e %#("e$.


6/47


6 USMP


7/47


DATOS DE LA+ORATORIO

1 ?00>30@ 0 gr##$.

$ 0 ? @ ? e%o"e$: ?00>?@ #re#$ gr## "o #re# e$e$"#$o;.

( Fo$• Gr##$ @ 0• ?00 3 @ 3 Fo$ "o #re#$ )-7$%"o o N


8/47


• G @ "" @ ?>3 , "u @ "u()-e &e gr#!#!#;• A @ "" @ ?>3 , "u@ o "u()-e (#- gr#!#!#;

3 #re#

2 3 -(o

3 0 #r"--#

!ESULADOS DEL LA&O!AO!IO

4ranulometr5a:

)0ADRO N61

malla abertura .mm/ Pe%o ret .#r/ 7 ret 7 8ue 9a%a

1 1$; 3K.?0 0 0 ?001; .00 ?K?.00 ?K. K

(,; ?.00 ??.00 ?.0 1$; ?.0 ?33.00 ?.? K( .00 ?.30 . N= $> 0.K .00 . ?KN= ,> 0. . .0? ??N= 2> 0. 3. 3.33 KN= 1>> 0.? . .0 3

N= $>> 0.0 ?. ?. ??ONDO >>>> ?.K . .TOTAL >>>> 3.00 . .

#;


9/47


• re%e!o N @


10/47


+

#+

"+

,+

-+

1++

1#+CUADRO N&'

. /ue 0aa

+

#+

"+

,+

-+

1++

1#+CUADRO N&(

. /ue 0aa

2OOS

10 USMP

LIMOS A!CIA!ENAS4!A(AS


11/47


11 USMP


12/47


13/47


Informe de laboratorio n°# : CONENIDO DE 5UMEDADASMD ##1,

I)ro!ucci*

E- #gu# *ue $e re)re$e%# e -o$ $ue-o$ )ue!e $er !e !o$ "-#$e$:!re#&-e + o!re#&-e1 e$ !e"r, #*ue--# *ue )ue!e $er !re#!# 27"-(e%e )or #""/ !e -# gr#e!#!, o #gu# -&re, + #*ue--# *ue o e$ )o$&-e !re#r-# )or -o$ (e!o$ (e"7"o$ "oo"!o$.


14/47


E$%# )ro)e!#! 2$"# !e- $ue-o e$ !e gr# u%-!#! e -# "o$%ru""/ "- + $eo&%ee !e u# (#er# $e"--#, )ue$ e- "o()or%#(e%o + -# re$$%e"# !e -o$

$ue-o$ e -# "o$%ru""/ e$%7 reg!o$, )or -# "#%!#! !e #gu# *ue "o%ee.E- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! !e u $ue-o e$ -# re-#"/ !e- "o"e%e !e- )e$o !e-#$ )#r%"u-#$ $/-!#$ + e- )e$o !e- #gu# *ue gu#r!#, e$%o $e e5)re$# e%4r(o$ !e )or"e%#'e.


15/47


E8ui9o: • re")e%e )#r# 6u(e!#!.• 6oro "o "o%ro- !e %e()er#%ur# #!e"u#!o

@ 5 ?00 S

Do!e:

C:


16/47


CALICAT

A

??;

M-,

?3.>?.;

M-<

?.3>0;

M-1>

.>3.?;

M-1

K.>.?;

M-1@

3.>33;

M-$1

3.>3.3;

M-$2

?.>?.;

M-(1

.>.;

M-(2

.>.;

M-(@

>0.;

1.WH+T 167.87 207.71 196.80 199.48 200.69 187.

20

196.

22

181.

44

183.15 178.03 159.37

2.WS+T 141.17 164.26 141.92 145.88 151.02 144.

7

144.

7

148.

12

145.35 136.61 138.68

3.PESO

TARA

28.57 28.79 29.34 28.77 29.39 28.7

9

287.

70

28.5

7

29.34 29.39 28.57

4.WW(1-

2)

26.75 43.45 59.88 53.60 49.67 42.5

0

51.5

2

33.3

2

37.80 41.69 20.61

5.WS(2-

3)

112.55 135.47 112.58 117.11 121.62 115.9

1

115.9

3

119.5

5

116.01 107.22 110.11

6.HUME

DAD(4/5

)*100

23.77 32.07 48.74 45.77 40.84 36.6

7

44.4

4

27.8

7

32.58 38.89 18.79

16#+#6*+*6"+"66+66+

1+

#+

*+

"+

6+

,+

7+

f89 ; < +=">9 ? 61=11!@ ; +=+>

CUADRO DE CONTENIDO DE -UMEDAD

Linear 8

. -UMEDAD

CALICATA/PROFUNDIDAD

16 USMP


17/47


DATOS

• -=-6 ,,=+63.LATA "#=#1 "#=*# "1=,>4.WW (1-2) +=>+ #=66 7=,+5.WS (2-3) ,,="# 6,=6* #"=*,6.HUME

DAD(4/5)*100

1=*,. "=61. *1=#+.

ARENA ARENA4 LIMOLITA

ARCILLA

17 USMP


18/47


!ECOMENDACIONES

• Teer "u!#!o #- )e$#r -# (ue$%r#, +# $e# e e$%#!o 68(e!o +o $e"o

)#r# )o!er re#-#r -o$ "7-"u-o$ re$)e"%o$.

• T#r#r -o$ re")e%e$ #%e$ !e )e$#r -# (ue$%r#, )#r# #$ o&%eer e- #-or

!/eo )#r# e- e$#+o.

• H#"er -o$ "7-"u-o$ re$)e"%o$, %o(#r e "ue%# $u$ !e"(#-e$ !e !"6o

"7-"u-o.• Re#-#r u gr#2"o -u$%r#%o )#r# er "/(o #"%8# -# 6u(e!#! e

re-#"/ !e -# )ro2u!!#! !e "#!# "#-"#%#.

Con$luione

• De #"uer!o "o e$%o$ re$u-%#!o$ $e )ue!e "o"-ur *ue e- (4%o!o (7$

"o2#&-e )#r# -# re#-#"/ !e e$%e e$#+o e$ e- re#-#!o "o e- 6oro,+# *ue e$%e -# (ue$%r# $e $e"# %o%#-(e%e + #$ e- )or"e%#'e !e6u(e!#! "#-"u-#!o$ #"er"# (7$ # -# re#-!#!.

• Me%r#$ *ue "o e- Hu(e!/(e%ro o&%u(o$ u !#%o (eo$ )re"$o,)ero gu#- !e "o2#&-e !e&!o # *ue e- (#rge !e error "o re$)e"%o #-6oro e$ ((o, e$ e- (7$ u%-#!o !e&!o # -# r#)!e "o *ue $ere#-#.

• E e- -#&or#%oro $e o&$er/ *ue e e- #greg#!o 2o + grue$o -o$ "u#-e$

e$%# e u #(&e%e #- #re -&re, -# 6u(e!#! %o%#- e$ "#$#)ro5(#!#(e%e gu#- # %o!#$ -#$ (ue$%r#$ %o(#!#$.

• L# 6u(e!#! %o%#- !e -o$ #greg#!o$ e$ re-#%#(e%e '#, e$%o o$

*uere !e"r *ue e -o$ )oro$ !e- #greg#!o e$%# )#r"#-(e%e $e"o$1#*u )o!e(o$ !e!u"r *ue e- #greg#!o o$ #)or%# u# ((# "#%!#!!e #gu# # -# (e"-# e -# "u#- e$%#(o$ )ro"e$#!o + !e%er(#!o $u6u(e!#!.

18 USMP


19/47


Informe de laboratorio n°* : CONSISENCIA BLASICIDAD

I)ro!ucci*

E5$%e $ue-o$ *ue #- $er re(o-!e#!o$, "#(&#!o $u "o%e!o !e #gu# $ e$e"e$#ro, #!o)%# u# "o$$%e"# "#r#"%er$%"#, *ue !e$!e 4)o"#$ #%gu#$$e 6# !eo(#!o !e2or(#"/ !e -o$ (#%er#-e$. Cu#!o u (#%er#- $e$u'e%# # e$2uero$ !e %e$/ u#5#-, )or e'e()-o, $u "o()or%#(e%o(e"7"o e$%7 !e$"r%o )or $u re-#"/ e$2uero$>!e2or(#"oe$, u# 6)/%e$$re2ere%e # $u "o()re$&-!#! + u "r%ero !e 2-ue"#. L# 2or(# !e u# "ur#

!e e$2uero>!e2or(#"/ !e)e!e1 #%ur#-(e%e, !e -#$ "#r#"%er$%"#$ !e-(#%er#- "o *ue $e %r#'e, )ero -# e$%g#"/ 6# )er(%!o e$%#&-e"er #-guo$ 6e"6o$ "o(ue$ # (u"6o$ (#%er#-e$.


20/47


O+,e)i$os

De%er(#r e- -(%e )-7$%"o !e -# (ue$%r#.

C-#$2"#r -# (ue$%r# !e #"uer!o # $u )-#$%"!#!.

• Coo"er + !2ere"#r -o$ -(%e$ !e A%%er&erg )#r# "#!# %)o !e (ue$%r#.

Coo"er + #)-"#r e- e$#+o )ro)ue$%o )or C#$#gr#!e ?3; )#r#

!e%er(#r e- -(%e -*u!o + $u re-#"/ "o -# re$$%e"# #- "or%e !e-$ue-o "o u !e%er(#!o "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#!.

TEORIA

E%ta"o% "e con%i%tencia Limite% "e 9la%tici"a":


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Determinación actual "el l5mite li8ui"o:

E- -(%e -*u!o e$%7 !e2!o, "o(o e- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! "o e- "u#- u#(#$# !e $ue-o "o-o"#!# e u re")e%e e 2or(# !e "u"6#r# #)#r#%o !e

C#$#gr#!e;, $e $e)#r# "o u# 6err#(e%# )#%r/ Er#ur#!or;, $e !e'# "#er !e$!e u# #-%ur# !e ? "( o $u2re e- "erre !e e$# r#ur# e ? "( !e$)u4$ !e go-)e$ !e -# "u"6#r# "o%r# u# $e !e "#u"6o !ur# o $(-#r.

C#$#gr#!e ?3;, !e%er(/ *ue e- -(%e -*u!o e$ u# (e!!# !ere$$%e"# #- "or%e !e- $ue-o # u !e%er(#!o "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! o *ue"#!# go-)e e"e$#ro )#r# "err#r e- $ur"o, "orre$)o!e # u e$2uero "or%#%e"er"#o # ? gr"(.

L# (ue$%r# !e e$#+o !e&e $er gu#- o (#+or *ue ?00 gr#(o$ o )#$#r "o()-e%#(e%e )or e- %#( !e 0. (( (#--# NU0 ASTM;

E8ui9o nece%ario:

A)#r#%o !e -(%e -*u!o (7*u# !e C#$# Gr#!e;, e- *ue "o$$%e e

u# %## "u"6#r#; !e &ro"e "o u# (#$# !e 00 > 0 gr#(o$,(o%#!# e u !$)o$%o !e #)o+o 2'#!o e u# $e !e "#u"6o,(#!er# o )-7$%"o !uro.

A"##-#!or C#$#gr#!e o ASTM;, (#go !e "#-&re !e ? "( )#r#

er2"#r -# #-%ur# !e "#!# !e -# "u"6#r#.


22/47


)re$e%# !e$)re!(e%o$ !e -# )#$%# e e- 2o!o !e -# %##, $e !e&e re%r#r %o!o e- (#%er#- + re"#r e- )ro"e!(e%o.

Cu#!o $e %ee e- $ur"o, $e gr# -# (#e-# !e- #)#r#%o "o u# 2re"ue"# !e

go-)e$ )or $egu!o, "o%#!o e- 8(ero !e go-)e$ e"e$#ro$ )#r# *ue -#r#ur# "erre e ?0 (( !e -og%u! e e- 2o!o !e e--#. F#-(e%e, $e %o(##)ro5(#!#(e%e ?0 gr#(o$ !e- (#%er#- *ue $e 'u%# e 2o!o !e- $ur"o )#r#!e%er(#r -# 6u(e!#!.

E- (#%er#- $o&r#%e $e %r#$-#!# #- )-#%o !e e#)or#"/ )#r# (e"-#r-oue#(e%e "o #gu# !e$%-#!# + re)e%r e- )ro"e!(e%o )or -o (eo$ e"e$ (7$, !e (o!o !e o&%eer %re$ )u%o$ *ue #re e u r#go !e ? # 3go-)e$ !e#- e$ %o(#r )u%o$;. E$ ()or%#%e $e9#-#r *ue e- e$#+o $e !e&ere#-#r !e$!e -# "o!"/ (7$ 68(e!# # -# (7$ $e"#.

Determinación "el l5mite 9lF%tico:

E- -(%e )-7$%"o $e 6# !e2!o #r&%r#r#(e%e "o(o e- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#!!e- $ue-o #- "u#- u "-!ro !e 4$%e, $e ro()e o re$*ue&r#'# #- #(#$#!o)re$e%#!o u !7(e%ro !e #)ro5(#!#(e%e 3 ((.

E$%# )rue e$ $%#%e $u&'e%#, e$ !e"r, !e)e!e !e- o)er#!or, e- "u#- !e&e#+u!#r$e "o u #-#(&re u o%ro (#%er#- !e 3 (( !e !7(e%ro )#r# 6#"er -#"o()#r#"/ + e$%#&-e"er e- (o(e%o e *ue e- $ue-o $e re$*ue&r#'# +

)re$e%# e- !7(e%ro e$)e"2"#!o.L# (ue$%r# e"e$#r# )#r# re#-#r e$%e e$#+o !e&er7 %eer u )e$o#)ro5(#!o !e 0 gr#(o$ + )#$#r "o()-e%#(e%e )or e- %#( !e 0. (((#--# NU0 ASTM;.

E8ui9o nece%ario:

- E$)7%u-# 6o'# 2-e5&-e 0 (( !e #"6o + 0 (( !e -#rgo.-


23/47


L# (ue$%r# !e e$#+o $e )re)#r# !e (#er# !4%"# # -# !e$"r%# e e- -(%e-*u!o, o &e )ue!e u$#r$e -# ($(# (ue$%r# *ue $e u$/ e e$e e$#+o, e -#e%#)# e *ue -# )#$%# !e $ue-o $e ue-# -o $u2"e%e(e%e )-7$%"# )#r#

(o-!e#r-# "o(o u# e$2er#.

Se %o(# u# )or"/ !e $ue-o !e #)ro5(#!#(e%e ? "(3, $e #(#$# e%re -#$(#o$ + $e 6#"e ro!#r "o -# )#-(# !e -# (#o o -# $e !e- )u-g#r, )or $o&re-# $u)er2"e !e #(#$#!o, 2or(#!o u "-!ro. Cu#!o $e #-"#"e u !7(e%ro#)ro5(#!o # 3 (( $e !o&-# + #(#$# ue#(e%e, )#r# o-er # 2or(#r e-"-!ro, -o *ue $e re)%e 6#$%# *ue e- "-!ro $e !$gregue #- --eg#r #- !7(e%ro!e 3 (( e %roo$ !e %#(#9o !e 0. # ? "( !e -#rgo + o )ue!# $er re#(#$#!o re"o$%ru!o.

E- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! *ue %ee e- $ue-o e e$e (o(e%o re)re$e%# e--(%e )-7$%"o, e- "u#- $e !e%er(# "o-o"#!o -#$ 2r#""oe$ !e $ue-o e ure")e%e, $e"7!o-#$ #- 6oro.

Se !e&e 6#"er %re$ !e%er(#"oe$ *ue o !2er# e%re $ e (7$ !e ,e "#$o "o%r#ro !e&er7 re)e%r$e e- e$#+o.


NU !e go-)e$ 3 ? 3 ?K1.WH+T .?? . .? ?. K.?? .0?2.WS+T .00 3.?? K. . K.? 3.3.PESO

TARA

3. 3. 3.? 3K. 3. 3.0

4.WW(1-2) .?? .K3 .? K. . .5.WS(2-3) ?. ?K.3 ?.? .? .? .36.HUME

DAD(4/5)*10

0

((>> $2$@ (2 $1< $$$@

23 USMP


24/47


Limite L58ui"o:

NU !e go-)e$


25/47


.WS+T . 3.K 3. 3.!.PESO TARA 3K. 3.? 3. 3.10.WW(7-) ?. ?.3 .? ??.11.WS(-!) . .3 .? .

12.HUMEDAD(10/11)*10

0

3.?0 .0 ?.K0 ?.30

L(%e


26/47


2OOS

!ECOMENDACIONES

• To(#r #r#$ (ue$%r#$ )#r# )o!er #)re"#r (e'or -# gr#2"# 6u(e!#! $

u(ero !e go-)e$.• T#r#r -o$ re")e%e$ #%e$ !e )e$#r -# (ue$%r#, )#r# #$ o&%eer e- #-or

!/eo )#r# e- e$#+o.

• M#r"#r -#$ %#)#$ !e -# (ue$%r# )#r# !e%2"#r-#$ e%re "#!# e$#+o.

26 USMP


27/47


• A- (o(e%o !e re#-#r e- e$#+o !e -(%e )-7$%"o )oer-o e u#

$u)er2"e -$#.• L# (ue$%r# !e&e %eer u "er%o gr#!o !e 6u(e!#!, )#r# )o!er re#-#r

#!e"u#!#(e%e e- e$#+o

Con$luione

E- -(%e )-7$%"o o&%e!o e e- e$#+o, e$ !e #"uer!o # -o$ )#r7(e%ro$

*ue o$ !# -# (ue$%r#.

De #"uer!o # -# )-#$%"!#! o&%e!# !e -# (ue$%r# )o!e(o$ #2r(#r *ue

$e %r#%# !e #r"--#.

• E $ue-o$ #r"--o$o$ e- #"##-#!or )o!r# $er )#$#!o u# e, e "#(&o

)#r# -(o$ $e re*uere (7$ !e u# )#$#!# + $e !e&e -()#r e-#"##-#!or e "#!# u# !e e--#$.

Informe de laboratorio n°" : DENSIDAD DE CAMBOASM D166,

I)ro!ucci*

L# !e$!#! e$ e- %4r(o *ue $e u%-# )#r# !e$"r&r e- )ro"e$o !e!e$2"#"/ !e u (#%er#- (e!#%e (e!o$ (e"7"o$1 e- "re(e%o !e

!e$!#! $e o&%ee #- !$(ur e- "o%e!o !e #re e -o$ #"o$ e %#%o $e(#%ee e- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! #)ro5(#!#(e%e "o$%#%e.

27 USMP


28/47


E -# )r7"%"#, !e "o()#"%#"/ $e re#-# "o 2re"ue"# $o&re -o$ (#%er#-e$*ue $e u%-# )#r# re--eo$ e -# "o$%ru""/ !e %err#)-ee$, )ero %#(&4)ue!e re#-#r$e $%u "o $ue-o$ #%ur#-e$ e )ro+e"%o$ !e (e'or#(e%o !e-%erreo.

E- gr#!o "o()#"%#"/ !e u $ue-o o !e u re--eo $e (!e "u#%%#%#(e%e(e!#%e -# !e$!#! $e"#. L# !e$!#! $e"# *ue $e o&%ee (e!#%e u)ro"e$o !e "o()#"%#"/ !e)e!e !e -# eerg# u%-#!# !ur#%e -#"o()#"%#"/, !eo(#!# eerg# !e "o()#"%#"/, %#(&4 !e)e!e !e-"o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! !ur#%e -# ($(#.

L#$ re-#"oe$ %)"#$ e%re -# !e$!#! $e"#. E- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! + -#eerg# !e "o()#"%#"/ $e o&%ee # )#r%r !e e$#+o$ !e "o()#"%#"/ ee- -#&or#%oro.

L# "#-!#! !ur#%e u )ro"e$o !e "o()#"%#"/ e "#()o $e (!e # )#r%r !eu )#r7(e%ro "oo"!o "o(o gr#!o !e "o()#"%#"/, e- "u#- )re$e%# u "er%o

)or"e%#'e. Su e#-u#"/ o-u"r# -# !e%er(#"/ )re# !e- )e$o e$)e"2"o+ !e -# 6u(e!#! o)%(# "orre$)o!e%e # -# "#)# !e (#%er#- +# "o()#"%#!o.E$%e (4%o!o e$ )#r# "oo"er e- gr#!o !e "o()#"%#"/, e$ u (4%o!o!e$%ru"%o +# *ue $e $# e !e%er(#r e- )e$o e$)e"2"o $e"o !e "#()o #)#r%r !e- (#%er#- e5%r#!o !e u# (ue$%r#, -# "u#- $e re#-# $o&re -# "#)# !e(#%er#- +# "o()#"%#!o.

O+,e)i$os

• E$%e (4%o!o !e e$#+o $e u$# )#r# !e%er(#r e- )e$o u%#ro !e$!#!;!e -o$ $ue-o$ e e- %erreo. E- e()-eo !e- #)#r#%o !e$"r%o #*u e$%7re$%rg!o # $ue-o$ *ue "o%eg# )#r%"u-#$ o (#+ore$ !e 0 (( =;!e !7(e%ro.

• A)re!er # !e%er(#r e$%e "7-"u-o e "#()o + "u#-e$ $o e%#'#$ +!e$e%#'#$ e -# #)-"#"/ #- !$e9o o "o$%ru""/.

To(#r !e"$oe$ !e #"uer!o # %)o$ !e !e 2or(#"/ *ue $e o&%eg#

e e$%o$ -#&or#%oro$ )#r# #!*urr e5)ere"# "u#!o $e e$%4 re#-#!ou# o&r# !e gr# (#g%u!

28 USMP


29/47


TEORIA

DETERMINA)ION DE LA DENSIDAD DEL S0ELO EN TERRENO METODO)ONO DE ARENA .ASTM D12-2,/

# e *ue $e 6# !e2!o -o$ "r%ero$ !e "o()#"%#"/ > e -# 2or(# !ee$)e"2"#"oe$ %4""#$ > )#r# -#$ o&r#$ e %erreo, e$ e"e$#ro u%-#r u(4%o!o )#r# !e%er(#r -# !e$!#! o )e$o u%#ro *ue e- $ue-o #-"## -uego!e -# "o()#"%#"/.


30/47


)-#"# !e $e !e&er7 "o$!er#r$e "o(o u# )#r%e !e- e(&u!o e e-)ro"e!(e%o !e e$%e (4%o!o !e e$#+o.

$ Arena:

L# #re# *ue $e u%-"e !e&er7 $er -()#, $e"#, u2or(e, o "e(e%#!#,!ur#&-e + *ue 2-u+# -&re(e%e. A!e(7$ !e&er7 %eer u "oe2"e%e !eu2or(!#! (eor *ue + o "o%eer )#r%"u-#$ *ue *ue!e re%e!#$ e e-%#( !e ((. De&e $er u2or(e + )re2er&-e(e%e !e 2or(# re!o!e#!# o$u&>re!o!e#!# )#r# 2#ore"er *ue 2-u+# -&re(e%e + !e$)ro$%# !e)#r%"u-#$ o #re# 2#;, )#r# )reer $egreg#"/ e #-(#"e#(e%o o u$o, +"#(&o$ !e )e$o u%#ro #)#re%e "o(o "o$e"ue"# !e #r#"oe$ e -#6u(e!#! #%(o$24r"#.

A- $e-e""o#r u# #re# )#r# $er u$#!#, !e&er7 6#"er$e, "o(o ((o, ""o!e%er(#"oe$ !e )e$o u%#ro #)#re%e !e "#!# &u-%o + )#r# *ue -# #re#$e# #"e)%#&-e.

( +alan'a%:

# -## !e "#)#"!#! !e ?0Yg. $e$&-!#! !e g. + o%r# !e "#)#"!#!!e 00g. $e$&-!#! !e 0.?g.

PRO)EDIMIENTO

De%er(#r e- o-u(e !e- 2r#$"o + !e- "o'u%o, "-u!o e- o-u(e !e- or2"o!e -# 7-u-# !e -# $gue%e (#er#:

•


31/47



a/ )alibración arena .9a%a malla N6 1> H ret N6 $>/1 @3cm(

K. >#r ?0.#r 11o-u(e gr## ?0; : 1$o-u(e X : 1(


32/47


!ECOMENDACIONES

• L#$ re"o(e!#"oe$ *ue $er7 !#!#$ #*u %ee e- o&'e%o !e !#r u#o)/ )#r# )o!er (e'or#r #-guo$ #$)e"%o$ $o&re e- -#&or#%orore#-#!o $o&re !e$!#! $%u !e%er(#"/ !e -# !e$!#! !e $ue-oe e- %erreo.

•


33/47


!e u )ro+e"%o, !e e$%# 2or(# $e )ue!e re#-#r u %r#'o !e (e'or 2or(#.

• E- !e$(e%ro u"-e#r e"e$%# u #-or )#%r/ e- "u#- e$ o&%e!o )or e$%e e$#+o #$ e$%e #)#r#%o re#-#r# e- 2u"o#(e%o #!e"u#!o !e

o&%eer -# !e$!#! !e u %erreo.

Informe de laboratorio n°6 : Com0a$ta$i%n atm d1667

I)ro!ucci*

Se e%e!e )or "o()#"%#"/ !e $ue-o$ #- )ro"e$o (e"7"o )or e- "u#- $e&u$"# (e'or#r #r%2"#-(e%e -#$ "#r#"%er$%"#$ !e re$$%e"#, "o()re$&-!#!+ e- "o()or%#(e%o e$2uero !e2or(#"/ !e -o$ ($(o$. E geer#- ()-"#u# re!u""/ !e -o$ #"o$ +, "o(o "o$e"ue"# !e e--o, e e- $ue-o o"urre

"#(&o$ o-u(4%r"o$ !e ()or%#"# -g#!o$ # -# )4r!!# !e #re, )or*ue )or -o"o(8 o $e )re$e%# e5)u-$/ !e #gu#. Nor(#-(e%e e- e$2uero !e"o()#"%#"/ -e ()#r%e #- $ue-o u #u(e%o !e -# re$$%e"# #- "or%e, u"re(e%o e -# !e$!#!, u# !$(u"/ !e -# "o%r#""/, u# !$(u"/!e -# )er(e#&-!#! + u# !$(u"/ !e -# "o()re$&-!#!.H#&%u#-(e%e e$%# %4""# $e #)-"# # re--eo$ #r%2"#-e$, "o(o %err#)-ee$)#r# "#(o$ o 2erro"#rr-e$, $e$ o $u&>$e$ )#r# )#(e%o$,e$%#&-#!o$, )re$#$ !e %err#, e%". S e(rgo, e o )o"#$ o"#$oe$ $e6#"e e"e$#ro "o()#"%#r e- %erreo #%ur#- # 2 !e (e'or#r $u "#)#"!#!)or%#%e. e*u)o #- %)"o e()-e#!o )#r# "o()#"%#r $ue-o$ "o6e$o$ #r"--#$>

-(o$; e$ e- ro!--o \)#%# !e "#&r#X.

33 USMP


34/47


O+,e)i$os

E- )r")#- o&'e%o !e -# "o()#"%#"/ e$ (e'or#r -#$ )ro)e!#!e$ geer-e$!e- (#%er#-, %#-e$ "o(o:

• Au(e%#r -# re$$%e"# #- "or%e +, )or "o$gue%e, (e'or#r -#e$%#&-!#! !e %err#)-ee$ + -# "#)#"!#! !e "#rg# !e "(e%#"oe$ +)#(e%o$.

• D$(ur -# "o()re$&-!#! +, )or "o$gue%e, re!u"r -o$#$e%#(e%o$.

• D$(ur -# re-#"/ !e #"o$ + re!u"r -# )er(e#&-!#!.• Re!u"r e- )o%e"#- !e e5)#$/, "o%r#""/ o e5)#$/ )or

"oge-#(e%o.

TEORIA

Proce"imiento "e )om9actación

er *ue e- (o-!e, -# e5%e$/ "o--#r + -# $e e$%4 -()#, $e"# +e$#(&-#!# #- (o-!e.

L# (ue$%r# $er# $e"#!# #- #re )#r# %#(#r-# 27"-(e%e o $e"#!# #-6oro # (eo$ !e 0 C.

S -# "#%!#! !e (ue$%r# -# e$ "orre"%#, !!r-# e %#%o$ (o%oe$"o(o "#)#$ e"e$#r#$ )#r# "o()#"%#r-#$.

L# #-%ur# !e u# "#)# e$ !e #)r/5 . "(., $ $o 3 "#)#$ $er# ?3 "(. Co-o"#r e- (o-!e $o&re u# $e $/-!# "o(o e- )$o !e "o"re%o.

E$"#r2"#r + #-$#r -ger#(e%e -# $u)er2"e !e- $ue-o "o()#"%#!o "ou# e$)7%u-# o "u"6--o )#r# e- &ue "o%#"%o e%re -#$ "#)#$.

Se()re -()#r e- (#r%--o. No !$%urr e- $ue-o "o()#"%#!o e e- (o-!e. S re$u-%# "#!#!e$ !e e5%r#er )e*ue9#$ gr#--#$, -# $u)er2"e $er#

re--e#!o "o (#%er#- 2o. L()#r -# $u)er2"e !e- (o-!e #%e$ !e )e$#r-o. L# (ue$%r# re*uer!# )#r# e- "o%e!o !e 6u(e!#! !e)e!e !e-

%#(#9o (75(o !e -o$ gr#o$.

34 USMP


35/47


Ran#o a9roJima"o "e O)K *% Ti9o "e %uelo

T"#$ %& '&$ alor 9robable . 7 /O)K

#re# > ?0Me"-# !e #re# + -(o K > ?L(o ?? > ?#r"--# ?3 > ?


L#%#. P P? P P?

,7 27 $7 >7

Agreg#r #gu#. 0 30 ?0 >>>>>

;

K K? 3K K?

35 USMP


36/47


,.o-u(e!e- (o-!e"(3;

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

.De$!#!

6u(e!#!3;

. .3 .0 .3 .?K .? .?3 3.

2.3

3?>3

3>33

3>30

?0. ??3. ??3. ?0.3

3.K;

3 3 ?. .0 .?? 3.

11.Hu(e!#!?0;[?00

$3 ,(@

COMPACTACI5N

DENSIDAD

Linear 8DENSIDAD:

DENSIDAD

-UMEDAD

1(. MDS: . gr"(3

1,. OCH:

36 USMP


37/47


MATERIAL )#$# N > 3KX > 3X

PM ASTMD

A + )MOLDE X X X

MARTILLO -&$;

?KX ?KX ?KX

PGOL

FOTOS

37 USMP


38/47


!ECOMENDACIONES

• E2e"%u#r )rue$ !e re$$%e"# #- e$2uero "or%#%e u%-#!o (ue$%r#$

$#%ur#!#$ "o -o$ "o%e!o$ /)%(o$ !e 6u(e!#! !e- $ue-o.•


39/47


• E5$%e (o!2"#"oe$ !e -#$ )ro)e!#!e$ (e"7"#$ e 6!r7u-"#$, $

e(rgo e$%o$ "#(&o$ o )er'u!"# e -# "#-!#! !e- $ue-o.• E$ e"e$#ro re#-#r !2ere%e$ %)o$ !e e$#+o$ )#r# er -# re$$%e"#

# -# "o()#"%#"/ !e- $ue-o.

Informe de laboratorio n°, : BE!MEA&ILIDAD CA!4ACONSANE

I)ro!ucci*

L# )er(e#&-!#! !e u (#%er#- e$ -# "#)#"!#! !e- ($(o !e !e'#r$e#%r#e$#r )or e- #gu# e r%u! !e u# !2ere"# !e )re$/ e%re !o$ o#$!e- ($(o. (#%er#- e$ )er(e#&-e "u#!o "o%ee #"o$ "o%uo$ *ue"o$%%u+e "##-e$ )or -o$ *ue e- #gu# )ue!e 2-ur. Co(o %#-e$ #"o$ e5$%ee %o!o$ -o$ $ue-o$, !e$!e -#$ 2or(#"oe$ gr#u-#re$ 6#$%# e -#$ #r"--#$ (7$"o()#"%#$, -o$ $ue-o$ $o )er(e#&-e$. L# "r"u-#"/ !e #gu# )or -o$ ($(o$,

o&e!e"e #)ro5(#!#(e%e # -e+e$ !4%"#$ !e -# )er(e#&-!#! e u#(ue$%r#.L# )er(e#&-!#! !e -o$ $ue-o$, %ee u e2e"%o !e"$o $o&re e- "o$%o + -#$!2"u-%#!e$ # e"o%r#r e (u"6#$ o)er#"oe$ "o$%ru"%#$, )or e'e()-o, -#e-o"!#! !e "o$o-!#"/ !e u e$%r#%o !e #r"--# &-#!# 'o e- )e$o !e u%err#)-4. L# )er(e#&-!#! )ue!e %eer ()or%#"# )r7"%"#, +# *ue e- #gu#e'er"e )re$/ $o&re e- (#%er#- )oro$o )or e- "u#- "r"u-#, + e$%# )re$/, *ue$e "oo"e "o(o )re$/ !e 2-%r#"/ o %er$%"#-, )ue!e --eg#r # $er (u+ #-%#.

39 USMP


40/47


O+,e)i$os

• E- 2-u'o o (o!2"# -#$ "#r#"%er$%"#$ !e- $ue-o.

E5$%e e- 2-u'o -#(#r e$%#&-e"!o.

E- $ue-o e$%7 $#%ur#!o.

E- $ue-o e$ (#%er#- "o%uo + 6o(og4eo.

TEORIA

PRO)EDIMIENTO

A&r# -# 7-u-# !e #!($/ !e- %#*ue !e "#rg# "o$%#%e, 6#$%# *ue -# "#rg#

!e #gu# $e# e$%#&-e. De%er(e + #o%e -# "#rg# 6, !e2!# "o(o -# !2ere"#e%re -o$ e-e$ !e -o$ )e/(e%ro$. De%er(#"/ !e -# "#rg# !e #gu# 6.De%er(e -# "#%!#! Q; !e #gu# re"o-e"%#!# e u# )ro&e%# gr#!u#!# !e0 (L, *ue 2-u+e e u %e()o !e%er(#!o %;. Me!"/ !e -# "#%!#! !e#gu# re"o-e"%#!#. Co()e%e"#$ T4""#$ !e L#&or#%or$%# e Me"7"# !eSue-o$

De%er(e -# %e()er#%ur# # -# "u#- e$%7 e- #gu# !e- e$#+o C;. Re)%# e-)ro"e$o #r#!o -# #-%ur# !e "#rg# e "re(e%o$ !e ((. A- "o"-ur e-e$#+o !e )er(e#&-!#!, !ree + e5#(e -# (ue$%r# )#r# e$%#&-e"er $Me!"/ !e -# "#%!#! !e #gu# re"o-e"%#!#. Er# e$e"#-(e%e 6o(og4e#.

E5#(#"/ !e -# (ue$%r# #- 2#-#r e- e$#+o. Co()e%e"#$ T4""#$ !eL#&or#%or$%# e Me"7"# !e Sue-o$

)L)0LOS:

C#-"u-e e- "oe2"e%e !e )er(e#&-!#! ], #$: Q[L ] Do!e: A[% [ 6Y@Coe2"e%e !e )er(e#&-!#!, "($. Q@C#%!#! !e #gu# !e$"#rg#, "(3L@D$%#"# e%re )e/(e%ro$, "(. A@^re# !e -# $e""/ %r#$er$#- !e -#(ue$%r#, "(. T@Te()o %o%#- !e !e$#g_e, $. H@D2ere"# !e "#rg# #-%ur#;$o&re -o$ )e/(e%ro$, "(. Co()e%e"#$ T4""#$ !e L#&or#%or$%# eMe"7"# !e Sue-o$.

40 USMP


41/47


Le& "e Darc&

E$ ()o$&-e ##-#r e- 2-u'o e u )oro !!u#-(e%e, $ e(rgo e -o$)ro&-e(#$ !e 2-%r#"/ !e #gu# # %r#4$ !e u $ue-o o$ %ere$# e- (#"ro 2-u'o

e %o!o$ -o$ )oro$ !e u e-e(e%o !e $ue-o -o $u2"e%e(e%e gr#!e )#r# $erre)re$e%#%o.La% i9óte%i% "e la le& "e Darc& %on la% %i#uiente%:

` E- #7-$$ !2ere"#- e$ #)-"#&-e #- 2-u'o (#"ro$"/)"o !e u 2-u!o #%r#4$ !e u (e!o "o )oro$ !e %#(#9o 2%o ` L# 2or(# !e -o$ e5)er(e%o$ !e D#r"+ $e (ue$%r# e -# $gue%e 2gur#:

Se e u# "o-u(# !e #re# !e #-%ur# D + $e""/ %r#$er$#- A "oe"%#!#

$u)eror(e%e e 2eror(e%e # re")e%e$ !e #gu# )#r# "re#r u 2-u'o!e$"e!e%e # %r#4$ !e -# #re#.


DAOS- S#%ur#r e- $ue-o

• Re&o"e @ 0"(• E%r#!# @ K?.3"(• D7(e%ro

&o%e--# (ue$%r#;@ ??."(•


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Y0 @ .L.R%

6.A.%

o- @ ?"(3, "(3

L @ ?."(, ?."(

R% @ ?.0 $"o$!#! !e- #gu#;

H @ K?.3 0 @ ?.3 "(

A @ ?0.0"(

? @ ?0 "(3

T@ 0$eg @ ?03"(3

Y0>? @ ?[?.[? @ 0.03"($eg ?.3[?0.0[0

Y0> @ [?.[? @ 0.03?"($eg ?.3[?0.0[0

C#rg# "o$%#%e ?0> "($eg

C#rg# #r#&-e ?0>

"($eg

Permeabili"a" car#a *ariable

aH @ "(

b @ K.K"(

c %u&o !e e%r#!#; @ 0.K"(

Y0 @ .3035 c 5 L5 -og 6 5 R% A % 62

L@ ?."(

H @K?.3"(

H2 @ "(

42 USMP


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Y0 @ .3035 0.K 5 ?.5 -og K?.3 5 ?@ 0.0?K "($eg ?0.0 0

A @ gr G$ @ .

d? @ ?0 @ ?.gr"(3

d @ ?03 @ ?.gr"(3

Fo)os

!ECOMENDACIONES

• Lo$ e$#+o$ !e "o$o-!#"/ "o "#rg# #r#&-e $e #!#)%#"orre"%#(e%e # u $ue-o "o -#$ "#r#"%er$%"#$ !e -# #r"--#.

• E$ &ueo u%-#r e$%e e$#+o )or*ue )re$e%# (eo$ -(%#"oe$ +$o -o$ *ue o2re"e (e'ore$ re$u-%#!o$.

• E- e$#+o !e )er(e#&-!#! $u)oe u# e%#'# # -# 6or# !e "#-"u-#r -#)er(e#&-!#! !e u# #r"--# e5)#$# !e '# )er(e#&-!#!.

Con$luione

• E- e$#+o e!o(4%r"o !e "#rg# "o%u# CRL $u)oe u# e%#'# # -#6or# !e "#-"u-#r -# )er(e#&-!#! !e u# #r"--# e5)#$#, "o(o e$ -#&e%o%# FEBE, )or*ue re!u"e e- %e()o !e e$#+o o%#&-e(e%e.

43 USMP


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•


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TEORIA

E- "oe2"e%e !e )er(e#&-!#! e$ u# "#r#"%er$%"# !e -o$ $ue-o$,e$)e"2"#(e%e e$%7 -g#!o # -# Le& "e Darc& *ue $e re2ere #- 2-u'o !e 2-u!o$

# %r#4$ !e -o$ $ue-o$. E- "oe2"e%e !e )er(e#&-!#!, geer#-(e%ere)re$e%#!o )or -# -e%r# k , e$ e5%re(#!#(e%e #r#&-e, $eg8 e- %)o !e$ue-o.

C-#$2"#"/ !e -o$ $ue-o$ $eg8 $u "oe2"e%e !e )er(e#&-!#!

4ra"o "e 9ermeabili"a" alor "e "($;

E-e#!# Su)eror # ?0 >?

Me!# ?0 >? # ?0 >3

B#'# ?0 >3 # ?0 >

Mu+ '# ?0 > # ?0 >

E0IPO

Tu&o$ )eo(4%r"o$, T#*ue !e "#rg# "o$%#%e, -#(#r !e #gu#


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• Dur#%e )or -o (eo$ 0 (u%o$ BC;, ue-# # --e#r e- 6o+o 6#$%# e-&or!e "#!# ""o (u%o$ )#r# #$egur#r$e !e *ue e- $ue-o e$%7"o()-e%#(e%e $#%ur#!o1

•

A9#!# #gu# $%# e- &or!e !e- 6o+o + e()e"e # (e!r -# e-o"!#! #*ue '# -# $u)er2"e !e- #gu#, u%-#!o u re-o' )#r# (e!r e- %e()o +u# reg-# gr#!u#!# e "e%(e%ro$ )#r# (e!r -# !$%#"#


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!ECOMENDACIONES

• De%er(#r #!e"u#!#(e%e e- %)o !e %erreo # "o$%rur, )#r# -uego o

%eer "o()-"#"oe$ e -# "o$%ru""/.• C#-"u-#r -# re$$%e"# !e -#$ e$%ru"%ur#$ "o re2ere"# #- %)o !e $ue-o.• No "o$%rur e o#$ "o )re$e"# !e #r"--#$ -# "u#- e$ u 2#"%or !e

"-#"/ !e -#$ e$%ru"%ur#$, $e re"o(e!# 6#"er re--eo$ e -o$e$)#"o$ !o!e #)#re"e -#$ #r"--#$.

Con$luione

• E5"#e u ueo 6o+o !e 30 "( !e !7(e%ro !e$!e -# "#)# $u)eror (eo$ )er(e#&-e A; 6#$%# -# )r/5(# "#)# (eo$ )er(e#&-e B;1

• Re)%# e- e$#+o !e )er(e#&-!#! 6#$%# o&%eer u #-or !e 2-%r#"/"#$ "o$%#%e

•

S e$# %#$# !e )er(e#&-!#! o $o&re)#$# -o$ 3 ( (6, )ue!e"o$!er#r e$%e 6oro%e !e $ue-o #)%o )#r# e- 2o!o !e- e$%#*ue. Noo&$%#%e, re"uer!e *ue u# )er(e#&-!#! %# -e%# !e&e e"o%r#r$ee u# "#)# !e o (eo$ !e 0, # ? ( !e e$)e$or )#r# #$egur#r *ue-# 2-%r#"/ # %r#4$ !e- 2o!o $e# -(%#!#.

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