Implementació de la teoria Intel.ligències Múltiples com a mesura d'atenció a la diversitat en...

7/23/2019 Implementació de la teoria Intel.ligències Múltiples com a mesura d'atenció a la diversitat en les classes de ciències

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"Dkpeckc`tbjdú hc eb tcirdb D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs jik bkcsurb h'btc`jdú b eb hdvcrsdtbt c` ecs jebsscs hc jdî`jdcs"

Butir? Hbkdæ \bvc`tús Zdkú`

Kæstcr hc irkbjdú hce !ricssirbt h'#hujbjdúZcju`hærdb$ cspcjdbedtbt c` %dî`jdcs.

&`dvcrsdtbt !ikpcu brb

Kc`tir hc jc`trc? (bvdcr Ku)i*+utirb hc eb u`dvcrsdtbt? Z,evdb -ipc

2. Vrcsc`tbjdú gc`crbe hce trclbee

Hd`trc hc eb jikpecdtbt hce kú` chujbtdu bjtube$ /s pbe.ecsb eb dkpirtæ`jdb hchcsc`vieupbr d`strukc`ts d cd`cs 6uc pirtd` jbp b u` kbrj h'chujbjdú k/spcrsi`bedt*bhb d d`tcgrbhirb. #e prieckb 6uc prct/` bbstbr b6ucst trcbee /s

eb dkpeckc`tbjdú h'u` kîtihc 6uc pcrkctd ji`îdcr eb hdvcrsdtbt d btc`hrc2eb titb<uhb t̀ be hcsc`vieupbkc`t pcrsi`be hc e'beuk`c$ be:irb 6uc pcrkctc`t2edbh6udrdr cpcrdî`jdcs h'cjce.eî`jdb hd`trc hc e'ækdt csjiebr.&`b bpridkbjdú b e'btc`jdú pcrsi`bedt*bhb pcr pbrt hce hijc`t cs pit rcbedt*brhcs hc hucs vcssb`ts pissdecs? bhbptb`t ce kihce hdhæjtdj b e'cstdeh'bprc`c`tbtgc 6uc e'beuk`c t/ jik b prccrc`t i / bhc6ub`t ecs bjtdvdtbts bb6ucees pitc`jdbes jig`dtdus i d`tce.edgî`jdcs 6uc cs tc`c` k/s hcsc`vieupbhcs.#` b6ucst hbrrcr sc`tdt$ eb tcirdb hc ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs 8DK3 sckeb u`kbrj dhi`d pcr bpridkbr2sc b jbsis hc kb`jb h'd`tcrîs jbp b ecs kbtîrdcs$6uc pirtc` d`cvdtbeckc`t b u` butiji`jcptc `cgbtdu hc e'beuk`c sirc s,kbtcd 8súj ti`ti$ /s b hdr$ ì súj d`tce.edgc`t$ súj u` rbjæs3 d$ pcr tb`t$ b u`b

buticjeusdú b `dvcee hc grup2jebssc 6uc hcspr/s pit hur b u`b cjeusdú sijdbek/s ækpedb d drrcvcrsdec. Bd, hi`js$ eb tcirdb DK hc 1brh`cr rcusbrdb hc irkb tbbtdvb ce hcìkd`bhirjikÿ 6uc cstbrdb b e'brrce hces jbsis hc rbjæs csjiebr? eb dhcb h'u`bd`tce.edgî`jdb gc`crbe ÿ d̀jb. #s pripisb$ pcr tb`t$ 6uc ecs pcrsi`cs 8cesbeuk`cs$ ct 6uc sivd̀ t s'iedhb3 pihc` rcbedt*br bjtdvdtbts d`tce.ecjtubesjikpeccs græjdcs b e'cdstî`jdb hc bscs betbkc`t cebirbhcs d irgb`dt*bhcshc ji`cdckc`ts$ k/s 6uc ì pbs hcgut b u`b bptdtuh gc`crbe jbp b ebrcsieujdú hc prieckcs bstrbjtcs. +c`d`t c` jikptc 6uc b6ucst hbrrcr pu`t /sce 6uc æsdjbkc`t cs vbeirb b `dvcee h'chujbjdú scju`hærdb d 6uc eb kb<irdb hcecs bjtdvdtbts cs bsc` c` e'bstrbjjdú k/s 6uc ì pbs c` bspcjtcs rcbes hc ebvdhb 6uitdhdb`b$ ìk/s b6uceecs pcrsi`cs 6uc sú` jbpbjcs hc hcsc`vieupbr2sc c` b6ucst kú` h'bstrbjjdú`s sú` ecs 6uc tc`c` îdt b e'csjieb.#e ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb scgi`s 1brh`cr pbssb b scr hi`js "eb jbpbjdtbt hcrcsiehrc prieckcs d7i jrcbr prihujtcs :bdtubes 6uc sú` hc grb` vbeir pcr b u`hctcrkd`bt ji`tct jiku`dtbrd i jueturbe" d hcdb hc scr u` ji`jcptc rcebjdi`btbk eb jbpbjdtbt e>gdji2ed`g4,stdjb. !cr tb`t$ c` e'bkdt chujbtdu bd> jikpirtbu`b ìvb bjtdtuh jbp be prij/s h'c`sc`bkc`t2bprc`c`tbtgc i` cs td`gud` c`jikptc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs hc e'beuk`c$ <b sdgud pcr rcir=br2ecs$ <b sdgud pcrhcsc`vieupbr2ecs k/s c`jbrb$ tit pcrsi`bedt*b`t ecs bjtdvdtbts d c`t2ecsrceecvb`ts pcr rcsiehrc prieckcs hc eb vdhb rcbe hces beuk`cs.

#e pu`t hc pbrtdhb h'b6ucstb rcjcrjb /s hi`js ce peb`tc<bkc`t h'u` prieckb d$c` b6ucst jbs$ ecs prcgu`tcs 6uc gudbrdc` ecs e,`dcs h'bjjdú scrdc` ecs scg4c`ts?

2 5ud`b :b hc scr e'bjtdtuh hce pricssirbt hbvb`t hc jbsis hc hcskitdvbjdú dhcsd`tcrîs c` beuk`cs;2 \ccrc`t b b6ucst pu`t$ jik btc`hrc eb hdvcrsdtbt b e'bueb hcs h'u`bpcrspcjtdvb d`jeusdvb;2 5ud` tdpus h'cstrbtîgdcs hdhæjtd6ucs cs pihc` ckprbr pcr kdeeirbr ce prij/sh'bprc`c`tbtgc cvdtb`t e'cjeusdú hce grup2jebssc;2 Z':b h'bhbptbr ce jurr,jueuk c` b6ucsts jbsis; %ik cs brdb; 5ud`s scrdc`ces jrdtcrds h'bvbeubjdú pcr pbrt hce pricssirbt;

2

-b :dp>tcsd d d̀jdbe peb t̀c<bhb scrdb e'd d̀jd h'b6ucst trcbee hc rcjcrjb dbpriu`hdkc`t c` ce prij/s hijc`t jik b d`strukc`t hc kdeeirb h'd`tcrvc`jdú c`e'bueb. B6ucstb :dp>tcsd scrdb hi`js?

"!itscr b trbv/s hc e'btc`jdú pcrsi`bedt*bhb /s pissdec u`b kdeeirb hc e'd`tcrîs deb kitdvbjdú hces beuk`cs pcr e'bssdg`bturb hc jdî`jdcs".

#e ji`tct h'b6ucstb rcjcrjb /s e'bueb hc jdî`jdcs hc 0cr h'#Z9 c` e'#sjieb !dbZb`t B`ti`d hc Fbrjcei`b. #s trbjtb h'u`b csjieb ji`jcrtbhb bk trcs e,`dcshcs h'chujbjdú d`b`tde d`s b btdeecrbt$ sdtubhb be e,kdt c`trc ce brrd hce \bvbe de'#dbkpec. B6ucstb udjbjdú ed hú`b u` jbræjtcr kuetdjueturbe d ed ji`crcd u`bhdvcrsdtbt h'beuk`cs ir=b ækpedb <b 6uc$ pcr cckpec$ c` eb jebssc hc jdî`jdcsi` cs hcsc`vieupb ce præjtdjuk hce kæstcr :d ji`vduc` beuk`cs dedpd̀ s$pb6udstb`csis$ suhbkcrdjb`s jik b `bjdi`bedtbts rceecvb`ts b b`hb hce'cspb`ieb. Zú` beuk`cs hc jebssc kdt<b`b d kdt<b`b2bdb bk begu`s

prieckcs hc jikpirtbkc`t 6uc$ jik b grup$ <b brrisscguc` hcs hc jursisb`tcrdirs. %ik b trct dkpirtb`t b hcstbjbr$ jbe hdr 6uc sú` beuk`cs 6uc cstb`bjistukbts$ græjdcs be trcbee hce kc`tir hce præjtdjuk$ b trcbeebr bkbjtdvdtbts ji`tctubedt*bhcs d hc kb`crb jiipcrbtdvb. B6ucst ct /s kietrceecvb`t <b 6uc b bjtdec d pissddedtb$ be kc`s b prdird$ eb dkpeckc`tbjdúh'b6ucstb d`tcrvc`jdú hdhæjtdjb.

#es i<cjtdus cspcj,djs 6uc k':c pripisbt pcr b6ucst trcbee sú`?

2 %i`îdcr eb hdvcrsdtbt hc e'beuk`bt hc 0cr h'#Z9 hd`trc hce kbrj hc ecsD`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs.2 cr2`c u`b b`æedsd pcr eb irkbjdú hc grups :ikigc`ds d :ctcrigc`ds.2 #ebirbr bjtdvdtbts 6uc s'bhcjud` b b6ucstb hdvcrsdtbt pcr kdeeirbr eb kitdvbjdúhces beuk`cs c`vcrs ecs jebsscs hc jdî`jdcs.2 B`bedt*br ecs dkpedjbjdi`s hc eb tcirdb hc ecs DK c` ces beuk`cs d bvbeubr2`ce'd`tcrîs.

#es prip>sdts gc`crbes$ b pbrtdr hc eb :dp>tcsd d`djdbe$ scrdc` ces scg4c`ts?

2 Hckistrbr 6uc eb tcirdb hc ecs DK /s u` d`strukc`t væedh pcr btc`hrc ebhdvcrsdtbt h'd`tcrcssis c` e'bueb d kdeeirbr2`c eb kitdvbjdú.

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<. Kbrj tcürdj d ecgbe c` rcebjdú bkl eb tckætdjb.

#e kbrj tc>rdj pcr be hcsc`vieupbkc`t h'b6ucstb rcjcrjb cs bsb c` e'irb hc1brh`cr bìkc`bhb "-'cstrujturb hc eb Kc`t" 80LJ3$ i` cs hú`b u` ìu

cìjbkc`t hce ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb tit brgukc`tb`t 6uc$ utdedt*b`t kcsurcspsdjikîtrd6ucs$ ì cs pihdb c`tc`hrc / eb `bturbecsb hc ecs jbpbjdtbts:ukb`cs pcr rcsiehrc prieckcs. Bd, hi`js$ c` eb scvb tcirdb hc ecs DKs'bssukcd u`b pcrspcjtdvb ækpedb d prbgkætdjb hce ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb$k/s cèeæ hce rc`hdkc`t b e':irb hc rcbedt*br u` tcst hc jicdjdc`t d`tce.ecjtube.-b scvb tcirdb rcìvbræ hi`js ce ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb c` ces scg4c`tsbspcjtcs?0. B hdcrî`jdb hc eb psdjieigdb trbhdjdi`be$ cs trbjtb h'u`b d`tce.edgî`jdbpeurbedstb <b 6uc 1brh`cr pbreb$ c` prd`jdpd$ hc sct d`tce.edgî`jdcs$ 6uc hcspr/ss'bkpedbrb` b vudt.. Ci cs trbjtb tbkpij h'u` ji`jcptc dc i d``bt$ sd`ú jb`vdb`t d 6uc cs vb

hcsc`vieupb`t be eebrg hc eb vdhb hc e'd`hdvdhu c` u`jdú hc ecs cpcrdî`jdcs d ebd`tcrbjjdú bk ce kchd bkdc`t.J. +bk/ cs ji`sdhcrb 6uc eb d`tce.edgî`jdb /s 6ucejik chujbec.A. -cs d`tce.edgî`jdcs pihc` scr ji`sdhcrbhcs jik b pripc`sdi`s i pitc`jdbes6uc pihc` kb d̀cstbr2sc i ì$ c` bjtdvdtbts sdg`ddjbtdvcs$ hcpc`c`t hceshdcrc`ts bjtirs jueturbes i bkdc`tbes. !cr tb`t$ tits ces d`hdvdhus tc`c` tit cerb`g h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs pcr> hdcrcdc` c` eb irkb 6uc kb`dcstc` ecs hdcrc`tsjikpctî`jdcs. Bd, hi`js$ eb pripistb hc 1brh`cr ji`sdstcd c` cstbedr hdcrc`ts tdpush'd`tce.edgî`jdcs$ scgi`s sú` rcji`cguhcs pcr eb sijdctbt d ecs hdcrc`ts jueturcs.#e ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb scrdb hi`js e':bdedtbt `cjcssærdb pcr b rcsiehrcprieckcs i cebirbr prihujtcs 6uc sú` dkpirtb`ts d rcji`cguts c` u` ji`tctjueturbe i c` u`b jiku`dtbt hctcrkd`bhb. -b jbpbjdtbt pcr b rcsiehrc u`prieckb pcrkct birhbr u`b sdtubjdú c` eb 6ube cs pcrscgucd u` i<cjtdu bd,jik hctcrkd`br ce jbk, bhc6ubt 6uc pirtb b bssiedr b6ucst i<cjtdu. -b jrcbjdúh'u` prihujtc jueturbe /s jrujdbe pcr e'bh6udsdjdú d eb trb`skdssdú hce ji`cdckc`ti pcr e'cprcssdú hc ecs ipd`di`s d hces sc`tdkc`ts.-b hcd`djdú hc jbhbsju`b hc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs pihrdb cr pc`sbr 6uc s'cstæpbreb`t h'bptdtuhs d ì hc hdcrc`ts d`tce.edgî`jdcs. Ci istb`t$ hdu 1brh`cr 6ucsú` rcbekc`t d`tce.edgî`jdcs d pcr b jikprivbr2`c e'cdstî`jdb ecs vb sitkctrc bu`cs privcs ces jrdtcrds hc vbedhbjdú hc ecs 6ubes sú`?

0. #dstî`jdb hc pitc`jdbe jcrcrbe c` pcrsi`cs bk hb`s jcrcrbes. 1brh`crhcc`sb e'cdstî`jdb hc kÿetdpecs sdstckcs d`hcpc`hc`ts d rcebtdvbkc t̀butúìks.. #dstî`jdb hc "sbvds dhditcs"$ prihdgds d betrcs d`hdvdhus cjcpjdi`bes 6uckb`dcstc` pcrdes hdcrc`jdbes d cspcj,djs h'begu` tdpus h'd`tce.edgî`jdb.J. %bhb bjtdvdtbt bsbhb c` u`b d`tce.edgî`jdb t/ eb scvb pr>pdb trb<cjt>rdbcvieutdvb$ jisb 6uc vie hdr 6uc jbhb bjtdvdtbt t/ ce scu pripd tckps pcr bhcsc`vieupbr2sc c` eb d`æ`jdb prdkcrc`jb$ eb scvb pr>pdb irkb h'bssiedr ce`dvcee k/s cecvbt hurb`t eb vdhb d eb scvb pr>pdb kb`crb hc hcjed`br. !crcckpec$ hd`trc hc eb d`tce.edgî`jdb kusdjbe pihr,ck pbrebr hc Ki*brt.A. %bhbsju`b hc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs jikpecd eb ji`hdjdú hc tc`dr ecs scvcs

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brrces c` e'cvieujdú hces /sscrs :ukb`s d$ d`s d tit bb`s$ c` e'cvieujdú h'betrcscspîjdcs.G. -cs kchdjdi`s 6uc s':b` rcbedt*bt bk ces tcsts psdjikîtrdjs cvdhc`jdc` ebkchdjdú hc hdcrc`ts jbpbjdtbts :ukb`cs.N. 1brh`cr sist/ 6uc b`bedt*b`t ces cstuhds psdjie>gdjs cspcj,djs pihck vcurc

jik ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs u`jdi`c` beebhcs ecs u`cs hc ecs betrcs.O. -cs d`tce.edgî`jdcs rc6ucrcdc`$ jik 6ubescvie prigrbkb h'irhd`bhir$ u`ji`<u`t h'ipcrbjdi`s pcr b u`jdi`br.L. &` hces kdeeirs d`hdjbhirs hc eb ji`hujtb d`tce.edgc`t /s$ scgi`s 1brh`cr$ ebjbpbjdtbt hces /sscr :ukb`s pcr b utdedt*br s,kies. %bhb d`tce.edgî`jdb t/ ce scupripd sdstckb sdk>edj i h'bìtbjdú.

B k/s hc eb jebssddjbjdú d hces jrdtcrds utdedt*bts pcr b hcsjrdurc jbhbsju`b hcecs hdcrc`ts d`tce.edgî`jdcs$ /s d`tcrcssb`t tc`dr c` jikptc ces scg4c t̀sprd`jdpds?0. %bhb pcrsi`b pissccd ecs vudt d`tce.edgî`jdcs. -b tcirdb hc ecs DK ì /s u`b

tcirdb hc tdpus$ hdssc`bhb pcr hctcrkd`br 6ud`b /s eb d`tce.edgî`jdb 6uc cs hú`bc` jbhb pcrsi`b. Ms$ pcr tb`t$ u`b tcirdb hce u`jdi`bkc`t jig`dtdu.. -b kb<irdb hc ecs pcrsi`cs pihc` hcsc`vieupbr jbhb d`tce.edgî`jdb d`s b u``dvcee bhc6ubt hc jikpctî`jdb.J. -cs d`tce.edgî`jdcs c` gc`crbe trcbeec` <u`tcs hc kb`crcs jikpeccs d$ pcrtb`t$ d`tcrbjtuc` c`trc s,.A. Ed :b kietcs kb`crcs hc scr d`tce.edgc`ts hd`s hc jbhb jbtcgirdb. !crcckpec$ u`b pcrsi`b pit ì scr jbpb= hc eecgdr d$ ì istb`t$ tc`dr u`b betbjbpbjdtbt ed`g4,stdjb$ rdcs kiet jrcbtdvcs i tc`dr u` bkpedvijbuebrd.

1brh`cr$ jik <b s':b cskc`tbt bb`s$ vb k/s cèeæ hc eb ji`jcpjdú kiìe,tdjbhc eb d`tce.edgî`jdb d cpisb 6uc eb jikpctî`jdb jig`dtdvb 6uchb hcsjrdtb kdeeirc` tcrkcs h'u` ji`<u`t h':bdedtbts$ tbec`ts i jbpbjdtbts kc`tbes$ 6uc hcìkd`b"d`tce.edgî`jdcs" d 6uc$ eeu` hc scr u`b bjuetbt u`dtærdb hc eb kc`t$ ji`sdstcd cù` ji`<u`t h':bdedtbts kc`tbes 6uc ì ìk/s cs kb`dcstc` d`hcpc`hc`tkc`t$sd`ú 6uc pitscr cstb` eijbedt*bhcs c` hdcrc`ts rcgdi`s hce jcrvcee. #` ce scueedrc "#strujturb hc eb Kc`t" irkueb eb scg4c`t :dp>tcsd? cdstcdc`$ be kc`s$sct jbtcgirdcs ækpedcs h'd̀ tce.edgî`jdb. +rcs pihc` scr jbtbeigbhcs jik bji`vc`jdi`bes? vcrbe$ kbtckætdjb d cspbjdbe. !cr> ecs betrcs 6ubtrc$ 6uc súè':bdedtbt kusdjbe$ bptdtuhs jirpirbes$ jikpctî`jdb c` ce trbjtc bk ces betrcs d

butiji`cdckc`t$ :b` susjdtbt ji t̀rivîrsdcs pcr6uî surtc` hce ji`jcptctrbhdjdi`be h'd`tce.edgî`jdb. K/s tbrh$ bk eb `bturbedstb$ s':b` bkpedbt b vudt ecsd`tce.edgî`jdcs 6uc jiìrkc` eb tcirdb d 6uc cs pihc` hcsjrdurc hc eb scg4c`tkb`crb?

2. D`tce.edgî`jdb ed`gõëstdjb%bpbjdtbt pcr utdedt*br bk jebrctbt ecs :bdedtbts rcebjdi`bhcs bk ce eec`gubtgcirbe d csjrdt. D`jeiu bspcjtc rccrdts b e'cstrujturb hce eec`gubtgc d hces si`s$ cessdg`ddjbts d ecs bpedjbjdi`s præjtd6ucs h'b6ucst. #es csjrdptirs$ ces pictcs$ cespcrdihdstcs$ pie,tdjs d irbhirs$ sú` begu`cs pcrsi`cs 6uc kistrc` hdcrc`tsgrbus h'd`tce.edgî`jdb ed`g4,stdjb. Begu`cs pcrsi`cs 6uc :b` hckistrbt tc`dr u`

8

grb` tbec`t c` b6ucst bspcjtc sú`? %crvb`tcs$ 9rtcgb 1bssct d Z:bcspcbrc.

<. D`tce.edgî`jdb eügdji-kbtckætdjb. B6ucstb d`tce.edgî`jdb b pissdec jæejues$ 6ub`tddjbr$ ji`sdhcrbr pripisdjdi`s$cstbedr d jikprivbr :dp>tcsds d hur b tcrkc ipcrbjdi`s kbtckætd6ucs

jikpeccs. %dc`t,djs$ kbtckætdjs$ c`gd̀ crs d dìrkætdjs sú` begu`cspcrsi`cs 6uc hckistrc` ji`triebr / ces kcjb`dskcs dkpe,jdts c` b6ucstbd`tce.edgî`jdb. Br6u,kchcs$ !bsjbe$ 1bedeci21bedecd d #d̀ stcd` sú` begu`scckpecs hc pcrsi`cs 6uc :b` hcstbjbt pcr ecs scvcs ji`trdujdi`sc`gdìscs be prigr/s c` ce jbkp hc eb kbtckætdjb.

:. D`tce.edgî`jdb vdsube-cspbjdbe.#s kb`dcstb c` eb jbpbjdtbt hc pcrjcrc dkbtgcs d`tcr`cs d ctcr`cs$trb`sirkbr2ecs$ kihddjbr2ecs d hcsdrbr eb dìrkbjdú grædjb. Kbrd`crs$ pdeits$csjuetirs$ pd`tirs$ br6udtcjtcs i c`gd`crs sú` pricssdi`s 6uc cdgcdc`b6ucst tdpus hc jbpbjdtbt. #ckpecs hc pcrsi`cs 6uc :b` hcstbjbt hcs hc

pctdts pcr eb scvb d`tce.edgî`jdb vdsube2cspbjdbe :b` cstbt !djbssi$ Hbe, d-ci`brhi hb @d`jd.

8. D`tce.edgî`jdb jirpirbe-jd`cstîsdjb#`tcsb jik eb jbpbjdtbt pcr b rcsiehrc prieckcs$ cebirbr prihujtcs$cprcssbr d gc`crbr dhccs ckprb`t ce jis c` eb scvb titbedtbt i pbrjdbekc`t.D`jeiu ecs :bdedtbts ,sd6ucs cspcj,d6ucs jik eb jiirhd`bjdú$ e'c6udedrd$ eb ir=b$eb ecddedtbt d eb vceijdtbt. #s b cvdhc`t c` btectcs$ beebrd`s$ jdru<b`s d brtcsb`s.Hcs hc pctdtb$ Cbhdb %ikb`cj:d vb hcstbjbr pce scu ctrbirhd`brd tbec`t pcrcprcssbr dhccs b trbv/s hce kivdkc`t$ kiurc ce scu jis d hikd`br e'brt hc ebr,tkdjb.

3. D`tce.edgî`jdb kusdjbe.Ms eb jbpbjdtbt hc pcrjcrc$ hdsjrdkd`br$ trb`sirkbr d cprcssbr irkcskusdjbes. #s rccrcd b e':bdedtbt pcr ckprbr ces ceckc`ts rcebjdi`bts bk ebkÿsdjb$ jik sú`? ce rdtkc$ ce tdkrc d ce ti. Z'd`jediu b6u, eb sc`sddedtbt be rdtkcpcr csjietbr u`b kceihdb d pcr hdstd`gdr ce tdkrc i ti. Zú` ces jikpisdtirs$kÿsdjs$ bdjdi`bts d jr,tdjs kusdjbes 6ud kistrc` b6ucst tdpus h'd`tce.edgî`jdb.Ki*brt$ Kbrdb %beebs i @dvbehd sú` begu`cs hc ecs pcrsi`cs 6uc :b` hcstbjbtpce scu tbec`t kusdjbe.

1. D`tce.edgî`jdb d`trbpcrsi`be.Hcd`dhb jik eb jbpbjdtbt hc irkbr2sc u` kihce ce k/s vcrb= pissdec h'u`kbtcd$ d scr jbpb= h'utdedt*br2ei pcr u`jdi`br cdjb=kc`t c` ce ji`tct sijdbe dd`hdvdhube. B6ucst d`tce.edgî`jdb$ pdcs irjcs d edkdtbjdi`s$ ji`îdcr2sc ces pripds :ukirs d kitdvbjdi`s$jikprc`hrc ce tckpcrbkc`t d hcsdt<is pripds$ tc`dr butihdsjdped`b d buticstdkb.#es psdj>ecgs$ de>sis d begu`s e,hcrs sijdbes kistrc` u`b i`b d`tce.edgî`jdbd`trbpcrsi`be. #ckpecs hc pcrsi`btgcs hcstbjbts c` b6ucst pu`t sú` Ccesi`Kb`hceb d Kbrtd` -utcr Id`g.

3

7. D`tce.edgî`jdb d`tcrpcrsi`be.Ms eb jbpbjdtbt h'c`tc`hrc d d`tcrbjtub cdjb=kc`t bk ces betrcs$ c`tc`hrc ceshcsdt<is$ d`tc`jdi`s$ cstbts h'æ d̀k d kitdvbjdi`s hces hck/s. B6ucstbd`tce.edgî`jdb d`jeiu eb sc`sddedtbt b ecs cprcssdi`s bjdbes$ eb vcu d ces gcstis$

bd, jik eb jbpbjdtbt hc rcspi`hrc bk cdjæjdb b b6ucsts sc`bes d tc`drd`euî`jdb sirc eb gc`t. Zú` ces bsscssirs$ vc`chirs$ pricssirs d e,hcrs sijdbes6ud kb`dcstc` c` kb<ir grbu b6ucstb d`tce.edgî`jdb. -b kbrc +crcsb hc %bejutb`'/s u` i` cckpec pcr e'c6udedrd pcrsi`be d ce "cced`g" 6uc hcspcrtbvb c`trceb gc`t.

. D`tce.edgî`jdb `bturbedstb#s rccrcd b eb jbpbjdtbt pcr jikprc`hrc ce kú` `bturbe d trcbeebr2:dcdjb=kc`t. Zupisb utdedt*br bk jcrt kcstrbtgc :bdedtbts rccrdhcs be'iscrvbjdú$ peb`tc<bkc`t d jikprivbjdú h':dp>tcsds. -cs pcrsi`cs 6uc kistrc`u`b grb` d`tce.edgî`jdb `bturbedstb gc`crbekc`t tc`c` u` grb` d`tcrîs pce kú` d

pces c`>kc`s `bturbes. Zú` ces d>ecgs$ <brhd`crs$ cjieigdstcs$ ,sdjs$ 6u,kdjs dbr6uc>ecegs. Kbrdc %urdc$ \bki` d %b<be$ Icue/ i eckd̀ g sú` cckpecs 6uc:b` kb`dcstbt u` ctrbirhd`brd tbec`t pcr eb d`vcstdgbjdú rccrdhb be jbkp hc eb`bturb.

-'bkpedbjdú hce ji`jcptc h'd`tce.edgî`jdb tbe jik pripisb ce kbrj hc ecs DKpcrkct$ hi`js$ eb ji`strujjdú hce ji`cdckc`t pcr pbrt hces beuk`cs. #s trbjtbh'u` bprc`c`tbtgc ji`strujtdu i` e'beuk`c bprî` sirc ces scus d`tcrcssis d cesscus pu`ts irts d cecs. !cr betrb b`hb$ ecs DK bkpedb ce kbrj hc trcbee hce'csjieb trbhdjdi`be <b 6uc$ b k/s hc eb d`tce.edgî`jdb kbtckætdjb d ed`g4,stdjb$ cstrcbeec` betrcs tdpus h':bdedtbts d bprc`c`tbtgcs jik sú` ce kusdjbe$ ce sijdbe$ cejd`îtdjijirpirbe$ ctj. d`bekc`t$ ce trcbee pcr DK /s u` trcbee pcr pri<cjtcs d$pcr tb`t$ ikc`tb ce trcbee jiipcrbtdu i` eb rcspi`sbdedtbt rcjbu c` ce grup djbhb beuk`c b u`b bpirtbjdú d`hdvdhube 6uc ed pcrkct hckistrbr ecs scvcs:bdedtbts d rcspcjtbr d vbeirbr ecs hces jikpb`s.

1

:. Kctihieigdb

-b pripistb h'd`vcstdgbjdú /s hcsjrdurc ces tdpus h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs hd`trc h'u` gruphc 0cr h'#Z9 hc e'#sjieb !db Zb`t B`ti`d$ pripisbr bjtdvdtbts pcrsi`bedt*bhcsc` u`jdú h'b6ucstcs d jikpbrbr ce u`jdi`bkc`t h'b6ucstcs$ ckprb t̀ ces

kbtcdis jrdtcrds h'bvbeubjdú$ bk ce u`jdi`bkc`t h'bjtdvdtbts hc tdpus gc`îrdjrcbedt*bhcs pces kbtcdis beuk`cs.

2. !cbedt"br u` tcst #$D% #s rcbedt*bræ u` tcst h'D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs <ustbkc`t pcr ji`îdcr e'beuk`bt ddhc`tddjbr 6ud`s sú` ces pitc`jdbes k/s hcsc`vieupbts. #s trbjtbræ h'utdedt*br ebdìrkbjdú itd`guhb pcr bhbptbr e'cstrbtîgdb hdhæjtdjb pistcrdir. B6ucstbd`tcrvc`jdú cs hcsc`vieupbrdb hd̀ trc hce ji`tct h'u`b jebssc hc tutirdb. Bpridtb`t 6uc c` b6ucst kbtcd grup sdt d e'ÿs 6uc cs bræhc eb rcjieedhb hc hbhcs. #e tcst ckprbt cstæ hcsjrdt b e'b``c.

<. &`æedsd #c rcsuetbts' pripistb #c grups (ikigc`ds d (ctcrigc d̀s. )ripistb#$cstdes #$bprc`c`tbtgc scgi`s ce tdpus #$d`tce.edgî`jdb prc#ikd`b`t. B pbrtdr h'b6ucstb dìrkbjdú$ cs prct/` bji`scgudr u` pcrde sirc eb hdvcrsdtbth'd`tce.edgî`jdcs prchikd`b`ts b eb jebssc hc 0cr h'#Z9. Hc jbhb beuk`c$ pcrtb`t$ s' itd`hræ ce ji`<u`t h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs prchikd`b`t 6uc cs bræ scrvdr pcr ebirkbjdú$ hd`trc hce kbrj hce trcbee jiipcrbtdu$ tb`t hc grups :ikigc`ds jikhc grups :ctcrigc`ds. #es prdkcrs cstbræ` irkbts pcr b6ucees beuk`cs 6ucsircsurtd` c` u` kbtcd tdpus h'd`tce.edgî`jdb d ces scgi`s pcr beuk`cs 6ucsircsurtd` tits c` ecs hdcrc`ts d`tce.edgî`jdcs$ hc kb`crb 6uc ce grup 6uchdjikpc`sbt c` titcs ceecs. Brrb` hc hdvcrsis cstuhds 6uc jirriirc` eb rcebjdú c`trc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcskÿetdpecs d ces cstdes h'bprc`c`tbtgc$ cs pripisbræ tbk/ b pbrtdr hc ebdìrkbjdú itd`guhb hces tcsts$ ces cstdes h'bprc`c`tbtgcs k/s bhc6ubts pcr bjbhb d`tce.edgî`jdb d$ pcr tb`t$ pcr b jbhb beuk`c. H'b6ucstb kb`crb cs prct/`kdeeirbr e'btc`jdú b eb hdvcrsdtbt utdedt*b`t b6ucst kbrj tc>rdj.

:. )ripistb #$bjtdvdtbts-'b`æedsd hc eb dìrkbjdú hces tcsts :b hc scrvdr tbk/ pcr e'cebirbjdú h'u`bsîrdc h'bjtdvdtbts pcrsi`bedt*bhcs pcr b jbhb grup :ikigc`d. -cs bjtdvdtbtss'cebirbrb` scgud`t eb tbiìkdb hc Feiik$ bhc6ub`t2ecs b eb bsc hce jdjec

h'bprc`c`tbtgc 6uc s'csjbdgud hd`trc hc eb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb.8. !cbedt"br u`b bjtdvdtbt pcrsi`bedt"b#b.Hd̀ trc hce ji`tct hc eb jebssc hc jdî`jdcs$ cs rcpbrtdrb` ecs bjtdvdtbtspcrsi`bedt*bhcs scgi`s e'd`tce.edgî`jdb prchikd̀ b`t hc e'beuk`c 8vcurc b``c %3. Bd, hi`js$ cs hdvdhdræ eb jebssc c` hdcrc`ts grups :ikigc`ds h'beuk`csscgi`s eb d`tce.edgî`jdb prchikd`b`t d sc'es pripisbræ u`b bjtdvdtbt h'bjirh bkb6ucstb. -'bvbeubjdú hc eb d`tcrvc`jdú cs bræ kdt<b`=b`t rÿrd6ucs h'iscrvbjdúbk eb d`bedtbt hc ji`drkbr eb :dp>tcsd d`djdbe hce trcbee 8vcurc b``c H3.

7

3. !cbedt"br u`b bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb.#s rcpbrtdræ u`b bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb$ jik cs b :bdtubekc`t$ sc`sc tc`dr c`jikptc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs hc e'beuk`bt d 6uc sdgud `cutrb hcs hce pu`t hc vdstbhc ecs DK$ <b 6uc cs bræ scrvdr jik b ji`trie hc eb d`vcstdgbjdú. #kprb`t ceskbtcdis d`hdjbhirs$ /s b hdr$ eb rÿrdjb h'iscrvbjdú$ s'bvbeuræ b6ucstb bjtdvdtbt

d cs jikpbrbræ bk e'b`tcrdir pcr vcurc s':b prihut begu`b vbrdbjdú c`trc ecshucs d`tcrvc`jdi`s.

1. &`æedsd #ces rcsuetbts #c ecs d`tcrvc`jdi`s B pbrtdr hc ecs iscrvbjdi`s rcbedt*bhcs tb`t c` e'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb i jeæssdjb de'bjtdvdtbt pcrsi`bedt*bhb$ cs rcbedt*bræ u`b b`æedsd h'b6ucstcs pcr ji`trbstbr eb:dp>tcsd d`djdbe d jcrjbr cvdhî`jdcs 6uc pisd` hc kb`dcst i c` ji`trbstd` ebvbedhcsb. B6ucstb b`æedsd cs bræ pcr jikpbrbjdú hce pu`tbtgc c` ces d`hdjbhirsckprbts c` bkhucs d`tcrvc`jdi`s$ kdt<b`=b`t u`b kdt<b`b brdtkîtdjb hc ecsrÿrd6ucs h'iscrvbjdú d bvbeub`t c` 6ud` jbs eb pu`tubjdú :b cstbt kb<ir$ 6ucjirrcspi`hræ b u` `dvcee k/s bet h'd`tcrîs.

7. !cjcrjb #$betrcs cvd#î`jdcs. B b`hb hc ecs cvdhî`jdcs 6uc cs pugud` trcurc hc eb d`tcrvc`jdú hdhæjtdjb c`e'bueb$ pcr ji`trbstbr eb :dp>tcsd d`djdbe hc eb rcjcrjb s':b prijchdt b ji`td`ubr ebrcjcrjb irb hc e'bueb. #` b6ucst sc`tdt$ s':b pigut ji`tbjtbr bk ce pricssir Vec Zbeb$ jiirhd`bhir hce 1\BDK 81rup hc \cjcrjb hc e'bpedjbjdú hc ecsD`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs3 hc eb &F$ kckrc hc e'c6udp hdrcjtdu hc e'D`stdtut %rcuhc Zbb 8jiirhd`bhir hc pri<cjtcs3 d butir hce prigrbkb ZB%Z$ 6uc cs trbjtbh'u` prigrbkbrd 6uc cs pit d`stbe.ebr c` e'd`trb`ct hc 6ubescvie jc`trc d pcrkctbvbeubr ce hcsc`vieupbkc`t hc e'beuk`bt c` ecs jikpctî`jdcs sijdbes. Bd,hi`js$ brrb` hc eb vd`juebjdú hc e'Vec Zbeb d hc e'D`stdtut %rcu hc Zbb c` ecsD`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs$ s':b prijchdt b rcbedt*br u`b c`trcvdstb jik b pbrt hc ebrcjcrjb h'cvdhî`jdcs h'b6ucst trcbee.!cr betrb b`hb$ tbk/ s':b ji`tbjtbt bk e'Brbjced @c`hrcee$ hce hcpbrtbkc`thc jiku`djbjdú hce %ie.ecgd Ki`tscrrbt$ 6uc trcbeeb bk ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcsKÿetdpecs hcs hc !$ bk e'cstdkuebjdú prdkcrc`jb$ d`s b scgi` hc btdeecrbt. B6ucst jie.ecgd vb scr vdsdtbt pce pripd EiRbrh 1brh`cr d hcs hc b kiets b`ss':d dkpeckc`tb bk îdt b6ucstb kctihieigdb sitb eb hdrcjjdú hc eb Ki`tscrrbthce !i*i.

>



8. Hcsc`vieupbkc`t hc eb d`vcstdgbjdú chujbtdvb

8.2. \cbedtzbjdú hu` tcst h!K

-b d`vcstdgbjdú chujbtdvb s'd`djdb bk eb dkpeckc`tbjdú h'u` tcst hc JG

prcgu`tcs ctrct hce eedrc "-bs D`tcedgc`jdbs Kÿetdpecs c` ce Bueb" hc +:ikbs Brkstri`g d 6uc :b cstbt vbedhbt pce pripd EiRbrh 1brh`cr. B6ucst tcst$ 6uc :bcstbt trbhut be jbtbeæ pcr e'ijbsdú d cs pit ji`suetbr c` e'b``c B$ pcrkctcsrd`br 6ud`cs sú` ecs hdcrc`ts bd`dtbts hces cstuhdb`ts c` jbhbsju`b hc ecsd`tce.edgî`jdcs. #es jrdtcrds h'cecjjdú h'b6ucst tcst sú`?

2 #e tcst cstæ vbedhbt pcr pbrt h'Brkstri`g d 1br`cr.2 #e grbu hc jikpecdtbt hc ecs prcgu`tcs d ecs pissdecs rcspistcs s'bhc6ub be`dvcee hc 0cr h'#Z9.2 #e `ikrc hc prcgu`tcs s'bhc6ub be `dvcee hc 0cr h'#Z9.2 #` ce tcst :d prchikd`b ce vbeir 6ubedtbtdu hces rcsuetbts.

-b hcd`djdú hc eb vbrdbec ipcrbjdi`be 6uc cs prct/` d`vcstdgbr scrdc` hi`js ecsd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs d ecs hdkc`sdi`s d bspcjtcs 6uchc` rcecbts c` ce64cstdi`brd tbe jik d`hdjb eb scg4c`t tbueb?

Hdkc`sdi`s Bspcjtcs !rcgu`tcs hce 64cstdi`brd

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G prcgu`tcs? $ 0 0O$ J

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G prcgu`tcs? L$ 0N$ 0$0$

->gdji2Kbtckætdjb -cs prcgu`tcs prctc`c`ji`îdcr e'bd d̀tbt hce'cstuhdb`t pcr ebD t̀ce.edgî`jdb ->gdji2Kbtckætdjb

G prcgu`tcs? G$ O$ 0G$ $G

Kusdjbe -cs prcgu`tcs prctc`c`ji`îdcr e'bd d̀tbt hce'cstuhdb`t pcr ebD`tce.edgî`jdb Kusdjbe

G prcgu`tcs? J$ A$ 0J$ A$L

@dsube2#spbjdbe -cs prcgu`tcs prctc`c`ji`îdcr e'bd d̀tbt hce'cstuhdb`t pcr ebD`tce.edgî`jdb #spbjdbe

G prcgu`tcs? 0$ 00$ 0A$J$ O

D`tcrpcrsi`be -cs prcgu`tcs prctc`c` G prcgu`tcs? 0$ 0L$ J$

4

ji`îdcr e'bd d̀tbt hce'cstuhdb`t pcr ebD`tcrpcrsi`beD`tce.edgî`jdb

JA$ JG

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G prcgu`tcs? $ N$ N$ J0$JJ

-cs rcspistcs hce tcst pihc` scr "vcrdtbec"$ "bes" i "jbsceeb c` eb`j" c` jbshc hutc. #e pu`tbtgc /s 0 c` jbs hc "vcrdtbec" d c` jbs hc "bes" i "jbsceebc` eb`j". H'b6ucstb kb`crb cs tc`c` pu`tubjdi`s hc b G pcr b jbhbd`tce.edgî`jdb$ bgbb`t jik b jrdtcrd h'bd`dtbt ecs pu`tubjdi`s hc A i G. -bd`tce.edgî`jdb `bturbedstb$ 6uc rc6ucrdrdb 6uc e'bjtdvdtbt b hcsc`vieupbr is b irb

hc e'bueb$ ì 6uchb rcecbhb c` ce tcst <b 6uc pcr kitdus hc pcrkdsis d hcgcstdú ì /s pissdec rcbedt*br u`b d`tcrvc`jdú hc eb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb irb hce'csjieb.#e 64cstdi`brd cs pbssb hurb`t u`b jebssc hc tutirdb u`b sctkb`b bb`s hcjikc`=br eb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb c` eb 6uc s'd`tcgrbræ eb d`vcstdgbjdú. -b jebsscji`stb hc J beuk`cs hc 0cr h'#Z9 d s'bpridtb u`b prdkcrb pbrt hc eb tutirdbpcr pbssbr ces tcsts. !cr tbe h'd`trihudr eb d`tcrvc`jdú$ cs pbreb hc 6uc /s u` tcstdkpirtb`t pce trcbee hc d hc kæstcr d cs hi`c` ecs d`strujjdi`s prcjdscs pcrcebirbr2ei$ c` jbp jbs bìkc`b`t eb tcirdb hc ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs. #strbjtb$ hi`js$ hc ì ji`hdjdi`br ecs rcspistcs hces cstuhdb`ts$ 6uc c`tc`c` drcspcjtc` eb dkpirtæ`jdb hce kbtcd d ce rcbedt*c` c` sdec`jd d sc`sc d`jdhî`jdcs.

Bd> jirriirb ces jrdtcrds cstbecrts pcr e'cecjjdú hce tcst c` 6ub`t b grbu hcjikpecdtbt d pridkdtbt hc ecs prcgu`tcs be `dvcee hc 0cr h'#Z9 hc e'beuk`bt.

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8.< "`æedsd hc rcsuetbts hce #$cstdi`brd% pripistb hc grups &ikigc`ds d&ctcrigc`ds.

B pbrtdr hces 64cstdi`brds rcbedt*bts$ <b cs pihc` rcbedt*br u` pcrde hc ecsd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs 6uc :d :b c` ce grup2jebssc. #` ecs græd6ucs pcr

beuk`c cs pihc` vcurc 6ud`cs c` hcstb6uc` k/s.

!cr cckpec$ c` b6ucst beuk`c$ scgud`t ces jrdtcrds cskc`tbts b`tcrdirkc`t$ cspit vcurc 6uc c` hcstbjbrdc` eb d`tcrpcrsi`be$ eb e>gdji2kbtckætdjb$ eb

d`trbpcrsi`be d eb vcrbe2ed`g4,stdjb. D bd, s'b`drdc` csjieed`t pcr jbhb beuk`c d`sbrrdbr b u`b grædjb h'b6ucst cstde$ i` cs pit vcurc ce pcrde hc tit ce grup?

22

D. vcrbe7ed`g4,stdjb

D. e>gdjb7kbtckætdjb

D. vdsube7cspbjdbe

D. jirpirbe7jd`cstîsdjb

D. kusdjbe7r,tkdjb

D. d`trbpcrsi`be

D. d`tcrpcrsi`be

0 J A G+bueb 0. !crde h'D`tce.edgî`jdcs pcr beuk`c

D. vcrbe7ed`g4,stdjb

D. e>gdjb7kbtckætdjb

D. vdsube7cspbjdbe

D. jirpirbe7jd`cstîsdjb

D. kusdjbe7r,tkdjb

D. d`trbpcrsi`be

D. d`tcrpcrsi`be

A N L 0 0 0A 0N 0L+bueb . !crde h'D`tce.edgî`jdcs hce grup2jebssc.

#s pit iscrvbr$ pcr tb`t$ 6uc eb d`tce.edgî`jdb d`tcrpcsi`be d d`trbpcrsi`be sú`b6uceecs bk ecs 6ubes ces beuk`cs s':d dhc`tdd6uc` k/s d$ pcr betrb b`hb$ ebd`tce.edgî`jdb vdsube2cspbjdbe eb 6uc kc`s. B6ucst ct /s hcgut pitscr b 6uc ecsprcgu`tcs rccrdhcs b b6ucstb hbrrcrb$ jik pcr cckpec$ "sckprc hdstd`gcdi ceCirh hce Zuh$ cstdgud i` cstdgud" i "prccrcdi cr u` kbpb 6uc cpedjbr2ed b begÿ

jik :b h'brrdbr b u` eeij hctcrkd`bt"$ sú` pij ji`tctubedt*bhcs d tc`c` pij bvcurc bk eb vdhb 6uitdhdb`b hc e'beuk`bt. Hurb`t eb scssdú hc tutirdb$ begu`sbeuk`cs kistrc` hutcs sirc eb prcgu`tb "gc`crbekc`t kc `'bhiì hce'cprcssdú d ces gcstis 6uc td`j b eb jbrb"$ hc jbdrc d`trbpcrsi`be$ d tbk/ bkeb prcgu`tb "Zckprc c`tc`j ecs græd6ucs 6uc v/`c` c` ecs d`strujjdi`sh'c6udps i d`strukc`ts" <b 6uc$ jik ecs b`tcrdirs$ ì rcecjtcdc` sdtubjdi`s6uitdhdb`cs d prcsc`tc` jcrtb bkdg4ctbt.Ci istb`t ces rcsuetbts hces tcsts sú` priu sbtdsbjtirds d pcrkctc` ji`dgurbru`b sîrdc hc grups :ikigc`ds d :ctcrigc`ds. #es rcsuetbts$ 6uc cs pihc`ji`suetbr b e'b``c F$ cs rcsukcdc` c` eb scg4c`t tbueb$ i` s':b pisbt b jbhbbeuk`c u` ìkrc 6uc e'dhc`tddjb?

D`tce.edgî`jdb Beuk`cs

-d`g4,stdjb 0$ N$ O$ 0$ O

%d̀ cstîsdjb2%irpirbe O$ 00$ 0$ 0J$ 0A$ 0L$ 0$ G$ N$ J

->gdji2Kbtckætdjb 0$ O$ 0A$ 0G$ $ 0$ A$ O

Kusdjbe $ A$ G$ N$ 0G$ 0N$ 0L$ 0$ 0$ J$ G$ N

@dsube2#spbjdbe 0J$ 0G$

D`tcrpcrsi`be 0$ N$ 00$ 0$ 0J$ 0A$ 0$ $ 0$ $ J$ A$ G$ N$O

D`trbpcrsi`be 0$ $ A$ N$ $ 00$ 0$ 0J$ 0A$ 0G$ $ 0$ $ G$ $J

&` bspcjtc hcstbjbec 6ub` s'bvbeuc` ces rcsuetbts /s 6uc hces beuk`cs J$ 0$0O d L ì c` surtc` rcecbhcs ecs scvcs d`tce.edgî`jdcs c` ce tcst$ /s b hdr$pu`tuc` bk kbrjbtgcs d`crdirs b A i G. !cr rcsiehrc b6ucstb sdtubjdú$ sc'es bu`b c`trcvdstb u`b sctkb`b bb`s hc eb scssdú h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs pcrsbcr hdrcjtbkc`t 6ud` tdpus h'bjtdvdtbt viec` rcbedt*br.

Zcgud`t ces rcsuetbts b`tcrdirs$ ces grups :ikigc`ds 6uc brb` ecs bjtdvdtbtspripisbhcs cstb` hdstrduts hc eb scg4c`t kb`crb?

D`tce.edgî`jdb Beuk`cs

Kusdjbe7-d`g4,stdjb 803 0N$ N$ G$ O$ 0L

Kusdjbe7-d`g4,stdjb 83 $ J$ 0$ A

->gdji2Kbtckætdjb 0G$ A$ O

%d`îtdji2%irpirbe 0J$ 00$ 0$ 0$ 0O

@dsube2#spbjdbe N$ 0$ L$ L

2<

D`tcrpcrsi`be $ G$ 0$ J

D`trbpcrsi`be $ $ J$ $ 0A

!cr betrb b`hb$ bk ecs hbhcs itd`guhcs cs pihc` tbk/ cstbedr u`s grups

:ctcrigc`ds h'beuk`cs i` titcs ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs cstbrdc` jikpc`sbhcs d bkces 6ubes cs pihrdb hcsc`vieupbr trcbee jiipcrbtdu. #es rcsuetbts sú` cesscg4c`ts?

1rups Beuk`cs

1rup B O$ 0G$ 0A$ 0J$ N$ L

1rup F $ L$ 00$ J$ 0L$ A

1rup % O$ 0$ 0N$ 0$ G$ 0

1rup H N$ $ $ J$ A$ J

1rup # 0$ 0$ $ G$ $ 0O

8.: Vripistb hbjtdvdtbts hd`tce.edg'`jdcs k(etdpecs d bjtdvdtbt gc`'rdjb.

-b u d̀tbt hdhæjtdjb ji`stb hc ìu scssdi`s ji`sdstc`ts c` his jdjecsh'bprc`c`tbtgc jikpects 8vcurc c` b``c e'cs6uckb hce jdjech'bprc`c`tbtgc3. Bd, hi`js$ cs trbjtb hc pripisbr u`b sîrdc h'bjtdvdtbts hd`trchce kbrj hc ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs 6uc cs pugud` d`jeiurc c` begu`b hc ecsscssdi`s$ rcspcjtb`t be:irb e'ctbpb jirrcspi`c t̀ hce jdjec h'bprc`c`tbtgc d ebtckætdjb 6uc s':d hcsc`vieupb$ 6uc c` b6ucst jbs /s ce jdjec hc e'bdgub.

#e vd`jec 6uc pcrkct c`jbdbr u` kbrj tc>rdj h'b6ucstcs jbrbjtcr,std6ucs d ebu`dtbt hdhæjtdjb :b h'cstbr rcebjdi`bt bk ce hikd`d jig`dtdu 6uc sc ed hckb`b be'beuk`bt sirc u`b hctcrkd`bhb tckætdjb. #` b6ucst sc`tdt$ eb tbiìkdb hcFeiik$ 6uc /s u`b jebssddjbjdú hc ecs hdcrc`ts :bdedtbts 6uc u` hijc`t pithckb`br bes scus cstuhdb`ts$ pripirjdi`b u`b bsc tc>rdjb dh> d̀b pcrji``cjtbr ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs d eb pripistb h'bjtdvdtbts sirc ce jdjec hce'bdgub. B6ucstb jebssddjbjdú d`jeiu sds `dvcees hc jikpecdtbt 6uc s'utdedt*c` jikb d`hdjbhir pcr bes hijc`ts d pcr b 6uc eb irkbjdú 6uc hi`c`$ cstdkued dhcsc`vieupd ecs jbpbjdtbts hc pc`sbkc`t cecvbt hces beuk`cs. #es sds `dvceessú` ces scg4c`ts?0. %i`cdckc`t? :bdedtbts hc kckirdt*bjdú$ iscrvbr d rcjirhbr dìrkbjdú

. %ikprc`sdú? c`tc`hrc eb dìrkbjdú$ jbpbjdtbt hc trbhudr$ d`tcrprctbr$ jbptbr cesdg`ddjbt$ ctj.J. Bpedjbjdú? cr ÿs hc eb dìrkbjdú$ jbpbjdtbt hc trb`scrdr ce ji`cdckc`t h'u`c`tir` b e'betrc$ sieujdi`br prieckcs utdedt*b`t :bdedtbts i ji`cdckc`ts.A. B`æedsd? hcsjirdr d hdstd`gdr ecs pbrts h'u` tit$ tribr pbtri`s$ irgb`dt*br ecspbrts$ rcji`îdcr sdg`ddjbts ijuets.G. Z,`tcsd? jikpbrbr d hdsjrdkd`br c`trc hdcrc`ts dhccs$ c`trceeb=br ecs pbrts cù` tit ji:crc`t$ vcrddjbr ce vbeir hc eb dìrkbjdúN. Bvbeubjdú? utdet*br dhccs prîvdcs pcr b jrcbr betrcs hc ìvcs$ <ut<br ce vbeir hceb dìrkbjdú b trbv/s h'u` ji`<u`t h'cstæ`hbrhs$ rcebjdi`br ji`cdckc`ts hchdcrc`ts ærccs$ prchdr2`c ji`jeusdi`s hcrdvbhcs.

2:

#` e'b``c s':b bh<u`tbt eb tbueb i` cs hcsjrduc` ecs bjtdvdtbts rcebjdi`bhcsbk ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs 6uc jirrcspi`hrdc` bes hdcrc`ts `dvceesjig`dtdus hc eb +biìkdb hc Feiik. Bd, hi`js$ cs pit vcurc 6uc$ hcgut 6uc ebscssdú i` cs brb` ecs bjtdvdtbts jirrcspi`hrdb be "kikc`t"h'bpedjbjdú hd`trc hcejdjec h'bprc`c`tbtgc$ ecs bjtdvdtbts csjieedhcs s'csjbuc` tbk/ b `dvcees

h'bpedjbjdú$ b`æedsd$ s,`tcsd i bvbeubjdú. #s pit vcurc 6uc pcr ecs hdcrc`tsd`tce.edgî`jdcs cs pripisc` b6ucst tdpus h'bjtdvdtbts rccrc`ts be jdjec hc e'bdgub?

2 D`tce.edgî`jdb kusdjbe7ed`g4,stdjb? jrcbjdú h'u`b jb`=ú 8bpedjbjdú32 D`tce.edgî`jdb kbtckætdjb? rcbedt*br græd6ucs hc hdcrc`ts tdpus 8bpedjbjdú3hctcrkd`br ce ji`suk hdbrd h'bdgub 8b`æedsd32 D`tce.edgî`jdb vdsube2cspbjdbe? irhc`br ecs hdcrc`ts pbrts h'u` hdud 8bpedjbjdú3d rcbedt*br u` trc`jbjeis6ucs 8b`æedsd32 D`tce.edgî`jdb jd`cstîsdjb? hdssc`br u` cpcrdkc`t pcr cpedjbr ce jdjec hce'bdgub 8bpedjbjdú32 D`tce.edgî`jdb d`tcrpcrsi`be? rcbedt*br u`b c`trcvdstb 8bpedjbjdú3

2 D`tce.edgî`jdb d`trbpcrsi`be? hcsjrdurc ecs pr>pdcs ckijdi`s c` rcebjdú b u`rcebt i c`rcgdstrbkc`t 8bpedjbjdú3

&` jip s':b dhc`tddjbt ce tdpus h'bjtdvdtbt pcr b jbhb d`tce.edgî`jdb$ jbeji`tctubedt*br2eb hd`trc hce jdjec hc e'bdgub pcr hi`br2ed u` sc`tdt c` eb u`dtbthdhæjtdjb 8vcurc c` e'b``c 1 u` rcsuk hc eb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb3. %ik s':bcskc`tbt b`tcrdirkc`t$ c` ecs scssdi`s prîvdcs s':b trcbeebt ce jdjec hc e'bdgub`bturbe d$ pcr tb`t$ /s `cjcssbrd 6uc e'beuk`bt vcgd$ c` b6ucstcs scssdi`spistcrdirs$ u`b bpedjbjdú h'b6ucst jdjec hc e'bdgub ji`tctubedt*bhb c`tckætd6ucs hc eb scvb vdhb 6uitdhdb`b. B6ucstcs tckætd6ucs pripisbhcs scrdc`ce jb`vd jedkætdj$ e'cstbevd d ji`suk h'bdgub$ e'bdgub c` ces /sscrs vdus d ce kîtihcjdc`t,dj bpedjbt be jdjec hc e'bdgub. d`bekc`t$ cs b u`b d`tcrscjjdú hc ecstckætd6ucs bk ecs bpedjbjdi`s pcr ecs bjtdvdtbts$ hi`b`t jik b rcsuetbt$ ecspripistcs 6uc cs pihc` tribr b e'b``c % d 6uc cs pihrdc` rcsukdr hc ebscg4c`t kb`crb?

2 D. %btckætdjb. -'bdgub c` ces /sscrs vdus? beb`= h'bdgub c` e'/sscr :ukæ. #strbjtb h'u`b bjtdvdtbt i` e'beuk`c :b hc rcbedt*br jæejues sirc ce beb`= h'bdgubc` e'csscr :ukæ 8d`gcstb d hcspcsb3$ c`tc`hrc eb dkpirtæ`jdb hce cìkc` hccvbpitrb`spdrbjdú c` eb supcrvdvî`jdb hces /sscrs vdus.2 D. *dsube . #e jdjec :ukæ hc e'bdgub? trc`jbjeis6ucs. &`b bpedjbjdú hce jdjec

`bturbe /s c`tc`hrc jik e'/sscr :ukæ s':d bhbptb d ce kihddjb pcr bbstdr ecsscvcs `cjcssdtbts c` eb vdhb 6uitdhdb`b. #s trbjtb h'dhc`tddjbr2`c ecs hdcrc`tspbrts d cr2`c u` trc`jbjeis6ucs.2 D. D`tcrpcrsi`be.#e jb`vd jedkætdj? c`trcvdstb. #e jdjec `bturbe hc e'bdgub cs vcubcjtbt pcr e'cvieujdú hce jb`vd jedkætdj hc ecs hbrrcrcs hîjbhcs. #s trbjtb 6ucces beuk`cs c`tc`gud` 6uî /s d bjd` u`b c`trcvdstb b u`b pcrsi`b grb` 6uc ces:i cped6ud.2 D. D`trbpcrsi`be. #es si`s hc e'bdgub?hcsjrdpjdú d ckijdi`s. #e jdjec `bturbe hce'bdgub tbk/ cs pit c`tc`hrc kdt<b`=b`t ecs ckijdi`s 6uc u` pit sc`tdr ddhc`tddjbr c` u` kbtcd. #s trbjtb 6uc e'beuk`c$ b pbrtdr h'u` c`rcgdstrbkc`tvdsube i siìr$ ecs dhc`tdd6ud d sæpdgb hcsjrdurc ecs hdcrc`ts pbrts hce jdjec hc

28

e'bdgub.2 D. %usdjbe+ed`gõëstdjb. -'cstbevd hc e'bdgub? jb`=ú. #e ji`suk hdbrd d e'cstbevdh'bdgub sú` hucs 64cstdi`s dkpirtb`ts kiet vd`juebhcs be jdjec hc e'bdgub.-'beuk`c$ kdt<b`=b`t b6ucstb bjtdvdtbt$ :b h'c`tc`hrc 6ud`s sú` ces kbes d i`s:ædts c` rcebjdú bk b6ucst pu`t d$ pcr bpriu`hdr c` b6ucst bprc`c`tbtgc$ sc

ed pripisb cr u`b jb`=ú.2 D. ,d̀ cstîsdjb. #e kîtihc jdc`t,dj? hdssc` cpcrdkc t̀be. Kdt<b`=b t̀ ebjikprc`sdú hce kîtihc jdc`t,dj$ sc ed pripisb b e'beuk`c ce hdssc` h'u`cpcrdkc`t 6uc sdkued ce jdjec hc e'bdgub d ecs scvcs bscs. H'b6ucstb kb`crbs'bpriu`hcd$ kdt<b`=b`t e'bpedjbjdú$ c` ecs hdcrc`ts bscs hce jdjec d c` ebjikprc`sdú hce hdssc` cpcrdkc`tbe jik b pbrt jc`trbe hce kîtihc jdc`t,dj.

d`bekc`t$ pcr pihcr ji`trbstbr eb :dp>tcsd peb`tc<bhb cs rcbedt*b u` ji`trie`cgbtdu c` irkb h'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb i jeæssdjb prîvdb b eb scssdú hc ecsd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs. !cr hdssc`br b6ucstb bjtdvdtbt$ 6uc cs pit tribr btbk/ b e'b``c %$ s':b rcjirrcgut be tdpus h'bjtdvdtbts 6uc cs pihc` tribr c`

ces eedrcs hc tct hc 0cr h'#Z9 6uc :d :bvdb b e'csjieb d 6uc s':b` b`bt utdedt*b`thurb`t ces hbrrcrs b`s. B6ucstb bjtdvdtbt t/ pbrts 6uc cs b` hc kb`crbd`hdvdhube d tbk/ pbrts c` 6uî ces beuk`cs :b` hc ji`trbstbr bk cesjikpb`s eb rcspistb. Bpridtb`t b6ucstcs pbrts c` grup 8`i jiipcrbtdu3$ s':b`rcbedt*bt u`cs rÿrd6ucs h'iscrvbjdú 6uc scrvdrb` pcr bvbeubr eb kitdvbjdú de'd`tcrîs hces beuk`cs c`vcrs e'bjtdvdtbt pripisbhb. B6ucstb kbtcdb rÿrdjbscrvdræ tbk/ pcr eb scg4c`t scssdú h'DK 8trcbee jiipcrbtdu3 d h'b6ucstb kb`crbcs pihrb` ji`trbstbr ces his rcsuetbts d brrdbr b ji`jeusdi`s c`vcrs eb :dp>tcsdpeb`tc<bhb. !cr cebirbr eb rÿrdjb h'iscrvbjdú s':b` bvbeubt c`trc 0 d A cesscg4c`ts d`hdjbhirs?2 Cdvcee hc jiipcrbjdú d `dvcee hc trcbee c` grup2 Bpirtbjdi`s d`hdvdhubes be grup2 Bjtdtuh gc`crbe b jebssc.

8.8 Hcsc`vieupbkc`t hc ecs scssdi`s hc ebjtdvdtbt gc`'rdjb)h!`tce.edg'`jdcs K(etdpecs d prcsc`tbjdú.

-b scssdú h'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb cs hcsc`vieupb bk ce grup2jebssc$ tit hi`b`td`hdjbjdi`s hc 6uî cs bræ hurb`t eb jebssc. +it scgudt cs prijchcd b cr cesccrjdjds d sckeb 6uc ces beuk`cs :d pisc` d`tcrîs. Zú` bjtdvdtbts b ecs 6ubes <bcstb` bjistukbts d hurb`t ecs pisbhcs c` jikÿ cs b` scrvdr ecs pbutcs

h'iscrvbjdú 6uc s':b` cskc`tbt b`tcrdirkc`t. #e `dvcee hc trcbee /s bhc6ubt d`i sckeb 6uc :d :bgd kc`s d`tcrîs 6uc c` betrcs scssdi`s 6uc s':b` ctb`tcrdirkc`t.!cr eb scssdú h'DK s'bpridtb u` hcshiebkc`t c` ce 6uc 6uchc` 6ubtrc grupshurb`t eb prdkcrb :irb 8kusdjbe7ed`g4,stdjb$ jd̀ cstîsdjb$ d`tcrpcrsi`be dkbtckætdjb3 d trcs grups hurb`t eb scgi`b 8kusdjbe7ed`g4,stdjb$ d`trbpcrsi`be dvdsube3. H'b6ucstb kb`crb eb gcstdú hc e'bueb cs pit cr hc kb`crb bhc6ubhb d ebd`tcrvc`jdú hijc`t$ 6uc cs bræ <u`tbkc`t bk eb jikpb`b hc præjtdjuk$rcsuetb scr k/s ccjtdvb. -b scssdi`s cs b` c` ce ebirbtird hc ,sdjb hce'csjieb$ 6uc cstæ irkbt pcr 6ubtrc tbuecs grb`s hc bk ces scus tbirctsrcspcjtdus. #es grups cs hdstrducdc` c` jbhb tbueb$ sc'es rcpbrtcdc` ecs

23

bjtdvdtbts d begu`s s'cstrb`c` pcr 6uî titcs sú` hdcrc`ts. Hurb`t ecs hucsscssdi`s$ b sdkpec vdstb$ cs pit vcurc 6uc ces grups 6uc k/s trcbeec` sú` cesh'bjtdvdtbts kusdjbe$ kbtckætdjb d vdsube$ kc`trc 6uc eb rcstb ì sckeb tc`drgbdrc d`tcrîs. &` jip bjbbhb eb scssdú$ sc'es c`jikb`b cr u`b prcsc`tbjdú cìrkbt piRcrpid`t pce pripcr hdb$ c` 6uî s':buræ h'cpisbr bee> 6uc :b` ct d

bprîs hurb`t eb scssdú h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs. B6ucstb prcsc`tbjdú tbk/scrvdræ pcr bvbeubr d jirriirbr ecs bjtdvdtbts 6uc :b` hcspcrtbt k/s d`tcrîskdt<b`=b`t u`b rÿrdjb h'iscrvbjdú8vcurc b``c H3$ eb 6ube bvbeub cesscg4c`ts d`hdjbhirs?2 Cdvcee h'cprcssdú2 Cdvcee hc ji`td`guts hcsc`vieupbts2 5ubedtbt hce trcbee2 #ebirbjdú hc eb prcsc`tbjdú.H'b6ucsts d`hdjbhirs$ ce k/s bhdc`t pcr bvbeubr2`c e'd`tcrîs c` e'bjtdvdtbt /s ce hce'cebirbjdú hc eb prcsc`tbjdú$ <b 6uc hckistrb sd e'beuk`c :b cstbt jurús be':irb h'cebirbr eb prcsc t̀bjdú d$ pcr tb t̀$ kistrb kitdvbjdú pcr cr2eb hc

kb`crb bhc6ubhb.

-b scssdú hc eb prcsc`tbjdú$ 6uc cs b b hbrrcrb :irb hc eb tbrhb$ cshcsc`vieupb c` e'Bueb Kbg`b hc e'csjieb$ u`b sbeb grb` bk pdssbrrb hdgdtbe dsdstckb h'æuhdi pcr b6ucstcs ijbsdi`s. #es beuk`cs c`trc` csvcrbts d$ bhdcrî`jdb h'betrcs vcgbhcs$ jistb cr2eis jbeebr. Begu`s v/`c` bk ecsprcsc`tbjdi`s sc`sc cr d h'betrcs bk ecs scvcs prcsc`tbjdi`s b `dvceed`hdvdhube$ /s b hdr$ sc`sc :bvcr2`c ct eb geibe hc grup. #es grupsjirrcspi`c`ts b eb d`tce.edgî`jdb kusdjbe cstb` `crvdisis d tc`c` pir hc sirtdr bprcsc`tbr eb scvb jb`=ú. !cr betrb b`hb$ c` ce grup hc e'c`trcvdstb ìk/s u`bpbrt :b ct ce trcbee d$ c` ce grup hce trc`jbjeis6ucs$ u`b jikpb`b s':b pisbtkbebetb d ì pihc` cr e'cpisdjdú hbvb`t eb jebssc. #` gc`crbe$ jistb 6uc cegrup kb`td`gud eb ji`jc`trbjdú kc`trc ces betrcs cpisc` d$ b sdkpec vdstb$ ìsckeb 6uc :d :bgd gbdrc d`tcrîs `d 6uc e'bprc`c`tbtgc :bgd cstbt priusdg`ddjbtdu.

21

8.* "`æedsd hc rcsuetbts hc ecs d`tcrvc`jdi`s

Hurb`t ecs d`tcrvc`jdi`s$ s':b` ckprbt rÿrd6ucs h'iscrvbjdú jik <b s':bjikc`tbt. !cr ji`trbstbr2ecs sc `':b ct u`b kdt<b`b brdtkîtdjb hces d`hdjbhirspcr ecs bjtdvdtbts gc`îrd6ucs d ecs bjtdvdtbts h'D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs.

#e rcsuetbt hc ecs kdt<b`cs brdtkîtd6ucs hc jbhb grup h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecscs pit vcurc c` b6ucstb grædjb?

-b kdt<b`b brdtkîtdjb hc ecs iscrvbjdi`s prcscs hurb`t e'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb cs

ji`strbstc`$ c` eb grædjb scg4c`t$ bk eb kdt<b`b hces d`hdjbhirs b`tcrdirs?

27

D. Kusdjbe7-d`g4,stdjb0

D. Kusdjbe7-d`g4,stdjb

D. Kbtckætdjb

D. @dsube

D. D`tcrpcrsi`be

D. D`trbpcrsi`be

D. %d`cstîsdjb

0 J A

+bueb J. \csuetbts hc ecs iscrvbjdi`sc` eb scssdú h'DK

%iipcrbjdú Bpirtbjdi`s Bjtdtuh

Bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb

Bjtdvdtbt DK

0 J A

+bueb A. %ikpbrbjdú hc ecs d`tcrvc`jdi`s

%iipcrbjdú Bpirtbjdi`s Bjtdtuh

d`bekc`t$ hurb`t eb scssdú hc ecs prcsc`tbjdi`s$ eb grædjb hc ecs iscrvbjdi`sprcsc`tbrdb b6ucst pcrde?

%ik cs pit iscrvbr c` b6ucstcs græd6ucs$ ces grups hc vdsube$kusdjbe7ed`g4,stdjb d kbtckætdjb :b` cstbt ces 6uc :b` prcsc`tbt k/s d`tcrîs dkitdvbjdú rcspcjtc ces betrcs h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs. !cr betrb b`hb$ bd>6uchb jirriirbt hurb`t eb scssdú hc eb prcsc`tbjdú i` b6ucsts kbtcdis grupssú`$ b b`hb hce grup h'd`tce.edgî`jdb vdsube$ ces 6uc k/s d`tcrîs pisc` cè'cebirbjdú hce trcbee.#` ce ji`trbst c`trc bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb d bjtdvdtbt pcr D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs ìcs pihc` jipsbr gbdrcs hdcrî`jdcs. !itscr cs pihc` vcurc k/s bpirtbjdi`s c`6ub`t b `dvcee hc jebssc pcr pbrt hces beuk`cs hurb`t e'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb$ kc`trc6uc ecs bpirtbjdi`s sú` kcìrs 6ub` cs trcbeeb pcr e'betrb kctihieigdb$ pcr>ecs hdcrî`jdcs sú` k,`dkcs.

8.+ Hcsc`vieupbkc`t hc ecs c`trcvdstcs% rcjcrjb hbetrcs cvdh'`jdcs

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D. D`trbpcrsi`be

D. %d`cstîsdjb

0 J A

+bueb G. !u`tubjdi`s pcr gruphurb`t eb prcsc`tbjdú

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2 #es beuk`cs kistrc`$ rcspcjtc b6ucstb kctihieigdb$ u`b "bjtdtu# kiet pisdtdvb. d (b beuk`cs 6uc (b` rctribt ce scu sc`tdt #$cstbr c` ce jc`trc btrbvs #ce pricjtc i #ce rcji`cdckc`t 6uc sc$es b". #` gc`crbe$ "ì tits dgube> pcrü eb kitdvbjd #c e$beuk`bt s supcrdir 6ub` s$bpedjb b6ucstb kcti#ieigdb".

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24

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2 -b kitdvbjdú d d`tcrîs pcr pbrt hces beuk`cs 6uc trcbeec` bk D`tce.edgî`jdcsKÿetdpecs /s supcrdir d "ed #cdc` b e$betrc 6uc ì (i cdb' tu pcr6uî ì trcbeecsbk /d`tce.edgî`jdcs/; . 4ebvirs> #c scgud#b> ce pricssirbt #c scju`#ærdb vbvcurc ecs pissddedtbts d vb #ckb`br #$dkpeb`tbr-(i".2 -cs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs cs prcsc`tc` jik u`b kcsurb h'btc`jdú b ebhdvcrsdtbt i` "eb d`tcrbjjd pricssir-beuk`c s kiet ks bjtdvb> `c` pcr `c`>c` #cd`dtdvb> u`b btc`jd kiet ks pcrsi`bedt"b#b d pribjtdvb pcr pbrt #ce pricssir ".2 -b irkbjdú hce pricssirbt /s "eb pbrt ks dkpirtb`t #ce ìstrc jc`trc> pcr6uî tu puguds trcbeebr b e$bueb bk gbrb`tdb #c sievî`jdb".

<6

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6uc d`djdbekc`t crc` peb`tc<bhcs.#` 6ub`t eb :dp>tcsd sd "pitscr b trbv/s hc e'btc`jdú pcrsi`bedt*bhb /s pissdecu`b kdeeirb hc e'd`tcrîs d eb kitdvbjdú hces beuk`cs pcr e'bssdg`bturb hcjdî`jdcs"$ eb rcspistb /s bdrkbtdvb <b 6uc$ b pbrtdr hc ecs cvdhî`jdcs hc ecsc`trcvdstcs$ 6uchbr pbecsb eb utdedtbt h'b6ucstb kctihieigdb jik b kcsurbh'btc`jdú pcrsi`bedt*bhb$ bd, jik b d`strukc`t pcr b kdeeirbr eb kitdvbjdú hcescstuhdb`ts. !cr betrb b`hb$ jbe hdr 6uc hurb`t ecs d`tcrvc`jdi`s c` eb u`dtbthdhæjtdjb$ tbe jik kistrc` ces rcsuetbts hces d`hdjbhirs hc ecs iscrvbjdi`s$ ìcdstcdc` hdcrî`jdcs hc kitdvbjdú c`trc e'bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb d ecs bjtdvdtbts pcrD`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs. Bd> s'cpedjbrdb pcr hdvcrsis kitdus$ 6uc 6uchc` <ustddjbts ækpedbkc`t c` ecs hucs c`trcvdstcs rcbedt*bhcs?

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kbtîrdcs c` ecs 6ubes e'beuk`c ì kb`dcstb u`b prchdspisdjdú.2 !ccrc`t b b6ucst pu`t> jik btc`#rc eb #dvcrsdtbt b e$bueb #cs #$u`b pcrspcjtdvb d`jeusdvb;-b kctihieigdb hc ecs d`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs supisb u` pbs c`hbvb`t jbp be'chujbjdú pcrsi`bedt*bhb d$ pcr tb`t$ eb d`jeusdvdtbt cstæ gbrb`tdhb. #` b6ucstsc`tdt$ eb rcebjdú beuk`c2pricssir cshcv/ kiet k/s rdjb d b d̀vceebhb$bugkc`tb`t eb pribjtdvdtbt c`trc bkhucs pbrts d$ pcr tb`t$ c` tc`dr c` jikptcecs pcjuedbrdtbts hc e'beuk`c$ eb hdvcrsdtbt hc e'bueb 6uchb btcsb d e'beuk`ccshcv/ pritbgi`dstb hce prij/s h'bprc`c`tbtgc.2 0ud` tdpus #$cstrbtîgdcs #d#æjtd6ucs cs pi#c` ckprbr pcr kdeeirbr ce prijs#$bprc`c`tbtgc cvdtb`t e$cjeusd #ce grup-jebssc;

<2

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21brh`cr$ E.$ Ebtj:$ +. 80L3. Kuetdpec D`tceedgc`jcs 1i ti Zj:iie?#hujbtdi`be Dkpedjbtdi`s i t:c +:cir i Kuetdpec D`tceedgc`jcs. #hujbtdi`be\cscbrj:cr$ 0L 8L3$ A20.Hdspi`dec c`?:ttp?77RRR.chj.irg7%%+7jjt:ikc7rcpirts7trA.:tke

21ikds Zcevb$ Cdcvcs 8O3$ #vbeubjdú` hc ebs D`tcedgc`jdbs Kÿetdpecs c` ceji`tcti chujbtdvi b trbv/s hc cpcrtis$ kbcstris pbhrcs +csds hijtirbe hc

psdjieig,b cvieutdvb hdhSjtdjb$ &`dvcrsdhbh hc Bedjb`tc2Eucrtb %bki`cs$ \bbceb +cihisdb 803$ -bs d`tcedgc`jdbs kÿetdpecs cebprc`hd*b<c hc ebs hdvcrsbs Srcbs jurrdjuebrcs c` eis cstuhdb`tcs hc A^ G^jdjei hc prdkbrdb hce jiecgdi cpcrdkc`tbe "@,jtir \bÿe 9ieb \ikcri"&`dvcrsdhbh Cbjdi`be hc #hujbjdú`

<8

/. "``c6is

"``c6 "

cst D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs

Bqucst tcst t'bouhbræ b ji`îdxcr-tc kdeeir d tbklä b dhc`tdadjbr ecs ærccskäs rceecvb`ts hc eb tcvb d`tce.edgî`jdb. Zd us pebu, rcspi` bkl kietb

i`cstchbt d sd`jcrdtbt tc`d`t c` jikptc ce scg!c`t"

#$ Zd jrcus quc rcaecxb u`b jbrbjtcr%stdjb tcvb d ct sckleb quc e'badrkbjd&äs vcrtbhcrb, csjrdu .

($ Zd jrcus quc ì rcaecxb u`b jbrbjtcr%stdjb tcvb d ct sckleb quce'badrkbjd& äs abesb, csjrdu ).

*$ Zd hultcs pcrquî b vcgbhcs äs vcrtbhcrb d b vcgbhcs abesb, ì csjrdguds

rcs d hcdxb eb jbsceeb c` leb`j.

2 +rcacrcdxi acr u` kbpb quc cxpedjbr-ed b beg jik b h'brrdlbrb u` eeij hctcrkd`bt.

< Zd cstdj ckpdpbt i ji`tc`t gc`crbekc`t sä eb rb& cxbjtb hc pcrquî äs bdx%.

: Zä tijbr, i blb`s sbldb, u` d`strukc`t kusdjbe.

8 Bssijdi eb ksdjb bkl ces kcus cstbts h'æ`dk.

3 +uj sukbr i kuetdpedjbr kc`tbekc`t bkl kietb rbpdhcsb

1 +uj bouhbr b u` bkdj b gcstdi`br d ji`triebr ces scussc`tdkc`ts, ob quc oi i c pigut acr blb`s c` rcebjd& bkl

sc`tdkc`ts sckleb`ts.7 'bgrbhb trclbeebr bkl jbejuebhirb d irhd`bhirs.

> Bprc`j ræpdhbkc`t b lbeebr u` ìu lbee

4 i k'äs hda%jde hdr bee/ quc pc`si hurb`t u`b hdsjussd& i hclbt.

26 62buhcdxi bkl u`b xcrrbhb, u`b cxpedjbjd& i u` scrk&<

22 Zckprc hdstd`gcdxi ce irh hce Zuh, cstdgud i` cstdgud.

2< 'bgrbhb rcu`dr grups hc pcrsi`cs c` u`b acstb i

<3

cshcvc`dkc`t cspcjdbe.

2: :cbekc`t eb vdhb ck sckleb u` 8rieei8 sc`sc ksdjb.

28 Zckprc c`tc`j ecs græadqucs quc vä`c` c` ecs d`strujjdi`s

h'cqudps i d`strukc`ts.23 'bgrbhb rcsiehrc pu33ecs d c`trctc d̀r-kc bkl oijs

h'irhd`bhir

21 1k vb rcsuetbr aæjde bprc`hrc b b`br c` ldjdjectb i pbtd`s

27 'ckpdpi qub` csjieti u`b hdsjussd& i u`b badrkbjd& quc sckleb

de.e/gdjb i blsurhb

2> Z&j jbpb7 hc ji`vî`jcr b betrcs pcr quî scgucdxd` ces kcuspeb`s i dhccs.

24 >d`j li` sc`tdt hc e'cqudedlrd d jiirhd`bjd&.

<6 Zivd`t puj jbptbr rcebjdi`s c`trc ìklrcs bkl kboir rbpdhcsb

d abjdedtbt quc begu`s hces kcus jikpb`4s

<2 'bgrbhb ji`strudr kihces, acr kbquctcs i csjueturcs.

<< Z&j li pcr trilbr ce sdg`dadjbt prcj%s hc ecs pbrbuecs.

<: +uj kdrbr u` ilocjtc h'u`b kb`crb d bkl eb kbtcdxb abjdedtbtvcurc'e b e'd`rcväs

<8 Zivd`t cstblecdxi eb rcebjd& quc d pit bvcr c`trc u`b ksdjb ijb`7& d begu`b jisb quc bgd sujjc?t b eb kcvb vdhb

<3 'bgrbhb trclbeebr bkl ìklrcs d adgurcs.

<1 'bgrbhb bsscurc'k kiet jbeebt d pc`sbr, rcaecxdi`br silrc ceskcus sc`tdkc`ts käs %`tdks.

<7 >b` sies kdrb`t ecs airkcs hc ecs ji`strujjdi`s d cstrujturcs

ck sc`ti b gust.

<> =ub` cstdj b eb hutxb, i qub` cstdj sie k'bgrbhb acrjb`tbrceecs, jb`tbr i xduebr.

<4 Z&j li pcr e'btectdskc.

:6 'bgrbhb csjrdurc jirrcus i jbrtcs eebrgucs bes kcus bkdjs.

:2 2c`crbekc`t kc `'bhiì hc e'cxprcssd& d ces gcstis quc td`j b

eb jbrb.

:< ietcs vcgbhcs kc `'bhiì hc e'cxprcssd& d hces gcstis c` ebjbrb hces betrcs.

<1

:: :cji`cj ces kcus cstbts h'æ`dk ì ck jistb dhc`tdadjbr-eis.

:8 c `'bhiì hces cstbts h'æ`dk hc ecs pcrsi`cs bkl qud ck

trili.

:3 1k hiì jikptc hce quc ces betrcs pc`sc` hc kd.

"``c6 -

\csuetbts 54cstdi`brd D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs

<7

<>

"``c6 ,

Bjtdvdtbts D`tce.edg î ̀ jdcs K ÿ etdpecs (Jdjec hc e'Bdgub)

Bjtdvdtbt h'd`tce·edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs rcebjdi`bhb bkl ce jdjec hc e—bdgub

Qdsube/@bturbedstb

Bjtdvdtbt ce puzzec hce jdjec hc e'bdgub. Cs trbjtb hc acr, bkl jbrtied`cs, u`

puzzec hce jdjec hc e'bdgub.

B pbrtdr hce kbtcrdbe quc ces hi`ck (rituebhirs, jbrtied`cs d cstdsircs) cs

trbjtb hc acr u` puzzec hc <6 pcjcs silrc ce jdjec hc e'bdgub nukæ .

Md`cst î sdj/@bturbedstb

Bjtdvdtbt hc hdssc`y cxpcrdkc`tbe. Hdssc`ybr u` cxpcrdkc`t quc sdkued ce

jdjec hc e'bdgub.

Cs abræ scrvdr u`b peb`tb, pchrcs, sirrb, tcrrb, u` pit bkl bdgub (kdeeir

jbec t̀b) d u`b gbrrbab jik b kbtcrdbes. B pbrtdr h'bqu ë ces beuk`cs

nburb` hc scr jbpbçis hc ku`tbr e'cxpcrdkc t̀, prchdr d hcsjrdurc quî nd

pbssb c` rcebjdú bkl ce jdjec hc e'bdgub. Cs trbjtb h'd`trihudr bes beuk`cs

ecs abscs hce kî tihc jdc`t ë adj.

nttp?//www.yiutulc.jik/wbtjn9v;samcjR4q@ki&acbturc;rcebtch

Kusdjbe/Ed`g õë stdjb

Bjtdvdtbt hc jrcbjdú h'u`b jb`çú. Cs jrcbræ eb eectrb d eb kceihdb h'u`b

jb`çú quc pbred silrc ce jdjec hc e'bdgub rcebjdi`bt bkl ce ji`suk d

kbelbrbtbkc t̀ jik b rcjurs . Cs trbjtb quc ces beuk`cs bgbad̀

ji`sjdî`jdb silrc eb dkpirtæ`jdb hc e'bdgub.

nttp?//www.yiutulc.jik/wbtjn9v;svS_TKO@AWi&acbturc;rcebtch

Kbtck æ tdjb

Bjtdvdtbt silrc græadjs d ipcrbjdi`s "E'bdgub c` ces ässcr vdus". Zc'es hi`bræ

u`cs tbuecs silrc ces pcrjc`tbtgcs h'bdgub c` b`dkbes d vcgctbes d nburb`

hc ji`strudr ecs græadqucs jirrcspi`c`ts d acr jikpbrbjdi`s. Xbklä cs

peb`tcobrb` prileckcs silrc trb`spdrbjdú c` ces ässcrs vdus quc s'nburb`

hc rcsiehrc. Cs trbjtb quc ces beuk`cs c`tc`gud` eb dkpirtæ`jdb hc

e'bdgub c` ces ä sscrs vdus.

<4



D`tcrpcrsi`be

Bjtdvdtbt h'ceblirbjdú h'u`b c`trcvdstb. C` bqucstb bjtdvdtbt cs trbjtbræ

hc quc ces beuk`cs rchbjtd` u`b c`trcvdstb silrc ce jdjec hc e'bdgub c`

begu` hces scus bspcjtcs rcebjdi`bts bkl ce jedkb, eb scqucrb...

E'c`trcvdstb cs abræ b u`b pcrsi`b käs grb` (u` priacssir, u` pbrc, u`

bvd...) d scrvdræ pcr c`tc`hrc jik nb vbrdbt ce jdjec hc e'bdgub c` ecs

hbrrcrcs hîjbhcs. Cs trbjtbræ hc rcebjdi`br-ni bkl ce jb`vd jedkæ tdj.

D`trbpcrsi`be

Bjtdvdtbt "Ces si`s hc e'bdgub". Ces beuk`cs nburb` hc trclbeebr pcr pbrceecs

d sc'es hi`bræ u` c`rcgdstrbkc`t i` csjietbrb` hdacrc`ts si`s hc e'bdgub.

Cees nburb` hc hcsjrdurc qud`cs sc`sbjdi`s ces prihucdxc` d b qud`b absc

hce jdjec e'bssijdc`.

:6

Bjtdvdtbt D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb Kbtck æ tdjb.

E'bdgub äs ce jikpi`c`t käs blu`hb`t hc eb kbtîrdb vdvb. Äs prcsc`t

c` tits ces ässcrs vdus d rcprcsc`tb, jik b tcrkc kdtoæ, ce 76% hce scu pcs.

C` ecs tbuecs scgõc`ts pits bprcjdbr ce pcrjc`tbtgc h'bdgub c` hdacrc`ts

b`dkbes d vcgctbes.

Vcrjc`tbtgc h'bdgub c` ces b`dkbes Vcrjc`tbtgc h'bdgub c` ces

vcgctbes

B`dkbe Vcrjc`tbtgc Qcgctbe Vcrjc`tb

tgc

Kchusb 41% Begucs 4>%

Jbrbgie >6% ^bkpd`yú 42%

D`scjtc 7<% Vbstb`bgb >7%

Ässcr nukæ 17% Beabes 73%

C` ce jbs hc e'csscr nukæ, ce pcrjc`tbtgc h'bdgub tbklä vbrdb c` ces

hdvcrsis ürgb`s hce jis.

Ürgb` Vcrjc`tbtgcJcrvcee >3%

Zb`g 74%

Kÿsjues 73%

Actgc 76%

Issis <<%

Hc`ts 26%

E'bdgub quc airkb pbrt hces ässcrs vdus äs utdedtzbhb pcr hur b tcrkc ecsau`jdi`s vdtbes, hc kb`crb quc cstæ c` ji`t ë ̀ ub rc`ivbjdú. Vcr bdxü, ces

ässcrs vdus `cjcssdtc` u`b bpirtbjdú ji`t ë ̀ ub h'bdgub d cedkd`br bdgub b

e'cxtcrdir ji`stb`tkc`t.

Brb vcurck jik ces b`dkbes d ces vcgctbes d`jirpirc` b e'd`tcrdir hce scu

irgb`dskc e'bdgub quc `cjcssdtc`, d bkl qud`s kcjb`dskcs e'cedkd`c`.

:2

E'BDGSB C@ CEZ ÄZZC\ QDSZ

B`dkbes Qcgctbes

Ces b`dkbes eb d`jirpirc ̀lcvc`t i

lä e'iltc`c` b pbrtdr hc e'bdgub

ji`td`guhb c` ces bedkc`ts süedhs

quc d`gcrcdxc`.

Eb pîrhub h'bdgub cs prihucdx

ai`bkc`tbekc`t bkl e'ird̀ b, eb

rcspdrbjdú d eb trb`spdrbjdú (suir).

Ces vcgctbes eb d`jirpirc ̀ c`

blsirldr, b trbväs hc ecs brrces,

e'bdgub quc ji`tä ce süe.

Eb pîrhub h'bdgub cs huu b tcrkc

pcr kdtoæ hc eb trb`spdrbjdú.

2. Acs u` græadj hc lbrrcs jikpbrbtdu hce pcrjc`tbtgc h'bdgub c` ces

hdacrc`ts ürgb`s hce jis d u` hdbgrbkb hc scjtirs hce pcrjc`tbtgc

h'bdgub c` ces b`dkbes, scgi`s ecs hbhcs hc ecs tbuecs b`tcrdirs.

:<

BJXDQDXBX!!!

<. C` eb tbueb scgõc`t cs rcjueec` ecs hbhcs hc eb pîrhub h'bdgub pcr

trb`spdrbjdú c` u`b peb`tb c` hdvcrscs ji`hdjdi`s h'nukdtbt.

Xrb`spdrbjdú

(kE/nirb)

6 6,3 2 < 7 26 27 <2

Nukdtbt () 4> 46 >6 76 36 86 :6 <6

b) \cprcsc`tb c` u` græadj hc lbrrcs ecs hbhcs hc eb tbueb b`tcrdir.

l) ¹Vihrdcs hdr jik bacjtb eb nukdtbt b eb trb`spdrbjdú hc ecs peb`tcs9

j) Ecs peb`tcs hces lisjis tripdjbes tc`c` u`cs aueecs kiet grb`s. ¹Xd`hræ

bqucstb jbrbjtcr ë stdjb begu`b rcebjdú bkl eb trb`spdrbjdú h'bqucstcs

peb`tcs9

h) ¹Ruî sujccdx bkl eb trb`spdrbjdú qub` eb nukdtbt äs hce 4>%9

Jik pits vcurc, ces ässcrs vdus quc vduc` be kchd tcrrcstrc, prcsc`tc`

bhbptbjdi`s quc ces pcrkctc` rchudr be k ë ̀ dk ecs pîrhucs h'bdgub d

silrcvdurc c` u` kchd scj.

Begu`cs bhbptbjdi`s hces b`dkbes c` ce kchd tcrrcstrc sú`?

- \cjilrdr-sc h'u`b jbpb hc pcee dkpcrkcblec.

- Cs rchucdx be k ë ̀ dk e'bdgub pcrhuhb c` e'ird`b.

- Cs rchucdx be k ë ̀ dk e'bdgub pcrhuhb pcr suir.

- Ces cklrdi`s cs rcjilrcdxc` hc eb scquctbt bkl

u`b jeisjb pritcjtirb (ius).

- Betrcs b`dkbes cs pritcgcdxc` hd`trc hce tcrrb ad`s

e'brrdlbhb hc ecs peugcs.

::

Begu`cs bhbptbjdi`s hces vcgctbes pcr b silrcvdurc c` kchds scjs sú`?

- Bjukuec` bdgub b e'd`tcrdir hc ecs tdocs d ecs

aueecs.- Ecs scvcs aueecs prcsc t̀c` kiets pijs

cstikcs.

- Ecs aueecs cs rchucdxc` ad`s b ji`vcrtdr-sc c`

begu`s jbsis c` cspd`cs.

- Ecs brrces s'cxtc`c` d priau`hdtzc` c` ce

tcrrc`y pcr bji`scgudr bdgub hce sulsüe.

Ce lbeb`ç h'bdgub c` e'nikc.

Zd kcsurck, hurb`t u` hdb, ce lbeb`ç h'bdgub h'u` bhuet cs vcu quc nd nb

u` D@G\ÄZ hdbrd h'u`s <366 kE. Bqucstb xdarb `i äs, cvdhc`tkc`t, adxb ob

quc hcpî` hces nældts hc e'd`hdvdhu d cs pihc` hcsgeissbr hc eb scgõc`t

kb`crb?

Bdgub lcguhb 2<66 kE/hdb

Bdgub hces bedkc`ts 2666 kE/hdb

Bdgub kctblüedjb (quc prihucdx ce

pripd jis)

:66 kE/hdb

Hc eb kbtcdxb kb`crb, bqucst d`gräs cs vcu jikpc`sbt pcr u`b VÎ\HSB

h'bdgub hce kbtcdx vbeir (<366 kE/hdb), quc cs prihucdx hc eb scgõc`t

airkb?

:8

BJXDQDXBX!!!

Ird`b d cxjrckc`ts 2166 kE/hdb

Beî >66 kE/hdb

Zuir (trb`spdrbjdú) hc 6 b < i : edtrcs pcr NI\B

Brb, c` rcebjdú bkl bqucstcs hbhcs, us pripisck ce scgõc`t

prileckb...

C` Oib`, quc äs u` cspirtdstb kiet bjtdu, vb jbhb hdkcjrcs, hc sds b vudt

hc eb tbrhb, b acr ouhi be gdk`æs hc e'Csjieb Vdb Zb`t B`ti`d. @irkbekc`t

sub kiet, d eb scvb pîrhub h'bdgub pcr trb`spdrbjdú äs hc 723 kE/nirb.

Rub` brrdlb b jbsb, eb scvb kbrc ed tä prcpbrbhb u`b li`b sipb hc

vcgctbes (::3 kE) d u`b pikb hc pistrc (<66 g). Hcspräs, cs vb bji``cjtbr be xbt pcr pbrebr bkl e'Beec` d e'Irdie ad`s quc sú` his qubrts hc

hcu, cs lcu u` git hc eect bkl Jieb-Jbi (<83 kE) d sc'` vb b hirkdr

h'nirb pcr cstbr lc` hcspcrt pcr eb jebssc hce kbt ë .

2. Acu u`b tbueb h'd`gräs h'bdgub hdbrd hce Oib` tc`d`t c` jikptc ecs

scgõc`ts ji`sdhcrbjdi`s?

- Eb pikb tä u` >3% h'bdgub.

- Eb eect tä u` >>% h'bdgub.

- Æpbts b`tcrdirs? 2666 kE h'bdgub

- Bdgub lcguhb hurb`t ce hdb? 726 kE- Bdgub kctblüedjb? <66 kE

Bdgub lcguhb

Bdgub hces bedkc`ts

Bdgub kctblüedjb (quc prihucdx ce

pripd jis)

<. Acu u`b tbueb hc ecs pîrhucs h'bdgub hce Oib` hurb`t ce hdb tc`d`t c`jikptc ecs hbhcs hc eb tbueb b`tcrdir d eb pîrhub pcr suir hce gdk`æs.

Ird`b d cxjrckc`ts 2166 kE/hdb

Beî >66 kE/hdb

Zuir hurb`t ce gdk`æs

:3

:. Jrcdcu quc ed jbe lcurc bdgub blb`s h'b`br b hirkdr9 Rub`ts gits ed

jbehrb` sd c` jbhb git nd jbp <66 kE h'bdgub9

:1



Bjtdvdtbt D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb Qdsube/@bturbedstb.

B ad hc pihcr utdedtzbr e'bdgub, ces nukb`s kihdadquck ce pbdsbtgc hc

e'bdgub? jbptck e'bdgub h'cklbssbkc`ts, eebjs d bqõë acrs, eb trbjtck pcr

bji`scgudr `dvcees hc qubedtbt üptdks d eb ji`hu é k ad`s brrdlbr b tits ces

usubrds. S` jip utdedtzbhb eb hcpurck d eb rctir`ck be kchd c` ecs

ji`hdjdi`s bhcqubhcs pcr b scr rcutdedtzbhb.

2.Visb `ik bes hdacrc`ts ceckc`ts quc airkc` pbrt hces prijcssis sijdbes

h'blbstbkc`t d sb`cobkc`t h'bdgub.

:7

Ces prijcssis sijdbes d ce jdjec nukæ hc e'bdgub



C` eb jbrtied`b HD@B8 quc us hi`ck, acu ce hdludx hce jdjec hc e'bdgubnukæ quc bjblcu hc jikpectbr d rctbeecu-ei c` pcjcs pcr acr-`c u`

trc`jbjeisqucs.

D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb D`tcrpcrsi`be

CE JB@QD JEDKÆXDJ

6. Irgb`dtzck-ìs

:>

Zckprc nb peigut hc eb kbtcdxb kb`crb9B`ck b hcsjilrdr quî c` pc`sb eb gc`t grb`!!

Eb qub`tdtbt hc prcjdpdtbjdi`s (peuob, `cu...) d, c` gc`crbe, ce jedkb ì

nb` cstbt sckprc ces kbtcdxis, `d nb cstbt dgube b tit brrcu. Äs ce quc

s'bìkc`b ce jb`vd jedkætdj. Vcr sblcr jik nb jb`vdbt ce jedkb c` ces

hbrrcrs 36 b`ys, prcgu`tbrck b begu`b pcrsi`b grb`, u` bvd, u`

priacssir, u` vc ë ... Blb`s h'b`br b pbrebr bkl eb gc`t grb`

prcpbrbrck hi`js u`b c`trcvdstb.

Hcspräs hc acr e'c`trcvdstb rcjieedrck ecs rcspistcs d ce quc nck bprîs c`

u`b prcsc`tbjdú d e'cxpisbrck bes jikpb`ys hc eb jebssc.

Viscu-vis c`grup d jikc`jcub pc`sbr jikceblirbrcue'c`trcvdstb dqud`cs

prcgu`tcs abrcu.

Brb pc`scu bkl begu`―priac‛ i pcrsi`b grb` b ebquc us sckled d`tcrcssb`tprcgu`tbr-ed silrc jik crb cejedkb qub` crb oivc.

X\C@RSCK-@IZ EB JEIZJB!!

2.Hdssc`yck e—c`trcvdstb.

Vcr b acr ce hdssc`y hc e—c`trcvdstb pihcu pbrtdr hce scgõc`t gudú.

\cjirhcu quc bdxü ìkäs äs u` gudú, pcr tb`t us bouhbræ b pc`sbr

prcgu`tcs, pcrü ì vie hdr quc e—nbgucu hc scgudr pu`t pcr pu`t.

Xd`gucu c` jikptc quc c` bqucstb bjtdvdtbt ce quc vieck sblcr äs jik

nb jb`vdbt ce jedkb be eebrg hces b`ys, äs b hdr, sd brb peiu käs i kc`ys, sd

ab käs jbeir brb quc blb`s, ctj.

S` pissdlec gudú pit scr ce scgõc`t

• Vrdkcrb pbrt? Vrcsc`tbjdú hce "priac" i pcrsi`b grb`, i` vb `ädxcr,

i` vb vdurc (pilec, jdutbt...)

• Zcgi`b pbrt? Jik crb ce jedkb h'blb`s, peivdb käs9 acdb käs

arch9...• Xcrjcrb pbrt? Ruî c` pc`sb cee/b silrc jik nb vbrdbt ce jedkb c`

ces ÿetdks b`ys d quî c` pc`sb hce jb`vd jedk æ tdj .

<.Gudú pcr ceblirbr ce ViwcrVid̀ t

Rub` ob nbgucu act e—c`qucstb b eb pcrsi`b grb`, ncu hc prcpbrbr u`b

prcsc`tbjdú c` ViwcrVid`t pcr cxpisbr-eb hbvb`t eb jebssc, h—bqucstb

kb`crb tits pihrcu vcurc quî c` pc`sb eb gc`t grb` silrc ce jb`vd

jedk æ tdj .

B ji`tdùbjdú tc`du u` pctdt gudú pcr ceblirbr ce ViwcrVid`t, bqucst nb

hc tc`dr u`b cxtc`sdú kæxdkb hc 3 hdbpisdtdvcs, d nb hc scrvdr pcr pihcr

cxpedjbr bes vistrcs jikpb`ys ecs dhccs prd̀ jdpbes quc ncu cxtrct hc

e—c`trcvdstb.

S`b pissdlec hdstrdlujdú hc eb prcsc`tbjdú pihrdb scr eb scgõc`t, bdxü ì

vie hdr quc nbgd hc scr cstrdjtbkc`t bdx ë .

Hdbpisdtdvb 2? Vrcsc`tbjdú hce priac i pcrsi`b grb`, s—nd pit

d`jeiurc u`b aitigrbadb sd viecu.

Hdbpisdtdvb <? Jik vb scr eb scvb dàb`tcsb/oivc`tut c` rcebjdú b eb

peuob d ce tckps.

Hdbpisdtdvb :? Jik vbeirb cee/b ces jb`vds quc nd nb nbgut c`

rcebjdú be jedkb d ecs peugcs.

Hdbpisdtdvb 8? Ji`jeusdi`s, quî `—ncu bprîs visbetrcs hce quc us

nb` pigut cxpedjbr.

Eb hdbpisdtdvb hc ji`jeusdi`s äs iledgbtürdb

:4



:.Cxpisdjdú irbe

C` e—cxpisdjdú irbe cs vbeirbræ quc us nbgucu prcpbrbt e—cxpisdjdú, quc

`i nbgucu h—dkprivdsbr, quc pbrecu b pij b pij d jebr. Xbklä cs td`hræ

c` jikptc quc tits ces kcklrcs hce grup pbrecu käs i kc`ys ce kbtcdx

tckps.

86



Bjtdvdtbt D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb md`cst î sdjb/`bturbedstb

Jik ni abr ë cu9

Ncu hc hdssc`ybr, scgud`t ce hdludx, u`

cxpcrdkc`t i` cs rcprihucdxd ce jdjec hc

e'bdgub. Vcr bqucst kitdu us hi`ck ce

scgõc`t kbtcrdbe?

- bkpieeb i gcrrb hc peæstdj

-tcrrb, grbvb d sirrb

-peb`tb-git bkl bdgub

Vcr rcbedtzbr-ei jirrcjtbkc`t, äs dkpirtb`t tc`dr c` jikptc ecs hdacrc`ts

abscs hce k î tihc jdc`t ë adj ?

2.Ilscrvbjdú

Ilscrvcu ce jdjec hc e'bdgub hce hdludx d vcdcu quc cstæ airkbt, jik vbk

hdr b jebssc, hc hdacrc`ts abscs. Jikpbrcu ces ceckc`ts hce hdludx bkl ce

kbtcrdbe quc tc`du. C` quî s'bsscklec`9

82

CE JDJEC HC E'BDGSB C@ S@B BKVIEEB

<.Ceblirbjdú h'ndpütcsds

S`b absc kiet dkpirtb t̀ hce kîtihc jdc`t ë adj äs eb prchdjjdú i

e'ceblirbjdú h'u`b ndpütcsd, äs b hdr, prchdr quî jrcdck quc pbssbræ.

@irkbekc`t jikc`jc` pcr pitscr ...

Vcr cxckpec?

Vitscr eb peb`tb trb`spdrb d cs airkb vbpir h'bdgub...

Acs ndpütcsds c` rcebjdú be kbtcrdbe quc tc`s d ce jdjec hc e'bdgub quc tc`s

be hdludx?

:. Cxpcrdkc`tbjdú i hdssc`y cxpcrdkc`tbe

Bkl ce kbtcrdbe quc tc`du ncu hc hdssc`ybr u`b cxpcrdî`jdb quc

s'bssckled be hdludx d quc sdkued ce jdjec hc e'bdgub... S` jip ce td`gucu act,

ncu h'ilscrvbr quî pbssb d sd s'bjikpecdxc` ecs vistrcs ndpütcsds. C` ce jbs

quc ì surtd, vie hdr quc ce hdssc`y ì s'nb act jirrcjtbkc`t i quc ecs

ndpütcsds crc` d`jirrcjtcs...

8. Ceblirbjdú h'u`b tcirdb.

S` jip s'nb jikprivbt quc ecs

ndpütcsds sú` jirrcjtcs, cs pit ceblirbr

u`b tcirdb quc cxpedqud ces ac`ükc`s

quc ncu vdst. C` ce ìstrc jbs, ce kihce

i tcirdb äs ce hce jdjec hc e'bdgub.

8<



Acu u`b lrcu hcsjrdpjdú hce jdjec hc e'bdgub b pbrtdr hc ecs ndpütcsds d hc

ecs ilscrvbjdi`s hce vistrc hdssc`y cxpcrdkc`tbe?

Vcr käs d`airkbjdú, pihcu ji`suetbr ce scgõc`t v ë hci?

nttp?//www.yiutulc.jik/wbtjn9v;samcjR4q@ki&acbturc;rcebtch

8:



Bjtdvdtbt D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb Kusdjbe/Ed`g õë stdjb

E'bdgub äs u` hces rcjursis käs cxpeitbts pcr ecs pcrsi`cs, ob quc

jikprî` u` grb` vc`tbee h'usis d h'bjtdvdtbts. Brb lä, jbe tc`dr kiet

prcsc`t quc bqucst rcjurs tb` bprcjdbt äs, benirb, kiet edkdtbt. Ecs

ji`hdjdi`s jedkætdqucs ab` quc eb hdstrdlujdú hc ecs peugcs brrcu hce

peb`ctb sdgud kiet hcsdgube. Bdx ë hi`js, e'bdgub cshcvä u` lä kiet csjæs d

kbe hdstrdlu é t b tit ce peb`ctb. Vcr bdxü äs kiet dkpirtb`t quc `i eb

kbegbstck d c` ack u` ÿs rbjdi`be bkl e'ilocjtdu hc trilbr u` cqudedlrd

quc pcrkctd ce hcsc`vieupbkc`t hc ecs pcrsi`cs c` nbrki`db bkl ces

rcjursis `bturbes.

88

CZXBEQD HC E'BDGSB



83

BJXDQDXBX!!!

Brb us ncu hc rcu`dr tits pecgbts d cs trbjtb hc acr

u`b jb`çú silrc e'ÿs d ce kbelbrbtbkc`t hce'bdgub quc ack c` eb `istrb vdhb quitdhdb`b. Acu

scrvdr ecs bjjdi`s b`tcrdirs pcr ceblirbr eb eectrb

hc eb jb`çú d d`vc`tcu-vis u`b kceihdb quc vbgd

lä bkl eb eectrb.



Bjtdvdtbt D`tce.edg î ̀ jdb d`trbpcrsi`be

Bou`tcu-vis pcr pbrceecs d csjietcu

e'c`rcgdstrbkc`t si`ir quc us pisbrck...

Ruî us suggcrcdxc` ces hdacrc`ts si`s9 Xc`c` begu`b rcebjdú bkl ce jdjec

hc e'bdgub9

Ruî sc`tdu9 qud`s sc`tdkc`s us suggcrcdxc` bqucsts si`s9

81

CEZ ZI@Z HC E'BDGSB



Ces pihr ë cu bssijdbr b begu`b ctbpb hce jdjec hc e'bdgub9

Vihr ë cu hcsjrdurc, b trbväs hces si`s, ce trbocjtc quc ab u`b gitb h'bdgub

c` ce jdjec9

Vcr rcprihudr e'c`rcgdstrbkc`t bhrcjcu-vis be wcl scgõc`t?

nttp?//www.yiutulc.jik/wbtjn9v;uhYZ37V876S&acbturc;rcebtch

87



Bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb

8>



84



36



32

"``c6 H

\ÿrdjb iscrvbjdú bjtdvdtbt gc`îrdjb

Bspcjtcs Aeudx2

Bjjcptblec<

Lä:

Cxjce·ec`t8

Vu`tubjdú

Jiipcrbjdú d`dvcee hc trclbeehc grup

i!äs pbrt hcegrup s"#bd!pedjbt$

%ubsd tits s"#b`d!pedjbt d #b`ji!pectbt ecsscvcs tbs&ucs$

'its #b`jie·eblirbt c` cegrup( tit d &uc bhd)crc`ts`dvcees$

'it ce grup s"#bd!pedjbt c` cetrclbee hc )ir!bsd!debr$

<(<*

Bpirtbjdi`sd`hdvdhubes

i )bbpirtbjdi`s d cs!istrb hdstrct dpbssdu$

Ab pi&ucsbpirtbjdi`s d ce`dvcee hcjie$eblirbjdú äslbdx$

Ab bpirtbjdi`s djie$eblirbìr!be!c`t$

Ab bpirtbjdi`srceecvb`ts djie$eblirbbjtdvb!c`t$

<(*

Bjtdtuh gc`crbeb jebssc

i !b`täe"btc`jdú dd`tcrri!pji`t+ùb!c`t

,istrb pijbbtc̀ jdú( xcrrbb!l cesji!pb`-s

.rbu h"btc`jdúbhc&ubt drcspcjtb cerdt!c hc eb

jebssc$

,istrb btc`jdú dd`tcr/s$ Abbpirtbjdi s̀ dprcgu`tcs

rceecvb`ts

<(*

\ÿrdjb iscrvbjdú bjtdvdtbts DK

Bspcjtcs Aeudx2

Bjjcptblec<

Lä:

Cxjce·ec`t8

Vu`tubjdú

Jiipcrbjdú d`dvcee hc trclbeehc grup

i!äs pbrt hcegrup s"#bd!pedjbt$

%ubsd tits s"#b`d!pedjbt d #b`ji!pectbt ecsscvcs tbs&ucs$

'its #b`jie·eblirbt c` cegrup( tit d &uc bhd)crc`ts`dvcees$

'it ce grup s"#bd!pedjbt c` cetrclbee hc )ir!bsd!debr$

<(*6

Bpirtbjdi`sd`hdvdhubes begrup

i )bbpirtbjdi`s d cs!istrb hdstrct dpbssdu$

Ab pi&ucsbpirtbjdi`s d ce`dvcee hcjie$eblirbjdú äslbdx$

Ab bpirtbjdi`s djie$eblirbìr!be!c`t$

Ab bpirtbjdi`srceecvb`ts djie$eblirbbjtdvb!c`t$

<(28

Bjtdtuh gc`crbeb jebssc

i !b`täe"btc`jdú dd`tcrri!pji`t+ùb!c`t

,istrb pijbbtc̀ jdú( xcrrbb!l cesji!pb`-s

.rbu h"btc`jdúbhc&ubt drcspcjtb cerdt!c hc ebjebssc$

,istrb btc`jdú dd`tcr/s$ Abbpirtbjdi s̀ dprcgu`tcsrceecvb`ts

<(

\ÿrdjb iscrvbjdú bjtdvdtbt hc prcsc`tbjdú DKD`hdjbhir? #ebirbjdú prcsc`tbjdú 8pu`tubjdú h'0 b A3

`tce$edg/`jdb.rup

,usdjbe3d`g1+stdjb2

,usdjbe3d`g1+stdjb<

,btc!7tdjb >dsube t̀crpcrsi`be t̀rbpcrsi`be Jd̀ cst/sdjb

Vu`tubjdú : : : 4 2 2 <

3<

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?`trcvdstb b e$Fec 9beb> jiir#d̀ b#ir #ce B!&D% #urb`t ce jurs <L22+<L2<>kckrc #c e$c6udp #drcjtdu #c e$D`stdtut ,rcu #c 9bb Jjiir#d`b#ir #c pricjtcsHd butir #ce prigrbkb 9&,9.

0. 5ud`b /s pcr b vistî eb grb` bpirtbjdú hc ecs DK b e'chujbjdú;

Ms u` ìu kihce h'btc`jdú b eb hdvcrsdtbt$ 6uc cèeij hc bsbr2sc ìk/s c`b`br b<ustb`t ces `dvcees be kb<ir i kcìr grbu hc e'beuk`c$ ce 6uc b /shdvcrsddjbr eb kb`crb h'iscrvbr ces beuk`cs d hi`br2eis2:d k/s ipirtu`dtbtsh'cjce.eî`jdb 6uc e'c`sc`bkc`t ji`vc`jdi`be? ì ìk/s hc rcir=$ sd`ú tbk/h'cjce.eî`jdb.

. !cr6uî vb` hcjdhdr h'bpedjbr b6ucstb tcirdb hc ecs DK be scu jc`trc;

Ms u`b cstrbtîgdb hc eeudtbr ji`trb ce rbjæs csjiebr$ /s b hdr$ eb grb` kitdvbjdú/s rchudr ce rbjæs csjiebr 6uc bjtubekc`t /s gbdrc/ h'u` tcr=.

J. Bes pricssirs hce jc`trc ces vb bgrbhbr eb d d̀jdbtdvb h'bpedjbr b6ucstbkctihieigdb;

#` gc`crbe$ :ck tribt 6uc b gbdrc/ tit ce pricssirbt tric` ce tckbd`tcrcssb`t d ces bgrbhb$ ì istb`t :d :b e'bjirh 6uc /s hd,jde h'bpedjbr drc6ucrcd prcpbrbjdú.

A. #es pricssirs :b` rcut irkbjdú;

Z,$ <b /s ce 6ubrt b` 6uc cs b u` prigrbkb hc irkbjdú d`tcgrbt be jc`trc dcspcj,dj h'd`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs

G. Eb` kihddjbt ce jurr,juek pcr pihcr hcsc`vieupbr kdeeir b6ucstbkctihieigdb; %ik;

Z,$ :ck d`trihut hucs jiscs ìvcs 6uc sú` eb suprcssdú hc ecs iptbtdvcsji`vc`jdi`bes pcr pihcr trcbeebr pcr pri<cjtcs d hcspr/s eb d`trihujjdú hc ebdgurb hc e'beuk`c 6uc surt hc jebssc pcr b cr pri<cjtcs cspcj,djs. @iehr,ck cr

k/s kihddjbjdi`s pcr> hc kikc`t ì c`s :i pcrkct eb ìrkbtdvb.N. !cr 6uî /s i pit scr k/s sdg`ddjbtdu u` bprc`c`tbtgc pcr e'beuk`c sd utdedt*becs DK c` ce scu bprc`c`tbtgc;

-b kb`crb 6uc t/ e'beuk`c hc rcrc eb dìrkbjdú /s k/s ckijdi`be$ c` cesc`tdt 6uc cs vcu k/s dkpedjbt c` eb prcsb hc hcjdsdi`s. #` ce prij/sh'bprc`c`tbtgc$ pcr6uî u`jdi`d$ :d :b h':bvcr u` d`djd d u` d ckijdi`be. &`c`sc`bkc`t u`dhdrcjjdi`be$ i` e'beuk`c ì pbrtdjdpb d e'bprc`c`tbtgc ì /ssdg`ddjbtdu. Ci :d :b bprc`c`tbtgc sd ì :d :b u` pcr 6uî$ d b6ucst /s sckprcckijdi`be. !cr tb`t$ e'ÿ`djb irkb h'dkpedjbr b e'beuk`c /s 6uc pbrtdjdpd d

3:

hcjdhcdd c` ce prij/s h'bprc`c`tbtgc.

O. 5ud`b bjtdtuh tc`c` ces beuk`cs c`vcrs b6ucstb kctihieigdb hc trcbee;

-'bjtdtuh /s kiet pisdtdvb. Ed :b beuk`cs 6uc :b` rctribt ce scu sc`tdt h'cstbrc` ce jc`trc b trbv/s hce pri<cjtc i hce rcji`cdckc`t 6uc sc'es b. 5ub` u`beuk`c hcstbjtb c` begu` bspcjtc ce jc t̀rc s'ijupb 6uc td̀ gud u`rcji`cdckc`t pÿedj d sdgud ji`cgut pcr eb jiku`dtbt.

L. D`eucd c` eb scvb kitdvbjdú;

%rcdck 6uc kiet. Ci tits pcr dgube$ pcr> c` gc`crbe eb kitdvbjdú hc e'beuk`bt /ssupcrdir 6ub` s'bpedjb b6ucstb kctihieigdb.

. 5ud`b /s e'bjjcptbjdú pcr pbrt hces pbrcs d kbrcs hc jie.ecgd c`vcrs b6ucstbkctihieigdb hc trcbee;

Zckprc :b cstbt kiet pisdtdvb$ cspcjdbekc`t pcr pbrt hc e'BK!B 6uc :i :btribt jik u` vbeir bcgdt hce jc`trc c` pisdtdu.

0. #s pihrdb cebirbr u` !%% 8!ri<cjtc jurrdjuebr hc jc`trc3 6uc pbrtcddh'b6ucstb kctihieigdb hc trcbee;

Cisbetrc tc`dk ce pri<cjtc hc jc`trc b trbv/s h'b6ucstb kctihieigdb. B6ucstkbrj tc>rdj tc e'bvb`tbtgc 6uc$ b pbrtdr h'cee$ 6uchc` <ustddjbts u`b sîrdch'bjtubjdi`s jik e'ÿs hc ecs +D%.

00. %ik :burdb hc scr u` bhc6ubt c`tir` h'bueb;

Eburdb hc scr bhbptbt b eb pcrsi`b$ /s b hdr$ u`b bueb :burdb hc tc`dr u`bcstrujturb kiet hdcrc`t b e'bueb trbhdjdi`b d :burdb hc pcrkctrc ce trcbee pcrrbji`s i pcr ækdts$ /s b hdr$ i` :d :bgu/s beuk`cs c`t jiscs hdcrc`ts c` cekbtcd kikc`t.

38

?`trcvdstb b &rbjced *c`#rcee> rcspi`sbec #ce #cpbrtbkc`t #c jiku`djbjd #ce,ie.ecgd %i`tscrrbt

0ud`b s pcr vistî eb grb` bpirtbjd #c ecs D% b e$c#ujbjd;

Ms u`b prcgu`tb kiet gc`îrdjb pcr6uî ìsbetrcs ck jursis bùbes pcepricssirbt i` ces irkck c` ecs DK. Cisbetrcs tc`dk u` eedrc hc eb Ki`tscrrbthce !i*i sirc 6uî sú` ecs DK d jik s'bped6uc` b e'bueb. B k/s pcr ìsbetrcs$ecs DK vb` scr u` pbs k/s cèeæ hc trcbeebr bk e'cstdkuebjdú prdkcrc`jb c``bhi`s$ <b 6uc c` e'ctbpb d`b`tde ce ìrkbe hcsc`vieupbkc t̀ hc ecs buecs súècs DK c` bjjdú hcs h'u`b pcrspcjtdvb geibe. -cs rcedgdiscs hce jc`trc :bvdc`ct u` jurs bk ce EiRbrh 1brh`cr d 6ub` b6ucst vb vc`dr be jie.ecgd c`s vbprcgu`tbr jik :bv,ck ct pcr bpedjbr ecs DK c` ces pri<cjtcs hc jikprc`sdú$pcr6uî ce 6uc ìsbetrcs ck /s trcbeebr b bsc hc pri<cjtcs hc jikprc`sdú.-ebvirs cee cs vb bhi`br 6uc ìsbetrcs vie hdr 6uc$ 6ub` cstæs

trcbeeb`t u` pri<cjtc bk e'beuk`c$ ce trcbeecs bk DK d 6ub` cstæs hdssc`b`tces i<cjtdus hc jikprc`sdú 6uc vies 6uc ces beuk`cs bh6udrcdd`$ ecs bjtdvdtbts/s 6ub` b6ucstcs ecs peb`tcgcs bk hdcrc`ts DK d /s ce ct hc trcbeebr hckb`crcs hdcrc`ts eb kbtcdb jisb ct pirtc` b eb jikprc`sdú hce ji`jcptc.

4ebvirs u` kbtcd beuk`bt trcbeeb titcs ecs D% c` u` kbtcd pricjtc...

Z,$ titcs ecs DK. Cisbetrcs ì ck 6uc b6ucee beuk`c 6uc cstæ k/s hitbt bk ebjd̀ cstîsdjb7jirpirbe :i bjd cjeusdvbkc`t c` b6uceeb. %rcj 6uc ce grb`bvb`tbtgc hc ecs DK /s 6uc ct pcrkct 6uc jbhbsjÿ$ c` u`jdú hc ecs scvcshdcrc`ts :bdedtbts$ pugud brrdbr b eb jikprc`sdú h'bee> 6uc t'd`tcrcssb jik bpricssir d 6uc :i bjd gbuhd`t hc e'bprc`c`tbtgc$ /s b hdr$ 6uc be d`be h'u`pri<cjtc jbhb beuk`c t/ scgurbkc`t hdcrc`ts kb`crcs h':bvcr2:i ct pcr>tit:ik :buræ hcsc`vieupbt titcs ecs DK$ pcr6uî sd ì$ pcrh rd6ucsb. Ci cs bpu`tubekc`t. B vcgbhcs ecs DK cs b`bedt*c`$ /s b hdr$ pcr cckpec$ ebD`tce.edgî`jdb Kusdjbe ì /s cr u`b jb`=ú$ eb D`tce.edgî`jdb %d`cstîsdjb ì /s6uc sbetd` trcs sbets. Bd> ì cs pit b`bedt*br? cs trbjtb hc cr u`b bjtdvdtbtpc`sbhb d prigrbkbhb hc kb`crb 6uc$ pcr cckpec$ c` e'#Z9$ b trbv/s hc ebkÿsdjb 6uc s'csjietbvb c` ces jbkps hc ji`jc`trbjdú `b*ds c`tc`gud 6uî /s ce`b*dskc. Bd> ì /s jb`tbr u`b jb`=ú. &` betrc cckpec? <i hiì jebsscs hceec`gub d u` pri<cjtc pihrdb scr brrdbr b c`tc`hrc eb picsdb b trbv/s hc trcbeebr

eb jrcbjdú brt,stdjb. #stæs cpedjb`t picsdb hce scgec (( d :i bs b trbv/s hc ecsvb`tgubrhcs$ hc eb kÿsdjb$ hc e'brt.. Ms hi`br2ed b e'beuk`c k/s rcjursis pcr6uîsdgud jbpb= h'c`tc`hrc2:i.

Ci (c ct eb d`tcrvc`jd #d`trc #$u` jie.ecgd c` 6uc ì cs trcbeeb bk b6ucstbkcti#ieigdb. ?es beuk`cs (b` #$bprc`#rc b trcbeebr bdë #cs #c pctdts i scspi`tb`d;

#spi`tb`d ì :d :b rcs$ tit s':b hc prcpbrbr. +u ì pits brrdbr b u` bueb d hdr?"Brb bdg DK". Bd> ì u`jdi`b. +it cstæ kiet trcbeebt prîvdbkc`t d bd> cs bhcs h'u` pri<cjtc hc jikprc`sdú. Ms eb bsc c` 6uî cs hctcrkd`b 6uî :b

33

h'bprc`hrc e'beuk`c d jik :i :b h'bprc`hrc. \c6ucrcd u` prigrbkb kiethctbeebt d s':b hc cr u`b peb`ddjbjdú hce tckps bjurbhb$ :bs hc peb`ddjbr cetckps 6uc ct hurbræ c` u`b$ hucs i trcs sctkb`cs$ 6ud`cs bjtdvdbts$ ce scuirhrc. Bd> jikpirtb tbk/ 6uc e'cvbeubjdú hce pri<cjtc :b hc scr hdcrc`t$pcr6uî ct tribræs u`b sîrdc h'bjtdvdtbts hdcrc`ts d eb ìtb d`be e'cstbedræs c`

bjbbr tit ce pri<cjtc sc`jcr$ i` :d pit :bvcr u` cbkc` be kdg...

4$bvbeubjd s ji`tëùb #i`js...

Z,$ e'bvbeubjdú /s ji`t,ùb. #e vbeir d`be ì pit scr ce trcbeebr tit pcr DK$prcsc`tbr kietcs bjtdvdtbts hces `c`s d 6uc hcspr/s :i rchucdds tit b e'cbkc`trbhdjdi`be i` cs trbjtb h'bprc`hrc hce tckb u` be tckb 6ubtrc hce eedrc d ct bdgtrcs prcgu`tcs 6uc sú` ìk/s h'd`tce.edgî`jdb ed`g4,stdjb.

*istîs bvbeuc` #dcrc`ts pu`ts...

Cisbetrcs bvbeuck ce ji`<u`t$ b k/s$ bvbeuck pbutcs 6uc prîvdbkc`t c` cepri<cjtc cstb` hctcrkd`bhcs? u` pcrjc`tbtgc hc eb ìtb sú` b6ucstcs bjtdvdtbts$u` betrcs pcrjc`tbtgc /s b6ucstb prcsc`tbjdú... d utdedt*ck ìrkbekc`t rÿrd6ucshc kb`crb 6uc e'beuk`c sbp jik scræ e'bvbeubjdú. %ik 6uc ìsbetrcs ì :ivbk dkpeb`tbr hc jip$ sd`ú 6uc :i vbk cr b pbrtdr h'u`b beuk`cs 6uc vc`dc`hc e'cstdkuebjdú prdkcrc`jb$ 6uc /s u` tdpus h'beuk`c 6uc ì ce pits tc`drsc`tbt c` u`b bueb c` decrcs sd`ú 6uc /s k/s bjtdu$ k/s d`tcrcssbt$ k/sd`6udct$ 6uc ct hckb`b k/s d ed :bs hc hi`br k/s. Ms tit u` prij/s. +u pitsjikc`=br c` u`b csjieb c`t2:i sc`sc :bvc`t ct e'cstdkuebjdú prdkcrc`jb pcr>eebvirs ce pri<cjtc 6uc :bs hc prcpbrbr :b hc tc`dr kiet jebr jik :b hc scr.

&6ucst tdpus #$bjtdvdtbts (b` #$cstbr rcjie"b#cs #cs #$u` pricjtc c#ujbtdu #cjc`trc...

!cr ìsbetrcs$ ecs DK irkc` pbrt hce pri<cjtc chujbtdu hc jc`trc.

?es pbrcs cstb` b bvir #$bdü d s$dkped6uc`;

D`hcpc`hc`tkc`t hce ìstrc jc`trc$ c` ce kikc`t c` 6uc bs u` tdpus h'bjtdvdtbtk/s icrtb c` eb 6uc cs rc6ucrcd eb jie.ebirbjdú hces pbrcs$ b6ucsts c`tc`c`d vcuc` kdeeir 6uî b ce scu dee. Cisbetrcs$ pcr cckpec$ c` kiets hces pri<cjtcs

6uc ck$ :d :b u`b pbrt 6uc /s æjde hc usjbr d 6uc e':b` hc pirtbr hc jbsb?kbtcrdbes$ ji t̀cs... B6ucstb dkpedjbjdú tbk/ vc hi`bhb pcr6uî$ hcs hce'cstdkuebjdú prdkcrc`jb$ ce pbrc d eb kbrc jie.ebirc` hcs hc kiet pctdts d$ pcrtb`t$ cstb` bjistukbts b trcbeebr bd,. 5ub` b6u, cs vb jikc`=br b dkpeb`tbrecs DK$ ce 6uc pbssbvb /s 6uc 6ub` u` pricssir trcbeebvb bk b6ucstbkctihieigdb$ ces scus beuk`cs ed hcdc` b e'betrc 6uc ì :i cdb? tu pcr6uî ìtrcbeecs bk "d̀ tce.edgî`jdcs"; . -ebvirs$ hc scgudhb$ ce pricssirbt hcscju`hærdb vb vcurc ecs pissddedtbts d vb hckb`br h'dkpeb`tbr2:i. !cr tb`t$ b ebìstrb csjieb$ :i tc`dk tit$ hcs hc ! d`s b btdeecrbt. #e 6uc pbssb /s 6uc bscgi` hc btdeecrbt c`s trick bk eb scecjtdvdtbt d eebvirs$ tit d 6uc pitstrcbeebr kietcs jiscs pcr pri<cjtcs$ tc`s u`s kbrgcs 6uc ces :bs hc rcspcjtbr

31



pcr bprivbr e'cbkc`.

#es pricssirs rcc` irkbjdú;

Kiet,ssdkb$ eb pbrt k/s dkpirtb`t hce `istrc jc`trc$ pcr6uî tu puguds trcbeebr b

e'bueb bk gbrb`tdb hc sievî`jdb $/s 6uc e'c6udp hdrcjtdu td`gud kiet jebr jbp b i`vb d vbeird 6ud`b /s eb irkbjdú k/s bhc6ubhb pces pricssirs pcr6uî cs puguddkpeb`tbr b e'bueb ecs DK. Eb vd`gut b6u, EiRbrh 1brh`cr$ kiets pricssirs :b`b`bt b cr jursis irb d :i :b` cpedjbt bes pricssirs h'b6u,$ :ck ct kiet,ssdksjursis h'DK$ h'bprc`c`tbtgc jiipcrbtdu$ pirtied.

#e pirtied ce cu scrvdr jik b kîtihc h'bvbeubjdú;

Z,$ e'bvbeubjdú pcr pirtied c`s hú`b kiet i` rcsuetbt d tit c` bsc be'bprc`c`tbtgc jiipcrbtdu hcs hc pctdts. Ms u`b kdjb eb jikd`bjdú hc titpecgbt d$ c` trcbeebr c` b6ucstb `ivb kb`crb h'chujbr$ dkpedjb trb`sirkbjdi`s

hce jurr,jueuk$ e'bvbeubjdú$ eb d`tcrbjjdú pricssir2beuk`c$ 6uc /s kiet k/sbjtdvb$ `c` pcr `c`$ c` hcd̀ dtdvb$ u`b btc`jdú kiet k/s pcrsi`bedt*bhb dpribjtdvb pcr pbrt hce pricssir.

37



"``c6

bscs hce jdjec h'bprc`c`tbtgc?

0. Dkpedjbjdú hc e'beuk`bt

. #peirbjdú d hcsjirdkc`tJ. #pedjbjdúA. #ebirbjdú i bpedjbjdú hce ji`cdckc`tG. -'bvbeubjdú cstæ be jc`trc d cstbrdb prcsc`t c` titcs ecs bscs.

3>



D`tce.edgî`jdcs kÿetdpecs vs +bi`ikdb hc Feiik

34

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\csuk hc e'u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb

-b u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb pripisbhb cstæ d`jeisb c` eb prigrbkbjdú hc 0cr h'#Z9 hc

%dî`jdcs Cbturbes d trbjtb æsdjbkc`t hc e'bdgub$ ces jb`vds h'cstbt d ce scu jdjec`bturbe. -b u`dtbt cs ji`tctubedt*b kdt<b`=b`t hdæecgs sdkuebts c`trc beuk`csh'#Z9 b e'd̀ djd hc jbhb scssdú d$ jik 6uc cs trcbeebræ eb jikpctî`jdbed̀ g4,stdjb$ s'utdedt*c` itigrbdcs d tctis hcsjrdptdus jik b ji`tcth'bprc`c`tbtgc hc ecs hdcrc`ts bjtdvdtbts. %ik b ji`tct h'bpedjbjdú$ cs rcbedt*bu`b præjtdjb hc ebirbtird pcr kihcedt*br ces jb`vds h'cstbt hc e'bdgub 8s>edh$ed6udh$ gbs3 d ce ji`jcptcs rcebjdi`bts bk ces jb`vds hc bsc. Hd`trc hce ji`tcthc ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs$ cs pripisc` bjtdvdtbts h'bpedjbjdú sirc ce jdjechc e'bdgub i` s'd`tc`tb 6uc ces beuk`cs bped6ud` ces ji`jcptcs pcr c`tc`hrc ebdkpirtæ`jdb hc e'bdgub jik b rcjurs$ e'bdgub c` ces /sscr vdus$ ce jb`vd jedkætdj ice jdjec :ukæ hc e'bdgub.

%ik b i<cjtdus h'bprc`c`tbtgc c`s :ck pripisbt 6uc ces beuk`cs pugud`hdstd`gdr ces hdcrc`ts cstbts hTbgrcgbjdú hc eTbdgub 8s>edh$ e,6udh$ gbs3$ cesprijcssis hc jb`vds hTcstbt 8ji`hc`sbjdú$ cvbpirbjdú$ usdú...3$ rcji`îdcr ceprijcssis 6uc d`tcrvc`c` c` ce jdjec hc eTbdgub$ sbcr2ei rcprcsc`tbr d vbeirbr ebscvb dkpirtæ`jdb. +bk/ /s dkpirtb`t 6uc sæpdguc` rcji`îdcr ces hdcrc`tsc`>kc`s kctcirie>gdjs rcebjdi`bts bk ce jdjec hc eTbdgub d ecs vbrdbecs 6ucji`hdjdi`c` ce tckps btkisîrdj. #e jdjec hc e'bdgub s'ckkbrjb hi`js jik u`bbpedjbjdú hce kihce hces cstbts h'bgrcgbjdú d$ pcr tb`t$ c`tc`ck jik b i<cjtduprd`jdpbe 6uc e'beuk`bt :i bssiecdd c` ecs bjtdvdtbts hc rcguebjdú hce'bprc`c`tbtgc d$ c` ji`sc64î`jdb$ 6uc :i bped6ud pcr c`tc`hrc d prchdrsdtubjdi`s c` b6ucst ji`tct. #e ct hc tc`dr u`b bjtdtuh pribjtdvb c` ecs tbs6ucshc trcbee jiipcrbtdu tbk/ c`s :i :ck pripisbt jik b i<cjtdu bjtdtuhd`be hcjbrb b 6uc e'beuk`bt bprc`gud b trcbeebr bk b6ucstb kctihieigdb.#e trcbee hurb`t eb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb cs rcbedt*b hcs h'u` vc`tbee kiet bkped hckctihieigdcs. Kc`trc 6uc ecs bjtdvdtbts hc hcsjrdpjdú cs b` kb<irdtærdbkc`t hckb`crb d`hdvdhube$ ce trcbee bk ce grup2jebssc cs hcsc`vieupb kdt<b`=b`tbjtdvdtbts hc s,`tcsd jik ecs pisbhcs c` jikÿ. #e trcbee pcr rbji`s cs huræ btcrkc c` eb scssdú c` 6uî cs trbjtc` ecs D`tce.edgî`jdcs Kÿetdpecs d c` eb scssdúhc rcjcrjb h'd`irkbjdú cs trcbeeb jiipcrbtdvbkc`t. Bd, hi`js$ hcs hc eb u`dtbthdhæjtdjb cs hdvcrsdd6uc` ecs kb`crcs h'd`tcrbjjdi`br d trcbeebr hd`trc hc e'bueb$ct 6uc jrcdck dkpirtb t̀ pcr be hcsc`vieupbkc`t d e'bssiedkc`t hc

e'bprc`c`tbtgc hc e'beuk`bt.#e prihujtc d`be hc eb `istrb u`dtbt hdhæjtdjb /s u` hissdcr bk ecs hdcrc`tsbjtdvdtbts 6uc s'bvbeubræ kdt<b`=b t̀ rÿrd6ucs d pbutcs h'bvbeubjdú bk cesd`hdjbhirs b<ustbts bes i<cjtdus h'bprc`c`tbtgc 6uc prctc`,ck b e'd`djd hc ebd`tcrvc`jdú. +bk/ cs rcbedt*bræ u` cbkc` d`be 6uc cstbræ rcebjdi`bt b `dvceehc ji`td`guts d cstde bk ecs bjtdvdtbts 6uc s':b` b`bt c`t hurb`t eb u`dtbt.d`bekc`t$ jik s':b jikc`tbt b`tcrdirkc`t$ ce trcbee c` grup d e'bjtdtuh b jebssc/s u` tcrjcr bspcjtc b bvbeubr <b 6uc e'c`tc`ck jik b u` i<cjtdu æsdj c`

Implementació de la teoria Intel.ligències Múltiples com a mesura d'atenció a la diversitat en...

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