{]Imi-Øn-te°v...8 {]Imi-Øn-te v 5. eqt m-kns‚ kphn-tijw: km¿h-{XnI c£m-k-tµiw 60 6....

Znhy-t_m-[\w ]ªn-t°-j≥kvtkm^nbm sk‚¿

Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\mcn

tIm´bw -˛ 686 001

hne: 40.00

^m. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm(s]m^-k¿, Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv skan-\m-cn, tIm´bw)

]Imi-Øn-te°v(]pXnb\nb-a-Ønte°v Hcmlzm\w)

Znhy-t_m-[\w KŸm-hen ˛ 1

Prakasathilekku(An Invitation to the New Testament)

Fr. T. J. Joshua B.A., B.D., S. T. M.

Published by : Divyabodhanam PublicationsOrthodox Seminary, P.B. 98, Kottayam

Ph: 0481 - 2566 526, 2568 083

First Published : Jan. 1984

Second Edition : Jan. 1988

Third Edition : May 2005

Copyright reserved

Number of copies : 3000

Available at : Orthodox Seminary and Other Christian Bookshops.

D.T.P. : Sophia Print House, Kottayam Ph. 0481 - 2303237

Printing : Udaya Offset, Kottayam

Price: Rs. 40/-

(Malayalam)

]kvXm-h\

k`mw-K-ßƒ°p-th≠n Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sshZnI skan-\mcn Ah-

X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hnizmk ]cn-io-e-\-]-≤-Xn-bmWv Znhyt_m[\w.

Ignhpw Xm¬]-cy-hp-ap≈ B¿°pw kvXo]pcpj t`Z-sat\y Cu ]≤-

Xn-bn¬ tNcmw.

k`-bpsS hnizmkw Adn-bp-∂-Xn\pw ]pe¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw ASpØ

Xe-apdbv°p ]I¿∂psImSp-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ Npa-Xe sshZn-I¿°p

amX-ap≈X√. k` apgphs‚bpw IqSn-bp≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xzam-Wn-Xv.

Afl-mb-°m-cmb kvXoIƒ°pw ]pcp-j-∑m¿°pw hfsc henb ]¶m-

Wp-≈Xv, Cu Npa-Xe Imcy-£-a-ambn \n¿hln°p-∂-Xn¬.

bp‡n-Nn-¥-bpsS Cu Ime-b-f-hn¬ kXy-hn-izmkw \ne-\n¿Ø-

W-sa-¶n¬, Bcm-[-\-bnepw kXy-Ønepw kvt\l-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-

X-amb Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv hnizm-ksØ _p≤n-]-cambn°qsS kzmb-Ø-

am-t°-≠p-∂-bm-hiyw k`mw-K-ßƒs°-√m-h¿°p-ap-≠v.

]tXy-In®pw kt≠-kvIqƒ A≤ym-]-I¿, a¿Ø-a-dnbw kamP

]h¿Ø-I¿, bph-P\ ]ÿm-\-Ønepw hnZym¿∞n ]ÿm-\-Ønepw

t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂-h¿, apX-emb t\XrXz \nc-bn-ep≈ Aflm-b¿°v

hnizm-k-]-T\w ]tXy-I-ambn Bhiyam-Wv.

`‡n-tbmSpw hniz-mk-tØmSpwIqSn-bp≈ kXym-cm-[-\bpw InkvXp-

hns‚ a\pjykvt\l-Øns‚ aq¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-amWv k`-bpsS c≠p

][m\ Npa-X-e-Iƒ. Ch c≠pw icn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-°-W-sa-¶n¬ k`m-

]m-c-º-cy-Ønse KmVamb D]-cn-⁄m-\-Øns‚ Xmgv∂ ]SnI-fn-te-

s°-¶nepw hnizm-kn-Iƒ IS-∂p-h-cmsX, hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ sshZn-

I¿°p -am-X-ambn hn´p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xp Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv ]mc-º-cy-Øn\p

\nc-°m-Ø-Xm-Wv. aqtdm\`n-tj-Iw-aqew ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ]m]n®n-

´p≈ F√m kXyhnizm-kn-Iƒ°pw, Bcm-[-\-bnepw a\pjytkh-\-

Ønepw IqSn-bp≈ Xß-fpsS InkvXob [¿a\n¿∆l-W-Øn\v Cu

]≤Xn klm-b-I-ambnØoc-s´. ssZh-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv \ΩpsS

kvt\lw \nd™ P\ßsf Xs‚ ]tXyI IcpW-bm¬ ISm-£n®v

Ah¿°p Znhy-t_m-[\w \¬Im≥ Cu ]≤Xn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-am-dm-Is´.

tUm. ]utemkv am¿ KntKm-dn-tbmkv saXm-t∏meoØm(]kn-U‚ v, Znhy-t_m-[\w tIµ-°-Ωn‰n)

tIm´bw

20 ˛ 12 ˛ 1983

4 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]km-[-I-°p-dn∏vZnhy-t_m-[\w ]T-\-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ H∂m-a-Xmbn ]kn-≤o-I-cn® "]Im-

i-Øn-te°v' F∂ ]pkvXIw ]cn-jvI-cn®v ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.-

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-tebv°v Hcp Blzm-\-ambn ]ikvX ]pXn-b-\nba

]fin-X\pw Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv sshZnIskan-\mcn A≤ym-]-I-\p-amb

_lp. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm A®≥ cNn® KŸØns‚ aq∂mw ]Xn-∏m-

WnXv. Znhyt_m-[\w hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°pw a‰p≈-h¿°pw ]pXnb\n-b-

a-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Bg-amb Adnhpw ]T\ ]tNm-Z-\hpw e`n-°p-hm≥

Cu KŸw klm-bn-°p-sa-∂mWv Rß-fpsS ]Xo-£.

Znhy-t_m-[\w ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°mbn \n¿tem-]-amb A\p-K-lm-

in- p-Iƒ \¬In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ c£m-[n-Imcn-

Iq-Sn-bmb ]. tamdm≥ am¿ _t -en-tbmkv am¿tXmam amXyqkv ZznXo-

b≥ ImtXm-en-°m-_mhm Xncp-ta-\ntbm-Sp≈ hnt[-b-Xzhpw BZ-chpw

hn\-b-]p-c- cw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

Cu KŸ-ßƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ta¬t\m´w hln-°p∂

]ÿm\w ]kn-U‚pw skan-\mcn ]n≥kn-∏-ep-amb dh. tUm. sI.

Fw. tPm¿÷-®≥, Ub-d-IvS¿ dh. m. ‰n. sP. tPmjzm, sshkv ]kn-

U‚ v dh. ^m. tUm. tP°_v Ipcy≥, cPn-kvSm¿ dh. ^m. tUm.

tPm¨ ]Wn-°¿, tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿ ^m. tP°_v amXyp, sk≥S¬

Hm¿K-ss\-k¿ s]m^. h¿§okv amXyp F∂n-h-c-S-ßp∂ Znhy-t_m[\w

tIµ-I-Ω-‰n-bmWv Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ A\p-Zn\ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \nb-

¥n®p hcp-∂-Xv.

sshZnI skan-\m-cn-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \S-Øn-h-cp∂ Cu ]≤-

Xn-bpsS ]T-\-\n-e-hm-c-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw skan-\mcn ^m-°¬‰n-

bn¬ \n£n-]vX-am-Wv. ]mtZ-inIXe-Ønepw bqWn‰p Xe-Ønepw

A≤ym-]-Icpw kwLm-S-Icpw Cu ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ \S-Øn-∏n¬

A£oWw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ah¿s°√mw ]tXyIw \µn tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu KŸ-Øns‚ Un. ‰n. ]n. `wKn-bmbn \n¿∆-ln®

tkm^nbm ]n‚ v lukn\pw A®-Sn- `w-Kn-bmbpw IrXy-ambpw \n¿∆-

ln® DZbm ]kn\pw \µn.

k¿t∆m-]cn kIe \∑-Iƒ°pw Imc-W- q-X-\mb k¿∆-i-‡-\mb

ssZh-Øn\p kvXpXn A¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu KŸw Znhy-t_m-[\w

KŸm-h-en-bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

Znhy-t_m-[\w tIµ-I-Ω-‰n-°p- th≠n

^m.- tP-°_v amXyp (tIm˛Hm¿Un-t\-‰¿)s]¥n-t°mkvXn 2005

]g-b-sk-an-\mcn

5]Imi-Øn-te°v

hmMvapJw

"\o hmbn-°p-∂Xp Kln-°p-∂pthm?' hnip-≤- KŸw hmbn-®p-

sIm≠n-cp∂ Hcm-tfmSp tNmZn-®-XmWv; "Hcp-Ø≥ s]mcpƒ Xncn®p Xcm-

™m¬ Fßs\ Kln°pw' F∂m-bn-cp∂p adp]-Sn. ]pXn-b-\n-baw

kzb-ambn hmbn-°p-Ibpw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ ]e¿°pw D≠m-Ip∂

A\p-`ham-Wn-Xv. ]›m-Ø-e-ambn Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ ]e hkvXp-X-

Iƒ D≠v. F¶n¬ amXta ]pXn-b-\n-baw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]pkvX-I-

ß-fpsS ktµiw icn-bmbn Kln-°m≥ Ign-bq. AXn\p klm-bn-

°p∂ Hcp IrXn Bbn- mWv CXp kwhn-[m\w sNbvXn- p-≈Xpw. Hmtcm

]mT-Øn-s‚bpw Ah-km-\-Øn¬ \¬In-bn- p≈ "tNmZy-ßƒ' icn-bmbn

sNøp-∂-]£w B ]mT-hn-jbw IqSp-X¬ Bg-ambn Kln-°p-hm≥

klm-bn-°pw. kzb-ambn At\z-jWw \S-Øp-∂-tXm-sSm-∏w, Iq´mbn

N¿® sNøp-∂-Xn\pw DX-Ip∂ hn[-amWp tNmZy-ßƒ \¬In-bn´p≈Xv.

c≠p hmey-ß-fm-bn- mWp ]pXn-b-\nbasØ-°pdn-®p≈ Cu s]mXp-

]-T\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ BZy-tØ-Xm-Wn-Xv. CXn¬ ]pXnb-

\n-b-a-Øns‚ Ncn-X-]-c-ambpw, aX-]-c-am-bpw, kn≤m-¥-]-c-ambpw D≈

]›m-Ø-e-ßƒ BZyw hnh-cn-°p-∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-baw "k`-bm¬ k`-

bv°p-th≠n' tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏-´-Xm-Ip∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞yw ASp-

Ø-Xmbn shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-ep≈ Hmtcm ]pkvX-

Ihpw, Bcv, B¿°v, Ft∏mƒ, F¥n-\mbn Fgp-X-s∏´p F∂-dn-s™-

¶n¬ amXta Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ktµiw bYmXYw Kln-°m≥ Ignbq.

\mep kphn-ti-j-ßfpw At∏mkvXe]hrØn-IfpamWv Cu H∂mw

`mKØv Dƒs°m-≈n-®n- p-≈-Xv. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ Fßs\ GXp kml-

N-cy-Øn¬ cNn-°-s∏´p; Ah XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c-_‘w F¥v? Hmtcm

kphntijI-s‚bpw ssZh-im-kvX-]-c-amb ImgvN-∏mSv F¥v, F∂n-

ß-s\-bp≈ tNmZy-ßƒ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. At∏m-kvX-e-]-

hr-Øn-Iƒ eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jsØ XpS¿∂mWp ]Tn-°p-∂-Xv.

ImcWw AXp kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bpw, eqt°m-kns‚ c≠mw

hmey-hp-am-Wt√m. \memw kphn-ti-j-sØ-°pdn-®p≈ ]T-\-tØm-sS-

bmWv Cu H∂mw mKw kam-]n-°p-∂-Xv. teJ-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw, shfn-

∏m-Sn-s\-°p-dn-®p-am-Wp c≠mw-`m-KØp ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv.

Hmtcm ]pkvX-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw Ahiyw Adn-™n-cn-t°≠ Nne

hkvXp-X-Iƒ \¬IpI amXta Cu ]mT-ßƒ sIm≠p km[n-°p-I-

bp≈p. ]pkvX-I-ß-fpsS D≈-S°w ]Tn-°p∂-Xn-\pw, Bflo-b-aq-ey-

6 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xn\pw Bh-iy-amb ]tNm-Z-\w \¬Ip-I-bmWv

CXns‚ e£yw. "]Im-i-Øn-te°p' \bn-°p∂ Zo]-kvXw`w. CXn¬

\n∂p≈ ]Imiw Bg-amb ]T-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°s´ F∂m-iw-kn-

°p-∂p.

^mZ¿ ‰n. sP. tPmjzm

7]Imi-Øn-te°v

D≈-S°w

]kvXm-h\ 3

]km-[-I-°p-dn-∏v 4

hmMvapJw 5

bqWn‰v 1

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn\v Hcp BapJw

1. ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩnep≈ _‘w 9

2. NcnX kmwkvIm-cnI ]›m-Ø-ew 12

3. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ blq-Z-N-cnX]›mØew 17

4. bnkm-tb-ey-cpsS aX-]-c-amb ]›m-Ø-ew. 23

5. bnkm-tb-ens‚ `qan-im-kvXw 29

6. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw \nb-X-cq-]hpw 34

bqWn‰v 2

ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ßfpw

At∏m-kvX-e-]-hr-Øn-Ifpw

1. At∏m-kvX-e]tLm-jWw 40

2. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ 44

3. a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw: khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ 49

4. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw: "k`m' kphntijw 55

8 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

5. eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw: km¿h-XnI c£m-k-tµiw 60

6. At∏m-kvX-e-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ: k`-bpsS ]mY-anI NcnXw 66

bqWn‰v 3

ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fnse

][m\ ktµiw

1. ssZh-cmPyw 73

2. ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ [m¿an-I-X ˛ Kncn-]-`mjWw 77

3. tbip-hns‚ D]-a-Iƒ 83

4. tbip-InkvXp Bcv? 87

5. tbip-hns‚ A¤p-X-]-hrØn-Iƒ 93

6. ]p\-cp-∞m\w ˛ G‰w henb A¤pXw 99

bqWn‰v 4

tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-tijw

1. kphn-ti-j-I\pw ]›m-Ø-ehpw 104

2. kphn-ti-j-Is‚ e£yw 110

3. hN\w PU-sa-SpØp 114

4. "AS-bm-f-ßƒ' ˛ tbm-l-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ 120

5. amfn-I-bn¬ sNbvX ]`m-jWw 126

6. kphn-ti-j-Ønse IqZmim]-c-amb D]-tZiw 130

9]Imi-Øn-te°v

bqWn‰v 1

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn\v

Hcp BapJw

]mTw 1

]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXnb\nb-ahpw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘w

]g-b-\n-baw IqSmsX ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-]-T\w km[y-a-√ \nb-a-ßƒ

F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w c≠p `mK-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-ßƒ

]pXn-b-\n-ba cN-bn-Xm-°ƒ ]g-b-\n-baw F]-Imcw D]-tbm-Kn®p.

Hcp kvt\ln-X≥ Hc-h-k-c-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hn-®p: "Rm≥ ]g-b-\nbaw

hmbn-°m-dn√; ]pXn-b-\n-baw amXta hmbn-°m-dp-≈p.' Cu A`n-]mbw

]pe¿Øp-∂-h-cmbn thsd ]ecpw It≠-°mw. ]g-b-\n-baw sblq-Z-

P\-X-bpsS thZ-K-Ÿ-at√? AXv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xp \ymb-]-am-

Whpw, Ah-bpsS A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fp-at√? InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-

∂-h¿°v AXn-s\¥p ]k‡n? F∂n-ßs\ tNmZn-°p-∂-hcpw

ImWmw. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn-

ep≈ _‘-sØ-∏‰n \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠Xv G‰hpw Bh-iy-am-Wv.

AK-kvXot\mkns‚ ]kvXm-h\ hfsc ]k-‡hpw A¿∞]q¿W-

hpambn tXm∂p-∂p: "]pXn-b-\n-baw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ad™pInS-

°p∂p; ]g-bXp ]Im-in-X-am-Ip-∂Xp ]pXn-b-\n-ba-Ønepw.' c≠pw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘-atX Cu hmIy-Øn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xv. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-

]-T\w icnbmbn \SØWsa¶n¬ ]g-b-\n-b-a-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]cn-

⁄m\w A]-cn-Xym-Py-am-Wv. ]gb-\nb-a-kw-`-h-ßfpw D]tZ-i-ßfpw

]q¿Øo-I-cWw Is≠-Øp-∂Xp ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn-em-sW∂p a\- n-em-

°-Ww.

\nba-ßƒ

]gb ˛ ]pXnb\nbaßƒ F∂p≈ ]tbmKw \ap°p ]cnNn-X-am-

Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ AXv Bi-b-°p-g∏w hcp-Øp-∂-Xm-Wv. "s_doØv'

F∂ F_mb ]Z-Øn\v DS-ºSn (Xp-ey-amb Ko°v ˛ "Ubm-Øn-°n')

F∂m-W¿∞w. AXns‚ eØo≥ ]cn-`mj "sSÃ-sa≥Sw' F∂m-Wv.

AXn¬ \n∂tX sSÃ-sa‚ v (Testament) F∂ Cw•ojpw, AXns‚

10 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

`mjm-¥-c-ambn "\nb-a-hpw' IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv. ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb DS-

º-Sn-Iƒ F∂ A¿∞-Øn-emWv \mw a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xv. ko\mbv ae-

bn¬h®p btlmh bnkmtbepambn DSºSn sNbvXp (]p-d. 19).

AXn\p Xpey-ambn Im¬h-dn-bn¬ h®p tbip-InkvXp k`-bp-ambn

]pXnb DS-ºSn sNøp∂p (a¿t°m. 14:24). ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬Øs∂

`mhn-bn¬ sNøp-hm-\p≈ ]pXn-b -D-S-º-Sn-sb-∏‰n ]cm-a¿i-ap-≠v. "Rm≥

bnkm-tb¬Kr-l-tØmSpw sblqZm Krl-tØmSpw ]pXn-tbmcp \nbaw

sNøp∂ Imew hcpw' (bn-sc-ay. 31:31). AXp tbipIn-kvXp-hn¬ \nh¿-

Øn-X-am-bn. AXp-sIm≠p ]utemkv ]d-bp∂p: ""ssZhw Rßsf

"]pXnb DS-º-Sn-bpsS' ipiq-j-I-∑m¿ BIp-hm≥ ]m]vX-cm°n'' (2

sImcn. 3:6).

]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXn-b-\n-b-ahpw XΩn¬ ]e-Xnepw hyXym-k-ßƒ

Ds≠∂ Imcyw hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√. F∂m¬ Ah XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-

Øhpw sFIy-hp-amWp \sΩ IqSp-X¬ BI¿jn-°p-∂-Xv. Ah Hcp

]pkvX-I-Øns‚ c≠p `mK-ßƒ amX-sa∂ [mcW \ap-°p-≠m-Ipw.

(a) c≠p `mK-ß-fnepw Htc ssZhsØ-∏‰n-bmWp ]Xn-]m-Zn°p-

∂Xv. A_-lm-an-s‚-bpw, bnkvlm-°ns‚bpw, bmt°m-_n-s‚bpw ssZh-

amWp ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn c£-Wy-]-h¿Ø\w \nh¿Øn® ssZhw

Xs∂bmWp bnkm-tb-ens\ CuPn]vXn¬ \n∂p hnSphn®p I\m-\n-

tebv°p sIm≠p-h-∂Xpw ]hm-N-I∑m¿ aqew kwkm-cn-°bpw

sNbvXXv. krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn® ssZhw- X-s∂-bmWp tbip-

In-kvXp-hn¬IqSn hym]-cn-®-Xpw. "Ccp-´n¬ \n∂p shfn®w ]Im-in-

°Ww F∂v Acp-fn-s®bvX ssZhw tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ apJ-Øn-ep≈

ssZh-tX-P- ns‚ ]cn-⁄m\w hnf-ßn-t°-≠-Xn\p RßfpsS lrZ-

b-ßfn¬ ]Imin-®n-cn-°p∂p' (2- sIm-cn. 4:6). bnkm-tb-ey-tcmSp hnhn-

[-ambpw `mKw-`m-K-ambpw kwkm-cn® ssZhw Xs∂ A¥y-k-a-bØp

]pX≥ apJm-¥cw Acp-fn-s®bvXp (F_m. 1:1).

F∂m¬ Cu kXyw \ntj-[n-®n´p-≈h¿ k -bn¬ Fgp-t∂-‰n- p≠v.

c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® am¿°n-b≥ (Marcion) CXn-s\m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-

am-Wv. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏´ ssZhhpw, ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬

tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬°qSn ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhhpw c≠m-sW-∂tX

Abm-fpsS A`n-]mbw.

(b) c≠p mK-ß-fnepw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ Hcp P\-Xsb∏‰n ]Xn-

]m-Zn-°p∂p: ]g-b-\n-baw ssZh-P-\-amb bnkm-tb-en-s\-∏-‰n, Ah-cpsS

11]Imi-Øn-te°v

D¤-hw, Ncn-Xw, Pbm-]-Nb-ßƒ, BXy-¥nI e£yw F∂nh hy‡-

am-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ZuXy\n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn temIØn¬ \ntbm-

Kn-°s∏- -h-cm-W-h¿. AtX-hn-[-Øn¬Øs∂ ]pXnb-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ssZh-

Øm¬ sXc-s™-Sp-°s∏´ P\-X-bmWp InkvXob k`. AXp ]pXnb

bnkm-tb-em-Wv. ]gb bnkm-tb-ens‚ XpS¿®bpw ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-hp-

am-Wv. tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ tIµo-Ir-X-amb ]pXnb kaqlw ssZh-

Øns‚ sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ P\hpw hnip≤ P\-hp-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-

°p∂p (]p-d. 19:6; Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-I. 1 ]tXm. 2:9). ssZh-Øns‚

c£-Wy-]-h¿Ø\w temI-Øn¬ XpS¿∂psIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ \nbp-‡-

cm-Wh¿.

(c) ]g-b-\n-ba kw`-h-ßƒ ]pXn-b-\n-ba kw`-h-ß-fpsS ZrjvSm-

¥ßfpw amXrIIfpamWv: tbipIn-kvXphns‚ PohnXØnepw

InkvXo-b-k-`-bpsS A\p-`-h-Øn-ep-ap≈ A\-h[n kw`-h-ßƒ ]gb-

\nb-a-N-cn-X-Øn¬ ap≥Ip-dn-Ifpw AS-bm-f-ß-fp-ambn ImWmw. tbip-

InkvXp CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂pw XncnsI h∂Xpw (in-ip-hm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ

Z¿i-\-]-Imcw butk v CuPn-]vXn-te°p sIm≠p-t]m-b-tijw Xncn-

®p-h-∂-Xv), acp-`q-an-bn¬ 40 Znh-k-ßƒ D]-hm-k-Øn¬ Ign-®-Xpw,

XpS¿∂p-≠mb ]tem-`-\-ßfpw F√mw bnkm-tb-ens‚ A\p-`-h-ß-

fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n-cp∂p F∂p kphn-ti-j-I≥ hymJym\n°p-∂p. AXp-

t]mse k -bpsS A\p- -hØnepw ]eXpw ap≥Ipdn Bbn ]g-b\nba-

Øn¬ ImWmw (1 sImcn. 10:1˛13 t\m°p-I).

(d) ]g-b-\n-baw ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ \nh¿Øn-X-am-Ip-∂p: ]g-b-\nb-

a-Ønse A\-h[n ]h-N-\-ßfpw k¶o¿Ø-\-ßfpw ]pXn-bXn¬

]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pXnb\nba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ F√mwXs∂ Cu

ho£Ww Dƒs°m-≠-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬

DS-\ofw ]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ \¬In-s°m≠p tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚

Pohn-X-Ønse Hmtcm kw`-h-hpw, ]h-N\ ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-ambn hnh-cn-

°p-∂p-≠v. a‰p kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ CXbpw hym]-I-am-bn-´n-s√-¶nepw

Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ ]e ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw ImWmw.

]utem-kns‚ teJ-\-ß-fn-epw, ]g-b-\n-ba D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ aqe-amWp

Xs‚ Bi-b-ßfpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw \ymbo-I-cn-°p-∂Xpw ÿnco-I-cn-

°p-∂-Xpw. DZm. hnizm-k-Øm-ep≈ \oXo-I-cWw F∂Xp ]utem-

kns‚ ]pXp-Xmb Hcp kn≤m-¥a-s√-∂pw, ]g-b-\nb-a-Øn¬ A_-

lm-ans‚ Pohn-X-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂pw Dev]Øn 15:6 D≤-cn-®p-

sIm≠p ]kvXm-hn-°p-∂p (tdma. 4; tdma. 1:1; 4:23 ImWp-I).

12 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]pXn-b-\n-ba Fgp-Øp-Im¿ ]gb\nbaØn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤-c-Wn-

Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≈Xv Ah-cpsS ]g-b-\n-ba ]mfinXyw ]I-S-am-°m-

\-√, ]ns∂tbm InkvXp-k` F∂p-≈-X-v, s]mSp-∂-\th s]m¥n-h∂

Hcp ]ÿm-\-a√ F∂pw, Zo¿L-amb Hcp-°-Øn-s‚-bpw, kpNn-¥n-Xhpw,

Bkq-Xn-X-hp-amb Hcp ssZh-]-≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw ]cn-W-X- -e-ambn cq]w

sIm≠-Xm-sW∂pw ÿm]n-°m-\-tX. ]g-b-\n-baw F∂Xp ]pXn-b-

\nb-a-Øn-\p -th-≠n-bp≈ kpZo¿L-amb Hcp-°-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]g-b-\nba

]Xo-£-Ifpw A`n-em-j-ßfpw ]qh-Wn™p ^e-]q¿W-am-bXp

]pXnb\nbaØn¬ tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw Ahn-Sp-sØ

]h¿Ø\-Ønepam-Ip∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. I¿Øm-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse GsX√mw kw`-h-ßƒ ]h-N\

km£m-Xv°m-c-ambn hnh-cn-°p∂p?

2. ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønse IYm-]m-X-ß-fn¬ Bsc-sb√mw ]pXn-b-\nb-a-

Øn¬ D≤-cn-°bpw DZm-l-cn-°bpw sNbvXn-´p≠v? aq∂p t]sc-°p-

dn-s®-¶nepw ]cm-a¿in-°p-I.

3. ]g-b-\n-b-a ]T\w F¥p-sIm≠v Bh-iys∏-Sp∂p? hy‡am-°pI.

]mTw 2

Ncn-X -kmw-kv°m-cnI ]›m-Øew

tKt°m ˛ tdma≥ kwkv°mc ]›m-Øew

InkvXp-k` Bhn¿`-hn-®Xv Fß-s\-bp≈ ImeØpw ]›m-Ø-

e-Øn-ep-am-Wv? Ah-bpsS kzm[o\w k -tb-bpw, ]pXn-b-\n-ba IrXn-

I-tfbpw GsX√mwhn[-Øn¬ kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v? cmjvSo-bw, aXw,

kwkv°m-cw, XØz-Nn-¥-Iƒ F∂n-h-bpsS ]›m-Øe ho£-Ww.

Hcp sNSn-bpsS hf¿® \n¿W-bn-°p∂ ][m\ LS-I-amWv AXv

Fß-s\-bp≈ aÆn¬, GXp Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ hf-cp∂p F∂-Xv. AXp-

t]mse InkvXpk` hf¿∂-Xpw, "]pXn-b-\n-baw' cq]wsIm≠Xpw

Fß-s\-bp≈ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ F∂-dn-tb-≠Xv G‰w Bh-iy-a-tX.

kml-N-cy-ß-fpsS kzm[o\w hnhn[ Xc-Øn¬ D≠m-Imw. ]pXn-b-\nb-

13]Imi-Øn-te°v

a-Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn-em-sW∂p ap≥]-T-\-Øn¬ ImWp-

I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬ B thcp-Iƒ Cd-ßn-s®-√p-∂Xp tKt°m tdma≥

temI-Øn-te°pw AXns‚ kmwkv°m-cnI ]›m-Ø-e-Ønte°p-am-

bn-cp-∂p. AXn-\m¬ B temI-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ Adn-™n-cn-

t°-≠-Xm-Wv.

1. im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \nd™ cmjvSobm¥co£w

A∂v A[n]XyØnencp∂ tdmamkmamPyw AXnhnkvXrXhpw

kpi‡hpw, kpkwLSnXhpambncp∂p. GItZiw 200 h¿jw \o≠p-

\n∂ c‡s®mcn®nens‚bpw, \nc¥camb t]mcm- ß-fp-sSbpw A¥yw

Ipdn-®p-sIm≠v AK-kvXp-kv ko-k-dpsS Ime-tØm-Sp-IqSn kam-[m-\-

Øn-s‚bpw sskzc-X-bp-sSbpw A¥-co£w ssIh-∂p. _n. kn. 27

apX¬ k-am-[m-\hpw, sFIyhpw Ifn-bm-Sp∂ sI´p-d-∏p≈ Hcp `c-W-

kw-hn-[m-\-ap-≠m-bn. kmam-Py-Øns‚ hnhn[ mK-ßsf t]mhn≥kp-

I-fmbn Xncn-®p-sIm≠p kpi-‡-amb Hcp c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p AXv. F√m

`mK-ß-fp-ambn t\cn-´p≈ \nb-¥Ww Kh¿W¿am¿, a‰p tdma≥ ]Xn-

\n-[n-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ apJm-¥cw km[y-am-°n-Øo¿Øp.

hnkvXr-X-amb kmam-PysØ sFIy-Ønepw Z-X-bnepw kwc-£n-

°p-hm≥ t]mcp∂ A\-h[n LS-I-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂

hn]p-e-amb bmXmkuIcyßƒ FSpØp ]dtb≠XmWv. "F√m

tdmUp-Ifpw tdman-te°v \bn-°p∂p' (All roads lead to Rome) F∂p

]d-b-Ø-°-hÆw kmam-Py-Øns‚ F√m mK-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-°p∂

tdmUp-Ifpw \mhn-I-ku-I-cy-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-kv]cw Adn-bp-

∂-Xn\pw ASp-°p-∂-Xn\pw AXp-]-I-cn-®p. ]kn-≤-amb tdma≥ \nb-a-

kw-ln-Xbpw, Z-Xsb ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-®p. kmam-Py-Øns‚ Ing-°≥ mK-

ß-fn¬ Ko°pw, ]Sn-™m-d≥ mK-ß-fn¬ eØo\pw ]Nm-c-Øn-en-cp∂p.

Cu `mj-Iƒ s]mXp-am-[y-a-ß-fmbn h¿Øn-®p. ]tXy-In®v A∂p

]Nmc-Øn-en-cp∂ sImbvs\ Ko°v (sImbvs\ = km[mc-W) kmam-

Py-Øns‚ F√m `mKØpw `mKn-I-am-sb-¶nepw hym]-n®ncp-∂p.

cmjvSo-b-ambn sI´p-d-∏p≈ c-W-kw-hn-[m\w, Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-Øn-

\p≈ h¿≤n® km≤y-X-Iƒ, D¬°r-jvS-amb tdma≥ \nb-a-kw-ln-X-

Iƒ, s]mXp-hmb Hcp mj Ch-sb√mw kmam-PysØ sFIy-Ønepw

kam-[m-\-Ønepw ImØpkq£n-®p.

14 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

2. kmap-Zm-bn-I-amb Ak-a-Xz-ßfpw D®-\o-N-Xz-ßfpw \ne-

\n∂p

cmPy-ßƒ H∂p-tN¿s∂-¶n-epw, `c-W-NIw kpi-‡-am-bn-cps∂-

¶nepw, kmap-Zm-bn-Ihpw kmaq-ly-hp-amb Ak-a-Xz-ßfpw D®-\o-N-Xz-

ßfpw Nqj-W-ßfpw kmam-Py-Øn¬ tX¿hmgvN \S-Øn. D≈-h\pw

C√m-Ø-h\pw XΩn-ep≈ hnShp cq£-am-bn-cp-∂p. ASn-aXz kº-Zmbw

km¿h-Xn-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. kmaq-ly-hy-h-ÿn-Xn -Xs∂ ASna-XzØn¬

A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp∂ H∂m-Wv. hy‡nXzw \ntj-[n-°-s∏´p tIhew

arK-Xpeyw ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏´ ASn-a-I-fpsS Ahÿ AXn-Z-b-\o-b-am-

bn-cp∂p. Hcp Iqen-°m-c\p e`n-®n-cp∂ thX\w hfsc Xp—w. hni-∏-S-

°m≥t]mepw A]-cym]vXw. amX-a-√, Ah≥ ]e-t∏mgpw Nqj-W-hnt[-

b\p-am-°-s∏´p.

tdmam-°m-cpsS \nIp-Xn- mcw km[m-c-W-°m-cmb P\-ßƒ°p Zp¿h-

l-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ "Zcn-Z-cmb \nßƒ `mKy-hm-

∑m¿' F∂p Keo-e-bn¬ apg-ßn-t°´ kZvhm¿Ø P\-ßƒ°v Bizm-

k-hpw, ]Xym-ibpw ]I-cp-∂-Xm-bn-°m-Wmw. "A≤zm\n°p-∂-h¿°pw

`mcw Npa-°p-∂-h¿°pw Bizmkw \¬Ip∂' £Ww AXy¥w kzmK-

Xm¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p.

3. A\-h[n aX-ßƒ H∂n®v

cmjvSo-b-amb sFIyw Zriy-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw aX-]-c-amb sshhn-

[yhpw _lp-hn[ hnizm-khpw \ne-\n-∂p. C∂pw `mc-X-Øn-se∂-

t]mse, A∂pw tdmam-k-am-Py-Ønepw sshhn-[y-am¿∂ aX-ßƒ

\msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw ]pjvSn -]m-]n-°bpw sNbvXp. A`y-kvX-hn-Zycpw

km[m-c-W-°m-cpw XΩn¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ Nne hyXym-k-ßƒ ]I-S-

am-bn-cp-∂p. km[m-cW P\-ßƒ _lp-ssZ-h-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn®p. Fhn-

sSbpw t£X-ßfpw ]qPm-ÿ-e-ßfpw ImWmw. tK°-cpsS tZh-∑m-

scØs∂ tdmam-°mcpw kzoI-cn-∏m≥ aSn-®n-√. Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hmtcm

afi-ehpw, Hmtcm tZh-s‚tbm tZhn-bp-sStbm B[n-]-Xy-Ønepw \nb-

¥-W-Øn-ep-am-sW∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn, ]qP-Ifpw Bcm-[-\bpw \S-Øn.

NI-h¿Øn-bm-cm-[-\bpw ]Nm-cØn¬ h∂p. Ae-Ivkm-≠sd

ssZh-sa∂p IcpXn Ko°p-Im¿ Bcm-[n°p-hm≥ Hcp-sº-´Xpt]mse

tdma≥ NI-h¿Øn-am-cpsS t]cn¬ t£Xßƒ ]e -ÿ-eØpw ÿm]n-

°-s∏-´p. Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂-Xn\p t]m’m-l\w \¬In. AK-

kvXqkv NI-h¿Øn°p th≠n ]Xn-jvTn°-s∏´ t£X-ßƒ kmam-

15]Imi-Øn-te°v

Py-Øns‚ ]e- `m-K-Øp-ap-b¿∂p. a‰p NI-h¿Øn-amcpw B NphSp

]n¥p-S¿∂p.

anÃdn aX-ßƒ (Mystery Religions)

tKt°m tdma≥ aX-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ hfsc ][m-\-s∏´ Hcp ÿm\-

amWp \nKq-V-a-X-ßƒ°p-≈-Xv. Ko°p cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS Iogn¬ kpc-

£n-XXzw \jvS-s∏-´-t∏mƒ P\-ßƒ°p cmjvS-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

C√m-Xm-bn. Ah¿ hy‡n-\njvT-amb aX-Nn-¥-bn-te-°pw, A\p-`q-Xn-

bn-te°pw Xncn-™p. Ah¿ tZh-∑m-sc-∏‰n Nn¥n-®pw, Ah-cpsS hoc-

]-hr-Øn-Iƒ \mSI-cq]-Øn¬ AhX-cn∏n-®pw, tZh-∑m-cpsS-Xs∂ A\p-

`q-Xn-bn¬ ]¶p]‰m≥ ian-®p. F√m-‰nepw Hcp \nKq-V-Xzw Ah¿

]men®p. ]uc-kvXy-tZ-i-ß-fn-se√mw CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ \nKq-V-aX-ßƒ

hf¿® ]m]n-®p. ][m-\-s∏´ \nKq-V-a-X-ßƒ, C n- ns‚ ]qP (IsisCult), anXm-bnkw (Mithra Cult), Ub-\o-jykv ]qP (Deonysius Cult),Hm¿^n-°p-aXw (Orphic Religion), H n-dnkv ]qP (Osiris Cult) XpS-ßn-

b-h-bm-Wv. Cu \nKq-V-a-X-ß-sf√mw GsX-¶nepw tZh-\n¬ hniz-kn-

®n-cp-∂p. tZhs‚ A\p-`hw Xs∂ hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p-ap-≠m-Ip-sa∂p

]Xo-£n-®p. tZh-t\m-Sp -IqSn acn-°bpw Dbn¿°p-Ibpw, B\-µn-°p-

Ibpw, Aa¿XyX B¿Pn-°bpw sNøp-sa∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn. F√m \nKq-

V-a-X-ßƒ°pw ]th-i-\-I¿a-ßƒ AYhm D]-\-b\I¿a-ßƒ

(kv\m\w XpS-ßn-b-h) D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. IqSmsX ip≤o-I-c-W-I¿a-ßfpw

BN-cn-®p-t]m-∂p. ‡P\ßƒ°v B\µm\p`qXn hmKvZm\w sNbvXp.

s]mXpth temtIm√mkßtfmSp hnc‡n ]ISn∏n®p. InkvXpk`-

bpsS ]mcw`ImeØv Cu \nKqVaXßfn¬\n∂p≈ kzm[o\hpw

sh√phnfnbpw hfsc hep-Xm-bn-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-bpsS ]e Bi-

b-ßfpw D]tbmKn®p-sIm≠p InkvXob ktµiw ]N-cn-∏n-°m≥

Ign™p F∂p-≈Xv Hcp t\´-am-Wv. A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ ]eXpw kzoI-

cn®v Ahbv°p InkvXo-b-amb A¿∞-hpw, ]k-‡nbpw \¬In.

⁄m\aXw

\nKqVaXßtfmSp hfsc _‘s∏´ as‰mcp aXNn¥bmWp Kvt\m

Ãn-knkw (Gnosticism) AYhm ⁄m\-hm-Zw. CXns‚ kzm[o\w i‡-

am-bXp c≠mw \q‰m≠n-em-sW-¶nepw BZy-i-X-I-Øn¬ Xs∂ Cu

Nn¥ \msºSpØXmbn IcpXmw. Cu aXØn¬ ap‡n t\Sp∂Xv

"PvRm\w' (Gnosis) aqeam-Wv. bp‡nNn¥bn¬°qSntbm imkvXob-

hn-iI-e\-Øn¬ IqSntbm t\Sp∂ ⁄m\-a-√, \nKqV-am¿K-Øn¬IqSn

ssIhcp∂ AdnhmWp c£bv°p \nZm\w. CØcØnep≈

16 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

B≤ymfln-I-⁄m-\Øn\v Ch¿ henb hne I¬]n-°-bpw, AXp

]m]n-°m≥ D’mln°bpw sNbvXp. XmXznI hnNn¥\hpw, Xm]k-

PohnXhpw Ah¿ ][m\ambn°cpXn.

sblqZaXhnizmknIƒ t]mepw ⁄m\hmZNn¥bpsS kzm[o\-

Øn¬ Ipsdsbms° hcm≥ CSbmbn. ]pXnb\nba FgpØpIm¿

]ecpw Cu aXØns\Xncmbn i_vZapb¿ØpIbpw ]tcm£ambn

hmZapJßƒ D∂bn°bpw sNbvXn´p≠v. ]utemkv Xs‚ teJ\-

ßfn¬ "Kvt\mknkv' F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ kzoIcn®psIm≠v AXn\p

InkvXobamb A¿∞hpw ]k‡nbpw \¬Ip∂p. ]usemkns‚

InkvXphn⁄m\obw CXp ]kv]jvSam°p∂p≠v.

4. hnhn[ XØzNn¥IfpsS Hcp temIw

a\p-jys‚ A`n\nthi-ß-sf-bpw, At\z-j-W-_p-≤n-tbbpw Xr]vXn-

s∏-Sp-Øm≥ A\h[n XØzNn¥Ifpw A∂p ]NmcØnep≠mbn-

cp∂p. _p≤nPohnIƒ°v BI¿j-Iamb Hcp thZnbmbnØo¿∂p AXv.

_n. kn. A©mw \q‰m≠n¬ Pohn® ]vtft‰mbptSbpw, tkmI´okn-

s‚bpw kzm[o\ßƒ hn´pamdnbncp∂n-√. Zriyamb temIØn\m[mcw,

AZriyamb "Bib'ßfpsS (The world of ideas) temIamsW∂ Nn¥

FSpØp ]dtb≠Xm-Wv. ]mcXnI temIØns‚ \nXyXbpw bmYm¿-

∞yhpw Db¿Øn∏nSn®p.

tÃmbn-knkw

D¤hw _n. kn. \memw \q‰m≠n¬. hf¿®bpw kzm[o-\hpw hym]-

Iambncp∂p. F¥mWp [\yPohnXw? ]]©hpambn s]mcpØs∏-

´p≈ Hcp PohnXamWv. ]]©w apgph\pw hym]n®p \n¬°p∂ ssNX-

\yamWp ssZhw. B ssZhØnemWp a\pjy≥ Pohn°bpw, Ncn-

°bpw, \ne\n¬°bpw sNøp∂Xv. [m¿anI t_m[\Øn¬ "tÃmbn-

knkw' sblqZaXNn¥-tbmSv ASpØp\n¬°p∂p.

F∏n°pdnb\nkw

D¤hw _n. kn. \memw \q‰m≠n¬Øs∂. temIsØ∏‰nbp≈

Nn¥bpw, [m¿anI-X-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ho£-W-hp-amWv CXn¬ ][m-\-ambn

i≤nt°≠Xv. ]]t©mXv]Øn AWp°fpsS (atom) kwL¿j-

Øn¬ \n∂mWv. Aß-s\ temIhpw a\p-jy\pw bmZr-—nIambn D¤-

hn®XmsW∂p hcp∂p. AhnsS ssZhØn\p bmsXmcp ]k‡nbp-

an-√. F∏n°p-dnb-kns‚ [m¿an-IX-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ Nn¥ hfsc kzm[o\w

sNep-Ønbn´p≈-Xm-Wv. ss\k¿KnIm`nemjßsf ]n≥]-‰p-∂Xmbn-

17]Imi-Øn-te°v

cn°Ww PohnXe£yw. BlvfmZhpw B\µhpw A`nImayw; thZ\-

]-cnXyPnt°≠Xpw. bYm¿∞ B\µw e`n°p∂Xv kpIrX]cnio-

e\Øn¬ Iq-SnbmWv; a\xkm£n Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øm-\n-Sbm-I-cpXv. F∂m¬

BXy-¥nIambn F∏n°qcnb≥ kn≤m¥w PUntIm√mkßfnte°p

hgpXnt∏mbn.

ta¬∏-d™ kn≤m-¥-ß-fp-sSbpw, XØzNn¥I-fp-sSbpw ASnsbm-

gp°v H∂mwiXIØnse tKt°m ˛ tdma≥ temI-Øn¬ hym]vXam-

bn´p≠mbncp∂p. Ah-bpsS aninXamb Nn¥mKXnbpw kzm[o\hpw

AhKWn°m≥ ]mSn√mØ XcØnembncp∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ \ne-hn-en-cp∂ cmjvSo-bm-¥-co-£w- In-kvXob-

k-`bv°v FX-amXw A\p-Iq-e-am-bn-cp∂p?

2. In-kvXob-k-`bv°v aX]-cambn t\cn-tS≠ sh√phnfnIƒ Fs¥-

√mam-bn-cp∂p?

3. aX-_m-lp-ey-ap≈ mc-X-Øn¬ InkvXobkm£yw F]-Imcw \n¿

h-ln°mw?

]mTw 3

]pXnb\nbaØns‚

blqZ NcnX]›mØew

H∂mw \q‰m-≠n\p sXm´papºp≈ Ncn-Xw NcnX ]›m-Øew

GsX√mwhn[-Øn¬ kphn-ti-j-sØ-bpw, InkvXob k`-sbbpw

kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v?

InkvXobk -, Ncn-X-Øn\v Hcp henb ÿm\w \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. Ncn-

X-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂, Ncn-XsØ \nb-¥n-°pIbpw \bn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂ Hcp ssZh-sØ-bmWp hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. InkvXp-N-cnXw Hcp

Ncn-X-kw- -h-am-Wv. AXp a\- n-em-°m≥ AXn\p apºp≈ Ncn-X-]›m-

Øew \mw Adn-™n-cn-°-Ww.

H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Ckm-tb¬P\w Hcp hntam-N-I-\p-th≠n ]Xo-

£m]q¿hw ImØncn°bmbncp∂p. hntZim[n]XyØn¬ s\Sp-ho¿-

18 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

∏n´p Ign™ Ah¿ ssZh-Øm¬ Ab-bv°-s∏-Sp∂ ain-lm-bpsS BK-

a\w ]Xo-£n-®p. B ainlm Fß-s\-bp≈ Np‰p-]m-Sn-te-°mWp h∂-

sX-∂pw, F]-Im-c-ap≈ kml-N-cy-Øn-emWp ]h¿Øn-®-sX∂pw Adn-

tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

hntZ-im-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ Zo¿L-N-cnXw

Ckm-tb¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥P\ambncp∂p. F¶nepw Ah¿

sshtZ-in-Im-[n]-Xy-Øn-em-hp-Ibpw ]oU-\-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°bpw

sNtø≠nh-∂p.

bh-\-ta-[m-hnXzw

-_n. kn. \memw \q‰m≠p apX¬ DZn-®p-b¿∂ bh-\-ta-[m-hnXzw

bnkm-tb¬ P\-Xsb ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ _m[n-®p. ]tXy-In®p kndn-b≥

cmPyw bnkm-tb-ens\ Iogvs∏-SpØn bh\ ta¬t°mbva ASn-t®¬∏n-

°p-hm≥ ian®p. _n. kn. c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ kndn-b≥ cmPm-hmb

At¥ym°kv F∏n-^m-\-kns‚ ImeØv (_n. kn. 175-˛157) blq-Z-

P\X AXy-[nIw IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ klnt°-≠nh∂p. Zp¿h-l-amb

\nIpXn Npa-ØpI amX-a√, blq-Z-aXsØ \in-∏n-®v, bh\ kwkv°m-

chpw bh\ aXhpw hyh-ÿm-]n-X-am-°p-hm≥ DZy-an-®p. CXmWp a°m-

_n-b-cpsS hnπ-h-Øn\p Imc-W-am-°n-b-Xv.

F∏n-^m-\kv sNbvX ISpw-ssI-Iƒ ]e-Xm-Wv. sbcp-itew tZhm-

ebw Aip-≤-am-°p-Ibpw hnK-lm-cm-[\ \S-∏n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tZhm-eb-Ønse AXn-hn-ip≤ ÿeØp ]∂n-Isf bmKw Ign®v Aip-

≤-am°n (Zm-\n. 9:27 CtX-∏‰n kqNn-∏n-°p∂p). cmPy-Øp-S-\ofw hnK-

lmcm[\ ]Ncn∏n®p. tamssi-I- \ym-b-]-amWw BN-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬-

\n∂p P\-ßsf hne-°n. Aßs\ im_-Xv, ]cn-tO-Z\ apX-em-bh

\ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´p. alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-ÿm-\n-Isf CjvSw t]mse \o°p-

Ibpw, Ah-tcm-[n-°bpw sNbvXp. bh-\- kw-kv°m-c-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-

amb Imbn-Im-`ym-k-im-e-Ifpw Ifn-ÿ-e-ßfpw D≠m-°n. Cßs\

\oßn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ ]h¿Ø-\-ßsf A\p-Iq-en-°p-∂-h¿ blq-Zy-cpsS

CS-bn¬ Npcp-°am-bn-´p≠mbn.

F∂m¬ tZio-b-t_m-[hpw, aX-Xo-£vW-X-bp-ap-≈-h¿, \ymb-]-am-

W-tØm-Spw, tamssi-I-]m-c-º-cy-tØmSpw Iqdp≈h¿ Cu \o°sØ

sNdp-°p-hm≥ aptºm´ph∂p. ]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS hnizm-k-ßƒ ImØp

kq£n-°p-hm≥ Acbpw Xebpw apdp°n cwK-Øn-d-ßn. Ah¿°p

t\XrXzw sImSp-ØXp livtam\y hwi-P-\mb a‰m-Øn-bkv F∂

19]Imi-Øn-te°v

]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp-∂p. kndn-b≥ ssk\y-tØmSv FXn¿Øp\n¬°p-

hm-\p≈ i‡nbn√m-Xn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ blq-Zy-a-e-I-fn¬ tIµo-I-cn®p

Hfn-t∏mcp bp≤w kwL-Sn-∏n-®p. _n. kn. 166-˛¬ a‰m-Øn-bkv acn-s®-

¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]pX-∑m¿ hotcm-Nn-X-ambn hntam-N\kacw

XpS¿∂p. aqØ-]p-X≥ bqZmkv ("a°m_nbkv' F∂p adp-\m-aw ˛ B

t]cn¬\n∂v B IpSpw-_Øn¬s∏´-hsc a°m-_n-b¿ F∂p hnfn-°-

s∏-´p) A_-lm-ans‚ hnizm-k-tØm-Spw, Gen-bm-bpsS Xo£vW-X-

tbmSpw Zmho-Zns‚ ss[cy-tØmSpw t]mcm´w \S-Øn. _n. kn. 165-˛¬

kndn-b≥ ssk\ysØ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠p aq∂p h¿j-ambn

Aip-≤-am-bn-°n-S∂ tZhm-ebw ho≠pw hnip≤o-I-cn®p ]Xn-jvtTm-

’hw BN-cn-®p. a‰p ]e t\´-ßfpw bqZmkv ssIh-cn-®p. ho≠p-

ap≈ G‰p-ap- -en¬ bqZmkv acn-°bpw ]Icw ktlm-Z-c≥ tbm\m-Ym≥

t\XrXzw G¬°bpw sNbvXp. Abmƒ \mep h¿j-°mew bnkm-

tb-ens‚ kzmX¥yw kwc-£n-®p-sIm≠p bh-\kw-kv°m-csØ i‡-

ambn FXn-cn-´p. cmjvSo-bm-[n-Imcw amX-a√ ]ptcm-lnXÿm\hpw

Cbmƒ Itø-‰p. AXp ]cm-P-b-Øn-te°p hgn-\-S-Øn. XpS¿∂p h∂

sska¨ (_n. kn. 143-˛135) Hcp-Øa tbm≤mhpw _p≤n-im-en-bp-am-bn-

cp-∂p. bnkm-tb-ens‚ kzmX¥yw Ipsd-sbms° km[y-am-°n. cmPyw

hf-sc-b-[nIw ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn-®p. F∂m¬ kndn-b≥ ssk\y-hp-

am-bp≈ G‰p-ap-´-en¬ Abmƒ acn-®p. ]pX-\mb tPm¨ alm-]p-tcm-

ln-X-ÿm-\hpw cmP-ÿm-\hpw Hcp-an®p Gs‰-Sp-Øp. kz¥w t]cp-

h® \mWbw ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw, bnkm-tb-ens‚ hy‡nXzw

ImØpkq£n-°p-hm≥ bXv\n°bpw sNbvXp. C°m-e-b-f-hn-emWv

blq-Z-a-X-Øn¬ ]n∂oSp hfsc kzm[o\w hcn-®n-´p≈ ]co-i-∑mcpw

kmZq-Iycpw DZbw sNøp-∂-Xv. Nmhp-I-S¬ XocØp Bÿm-\-am-°nb

Ipwdm≥ k\ym-kn-I-fpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬Ø-s∂.

tPmWns‚ Ime-tijw A¥x-On-Z-ß-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_-I-e-l-Øn-

s‚-bpw, tNcn-t∏m-cp-I-fp-sSbpw cwK-ambn bnkm-tb¬ amdn. ]co-i-∑m¿

a°m-_nb c-W-I¿Øm-°sf shdpØp; kmZq-Iy¿ A\p-Iq-en-°pIbpw

sNbvXp. alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-ÿm-\-Øn-\p -th-≠n-bp≈ X¿°-ßfpw hSw-

h-en-Ifpw A¥-co£w Iem-]-IepjnX-am-°n. Hcp hn`mKw tdmam-°m-

cpsS klmbw A`y¿∞n-®p. Aß-s\ _n. kn. 65-˛¬ tdmam-°m¿

cwK-]-thiw sNbvXp. kndnbm tdmam-°m-cpsS A[o-\-Ønembncp-∂p.

XpS¿∂v Ah¿ ]e-kvXo-\n-te°pw IS-∂p-h-∂p.

a°m-_nb hnπ-h-sØ-∏‰n Hcp hne-bn-cp-Ø¬ ChnsS ÿm\-ÿn-

X-am-Wv.

20 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

t\´-ßƒ:

1. Ipsd-\m-ftØbv°p cmjvSob kzmX¥yw ImØp-kq-£n-°m≥

Ign-™p. 2. kmº-Øn-Ihpw, cmjvSo-b-hp-amb ]ptcm-KXn t\Sn. 3.

P\sØ sFIy-t_m-[-Øn-te°p sIm≠p-h-∂p. 4. sbcqitew \Kcw

kpc-£n-X-am°n. 5. ]pd-Pm-Xn-a-X-Øns‚ apt∂-‰sØ sNdp-Øp-sIm≠v

]nXm-°-∑m-cpsS hnizmkw ImØp-kq-£n®p. 6. apS-ßn-t∏mb ssZhm-

e-bm-cm-[-\bpw bmK-ßfpw ]p\x-ÿm-]n-®p. 7. aX-Xo-£vW-X-bp≈ Nne

hn`m-K-ßƒ Db¿∂p-h-∂p. 8. Nne k¶o¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ch-cpsS ImeØp

cNn-°-s∏-´-h-bmbn Icp-Xp-∂p. DZm. 78, 83, 85, 89. etc. 9. hnizm-k-Øn-

\p-th≠n c‡-km-£n-a-cWw hcn-°pI F∂ \qX-\m-ibw kzoIr-X-

am-bn.

tdma≥ B[n-]Xyw (_n. kn. 63 ˛ G. Un. 66)

a°m-_n-b-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Ipsd-sbms° kzmX¥yw A\p-`-

hn® blq-Z-P\w ho≠pw as‰mcp hntZ-im-[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-bn-Øo¿∂p.

AXv Hcp \q‰m-≠p- Imew \o≠p-\n-∂p. tdmam-°m¿ c-W-]c-ambn hfsc

ka¿∞-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]mtZ-in-I-ambn c-Wm-[n-]-∑msc \nb-an®p-sIm≠p

tdmans‚ \nb-¥Ww Ah¿ kpi-‡-am-°n. blq-Z-aXw kzoI-cn®

GtZmay hwiP\mbncp∂p A¥n-]-t‰¿. Cbmƒ tdmam-°m-cpsS

]n¥pW t\Sn-s°m≠v blq-Zy-bnse tZim-[n-]-Xn- Bbn. Abm-fpsS

]pX-\mWp Ip]-kn-≤-\mb tltcm-tZkv H∂m-a-≥. Cbmƒ ]e-

kvXos‚ apgp-h≥ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbnØo¿∂p. _n. kn. 37-˛¬ `c-

Wm-[n-Im-cn-bmbn \nb-an-°-s∏´ Abmƒ _n. kn. 30-˛¬ cmP-ÿm\w

kzoI-cn-®p.

tbip-InkvXp P\n-°p-tºmƒ ]e-kvXo≥cmPyw `cn-®n-cp∂Xv Cu

tltcm-tZkv Bbn-cp-∂p. Abm-fpsS `c-W-]m-Shw FSpØp]d-tb-≠-

Xm-Wv. tdmam NI-h¿Øn-bpsS ]≤-Xn-Ifpw \b-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw \S-∏n-

em-°p-∂-Xn¬ i≤ ]Xn-∏n-®p. tdmam- ˛ -b-h-\ -kw-kv°mcw ]N-cn-∏n-

°p-∂-Xn¬ AXoh X¬∏-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXns‚ LS-I-ambn NI-

h¿Øn Bcm-[\ ]N-cn-∏n-®p. ]pXnb ]´-W-ßƒ ]WnXv Ahbv°p

NI-h¿Øn-bpsS t]cp \¬In. in¬]-I-e-bn¬ X¬∏-c-\mb tltcm-

tZkv sbcp-itew tZhmebw ]pXp°n∏Wnbp∂ AXn-_rlØmb

Hcp ]≤Xn Bcw-`n-®p. tIm´-Iƒ, sIm´m-c-ßƒ, \K-c-ßƒ F∂nh

\n¿an-°p-∂-Xn¬ hnPbn-®p. Abmƒ kz¥w B[n-]Xyw \ne-\n¿Øp-

hm≥ F¥p- lo-\-Ir-Xyhpw sNøm≥ aSn-°m-Ø-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-

sIm-≠m-Wt√m c≠p hb n\p Xmsgbp≈ ]n©pIp™pßsf sIme

21]Imi-Øn-te°v

sNøm≥ I¬∏\ sImSp-ØXv (a-Øm. 2:16). ac-W-Øn\p apºv cmPyw

aq∂p ]pX-∑m¿°mbn mKn-®p-sIm-Sp-Øp. A¿°m-em-thm-kns\ blq-

Zy-bpsS A[n-]-Xn-bmbpw A¥n-∏m-kns\ Keo-e, s]dnb apX-em-b-h-

bpsS tZim-[n-]Xn Bbpw, ^nen-∏n-s\, CXqcym, Xrt°m\nIy ]tZ-

i-ß-fnse A[n-]-Xn-bmbpw \ntbm-Kn-®p.

A¿°-em-thmkv (_n. kn. 4 ˛ -G. Un. 6)

Iqc-X-bnepw ITn-\-]-hr-Øn-bnepw ]nXm-hns\ Ih®ph®p. iXp-

°-sf-sb√mw \njv°-cpWw Aa¿® sNbvXp. tkzOm-\p-k-cWw alm-

]p-tcm-ln-Xs\ am‰pIbpw \nb-an-°bpw sNbvXp. kzm[o-\-i-‡n-bp≈

IpSpw-_-ßƒ Abmƒs°-Xnsc KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Øp-Ibpw Abmsf

ÿm\ -jvS\m°Wsa∂mhiys∏´psIm≠p NIh¿Øn-bpsS ]°¬

\nth-Z\w \S-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp (eq-t°m. 19:22-˛27 tbip-hns‚ D]a

Cu Ncn-X-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ ImWpI). Ah-km\w AK-kvXqkv NI-

h¿Øn A¿°-em-thm-kns\ ^m≥kn-te°p \mSp-I-S-Øn. X¬ÿm-

\Øp tdma≥ t]m°p-td-‰sd \nb-an-®p.

A¥n-∏mkv (_n. kn. 4 ˛ -G. -Un. 39)

Cbmsf CS-]`p (Tetrarch) F∂mWp kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ hnfn-®n-

´p-≈Xv (a-Øm. 14:1) kz¥-ÿm\w `Z-am-°p-hm≥ F¥pw sNøp-am-bn-

cp-∂p (eq-t°m. 13:31). tbip-hns\ sIm√p-hm-\pw Cbmƒ C—n-®-Xmbn

ImWmw. F∂m¬ I¿Ømhv Abmsf "Ipdp-°≥' F∂mWv hnfn-®n-´p-

≈-Xv.

tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-Is\ h[n-®Xv Cbm-fm-Wv. AtX∏‰n kphn-

ti-j-ß-fn¬ hnh-cn-®n-´p-≠v. AtcØm cmPm-hns‚ aIsf hnhmlw

sNbvXn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw, ktlm-Z-cs‚ mcy tltcm-Zysb kz¥-am°n

hnhmlw sNbvXp. CXp Atc-Øm cmPmhpam-bp≈ G‰pap´en\pw,

BXy-¥n-I-ambn Abm-fpsS hogvN-bv°p-an-S-bm-bn. NI-h¿Øn A¥n-

∏m-kns\ "tKmƒ' (B-[p-\nI ^m≥kv) F∂ ÿe-tØbv°p \mSp-

I-SØn.

^nen∏v (_n. kn. 4 ˛- G. Un. 34)

a‰p c≠p t]tc-°mƒ DØ-a-\mb c-Wm[n]-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ssIk¿

NI-h¿Øn-bpsS ]oXn-°mbn "]m\ob' F∂ ]gb ]´Ww ]pXp°n

]Wn-Xp. "ssIkcy' (^n-en∏ns‚) F∂ t]cp \¬In (a-Øm. 16:12,

a¿t°m. 8:21). G. Un. 34-˛¬ Cbmƒ acn-®-t∏mƒ Abmƒ `cn-®n-cp∂

]tZ-i-ßƒ tdmam ]hn-iy-bmb kndnbmtbmSp tN¿Øp. AKn∏m

22 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

H∂m-a≥, c≠m-a≥ F∂p c≠p t]sc IqSn tltcmZy IpSpw-_-Ønse

`c-Wm-[n-]-∑m-cmbn \mw Adn-bp-∂p-≠v. Ch-cn¬ H∂m-a≥ InkvXym-

\n-Isf ]oUn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn (A. ]. 12) ImWmw. ]e-kvXo-\n¬ hfsc

Xo£vW-X-bp≈ blq-Z\mbn Abmƒ h¿Øn-®p. ]co-i-∑m¿°pw a‰p

blq-Z-∑m¿°pw Abmsf hfsc _lp-am-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. AKn∏m c≠m-

a≥ tdmam-°m-cp-ambn kJy-ap-≠m-°m≥ ian-®-bm-fmWv. Cbm-fpsS apºn-

emWp ]utemkv ]Xn-hmZw \S-Øn-b-Xv (A. ]. 25:26). Cbm-fpsS

A¥y-Imew tdman¬ sNe-hn-´p.

tdma≥ t]m°p-td-‰¿am¿

blq-Zy -]-hniy tdma≥ t]m°p-td-‰-cpsS Iogn¬ hcp-Ønb Imcyw

\mw apI-fn¬ I≠p. Aßs\ H∂n-\p-]p-dtI ]e Kh¿W¿am¿ cWw

\S-Øn. Ch-cn¬ A©m-a-Ø-h-\m-bn-cp∂p s]m¥n-tbmkv ]oem-

tØmkv. t]m°p-td-‰¿am¿ s]mXpth tdma≥ ta[m-hn-Xz-Øn¬ Al-

ΩXn ]q≠-hcpw blq-Zsc ]pOn®p shdp°p∂hcpambncp-∂p. Ch-

tcm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏p ]e-t∏mgpw blq-Z-∑m¿ ]I-S-am-°n.

G. Un. 66- ap-X¬ blq-Z-∑m¿, ]tXy-In®p Xoh-hm-Zn-I-fmb "Fcn-

hp-Im-cpsS' t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ tdmam-°m¿s°-Xn-cmbn Xpd∂ bp≤w Bcw-

`n-®p. Ah¿°p th≠X kwLm-S\ i‡n-tbm, Bƒ_-etam C√m-

bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ tdmam-°m-cn¬\n∂p ISpØ \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ A\p-`-

hn-t°≠n h∂p. shkvt]-jy-s‚bpw ]pX-\mb ssS‰-kn-s‚bpw t\Xr-

Xz-Øn¬ G. Un. 70-˛¬ sbcqitew XI¿Øp-X-cn-∏-W-am°n. tZhm-

ebw Xobv°n-c-bm-°n. It√m-SpI√p tijn-°-bn√ F∂p I¿Ømhv

AXn-s\-∏‰n ]d™ ]h-N\w \nd-thdn (a¿t°mkv 13:2). \otdm-bv°p-

tijw h∂ SmP≥, lmUn-b≥ F∂ NI-h¿Øn-am-¿ Ah-ti-jn®

blq-Z-∑msc Zb-\o-b-ambn ]cm-P-b-s∏SpØpIbpw ]oUn∏n°bpw

sNbvXp. Aßs\ blq-Z-P-\X cmPy-an-√m-sXbpw; sbcqitew tZhm-

ebw \jvS-s∏´pw, temI-Øns‚ \m\m-`m-KØpw iq\y-in-jvSam-bn.

]n∂oSp 1947- -emWv "eoKv Hm^v t\j≥' blqZ cmjvS-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈

]tabw ]m m-°p-∂-Xv. 1948 -˛¬ cmjvSw cq]w ]m]n-®p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. a°m-_nb hnπ-h-Øn¬ \n∂p blq-Z-P-\-X-bv°p-≠mb t\´-ßƒ

hne-bn-cp-Øp-I.

2. tdma≥ ta[m-hnXzw blq-Z-P-\-X-sb Fßs\ _m[n®p?

23]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 4

Ckm-tb-ey-cpsS aX-]-c-amb

]›m-Øew

blq-Z-a-X-Øns‚ hnizm-k-aq-ey-ßƒ ssZhm-e-bhpw aXm-\p-jvTm-

\-ßfpw blq-Z-a-X-Ønse Ahm-¥-c-hn-`m-K-ßƒ

blq-Z-∑m-cpsS Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]›m-ØeamWp Ign™ ]mT-Øn¬

\mw I≠Xv. Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-cm-\p-jvTm-\-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bmWv Cu

]mT-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw,

At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS ]t_m-[-\-Ønepw ImWp∂ ]e ]cm-a¿i-ßfpw

a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu ]T\w Bh-iy-a-tX. InkvXobk` Fß-s\-bp≈

Hcp aX-]-›m-Ø-e-Øn-emWp ]nd-∂Xv F∂p \n›-b-ambpw Adn-™n-

cn-°-Ww. ]pXn-b-\n-baw a\- n-em-°m≥ CXp hf-sc-b-[nIw D]-I-

cn°pw.

NmhpIS¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ e`n-®-Xn-\p-tijw _n. kn. H∂mw \q‰m-

≠nse blq-Z-k- -sb-°p-dn®pw, hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬

Adnhp km[y-am-bn- p-≠v. blq-Z-d-_n-am-cpsS anjv\m-Iƒ, X¬aqZp-Iƒ

F∂n-hbpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ shfn®w hoip-∂-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ Ah-

bn¬ IqSp-X-embpw ]n¬°m-e-a-X-Øns‚ NnX-amWp ImWp-∂Xv F∂

Imcyw hnkva-cn-°p-∂n-√.

1. hnizm-k-ßƒ

H∂m-a-Xmbn Ah-cpsS ASn-ÿm\hnizm-k-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

(F) GI-ssZhw: GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]hm-k-

Øn-\p-tijw hnK-l-ßsf Ah¿ ]cn-]q¿W-ambn h¿Pn®p. amX-a-√,

[m¿an-I-]-am-W-ßƒ°p ap≥Xq°w \¬Ip∂ Hcp ssZhsØ Ah¿

I≠p. ssZh-Øns‚ Bf-Øw, hnip-≤n, \oXn F∂n-hbv°p Du-∂¬

\¬In. ssZh-Øns‚ A]-ta-b-Xzhpw alm-]-cn-ip-≤-Xbpw \nanØw,

"blvth' F∂ \maw-t]mepw Ah¿ D®-cn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn-hn-Zq-

c\pw, (transcendent) AK-ay-tX-tPm-a-b-\p-amb ssZhw Xs‚ km∂n≤yw

`qan-bnepw Xs‚ P\-Øns‚ \Sp-hnepw km[y-am-°n-bXv "sj°o\m'

(tXP v) bn¬ IqSn-bm-Wv. Imh¬ amem-J-amsc \ntbm-Kn®p ssZhw

Xs‚ P\sØ kq£n-°p-∂p.

(_n) ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥-P\w: ktXyI ssZhhpw Xs‚ kz¥-

P\-amb bnkm-tb-ep-ambn Hcp ]tXyI _‘w \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. ssZh-

24 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Øns‚ shfn-]mSp Ah¿°p ]tXy-I-am-bp-≠m-bn. CuPn-]vXn¬\n∂p

A¤pXIcambn hos≠-SpØv Ah-cp-ambn DS-º-Sn-bn-d-ßn. AXp-

sIm≠p bnkmtb¬ ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥-P\w; aW-hm´n; BZy-PmX≥

˛ CsXm-s°-bm-Wv. a‰p≈ P\-ß-sf-∏‰n Ah¿ F¥p Nn¥n®p? BXy-

¥n-I-ambn kIePmXn-Ifpw btlm-h-bpsS c£-bn¬ hs∂-Øp-sa∂v

Nne ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Icp-Xn. PmXn-IfpsS ]Im-i-ambn Ahsc sXc-

s™-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p F∂ Nn¥ Nne-t∏mƒ ]I-S-am-Wv.

(kn) \ymb-]-am-W-Øns‚ ÿm\w: btlm-hbpw bnkm-tbepw

XΩn-ep≈ _‘w "tXmdm' (Law) bn¬ IqSn-bmWp ]pe-cp-∂-Xv. ssZh-

Øns‚ lnXw "tXmdm'bn¬°qSn Ahn-Sp∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p.

krjvSn-°p- aptº Xs∂ tXmdm D≠v. AXns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWp

krjvSn \S-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv ˛ CXm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS hnizmkw.

\ymb]-am-WsØ (Torah) ∏‰nbp≈ hnizmkw, ]hm-k-Øn-\p-

tijw IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-bn. \ymb-]-amWw icn-bmbn ]Tn-°p-Ibpw

BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ ssZh-cmPyw kwÿm-]n-X-ambn-Øo-cp-sa∂p

]Xo-£n-®p. Aßs\ \ymb-]-am-W-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw Iev]n-

®-t∏mƒ AXp ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, hymJym-\n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]m]vXn-

bp≈ skmt]-∑m¿ (Sopherim), imkvXnam¿ (]p-Xnb ]cn-`m-j-bn¬

"[¿tam-]-tZ-jvSm-°-∑m¿') Db¿∂p-h-∂p.

\ymb-]-amWw enJn-X-cq-]-Øn¬ amX-a-√, hmsam-gn-bm-bn, AYhm

]mc-º-cy-ambn ]I¿∂p-h-∂n-´p-≈Xpw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂p. c≠pw H∂p-

t]mse ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂p F∂p ]co-i-∑mcpw a‰pw Icp-Xn. kp\-

tKm-Kp-I-fpsS ]m[m-\yw-Xs∂ \ymb-]-amWw ]mcm-bWw sNøp-Ibpw

]Tn-∏n-°bpw sNøp∂ tIµw F∂ \ne-bv°m-Wv.

(Un) aviolm-sb-°p-dn-®p≈ ]Xo£: Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂

Hcp ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p. CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂v Ahsc hntam-Nn-∏n®

ssZhsØ Hm¿Øp. AXn-\m¬ hntZ-im-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬ IjvS-a-\p- -hn®p

Ign-bp-tºmƒ Ah¿ `mhn-bn-te°p ]Xo-£-tbmsS t\m°n. ssZhw

Hcp hntam-N-Is\ ˛ aviolmsb ˛ Ab-bv°p-sa∂pw, Ah≥ bnkm-

tb-ens\ B¥-cn-I-ambpw _mly-ambpw D≈ F√m Zpcn-X-ß-fn¬\n∂pw

hntam-Nn-∏n®p ssZh-Øns‚ B[n-]Xyw km¿∆-Xn-I-am-°p-sa∂pw

IcpXn. aviolm ssZh-Øns‚ cmPXzw ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw P\-sa√mw

hnip-≤n-bnepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw Iogvs∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.

aviolm-sb-∏‰n ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ GI-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ ]Xo-£-I-f√

ImWp-∂-Xv. At∏m-°-en-]v‰n-°¬ IrXn-Iƒ (`m-hnsb A\m-h-cWw

25]Imi-Øn-te°v

sNbvXp ImWn-°p∂ hn[-Øn-ep-≈) _n. kn. c≠mw \q‰m-≠p- ap-X¬

cq]-s∏´-tXm-Sp-IqSn `mhn-sb-°pdn-®p≈ ]Xym-ibpw aviolm-sb-°p-

dn-®p≈ hnizm-khpw cqV-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. tamsi-sb-t∏mse Hcp henb

t\Xm-hv, As√-¶n¬ Zmho-Zn-s\-t∏m-se, Hcp henb cmPmhv F∂ ]Xo-

£-bmWp Nne-t∏mƒ. Aam-\p-jn-I-\mbn taL-Øn-t∑¬ hcp∂ Hcp-

h-s\-∂p≈ Nn¥bpw hnc-f-a-√.

aviolm-sb-∏‰nbp≈ ]Xo-£- D¬°-S-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m-emWp tbml-

∂m≥ amwZm-\mtbmSp "\o Xs∂tbm aviolm' F∂p tNmZn-°m≥

P\sØ t]cn-∏n-®-Xv. tbip-hns\ aviolm Bbn _lp-`q-cn-]-£-

Øn\pw AwKo-I-cn-∏m≥ Ign-bm-™Xv Ah-cpsS ]Xo-£-Iƒ°p hn]-

co-X-ambn kuay-\pw, im¥-\pw, IjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-\p-ambn Ahn-Sp∂p

h∂Xp sIm≠-tX.

(C) Dbn¿sØgp-t∂¬]v: ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®p ]g-b-

\n-b-a-ß-fn¬ A[nIw kqN-\I-sfm-∂p-an-√. XpS¿®-bmb Pohn-X-ap-s≠-

∂p-≈-Xn-s\-∏‰n Nne `mK-ß-fn¬ kqN-\-I-fp-≠v (k¶o. 16, 17, 49, 73;

Ctøm. 14:13˛15; 19:25- 29). F∂m¬ AXp \ng¬t]mse aqIhpw ]h¿Ø-

\-c-ln-X-hp-amb Hcp Ah-ÿ-bm-bn-cn-°pw. ac-Wm-\-¥cw Bfp-Iƒ

"jntbm-fn¬' ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p F∂p hniz-kn-®p.

F∂m¬ ]oU-\-ß-fn¬ (a-°m-_n-b-Im-eØpw a‰pw) cmjvS-Øn\pw

aX-Øn-\p-w th≠n kz¥w Poh-\¿∏n-®-h-cpsS `mhn F¥m-bn-cn°pw

F∂ Nn¥°p ]k-‡n-bp-≠mbn. hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ A\-iz-c-X-sb-°p-

dn®p IqSp-X¬ hy‡-amb Nn¥ hf¿∂p. CXns‚sb√mw ^e-ambn

ico-c-Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-ev]nepw, `mhn-\ym-b-hn-[n-bnepw D≈

hnizmkw Df-hm-bn.

a°m-_nb ImeØp ico-cØns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

Nn¥ i‡n-s∏-´p. Zm\o. 12:2 ImWp-I. I¿Øm-hns‚ ImeØp ]co-i-

∑m¿ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®p. F∂m¬ kmZqIy¿ AXp \ntj-

[n-®p (a-Øm. 22:23˛33; A. ]. 23:6).

2. Bcm-[-\bpw BNm-c-ßfpw

blq-Z-a-X-Ønse hnizm-k-ß-sf-∏-‰n-bm-Wt√m CXp-hsc I≠-Xv.

btlm-h-tbmSv Ah¿°p ]tXy-I-amb Hcp _‘hpw IS-a-bp-ap-≈Xp

\mw I≠p. "btlmh F\n°p sNbvX kIe D]-Im-c-ßƒ°pw Rm≥

Ah\v F¥p- ]-Icw sImSp°pw' F∂p≈ Nn¥ Ahsc `cn-®-Xns‚

^e-amWv Bcm-[\ A¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ t]c-W.

26 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

sbcp-itew tZhm-ebw: Fkm, s\l-aym-am-cpsS Imew apX¬ tZhm-

e-b-Øns‚ \Sp-\m-b-IXzw AwKo-Ir-X-am-bn. F¥mWv AXns‚

]m[m\yw? ssZh-Øns‚ tXP v (Shekinah) AhnsS hkn-®p. ssZh-

Øns‚ km∂n≤yw Cu `qan-bn¬ Fhn-sS-sb-¶nepw tIµo-Ir-X-am-bn-

´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXp ssZhm-e-bØn¬, ]tXy-In®v AXns‚ AXn-hn-ip≤

ÿe-Øm-Wv. Ahn-sS-bmWp ssZhw Xs‚ P\-Øn\p ]m]-tam-N\w

\¬In-b-Xv. AXn-\p-th≠n bmK-ßfpw ]mb-›n-Ø-ßfpw A¿∏n-°-

W-sa-∂p- am-Xw. tZhm-e-bm-cm-[-\-bpsS ][m-\ -L-SIw bmK-ßfpw

hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw A¿∏n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

blq-Z-a-Xw hniz-kn-®-Xv, Nne ]tXyI kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ ssZhw

A¤p-X-I-c-ambn Ah-tcmSv ASpØp CS-s]-Sp-Ibpw, Ah¿°p-th≠n

]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂m-Wv. Aß-s\-bp≈ kw`-h-ßsf

A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv Ah¿ s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ (festivals)BN-cn-®-Xv. CuPn-]vXn¬ \n∂p≈ hntam-N\w A\p-kva-cn-°p-hm≥

s]k-lm-bpw, ko\m-bva-e-bn¬ h®p \ymb-]-amWw e`n®Xv A\p-

kva-cn-°p-hm≥ s]¥n-t°m-kvXnbpw (hm-tcm-’-hw), acp- q-an-bnse IqSm-

c-hmkw Hm¿°p-hm≥ IqSm-c-s∏-cp-∂mfpw (kq-t°m-Øv) BN-cn-®p. qX-

Ime kw`-hßsf h¿Ø-am-\Im-em\p-`-h-ß-fm°n-Øo¿°p-I-bmWv

Cu s]cp-∂mƒ BN-c-W-Øn¬°qSn. ]qcnw s]cp-∂m-fpw, ]Xn-jvtTm-

’h s]cp-∂mfpw Cu hn[-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂p. ]m]-]-cn-lmc Znhkw

(Day of Atonement ˛ tbmw In∏q¿) D]-hm-k-Øn-s‚bpw, ]›m-Øm-]-

Øn-s‚bpw, _en-b¿∏-W-Øn-s‚bpw Znh-k-amWv; ssZh-hp-ambn A\p-

c-RvP-\-s∏-Sp∂ A\p-`-hw.

sbcqitew tZhm-ebw IqSmsX kp\-tKm-Kp-Iƒ Bcm-[-\m-tI-µ-

am-bn-cp-∂p. kp\-tKm-Kns‚ D¤hw ]hmk-Im-e-Øm-sW-∂p Icp-X-

s∏Sp-∂p. tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ _en-b¿∏-W-amWp ][m-\ I¿aw. kp\-

tKm-Kn¬ \ymb-]-amWw hmbn®ptIƒ°p-I-bpw, ]Tn-°p-I-bpw, ]m¿-

∞n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]Øp blq-Z-∑m¿ FhnsS ]m¿Ømepw

AhnsS Hcp kp\tKmKv D≠m-°mw. im_-Xnse Bcm[-\-bmWp apJy-

am-bn-´n-hnsS \S-°p-∂-Xv. d_n-am¿ ss]X-ßƒ°p aX-t_m-[\w \¬-

Ip∂ hnZym-ebhpw kp\-tKm-Kn¬ Bbn-cp-∂p. kp\-tKm-Kn-s\-°p-dn®p

Pn. F^v. aq¿ Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv "AXp ]pcm-X-\-Im-esØ Hcp

\nkvXpey ÿm]-\hpw AXns‚ k¿h-]-[m-\-amb Dt±-iyw P\-ßsf

aX-sØ-°p-dn®p ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.' kp\-tKmKv Bcm-[\

InkvXo-b-k-`-bpsS Bcm[-\mIaw cq]o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿WmbI

]¶p hln-®n-´p≠v F∂p ImWmw.

27]Imi-Øn-te°v

3. blqZ aX-I-£n-Iƒ

blq-Z-∑mcpsS PohnXw tIµo-I-cn-®n-cp∂-Xv, \ymb-]-am-Ww, tZhm-

e-bw, s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ, kp\-tKmKv F∂o-°m-cy-ß-fn-em-Wv. Ch-tbm-

Sp≈ Ah-cpsS at\m-`m-hhpw, Ch-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnizm-khpw Ahsc

hnhn[ X´p-I-fn-em-°n. \ymb-]-am-W-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnizmkwXs∂

Ahsc hyXykvX tNcn-I-fn-em-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

Awlm-sdkv (= aÆns‚ a°ƒ / People of the land).

Ch-cm-bn-cp∂p _lp- q-cn-]-£-hpw. Ah¿°p \ymb-]-am-Wm-\p-jvTm-

\-ß-fn¬ AX \njvTtbm Xmev∏cytam C√m-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-sc-∏‰n aX-

ta-[m-hn-Iƒ°p ]p—hpw shdp-∏p-am-bncp-∂p. Np¶-°m-tcm-Sp-IqSn "]m]n-

Iƒ' F∂p hnti-jn-∏n®n-´p-≈Xv Ch-sc-bm-Wv. Ah-cmWv bnkm-tb-

ense ImWmsX t]mb BSp-Iƒ. tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ lrZ-bhpw

hm’-eyhpw Ah-cn-emWp ]Xn-™-Xv.

]co-i-∑m¿

th¿Xncn°s∏-´-h≥ AYhm th¿]mSpImc≥ F∂mWp t]cn-

\¿∞w. Ah-cpsS D¤-h-sØ-∏‰n ap≥ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ kqNn-∏n-®n- p≠v.

\ymb-]-am-W-Øn\v Ch¿ k¿∆-]-[m-\-amb ÿm\w \¬In. ssZh-

lnXw \ymb-]-am-W-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. AXp a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-

Øns‚ F√m afi-e-ß-sfbpw cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. enJn-X-ß-fm-bh amX-

a√ \ymb-]-am-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Fgp-X-s∏-SmØ ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw

Xpey-]-[m\amWv. \ymb-]-am-W-sØ Imem-\p-kr-X-am°n hymJym-

\n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ D’m-ln-®p.

acn-®h-cpsS ]p\-cp-∞m-\w, ZqX∑m-cp-sSbpw Bflm-°-fp-sSbpw

AkvXn-Xz-w, a\p-jys‚ kzmX¥yw F∂n-hbpw Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p.

kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ Ah-sc-∏‰n A]-lm-ky-ambn \¬In-bn- p≈ NnXw,

Ah-cpsS s]mXp-hmb Ah-ÿsb shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-X-√.

kmZq-Iy¿

km-tZm°v F∂ t]cn¬ \n∂m-bn-cn-°Ww kmZq-Iy¿ F∂ \maw

D¤hn-®-sX∂v Duln°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Ch¿ Db¿∂ ]ptcm-lnXh¿K-°m-

cm-bn-cp-∂p. D¤hw _n. kn. c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DØ-cm¿≤-Øn¬ Bbn-

cn-°-Ww. ]co-i-I-£n-I-tfmSv Ah¿ Ft∏mgpw FXn¿Øp-\n-∂p. tZhm-

eb ipiq-j-I-fnepw I¿a-ßfnepw G¿s∏- p-Ign™XpsIm≠p s]mXp-

P-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v AI∂p Pohn-®p.

28 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Ah¿ enJn-X-ß-fmb \ymb-]-amWw amXta kzoI-cn-®p-≈p. Fgp-

X-s∏-SmØ ]mc-º-cy-ßsf Ah¿ \ntj-[n-®p. AXn\p≈ ImcWw

hy‡-am-Wv. Ah¿ kmº-Øn-I-ambpw kmaq-ly-ambpw `ZX A\p-`-

hn-®p. AXn¬ Ah¿ kwXr-]vX-cm-bn-°-gn-™p. ]≠v Fgp-Xn-h® \ymb-

]-amWw Ah¿ AwKo-I-cn-®p. F∂m¬ amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Poh-\p-

≈Xpw kwK-X-hp-amb ]am-WsØ Ah¿ Xnc-kvI-cn-®p. \ymb-]-am-

W-Øn¬ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime Pohn-Xhp-ambn henb ]k‡n Ah¿ Iev]n-

®n-√. acn-®-h-cpsS ]p\-cp-∞m\w Ah¿ kzoI-cn-®n-√. Chn-sS-Øs∂

B\-µn-°m\pw Biz-kn-°m-\p-ap-≈-t∏mƒ as‰m-cp- PohnXØn\p

ÿm\-an-√. amem-J-am-tcm, Bflm-°-tfm D≈-Xmbn Ah¿ hniz-kn-

®n√. a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ Ahs‚ ]iv\-ßƒ°p ]cn-lmcw Is≠-Øp-

hm≥ ian-°-W-sa∂pw hmZn-®p. tdma≥ `c-W-tØmSv Ah¿°v

FXn¿s∏m-∂p-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn-®v, Ah-tcmSp kl-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v

A`n-]m-b-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Iø-∏mhv Hcp kmZq-Iy\mbn-cp-∂p.

Hcn-°¬ Ch-cn¬ Nne¿ tbip-hns\ kao-]n®p acn-®-h-cpsS ]p\-

cp-∞m-\w C√ F∂p ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ tZh-c-hn-hm-l-]-Imcw Ggp

ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS `mcy-bm-bn-cp∂ kvXo acn®pIgn™p ]p\-cp-∞m-

\-Øn¬ BcpsS mcy-bm-bn-cn°pw F∂p tNmZn-°p-∂p-≠t√m (a-Øm.

22:23˛33). tXmdm amXw Ah-ew-_-am-°nb Ah-sc, tXmdm-bn¬\n-∂p-

Xs∂ D≤-cn®p I¿Ømhp ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØn ]d-™-b-®p.

Ftk-\y¿ (The Essenes)

Nmhp-I-S-en\p ]Sn-™msdXocØp acp-`q-an-bn¬ hkn-®n-cp∂ Hcp

hrµw k\ym-kn-am-cmWv Ch¿. ss^tem-bp-sSbpw tPmk-o^kns‚bpw

Fgp-Øp-I-fn¬°qSn Ch-sc-∏‰n Adnhp e`n®ncps∂-¶nepw Nmhp-I-

S¬ Npcpƒ (1947-˛¬) Is≠-Sp-Ø-tXm-sS-bmWv Ahsc-∏‰n IqSp-X¬

Adnhp e`n-®-Xv. Ipwdm-\n¬ Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ k\ym-kn-Ifpw Ft -\ycpw

Htc kaqlw Xs∂-bm-sW∂p ]fin-X-temIw Icp-Xp-∂p.

"\oXn-bpsS Kpcp' F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ BfmWp ÿm]-

I≥. "DS-º-Sn-°m¿', "]Im-i-Øns‚ a°ƒ' F∂n-ßs\ ]e t]cnepw

Cu kaq-lsØ hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂p. ZpjvS-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ Ic-ß-fm¬

ÿm]-I≥ h[n-°-s∏´tijw Ch¿ Za-kvtIm-kn-te°p ]em-b\w

sNbvXn-cn-°mw. ho≠pw Ah¿ Xncn-s®Øn Ipwdm-\n¬ Bÿm-\-am°n

F∂p Icp-Xmw. G. Un. 70- ¬ tdmam°m¿ sbcqitew \in-∏n-®-tijw

Ch-cpsS Bÿm-\hpw BI-an®v A·n-°n-c-bm-°n. AtXmsS B

]ÿm-\hpw \in-®p.

29]Imi-Øn-te°v

\ymb-]-am-W-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ Ch-cpsS ho£Ww ]co-i-∑m-cp-tS-Xn-

t\-°mƒ I¿°-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bn-cn°mw Chsc acp- q-an-bn-te°pw

k\ym-k-Po-hn-X-Øn-te°pw \bn-®-Xv. ‡n-sshcm-Kn-I-fmb Ah¿ kI-

ehpw s]mXp-h-I-bmbn KWn®p; kz]-b-Xv\-Øm¬ Pohn-®p. Zn\-IrXy-

ßƒ hfsc \njvT-tbmsS BN-cn-®p. \ymb-]-amWw icnbmbn ]Tn-

°p-Ibpw BN-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xp-hgn aviolm-bpsS BK-a\w

kpkm-[y-am-°m-sa∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn. Cu kaq-lhpw, Ah-cpsS Bi-

bm-Z¿i-ßfpw InkvXp-a-X-sØbpw, ]pXnb\nba-sØbpw kmc-ambn

kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v F∂p ]d-bmw.

ta¬∏d™ ][m\ aX-I-£n-Isf IqSmsX "FcnhpIm¿' (Zeal-ots) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Xoh-hm-Zn-Iƒ, tltcm-tZm-kns‚ IpSpw-_sØ

A\p-Iq-en® hn`m-K-amb "tltcm-Zy¿' F∂n-hcpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. H∂mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Ckm-tb¬P-\X ]pe¿Ønb hnizm-k-ßfpw

]Xym-i-Ifpw FX-amXw InkvXob k`-bnepw, ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-

Ønepw ]Xn-^-en-®n´p≠v?

2. InkvXob Bcm-[-\-bpsS hf¿®bv°v sblq-Z-k`-tbm-Sp≈ IS-

∏mSv FX-amXw?

3. kmZq-Iycpw ]co-i-∑mcpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-ßƒ Fs¥-√mw?

4. Ft -\y-sc-∏‰n e`n-°p∂ Adn-sh¥v?

]mTw 5

bnkm-tb-ens‚ `qan-imkvXw

bnkm-tb¬ Fhn-sS, Fß-s\-bp≈ cmPyw kphn-tij kw`-h-

ß-fpsS _‘-Øn¬ ÿe-ßƒ a\- n-em-°pI Imem-h-ÿ.

kphn-tij-ßƒ tbip-In-kvXphns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf°p-dn®p

]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ]´-W-ßƒ, tdmUp-Iƒ, ae-Iƒ, XSm-I-

ßƒ, kap-Zw, \Zn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-sb-∏‰n [mcmfw ]cm-a¿i-ßƒ

ImWmw. Ah Fhn-sS-sb∂pw Fß-s\-bp-≈h-sb∂pw a\- n-em-t°-

≠Xv Bh-iy-a-tX.

30 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

t]cp-Iƒ

]e t]cp-I-fn¬ Cu cmPyw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. "I\m≥\mSv' CXp

]pcmX-\-amb t]cv. apºv AhnsS A[n-h-kn-®n-cp-∂-h-cn¬\n∂p e`n®

t]cm-Wv.

]e-kvXo≥:˛ \ap°p IqSp-X¬ ]cn-Nn-X-amb Cu \maw tK°¿

(Ko-°p-Im¿) \¬In-b-Xm-Wv. s^en-kvXy-cpsS \mSv F∂¿∞-Øn¬.

Ckm-tb¬:˛ thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ A[n-I-ap-≈-Xpw, B[p-\n-I-ambn

Adn-bs∏-Sp-∂Xpw Cu \ma-Øn-em-Wv. ssZhØns‚ kz¥-P\-ambn

bnkm-tb-ey¿ hkn-°p∂ ]tZiw F∂m-W-¿∞w. "]mepw tX\pw

Hgp-Ip∂ tZiw' F∂pw "hmKvZ-Ø-tZi'sa∂pw D≈ t]cp-Iƒ thZ-]p-

kvX-IØn-ep-≠v.

hnip-≤-\mSv:˛ blq-Z∑m¿°pw InkvXym\n-Iƒ°pw ap…o-ap-Iƒ°pw

Cu tZi-tØmSp aX-]-c-amb _‘hpw B`n-ap-Jyhpw D≈-Xp-sIm≠v

CXns\ "hnip≤ \mSv' F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

FhnsS

bnkm-tb¬cmPyw bqtdm-∏v, Gjy, B^n-° F∂o `qJ-fi-ß-

fpsS at≤y ÿnXnsNøp-∂p. qan-im-kvX-]-c-amb Cu InS∏v Cu cmPy-

Øns‚ `mK-t[-bsØ hf-sc-b-[nIw _m[n-®n-´p-≠v. "CXp sbcq-i-te-

amIp∂p; Rm≥ AXns\ PmXnIfpsS at≤y h®n-cn-°p∂p; AXn\p

Np‰pw cmPy-ß-fp-≠v' (sb-l. 5:5). s]mXp-hmbn ]d-™m¬ hS°p

"Zm\pw' sX°v "t_¿si-_'bpw, ]Sn-™mdp a≤y-[-c-Wn-°-S-epw, Ing°v

_mim≥tZ-i-hp-amWv AXn¿Øn-Iƒ. hnkvXo¿Ww GI-tZiw 15000

N. In. \ofw 217 In. an. G‰w IqSnb hoXn (sXt° A‰w), 150 In. an.

Ipd-™-hoXn (h-S-°v) 67 In. ao. BIp-∂p. tbm¿Zm-\-°sc (Transjordan)F∂p hnfn-°p∂ tbm¿±m≥\-Zn-bpsS Ingt° Ic-bnepw blq-Z-∑m¿

]m¿Øn-cp-∂p. c≠p mK-ßƒ°qSn IW-°m-°n-bmepw tIc-f-tØ-°mƒ

sNdnb Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

`q]-IrXn

AXn-]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-Øp-≠mb k¶o¿W-ß-fmb q]-cn-Wm-a-ß-fn-eq-

sS-bmWp ae-Ifpw Xmgvhc-Ifpw \nd™ C∂sØ bnkm-tb¬ cq]w

sIm≠-Xv.

`q]-IrXn ASn-ÿm-\-am°n \mep mK-ß-fmbn Xncn-°mw. (1) kap-

Z-Xew: a≤y-[-c-Wn-°-S-ens‚ Xoc-Ømbn ÿnXnsNøp-∂p. CXns‚

31]Imi-Øn-te°v

hoXn°v GIcq]Xbn√. ^n\njy kaXew, imtcm≥ kaXew,

sênkvXy ka-Xew F∂o aq∂p mK-ßƒ CXn¬s∏-Sp-∂p. ]e Xpd-

apJ ] -W-ßfpw Chn-sS-bp-≠v (tbm-∏m, ep±, dmwse, tkm¿, kotZm≥

apXembh). n\n-jy°pw imtcm≥ ka-X-e-Øn\pw at≤y-bmWv Im¿-

ta¬Kn-cn. (2) a[y-a-e-\mSv: ka-X-e-ßƒ°p Ing°mbn Ip∂pIfpw,

taSp-I-fpw Dƒs°m≈p∂ Cu `mK-ØmWv blq-Zy, ia-cy, Keoem

F∂o aq∂p ]tZ-i-ßƒ. Chn-SpsØ Imem-hÿ s]mXpth lnX-I-

c-am-Wv. sXt° A‰Øp s\tK_v acp-`qan; AhnsS hc≠ Imem-h-

ÿ-bm-Wv.

(3) tbm¿±m≥ Xmgvhc: hS°p se_-t\m≥ Xmgvhc apX¬ sX°p

sN¶-S-ens‚ Hcp inJ-c-amb A°m-_m -Dƒ°-S¬hsc 500 In. ao‰-

dn¬ A[nIw \o≠pInS-°p∂ Hcp ]nf¿∏mWv Cu Xmgvhc. Cu Xmgvh-

cbv°p aq∂p apX¬ A©p In. ao. hsc hoXn-bp-≠v. `qK¿`-Ønse

kwL¿jw \nanØw Dƒh-enhv D≠mbn cq]w ]m]n-®-Xm-Wv. CXv

`qap-JsØ G‰w Xmgv∂ ]tZ-i-a-tX. CXns‚ at≤y IqSn-bmWv tbm¿-

±m≥\Zn hf-™p-]p-f™v sXt°m´v Hgp-Ip-∂-Xv. sl¿tams‚ ASn-hm-

c-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏´v lqfm XSm-I-Øn-se-Øp-∂p (C∂v AXp NXp-

∏p-]-tZi-am-Wv). ho≠pw sXt°m´v HgpIn Keo-em-X-Sm-IØn¬ ebn-

°p-∂p. ho≠pw ]h-ln®p Nmhp-I-S-en¬ sN∂ptNcp-∂p.

4. tbm¿±m-\-°-sc-bp≈ ae-Iƒ: \mem-asØ apJy-ta-J-e-bmb

Sm≥kv ˛ tbm¿±m\p thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv "tbm¿Zm-∂-

°sc' F∂mWv; AXm-bXv tbm¿±ms‚ Ingt° ]tZiw. CXv `mKo-

I-ambn ê-`qbn-jvT-hpw, `mKn-I-ambn acp-`q-an-bp-amb Hcp D∂-X-X-S-

atX. im¥-amb Imem-hÿ, ]Sn-™m-dp-\n-∂p≈ ioX-f-amb Im‰v,

]›na tbm¿Zm-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ag Ch Cu ]tZ-i-Øns‚ ]tXy-

IXIfmWv. [mcmfw ta®n¬∏p-d-ßfpw ê-k-ar-≤n-bp-≈- h-b-ep-I-fp-

ap-≠v. ]pcm-X-\-cmPy-amb tamhm-_v, DØ-c-Kn-e-bmZv F∂nh Cu ]tZ-

i-Øm-Wv. Chn-SpsØ G‰w ][m-\-amb \Zn "bm¿ap°v' BWv. CXn\p

hS-°p≈ tZisØ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ _mbm≥ F∂p hnfn-®n-cn-°p∂p.

tdma≥ t]mhn≥kp-Iƒ: tdmam-°m¿ Ckm-tb-ens\ `cn-®-t∏mƒ

\mep t]mhn≥kp-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-®p: (1) blq-Znb (2) ia-cy (3) Keoe

(4) s]dn-b.

blq-Znbm

sXt° A‰Øv ÿnXnsNøp-∂p. Db¿∂ Ip∂p-Ifpw Bg-ap≈

Xmgvhc-Ifpw \nd-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Xmgvhc-Iƒ ê-]p-jvSn-bp-≈-Xm-Wv.

32 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

ae©cnhpIƒ BSp-am-Sp-I-fpsS ta®n¬∏p-d-ß-fm-Wv. Chn-SpsØ

][m\ \K-c-ßƒ sbcp-itew (X-e-ÿm-\w), sbdo-tlm, t_Xve-tlw,

slt_m≥, t_¿si_m F∂n-h-b-tX. kqb-kv, ko\m-bv, A°m-_m

F∂o ÿm\-ß-fn-te-°p-≈ ]mX-Iƒ t_¿si-_m- hgn IS-∂p-t]m-

Ip-∂p. slt_m-\n¬ BWv tKmX-]n-Xm-°-∑m-cpsS ih-Ip-So-c-ßƒ

ÿnXn-sN-øp∂ aIvt]-e-Kp-l. Ct∏mƒ AhnsS at\m-l-c-amb Hcp

ap…ow tZhm-e-b-am-Wp-≈-Xv. t_Xvetlw ]´-Whpw AXns‚ kao-]-

ap≈ Xmgvhcbpw ]Ir-Xn-a-t\m-l-c-a-tX. t_Xve-tl-an\v 10 In. ao.

hS°v sbcq-itew \Kcw ÿnXnsNøp∂p. \nc-h[n Ncn-X-kw-`-h-ß-

ƒ°p km£yw \n∂n-´p≈ Cu \Kcw blq-Z-∑m¿°pw, InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ°pw, ap…o-ßƒ°pw H∂p-t]mse kp]-[m-\-a-tX.

iacy

CXv Hcp D∂X ]tZ-i-am-Wv. ChnsS aq∂p ]pcm-X\ Xo¿∞-ÿm-

\-ßƒ ÿnXn-sN-øp-∂p ˛ s_tY¬, iotemhv, titJw (\m-ªp-kv).

Ing-°p-\n∂pw ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂pw Npc-ßƒ hgn ChnsS FØmw. hS-

t°m´p t]mIpt¥mdpw Cu ae\mSv IqSpX¬ hnkvXrXhpw ^e]p-

jvShp-ambn ImWmw.

G_m¬, Kcn-kow F∂o Kncn-bp‹w Chn-sS-bm-Wv. Ch-bpsS at≤y-

bmWv titJw. bmt°m-_ns‚ ]pcm-X\amb InW¿ Chn-sS-bp-≠v.

hSt° cmPy-amb bnkm-tb-ens‚ Bÿm-\-am-bn-cp∂ ia-cy-]´-W-

Øns‚ Ah-in-jvS-ßƒ Ncn-X-Øns‚ km£n-I-fmbn Ahn-sS-bp-≠v.

Keoe

hSt° A‰-ØmWv Keo-e. ChnsS Nne ]¿hX-\n-c-I-fp-≠v. Kn¬-

t_m-h, Xmt_m¿, I¿tΩ¬, sl¿tΩm≥ F∂o Kncn-i-rw-K-ßƒ

]tXyIw kvac-Wo-b-am-Wv. sX°v A°m-_m-bn-te°pw, hS°v sZa-

kvt°m-kn-te°pw, Ing°v s]√m F∂ ÿe-ß-fn-te°pw t]mIp∂

kp][m\ ]mX-Iƒ Keo-esb a‰p ÿe-ß-fp-ambn _‘n-°p-∂p.

Keo-e-bn¬ ae-\n-c-Ifpw ka-X-e-ß-fp-ambn CShn´p InS°p-∂p.

lrZy-amb Imem-h-ÿ-bmWv. ]IrXn I\n™-cp-fnb ÿe-amWp

Keoe. AXn-\m¬ AhnSw IqSp-X¬ sFiz-cy-k-ar-≤hpw P\-\n-_n-U-

hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnkvXr-X-amb FkvZ-tem¨ ka-Xew e-]p-jvSn-bp≈

Irjn-]-tZ-i-am-Wv. Keoem XSm-I-Øns‚ XocØp Np‰p-ambn P\-_m-

lp-ey-ap≈ ]e ] -W-ßfpw Db¿∂p-h∂p. K∂-k-tc-Øv, Xn_tcymkv,

Keoe F∂o t]cp-I-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ XSmIw ip≤-P-e-hmln-bmWv.

33]Imi-Øn-te°v

22 In. ao. \ofhpw 13 In. ao. hoXn-bp-an-Xn-\p-≠v. kap-Z-\n-c-∏n¬\n∂p

686 ASn XmWp InS-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠p hmbpkΩ¿±w aqew A]-Xo-

£n-X-ambn, sImSp-¶m‰pw Xnc-am-e-I-fpsS t£m`hpw A\p-`-h-s∏-Sm-

dp≠v.

kphntijßfn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p-≈, I∏¿∂-lqw, tImc-ko≥,

t_Xvk-bn-Z, aKvZ-e, Xn_-tcym-kv, Z¬a-\q-Ym, KZc apX-emb ]´-W-

ßƒ Keo-eØ-Sm-I-Øns‚ XocØp ÿnXn sNbvXn-cp∂p. Xn_-tcymkv

HgnsI a‰p≈h F√mw Xs∂ C∂p iq\y-in-jvS-ß-fm-Wv.

Imem-hÿ

sshhn-[y-am¿∂ q]-Ir-Xn-t]mse bnkm-tbens‚ Imem-hÿbpw

hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. ac-hn-∏n-°p∂ XWp∏v hS-°p≈ sl¿tΩm\y ]m¥-

Øn¬ A\p-`hs∏Sp-tºmƒ, hc≠pt]mIp∂ DjvW-am-bn-cn°pw

sX°p≈ s\tK_v acp-`q-an-bn¬. sbcp-i-te-an¬ a™p s]øp∂

kabw, AhnsS \n∂v 23 In. ao. Ing-°p≈ sbdotlm ka-`q-an-bn¬

ka-io-tXm-jvWm-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cn-°pw. q]-Ir-Xn-bmWp Imem-h-ÿsb

\nb-¥n-°p-∂Xv.

bnkm-tb-en-s\-∏‰n s]mXpth ]d-bp-tºmƒ Pq¨ a≤yw- ap-X¬

sk-]v‰w-_¿ a≤yw- hsc hc≠ Ime-am-Wv. A∂p A¥-co£w kp]-

k-∂-ambn-cn-°pw; taLm-hr-X-am-bncn°bn-√. ]`m-X-Øn¬ e`n-°p∂

a™pw Cu¿∏hpw hr£-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ°p D]-Icn-°pw. Cßs\ e`n-

°p∂ a™p-sIm-≠mWp ap¥n-cn-s®-Sn-Iƒ hf-cp-I. th\-ens‚ BZy-

L-´-Øn-emWp sImbvØv. Ingt° Dƒ]-tZ-i-ß-fn-te°p hoin-b-Sn-

°p∂ IS¬°m‰v NqSns\ kao-I-cn-°p-∂p. Pq¨ a[y-Øn¬ DjvWw

G‰hpw Db¿∂n-cn-°pw. sk]v‰w-_¿ a[yw- hsc hcƒ® \o≠p

\nev°p∂p. C°m-eØp sX°p≈ acp-`-qan-bn¬ \n∂-Sn-°p∂ DjvW-

°m‰v Zp¿h-l-am-bn-cn-°pw. "sX°≥Im‰v ASn-°p-tºmƒ DjvW-ap-

≠mIpw F∂p \nßƒ ]d-bp-∂p. A]-Imcw kw`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p' (eq-t°m. 2:˛55).

HIvtSm-_-dn¬ agbpw XpS¿∂p ioX-Im-e-hp-amWv. BgvN-bn-sem-cn-

°¬ F¶nepw i‡n-bmb Npg-en-°m‰pw XpS¿∂p agbpw ho≠pw ]Im-

i-ap≈ A¥-co-£-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. Im‰n\p apºp A¥-co-£w s]mSn-

\n-d-™-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ]Sn-™mdp\n∂p≈ Im‰-Sn-°p-tºmƒ kqcys‚

DZ-bm-kvX-a-b-ßƒ AXy¥w tNtXm-l-c-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw (aØm. 16:2˛3

hmbn-°pI).

34 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

a™p-Imew Ign™p am¿®v ˛ G]n¬ BIp-tºm-tgbv°p hk-

t¥m-’hw h∂-W-bpIbmbn. a™p-Im-eØv Ce-I-sf√mw sImgn™p

arX]mbamb hr£-e-XmZn-Iƒ, hk¥w hs∂-Øp-tºmƒ Xmcpw

Xfncpw AWn™v ]IrXn apgp-h≥ ]pXp-Po-hs‚ XpSn∏v ]I-S-amIpw.

Cu Ime-L-´-Øn-emWp ]pXp-Po-hs‚ ktµ-i-hp-ambn Dbn¿∏p-s]-cp-

∂mƒ BtLm-jn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂-Xv. ]e-kvXo-\n-seßpw C°m-

e-L-´-Øn¬ tNtXm-l-c-ß-fmb ]pXp-]p-jv]-ßƒ hnS¿∂p \n¬°p-

∂Xp ImWmw. tbip-hns‚ P∑-\mSv At∏mƒ Hcp \µ-t\m-Zym\w

t]mse ImW-s∏-Spw. ]n∂oSv th\¬°mew Bcw-`n-°p-I-bm-bn.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. bnkm-tb-ens‚ Hcp NnXw hc®v AXn¬ ][m-\-s∏´ t]mhn≥kp-

Iƒ, ]´-W-ßƒ, Pem-i-b-ßƒ apX-em-bh AS-bm-f-s∏-Sp-ØpI.

2. bnkm-tb-ens‚ `q]-Ir-Xn, AhnsS hkn® P\-ß-fpsS Ncn-Xw,

Pohn-X-ho-£Ww F∂n-hsb Fßs\ kzm[o-\n-®n-´p≠v F∂p

I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

3. kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ bnkm-tb-ens‚ Imem-h-ÿsb Ipdn-°p∂ ]cm-

a¿i-ßƒ GsX-√m-sa∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

4. "bnkm-tb¬ sshhn-[y-ß-fpsS \mSv' Cu ]kvXm-h\ FX-amXw

icn-sb∂v Ahn-SsØ qan-imkvXw, Imem-h-ÿ F∂nh hnh-cn®p-

sIm-≠p -sh-fn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

]mTw 6

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ hf¿®bpw

\nb-X-cq-]hpw

]pXnb\nbaØns‚ Ncn-X-]-c-amb hf¿® a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬°qSn

Hmtcm ]pkvX-I-Øn-s‚bpw Ncn-X-]-›m-Øew Kln-°mw ]pXn-b-

\n-baw InkvXob k`-bv°p-th≠n k`-bm¬ cq]o-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈

H∂v. Zpcp-]-tZ-i-ßsf XcWw sNbvXp ktXym]-tZiw \ne-\n¿Øp-

∂-Xn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F]-Imcw ]pXnb\nba tImUo-I-c-W-

Øn¬°qSn ]h¿Øn®p?

tbipInkvXphn\pw At∏m-kvXe∑m¿°pw thZKŸambn´v

F¥mWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv? \nehn-en-cp∂ ]g-b\nbaw amXw (A∂v

35]Imi-Øn-te°v

"]gb'\nbaw F∂ t]cn-√m-bn-cp-∂p). as‰m∂v Fgp-Xp-hm≥ Ah¿ Dt±-

in-®n-cp-∂n-√. tbipInkvXp Fs¥-¶nepw Fgp-Xn-b-Xmtbm, Fgp-Xn-

hbv°p-hm≥ A\p-KmanItfmSp \n¿t±-in®Xmtbm ImWp∂n√.

At∏mƒ ]ns∂ Fß-s\-bmWp kphn-ti-j-ßfpw a‰p ]pXnb

\nba]pkvX-I-ßfpw cq]wsIm≠Xv? ]e-hn-[-Ønepw ]tbm-P-\-]-Z-

amb Hcp ]T-\-am-Wn-Xv. k`bpw thZ-K-Ÿhpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w a\-

n-em-°m≥ CXp-]-I-cn-°pw. "k`-bm¬, k`-bv°p-th≠n cNn-°-s∏´

]pkvX-I-ß-fmWv' F∂p≈ ]kvXm-h-\-bpsS hmkvX-hn-IX shfn-

s∏Spw. thZ-]p-kvXIw kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]e A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw sX‰p-

[m-c-W-Ifpw Zpco-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Cu ]T\w klm-b-I-am-Wv.

]pXn-b-\nb-a-Ønse BZy-ambn Fgp-Xs∏´ IrXn-Iƒ ]utemkns‚

teJ-\-ßfm-Wv. Ah thZ-K-Ÿambn AwKo-Icn-°s∏-Sp-sa∂ ]Xo-

£-tbm-sStbm e£y-tØm-sStbm Fgp-X-s∏-´-h-b-√. ]Xyp-X, Xm≥

ÿm]n-®-Xpw, X\n°p _‘-s∏-´-Xp-amb k`Ifn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂

]iv\-ßfpw Bh-iy-ß-fp-amWv Ah Fgp-Xp-hm≥ At±-lsØ t]cn-

∏n-®-Xv. Zpcp-]-tZ-i-ßƒ, Zpcm-Nm-c-ßƒ Db¿Ønb ]iv\-ßfpw, `n∂-

X-I-fpw, ]nf¿∏pIfpw hcp-Ønb sshj-ayß-fp-amWp teJ-\-ßƒ Fgp-

Xp-hm≥ Imc-W-am-°n-b-Xv. F∂m¬ Ah ]cn-ip-≤mfl t]cn-X-ambn

Fgp-X-s∏- -Xn-\m¬ GXp Ime-Øp-ap≈ GXp P\-Xbv°pw Ah kwK-

X-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Ah Hmtcm∂pw Hmtcm k`bvt°m hy‡nt°m Dt±-

in®v FgpXn. F∂m¬ At∏m-kvX-es‚ Ime-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv Ah

Hcp-an®p tiJ-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]tXm-kns‚ c≠mw teJ\w Fgp-X-

s∏´t∏mtgbv°pw ]utem-kns‚ teJ-\ßƒ s]mXp-]-Nm-c-Øn¬

h∂p F∂p ImWmw (2 ]tXm. 3:15 hmbn-°p-I).

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ Fßs\ cq]o-Ir-X-ambn?

BZn-a-L- -Øn¬ kphn-tijkXy-ßƒ Fgp-Xn-h-bv°p-hm≥ Bcpw

DZy-an-®n-√. AXn\p Imc-W-ßƒ ]-e-XmWv.

1. FgpXn ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ, ]d™pw, ]kw-Kn®pw ]N-

cn-∏n°pIbmbncp∂p At∏m-kvXe∑mcpsSbpw a‰p kphn-ti-j-I-∑m-

cp-sSbpw Xmev]-cyw. I¿Øm-hns‚ Iev]-\bpw A]-Im-c-am-bncp-∂t√m

(aØm. 28:18; 2 tbml. 12). 2. I¿Øm-hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w Bk∂

`mhn-bn¬ kw -hn-°p-sa∂p ]Xo-£n-®ncp-∂-Xn\m¬ hcpwXe-ap-dbv°v

Fgp-Xn-h-bvt°≠ Bh-iy-IX Ds≠∂p Icp-Xn-bn-√.

AXn-\m¬ BZysØ aq∂p Zi-I-ß-fn¬ kphn-tijw hmsam-gn-

bmbn ]N-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. tbip-InkvXp sNbvXXpw D]-tZ-in-®-

36 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Xp-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ hnizkvX-XtbmsS ZrIvkm-£n-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°p

]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-Øp. 1 tbml. 1:1˛2. ImWp-I. k`, "At∏m-kvX-e-∑mcpsS

D]tZiw tI´p' kphn-tijw Kln-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p (A. ]. 2:42).

]n∂oSv "D]-tZ-jvSm-°-∑m¿' ]mtZ-inI k`-I-fn¬ Cu Npa-Xe \n¿h-

ln-®p (F-t^. 4:11). Aßs\ hmsam-gn-bmbn kphn-ti-j-]m-c-ºcyw

kaq-l-Øn¬ ]N-cn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. "BZn-ap-X¬Xs∂ hN-\-Øns‚

ZrIvkm-£n-Ifpw ipiq-j-Icpw Bbn-cp-∂-h¿ \ap°v Gev]n-®p-X-∂n-

´p-≈-X-\p-k-cn-®mWv' F∂p eqt°mkv ]kvXm-hn-°p-tºmƒ (eq-t°m.

1:2) C°mcyw hy‡-am-Wv. kphn-ti-jw hmsam-gn-bmbn \ne-\n-∂n-cp-

∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]utemkpw kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (1- sIm-cn. 15:3). i≤m-]q¿hw

kphn-tijw hmbn-°p∂-h¿°v Hcp Imcyw Kln-°mw. Ah-bn¬

teJ\ ssien-tb-°mƒ ap∂n´p\n¬°p-∂Xp hmNn-I-ssi-en-bm-Wv.

km[m-cW kw`m-j-W-ß-fn-ep-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ Xcw hmN-I-L-S\ ap‰n

\n¬°p-∂p.

Cu hmNnI ]mc-ºcyw (Oral tradition) C∂p IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-Øn\pw

Kth-j-W-Øn\pw hnt[b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. X∑qew kphn-ti-j-

k-Xy-ß-fn-te°p ]pXnb Dƒ°mgvN e`n-®n-´p-≠v. kphn-tij ]tLm-

j-I¿ ÿe-Im-e-a-\p-k-cn®p tbip-hns‚ hN-\-ß-sfbpw sNbvXn-I-

sf-bpw kzIo-b-amb coXn-bn¬ A\p-cq-]Ww \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Htc D]-

tZiw hyXykvX cq]-Ønepw kµ¿ -Ønepw kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImWp-

∂-Xns‚ ImcWa-XmWv. Htc kw`hw hyXykvX kµ¿`Ønepw

ImWmw. DZm. aØmbnbpsS kphntijØn¬ "Dd-∏p≈ ]md-bn¬

]WnX hoSns\' (7:27˛29) °pdn®p ]d-bp-∂p. Im‰pw agbpw sh≈-

s∏m-°hpw D≠m-Ip∂ ]e-kvXo\nb≥ kmlN-cy-Øn¬ hoSv ]md∏pd-

ØmWp \n¿an-°p-I. B kml-Ncyw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿°v AXp kpKm-

ly-am-Wv. eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ At¥ym-Iy≥ kml-N-cy-

Øn\v A\p-k-c-W-amw-hÆw ]mT-t`Zw ImWmw. ]md-bn¬ ]Wn-bp-∂-

Xn\p ]Icw hm\w \∂mbn XmgvØn ASn-ÿm-\-an´p hoSp ]Wn-bp-

∂-Xmbn hnh-cn-°p-∂p. At¥ym-Iy≥ ]›m-Ø-ehpw, Ahn-SpsØ \Zn-

bnse sh≈-s∏m-°hpw Adn-bm-hp-∂-h¿°v Cu hnh-cWw IqSp-X¬

A\p-tbm-Py-am-bn-cn-°pw. ta¬]-d-™-Xn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kXyw

kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿ InkvXp-hns‚ XØz-ßsf A\p-hm-N-I-cpsS ]cn-

tXm-h-ÿbv°v A\p-k-c-W-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn®p F∂m-Wv (C-tX-∏‰n

]n∂o-sSmcp ]mT-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p-≠v).

kphntijw FgpXphm\p≈ kml-Ncyw: ZrIvkm£nIfmb

At∏m-kvX-e-∑m-cpsS Imew thK-Øn¬ IS∂pt]mbn. Ah-cn¬\n∂p

37]Imi-Øn-te°v

t\cn´p tIƒ°phm≥ kml-Ncyw Ipd-™-t∏mƒ Ah-cpsS hm°p-Iƒ

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-bv°p-hm≥ t]c-W-b-p≠mbn. amX-a√ k` IqSp-X¬

hf-cpIbpw hym]n-°bpw sNbvXt∏mƒ A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m¿°pw kl-

]h¿ØI¿°pw F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw k∂n-lnX-cmbncn°m≥ km[y-

a-√-t√m. AXp-t]m-se-Xs∂ InkvXp-hns‚ c≠m-asØ hchv BZyw

Ah¿ ]Xo-£n-®-t]mse Bk-∂-am-bn-cn-°-bn√ F∂p≈ Nn¥bpw

Db¿∂p-h-∂p. Ch-sb-√m-amWp kphn-ti-j-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥

t]cn-∏n® LS-I-ßƒ. A∏-kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS Hm¿a-°p-dn-∏p-I-fm-bn-t´m,

kaq-l-Øns‚ hnizmk kwln-X-bm-bn-t´m, thtZm-]-tZ-i-k-lm-bn-I-

fm-bnt´m tbip-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]hr-Øn-Ifpw Fgp-X-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-

S-bm-bn.

H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ahkm\ambt∏m-tgbv°pw, ]utem-kns‚

teJ-\-ßƒ, \mep kphn-ti-j-ßƒ, A∏kvtXme ]hr-Øn-Iƒ, a‰p

teJ-\-ßƒ, shfn-]mSv F∂nh Fgp-X-s∏´p (Nne IrXn-Iƒ c≠mw

\q‰m-≠ns‚ ]q¿hm¿≤Øn¬ amXta Fgp-X-s∏-´p≈p F∂p Nn¥n-

°p-∂hcp≠v). F∂m¬ Ch-sb√mw Hcp-an®p tN¿Øv C∂p ImWp∂-

hn-[-Øn¬ Hcp ]pkvX-I-ambn tImUo-I-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√, Xncp-sh-gpØv

F∂ hn[-Øn¬ B[n-Im-cnI KŸ-ambn AwKoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv

AXn\p- ti-j-am-Wv.

]pXn-b-\n-ba Imt\m≥: c≠mw \q‰m≠v Bb-t∏m-tgbv°pw Ct∏m-

gp≈ ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]pkvX-I-ßƒ°p ]pdta a‰p ]e IrXn-Ifpw kaq-

l-Øn¬ ]Nm-c-Øn¬h-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ]eXpw thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-Iƒ Ah-

cpsS kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v Fgp-Xn-bn- p-≈-h-bm-Wv. A]-

Imcw ]cn-ip-≤m-fl -\n-izm-kn-X-ßfpw ktXym-]-tZiw Dƒs°m-≈p∂-

Xpamb IrXn-Ifpw Aß-s\-b-√m-Ø-hbpw ]Nm-c-Øn¬ h-∂p. CXp

hnizm-kn-Iƒ°p Nn¥m-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-°p-∂-Xmbn. thZ-K-Ÿ-sa∂v

At∏mgpw k` Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂Xp ]g-b-\n-b-a-am-sW-t∂m¿°-Ww.

F∂m¬ Bcm-[-\m-k-aq-l-Øn¬ ]utem-kns‚ teJ\-ßfpw kphn-

tij-ßfpw hmbn-°p∂ A\p`-h-Øn¬ Ah ItaW ]gb-\n-ba

KŸ-ß-tfm-sSm∏w ][m-\-s∏-´Xpw hne-s∏-´Xp-sa∂p k` ImWp-I-

bm-Wp-≠m-bXv.

]pXnb\nb-a-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ sXc-s™-SpØv B[n-Im-cn-I-ß-fmbn

\n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-hm-\n-S-bm-bXv AYhm ]pXnb\nba Imt\m≥ cq]o-

Ir-XambXp thZ-hn-]-co-Xn-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\sØ ]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-hm-

\mWv. AtX-k-abw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øns‚ ZrjvSm¥w k`sb kzm[o-\n-

®n-cn-°-Ww. blqZk -bv°p-≈-Xp-t]mse D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm≥ B[n-Im-

38 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

cn-I-X-bp≈ Hcp KWw enJn-X-ßƒ thW-sa∂p InkvXym-\n-Iƒ

Nn¥n®p.

"Imt\m≥' F∂ Ko°p hm°n\p "hc-tIm¬' (measuring rod)F∂mWv hmNym¿∞-sa-¶nepw "ASn-ÿm-\-]-amWw' AYhm "am\-

Zfiw' F∂v A¿∞w \¬Imw. "]pXn-b-\n-ba Imt\m≥' F∂p-≈Xv

ASn-ÿm-\-]-am-Wßƒ Dƒs°m≈p∂ B[n-Im-cnI KŸßƒ GsX-

√m-sa∂pw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-X-tX. CXp Zo¿L-amb Hcp NcnXw Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. Hcp kp]-`m-X-Øn¬ Cu ]pkvX-I-ß-sf√mw Hcp-an®p

tN¿Øp ]pXn-b-\n-ba KŸ-ambn ]Jym-]-\-ap-≠m-hp-I-b√; ]e sXc-

s™-Sp-∏p-I-fn¬ IqSn-bpw, Ita-W-bmb AwKo-I-c-W-Øn¬ IqSnbpw

]e \q‰m-≠p-I-fpsS Ncn-X-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS ^e-am-Wv.

Imt\m-\n¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\p ][m-\-ambn aq∂p am\-Z-fi-ßƒ

D]tbmKn-®p. (1) Hcp ]pkvX-I-Øn\p ]c-kym-cm-[-\-bn¬ hmbn®p

Zo¿L-amb AwKo-I-cWw t\Sn-bn-cn-°-Ww. (2) AXnse D≈-S°w hmb-

\-°m¿°p ]tbm-P-\-]-Zhpw ktXym-]-tZ-i-Øn\p \nc-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-

cn-°-Ww. (3) IrXn-bpsS B[n-Im-cnI kz`m-hw A∏-kvtXm-e-∑mtcm,

Ah-tcmSv D‰-_-‘-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂-htcm Fgp-Xn-b-Xm-bn-cn-°-Ww.

Cu am\-Z-fi-ßƒ h®p \mep kphn-ti-j-ßƒ BZyw AwKo-I-cn-

°-s∏-´p. AtX ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]utem-knt‚Xmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂

]Xn-aq∂p teJ-\-ßƒ°pw Imt\m-\n¬ ]th-i\w e`n-®p. a‰p ]pXnb-

\n-ba KŸ-ßƒ°p Iam-\pK-X-ambpw sshIn-bp-amWp AwKo-I-cWw

e`n®-Xv. F¶nepw Ah-km\w Ah kzoI-cn-°-s∏- p. AXv A∏-kvtXm-

e-∑m-cp-ambn Ahbv°v Ds≠∂p k¶¬∏n-®n-cp∂ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv.

F_m-b-te-J-\w, bmt°m-_v, bqZm, shfn-]m-Sv; 1, 2 ]tXm-kv; 1, 2,

3 tbml-∂m≥ F∂o H≥]Xp IrXn-Iƒ°p km¿h-Xn-I-amb AwKo-

I-cWw sshIn amX-amWp e`n-®-Xv. Ch-bn¬ c≠ns‚ Ncn-Xw F_m-

b¿, shfn-]m-Sp -˛ -]-tXyIw it≤-b-am-Wv. F_m-b-te-J\w ]uc-

kvXy-k-`m-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ t\csØ AwKo-I-cWw e`n®p F¶nepw,

]m›m-Xy-k-`-bn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \memw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-

km\w amX-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse shfn-]mSp ]pkvXIw ]m›m-Xy-k-`-

bn¬ BZy-ta-Xs∂ ÿm\w t\Sn. F∂m¬ ]uckvXy¿ AXns\

Xg™p. ss_k‚n-b≥]m-c-ºcy-Øn-ep≈ Hm¿ØtUm-Ivkp-k-`-Iƒ

AXns\ ]n∂oSp kzoI-cn-s®-¶nepw ]uckvXy kndn-b≥ k -Iƒ AXv

C∂pw kzoI-cn®n-´n-√.

39]Imi-Øn-te°v

Ncn-X-]-c-amb At\z-jWw \S-Øp-tºmƒ ]pXn-b\n-b-a-K-Ÿ-ß-

fpsS Hcp ]ńI BZy-ambn D≠m°n ]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXp thZ-hn-]-

co-Xn-bmb am¿kn-b≥ (Marcion) Bbn-cp-∂p. CXp c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚

a≤yL´Ønem-Wv. Abmƒ ]gb\nbaw A∏msS XnckvIcn®p. AXn-

s‚ ÿm\Øp eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jhpw ]utem-kns‚ 10 teJ-

\-ßfpw Ah-tcm-[n-®p. Cu IrXn-I-fn¬ Abm-fpsS D]-tZ-i-ßƒ

ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ X° ]mT-t`-Z-ßƒ hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]g-b-\n-b-atØm-sSm∏w ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn\pw ÿm\w \¬Im-\p≈

k∂-≤X k`-bv°p-≠m-bXp am¿kn-b-\n¬ \n∂m-bn-cn-°-Ww. amX-

a√, k -bpsS HutZym-Kn-I-amb Hcp enÃv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-

‘n-X-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ tdmanse k` ]kn-≤o-I-

cn® Imt\m≥ Bbn-cn-°Ww aqd-t‰mdn 18-˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ C‰-en-bn¬

I≠p]nSn® ]pcm-X\ enJnXw. k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑m¿ ]ecpw Ah-cpsS

]mc-º-cy-Øn¬ ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]pkvX-I-ßƒ Gh-sbms° F∂p tcJ-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. Hmdn-K≥, Ae-Ivkm-≠n-bm-bnse ¢nΩo-kv, bqko-

_n-b-kv, sbdp-i-te-anse am¿ Iqdn-temkv, AØm-\m-tkym-kv, Ptdmw

F∂o k`m-]n-Xm°-∑m¿ \¬In-bn- p≈ Imt\m≥ i≤m¿l-am-Wv. Ah

F√mw H∂p-t]m-se-b-√. ]eXpw hyXym-k-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂p.

Ae-Ivkm-≠n-bm-bnse AØm-\m-tkymkv G. Un. 365-˛¬ Ab®

NmIn-I-te-J-\-Øn¬ ]pXn-b-\n-ba Imt\m≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂p. AXn¬

C∂p≈ 27 ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-≠v. F∂m¬ sbdp-i-te-anse am¿ Iqdn-tem-

kns‚ enÃn¬ shfn-]m-Sp-]p-kvXIw Dƒs∏-Sp-Ønbn- n-√. s]mXp-kp∂-

l-tZm-kp-Iƒ H∂pw Xs∂ thZ-]p-kvXI Imt\m-s\-∏‰n \n¿h-Nn-®n-

ń-√. F∂m¬ ]m›m-Xy-k- -bn¬ Im¿tØ-Pnse Iu¨kn¬ (G. Un.

397) \n›-bn® enÃn¬ C∂p≈ 27 ]pkvX-I-ß-fp-ap-≠v. ]uc-kvXy-

k`-bn¬ G. Un. 340-˛¬ IqSnb ehp-ZnIy Iu¨kn¬ sNbvXn-´p≈

\n›-bhpw ]kvXm-hy-am-Wv.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ hmNn-I-]m-c-ºcyw F∂m¬ F¥v?

2. ]pXn-b-\n-ba Imt\m≥ Fßs\ cq]o-I-cn°-s∏´p?

3. thZ-]p-kvXIw "ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-amWv' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚

hnh£ hnh-cn-°p-I.

40 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

bqWn‰v 2

ka-ho-£-Wkphn-ti-j-ßfpw

A∏-kvtXm-e-]-hr-ØnIfpw

]mTw 1

A∏-kvtXm-e ]tLm-jWw

A∏kvtXm-e ]tLm-jWØn¬\n∂p kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ Dcp-Øn-

cn™p InkvXo-b-k-`-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-hn-izm-k-ßƒ ]tLm-jW-

Øn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p.

H∂mw \q‰m-≠nse blq-Z-k-`-bn¬ \n∂m-W-t√m InkvXo-b-k-`-

bpsS D¤-hw. ]mcw-`-L-´-Øn¬ c≠pw XΩn¬ _mly-amb hyXym-

k-ßƒ AX Xs∂ ]I-S-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Bcm-[-\bv°v Ah¿ Hcp-

an®p tN¿∂p; sbdp-itew tZhm-e-b-Øn-epw, kp\-tKm-Kp-I-fnepw ]gb

s]cp-∂m-fp-Iƒ Ah¿ Hcp-an-®m-N-cn-®p. Htc `mjbpw, Htc kwkv°m-

chpw Ah¿ apdpsI∏nSn®p. F∂m¬ A∏kvtXme-∑m-scbpw, Ah-

tcm-Sp-Iq-Sn-bp≈ sNdnb ssIkvXh kaq-l-sØ-bpw, CXc blq-Z-

∑m-cn¬\n∂p th¿Xn-cn-®p \ndp-Øp∂ H∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p ˛ tbip-hn-

s\-∏‰n-bp≈ \n¿W-b-hpw, D∞n-X-\mb InkvXp-hn¬°qSn kwe-`y-

amb Bflm-h-t_m-[-hpw.

tbip-hn-s\-∏‰n Ah¿°p hy‡-amb Hcp t_m[y-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

AXp _p≤n-]-c-amb Adn-hp-sIm-t≠m, a\x-im-kvX-]-c-amb A]-K-Y-

\-Øn¬\nt∂m cq]wsIm≠-X-√. ssZhm-flmhp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-

Sp-Ø-Xpw, kzPo-hn-X-Øn¬ A\p-`-h-th-Zy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≈-Xp-am-Wv.

tbip-hn-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ Cu Bfl-mh-t_m[w Ah¿ apdp-sI-∏n-Sn-°p-Ibpw

Ah-cpsS DØ-a-t_m[yw kp[ocw temI-tØmSv, ]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS ]Jym-]\w F¥m-bncp∂p F∂p ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-

Øns‚ t]Pp-I-fn¬\n∂p kwK-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. auen-I-amb

ktµiw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cps∂-¶nepw, Ime-tZ-i-ßƒ°\p-k-c-W-

ambpw, Bh-iy-ßƒ°-\p-kr-X-am-bpw, cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂p

IcpXmw.

]utemkv A∏-kvtXm-e≥ "Fs‚ kphn-tijw' (tdm-a. 2:16; 16:15)

F∂pw, "Rß-fpsS kphn-tijw' (2 sImcn. 4:3; 1 sX . 1:5) F∂pw

]kvXm-hn-°p-∂Xv A∏kvtXm-enI kaqlw s]mXp-hmbn ]tLm-jn-

41]Imi-Øn-te°v

®n-cp∂ kXy-sØbm-Wv. Hmtcm A∏-kvtXm-e-\pw, kphn-ti-jI\pw

X\-Xmtbm ]tXy-I-amtbm kphn-ti-j-an-√. ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn F√m-

h¿°pw ]tLm-jn-°p-hm-\p-≈Xv H∂p-X-s∂. AX-h¿ ]m]n-°-bpw,

hniz-kvX-X-tbmsS ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]e-bn-S-Ømbn NnX-dn-°n-S-°p∂ mK-ßƒ ]cn-

tim-[n-®m¬ ]tLm-j-W-k-tµiw F¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂p Kln-°mw.

Nne `mK-ßƒ t\m°pI: 1 sImcn. 15:1˛11; A. ]. 2:14˛36; 3:12˛16; 4:8-

˛12; 10:34˛43; 1 ]sXm. 1:10˛12; 2:21-˛24. Ch-bn¬ A∏kvtXm-enI k`-

bpsS hnizm-k-Øns‚ kØ Zriy-am-Wv.

A∏kvtXm-enI ]tLm-j-W-Øns‚ D≈-S°w GXm≠p Xmsg-

°m-Wp∂ ]Imcw \ap°p kam-l-cn-°mw. 1. tbipInkvXp Ncn-X-

Øn-te°p h∂Xp ]h-N-\-ß-fpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-W-am-bn-´m-Wv. ]g-b-

\n-b-a-Øn¬ shfn-s∏´p e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZthm-t±-iy-Øns‚ ]q¿Øo-

I-c-W-amWv tbip-In-kvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w Hcp ]pXnb XpS-°hpw Ipdn-

°p-∂p. ssZthm-t±-iy-Øns‚ Hcp ]pXnb NI-hmfw Ahn-Sp∂p Xpd-

°p-Ibpw Hcp ]pXnb krjvSn kam-cw-`n-°p-I-bp-am-Wv. tbip-In-kvXp-

hn¬ blq-Z-∑m¿ ]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂ "hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ bpKw' Bhn¿ -hn®p

Ign-™p.

2. ]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ D¬Lm-S\-Øn-epw, Bhn¿`m-h-Ønepw tbip-

In-kvXp-hn\p \nkvXp-e-yamb Hcp ÿm\-ap-≠v. Ahn-Sp∂p a\p-jy-

]pX\pw, aviolm-bpw, ZmhoZp]pX\pw Hs°-bm-Wv. X∂n-emWp kI-

eXpw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

3. tbip-In-kvXp-hn-s\-∏‰n ]kvXm-hn-°p-tºmƒ, Ahn-SpsØ

sFln-Iip-iq-j-sb-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°pw. \∑ -sNbvXp sIm≠p Kmaw-

tXmdpw ]´-Ww-tXmdpw k©-cn-®Xpw tcmKn-Isf kuJy-am-°n-b-Xpw,

kz¿Kob ktµ-i-ßƒ kc-f-ambn ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-ØXpw F√mw

AXn¬s∏-Spw.

4. tbip-hns‚ ]oUm-\p-`-h-Øn\p IqSp-X¬ i‡o-I-cWw \¬In.

Iqip bmZr-›n-Itam, BI-kvan-Itam Bbn D≠m-b-X-√. ssZthm-t±-

iy-Ønepw ]≤-Xn-bnepw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xs‚ ]oUm-\p-`-

h-sØ-∏‰n IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ Zmk-\n¬°q-Snbpw (sbi. 53) a‰p ]h-N-\-

ß-fn¬°q-Snbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. aviolm F∂ \ne-bn¬ Ahn-

Sp∂p IjvSw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p.

42 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

5. tbip Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fn≥]-Imcw IjvSw A\p-`-hn®p F∂p

amX-a-√, Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-fn≥]-Imcw Dbn¿sØ-gpt∂¬°bpw sNbvXp

(1 sImcn. 15:3f). CXp i‡-ambn A∏kvtXm-e-∑m¿ ]tLmjn-®p.

]pXnb-\nba-Øns‚ ÿmbn-bmb Hcp hnizm-kam-W-Xv. BZn-tbmS¥w

AXns‚ ]Xn-[z\n a\- n-em-°mw.

6. InkvXp-hns‚ ]oUm-\p-`-hw, Dbn¿∏v F∂n-h-bn¬ IqSn Ahn-

Sp∂p ssZh-Øns‚ he-Øp- m-K-tØ°p Db¿Ø-s∏- p. AXm-bXv Ahn-

Sp∂p kI-e-Øn-t∑epw A[n-Im-chpw I¿Ør-Xz-hp-ap-≈-h-\mbn Ah-

tcm-[n°s∏-´p. ]pXnb krjvSn-bpsS i‡n-tIµ-hpw, \nbm-a-I-i-

‡nbpw Ahn-Sp-∂p-X-s∂.

7. tbip-In-kvXp- aqew kwPm-X-amb ]pXnb a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn-

s‚-ta¬ ssZhw Xs‚ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Ab-®p. Aßs\ Ah¿

]pXp-i-‡nbpw ]pXnb e£y-hp-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-Øo¿∂p. Cu ]pXnb

kaqlw (k-`) ssZh-Øns‚ P\-amWv; km£m¬ bnkm-tb¬.

8. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu ]pXnb bnkm-tben¬ ]m]-tam-N-\hpw A\p-

c-RvP-\hpw e`y-am-Wv. AXn-\mbn F√m-h-scbpw Blzm\w sNøp∂p.

9. ]nXm-hns‚ he-Øp-`m-KØv Ccn-°p∂ I¿Øm-hmb InkvXp-

Xs∂ temIsØ \ymbw hn[n-∏m≥ ho≠pw hcpw. Aßs\ Ahn-

Sp∂p D¬Lm-S\w sNbvX ]pXnb bpKhpw, ]pXnb krjvSnbpw kºq-

¿W-X-bn-te°p sIm≠p-h-cpw. At∏m-gm-bn-cn°pw Ahn-SpsØ ]hr-

Øn-bpsS ]q¿Øo-I-c-Ww.

ta¬∏-d™ LS-I-ßƒ F√mw-Xs∂ Hmtcm ]kw-K-Ønepw D≠m-

bn-cn-°-W-sa-∂n-√. F¶nepw Ah-bn¬ an°Xpw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m≠p

timXm-°-fpsS ]›m-Ø-eØn\pw kml-NcyØn\pw A\p-k-c-W-ambn

i‡o-I-cWw \¬In Ah-X-cn-∏n-°pIbmbn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv. Cu

]tLm-j-W-Øn\p Ko°n¬ "sIdp‹m' (Kerugma) F∂pw kpdn-bm-

\n-bn¬ "tImdq-kqtkm' F∂pw ]d-bpw (Gh≥tKen-tbm≥ hmbn-°p-

∂-Xn\p apºp≈ BapJ hm°p-I-fn¬ ]´-°m-c≥ ]d-bp-∂-Xv "Poh≥

\¬Ip∂ ]tLm-jWw' F∂-tX). kphn-ti-jsØ°pdn-®p≈ B[p-

\nI ]T\w Cu "sIdp‹m'bv°p henb ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p.

ta¬∏-d™ LS-I-ßƒ A∏kvtXm-enI ]tLm-j-W-Øns‚ Hcp

"Aÿn-]-RvPcw' (Skeleton) amX-am-Wv. a÷bpw, amwkhpw \¬In

AXns\ kPo-hhpw, kmµ¿`n-I-hp-amb ktµ-i-am-°n-Øo¿°p-am-bn-

cp-∂p. Ahn-sS-bmWp ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]h¿Ø-\hpw Ir]m-h-chpw

43]Imi-Øn-te°v

D≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. k -bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂pw, Bflm-hn-ep≈ AXns‚

A\p-`-h-Øn¬\n∂pw A\y-amb Hcp ]tLm-j-W-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. k`-

bpsS apgp-h\mb ipiq-j-bpsS ]›m-Ø-eØn¬ ˛ kuJy-am-°p-I,

]Tn-∏n-°p-I, ]m]-tamN\w \¬IpI apX-em-bh ˛ amXta ]tLm-j-

WsØ ImWmhq. A∏-kvtXm-enI k` ]tLm-jn-®Xp InkvXp-hns‚

Pohn-Xw, ac-Ww, Dbn¿∏v apX-emb Imcy-ßsf tIhew KX-Im-e-kw`-

h-ß-fm-bn´√. ]XypX, Xß-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ Aen-™p-tN¿∂Xpw,

Pohn-XsØ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-SpØn \bn-°p-∂-Xpamb bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-´m-

bn-cp∂p.

InkvXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xpw, X∂n¬ hkn-°p-∂-Xp-amb

InkvXo-b-k-`bv°p kphn-tijw Hcp ktµ-i-a√; `qX-Ime kw`-h-

ß-fpsS A\p-kva-c-W-bp-a-√. A\p- -h-th-Zyambn-Øo¿∂n- p≈ BfloI

bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. Hcp Ip™ns‚ acWw \mw ]X-Øn¬ hmbn-°p-

Itbm, tI´-dn-bp-Itbm sNøp-tºmƒ \Ωn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]Xn-I-cWw

F¥m-bn-cn°pw? F∂m¬ B kw`hw B Ip™ns‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°-

fnepw kz¥w IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fnepw D≠m-°p∂ ]Xn-I-cWw \n›-b-

ambpw \ap-°p-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°pw.

GXm≠v AXp-t]mse "InkvXp-kw-`hw' (Christ - event) A¿∞-

]q¿Whpw \nkvXp-e-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂Xp InkvXp-hn¬ hkn-°p∂

hnizm-kn-Iƒ°mWv. B bmYm¿∞y-atX Ah¿ hm°n-epw, Bcm-[-

\-bnepw Pohn-X-Ønepw F√mw ]tLm-jn-°bpw km£o-I-cn-°bpw

sNøp-∂-Xv.

]tLm-j-W-Øn¬ qX-Ime kw`h-ß-fpsS Bhnjv°-cWw amX-

a√; Ah-bpsS A¿∞hpw ]k-‡nbpw Db¿Øn°mWn°p-I-bm-Wv.

At∏m-gtX AXp bYm¿∞-Øn¬ "sIdpKvam' Bbn-Øo-cpI. "InkvXp-

kw- hw' ssZh-Øns‚ Zo¿L-amb Dt±-iy-Øn-s‚bpw ]≤-Xn-bp-sSbpw

]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw, kz¥w Pohn-X-Øn¬ AXp hcp-

Øp∂ A\p- hw shfns∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøptºmgmWp "]tLm-jWw'

i‡-hpw, Zo]vX-hp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-Xv.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. A∏kvtXme ]tLmj-W-Øns‚ D≈-S°w F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

2. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]tLmjWØn\p henb ÿm\w \¬In-bn-

cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. C∂p \ΩpsS k -bn¬ AXn-\p≈ ÿm\-

sa¥v? C∂sØ t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Fs¥√mw? ]cn-l-cn-°m-\p≈

\n¿t±-i-ßƒ \¬Ip-I.

44 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

3. A∏-kvtXme ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ ]tXm-kv, ]utemkv F∂n-h-cpsS

]kw-K-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-®v, Ah-bnse ][m\ hnj-b-ßƒ I≠p-

]n-Sn-°p-I.

]mTw 2

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

kphn-ti-jw -F-∂m¬ F¥v? \mep kphn-ti-jßƒ Dt≠m?

\mep kphn-ti-jßfpw XΩn-ep≈ kmay-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ ka-

ho£W kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

A∏-kvtXme]tLmjWw F¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂p Ign™ ]mT-

Øn¬ \mw I≠p. "kphn-tijw' F∂Xv A∏kvtXme ]tLmjW-

Øn¬ \n∂pcpØn-cn-™-Xm-Wv. AXp tIhew Poh-N-cn-X-a-√. IYm-

hn-jvIcWa-√; A\p-kva-c-W-°pdn-∏p-I-fp-a-√. F∂m¬ Ch-bpsS F√mw

Awiw kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ D≠p- Xm-\pw.

"kphn-tijw' F∂Xv "Gh≥tK-en-tbm≥' F∂ Ko°p-]-Z-Øn¬

\n-∂mWv. A¿∞w, "kphm¿Ø,' "kZvhm¿Ø' F∂tX. a\p-jy-h¿K-

Øn\p apgp-h\pw th≠nbp≈ kZvhm¿ØbmWp AXpƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv.

AXp Ncn-X-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn® ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬

tIµo-Ir-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p (tdm-a. 1:1˛2). InkvXp-hn¬°qSn A\p-`-h-

th-Zy-am-Ip∂ ]pXnb A\p-`-h-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬, Ahn-Sp∂v Bcm-

Ip∂p F∂pw, F¥p-]-tZ-in-°bpw, ]h¿Øn-°bpw sNbvXp-sh∂pw

shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-b-tX. BZy-L- -Øn¬ kphn-tijw hmNn-I-cq-]-Øn¬

(hmsamgn) ]N-cn-®p. InkvXp-hn-\p-tijw GXm≠p aq∂c Zi-I-Øn\p-

tijw amX-amWp enJn-X-cq-]-Øn¬ kphn-tijw ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

Aßs\ D≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-\p≈ Imc-Whpw kml-N-cyhpw ap≥ A≤ym-

b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®n- p-≠v. H∂mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-tØm-Sp-IqSn \mep

kphn-ti-j-ßfpw ]Nm-c-Øn¬ h∂p. "\mep kphn-ti-j-ßƒ' F∂p

hntijn∏n°p-∂Xv bYm¿∞-Øn¬ sX‰m-Wv. kphn-tijw Ht∂-

bp≈p. AXp ssZh-]p-X-\mb InkvXp-hns\ Ipdn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

F∂m¬ AtX-∏-‰n-bp≈ \mep ho£-W-ßfpw \mev Ah-X-c-W-ß-fp-

amWp \mep kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv: Ah Ime-tZ-i-ßƒ°-

\p-k-cWam-bn ]I¿∂p-h∂ ]mc-º-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂p cq]w ]m]n-®-

45]Imi-Øn-te°v

XmWv: k`-bpsS kPo-h-]m-c-º-cy-ß-fm-Ip∂p kphn-ti-j-c-N-\-bpsS

]nºn-ep-≈-Xv. Hmtcm Fgp-Øp-Im-c-\pw, Xt‚-Xmb kml-N-cy-ßfpw

Bh-iy-ßfpw a\- n-em°n kz¥-amb hne-bn-cp-Øepw, hni-I-e-\hpw

sNbvXmWp ]mc-º-cyhkvXp-X-Isf tImUo-I-cn®v Ah-Xcn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-

∂-Xv.

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw

ÿmbn-bmb cq]hpw ktµ-ihpw kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ H∂m-sW-

¶nepw kphn-ti-j-ßƒ XΩn¬ ]Xy-£-amb hyXymkw ImWmw.

BZyw i≤-bn¬s∏-Sp-∂Xv BZysØ aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ß-fpw (k-a-

ho-£W kphntijßƒ) tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jhpw XΩn-ep≈

hyXymkamWv. hfsc ka-K-ambn amXw ChnsS ]Xn-]m-Zn-°mw.

1. tbip-hns‚ ipiqj: Hcp h¿jw sIm≠-h-km-\n-°p∂ hn[-

amWp ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ß-fn-te-Xv. tbml-∂m-\n¬ Ipd-™Xp

aq∂p h¿jw \o≠p\n¬°p-∂p. aq∂p s]k-lm-bn¬ tbip kw_-

‘n°p∂Xmbn tbml∂m≥ hnhcn°p∂p; amX-a-√, tbip ]e

]mhiyw sbdp-i-te-w kµ¿in-°p-∂p-ap-≠v.

2. D]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep≈ hyXymkw: kam-¥c kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ \nin-

Xhpw Du¿÷kz-ehp-amb ]kvXm-h-ßfpw Poh-kp‰ D]-a-Ifpw Z¿-

in°mw. tbml-∂m-\n¬ kpZo¿Lhpw, k¶o¿W-hp-amb ]`m-j-W-

ß-fm-Wv. D]-a-I-tf-bn-√. ]Xn-]m-Zy-hn-j-b-ßfpw hyXy-kvX-ß-f-tX.

ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ssZh-cm-Py-Øn\v Du∂¬ sImSp-°p-

tºmƒ tbml-∂m-\n¬ InkvXp Bsc∂pw, X\n°p ]nXmhn-t\m-Sp≈

_‘-sa-s¥∂pw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv.

3. A¤p-X-ß-fpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw: kam-¥c kphn-ti-j-ßfn¬

A¤p-X-ß-fpw hocy-]-hr-Øn-Ifpw NnX-dn-°n-S-°p-∂p. tbml-∂m≥

GsgÆw amXw sXc-s™-SpØv Ahsb "AS-bm-f-ß-fmbn' NnXo-I-

cn-°-bpw, Ah-bn¬°qSn InkvXp-hns‚ Bf-XzsØ Ipdn-°p∂ kXy-

ßƒ hy‡-am-°p-I-bp-am-Wv (a-Whmf\mb InkvXp, c£-I\mb

InkvXp, Pohs‚ A∏-amb InkvXp, ]Im-i-amb InkvXp, D∞m-

\hpw Poh-\p-amb InkvXp). tbml-∂m-\n¬ qtXm-®m-S\w H∂pw Xs∂-

bn-√.

aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ß-fp-b¿Øp∂ ]iv\w

BZysØ aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ß-sf ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ßƒ

(Synoptic Gospels) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. ImcWw Ah kam-¥-c-ambn

46 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Htc ho£-W-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ch XΩn-ep≈

kmayhpw ]c-kv]c _‘hpw kphn-tij ]Tn-Xm-°sf BI¿jn-°m-

Xn-cn-°-bn√. X¬^-e-ambn Db¿∂p-h∂ ]iv\-amWp (Synoptic prob-lem) \man-t∏mƒ N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv.

1. Ah XΩn¬ ]e Xc-Øn-ep≈ kmay-ßƒ Z¿in-°mw.

(a) D≈-S°w: a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Ønse (Ko-°v) samØw

661 hmIy-ß-fn¬ 606 FÆw aØm-bn-bnepw 302 FÆw eqt°m-knepw

ImWmw. a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw a‰p c≠nepw hf-sc-b-[n-I-ambn

Dƒs°m≈n®n-cn-°p-∂p.

b) s]mXp cq]-tcJ: aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ßfpw tbip-hns‚ ipiq-

jsb Htc-hn-[-Ønepw Ia-Øn-ep-amWv Ah-X-cn-∏n®n- p-≈-Xv. tbm¿±m≥

\Zn-bnse kv\m\w, acp-`q-an-bnse D]-hm-kw, Keo-e-bnse ]c-ky-

ipiqj, sbdp-i-te-an-te-°p≈ bmX, ]oUm-\p-`-hw, ac-Ww, Dbn¿∏v

F∂n-ß-s\-bm-Wv. ]e kw`-h-ßfpw Htc Ia-Ønepw XpS¿®-bn-ep-

am-Ip-∂p.

c) ]Zm-\p-]Z s]mcpØw: aqe-`m-j-bn¬ amXta C°mcyw hy‡-

ambn a\- n-em-Iq. Htc mj-bnepw ssien-bnepw Htc kw`hw hnh-cn-

°p-∂Xp i≤-bn¬s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°-bn-√. DZm. a¿t°m. 2:10, aØm. 9:6,

eqt°m. 5:24. aq∂nepw Htc hmNI LS-\bpw ssien-bp-am-Wv. CXp-

t]mse a‰-t\Iw `mK-ß-fp-ap≠v (a¿t°m. 1:16; aØm. 4:13; a¿t°m.

2:21, aØm. 9:15, eqt°m. 5:35). A¢n-jvS-ß-fmb Nne `mjm-]-tbm-K-

ßƒ aq∂nepw Htc-hn-[-Øn¬ ImWmw.

2. hyXym-k-ßƒ: aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-

ßƒ kmay-ß-tf-°mƒ ]T-\m¿l-am-Wv. amtam-Zo-km, ]tem-`-\w, adp-

cq]w, ]p\-cp-∞m\w Ch-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ ]e hyXym-k-

ß-fpw ImWmw. AXp-t]mse Ah-X-c-W-I-a-Ønepw hyXymkw ]I-

S-am-Wv. DZm. aØm-bnbpw eqt°mkpw, tbip-hns‚ c≠m-a-sØbpw

aq∂m-a-sØbpw ]tem-`\w Htc Ia-Øn-e√ \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

Hmtcm kphn-ti-j-I\pw a‰p-≈-hcn¬ ImWmØ X\-Xmb Nne

`mK-ßƒ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. eqt°mkn¬ CXp IqSp-Xembn ImWmw. tbip-

hns‚ P\-\sØ kw_-‘n® IY-Iƒ aØm-bn-bnepw eqt°m-knepw

hn`n-∂-am-Wv. a¿t°mkv Ah-sbm∂pw kzoI-cn-®n-´n-√. Cßs\ ]e-

Xp-ap-≠v.

47]Imi-Øn-te°v

At∏mƒ \ΩpsS apºn¬ Db¿∂phcp∂ ]iv\-ßƒ (1) F¥p-

sIm≠p aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ßfpw XΩn¬ CX-b-[nIw kmay-hy-Xym-

k-ßƒ? (2) F¥p-sIm≠p c≠p kphn-ti-j-ßƒ (a-Øm-bn, eqt°mkv)

XΩn¬ IqSp-X-emb kmay hyXym-k-ßƒ? (3) Fßs\ Hmtcm-cp-

Ø¿°pw ]tXy-I-amb `mK-ßƒ D≠mbn?

Chbv°p ]cn-lmcw \n¿t±-in-°p-I-btX "ka-ho-£-W-]iv\w'

ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xv. AXp Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ hn[-Øn-em-Wv. (a) hmNn-

I-cq-]-Øn¬ kphn-tijw ]N-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ "kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬'

kmay-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Hmtcm kphn-ti-j-I\pw s]mXp-

hmb ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬\n∂p kzoI-cn-®-Xn-\m¬ kmayhpw hyXy-kvX-

ssI-h-gnI-fn¬°qSn ]m]n-®Xn-\m¬ hyXymkhpw \ymboI-cn-°mw.

F∂m¬ Htc Ia-Ønepw, Htc `mj-bnepw Htc ssien-bnepw ]e

`mK-ßfpw Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ hmsam-gn-bm-bp≈ ]mc-º-cy-Øn¬-

\n∂p AXp kw`-hn-°pI km[y-a-√. enJn-X-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c

_‘-Øn-te°p hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂p.

ZzntcJm kn≤m¥w: hni-Z-amb ]T-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ aØm-

bn-bpw, eqt°mkpw, a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jsØ Bi-bn®pw, D]-

tbm-Kn-®pamWv Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≈Xv F∂ \nK-a-\-Øn-se-Øn. At∏mƒ

BZyw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-´p-≈Xp a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-sa∂p hcp-∂p.

CXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb A`n-]m-bhpw C√m-Xn-√. AXm-b-Xv, BZyw

cNn-®Xp aØm-bn-bp-tS-Xm-sW-∂pw, a¿t°mkv AXns‚ kwt£-]-cq]-

am-sW∂pw; eqt°mkv, a¿t°m-kn-s\bpw a‰p Nne ZrIvkm£n hnh-

c-Wßtfbpw D]-Po-hn®p Xs‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn\p cq]w \¬In. ASp-

ØImew hscbpw tdmam-k- -bn¬ \ne-\n∂pt]m∂ A`n-]m-b-an-XmWv.

F∂m¬ C∂p IqSp-X¬ imkvXo-b-amb ]T-\-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬

a¿t°m-kns‚ ]mY-an-IXzw F√mhcpw AwKo-Icn-°p-∂p. amX-a-√,

a‰p c≠p kphn-ti-j-I-∑mcpw a¿t°m-kns\ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p≠v F∂p-

≈-Xpw.

a¿t°m-kn¬ I¿Øm-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-`m-K-ßƒ Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-

hmWv. aØm-bnbnepw eqt°mknepw CXp hfsc Zo¿Lambn´p≠v;

AXn\p hfsc kmay-hp-ap-≠v. AXn¬ \n∂v A\p-am-\n-°m-hp-∂Xv Cu

c≠p kphn-ti-j-I-∑m-cpw, a¿t°m-kns‚ enJn-X-cq]w IqSmsX as‰mcp

tcJ D]-tbm-Kn®p F∂m-Wv. D]-tZ-i-ßfpw Acp-f-∏m-Sp-I-fp-amWv

CXnse D≈-S-°w. Cu tcJ \mfn-Xp-hsc I≠p-]n-Sn-®n-´n-√. P¿Ω≥

]fin-X-∑m¿ "aqew' (Source) F∂¿∞-ap≈ "Quelle' (Np-cp-s°-gpØv

= Q) F∂-Xn\p t]cp \¬In. Cu Q kn≤m¥w AwKo-I-cn-°mØ

48 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]e-cp-ap-≠v F¶nepw _lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw AXv AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v. Ncn-

X-Im-c-\pw ssIk-cy-bnse _nj-∏p-am-bn-cp∂ bqko-_n-bkv (G. Un.

260- 340) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-≈Xv CXn-s\-°p-dn-®m-bn-cn-°ptam? "aØmbn

F_m-b-`m-j-bn¬ (A-d-am-b) Acp-f-∏m-Sp-Iƒ (logia) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-

Ibpw Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw Ah-c-h-cpsS Ign-h-\p-k-cn®v AXp `mjm-¥-c-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.' Gjym-ssa-\-dnse t]∏n-bmkv (G. Un. 60-

˛130) C]-Imcw ]kvXm-hn-®-Xm-bn- mWp ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Cu D≤-c-Wn-bpsS

hymJym\w hmZ-]-Xn-hm-Z-ßƒ Df-hm-°n-bn-´p-≈-XmWv. amX-a-√, Cu

k¶-ev]-Ir-Xn-bpsS (Q) hni-Zmw-i-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw A`n-]m-bm-¥-c-ap-≠v.

F¶nepw I¿Øm-hns‚ Znhy-sam-gn-I-fmWp ][m-\-amb D≈-S-°-sa∂p

Icp-Xp-∂p. GXm-bmepw a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jhpw "Q' tcJ-bp-

amWp ][m-\-s∏´ c≠p aqe-ßƒ F∂p Nn¥n-°p-∂p.

NXp¿tcJm kn≤m¥w: Zzntc-Jm-kn-≤m¥w F√m Imcy-ßfpw

hy‡-am-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-a-√. aØm-bn-bn-epw, eqt°m-knepw, Ah-c-

h¿°p amX-ap-≈ `mK-ßƒ D≠v. Ahbv°v F¥p hni-Zo-I-cWw

\¬Ipw? AXn\p adp-]-Sn-bmbn aØm-bn°p ]tXy-I-amb Hcp aqehpw

(M) eqt°m-kn\p X\-Xmb (L) as‰mcp aqehpw D≠m-bncp-∂n-cn-°Ww.

At∏mƒ a¿t°mkv Q, aØm-bn°p amX-ap-≈-Xv, eqt°m-kn\p amX-

ap-≈Xv F∂n-ßs\ \mep aqe-ß-fmWp kam-¥c kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS

]nºn-ep-≈-sX∂ A\p-am-\-Øn¬ FØn-t®cp∂p.

ta¬°m-Wn® NnXw AXp D∂-bn-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ hfsc kzoIm-cy-

ambn ]e¿°pw tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ CXp kw_-‘-amb F√m

tNmZy-ßƒ°pw AXp Xr]vXn-I-c-amb DØ-c-am-Ip∂p F∂p Xo¿Øpw

]d-bm-hp-∂-X-√. ]pXn-b-\n-ba ]fin-X-∑m¿ IqSp-X¬ hni-Zhpw,

imkvXo-b-hp-amb ]T\w XpS¿∂psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂p. NXp¿tcJm kn≤m-

¥-Øn-\p-a-∏p-d-ambn IqSp-X¬ aqe-tc-J-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-hm≥ Ign-bptam

F∂p≈ iaw Hcp hiØp \S-°p-∂p. AtXkabw Hmtcm kphn-ti-

j-I\pw kz¥w thZ-im-kvX-]-camb e£y-ßƒ t\Sp-∂-Xn-\p-th≠n

Fßs\ Hmtcm IrXnbpw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂p I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p≈

iahpw \S-°p-∂p-≠v. enJn-X-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS aqe-

\n-cq-]-W-tØ-°mƒ (Source Criticism) C∂p IqSp-X¬ i≤bpw Xm¬∏-

cyhpw, hmNn-I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-em-Wv. cq]-hn-a¿i-\hpw (Fo-rm Criticism) cN-\m-N-cnX \ncq-]-Whpw (Redaction Criticism) Cu taJ-

e-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. kphn-tij cN-\-sb-∏-‰n-bpw, kphn-ti-j-I-

cpsS Dƒ°m-gvN, e£yw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®pw IqSp-X¬ Adnhp

]kvXpX ]T-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂p e`n-°p-∂p-≠v.

49]Imi-Øn-te°v

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-jhpw kam-¥-c-kp-hn-ti-j-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈

kmay-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

2. BZysØ aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈ kmay-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ

I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-I.

3. "ka-ho-£-W-]iv\w' F¥v F∂p kw£n-]vX-ambn ]d-bpI; AXn-

\p≈ G‰w Xr]vXn-I-c-amb hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬Ip-I.

]mTw 3

a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw:

k-hntijXIƒ

K-Ÿ-I¿Ømhv; Fgp-Xnb kml-Ncyw e£yw kp-hn-ti-

jØns‚ khn-ti-j-XIƒ ssZh-imkvX ho£-Ww InkvXp

kl-\-Øns‚ DØa amXrI

]Yaambn Fgp-X-s∏´ kphn-tijw a¿t°m-kn-t‚Xv F∂p \mw

I≠p. kPohhpw kXyk‘hpamb Ah-X-cW-atX AXn-ep-≈Xv.

Bscbpw BI¿jn°p∂ bYm¿∞amb Cu IrXn Fgp-Xn-bXv

BcmWv? KŸ-Im-cs\-∏‰n Cu IrXnbn¬ hy‡-amb bmsXmcp kqN-

\-bp-an-√. F∂m¬ 14:51- ˛¬ A⁄mX\mamhmb Hcp bphmhv `b-

NInX-\mbn hkvX-ap-t]-£n®v \·-\mbn HmSn-t∏m-Ip∂ NnXw \¬Ip-

∂Xv Bfl-N-cn-X-sa∂p Nne¿ Icp-Xp-∂p.

]pXnb-\n-b-a-Øn¬ a¿t°m-kn-s\-∏‰n ]e mKØpw ImWp-∂p≠v

(A. ]: 12-:12˛25; 13:5, 15:36. sImtem. 4:10, ^nte. 2:4. 2 Xnsam. 4:11).

sbcq-itean¬ h-\-ap≈ adn-bm-ans‚ aI≥ (Cu h-\Øn-em-bn-cp∂p

I¿Ømhpw injy∑mcpw ktΩ-fn-®n- p-≈-Xv); _¿∂-_m-kns‚ _‘p;-

]utem-kns‚ BZysØ anj-\dnbmX-bn¬ kl-Im-cnbpw ]n∂oSv

tdmanse _‘-\-Øn¬ kl-hm-knbpw; ]tXm-kns‚ h’-e≥ Cu

\ne-I-fn-sem-s°-bmWp ImWp-∂-Xv. Ct±lw Ae-Ivk-≠n-bm-bn¬

k` ÿm]n-®psh∂mWp ]mcº-cyw. tIm]v‰n-Ivk` a¿t°mkns‚

knwlm-k\w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v.

50 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Cu a¿t°mkp Xs∂bmWp kphntijw FgpXnbsX∂v

GXm≠p km¿h-Xn-I-ambn hniz-kn-°p-∂p. c≠mw \q‰m-≠nse t]∏n-

bm-kns‚ D≤cWn Ncn-XImc≥ bqko_nbkv \¬Inbn´p≈Xp

Ign™ A≤ym-bØn¬ tN¿Øn- p-≠v. AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xv: (1) ]tXm-

kns‚ kl-Nm-cnbpw, Zzn`m-jn-bp-am-bn-cp∂p a¿t°m-kv. (2) ]tXm-

kn¬ \n∂p tI´ ]kw-K-ß-fmWv a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijØn-\m-

[mcw. (3) F∂m¬ Ah Ia-am-bn-´√ a¿t°mkv Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.

]tXmkns‚ c‡km£nacWØn\ptijw a¿t°mkv kphn-

tijw Fgp-Xn-sb∂p a‰p k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p

(PÃn≥ am¿´n-b¿, sFtd-\n-bkv, Ptdmw). B¥-cn-I-amb ]e sXfn-

hp-Ifpw _mly-amb ]mcºcyßfpw a¿t°mkmWv CXns‚ Fgp-

ØpImc≥ F∂p sXfn-bn°p∂p. A∏kvtXme\√mØ Hcm-fpsS

kphn-tijw BZn-a-k- -bn¬ B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥

CS-bm-bXv CXn\p ]tXm-kp- «olm-bp-am-bn-´p≈ _‘-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\ØnemWv.

cN-\mIm-ehpw ÿehpw

s]mXp-hmb A`n-]m-bw, F. Un. 70 \p apºpw (A-∂mWv sbcq-i-

te-ans‚ \miw) ]tXm-kns‚ c‡-km£nacWØn\p -tijhpw

FgpXs∏´p F∂mWv. At∏mƒ G. -Un. 65-˛\pw 67-˛-\p-an-Sbv°p cNn-

°-s∏´p F∂p ]d-bmw. tdmanse sblq-tZ-Xc InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p

th≠n tdman¬ h-®p -X-s∂-bmWv FgpX-s∏-´-Xv. blqZ]mc-º-cy-ßƒ

]eXpw hni-Zo-I-cn®p sImSp-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v A\p-hm-N-I¿ blq-Z-c-

√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p ImWmw (7:3-˛4; 14:12; 15:42). amX-a-√, eØo≥ ]Z-

ß-fpsS kzm[o\w tdma≥P-\-X-bv°mWv FgpXnbsX∂p kqNn∏n-

°p∂p. ]oU\w A\p`-hn®psIm≠n-cn°p∂ Hcp k`sb-∏‰n CXn-

ep≈ kqN-\-Ifpw A¿∞-K¿`-amWv (8:34-˛38, 10:38, 39; 13:9-˛13).

e£yw

1. sRcp°w A\p-`-hn-°p∂ ssIkvXh ktlm-Z-c-ßsf ss[cy-

s∏-SpØn Biz-kn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ssIkvX-h-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ kl-\-Øn-

\p≈ ]m[m\yw Fs¥∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw ian-°p-∂p.

2. Iqins‚ kXyw ]pd-Øp-≈-h¿°v A⁄m-Xhpw XS-ß¬]m-d-

bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Iqiv Hcp ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp∂pthm? A√ F∂p ImWn-

°p-hm\mWp a¿t°mkv DZy-an-°p∂Xv. AXn-\m¬ tbip-hns‚ ]oUm-

\p`h-sØ∏‰n hnkvXr-X-ambn ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. Iqiv ssZh-kvt\-

51]Imi-Øn-te°v

lsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. At\-I¿°p-th≠n adp-hn-e-bmbn tbip

Xs‚ Pohs\ A¿∏n-°btX sNbvX-Xv. AXp-hgn ]nXm-hns‚ Xncp-

hnjvSw \ndth‰pIbmbncp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m\w ssZh-

Øns‚ BXy-¥n-I-hn-Pbw Ipdn-°p-∂p. Cu kXyw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

lrZ-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-°p-hm≥ a¿t°mkv ian°p-∂p.

kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ

1. a¿t°m-kns‚ kw -h-hn-h-c-Wßƒ Xmc-X-tay\ angn-hp-‰-h-bmWv.

Hcp ZrIvkm£n hnh-c-W-Øns‚ ta∑-b-Xn-\p-≠v. tbip Ip™p-ßsf

ssII-fn-se-SpØv AW-bv°p∂p (9:36; 10:13-˛16); ]pcp-jmcsØ Aº-

Xpw \qdpw hoX-ap≈ ]¥nI-fm-bn-cpØp∂p (6:40); h©n-bn¬ Aa-

cØp Xe-bn-W-h®v Dd-ßp∂p (4:38); tbip injy-∑m¿°p apºmbn

\S∂p (10:32). Chsbms° ]tXmkns‚ kvacWI-fn¬\n∂p a¿t°m-

kn\p e`n-®-h-bm-Wv.

tbiphns‚ mh-ßfpw hnNm-c-ßfpw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xnepw a¿-

t°mkv hnP-bn-®n´p-≠v. tbip Bg-am-bn s\Spho¿∏n´p (7:34; 8:12);

Ahn-Sp∂p a\ -en™p (6:34); AhnSptØ°p [m¿anItcmjap-≠mbn

(3:5; 8:33; 10:14). [\n-I\mb bphm-hns\ I≠-t∏mƒ D≈n¬ kw]oXn

tXm∂n "hm’-ey-]q¿hw ISm£n®p' (10:21). a‰m-tcbpwt]mse tbip

hnImchn-Nm-c-ßƒ D≈ Hcp ]q¿Wa-\pjy≥ F∂ NnXw Dcp-Øncn-

bp-∂p.

2. Ko°n¬ kphn-tijw Fgp-Xnsb¶n-epw, Ad-amb mj-bn-emWp

a¿t°mkv Nn¥n®ncp∂-Xv. \Ωn¬ ]ecpw aebmfØn¬ Nn¥n®v Cw•o-

jn¬ Fgp-Xp-∂-Xp-t]mse. ]e Ad-amb ]Z-ßfpw hni-Zo-I-c-W-

klnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. DZm: XeoØm Iqan (_mte Fgp-

t∂¬°) 5:41; F^Øm (Xp-d∂p hcn-I) 7:34; sIm¿_m≥ (hgn]mSv)

7:11; (]n-Xmth) A∫m. 14:36; Gtem-ln, Gtemln eΩm i∫-‡m\n

(Fs‚ ssZhta Fs‚ ssZhta Fs∂ ssIhn-´-sX-¥v) 15:34. ]e-

kvXo-\n¬ P\n-®p-hf¿∂ FgpØp-Im-cs‚ amXr`mj Ad-amb Bbn-

cp∂p F∂v Ch kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. eØo≥]-Z-ßfpw Aßn-ßmbn

ImWmw. Ah-sb-√mw-X-s∂ kmt¶-Xn-I-]-Z-ß-fm-Wv. hmb-\-°m-cmb

tdmam-°m¿°v Ah kp]-cn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. DZm. Zot\m-dm, eoPn-b≥,

sk©q-dn-b≥, t]t‰m-dnbw XpS-ßn-b-h. hn≥k‚ v sSbve¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv,

"kØm-]-cambn blqZInkvXy≥ ]mcºcyamsW¶nepw sblq-tZ-Xc-

In-kvXym-\n-Iƒ°pth≠nbmWv Cu kphn-tijw hnc-Nn-Xamb-Xv.'

52 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

3. A∏kvtXme-∑mcpsS _e-lo\X-Iƒ ad-®p-h-bv°p-hm≥

bmsXmcp iahpw ImWp-∂n-√. t\sca-dn®p bYmXY-ambn Ah-Xcn-

∏n-°-btX sNøp-∂-Xv. DZm. 4:40; 5:31; 6:49, 52; 9:19; 14:27-˛31. Nne

hyXym-k-ßƒ hcpØn aØmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂Xp it≤bamWv. -

D-Zm. sk_-Zn-]p-X-∑m¿ tbip-hns\ kao-]n-®v, ssZh-cm-Py-Øn¬

heØpw CSØpw Ccn-∏m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw At\z-jn-°p-tºmƒ, aØm-

bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS AΩ tNmZn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-´mWv

(a¿t°m. 10:35; aØm. 20:21).

a¿t°m-kns‚ ssZh-imkvXw

ssZh-]p-X≥: tbip ssZh-]p-X-\mb aviolm BsW∂p≈ k`-

bpsS hnizm-k-amWp a¿t°m-kns\ BZy-h-km\w cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]Xo-

£-tbmsS B¿°p-th≠n ImØn-cp-∂pthm B aviolm Xs∂-bmWv

tbip. Ahn-Sp∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏´ A[n-Imcw Cu kXyw shfns∏Sp-

Øp-∂p. Hcp Kpcp F∂- \n-e-bn¬ Ahn-Sp∂p "imkvXn-am-sc-t∏m-se-

b√ A[n-Im-c-ap-≈-h\m-bn-´tX D]tZ-in-®Xv' (a¿t°m. 1:21). \ymb-

]-am-W-Øn-t∑epw X\n°v A[n-Im-cap≠m-bncp∂p (7:1˛13). ]mcº-

cy-ßsf ]eXpw Ahn-Sp∂p \nc-kn-°p-∂p. im_-Xnt∑epw tbip-hn\v

A[n-Im-c-ap-≠v. a\p-jy-]p-X≥ i_-Øn\pw I¿Øm-hm-Ip-∂p (2:27˛28).

tZhm-ebØnt∑¬ A[nIm-c-ap≠v F∂v Hmim\Zn-hkw ssZhmeb-

Øn¬ sNbvX ]hr-Øn-Iƒ sXfn-bn-®p (11:15-˛18). ssZh-Øn¬ amXw

\n£n-]vX-amb ]m]-tam-N-\m[n-Imcw tbip ]tbm-Kn®p (2:5˛12). Zpcm-

flm-°-fp-sS-ta¬ Ahn-Sp∂v A[n-Im-c-a-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ahsb

_ln-jvI-cn-°bpw sNbvXp (3:19-˛27). ]Ir-Xn-i-‡n-bpsSta¬ A[n-

Imcw shfns∏SpØnb kµ¿`ßfpw hnc-f-a√ (4:41˛45; 6:45˛52). ]g-b-

\n-b-a-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\pamXw Ah-Im-i-s∏´ A[n-Im-c-ß-fmWp ta¬

ImWn-®-h. Ah-bn¬°qSn tbip bYm¿∞ ssZh-]p-Xs\∂pw

hmKvZØ aviolm F∂pw sXfn-bn°p-∂p. kphn-tijw Bcw-`n-°p-

∂Xp Xs∂ "ssZh-]pX-\mb tbip-hns‚ kphn-tijw' F∂mWv

(1:1). amtam-Zo-km-bpsS ka-bØp tI´ Ai-cocn ssZh-]p-X-s\∂

kXyw ÿncoI-cn°p-∂p. Ah-km\w Iqins‚ Nph´n¬ \n∂ iXm-

[n-]≥ km£o-I-cn-°p-∂p, "Cu a\p-jy≥ ssZh-]p-X-\m-bn-cp∂p

kXyw' (15:39).

F¶n¬ F¥psIm≠mWv blq-ZaXta[mhnIƒ tbiphns\ hmKv-

ZØ aviolm Bbn AwKo-I-cn-°m-™Xv? Ah¿ ]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂

aviolmsb F¥p-sIm≠mWv tbip-hn¬ ImWm-™Xv? cmjvSob-

53]Imi-Øn-te°v

ho£W-ap≈ kmZqIycpw tltcm-Zycpw amX-a-√, aX-Xo-£-vW-X-bp-

≈ ]coi-∑mcpw tbip-hns\ Xnc-kvI-cn-®-t√m. Cu ]iv\w A∂pw

]e-scbpw Ae-´p∂ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn\v a¿t°mkv Xs‚ kphn-

ti-j-Øn¬IqSn DØcw \¬Im≥ ian-®n´p-≠v. H∂m-aXv A∂sØ

blq-Z-ta-[m-hn-I-fpsS lrZbw ITn-\-s∏-´p-t]m-bn. bmYm¿∞yw Kln-

°m-X-hÆw a\ v ac-hn-®pt]m-bn. Ah¿°p X∑qew tbip Db¿Ønb

sh√p-hnfn kzoI-cn-∏m≥ Ign-™n-√. tbip Ah¿°p XS-ß¬∏m-dbm-

bn-cp∂p F∂p a¿t°mkv Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂p. AXv aqe-°√v Ah¿°v

CS¿®-°-√m-bn-cp∂ A\p-`-h-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬ tbip F¥p-sIm≠mWp Xs‚ "aviolm- ˛ -c-lkyw' ]-c-

ky-ambn Ah-tcmSp shfn-s∏-SpØm-™Xv? ]et∏mgpw AXp tKm]y-

ambn hbv°p-hm≥ A\p-im-kn-°p∂p-≠v. AS-bmfw ImWn®v aviolm

BsW∂p sXfn-bn-°p-hm≥ Bh-iy-s∏- -t∏mgpw AXp \nc-kn°-btX

sNbvX-Xv.

Xm≥ aviolm BIp∂p kXyw. F∂m¬ Ah¿ ]Xo-£n® hn[-

ap≈ aviolm A√. Ahn-Sp∂p IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ a‰p≈-h¿°p-th≠n

Xs‚ Pohs\ adp-hnebmbns°mSp°p-∂, Hcp aviolm BIp∂p

(8:27˛34). Ahn-Sp∂p k¿∆-i-‡s‚ he-Øp-`mKØv Ccn-°p∂-h\pw

BIm-i-ta-L-ß-fn¬ hcm-\n-cn°p-∂h-\pamWv (14:61˛63). ]t£

Ct∏mƒ IjvS-s∏-tS-≠-h-\m-Wv (9:12). AXp Xncp-sh-gp-Øn≥ ]Im-c-

ambn-cp∂p.

a\p-jy-]p-X≥: aviolm BsW-¶nepw Xs‚ "aviolm clkyw

(Messianic Secret) tKm]\w sNøp-hm≥ Ahn-Sp∂p kzb-ambn D]-tbm-

Kn® t]cv "a\p-jy-]p-X≥' F∂m-bn-cp∂p. CXv Adamb mj-bnep≈

"_¿\mi' (kpdnbm\n-˛-_¿t\mtim) F∂ ]ZØns‚ hnh¿Ø\-

amWv. AXns‚ A¿∞w a\p-jy≥ F∂p amX-am-Wv. k¶o. 8:4. ]hm-

N-I-\mb slsk-°n-tb¬ "a\p-jy-]p-X≥' F∂mWp hnfn-°-s∏-Sp-

∂Xv (sb-sl. 2:2; 3:24). Zm\ntb-ens‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ "a\p-jy-]pX≥'

bnkmtb¬ P\-Øns‚ ]Xo-I-amWv (Zm-\n. 7:13˛14). As∏m-In^m

]pkvXI-amb "lmt\m°n's‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ "a\p-jy-]pX≥' kz¿Ko-

b\pw ]Xm-]-hm-\pw, temIm-h-km-\-Øn¬ \ymbm-[n-]-\mbn ]Xy-

£-s∏-Sp∂ aviolm Bbn´pamWv. At∏mƒ "a\p-jy-]p-X≥' F∂Xp

aviolm-bpsS Hcp t]cm-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬ At±lw ssZhØns‚ Zmk-

\mbn IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp-h-\m-bn-´tX Gimbm NnXoI-cn°p-∂Xv

(Gim. 52:13; 53:12). Gim-bmbpsS "btlm-h-bpsS Zmks‚' NnXoI-

54 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

cWw ]pXn-b-\n-ba Fgp-Øp-Im-sc-sb√mw hfsc kzm[o-\n-®n-´p-≈-

XmWv (G-im. 53:3-˛6). a‰p-≈-h¿°p-th≠n IjvS-s∏-Sp∂ AXnse

NnXw tbip-hn¬ amX-amWv Ah¿ A\z¿∞-ambn I≠Xv.

a¿t°mkns‚ kphnti-j-Øn¬ tbip-hns\ "a\p-jy-]p-X-\mbn'

Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-tºmƒ c≠p Imcy-ßƒ AXn¬ shfn-s∏-SpØp-∂p. (a)kzbw iq\yam°n Zmk-thjw [cn®p tkh-\-Ønepw kl-\-Ønepw

PohnXw ka¿∏n® tbip (8:31; 9:11; 10:33; 14:21). (b) temIm-h-km-\-

Øn¬ a\p-jysc hn[n-°m≥ hcp∂ A[n-Im-cnbpw ]Xm-]-hm-\pamb

InkvXp (8:38; 13:26-˛27; 14:62).

]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmbn tXm∂m-hp∂ Cu c≠v Bi-b-ßfpw a\p-

jy-]p-X≥ F∂ t]cn¬°qSn InkvXp-hn¬ A\z-bn-°-bmWp sNbvXn-

´p-≈Xv.

InkvXp- ˛ -k-l-\-Øns‚ DØa amXrI

a¿t°mkns‚ kphntijØn¬ i‡oIcWw \¬Inbncn°p-∂Xp

InkvXp-hns‚ kl-\-Øn-\m-Wv. AXns‚ AXyp®tImSn-bmWp Iqiv.

]m]-an-√mØ Hcphs‚ IjvSX-bpsS ]mcayXbm-Wv. ss__nƒ ]fin-

X-∑m¿ Cu kphn-ti-jsØ Hcm-ap-JtØm-Sp -Iq-Snb tbip-hns‚ ]oUm-

\p-`-h-N-cnXw F∂p hnfn-°m-dp-≠v. Cu kphn-tijw cNn®ImeØp

IjvSXbpw kl\hpw InkvXob Po-hn-X-Øns‚ Ahn-`mPy LS-I-

am-bn-cp-∂p. ]e-kvXo-\n-epw, tdmanepw F√mw InkvXo-b-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ

]oU A\p`-hn-t°≠ kml-Ncyw. ]tXmkpw ]utemkpw c‡-

km£nXzw hcn-®p. Cu Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ "hnizm-k-Øns‚ \mb-I-\pw,

]q¿Øn-h-cp-Øp-∂-h-\p-amb tbip-hns\' t\m°n-s°m≠v Bfl-

ss[cyhpw DtØ-P-\hpw ]m]n°bmWp th≠-Xv. Iqsi-SpØv

InkvXphns\ ]n≥]-‰phm≥ a¿t°mkv kphn-ti-j-Øn¬°qSn

Blzm\w sNøp-∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. a¿t°m-kns\∏‰n e`n-°p∂ hnh-c-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

2. a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ \nßsf ]tXy-I-ambn BI¿

jn® LS-I-ßƒ Fs¥√mw?

3. a¿t°mkv tbip-hns\ ssZh-]p-X\pw a\p-jy]p-X-\p-ambn Ah-

Xcn-∏n-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ bYm¿∞ a\p-jyXzw Db¿Øn-∏nSn-t°-

≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-sb¥v?

55]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 4

aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-tijw:

"k`m' kphntijw

F-gpØpIm-c-\pw, Fgp-Xn-b kml-Ncyhpw F-gp-Øp-Im-cs‚

e£y-ßƒ kp-hn-ti-j-Øns‚ khn-ti-j-XIƒ kp-hn-ti-j-

Is‚ ssZh-imkvXw

a¿t°mkns‚ kphntijw FgpXnb kmlN-cyhpw AXns‚

e£y-hp-sa-s¥∂p \mw I≠p. AXn¬\n∂p hyXy-kvX-amb kml-

Ncyhpw e£yhpamWp aØmbnbpsS kphn-tijØn\p ]nºnep-≈Xv.

a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jhpw "Iyp' F∂p ]d-bp∂ tcJ-bpw, Fgp-

Øp-Im-c\p ]tXy-I-ambn e`n® ]mcº-cyhpw ka\z-bn-®mWp aØm-

bn-bpsS kphn-tijw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. hkvXp-X-I-fpsS sXc-s™-

Sp-∏nepw, Ah-X-c-W-Øn-epw, Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚ ]tXyI ssZh-imkvXw

]I-Sn-Xam-Wv.

aØmbn: Np¶w ]ncn-hp-Im-c\pw tehn F∂p adp-\m-a-ap≈ (eqt°m.

5:27; a¿t°m. 2:14) h\p-amb aØmbn tbip-hns‚ 12 injy-∑m-cn¬

Hcmfm-Wv. At±lw Cu kphnti-j-sa-gpXn F∂p ]mcº-cy-ambn hniz-

kn-°p-∂p. ""InkvXp-in-jy-\mb aØmbn "tbip-hns‚ samgnIƒ'

(logia) tiJ-cn®v F_mb`mjbn¬ (Adamb) FgpXn; AXn\p hnhn[

]cn- m-j-I-fp-≠mbn'' F∂p≈ ]m∏n-bm-kns‚ ]kvXm-h-\-bmWp ]mc-

º-cyØns‚ apJy B[m-cw. c≠mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn-®n-cp∂ sFtd-

\n-tbmkpw CtX Bibw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

C∂sØ kphntijw ta¬∏d™ "Adamb kphn-tij-'-Øns‚

Ko°p]cn-`m-j-bmsW∂v Bcpw Icp-Xp-∂n-√. Hcp hnh¿Ø\IrXn-

bpsS ssienbpw coXn-bp-a√ aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn-\p-≈-Xv.

amX-a-√, Ko°p`mj-bn¬ amXw I≠p-h-cp∂ A\-h[n hm°p-Iƒ

Cu kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ ImWmw. Hcp]t£ aØmbn Fgp-Xnb Ad-

amb kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ Ko°p ]cn-`m-jbpw, a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-

ti-jhpw, a‰p Nne tcJ-Ifpw D]-tbm-Kn®v Cu kphn-tijw Fgp-Xn-

b-Xmbn Icp-Xmw. F∂m¬ AXv Bcv F∂p-≈Xv A⁄m-Xam-Wv.

aØmbnbpsS ]mcºcyw Ah-Imi-s∏-Smhp∂-Xp-sIm≠p aØmbn-bpsS

kphntijw F∂p hnfn-°p∂Xn¬ bmsXmcp A]mIXbp-an√.

56 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Fgp-Xnb kml-Ncyw

a¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw hnc-Nn-X-am-b-Xn\p c≠p Zi-I-ßƒ°p-

tijw kndn-bm-bnepw ]e-kvXo-\nepw Db¿∂ph∂ kml-N-cy-amWv

CXn\p ]nºn-ep-≈-Xv. F. Un. 70-˛¬ bdp-itew tZhm-ebw \in-∏n-°-

s∏-´p. blq-Z-a-X-Øn¬ ]co-i-∑m-cpsS t\XrXzw Db¿∂p-h-∂p. Ah-

cpsS Im]-Sy-hpw, I¿°-iamb BNm-c-hn-[n-Ifpw kXya-X-Øn¬\n∂-

hsc hyXnNen-∏n-®p. Icp-Wbpw kvt\lhpw ]pdw-X-≈n-bn´v _mly-

amb A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ°v AanX ]m[m\yw \¬In. Ah¿ hmKvZØ

aviolmsb \nc-kn-°bpw sNbvXp. Ah¿ InkvXob k`bv°v Hcp

sh√p-hn-fn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p.

k`-bv°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ hf¿∂ Hcp Nn¥, tbiphns‚ BK-a\-

tØmsS \ymb-]-amWhpw ]hm-NI-∑mcpw A]-k‡-ambn F∂mWv.

tbip-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ ]h-Nn-°m\pw, qX-ßsf ]pd-Øm-°m\pw Ign-

bp-sa∂-h-Im-is∏-´p-sIm≠p ]Xy-£-s∏´ "I≈-]-hm-NI-∑m¿'

(aØmbn 7:15 ap.) ]iv\w krjvSn-°m-Xn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kmlN-cy-ß-fn-

embn-cn-°Ww Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥, Hcp `mKØp ]coi aXsØ `’n-

°m\pw AXns‚ A]-ISw Nq≠n-°mWn-°m\pw ian-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w

\ymb-]amWsØ \o°p-hm\√ \nh¿Øn∏m-\tX tbip h∂Xv

F∂p ÿm]n°m\pw DZy-an-°p∂Xv (a-Øm-bn. 5:18 ap). "I¿Ømth!

I¿Ømth! F∂p hnfn-°p-∂h-\√ ssZh-Øns‚ CjvSw sNøp-∂-

h≥ AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏Spw' F∂p kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (7:21).

k`, kwL-S-\m-]-c-ambn IqSp-X¬ hf¿®-bpw, hym]vXnbpw ]m]n-

®n- p≈ Ah-ÿ-bm-Wn-Xn-ep-≈-Xv. CXn¬\n-s∂√mw Duln-°m-hp-∂Xv

G. Un. 80 \pw 90 -\pw CS-bv°p≈ ImeØp kndn-bm-bn¬ h®p Ko°p

kwkm-cn-°p∂ blqZ ssIkvX-h¿°p-th≠n Fgp-X-s∏´p F∂mWv.

e£yw

1. blq-Z-a-Xhpw tbip-In-kvXphpw XΩnep≈ _‘w ÿm]n-®p-

sIm≠p \ymb-]-am-Whpw ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw tbiphn¬ \ndthd-s∏´p

F∂p sXfn-bn°p-I. 2. InkvXob k`bmWv bYm¿∞ bnkm-tb¬.

tbip-hn¬ Hcp ]pXnb tamisb ImWmw. ssZhm-ebw \in-∏n-°-s∏-

´-t∏mƒ AXns‚ Bcm-[-\bv°p ]Icw InkvXob k`-bn¬ ]pXnb

Bcm-[\ km[yam-Wv. 3. tbip-hns‚ D]tZ-i-ßƒ ]g-b\n-batØ-

°mƒ FX D¬IrjvShpw, B[nImcnIhpsa∂p ImWn-°pI. 4. k`m-

]-c-amb Xmev]cyhpw Fgp-ØpIm-c-\p≠v. k`-bpsS ASnÿm\sØ-

57]Imi-Øn-te°v

∏‰n sX‰mb Nn¥-Iƒ ]N-cn-®ncp∂-Xn\m¬, AXns‚ bYm¿∞

kz`mhw, e£yw F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n shfn-s∏Sp-ØpI. 5. Db¿∂ph∂

]e tNmZyßƒ°pw DØcw \¬tI≠ (apologetic motive) Bh-iy-

hpap-≠m-bn. tbip F¥p-sIm≠v tbml-∂m-\m¬ amtam-Zokm G‰p?

tbiphns‚ icocw injy-∑m¿ I√d-bn¬\n∂pw am‰n Hfn®ph®-Xt√?

tbiphns‚ P\-\sØ kw_-‘n®pw A]-Jym-Xn-Iƒ ]N-cn-®p. Ch-

bv°p-Øcw \¬Ip-hm≥ Fgp-ØpIm-c≥ ]tXyIw i≤n-°p∂-Xmbn

ImWmw.

kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ ssZh-imkvXw

1. InkvXp ]gb\nbaØns‚ ]q¿ØoIcWw: ssZhw hmKvZm\w

sNbvXncp∂ aviolmbmWv tbip. ]nXm°∑mcpw ]hmNI∑mcpw

]Xo£n®ncp∂h≥ AhnSp∂mWv. F∂m¬ blqZ ta[mhnIƒ

Ahs\ XnckvIcn®p. Aßs\ kz¥P\Øm¬ XnckvIrX\mb

tbip Xs∂bmIp∂p bYm¿∞ InkvXp. tami F]Imcw bnkm-

tb¬P\Xsb ^dthm\n¬\n∂p hntamNn∏n®pthm A]Imcw

InkvXphmWp a\pjyh¿KØns‚ hntamNI≥.

tamibv°p kam¥cambn, AtXkabw, tamitb°mƒ anI®h-

\mbn tbiphns\ aØmbn AhXcn∏n°p∂p. tami aebn¬h®v

bnkmtben\p \nbaßƒ \¬In. AXpt]mse "]pXnb tamibm-

Ip∂' InkvXphpw aebn¬h®p Xs‚ ]t_m-[\w \¬In. F∂m¬

tamsi-sb-t∏mse a≤y-h¿Øn Bbn- \n∂p \nbaw hmßns°mSp-°p-

I-b√; ]g-b-\nb-a-ß-fpsS Ipd-hp-Iƒ \nIØn Ahn-Sp∂p- Xs∂

kq‡-ßƒ \¬Ip-I-bm-Wv. "\nb-a-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m-\√ ]q¿W-am-

°m-\mWp Rm≥ h∂n-cn-°p-∂Xv' (aØm. 5:17). "]q¿hnI∑m-tcmSp ]d-

™n´p≈Xp \nßƒ tI´n-´p-≠-t√m. Rmt\m \nß-tfmSp ]d-bp-∂Xv,'

F∂m-h¿Øn®v B[n-Im-cn-I-ambn ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.

tami Xs‚ D]-tZi-ßƒ 5 ]pkvXI-ß-fn-embn \¬In-bn-cn°p∂p.

"]pXnb tamibpw' Xs‚ D]-tZi-ßƒ 5 `mK-ß-fmbn \¬Ip-∂p. 1.

Kncn-]-`mjWw (A. 5˛7). 2. t]jn-X ]t_m-[\w (A. 10). 3. ssZh-

cm-Py-sØ-°p-dn-°p∂ D]-a-Iƒ (A. 13) 4. k`min-£Ww (A. 18) 5.

bpKm-¥y-]-c-amb ]t_m-[\w (A. 24-˛25). Ch Hmtcm `mKhpw

Ahkm\n-°p∂Xp Htc XcØnep≈ hmNIL-S-\bn-em-Wv. "Cu hN-

\-ßsf ]d™p Xo¿∂-t∏mƒ,' F∂p ImWmw (7:28; 11:1; 13:53; 19:1;

26:1).

58 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

InkvXp-hns‚ PohnXØnse sNdpXpw hepXpamb F√m kw`-

hßfpw ]hN\ßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWsa∂p sXfnbn°p∂p. AXn-

\pth≠n \mev]sØm∂p ]mhiyw ]gb\nbaw D≤cn°p∂p≠v.

Hmtcm mKhpw D≤cn°p∂Xv "Acpfns®bvXXp \nhrØnbmIphm≥'

F∂ hniZoIcWtØmsSbmWv. Aßs\ XncpshgpØpIfpsS

km£yØn¬IqSn tbip km£m¬ ainlm BsW∂pw ]gb\n-baw

apgph\pw X∂n¬ ]q¿ØoIcWw ]m]n®psh∂pw kphnti-jI≥

ÿm]n°p∂p.

ZmhoZp hwiP-\mb cmPmhv: tbip bYm¿∞-Øn¬ aviolm

Xs∂. Fs¥∂m¬ AhnSp∂p ZmhoZp hwiP\mbn hmKvZØw

sNøs∏´h-\mWv. bnkmtbens‚ hntam-N-I\pw \ymb-]me-I\pw

kam-[m\ kwc£I\pam-bh≥ ZmhoZp hwiØn¬\n∂p P\n°p-

sa∂p ]Xo£n®p (bncaym 23.5; sbi. 11:2; aoJm. 5:1). Aßs\

tbip ZmhoZphwiP-\mbn (1:1, 16). ZmhoZns‚ ]´Wamb t_Xve-

tlan¬ P\n®p (2:1). AhnSpsØ ]c-kyipiqjm°meØv At\I¿

"ZmhoZp]pXm' F∂p Xs∂ hnfn-°p∂p (9:27; 12:33; 15:23). ]oem-

tØmkv, "\o blqZ∑mcpsS cmPmthm' F∂p tNmZn-®-t∏mƒ "Rm≥

BIp∂p' F∂p tbip ]Xn-h-Nn®p (27:11). AhnSp∂p cmPmhmWv.

]t£, Xs‚ cmPyw sFlnIas√∂p amXw. AhnSp∂p ]kwKn®Xpw

]Tn∏n®Xpw Agn™pt]mImØ kz¿K-cmPysØ°pdn®mbncp∂p.

AXns‚ A[n]\tX AhnSp∂v. "kz¿K-Ønepw qanbnepap≈ k¿∆

A[nImchpw X\n°p \¬Is∏´ncn-°p∂p' (28:16-˛20).

2. k` - -]pXnb bnkmtb¬: kphntijsØ "k`m kphntijw

(Ecclesiastical Gospel: Church Gospel) F∂p hnfn°mdp≠v. AXp ]e

ImcWØmemIp∂p. "k`' (ecclesia) F∂ ]Zw Xs∂ kphntij-

Øn¬ amXtabp≈q (16:18; 18:17). k`bnse Bcm[\bv°v (Rmbdm-

gvN-tXm-dp-ap≈ hmb-\∏-Sn) Cu kphntijØn¬ \n-∂mWv A[n-Ihpw

hmbn®psIm≠ncp∂Xv. k`bnte°p hcp∂ hnizmk]-TnXm°ƒ°p

(Catechumens) ]t_m[\w \¬Ip∂Xn\v Cu kphntijw G‰w D]-

bp‡ambncp∂p.

]pXnb bnkmtbemb k`sb ÿm]n°p∂Xns‚ BZy]Snbmbn

tbip ]gb Ckmtbens‚ 12 tKmXßsf ]Xn\n[m\w sNøm-

s\t∂mWw Xs‚ injykaqlØn¬\n∂pw 12 t]sc ]tXyIw Xnc-

s™SpØp (10:1˛4). Ahsc ssZhcmPyw ]tLmjn°phm≥ Ahn-

Sp∂p \ntbmKn°p∂p. Ah¿ t]mbn "kIe PmXnIsfbpw injy-

59]Imi-Øn-te°v

cm°ns°mƒhm≥' (28:20) A¥yimk\w \¬In. k` Cu ZuXyw

\n¿hln∏m≥ ]Xn⁄m_≤amWv.

ssIkcy^nen∏ybn¬ h®v tbip ]tXmknt\mSp ]dbp∂p: "\o

]mdbmIp∂p; Cu ]mdta¬ Rm≥ Fs‚ k`sb ]Wnbpw; ]mXm-f-

tKm]pcßƒ AXns\ Pbn-°bn√' (16:18). Cu hmIysØ∏‰n hyXy-

kvX-amb hymJym\ßƒ D≠v. ]tXmkv G‰p]d™ hnizmkØn-

t∑emWp k` ]Wnbs∏´ncn°p∂Xv F∂p≈XtX G‰w kzoIm-

cyambn´p≈Xv.

k`min£WsØ∏‰n (18:15-˛20) bpw ]Xn]mZn°p∂p. k`sb

tIƒ°mØh≥, Np¶°mcs\t∏msebpw, ]pdPmXn°mcs\t∏m-

sebpw Bbncn°s´ (18:17). k`bpsS Ia]cn]me\hpw kwLS\m-

hf¿®bpw ]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂p.

k`bpsS ssNX\ytIµw InkvXp Xs∂bmIp∂p. "CΩm\p-th¬'

(ssZhw \tΩmSpIqsS) BIp∂ InkvXp k`bn¬ k∂nln-X\mWv.

"Fs‚ \maØn¬ ct≠m aqt∂m t]¿ IqSn hcpt∂SsØm-s°bpw

Rm≥ AhcpsS \Sphn¬ D≠v' (18:20). amXa√ "temImh-km\tØmfw

F√m \mfpw Rm≥ \nß-tfm-SpIqsS D≠v' (28:20) F∂ hmKvZØhpw

k`bv°p \¬Inbncn°p∂p. k`bpsS alXzhpw sshinjvSyhpw,

AXp InkvXp hkn°p∂, kaqlw F∂XnemIp∂p. k`bpsS

k¿Ki‡n, Pohn°p∂ InkvXp AtX.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. aØmbnbpsS kphnti-j-sØ "k`mkphntijw' F∂p hnti-

jn∏n°p∂Xv F¥psIm≠v?

2. kphn-ti-j-Is‚ e£y-ßƒ Fs¥-√mw? AXv C∂v F]-Imcw

k`bv°v \ndth‰m≥ Ignbpw?

3. Cu kphntijØn¬ tbipInkvXphns\ Hcp ""]pXnb

tami''bmbn NnXoI-cn-°p-∂p. Fßs\?

60 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 5

eqt°mkns‚ kphn-tijw:

km¿hXnI c£mktµiw

kp-hn-ti-j-sØ-∏‰n s]mXp-hmb ]kvXm-h\ K-Ÿ-Im-c≥

FgpXnb ÿehpw Imehpw k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ssZ-h-imkvXw

a¿t°m-kv, ]oU-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ InkvXphns\ kl-

\Øn\p amXrIbmbn AhXcn∏n®psh¶n¬, aØm-bn, sblqZ-˛-

ssIkvXh kwhmZØns‚ ]›mØeØn¬ tbiphns\ bYm¿∞

ainlm Bbpw, ]gb\nba]q¿ØoIcWambpw AhXcn∏n®p.

eqt°mkv \¬Ip∂ InkvXpZ¿i\w "temIØns‚ apgph≥ c£I-

s\∂' \ne-bv°mWv. emfnXyØnepw, kmlnXy`wKnbnepw anI®p-

\n¬°p∂ Cu kphntijw H‰s∏´ IrXnb√. CXns‚ c≠mw`m-Kw,

(A-∏kvtXme]hrØnIƒ) CXnt\mSp tN¿∂p hmbnt°≠-Xm-Wv.

F¶n¬ amXta Fgp-ØpIm-cs‚ Dƒ°mgvNsb∏‰nbpw e£y-sØ-

∏‰nbpw icnbmb Aht_m[w e`n°pIbp≈p. At±lw Hcp \√

NcnXImc\pambncp-∂p. kphntijØns‚ BapJhm°pIƒ AXp

shfns∏SpØp∂p (1:1˛4). e`yambncp∂ kIe tcJIfpw aqeßfpw

hkvXpXIfpw ]cntim[n®p XymPyKmlyhnthN\tØm-sS, HuNnXy-

]q¿∆w At±lw kphntijw AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

eqt°mkv

Cu KŸØns‚ FgpØpImc≥ eqt°mkv BsW∂p≈Xn\v

B¥cnIambpw _mlyambpw D≈ km£yßƒ D≠v. 1. kphnti-

jØns‚bpw A∏kvtXme]hrØnIfpsSbpw XpS°w XmcXay-

s∏SpØnbm¬ Ch c≠pw Hcmƒ Fgp-Xn-bsX∂p sXfn-bpw. amX-a√

c≠n-s‚bpw `mj-bpw, ]Xn-]m-Z-\hpw CXn\v Dt]m-Xv_-e-Iam-Wv. 2.

A∏-kvtXm-e-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ c≠mw- mKw (16- 28) ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ AhnsS

]e `mKØpw "Rßƒ' F∂ _lp-h-N\w ]tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p∂Xp

ImWmw (16:10-˛17; 20:5˛21; 27:1 ˛ 28:16). Cu `mK-ßƒ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚

Ub-dn°p-dn-∏n¬\n∂v FSpØn- p-≈-h-bm-sW-¶n¬, anj≥ bmXIfn¬

At±lw ]utem-kns‚ klbmXnI\mbncp-∂p. Ah-km\w ]utem-

kn-t\m-Sp -IqsS tdman-te°p t]mhp-Ibpw At±-l-tØmSp-IqsS ]m¿°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp. CXp eqt°mkmbncn°m-\mWv km[y-X. "sshZy-\mb

]nb eqt°mkv' Xt∂mSpIqsS tdman¬ D≈ Imcyw ]utemkv A\p-

kvacn°p∂p≠t√m (sImtem. 4:14; ^nte. 24).

61]Imi-Øn-te°v

3. c≠p KŸ-ß-fnepw sshZy-`m-j-bpsS kzm[o\w Nne ]fin-X-

∑m¿ Is≠-Øp-∂p. ]tXm-kns‚ AΩmbnAΩ-bpsS ]\n "Ie-i-

embn'cp∂p F∂pw (4:38), IpjvTtcm-Kn-bpsS hnh-c-WØn¬ "icocw

apgp-h≥' IpjvTw _m[n-®-h-s\∂pw (5:12) hntijn-∏n-°p∂p (A. ].

9:18; 28:8). sshZy∑m-cpsS t\sc-bp≈ hna¿i\w ab-s∏-SpØn ]d-

bp∂p (a¿t°m. 5:26 Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-ØpI eqt°m. 8:43). ]t£ Cu

sXfn-hp-I-sfm∂pw At±lw Hcp sshZy-\m-bn-cp∂p F∂p Jfin-X-

ambn ÿm]n-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-a√ F∂v ]e ]fin-X-∑mcpw Nq≠n-

°m-Wn°p-∂p. ImcWw CXp-t]m-ep≈ `mjm-]tbmKw ka-Im-eo-\-

amb sshZy-∑m-c-√m-Ø-h-cpsS Fgp-Øp-I-fnepw Is≠-Ømw. 4. c≠mw

\q‰m≠p apXep≈ ]mcºcyw KŸ-Imc≥ eqt°mkv BsW-∂-tX.

aqd-t‰m-dn-b≥ Imt\m-\n¬ (c≠mw \q‰m-≠v) eqt°m-kns‚ IrXn-sb∂p

]dbp-∂p. Ae-Ivkm-≠n-bm-bnse ¢nΩo-kv, Hmdn-P≥, sX¿Øp-ey≥

apX-emb k`m-]n-Xm-°-∑mcpw CtX A`n-]m-b-°m-cm-Wv.

]utem-kns‚ klNmcnbpw kl]h¿ØI\p-amb eqt°mkv

Xs∂ Fgp-Xnb F∂v BZn-a-k` ZrV-am-bn- hn-izkn-®-Xp-sIm≠m-bn-

cn-°-W-a-t√m, a‰phn-[-Øn¬ A]-[m-\-\mb eqt°m-kns‚ Cu IrXn

k¿∆-k-Ω-X-ambn k` AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xv.

eqt°mkn-s\-∏‰n ]pXn-b-\n-ba-Øn¬ aq∂p ]cm-a¿i-ßtf D≈q.

(sImtem 4;14; ^nte. 24:2 Xntam. 4:11). Ch-bn¬\n-∂pw, a‰p ]mc-º-

cy-ßfn¬\n-∂p-ambn At±-l-sØ-∏‰n \ap°v a\ nem°mhp∂Xv;

P∑\m Hcp ]pd-PmXn (kp-hn-ti-j-I-cn¬ Ct±lw amX-amWp ]pd-Pm-

Xn-°m-c≥. sImtem. 4:10-˛14), sXmgn¬hgn Hcp `nj-Kz-c≥, am\-km-

¥cw aqew Hcp InkvXym-\n, ]h¿Ø-\Øn¬ ]utem-kns‚ kvt\ln-

X\pw kl-Im-cnbpw. At±l-sØ-∏‰n IqSp-X¬ Adn-bW-sa-¶n¬ At±-

l-Øns‚ IrXn-Iƒ (kp-hn-ti-j-hpw- A∏kvtXme-]-hr-Øn-Ifpw)

hmbn-®p -a-\- n-em-°p-Ibm-Wp -th-≠-Xv.

Fgp-Xnb ÿehpw Imehpw

]mcºcyw A\pkcn®v Kokn¬ h®v G. Un. 85 t\mSv ASpØ

ImeØp cNn®p F∂p IcpXp∂p. sbcqiteans‚ \misØ∏‰nbp≈

hnhcWØn¬ (eqt°m. 21:20) B kw`hw \S∂Xns‚ A\pkvac-

Wbn¬\n∂v hnhcn°p∂-Xpt]mse tXm∂nt∏mIp∂p. a¿t°m-kns‚

kphntijw At±lw I≠n´p≠v; AXp]tbmKn®n´pap≠v. amXa√

a‰p ]e tcJIfpw ]cntim[n°phm≥ X°hÆw e`yambncp∂p

(eqt°m. 1:1˛4). AXn¬\n∂pw GXm\pw ZiI-ßƒ k`mNcnXØn¬

]n∂n´Xmbn°cpXmw.

62 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

e£yw

"cmPio sXtbm^ntemkn\v' InkvXp-hns‚ PohnXsØ-°pdn®pw,

D]tZißsf°pdn®pw, hkvXp\njvTamb Hcp hnhcWw \¬IpIbm-

bncp∂p e£yw. Bcmbncp∂p Cu sXtbm^ntemkv? kmaqlyambn

hfsc Db¿∂ Hcp tdma≥ cWm[nImcn Bbncp∂n-cn°mw. F∂m¬

Hcp hy‡nsb amXa√ eqt°mkv ap∂n¬ ImWp-∂-Xv. sXtbm^ntem-

kns\t∏mse kmaqlyhpw kmwkv°mcnIhp-amb ]ptcmKXn ]m]n®

At\Isc ImWp∂p≠v; ]tXyIn®v ]pd-PmXnIfn¬ \n∂v InkvXob

-k`bnte°p tN¿∂n-´p-≈-h¿. Ah¿°p a\ nemIØ° `mjbpw

ssienbpw D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂p. AXn-\m¬ Adamb ]Zßƒ

\nt»jw Dt]£n®n´p≠v. F_mb ]Z-ßƒ°p ]Icw XØpey-

ßfmb Ko°p ]ZßfmWv tN¿Øncn°p-∂-Xv.

DZm. "I\m\y\mb (F-_mb) siatbms\', "FcnhpImc≥' (Zealot)Bbn amdn. "tKm¬tKmØm' ˛ "Im\ntbm≥' F∂m°n. "d_n',

"Kpcphpw' Bbn. ]hN\ßfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWambn tbiphns\ Ah-

Xcn∏n°p∂n√. AXn\m¬ ]gb\nbaØn¬ \n∂p≈ D≤cWn-Iƒ

hfsc hncfambnt´ D≈q. PmXnIfn¬ \n∂p≈h¿°v bYm¿∞-amb

InkvXphn⁄m\obw \¬IpI F∂Xmbncp∂p eqt°mkns‚ apJy

e£yw.

khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

]mcºcya\pkcn®v eqt°mkv Hcp NnXImc\m-Wv. hnia ka-

bßfnsems° At±lw NnXw hc®ncp∂pt]m-epw. GXmbmepw

hm°pIƒ sIm≠v at\mlcNnXw cNn°m≥ Ignhp≈ Hcp Iem-

\n]pW\mbncp∂p At±-lw. sd\≥, eqt°mkns‚ IrXnsb hnti-

jn∏n°p∂Xv "temIØnse G‰hpw at\mlcIrXn' F∂mWv. kpµ-

camb ssienbpw, lrZyamb AhXcWhpw Cu ]pkvXIsØ hnin-

jvSI-em-kr-jvSnbm°n am‰n-bn- p-≠v. CXn¬ ]I-S-am-bn- p≈ Nne khn-

ti-j-X-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

1. kmaqlyZ¿i\w: kºØns\∏‰nbpw kº∂sc∏‰nbpap≈

ho£Ww it≤bamWv. kmaqly\oXnbpsS i‡-\mb h‡mhm-

Wt±lw. DZm. aØmbnbn¬ "Bflmhn¬ ZcnZcmbh¿ mKyhm∑m¿'

F∂p≈Xp eqt°m-kn¬ "ZcnZcmb \nßƒ (Bflmhn¬ A√) mKy-

hm∑m¿' F∂mWv (aØm. 5:3; eqt°m. 6:20). `mKymhÿmh¿Æ\-

tbmSp eqt°mkv "lm IjvS'sa∂p≈ mKhpw Iq´nt®¿°p∂p. "kº-

63]Imi-Øn-te°v

∂cmb \nßƒ°p lm IjvSw... -Ct∏mƒ Xr]vX∑mcmb \nßƒ°v

Atøm IjvSw' (eq-t°m. 6:24-˛26). [\w "A\oXnbp≈' amtΩm\m-Wv.

[\Øns‚ A]ISsØ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ ]e D]-a-Ifpw Iq´n-t®¿Øn-

´p-≠v (16:1˛31). Zm\-[¿Ωw sNøp-∂-Xns\ t]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂p. "AI-

Øp-≈Xp n£-bmbn sImSp-∏n≥' (11:41). "\nßƒ°p-≈Xp hn‰p n£

sImSp-∏n≥' (12:33). eqt°m-kn\p a‰m-scbpwImƒ hy‡-amb Hcp kmº-

Øn-I-ho-£W-ap-≠mbncp-∂p.

2. ]m]n-I-tfmSpw ]Xn-X-tcm-Sp-ap≈ tbiphns‚ B¿ZX: ssZh-

kvt\l-tØbpw Icp-Wsbbpw shfns∏Sp-Øp∂ D]-a-Iƒ ]e-Xp-≠v.

apSn-b-\mb ]pXs‚ D]a (15:11ff). ]co-i-s‚bpw Np¶-°m-c-s‚bpw

D]a (18:9 ap). \√ iacym-°m-cs‚ D]a (19:30 ap.).

kaq-l-Ønse G‰w \nIr-jvS-sc-∂pw, `jvS-sc∂pw IcpXnbh-

sc∏‰n tbiphn\p ]tXyIw Icp-X-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]m]n-\nbmb

kvXo°v Ahn-Sp∂p tamN\w \¬Ip∂p (7:37 ap). kaq-l-Øn¬ shdp-

°-s∏´ Np¶-°mc≥ k°m-bn-bpsS BXnYyw Ahn-Sp∂p kzoI-cn-

°p∂p (19:1 ap). A\p-X-]n® I≈\p ]dp-Zokm hmKvZm\w sNøp∂p

(23:43).

ia-cym-°msc "AbnØ'ap≈-h-cm-bn- IcpXn Ahsc blq-Z-∑m¿

shdp-Øn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ tbip-hn\v Ah-tcmSp ]tXyI Xmev]-cy-

ap≠v. Xs∂ _ln-jvI-cn® iacyKmasØ tbip i]n-°p-∂n√ (9:55).

\µn-sI´ sblq-Z-∑m¿°p≈ imk-\-bmWp \µn-bp≈ iacym-°m-c≥

(17:18). \ymbim-kvXn-bpsS kwibw Xo¿°p-∂Xp \√ ia-cym-°m-

cs‚ IYbn¬ Iq-Sn-bm-Ip∂p (10:25˛37).

3. kvXoI-fpsS t£a-Øn-ep≈ Xmev]-cyw: A∂p kaq-l-Øn¬

kvXoIƒ°p bmsXmcp ÿm\-hpan√mbn-cp∂p. h\n-Xmhn-tam-N-\-°m¿

eqt°m-kns\ Ah-cpsS henb h‡m-hmbn AwKo-I-cn®p F∂p hcmw.

tbip-hns\ A\p-K-an-°p∂ injy-cpsS Iq -Øn¬ kvXoIfp-ap-≠v.

"Ah¿ XßfpsS hkvXp-h-I-I-sf-s°m≠p ipiqj sNbvXp-t]m∂p'

(8:3). eqt°mkv amXta I¿Øm-hn\p am¿Øm, adnb F∂ ktlm-Z-

cn-I-tfm-Sp≈ kulrZw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p-∂p≈q (10:38˛42). eqt°mkn¬

tbip-hns‚ ZnhyIm-cpWyw t\cn-´-\p-`-hn® aq∂p kvXoIƒ (7:11; 7:37;

13:11) D≠v. Nne D]-a-I-fnse IYm-]m-X-ßƒ kvXoIfmWv (15:8 ap.

18:3 hsc). bdp-itew ]pXnam¿ tbip-hns‚ IjvS-X-bn¬ hne-]n-°p∂p

(23:28). kvXoIƒ tbip-hns\ Iqin-¶-temfw A\pK-an-°p∂p (23:27).

64 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mcw-`-Im-eØv Gen-k-t_-Øv, adnbw l∂m XpS-ßnb hninjvS

kvXoI-sf∏-‰nbpw tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-°p-∂p.

4. ]m¿∞\-bv°p≈ ÿm\w: ]e-t∏mgpw thdn- p-t]mbn ]m¿∞n-

°p∂ tbip-hns‚ NnXw eqt°mkv \¬Ip-∂p. amtam-Zo-kmbv°p

apºpw (3:2), ]¥n-cp-hsc sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p apºpw (6:12), ]co-

icp-ambn hmKzmZw \S-Øp∂-Xn\p apºpw, Xmt_m¿a-ebn¬ cq]m-¥-

c-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw (9:29). KXviotam≥ tXm´-Ønepw (22:42), Im¬hdn

Ipcnint∑¬ InS°ptºmgpw (23:40) ]m¿∞n-°p∂ tbiphns\

ImWmw. ]m¿∞\sb°p-dn°p∂ aq∂p at\mlcamb D]aIƒ

eqt°mkv \¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (a) Np¶°mc\pw ]co-i\pw (18:10˛14),

(b) \ymbm-[n-]\pw hn[hbpw (18:2-˛8), (c) A¿≤-cm-Xn-bn¬ ap´n-hn-fn-

°p∂ kvt\ln-X≥ (11:5-˛8).

]m¿∞\-bpsS mK-am-Wt√m kvtXmXhpw kvXpXn-bpw. eqt°mkv

amXta \mep ]m´p-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≈p: (1) adn-bm-ans‚ ]m´v

(1:46 ap). (2) skJ-cym-hns‚ ]m´v (1:68 ap). (3) amemJ-am-cpsS ]m´v

(2:14). (4) ina-tbms‚ ]m´v (2:29 ap).

5. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ kphn-tijw: ]cn-ip-≤m-fl-hym-]mc-Øn\v

Du∂¬ sIm-Sp-Øp-sIm≠p tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønepw ]h¿Ø-\-

Ønepw AsX]Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p F∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. c£-Is‚

hchn-\mbn ImØn-cp-∂-h-cnepw (1:41; 1:67 ap) Ahn-Sp∂p h∂t∏mƒ

Xs∂ Xncn-®-dn-™-h-cnepw Bflmhp ]h¿Øn®p (2:25). ssZh-Øns‚

G‰hpw hnin-jvS-Zm-\-ambn ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ eqt°mkv Z¿in-°p∂p

(11:43). "eqt°mkns‚ ssZhhn⁄m\obØn¬' CtX-∏‰n IqSp-X¬

ImWpI.

6. kphn-ti-j-Øns‚ km¿∆-eu-InI Z¿i\w: tbip Ckm-tb-

ens‚ amXw c£-I-\-√, k¿hP-\Øn-s‚bpw BWv (2:29˛32). BZy-

h-km\w Cu kXyw ]kv]-jvS-am°p-∂p. ina-tbm≥ tbip-°p-™ns\

Icß-fn¬ hln-®n´p "PmXn-Iƒ°p shfn-s∏Sp-hm-\p≈ ]Imi'sØ

ImWp-∂p. AhnSpsØ \ma-Øn¬ kI-e-Pm-Xn-I-tfmSpw ]›m-Øm-

]hpw ]m]tamN\hpw ]kwKn°Ww (24:4). ]pdPmXn aX-Øn¬\n∂p

InkvXob hnizm-k-Øn-tebv°p IS∂ph∂ eqt°mkv kphn-ti-j-

Øn\p km¿h-eu-In-I-amb ]k‡n ImWp-∂-Xn¬ AXn-i-bn-∏m-\n√.

eqt°m-kns‚ ssZh-hn-⁄m-\obw

(1) PmXn-Iƒ°v CXn¬ \¬In-bn- p≈ ÿm\w apI-fn¬ kqNn∏n®n-

65]Imi-Øn-te°v

´p-≈-Xm-Wv. km¿h-Xn-I -c-£m-kn-≤m-¥-amWv CXn¬°qSn eqt°mkv

hn`m-h\w sNøpI. A∏kvtXm-e-]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS XpS°w Xs∂

s]¥n-t°m-kvXn-bn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhns‚ Bhm-ktØm-sS-bm-Wv.

CXp _mt_-ense (D-ev]. 11) A\p-`-h-Øns‚ adp-hiw BIp-∂p.

A∂p a\p-jys‚ Al-¥- aqew `mj-Iƒ Ießn kaqlw On∂-

`n∂-am-bn. s]¥n-t°m-kvXn-bn¬ Bflmhp e`n-®-t∏mƒ, sFIy-Øn-

s‚bpw ]c-kv]c Iq´m-bva-bp-sSbpw A\p`hw ssIh-∂p. Bflm-hns\

\¬In-bn-cn-°p-∂Xp Xs‚ \maw hnfn-®-t]£n°p∂ Gh¿°p-am-Wv.

eqt°mkv C°mcyw c≠mw hmey-Øn¬ hy‡-am-°p-∂p. kphn-tijw

"sbcq-i-te-an-epw, blq-Zy-bn¬ F√m-bn-S-Øpw, `qtem-I-Øns‚ A‰-

tØmfw FtØ-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. AXp kzoI-cn-°p-∂hcn¬ ia-cym-°m-

c\pw, jfi-\pw, tdmam°mc\pw XØz-Nn-¥-Icpw F√mw Dƒs∏-Sp∂p.

(2) eqt°m-kns‚ bpKm-¥y-imkvXw: ap≥ kp-hntijI∑m-sc-

t∏mse eqt°mkpw hnizkn°p∂Xv Cu temIØns‚ NcnXw

AXns\ hos≠-SpØ InkvXphn¬IqSn ]cnkam]n°psa∂mWv.

F∂m¬ a¿t°mkns‚ bpKm¥yNn¥bpambn XmcXays∏SpØp-

tºmƒ eqt°mkv Nne hyXnbm\ßƒ hcp-Øn-bn´p≈Xmbn ImWmw.

"Bk∂ambncn°p∂p' F∂ Nn¥mKXn°v Abhp hcpØnbn´p≠v.

"ssZhcmPyw kao]ambncn°p∂p' F∂p a¿t°mkn¬ ImWp∂

ktµiw hn´p-I-f-™ncn°p∂p. "kabw Bk-∂-ambn-cn°p∂p' F∂p

]dbp∂h¿°v Hcp Xm°oXp \¬Inbn´p≠v (21:8 ap). ssZhcmPyw

DS≥Xs∂ ]Xy£s∏Sphm≥ CSbn√ (19:11). "BtKmfhym]Iamb

kw`hßƒ' Cu‰pt\mhns‚ Bcw`ambn eqt°mkv ImWp∂n√.

BZyL´Ønse bpKm¥yhnizmkw eqt°mkv hyXymks∏Sp-Øn.

c≠masØ hchp sshIp∂Xp-sIm≠p eqt°mkv k`mNcn-XØn-

tebv°p IqSpX¬ i≤ h®p. k`bpsS ZuXysØbpw Ncn-XØn-

ep≈ AXns‚ ÿm\-sØbpw hy‡am°m≥ eqt°mkv ian-°p∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. eqt°mkv a‰v c≠p kphn-ti-j-I-∑m-cn¬ \n∂v GsX√mw Imcy-

ß-fn¬ hyXy-kvX\m-bn-cn-°p∂p?

2. ]m¿∞-\bv°v ]tXyI ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-´p≠v F∂ Imcyw

ka¿∞n-°pI.

3. eqt°m-kns‚ km¿heu-InIZ¿i\w hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-I.

66 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 6

A∏-kvtXm-e-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ:

k -bpsS ]mY-anI NcnXw

]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ t]cn-s\-∏‰n ]p-kvX-I-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

]p-kvXI cN-\-bpsS e£yw D-≈-S°w ssZ-h-imkvXw

kphn-ti-j-ßƒ tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]hr-Øn-I-

fp-amWv Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-sX-¶n¬ A∏-kvtXm-e-]-hr-Øn-I-fn¬, A∏-

kvtXme-∑m-cp-sSbpw kl-Im-cn-IfpsSbpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]hrØnI-

fp-amWp≈-Xv. "]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ' (]-Ivko-kv) F∂ t]cv bh-\-`mjm

]tbm-K-Øn¬\n∂p hcp-∂Xm-Wv. alm-∑m-cpsS sNbvXn-I-sf hnh-cn-

°phm\pw a‰pw cNn-°p∂ IrXn-Iƒ°v C]-Im-c-ap≈ t]cp \¬In-

bn-cn-°p-∂p.

eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-jØns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bn-´mWp Cu IrXn

Bcw-`n-®n-´p-≈-Xv. c≠p -IrXnIfpw sXtbm-^n-tem-kn\v kwt_m-[\

sNbvXncn°p-∂p. kphntijw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰ InkvXp kz¿Km-tcm-

lWw sNøp∂ kw`-h-tØmsS kam-]n-°p-∂p. A∏-kvtXm-e -]-hr-

Øn-Iƒ, kz¿Km-tcm-l-W-Øn-\p-tijw Ahn-Sp∂p A∏kvXtXme-∑m¿

hgn XpS¿∂p ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv hnh-cn°p-∂p. F√m A∏-kvtXm-e-

∑m-cpsSbpw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-∏‰n CXn¬ ImWp-∂n-√. BZy-`m-KØp

]tXm-kn-s‚-bpw, c≠mw-`m-KØv ]utem-kn-s‚bpw ]h¿Ø-\-ß-

sf∏‰n amXta ]Xn]m-Zn°p∂p≈q. F√m A∏-kvtXme∑mcp-sSbpw

]h¿Ø-\N-cnXw kwK-ln-°pI Bbn-cp-∂n√ Fgp-Øp-Im-cs‚

e£yw.

eqt°mkv Hcp Ncn-X-Im-c-\m-bncp-∂p. AtX-k-abw ssZh-im-kvX-

⁄\pambncp∂p. AXn-\m¬ Cu IrXnsb B ASn-ÿm\Øn¬

amXta hnebncp-Øm≥ Ign-bq. kphn-ti-jcN\bn¬ Ah[m-\-]q¿∆w

aqe-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn® eqt°mkv Cu IrXn-bpsS cN-\-bnepw A]-

Imcw sNbvXn-cn-°Ww. D]-bp-‡-amb aqe-ßƒ GsX-√m-sa∂p Xn´-

s∏-Sp-ØpI ]bm-kam-Wv. F¶nepw \ap°v A\p-am\n°mhp∂-Xv,

]utem-kns‚ bmXm-hn-h-cWw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v c≠mw

`mKØv D]-tbm-Kn -®p. BZy-`m-K-Øv, sbdp-i-tew, ssIk-cy,

At¥ymIym Cu k`m- tI-µ-ßfn¬\n∂v e`n® hkvXp-XIfpw ]mcº-

cy-ßfpw B[m-c-am-°n-bn-cn-°-Ww. eqt°mkv Cu tIµ-ßƒ kµ¿in-

°bpw AhnsS Xma-kn-°bpw sNbvXn-´p-≈-XmW-t√m.

67]Imi-Øn-te°v

]m[m\yw

A∏-kvtXme-]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS ]T\ ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ amXta A∏-

kvtXm-e-∑m-cpsS teJ-\-ßƒ icn°pw a\- nem-°m≥ Ign-bq. BZna

k`bpsS kq£vaamb Hcp NnXw A∏-kvtXme]hrØnI-fn¬\n∂p

e`n-°p-∂p. BZysØ k`m-N-cn-X-sa∂v CXns\ hnfn-°mw. k`-bpsS

D¤-hw, hf¿®, LS\ F∂n-h-sb-∏‰n amX-a√ AXns‚ kmaq-lyhpw,

BflnI-hp-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®pw CXp shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Bcm-

[-\m-]-c-hpw, kwL-S-\m-]-c-hp-amb A\p-`-h-sØ-°p-dn®pw CXn¬

\n∂mWv Kln°mhp∂-Xv. k`bn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Iaw,

IqZm-im-]-c-amb A\p-jvTm-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS D¤-h-N-cnXw \n›-

b-ambpw ]m[m\yw A¿ln-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

e£yw

1. A∏kvtXmen-Ik`-bpsS hf¿®-sb hc®p ImWn-°pI-bmWv

][m\ e£yw. bdpitean¬ Hcp sNdnb kaqlambncp∂ InkvXob

k` Fßs\ h¿KØns‚bpw h¿ÆØns‚bpw AXn¿hcºpIsf

ewLn®psIm≠v, kmam-PyØns‚ Xeÿm\amb tdmam hsc

hf¿∂p hym]n®p F∂v CXn¬ ImWmw. ]pkvXIØns‚ IpdnhmIy-

Øn¬ "\nßƒ i‡n e`n®n´v, bdpiteanepw, blqZybn¬ F√m-

SØpw iacybnepw `qanbpsS A‰tØmfhpw Fs‚ km£nIƒ

BIpw' (1:8) F∂p≠v. F]-Imcw B hmKvZm\w \ndth‰m≥ Ign™p

F∂mWv Cu IrXnbn¬ shfns∏SpØp∂Xv. ]pkvXIw Ahkm\n-

°p∂Xv, hnLv\w IqSmsX ssZhcmPyw ]kwKn°p∂Xpw, kphn-

tijw hym]n°p∂Xpamb NnXtØmsSbmWv.

2. ]pdPmXnIfpsS CSbnte°p≈ k`bpsS hf¿®, PmXob

InkvXym\n Bbncp∂ eqt°mkn\v Xm¬]cyap≈ Imcyambncp-∂p.

AXp-sIm≠v ]pd-PmXn t]jn-XXzhpambn _‘-s∏´ hkvXp-X-Iƒ°p

IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \¬Ip-∂p. BZysØ ]pdPmXnIp-Spw-_-Øns‚

˛ sIm¿∂-teym-kns‚ am\-km¥chpw, amtamZokmbpw hfsc hniZ-

ambn ]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v (A. ]. 10). Cu kw`hsØ-∏‰n bdpitew

ktΩ-f\Øn¬ ]cma¿in°p∂p. PmXnIfpsS A∏kvtXme\mb

]utem-kns‚ am\-km-¥cw aq∂p ]mhiyw hnh-cn-°p∂p (9, 22, 26).

]pdPmXnItfmSp kphntijw Adnbn°m≥ ]utemkn\p e`n®

ssZhnI hnfnbmWt√m CXnse ][m\ ]Xn]mZyw. ]pkvX-IØns‚

c≠mw `mKØn¬ ]pdPmXnIfpsS CSbnep≈ ]utem-kns‚ ]h¿-

Ø\NcnXamWv.

68 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

3. tdmam Kh¨sa‚n¬ \n∂p≈ ]oU\w k`bv°v A`napJoI-

cnt°≠nh∂p. `cWIqSsØ FXn¿°p∂ Hcp kaqlambn

InkvXobk`sb iXp°ƒ NnXoIcn°pIbpw, X¬^eambn ]e

]oU-\-ßfpw IjvSßfpw hnizmknIƒ°v A\p`hnt°≠nbpw h∂p.

F∂m¬ k`mwKßƒ Iem]ImcnItfm cWIqSØns‚ iXp-°tfm

A√ F∂p sXfnbnt°≠Xv Bhiyambncp∂p. Cu IrXn-bn¬°qSn

eqt°mkv ian°p∂Xv A°mcyamWv. tdma≥ `cWm[n-]-∑mcpambn

\√ _‘w ]pe¿Ønsb∂pw, Ah-cpsS ]oXn-bpw, k∑-t\m`mhhpw

k`bv°p klmbIambncp∂p F∂pw ImWn°p∂p. DZm. sImcn¥nse

kw`hw (18:12 ap). Ft^kqkn¬ (19:35 ap).

4. PmXnIfpsS A∏kvtXme\mb ]utemkns‚ ÿm\w Db¿-

Øn°mWn°p∂Xn\pw, At±lw ]tXmknt\°mƒ H´pw Ipd™-

h\√ F∂p sXfnbn°p∂Xn\pw eqt°mkn\p Xmev]cyap≈Xmbn-

tXm∂nt∏mIp∂p. ]tXmkv sNbvX XcØnep≈ A¤pXßsfms°

]utemkpw sNøp∂p≠v. ]tXmkv £pZ°mc\mb iotams\ imkn-

°p∂Xpt]mse ]utem-kv, Genakv F∂p adp\maap≈ _¿tbip-

hns\ imkn°bpw in£n°bpw sNøp∂p. ]tXmkv acn® Hcmsf

Dbn¿∏n®p F¶n¬ (X_oYm) ]utemkpw Hcmƒ°v (F-hp-Ønt°mkv)

Poh≥ \¬Ip∂p.

hnI-k\ NcnXw

BZnak`bpsS hnI-k\ NcnXamWnXnep≈Xv F∂p \mw I≠p.

AsXßs\, bdpitew apX¬ temIØns‚ A‰tØmfw hym]n-

°p∂p F∂v D≈S°w ]cntim[n®p I≠p]nSn°mw.

(1) bdpiteanse k` (1:1˛6:7): k`bpsS XpS°w bdpitean-

emWv. AhnsS ]cnip≤mfl Zm\Øn\p th≠n ImØncn°p∂ k`sb

ImWmw. s]¥nt°mkvXnZn\Øn¬ Bflhcw e`n®tijw A∏-

kvtXme∑m¿ i‡ntbmsS km£yw hln°p∂p; FXn¿∏pIsfbpw,

sh√phnfnIsfbpw AXnPohn®psIm≠v. Aßs\ hfcp∂ bdpi-

teanse k`bpsS NnXw kam]n°p∂Xv "ssZhhN\w ]c∂p, bdp-

i-te-an¬ injy∑mcpsS FÆw G‰hpw s]cpIn, ]ptcmlnX∑mcnepw

hentbmcp Iq´w hnizmkØn\[o\cm-bnØo¿∂p' (6:7).

(2) blq-Zym, iacy tZißfnte°p hym]n°p∂p (6:8˛9:31):

kvtX^mt\mkns‚ cwK]thiw ]m[m\ya¿ln°p∂p. AXp PmXn-

IfpsS A∏kvtXme\mb ]utemkns‚ ]h¿Ø\Øn\p ]›m-

Øesamcp°p∂Xpt]msebmWv. ssZhØns‚ ]hrØn tamssiI

69]Imi-Øn-te°v

\ymb-]amWØntem bdpitew tZhmebØntem HXp°n\ndpØm-

hp∂X√. bYm¿∞amb Ckmtb¬ InkvXob k`bmWv. Hcp km¿-

hXnIk`sb∏‰n At±lw hn`mh\w sNøp∂p. ]t£, AXp-aqew

c‡km£nXzw- hcnt°≠nh∂p. F∂m¬ XpS¿∂p≠mb ]oU\w

k`bpsS hf¿®bv°pw hnImkØn\pw CS\¬In. blq-Zym, iacy

]tZ-ißfnte°p k` hym]n®p. ]utemkns‚ am\km-¥chpw k`m-

]thi\hpw NcnXw Ipdn-°p∂ kw`hambncp∂p. ]pd-PmXnIfpsS

A∏kvtXme\mbn I¿Ømhp sXcs™SpØXv At±-lsØbmWv.

k`bpsS hf¿®bv°v B°w Iq´nb kw`hambncp∂p ]utemkns‚

am\km¥cw.

Cu c≠mw mKw Ahkm\n∏n°p∂Xv "Aßs\ blqZym, Keoe,

iacy F∂o tZißfn¬ Hs°bpw k`bv°p kam[m\ap≠m-bn, AXv

BflnIh¿≤\ ]m]n®pw I¿Ømhnt\mSp≈ ‡nbnepw ]cnip≤m-

flmhns‚ ]t_m-[-\-bnepw \S∂pw s]cpIn-s°m-≠ncp∂p' (13:31).

(3) At¥ymJymbnse k` (9:32-˛12:24): k`bpsS hf¿®bn¬

Hcp ]pXnbL´w Ipdn°p∂p. ]pdPmXnIsf k`-bn¬ tN¿°p-∂Xv

hfsc ssha\kyap≈ Imcyambncp∂p. F∂m¬ kz¿KobZ¿i\w

hgn ]tXmkn\v AXn\mhiyamb am¿K\n¿t±iw e`n®p. Aßs\

sIm¿∂teymkns\bpw IpSpw_tØbpw k`bn¬ ]thin∏n®p.

]n∂oSv At¥ymJybn¬ k` ÿm]nXamIp∂p. AsXmcp henb

]pdPmXn tIµambncp∂p. ]utemkns‚ t]jnX ]h¿Ø\Øns‚

XpS°w Xs∂ AhnsSbmWv. PmXnIfn¬\n∂v At\I¿ hnizmkw

kzoI-cn®p. Cu mKw Ahkm\n°p∂Xp "ssZhhN\w ta¬°p-ta¬

]c∂psIm≠ncp∂p' (12:24) F∂ ]kvXmh\bnemIp∂p.

(4) Gjymssa\dnse k` (12:25˛16:5): ]cnip≤mfl \ntbmK-

tØmsS ]utemkv Xs‚ the \SØp∂p. Gjymssa\dnse ]e

]pdPmXn tIµßfpw kµ¿in®p k` ÿm]n®p. F√mbnSØpw

BZyw blqZ∑mtcmSpw ]n∂oSp ]pdPmXnItfmSpw kphntijw Adn-

bn-°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]cn-]m-Sn. Aßs\ Ipt]m-kvZzo]nepw,

]nknZy, ehpZnIy ]tZißfnse ]´Wßfnepw k` hym]n®p. ]pd-

Pm-XnIfmbhsc ]cntOZ\ IqSmsX k`bnte°p tN¿°pI Bbn-

cp∂p ]utemkpw IqsSbp≈hcpw sNbvXXv.

]t£ CXv Hcp ]Xnk‘n krjvSn®p. ]pdPmXnIfmbhsc ]cn-

tOZ\ IqSmsX k`bn¬ tN¿°p∂Xp icnb√ F∂ A`n]mbw

s]m¥nh∂p. AtX∏‰n N¿® sNbvXp Xocpam\n°m≥ A∏kvtXm-

70 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

e∑m¿ bmt°m_ns‚ t\XrXzØn¬ bdpitean¬ ktΩfn®p.

]tXmkpw, ]utemkpw Cu ktΩf\Øn¬ kw_‘n®p kwkm-

cn®p. hmZ]XnhmZßƒ°p tijw ]cnip≤mfl\ntbmKØm¬ GI-

I-WvTamb Xocpam\ØnseØn. PmXnIƒ ]cnt—Z\ Gevt°≠-Xn√.

Ah¿ a‰p Nne Imcyßƒ i≤n®m¬ aXn. B Xocpam\w InkvXob

k`sb blqZk`bpsS Hcp A\p_‘sa∂ \n-ebn¬\n∂v Hcp km¿-

hXnIk-`bpsS \nebn-te°v Db¿Øphm≥ ]cym-]vXambn.

]pXn-b- D’mltØmSpw DW¿thmSpw ]utemkv Xs‚ anj≥

XpScp∂p. Cu L´sØ eqt°mkv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xp ImWpI:

"X∑qew k`-Iƒ hnizmkØn¬ Dsdbv°bpw, FÆØn¬ Znhtk\

s]cpIpIbpw sNbvXp' (16:5).

(5) bqtdm∏nse k` (16:6˛19:20): BflssNX\y-tØmsS

]utemkv ]pXnb theÿeßfnseØn. Aßs\ bqtdm∏nte°p

IS∂p ][m\ßfpw ]ikvXßfpamb ^nen∏y, sX tem\nIy,

tImcn-¥v, BX≥kv F∂o ]´Wßfn¬ k` ÿm]nXambn. ]utem-

kns‚ thebn¬ ]Xn_‘ßƒ AhnShnsS D≠mbn. F¶nepw,

Ahsb F√mw AXnewLn®p hN\w ]c°pIbpw k` hym]n°p-

Ibpw sNbvXp.

aq∂masØ bmXbn¬ Gjy≥t]mhn≥knte°p h∂p Ft^-

kqkv Bÿm\am°n ]h¿Øn®p. AXns‚ Np‰pap≈ ÿeßfn¬

hnPbIcambn theIƒ \-S∂p. AXns‚ kam]\ambn eqt°mkv

tcJs∏Sp-Øp-∂p: "Cßs\ I¿Øm-hns‚ hN\w i‡n-tbmsS ]c∂p

]_es∏´p' (19:20).

(6) kphntijw tdmambn¬ (19:21˛28:31): hnImkØns‚ Bdmw

L´Ønte°p \mw IS°p∂p. hfsc Zo¿L-amb Cu `mKØp \mS-

Iobhpw kmlknIhpamb ]e kw`hßfpw Dƒs°m≈p∂p.

AXns‚ XpS°w Xs∂ hfsc it≤bamWv. "CXp Ign™n´p

]utemkv a°tZm\ybnepw, AJmbbnepw IqSn IS∂p sbdpitean-

te°p t]mIWw F∂p a\ n¬ \n›bn®p; Rm≥ AhnsS sN∂

tijw tdmabpw ImtWWw F∂p ]d™p' (19:21).

Xs‚ Kpcphns‚ amXrI ]n≥]‰n ZrV\n›btØmsS ]utemkv

bdpitean¬ FØn. AhnsS \S∂ KqVmtemN\-bpsS ^eambn

]utemkv _‘\ÿ\mbn. XpS¿∂p hnkvXmcw, Pbn¬hmkw Ch-

bv°ptijw tdmante°v Abbv°-s∏Sp∂p. AhnsS FØnbtijw

Pbn¬hmkn F¶nepw hN\w ]mK¤ytØmsS kwkmcn°p∂p.

71]Imi-Øn-te°v

kphntijØn\p XS- -an√ F∂ NnXtØmsSbmWp eqt°mkns‚

NcnXmhnjvIcWØn\p Xnc»oe hogp∂Xv.

ssZhhn⁄m\obw

eqt°mkv tIhew Hcp NcnXImc-\√mbncp∂p. X\Xmb ho£-

Wßƒ D≈ Hcp ssZhimkvX⁄≥ IqSn Bbncp∂p. At±l-

Øns‚ c≠p IrXnIfpw Hcpan®p hmbn-®m¬ AXp hy‡amIpw

(kphntij]T\Øn¬ CtX∏‰n ]Xn]mZn®n´p≠t√m). ChnsS A∏-

kvtXme ]hrØnIfn¬ \n∂p Npcpfgnbp∂ Nne hnjbßsf

Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p.

1. ]cnip≤mflmhns‚ ]h¿Ø\w: aØmbnbpsS kphntij-

Øn¬ D∞nX\mb InkvXp hmKvZm\w sNøp∂Xv "temImhkm\-

tØmfw Rm≥ \nßtfm-SpIqsS Ccn°pw' F∂mWv. eqt°mkns‚

`mjyØn¬ D∞nX\mb InkvXphns‚ km∂n≤yw ]cnip≤mflm-

hn¬°qSn ÿnXnsNøp∂p. InkvXphns‚ ipiqj Bfl\ndhn¬

Bcw`n®Xpt]mse k`bpsS ipiqjbpw Bfl\ndhnemWp XpS-

ßp∂Xv.

DS\ofw Bflhym]mcsØ∏‰n hnhcn°p∂p. Cu ]pkvXIsØ

Nne ]finX∑m¿ "]cnip≤mflmhns‚ kphntijw' (Gospel of theHoly Spirit) F∂p hnfn®n´p≠v. BflssNX\yØn¬ [ocamb

km£oIcWw k`bn¬ \S°p∂p. c‡km£nXzw hcn°m\p≈

ss[cyhpw BflhcØmemWv. ]utemkns\bpw _¿∂_mkn-

s\bpw sXcs™SpØXpw \ntbmKn®bbv°p∂Xpw AhcpsS ]h¿-

Ø\ afiesØ \nb¥n®p \bn-°p∂Xpw ]cnip≤mflmhmIp∂p.

kp]-[m\amb Xocpam\ßƒ FSp°phm≥ k`sb \bn°p∂Xv

Bflm-htX (15:28).

]cnip≤mflmhp tIhew Hcp ssNX-\ytam i‡ntbm A√. Xocp-

am-\n°m\pw, \bn°m\pw, \nb-¥n°m\pw in£n-°m\pw F√mw Ign-

hp≈ Hcp BfØamWv. k`bpsS kIe i‡nbpw ssNX\yhpw

]cnip≤mfl hym]mcØn¬ ASnÿm\s∏´ncn°p∂p.

2. bpKm¥y ho£Ww: kphntij]T\Øn¬ CtX∏‰n A¬∏-

ambn \mw ImWpIbp≠mbn. tbiphns‚ ]p\cmKa\w sshIp∂p

F∂p I≠t∏mƒ, BKa\Øn\p apºp≈ L´w k`bpsS ]h¿Ø-

\Imeambn eqt°mkv ho£n°p∂p. Cu CS°me-Øv, k` temI-

Øns‚ A‰tØmfw InkvXphns‚ km£yw hln°pIbmbncp∂p

72 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

AXns‚ NpaXe. Cu ZuXy\n¿hlWØn\p≈ i‡n ]cnip≤m-

flmhn\m¬ e`n°pw.

k`bpsS ZuXyØn\pw, I¿Øhy \n¿hlW-Øn\pw henb

]m[m\yw eqt°mkv \¬Ip∂Xv At±-lØns‚ ta¬∏d™ ho£-

WØn¬ \n∂tX.

3. bdpitean\p≈ ÿm\w: kphntijØnepw A∏kvtXme

]hrØnbnepw bdpitean\p kp][m\amb Hcp ÿm\w eqt°mkv

\¬Ip∂p. ssZhnI t]cWbm¬ \bn°s∏´p bdpitean¬ sN∂-

tijamWp InkvXpkw`hßƒ \S°p∂Xv. InkvXphns‚ ipiq-

jbn¬ bdpitean\p henb ÿm\ap-≠v.

AXpt]mse k`bpw ]cnip≤mflhcØn\mbn bdpitean¬

ImØncn°Ww. bdpiteanse k` hfcp∂p. ChnsSbp≈ A∏-

kvtXmekaqlw k`bpsS ]h¿Ø\ßsf \nb¥n°p∂p. A∏-

kvtXme∑mcpsS ktΩf\w IqSp∂Xv AhnsSbmWv. F∂m¬ ]n∂oSv

B \KcØns‚ ÿm\w \jvSs∏´pt]mbn F∂p amXw.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. ]cnip≤mfl hym]mcØm¬ hfcp∂ k`sb A∏kvtXme]hr

ØnIfn¬ ImWp∂p. C∂sØ "Imcnkvam‰n°v ]ÿm\sØ'

CXns‚ shfn®Øn¬ Fßs\ hnebncpØpw?

2. bdpitew kp∂ltZmkns‚ ]m[m\yw shfns∏SpØpI.

3. A∏-kvtXme ]hrØn-I-fnse bpKm¥y ho£Wsa¥mWv?

73]Imi-Øn-te°v

bqWn‰v 3

ka-ho-£-W-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-fnse

][m\ ktµiw

]mTw 1

ssZhcmPyw

hm°ns\∏‰n k-aho£Wkphntijßfnse apJyhnjbw

]gb\nba ]›mØew tbiphns‚ D]tZiØn¬ ssZh-

cmPyhpw k`bpw

kaho£W kphntijßfpsS ]ckv]c_‘w, Ah Hmtcm-

∂ns‚bpw ]tXyIkz`mhßƒ, ssZhhn⁄m\obw F∂nßs\

s]mXphmb ]T\w \mw \SØn°gn™p. Cu kphntijßfnse

D≈S°Ønte°p IS∂v AhnsS°mWp∂ ][m\s∏´ Nne hnj-

bßƒ Hmtcm∂mbn ]Tn°pIbmWv ASpØXmbn \mw sNøp∂Xv.

ssZhcmPyw

tbiphns‚ D]tZisØ H‰hm°n¬ ]dbmsa¶n¬ AXp "ssZh-

cmPyw' F∂mbncn°pw. D]aIfn¬ apgßn tIƒ°p∂ ktµiaXm-

Ip∂p. hocy]hrØnIfpw A¤pXßfpw sXfnbn°p∂Xv Cu

bmYm¿∞yamWv. apt∂mSnbmb kv\m]Itbml∂m≥ sblqZyacp-

`qanbn¬ ]kwKn®p, "am\km¥cs∏Sphn≥; kz¿KcmPyw kao]n-®n-

cn°p∂p' (aØm. 4:1˛2). tbiphpw Cu ktµiamWp ]Jym]n-°p∂Xv

"am\km¥cs∏Sphn≥ kz¿KcmPyw kao]n®ncn°p∂p' (a-Øm. 4:17).

KeoebnepS\ofw Np‰nk©cn®Xp kz¿KcmPyØns‚ kphntijw

]kwKn®psIm≠tX. Xs‚ timXm°fpsS i≤sb ]nSn®p]-‰m≥

G‰hpw A\ptbmPyamb hnjbambncp∂p AXv.

ssZhcmPyw F∂ ]Zw c≠p ]mhiyw amXta aØmbn D]tbm-

Kn°p-∂p≈q (12:28; 19:24). as‰√m kµ¿`ßfnepw "kz¿KcmPyw' F∂

hm°mWv At±lw kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv. c≠ns‚bpw A¿∞w H∂p

Xs∂. blqZsc Dt±in®p kphntijsagpXnbXpsIm≠v aØmbn

"kz¿KcmPyw' F∂ ]Zw kzoIcn®p. ImcWw, ssZh\matØmSp≈

AXy[nIamb _lpam\w sIm≠p Ignbpsa¶n¬ ssZhw F∂ ]Zw

blqZ∑m¿ ]tbmKn°pambncp∂n√. "]nXmhns‚ cmPyw' (a-Øm. 13:43)

74 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

"a\pjy]pXs‚ cmPyw' (13:41; 16:28) F∂o ]tbmKßfpw ImWmw.

Chsb√mw A¿∞-am°p∂Xv a\pjy¿°p \nXyc£ ]Zm\w sNbvXp

sIm≠p≈ ssZhØns‚ ]nXr`cWamWv.

"a¬°qXv' (a¬°qtkm -kpdnbm\n) F∂ F_mb]Zw hyRvPn-

∏n°p∂Xv, "cmPXzw,' "`cWw', "k¿hm[n]Xyw' (Sovereignty) Fs∂-

√mamWv. A√msX ÿetØmSp _‘s∏SpØnb Hcmiba√ ][m-

\ambp≈Xv.

tbiphns‚ kaImeo\¿°p ]nbwIcamb Hcp ]Zambncp∂p

ssZhcmPyw. F¥mWv AXns‚ ]gb\nba ]›mØew? ]gb-

\nbaØn¬ Cu ]Zw hfsc hncfambn amXta ImWp∂p≈q. AXv

bnkmtb¬ cmjvSsØ°pdn°p∂Xn\mWv D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xv.

F∂m¬ ùanIamb cmjvSØn¬\n∂p hyXykvX-ambn `mhn-bn¬

]Xy-£s∏Sm\p≈ Hcp bmYm¿∞yambn Zm\ntb¬ ]hN\Øn¬

ImWmw (2:44; 7:27). ùanIcmPyßƒ DZn°bpw AkvXan°bpw

sNøp∂p. ssZhcmPyw F∂pw \ne\n¬°pw.

"ssZhcmPyw' F∂ hm°p ]gb\nbaØn¬ hncfamsW¶nepw

ssZhw cmPmhmIp∂p F∂ Bibw kpeàmWv. skan‰nIv Nn¥m-

KXnbmWv CXns‚ Bib]›mØew. ssZhw I¬∏n°p∂p; P\-

ßƒ A\pkcn°Ww. ssZhw Ahsc kwc£n°bpw, ]pe¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp∂p. ssZh-`cWw \nXyamWv. "btlmh F∂p-sa-t∂°pw

`cn°pw' (]p-d. 15:18; k¶o. 145:10˛13; 146:10). ssZhØns‚ cWw Xs‚

P\amb bnkmtbent\mSp _‘s∏´mIp∂p. AhcpsS cmPmhv

ssZhw amXamWv. AXpsIm≠v Ah¿°v Hcp cmPmhns\ hmgn®p

In´phm≥ At]£n®t∏mƒ ssZhØn\v AlnXambnØo¿∂p (1 iap.

8; 12:12). Ah¿ X∂n¬ hnizkn®pw, Xs∂ A\pkcn®pw, Pohn-®n-

cp∂t∏msg√mw ssZhw Ahsc `cn°pIbpw, ]cn-]men°pIbpw

sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah¿ Xs∂ [n°-cn-®-t∏mƒ ssZhw Ahsc

XyPn®p-I-f-™p. AXns‚ ê-ambn Zpc-¥-ßƒ kw`-hn-®p. sshtZ-

in-I-i-‡n-Iƒ Ahsc Iog-S-°n, ]oUn-∏n-®p. B kml-N-cy-Øn¬

ssZhw Xs‚ B[n-]Xyw ho≠pw ÿm]n®v Ahsc D≤-cn-°p-sa-∂p≈

]Xo-£-Iƒ \msº-Sp-Øp. ssZh-cmPyw mhn-bpsS Hcp ]Xo£ Bbn-

cp∂p (G-im. 24:21˛23; sk^. 3:14˛18: kJ. 14:16). ssZhw h¿Ø-am-\-

Im-e-Ønepw cmPm-hm-sW-¶nepw Xs‚ cmPXzw ]Xy-£-ambn ]I-S-

am-bn-cp-∂n√; AXp ad-™n-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ `mhn-bn¬ AXp i‡n-

tbmSpw hy‡-ambpw ]Xy-£-am-Ipw.

75]Imi-Øn-te°v

ssZh-cmPyw F∂ ]tabw tbip-hns‚ ka-Im-eo-\¿°pw ]nbw-

I-c-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xp ta¬∏-d™ kml-N-cy-Ønem-Wv. A∂p≈ blq-

Z-∑m¿ Ah-cpsS kp\-tKm-Kn¬ C]-Imcw Biw-kn-°p-am-bn-cp∂p

(Ct∏mgpw AXp-≠v): "Ahn-Sp∂p Xs‚ cmPyw \nß-fpsS Pohn-X-

Ønepw, \nß-fpsS Znh-k-ß-fnepw, bnkm-tb¬ h-\-°m-cpsS F√m

\mfp-I-fnepw thK-Øn¬ Bk-∂am-°n-Øo¿°s´! BΩo≥.'

ssZh-cmPyw hs∂-Øp-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° kw`-hn-°p-sa∂p-≈Xv

Ah-cn¬ ]ecpw ]ehn-[-Øn¬ ]Xo-£n-®p. Nne ]Xo-£I-fmWp

adn-bm-ans‚ ]mńepw (eq-t°m. 1:46-˛55), kJ-cn-bm-hns‚ ]mńepw

(eqt°m. 1:68˛79) ]Xn- -en®p ImWp∂-Xv. Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fpI-fnepw

CXp-t]m-ep≈ ]Xo-£-Iƒ ]I-Sn-X-ambn´p-≠v.

tbip-InkvXp IS-∂p-h-∂Xp ssZhcmPyw kam-K-Xambn F∂

]Jym]-\tØmsSbmIp-∂p. AhnSpsØ BK-a\hpw, ]h¿Ø-\-hpw,

ssZh-cmPyw ssIh-cpØp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂ c£-I≥

Ahn-Sp∂p Xs∂. "ssZhm-flmhn\m¬ Rm≥ qXßsf ]pd-Øm°p∂p

F¶ntem ssZhcmPyw \nß-fpsS ASp-°¬ hs∂Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p

kv]jvSw' (a-Øm. 12:28; eqt°m. 17:21). tbip-hns‚ ]kw-K-Øn¬

ssZh-cmPyw hs∂-Øn-sb∂v Adn-bn°p-Ibpw A¤pX-ß-fn¬°qSn

AXp sXfn-bn-°p-I-bp-atX sNbvX-Xv. `qX-ßsf _ln-jvI-cn-°p∂-

Xn¬IqSn-bpw, tcmK-ßsf ZpcoI-cn-°p∂-Xn¬°q-Snbpw ssZh-Øns‚

i‡n-bpw, B[n-]-Xyhpw IS-s∂-Øn-sb∂p sXfnbn-®p. ssZh-cmPyw

Hcp h¿Ø-am-\-Ime bmYm¿∞y-am-sW∂p hy‡-am-°n.

Aß-s\sb-¶n¬ Xn∑-sb-¥p-sIm≠v XpScp∂p? ssZh-cmPyw Hcp

bmYm¿∞ysa∂v Fßs\ AhImis∏Smw? AXn\pØcw kphn-ti-

j-I∑m¿ \¬Ip-∂Xp ssZh-cmPy-Øns‚ ]q¿Wna h∂pIgn-™n-ń√

F∂m-Wv.

ssZh-cm-Pyhpw `mhnbpw

InkvXphns‚ BKa\hpw c£Wy]hrØnbpw Hcp ]pXnb

bpKmcw`w Ipdn®p. AXns‚ kºq¿Øn `mhnbnemWv. AXpsIm-

≠mWp ssZhcmPyw hcphm\p≈ H∂mIp∂p F∂pw ]dbp∂Xv.

"ssZhcmPyw i‡ntbmsS hcp∂Xp ImWpthmfw acWw BkzZn-

°mØ Nne¿ Cu \n¬°p∂hcn¬ D≠v' (a¿t°m. 9:10) F∂p tbip

]kvXmhn®p. I¿Ømhp ]Tn∏n® ]m¿∞\bn¬ "\ns‚ cmPyw htc-

Wta' F∂p sNm√p∂p (a-Øm. 6:10). kz¿KcmPyw Ahkm\\mfp-I-

fn¬ amXta ]q¿Wambn km£m¬°cn°s∏SpIbp≈q F∂mWv

76 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

CXp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. `mhntbmSp _‘s∏SpØn ssZhcmPysØ-

∏‰n ]dbp∂`mKßƒ kphntijßfn¬ hfscbp≠v.

ssZh-Øns‚ lnXw kºq¿W-ambn \nd-thdp∂ hyh-ÿn-XnbmWv

ssZhcmPyw. ssZhcmPyØnte°p ]thin°pI F∂Xp ssZh`c-

WØn\p kºq¿Wambn hnt[bam°pI F∂mWv. ssZhØns‚

I¿ØrXzw ]q¿Wambn AwKoIcn°ptºmƒ Hcp hy‡n ssZh-

cmPyØnte°p ]thin°pIbmbn. ssZhcmPyw ]mYanIambn B¥-

cnIamb Hc\p`hamIp∂p. a\pjylrZbßfn¬ AXp ÿm]nX-

amIpw, AXns‚ _ln¿kv]pcWw kmaqlyPohnXØn¬ D≠mImXn-

cn°bn√. kvt\lhpw, kmtlmZcyhpw, kaXzhpw, \oXnbpw \ne-

\n¿Øp∂ Hcp kaqlw cq]s∏SpØm\p≈ Bthiap≠mIpw. lrZ-

bØn¬ amXw HXpßn\n¬°pIbn√. "ssZhcmPyw h∂ncn°p∂p;

am\km¥cs∏Spho≥' F∂p I¿Ømhpw injy∑mcpw ]kwKn®-

t∏mƒ, ssZhcmPyØn¬ ]thin°p∂Xn\v ]mYanIambn D≠m-

tI≠ A\p`hsØbmWv kqNn∏n®Xv. _≤∑m¿°p hnSp-X-epw, Ipcp-

S-∑m¿°p ImgvNbpw ]kw-Kn-∏m-\pw, ]oUnX-∑msc hnSphn®b∏m\pw

ZcnZ∑mtcmSp kphntijw Adnbn∏m\pamWv (eq-t°m. 4:18˛19) I¿-

Ømhp h∂sX∂p ]dbptºmƒ ssZhcmPyØns‚ kmaqlyhpw

kmºØnIhpamb am\ßfnte°p hnc¬ Nq≠pIbmWv.

k`bpw ssZhcmPyhpw

c≠pw XΩn¬ _‘ap≠v. ssZhcmPyamWv k`sb∂p Nn¥n®n-

cp∂ Imeap≠mbncp∂p. C∂mcpw Xs∂ ssZhcmPysØ k`-

bv°p≈n¬ ]cnanXs∏SpØpIbn√. ssZhcmPyØns‚ BZy^e-ambn

k`sb ImWmw. ssZhcmPym\p`hw ssIhcpØm≥ k` \ntbmKn-

°s∏´ncn°pIbmWv. k` tIhew Hcp kmapZmbnI kwLS\b√.

AXp kz¿KcmPyØns‚ ap≥Ipdnbpw, kz¿KcmPym\p`hØns‚

i‡amb km£nbpamWv.

tbip XpSßnsh® ssZhcmPyw ÿeImeßfn¬ km£m¬°--

cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xp k -bn-eq-sSbm-Ip-∂p. temImhkm\-Øn¬ shfn-

s∏Sphm\ncn°p∂ ssZhcmPyØns‚ uanI XeamWp k`. InkvXp

AXns‚ ÿm]-I≥ amXa√, `cWm[n]\pw hn[nI¿Ømhpw

BIp∂p. ssZhØns‚ `cWw k`bnepw k`bn¬°qSnbpamWp

temIØn\p ImWs∏tS≠Xv. ssZhcmPysØ temIØn\p shfn-

s∏SpØpIbmWv k`bpsS auenIamb I¿Øhyw. AXn\m¬

temIØn¬\n∂v Hgn™pamdm≥ km[ya√. Nnet∏mƒ temIsØ

77]Imi-Øn-te°v

hn[n-t°≠Xmbpw hna¿int°≠Xmbpw hcpw. F∂m¬ AXp

sNøW-sa¶n¬ k` kzbw XncpØphm\pw hnip≤n \ne\n¿Øm\pw,

ssZh-`-cWØn\p IqSpX¬ IqSpX¬ hnt[b-am°m\pw k∂-≤amsb-

¶nte km[n°q.

tNmZyßƒ

1. ""ssZhcmPyw'' F∂ hnj-b-Øns‚ ]gb-\n-ba-]-›m-Øew hnh-

cn-°p-I.

2. ssZh-cmPyw h∂p F∂-Xns‚ sXfnhp-Iƒ F¥m-bn-cp∂p?

3. ssZh-cm-Pyhpw k`bpw XΩn¬ F]-Imcw _‘-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p?

]mTw 2

ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚ [m¿Ωn-I-X:

Kncn-]- m-jWw

Hcp ]kw-K-a-√ -D-]-tZ-i-k-am-lm-cw -eq-t°m-kn¬ ka-Xe

]kwKw C-Xns‚ ]k-‡n-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ D≈-

S°w

kphntij`mKßfn¬ almflmKm‘nsb G‰hpw BI¿jn®Xp

Kncn]`mjWambncp∂p (a-Øm. 5-˛7). At±lw A\pZn\w AXp

hmbn°pItbm hmbn®ptIƒ°pItbm sNøpambncp∂p. alm\mb

tSmƒtÃmbnbpsS PohnXho£WsØ kzm[o\n® ][m\ t]cI-

i‡nbpw CXmbncp∂p. ssIkvXhcpw AssI-kvXhcpamb At\-

Isc BI¿jn®n´p≈Xpw kzm[o\n®n´p≈Xpamb H∂tX Kncn-

]`mjWw.

ssZhcmPysØ∏‰n \mw I≠pIgn™p. B ssZhcmPyØns‚

[m¿anI]amWamWp Kncn]`mjWØn¬ Db¿∂p-\n¬°p∂Xv.

ssZhcmPyØnse AwKßfpsS PohnXhnip≤nbpw [m¿anIXbp-amWv

AXns‚ A¥kØ. BZnak`bn¬ CXp kv\m\m¿∞nIfp-sSbpw

(catechumens) \hmKXcptSbpw ]T\hnjbambncp∂p. hen-bt\mºp

ImeØmbncp∂p Ahsc hnizmkw ]Tn∏n®ncp∂Xv. kpdn-bm\n

k`bn¬ t\mºpImesØ Zn\wtXmdpap≈ Gh≥tKentbm-\n¬

78 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

hmb\m`mKambn Kncn]`mjWw tN¿Øn´p≈Xv Cu ]mcº-cyØn¬

\n∂mbncn°mw.

Kncn]`mjWw tbiphns‚ Hcp ]kwKa√. AhnSp∂p sNbvX

]e ]kwKßfpsS ]k‡`mKßƒ Iq´nt®¿ØXmWv. eqt°m-

kns‚ kphntijw ]cntim[n®m¬ CXp hy‡amIpw. CXns‚ D≈-

S°w eqt°mkn¬ ]e `mKØmbn NnXdn°nS°p∂p. aØmbnbn¬

aeta¬ Ibdn \SØp∂ ]kwKambn AhXcn∏n°p∂p. eqt°m-

kn¬ kaXeØn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]kwKambpw (6:22˛49). c≠pw Bcw-

`n°p∂Xp `mKymhÿsb∏‰n (Beatitudes) bp≈ ]kvXmh\tbm-

sSbmWv; Ahkm\n°p∂Xv `h\\n¿amXmhns‚ D]-a-tbm-Spw.

Kncn]`mjWtØ°mƒ hfsc lkzamWp kaXe]kwKw. c≠p

kphn-tijIcpw Htc aqeØn¬ (Q) \n∂mbncn°Ww sXcs™Sp-

Øn´p-≈-Xv.

Kncn]`mjWw tImUoIcn®t∏mƒ AXn\v Hcp ]tXyI ]k‡n

D≠mbncp∂p. blqZaXhpambp≈ kwhmZw CXns‚ ]nºnep-≠v.

tami-bpsS \nb-a-ß-tfmSpw ]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSpw tbiphns‚ at\m-

`mhsa¥mWv F∂ tNmZyapb¿∂p. At±lw Ah \nckn®pthm?

]gb ]amWß-tfmSp H´pw _‘-an√mØ \qX\kn≤m-¥-ßfmtWm

At±lw ]Tn∏n®Xv? CXns\mcp adp]Sn \mw ChnsS ImWp∂p. "Rm≥

\ymb]amWsØtbm ]hmNI∑msctbm \ot°≠Xn\p h∂p

F∂p \ncq]n°cpXv; \o°phm\√ \nh¿Øn∏m\tX Rm≥ h∂Xv'

(a-Øm. 5:27). ]gb ]amWßƒ°p ]pXnb hym]vXnbpw ]k‡nbpw

\¬IpIbmWv tbip sNbvXXv. AXpsIm≠tX AhnSp∂p ]d™Xv

"\nßfpsS \oXn imkvXnamcpsSbpw ]coi∑mcpsSbpw \oXnsb

Ihnbp∂n√ F¶n¬ \nßƒ kz¿KcmPyØn¬ IS°bn√ F∂p

Rm≥ \nßtfmSp ]dbp∂p' (aØm. 5:20). \nbaw C√mXm-°pIb√,

]ns∂tbm AXns\ ]q¿Wam°pIbmbncp∂p tbiphns‚ ZuXyw.

]gbXns\ \n¿am¿P\w sNøpIb√, AXn\p ]pXnb am\hpw Bghpw

Is≠-ØpIbmbncp∂p AhnSp∂p sNbvXXv.

Kncn]`mjWw ]mtbmKnItam? Kncn]`mjW-Øns‚ Im¿°iyw

]e-scbpw \ncm-is∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xm-Wv. DZm. ktlmZct\mSp tIm]n-°p-

∂h≥ F√mw \ymbhn[n°p tbmKy\mIpw.......-\n mcm F∂p ]d-

™mtem \ymbm[n]k`bpsS apºn¬ \n¬t°≠nhcpw; aqVm F∂p

]d™mtem A·n\cIØn\p tbmKy\mIpw (aØm. 5:21) .....-h-e¶Æp

\n\°v CS¿®- hcpØps∂¶n¬ AXns\ Nqs∂SpØp Fdn™pIfI'

(a-Øm. 5:29), "iXp°sf kvt\ln-°Ww.' CsXms° Fßs\ ]mh¿-

79]Imi-Øn-te°v

ØnIam°mw! Akm[yamb Imcyßft√ Kncn-]`mjWØnep≈-Xv.

AXn\v F¥p \ymboIcWamWp≈Xv?

AtX∏‰n Db¿∂ph∂n´p≈ Nne A`n]mbßƒ

1. \n›bambpw ssZhcmPyØn¬ ]thin°p∂Xn\v Ch Bh-

iyamWv. \√ in£Whpw, A\pkcWhpw, \nbaßƒ ]men°p-hm-

\p≈ Xo£vWXbpw Bhiyw. "CSp°phmXneneqsSbmWt√m

]thint°≠Xv' (aØm. 7:13).

F∂m¬ ChnsS Hcp Imcyw Hm¿°-Ww, ssZhcmPyw Hcp Zm\hpw

Ir]bpamWv. AXp hmKvZm\w sNbvXn´p≈Xp "]m]nIƒ°mWv.' AXp

a\pjys‚ t\´Ømepw ]b-Xv\Ømepa√t√m. AXpsIm≠v H∂pw

sNtø≠ F∂p hcp∂n√.

2. eqYdpw a‰p ]e t]m -Ã‚p Nn¥-Icpw \n¿t±in°p∂Xv, A]m-

tbmKnIßfmb C°mcyßƒ H´pw Ab-hn√mØhn[w I¿°iambn

\¬Inbn´p≈Xp a\pjys‚ \n lmbXbpw, Ignhn√mbvabpw Ah≥

a\ nem°n ssZhØns‚ IcpW- (Grace) bn¬ kzbw A¿∏n°p-

hm≥th≠nbmWv. \ncmibpsS \o¿°bØn¬\n∂v Ah≥ Iqin-

¶te°p hnizmktØmsS t\m°n \oXoIcWw Is≠Øphm\nS-

bmIpw F∂tX.

CXp ]n¬°meØp t]m´Ã‚ v Nn¥Ifn¬ Db¿∂ph∂

kn≤m¥w Kncn]`mjWØns‚ta¬ ASnt®¬∏n°bmIp∂p.

ssZhXn-cpa\ v k^eoIrXam°m≥ a\pjy\p km[n°pIbns√-

∂p≈ Bibw AXnseßpw ImWp∂n√. Xs‚ I¬∏\Isf injy-

∑m¿ \n¿hln°phm≥ InkvXp ]Xo£n°p∂Xmbn´mWp Kncn]`m-

jWw shfns∏SpØp∂Xv.

3. CXnse ]amWßƒ ÿeIme]cnanXnIƒ D≈ C°mebf-

hnte°p≈X√; BZ¿ikpµcamb Hcp `mhn temIØn\pth≠n-

bmWv.

]amWßfpsS Im¿°iysØ Cu A`n]mbw Imcyambns´Sp-

°p∂p F∂p ]dbmw. ]t£ tbiphns‚ D]tZiw Cu temIPohn-

X-tØmSp _‘s∏SpØnbpw ]k‡am°nbpw \¬Inbn´p≈Xm-Wv.

"hy`nNmcw sNøcpXv, tamjvSn°cpXv' F∂pw a‰pap≈ I¬∏\-Iƒ°v

Cu temIPohnXØnet√ ]k‡nbp≈p.

4. CXnse ]amWßƒ k`bnse F√mh¿°p-ambn´√. I¿°-

80 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

ihpw, Xo£vWhpamb \nbaßƒ k`bnse th¿Xncn°s∏´ k\ym-

knIƒ°pw, Bfln-IthZnbn¬ Db¿∂pNcn°p∂h¿°pamWv. Ah¿

temItØbpw, AXns‚ tamZßsfbpw shSn™v CXnse ]amW-

ßƒ°\pkcWambn Pohn°Ww. km[mcW°mcmb hnizmkn-

Iƒ°v CXv F√mw _m[Ia√. tdma≥ ItØmen°mk`bn¬ Hcp

ImeØp kzoI-cn®ncp∂ A`n]mb-am-WnXv. ]t£ CXv C∂p kzoIm-

cya√. ta¬∏d™ hn[Ønep≈ Hcp XcwXncnhv I¿Ømhv AhnsS

\¬In-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n√. ssZhcmPyØnse AwKßƒs°-√mambn

\¬Ip∂ ]amWßfmbn´mIp∂p.

5. B¬_¿´v ssjz‰vk¿ D∂bn®n´p≈ kn≤m¥a\pkcn®v,

bpKm¥yw ASpØpsh∂v tbip hnizkn®XpsIm≠v AXn\papºp≈

CS-°metØ°v (Interim period) hfsc ITn-\hpw I¿°-i-hpamb \nb-

a-ßƒ \¬In F∂tX (ASnb¥ncmhÿ°meØv \nbaßƒ I¿-

°iambncn°p∂Xpt]mse). AXpsIm≠v CXns\ "CS°me [m¿-

anI \nbaßƒ' (Interim ethics) F∂p hnfn°p∂p.

\nbaßfpsS ]m[m\yw apJhnebv°v FSp°p∂p F∂ Hcp sa®-

anXnep≠v. ]t£ tbiphns‚ D]tZiØnseßpw, CXv Hcp Npcp-

ßnb kabtØ°p≈ I¿i\\nbasa∂p [z\n°p∂ bmsXm∂p-

an√. hnizmknIƒ InkvXobPohnXØn¬ A\p`hamt°≠ Imcy-

ßƒ Xs∂bmWv.

6. InkvXphns‚ [m¿anIimkvXw a\pjy]IrXnbne[njvTnX-

a√. Ah A\pjvTn∏m≥ km[mcW a\pjy\p km[n°bpan√.

F∂m¬ Cu "]pXnb]amWw' c£-bpsS A\p`hØn¬ "]pXnb

krjvSn'-bmbnØo¿∂n´p≈ a\pjy\p th≠nbmIp∂p (New law forthe New creation). kz¥ Ignhnepw t\´Ønepw Ah≥ Du∂¬ sImSp-

°p∂n√. Ah≥ ssZhIr]bn¬ F√m-bvt]mgpw Nmcp∂p. "a\pjy\v

Akm[ysa¶nepw ssZhØn\p kIeXpw km[yw' F∂v Ah≥

Hm¿°p∂p. ssZhIr] A\p`hn®n´p≈h\mbXpsIm≠v B Ir]

Ahs‚ PohnXØn¬ ]mh¿ØnIam°pIbmWp sNøp∂Xv.

F¥p e`n°psa∂p≈ ]Xn^eØns‚ e£ytØmsSb√, ssZhw

Ah\v F¥p sNbvXncn°p∂p F∂p≈ IrX⁄XbpsS at\m-

`mhØnemWv Ah≥ h¿Øn°p∂Xv. ssZhØns‚ ]pX∑mcpw ]pXn-

amcpw B°nØo¿Øncn°p∂Xn\m¬ AXn\\pkcWambn Pohn-

∏m\p≈ iaambncn°pw sNøp∂Xv.

81]Imi-Øn-te°v

D≈S°w

Kncn]`mjWØns‚ D≈S°w \mw Adn™ncn°Ww.

(1) AjvSku`mKyßƒ: ssZhcmPym-hIminIfpsS A\p`hamWv

AjvSku`m-Kyßƒ (a-Øm. 5:3˛10). eqt°mkns‚ kphntijØn¬

CXp \mep amXamWv (6:20˛22). Cu ku`mKyßƒ hc®pIm´p∂

kz`mhßƒ F√mw Xs∂ ASnÿm\]cambn InkvXphns‚ kz`m-

hamWv. ssZhcmPyw tbiphn¬ tIµoIrXamWt√m. Cu `mKy-

h¿W\Iƒ D]cnπhambn _elo\XIƒ F∂p tXm∂nt∏mImw.

F∂m¬ Ah ]pXnb bpKsØ kzmKXw sNøptºmgp≠mIp∂ A\p-

`hßfmWv.

(2) InkvXpinjy¿ (k- ): temItØmSp≈ _‘Øn¬ Fßs\

Bbncn°Ww (5:13˛16). Ah¿ temIØns‚ D∏pw (tISp IqSmsX

kq£n°p∂Xv; Aen™ptN¿∂p cpNn hcpØp∂Xv) ]Imihpam-

Ip∂p (bmYm¿∞yw shfns∏SpØns°mSpØp kXyØnte°p \bn-

°p∂p).

(3) ]gb\nbaßƒ°p ]pXnb `mjyw (6:17˛48): ]g-b\nb-

aßsf \o°n°fbpIb√, Ahbv°v ]pXnb A¿∞hpw hym]vXnbpw

Iev]n-°p∂p. sIme sNøcpXv hy`nNmcw sNøcpXv F∂p XpSßnb

Iev]\Iƒ, FSpØpsIm≠ _mlyamb ]hrØntb°mƒ D]cn

AXn\p t]c-I-amb Nn¥bpw \ncq]-W-hpamWp ][m\sa∂p ImWn-

°p∂p. hnhmltamN\w, I≈kXyw, ]XnImcw, iXp°tfmSp≈

kvt\lw F∂nhtb∏‰nbpw ]cma¿in°p∂p. kvt\lamWv F√m

Iev]\IfptSbpw ]q¿ØoIcWw.

(4) ]gb A\pjvTm\ßƒ°p ]pXnb `mjyw (6:1˛18): Zm\-

[¿Ωw, ]m¿∞\, D]hmkw Ch aq∂pamWv BflnIPohnX-Øns‚

aq∂p kvXw`ßƒ; ]gb\nbam\pjvTm\ßfn¬ ][m\s∏´h. ]coi

aX-Øn¬ Ah F]Imcw A\pjvTn®ncp∂p F∂p≈Xns‚ ASnÿm-

\ØnemWp ssZhcmPyØns‚ a°ƒ Fßs\ sNøWsa∂p

hy‡am°p∂Xv. ]m¿∞\sb∏‰nbp≈ ]cma¿iØn¬ Hcp amXrIm-

]m¿∞\bpw \¬Inbn´p≠v (CXp eqt°mkn¬ hyXykvXamb Hcp

kµ¿`ØnemWp tN¿Øn´p≈Xv 11:2˛4).

(5) PohnXØn¬ ]pe¿tØ≠ am\Zfißƒ (6:19˛7:23):

]mtbm-KnI PohnXØn¬ icnbmb B¥cnI Dt±iyw Xs‚ A\pKm-

an-Iƒ°p≠mbncnt°≠Xns‚ ]m[m\yw shfns∏SpØp∂p. temI-

82 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Øn¬ Bbncn°bpw, euInI¿ A√mXncn°pIbpw sNøm\p≈

Blzm\a-tX. bYm¿∞amb \nt£]w kz¿KØnembncn°Ww.

aptº Ahs‚ cmPyhpw \oXnbpw At\zjn°m\p≈ k∂≤Xbm-

Wmhiyw. BIpehpw D¬°-WvT-bpan√mØ PohnXw km[n-°phm≥

ssZh-Øns‚ ]nXr]cn]me\w a\ nem°nbm¬ aXn.

A\ysc hn[n°phm≥ Xp\nbmsX kzbw XncpØen\p ian°Ww.

hnebp≈ aqeyßsf AKWyambn X≈cpXv. hnizmk]q¿∆-ap≈

kao]\ambncn°Ww ]m¿∞\bn¬ th≠Xv. ssZhhpw a\p-jy\pw

XΩnep≈ _‘w k¿h][m\amWv.

Kncn]`mjWw kam]n°p∂Xp ^ew Imbn°p∂ hr£Øn-

s‚bpw (7:15˛29) ]mdta¬ hoSp]WnX a\pjys‚bpw ZrjvSm¥ßtfm-

sSbmWv. GImKa\t msS ssZhØns‚ hN\w kzoIcn®v, AX-

\pkcn®p Pohn°phm\p≈ I¿Øhyw A\pkvacn°p∂p.

tNmZyßƒ

1. Kncn]`mjWØns‚ ]k‡nsb kw_‘n®p≈ A`n]mb-ßƒ

Fs-¥√mw.

2. Kncn]`mjWØn¬ aØmbn tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈h eqt°m-

kns‚ kphntijØn¬ FhnsSsb√msa∂p I≠p]nSn°pI.

3. InkvXphns‚ D]tZiØn\v (Kncn]`mjWw) Fs¥¶nepw

auenIX AhImis∏Sm\pt≠m? CXc aXßfnepw, XØzNn¥-

bnepw kmayap≈h Fs¥√mw?

]mTw 3

tbip-hns‚ D]-a-Iƒ

tb-iphns‚ D]tZiØns‚ khntijX D]amkt¶Xw D]bp-

‡am°p∂p D-]aIfpsS XcwXncnhv D]am hymJym\Øn¬ Hm¿-

t°≠ Imcyßƒ

tbiphpw D]-a-Ifpw

"Cu a\pjy≥ kwkmcn°p∂Xpt]mse Bcpw Hcp\mfpw kwkm-

cn®n´n√' (tbml. 7:46) F∂p tbiphns‚ kw`mjWsØ∏‰nbpw,-

83]Imi-Øn-te°v

D]tZisØ∏‰nbpw ]dbØ°hÆw Ah AXpeyßfmbncp∂p.

km[mcW°mscbpw ]finX∑m-scbpw H∂pt]mse BI¿jn°m≥

t]mcp∂h Bbncp∂p. Hcp khntijX At±lw [mcmfw D]aIƒ

D]tbmKn®p F∂XmWv. AhnSpsØ Znhyktµiw A[nI]¶pw D]-

aIfn¬°qSn ]I¿∂p-sImSpØp.

Cu t_m[\am¿Kw tbiphns‚ X\Xmbn´p≈XmtWm? As√∂p

ImWmw, ]gb\nba]T\w \SØptºmƒ. ]hmNI-KŸßfn¬ D]-

-aIƒ [mcmfap≠v (sbiøm 5:1˛7; bncay 23:1˛4; tlmti. 4:16; 13:5˛6;

\ymbm. 9:7˛15). ]n¬°meØv blqZdm_namcpw CtX kt¶Xw Ah-

ew_n®ncp∂p. dm_namcpsS IrXnIfmb anZmjnw, anjv\, Xm¬apZv

F∂nhbnse√mw [mcmfw D]aIƒ \ap°p Is≠Ømw. dm_nam-cpsS

D]amcq]w Xs∂ tbiphpw ]et∏mgpw kzoIcn®n´p≈Xmbn

tXm∂p∂p. D]am]mcºcyw ]cnNnXamsbmcp P\X-tbmSmWv tbip

D]aIƒ ]d™Xv F∂p hy‡w.

F¶n¬ tbiphns‚ D]aIƒ°v F¥p ]tXyIXbmWp≈Xv?

Ahbv°v Fs¥¶nepw ]pXpabpt≠m? \n›bambpw Xs‚ D]a-

Iƒ°v Hcp \ho\Xbpw hiyXbpap≠mbncp∂p. timXm°fpsS

]XnIcWØn¬ CXp ]ISamWv; "CsX¥v, ]pXnsbmcp ]t_m-

[\w' (a¿t°m. 1:27). A\pZn\ PohnXØnse km[mcW kw`hß-

fmWv D]aIfmbn AhXcn∏n®Xv. KmaoW PohnXhpw, Kma`wKnbpw

D]aIfn¬ ap‰n\n¬°p∂p. hbense Xmacbpw, tKmXºpw, ap¥n-

cnbpw, AØnbpw, BImiØnse ]dhIfpw F√mw tbiphns‚

i≤bn¬s∏-´p. \m´n≥]p-dsØ I¿jI\pw, B´nSb\pw, ao≥]nSp-

Ø°mc\pw, sXcphoYnIfn¬ Ifn°p∂ ss]Xßfpw `h\Øn¬

]mXw IgpIp∂Xpw, hkvXw Xp∂p∂Xpw amhp Ipgbv°p∂Xpamb

kvXoIƒ; Chsc√mw AhnSpsØ D]aIfn¬ ÿew ]nSn®n´p≠v.

]ns∂¥mWv ]tXyIXbp≈Xv?

1. AhXcWØnse ]pXpa

GXp \nebnep≈h¿°pw BkzZn°Ø°hÆw efnXhpw kcf-

hpamWv tbiphns‚ D]aIƒ. F∂m¬ tIƒhn°mcpsS khntij-

i≤ BI¿jn°m≥ ]cym-]vX-amb Hcwiw AhnSpsØ D]aIfn¬

D≠mhpw. DZm: ]nXmhns‚ CjvSw sNbvXp Pohn® aqØ]pXs\-

°mƒ \ΩpsS A\pIº ]nSn®p]‰p∂Xp apSnb\mb Cfb aI\mWv.

tehyt\°mfpw ]ptcmlnXt\°mfpw \ΩpsS _lpam\w "AbnØ'-

°mc\mb \√ iacym°mc≥ B¿÷n°p∂p. \jvSs∏-SmØ sXmÆq-

84 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

s‰m≥]Xv BSnt\°mƒ A[nIw B\µw CSb\p \¬Ip∂Xp

ImWmsX t]mb BSmWv (AXns\ Xncn-®p -In´nbt∏mƒ). Cßs\-

bp≈ "A]q¿∆XIƒ' i≤ BI¿jn°pI amXa√, Nn¥-Iƒ DW¿-

Øphm\pw ]cym]vXambncp∂p.

2. ktµiØns‚ ]pXpa

D]aIƒ AhnSp∂v D]tbmKn®Xv AhnSpsØ ]pXnb ktµiw

A\mhcWw sNøm\mWv. IYIƒ ]gbXpw, km[mcW kw`hyßfp-

amImw. F∂m¬ Ahbn¬°qSn "ssZhcmPyØns‚ clkyw' shfn-

s∏-SpØpIbmIp∂p sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. dm_namcpsS D]aIƒ [m¿-

anI ]t_m[\w kpKaam°phm≥ amXambncp∂p. F∂m¬ tbip-

hns‚ D]aIƒ AhnSpsØ BKa\tØmSpIqSn BhnjvIcn°s∏´n-

cn°p∂ ssZhcmPyØns‚ kz`mhsØbpw ]h¿Ø\sØbpw

][m\ambpw ]Xn]mZn°phm\mWv. AXpsIm≠v [m¿anI ]t_m-

[\w Ahbn¬ Cs√∂p hcp∂n√. ssZhcmPyw kzoIcn°m≥, hy‡n-

Isf sh√phnfn°p∂hbmWp an° D]aIfpw.

3. D]amImcs‚ ]pXpa

tbiphns‚ ktµiØns‚ tIµw At±lw Xs∂ Bbncp∂p.

X∂n¬\n∂v A\yamb GtXm H∂nte°p hnc¬ Nq≠p∂hb√;

AhnSpsØ hy‡nXzØnte°pw ZuXyØnte°pw shfn®w hoip-

∂hbmbncp∂p AhnSpsØ D]aIƒ. D]aIfneqsSbp≈ ]tLmj-

W-Øns‚ hnjbw AhnSp∂p Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

Cßs\ t\m°ptºmƒ tbiphns‚ D]aIƒ°v A\ymZriamb

BI¿j-WobXbpw A¿∞]pjvSnbpw D≠m-bncp∂Xmbn ImWmw.

D]aIƒ Fßs\ XcwXncn°mw

kaho£W -kphntijßfn¬ amXamWv D]aIƒ \mw ImWp-

∂Xv. tbml-∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬ cq]Ißƒ (allegory) amX-

tabp≈p. DZm. hmXn¬, ap¥ncnh≈n, CSb≥. kaho£W kphn-

tijØn¬ 65 D]aIƒ Ds≠∂mWv s]m^k¿ am≥k≥ A`n-

]mbs∏Sp∂Xv. Ahsb Fßs\ XcwXncn°msa∂p ]ecpw ]co-

£n®n´p≈XmWv. ]e am\Zfißfpw D]tbmKs∏SpØmw. hnjb-

Øns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬ Ahsb hn`Pn°pIbmWv G‰w Ffp∏-amb

am¿Kw. ssZhcmPyØns‚ D]aIsf s]m^. tUmUv hn`Pn-®n´p≈Xp

ssZhcmPy]Xnk‘nbpsS D]aIƒ F∂pw, ssZhcm-PyØns‚

85]Imi-Øn-te°v

hf¿®bpsS D]aIƒ F∂pamWv. s]m^. am≥k≥ D]-aIsf

aq∂mbn hn`Pn®ncn°p∂p.

1. \∑bpsSbpw Xn∑bpsSbpw `mhßsf ]ISam°n a\pjy-

kz`mhw shfns∏SpØp∂ D]aIƒ. AhcpsS a\x m£nsb Xńbp-

W¿Øp∂Xn¬°qSn timXm°ƒ°v Bfltim[\ \SØp∂Xn\pw

kzbw Is≠Øp∂Xn\pw Ch D]Icn°p∂p.

DZm: _p≤nbp≈h\pw, _p≤niq\y\pamb `h\w ]Wn°m¿.

\√ iacy°mc≥, Hgn™pInS°p∂ `h-\w, [\hm\mb aqV≥,

A\oXnbp≈ ImcyhnNmcI≥, ]Øp I\yIam¿.

]coi\pw Np¶°mc\pw; bp≤Øn\p t]mIp∂ cmPmhv; tKm]pcw

]Wnbp∂h≥; tXm´Øn¬ thebv°v Ab°s∏Sp∂ c≠p a°ƒ.

2. ssZh`cWsØbpw, ssZh]h¿Ø\ßsfbpw ]kv]jvSam-

°p∂ D]aIƒ. km[mcW kw`hßsf am[yaam°ns°m≠v, ssZh-

kz`mhsØbpw, Znhy]-h¿Ø\ß-sfbpw hniZoIcn°p∂p. a\p-jy-

lr-Z-b-ß-fn¬ hnizm-khpw Bfln-I-amb Dƒ°m-gvNbpw ssIhcp-Øp-

IbmWv e£yw. ssZh-sØ-∏‰n hy‡n-]c-ambn a\- nem°p∂-Xn-\pw,

X∑qew, Bg-amb kvt\l-hpw `‡nbpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Df-hm-Ip-∂-

Xn\pw km[n-°pw.

DZm: hnX-°m-c≥, cl-ky-Øn-¬ hf-cp∂ hnØv, ISp-Ipa-Wn, ]pfn∏v,

ad™ncn-°p∂ \n[n, hne-tb-dn-b- ap-Øv, hnØpw If-bpw, hnhn[ a’y-

ßƒ AI-s∏´ he, apń-∏mbn At]-£n-°p∂ hn[h, A¿≤cmXn-

bn¬ apńhnfn°p∂ kvt\ln-X≥, ImWmsX-t]mb BSv, \jvS-s∏´

Z“.

ta¬°m-Wn® D]-a-I-fn¬ ][m\ambn ssZhcm-Pyhpw ssZh-

Øns‚ ]h¿-Ø-\hp-amWv Bhn-jvI-cn®n-´p-≈Xv.

3. a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-hpw, ssZh-]-h¿Ø-\-hpw c≠pw Hcp-an®p _‘-

s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p≈ D]-a-Iƒ. a\p-jykz-`m-hsØ ssZh-Øns‚ kz`m-

hhp-ambn XmcX-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv Nne kXy-ßƒ shfn-s∏-

SpØp-∂Xv.

DZm: apSn-b≥]pXs‚ D]-a-bn¬, ]nXm-hns‚ Icp-Wmakr-W-amb

kvt\l-hpw, aqØa-Is‚ \n¿±-b-hpw, \njvTqc-hp-amb s]cp-am-‰hpw

ImWmw. Cu D]-a-I-fpsS Dt±iyw A\p-Xm-]-hpw, am\-km-¥-chpw Df-

hm-°p-I-bm-Wv. a\p-jys‚ [m¿Ωn-Ihpw, Bfln-I-hp-amb hi-ß-fn-

86 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

te°p shfn®w hoin-s°m≠v ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°p \bn-°mXncn°-

bn-√. ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞- kz-`m-hsØ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp°p∂-

tXmsSm∏w a\p-jy≥ FØnt®cm-hp∂ Hu∂-Xyhpw ImWn-°p-∂-h-

bmWv tbip-hns‚ D]-a-Iƒ.

D]am hyJym\w

D]-a-I-fpsS kµ¿`-hpw, ]›mØehpw kphntijßfn¬\n∂p

kpKmlya√mØXn\m¬ D]amhymJym\Øn¬ ]bmkßƒ t\cn-

Sp∂p. tbip FhnsSh®v, Ft∏mƒ, F¥n\pth≠n ]d™psh∂p

kphntijI∑m¿°p Xs∂ \n›ban√. AXpsIm≠v Ah¿ kz¥w

\nKa\Øn¬ FØn Hmtcm kµ¿`Ønepw tN¿Øv AhXcn∏n®ncn-

°bmWv. X∑qew Hcp D]abpsS Xs∂ kµ¿`hpw ]›mØehpw,

c≠p kphn-ti-j-ßfn¬ c≠p- hn-[-Øn¬ Is≠∂p hcpw. DZm: ImWm-

sXt]mb BSns‚ D]a. aØmbn 18, eqt°m. 15. kµ¿`ßƒ c≠nepw

hyXykvXamWv.

tbip ]kvXmhn®t∏mƒ Bsc e£yam°ns°m≠p ]d™p-

sh∂p ]n∂oSp \n›ban√msX h∂t∏mƒ A∂sØ k`tbmSp≈

_‘Øn¬ ]eXns\bpw ]p\cmJym\w sNbvXn´p≈Xmbn ImWmw.

D]aIfpsS A¿∞w Is≠Øm\p≈ \ΩpsS iaØn¬ i≤n-t°≠

Nne Imcyßfp≠v.

1. kphntijØn¬ B ]tXyI kµ¿`Øn¬ \¬Inbncn°p-∂-

Xns‚ Dt±iysa¥v? kphntijØns‚ a‰p mKßfpambn CsX-ßs\

tbmPn°p∂p F∂p I≠p]nSn°Ww.

2. kphntijI≥ D]tbmKn°p∂Xn\p apºv A∂p≈ k` B

D]asb Fßs\ ho£n®p? F¥¿∞aXn\p \evIn? InkvXob-

kaqlw AhcpsS D]tZiØnepw, ]t_m[\Ønepw AXv Dƒs∏Sp-

ØnbXv F¥p e£ytØmsSbmWv?

3. tbip CXp ]kvXmhn®t∏mƒ F¥¿∞w \evIn? tbip Dt±-

in®sX¥v? AhnSpsØ timXm°ƒ Bcmbncp∂p? Ahscßs\

AXp a\ nem°n?

Cu tNmZyßƒ°pØcw I≠p]nSn°m≥ ian°Ww. Hmtcm D]-

abv°pw ][m\ambn Hcp tIµ ktµiamWp≠mhpI. AsX¥m-

sW∂v I≠p]nSn°p-I-bm-Wv Bh-iyw. D]abpsS hnhn[ mK-ßƒ°p

A¿∞w \¬Ip∂Xp tIµktµiw Is≠Ønb tijta BImhq.

87]Imi-Øn-te°v

tbiphns‚ D]aIƒ a\pjycmin°v F∂pw ktµihmlnIfm-

bnØs∂ \nesIm≈p∂p. AhbpsS ImenIamb ]k‡nbpw,

A¿∞hpw I≠p]nSn°p∂XnemWp \ΩpsS [ym\hpw ]T\hpw

tIµoIcnt°≠Xv.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. a¿t°mkv 4; aØmbn 13. Cu c≠v A≤ymbßfnsebpw D]a-

IfpsS ]Xn]mZ\Ønep≈ hyXymkßƒ I≠p]nSn°pI.

2. ssZhcmPyØns‚ khntijXIsf shfns∏SpØp∂ D]a-Iƒ

GsX√mw?

3. bpKm¥ykw`hßtfmSp _‘s∏´ D]aIƒ GsX√mw?

4. D]amhymJym\w \SØp∂Xn¬ Hm¿Øncnt°≠ Imcyßƒ

Fs¥√mw?

]mTw 4

tbip-InkvXp Bcv?

kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ tbiphns\ Fßs\ NnXoI-cn®n-

cn°p∂p? D]tbmKn®n´p≈ t]cpIfpw A¿∞hpw

tbipInkvXphns‚ ktµisØ∏‰nbmWp apºp≈ ]mTßƒ

N¿® sNbvXXv. ssZhcmPysØ∏‰nbpw, AXns‚ [m¿anI \oXnsb-

°p-dn®pw \mw a\- n-em°n°gn-™p. D]am kt¶Xw hgn-bp≈ tbip-

hns‚ ]t_m[\sshinjvSyhpw \mw a\ nem°n. C\nbpw ]k-

‡amb Hcp tNmZyap≠v, Cu tbip Bcmbncp∂p? Xs‚ ZuXyw

F¥mbncp∂p? kaho£Wkphntijßƒ tbiphns\ F]Im-

camWv AhXcn∏n®n´p≈Xv.

hnhn[ t]cpIƒ (Titles) tbiphn\p \¬Inbn´p≈Xmbn ImWmw.

Ahsb√mw ]gb\nba]-›m-ØeØn¬ amXta a\- nem°m≥

Ignbq.

1. aviolm (In-kvXp)

Cu t]cv tbiphns‚ A[cßfn¬\n∂v A]q¿∆ambn amXw tIƒ-

88 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

°p∂XmWv. F∂m¬ ka-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-I-∑m¿ tbip-hns\

"aviolm' Bbn AwKo-I-cn-°bpw B hn[-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. Xmsg-∏-d-bp∂ `mK-ßƒ i≤n-°p-I: tbip-hns‚ ]tem-`-

\-ßƒ (a¿t°m. 1:11), tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]-I\p tbip \¬Ip∂ adp-

]Sn (a-Øm. 11:2˛6), bdp-i-te-an-te-°p≈ tbip-hns‚ al-Xz-]-th-i\w

(k-J-cy 9:9 ImWpI), alm-]p-tcm-ln-Xs‚ apºmsIbp≈ hnkvXmcw

Ch-sb√mw Ahn-Sp∂p aviolm BsW∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h-bm-Wv.

"aviolm' F∂ hm°ns‚ A¿∞w "A`n-jn-‡≥' F∂m-Ip-∂p.

CXp bnkm-tb-ense cmPm-°-∑m¿°pw, alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m¿°pw D]-

tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂ hnti-j-W-am-Wv. F∂m¬ tbip-hn\p \¬In-bn- p-≈Xv

Ah-cn¬ Hcmƒ F∂- t]m-se-b-√, ]ns∂tbm Ckm-tbey P\X-

bpsS ]Xo£ km^-ey-a-Wn™ hy‡n F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv; ]h-N-

\-ß-fpsS F√mw \nhrØn X∂n¬ ssIh∂p F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬.

F¥mWp aviolm-sb-∏‰n blq-ZP\w hniz-kn-®Xv? Nne ]fin-

X-∑m-cpsS A`n-]m-b-Øn¬ (DZm: tPmk^v ¢ukv\¿) tami-sb-∏-‰n-

bp≈ [mc-W-bn¬ \n-∂mWp aviolm-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]Xo£ hf¿∂Xv.

CuPn-]vXnse ASn-a-Xz-Øn¬\n∂v A¤p-X-I-cambn Ckm-tbeysc

hntam-Nn-∏n-®Xp tami-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse `mhn-bn¬ kºq¿Æ

hntam-N\w \¬Ip∂ Hcp-h≥ Db¿∂phcpw. ZmhoZv Ckm-tb-ey¿°p

kzmX-¥yhpw Z-Xbpw ssIh-cp-Øn. AXp-t]mse mhn-bn¬ hcp∂

hntamNI≥ ZmhoZns‚ hwiP\mbncn°pw. aviolmsb-∏‰n-bp≈

hnizmkw cq]w]q≠Xv Ckm-tb-ense cmP-hm-gvN-bn¬ \n-∂mWv F∂p

Icp-Xp∂ ]fin-X-∑m-cp-ap≠v (D-Zm. au\n-°¬). cmPmhv A`n-jn‡-

\m-bn-cp-∂p. Abmƒ btlm-h-tbmSp ]tXyIw _‘w ]pe¿Øn; Znhy-

amb i‡nbpw A[n-Im-chpw B¿Pn-®p. F∂m¬ hcm\n-cn-°p∂

cmPmhv AYhm aviolm Bbn-cn°pw DØ-a\pw, BZ¿i-hm-\p-amb

bnkm-tb-ens‚ cmPm-hv. Ah≥ km¿heu-In-I-amb A[n-Im-c-ap-≈-

h-\pw, ]Xm]hm\pambncn°pw. avinlmsb∏‰nbp≈ ]Xo-£Iƒ

i‡ambn hf¿∂p h∂Xp bnkmtb¬°m¿ hntZim[n]-XyØn¬

sRcpßn°gn™t∏mgmWv. Akm[mcWamb hy‡n]- mhtØmsS

tbml∂m≥ kv\m]I≥ ]Xy£\mbt∏mƒ Ah≥ Xs∂ Bbn-

cn°pw aviolm F∂p P\w kwibn®p.

kaho£W kphntijßƒ tbiphns\ bnkmtbens‚ bYm-

¿∞ aviolm Bbn´hXcn∏n°p∂p. F∂m¬ BflnIhpw, [m¿anI-

hpamb Hcp B[n]XyamWv AhnSptØXv; cmjvSoba√. tbip-

InkvXp BXy¥nI hntamNI\mWv. AhnSp∂p ]IrXni‡nI-

89]Imi-Øn-te°v

fpsStaepw A[nImcap≈h\mIp∂p (I-Sens\ imkn°p∂Xv). am-

Xa√ AZriytemIØp hym]cn°p∂ ss]imNnI i‡nIfpsS-

taepw AhnSptØbv°v A[nImcap≠v. H∂pw AhnSpsØ \nb¥-

WØn¬ s]SmØh Bbn´n√. ZmhoZns‚ k¥Xn F∂p hntijn-

∏n°p∂Xn¬IqSn bnkmtbeycpambn ]tXyI_‘w shfns∏Sp-

ØpIbpw, ]hN\ ]Xo£IfpsS ]q¿ØoIcWambn´mWv Ahn-

Sp∂p h∂Xv F∂p hy‡am°pIbpatX sNøp∂Xv.

2. ssZh]pX≥

]Xy£ambnt´m ]tcm£ambnt´m 24 ]mhiyw ssZh]pX≥

F∂ t]cv tbiphn\p kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ \¬Inbn´p-

≈Xmbn ImWmw. "AtX ]nXmth, Cßs\bt√m \n\°p ]kmZw

tXm∂nbXv. Fs‚ ]nXmhv kIehpw F¶¬ `ctaev]n®ncn°p∂p.

]nXmh√msX Bcpw ]pXs\ Adnbp∂n√; ]pX\pw ]pX≥ shfn-

s∏-Sp-Øns°mSp∏m≥ C—n-°p∂h\pa√msX Bcpw ]nXmhns\ Adn-

bp∂n√' (a-Øm. 11:27). "B \mfpw \mgnIbpw kw_‘nt®m ]nXm-

h√msX Bcpw, kz¿KØnse ZqX∑mcpw, ]pX\pw IqSn Adnbp-∂n√'

(a¿t°m. 13:32). ssZh]pX≥ F∂p kzbw hntijn∏n°p∂ ][m\-

s∏´ c≠p mKßfsXbnXv. Nne kµ¿`ßfn¬ "aviolm' F∂Xns‚

]cymbambn "ssZh]pX≥' F∂p hnfn°p∂p≠v (eq-t°m. 22:66˛70

ImWpI). AXn¬\n∂p a\ nemIp∂Xp aviolmbv°p ssZh]pX≥

F∂ t]cpw \¬Inbncp∂Xmbn´mIp∂p.

bh\]mcºcyØn¬ "ssZh]pX≥' F∂ ]tbmKw k¿hkm-

[mcWambncp∂p. F∂m¬ kphntijßfpsS ]nºn¬ F_mb-

]mcºcyamWp t]cIambn´p≈Xv. ]gb\nbaw ]cntim[n®m¬

"bnkmtb¬ P\X'bv°p ssZh]pX≥ F∂ \maw \¬Inbn´p≠v.

"bnkmtb¬ Fs‚ ]pX≥, Fs‚ BZyPmX≥ Xs∂. F\n°p

ipiqj sNøm≥ Fs‚ ]pXs\ hn´bbv°-Wsa∂p Rm≥ \nt∂mSp

Iev]n°p∂p' (]p-d. 4:22˛23). CXtX btlmhbpsS hm°pIƒ.

tlmtib ]hmNI\pw CXn\p kam\amb hm°pIƒ D≤cn-°p-∂p

(11:1, 3˛4). bnkmtb¬ P\sØ apgph\mbn "ssZh]pX≥' F∂p

hntijn∏n°p∂p (sbi. 1:2; 63:15˛16 ImWp-I). tbiphns\ ssZh-

]p-X≥ F∂p hnfn°p∂Xv GX¿∞-Øn-emWv? AhnSp∂p "bYm¿∞

bnkmtb¬' BIp∂p F∂ \nebnemtWm? bnkmtb¬ P\X-bpsS

]Xn\n[nbpw ]XoIhpw Ahn -Sp∂mbncp∂Xn\memtWm?

bnkmtb¬ P\XbpsS A\p`hw tbipInkvXphn\p≠mbXmbn hn.

90 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

aØmbn kqNn∏n°p∂p. CuPn]vXn¬ \n∂p Xncn®ph∂Xv (a-Øm.

2:15cf. tlmi. 11:1); acp`qanbn¬ Bbncp∂Xv, bnkmtben\p t\cn´

XcØnep≈ ]tem`\ßƒ tbiphn\pap≠mIp-∂Xv Ch-sbms°

AhnSp∂v bYm¿∞ bnkmtb¬ F∂p sXfnbn°m\mWv.

F∂m¬ AXnep]cnbmb Hc¿∞hpw, ÿm\hpw "ssZh]pX≥'

F∂ kw⁄bnep≠v. bnkmtbent\m, a‰m¿°ptam AhImis∏-

Sm≥ ]mSn√mØ Hcp ÿm\w tbiphn\v ssZhtØmSp≠mbncp∂-

Xmbn ImWmw. AØcØnep≈ Hcht_m[w tbiphn\p≠mbncp-

∂Xmbn kphntijI∑m¿ a\ nem°n. ssZhØns‚ ]nXrXzsØ

blqZ∑m¿ F√mhcpw A°meØp hnizkn®ncp∂p. F∂m¬ tbip

AXn¬\n∂p hyXykvXamb Hcp _‘amWp Xt‚-sX∂p IcpXn.

AXv \nXy\mb ]nXmhnt\mSp≈ Xs‚ \nXyamb Hcp _‘amWv.

AtX-∏‰n IqSp-Xembn \n¿hNn°phmt\m hniZoIcn°p-hmt\m kphn-

tijI∑m¿ HcpsºSp∂n√.

3. a\pjy]pX≥

kphntijßfn¬ tbip kzbambn hnti-jn∏n® km[mcWamb

kw⁄ "a\pjy]pX≥' F∂p≈XmWv. kphn-ti-j-ßƒ°p]p-dØv

AXv A[n-I-ambpw \mw ImWp-∂pan√.

F_m-b, Adamb `mjI-fn¬ "a\pjy]pX≥' F∂p≈Xns‚

A¿∞w Hcp a\pjyhy‡n F∂p amXamWv. Cu A¿∞ØnemtWm

tbipInkvXp B ]Zw kzbw hnti-jWambn D]-tbmKn®Xv? As√-

∂pthWw ]gb\nba ]-›mØeØn¬ a\ nemt°≠-Xv. Cu

t]cn\v AXnt‚Xmb Hcp NcnXap≠v.

(a) k¶o. 8:4, 5. "a¿Xys\ \o Hm¿t°-≠-Xn\v Ah≥ F¥v? a\pjy-

]pXs\ kµ¿int°≠Xn\v Ah≥ F¥pamXw?' ChnsS a\pjy-

]pX\v "a\p-jy≥' F∂p amXamW¿∞w. ssZhap-ºmsI Ah≥ GXp-

an√ F∂pw, AtX-k-abw Ah≥ CXc krjvSn-I-fn¬ G‰w Hu∂-

Xy-ap-≈-h≥ F∂p-amWv ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

(b) sbl. 2:1, "a\p-jy-]pXm; \nh¿∂p-\n¬°; Rm≥ \nt∂mSp

kwkm-cn°pw.' Cu ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ F¨]-tØ-gp-]m-hiyw ]hm-N-

Is\ ssZhw kwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xv, "a\p-jy-]pXm' F∂m-Wv. ssZ-

ha-lXzØns‚ apºn¬ a\p-jys‚ \n mcXsb ImWn-°p∂ Hcp

t]cp am-Xw.

(c) k¶o. 80:17 "\o \n\-°mbn hf¿Ønb a\p-jy-]pXs‚ta¬

91]Imi-Øn-te°v

Xs∂ Ccn-°-s´. F∂m¬ Rßƒ \ns∂ hn´p ]n∑m-dp-I-bn√.' ChnsS

"a\p-jy-]p-X≥' H‰-s∏´ hy‡n-b√; bnkm-tb¬ P\X apgp-h-\m-Wv.

(d) apI-fn¬ I≠ Bibw Ipsd-°qSn ]cn-]p-jvSn-s∏-´n-cn°p-∂Xv

Zm\n. 7:13˛14 -em-Wv. "cmXnZ¿i-\-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy-]p-X-t\mSp kZr-i-

\mb Hcp-Ø≥ BIm-i-ta-L-ß-tfmsS hcp-∂Xp I≠p....-k-I-ehw-i-

ß-fpw, PmXn-Ifpw, `mj-°mcpw Ahs\ tkhn-t°-≠-Xn\p Ah\v

B[n]Xyhpw al-Xzhpw cmP-Xzhpw e`n-®p. Ahs‚ B[n]Xyw

\oßn-t∏m-Im-ØXpw Ahs‚ cmPXzw \in-®p-t]m-Im-ØXpw BIp∂p.'

ChnsS hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ "a\p-jy-]p-X≥' Bsc∂v Zm\o. 7:18, 22, 27

F∂o hmIy-ß-fn¬ ImWmw. "AXyp∂X\mb-hs‚ hnip≤∑m¿'

F∂p hnfn®n-´p≈ "bnkm-tb¬ P\amWv' a\pjy]p-X≥. Ah≥

]Xy-£-\m-Ip-∂Xp a‰p arK-ßƒ (cm-jvS-ßƒ) \n¿am¿P\w sNø-

s∏-´Xn\p-ti-jam-Wv. NcnXØns‚ ]q¿ØoI-cW-Øn¬ ]Xy£-am-

Ip∂ Znhy-amb Hcp kaq-l-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-bpw, ]Xo-I-hp-amWp

a\pjy]pX≥.

(e) As∏m-In^m ]pkvX-I-amb lmt\m-°ns‚ IrXn-bn¬

(InkvXphn\p apºp≈Xv) "a\pjy]pXs\∏‰n'bp≈ hniZamb Hcp

NnXoIc-W-ap-≠v. al-Xz-]q¿W-amb Xs‚ cq]w hnh-cn®tijw "a\p-

jy-]p-X≥' Bcm-Ip∂p F∂ tNmZy-apb¿Øp∂p. Ah≥ B¿Z-

hm\pw, \oXnam\pw, Znhyclkyßsf shfns∏SpØp∂h\pw, krjvSn-

°p aptº Xncs™Sp°s∏´h\pw, kIe Bflm°tf°mfpw D∂-

X\pw, km¿hXnI \ymbhn[n \SØphm≥ A[nImcw e`n®h\p-amWv

(lmt\m°v 46˛47).

ChnsS hnhcn°p∂Xp Zm\ntb¬ ]hN\Øn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈

A¿∞ØnemtWm? ChnsS c≠nSØpw ImWp∂Xv Ah≥ qan-bn¬

\n∂p≈h\√; kz¿KØn¬\n∂p taLmcqV\mbn hcp∂h\mWv.

bnkmtb¬ P\XbpsS ]XoIsa∂Xnt\°mƒ, bpKm¥yØn¬

]Xy£s∏Sp∂ k¿hm[n]Xnbpw hn[nI¿Ømhpam-Wv.

ta¬°mWn® ]-cma¿i-ß-fn¬ \n∂v a\ nemIp∂Xv Cu t]cns‚

A¿∞Øn\v hf¿®bpw hym]vXnbpw ssIh∂p F∂mWt√m. ]Ya

ihWØn¬ tXm∂p∂ A¿∞tØ°mƒ Bghpw hymani-Xbpw

H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ AXn\p≠mbncp∂p.

"a\pjy]pX≥' ssZhP\sØ AhcpsS tijvTm\p`hØn¬

]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂h\mWv; AtX-kabw bnkmtbens\ D≤cn°p-

hm\pw hntamNn∏n°phm\pw \nbp‡\mWv. Ah≥ A`uanI\pw,

92 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Znhy\pw, BfloI]`mhap≈h\pamIp∂p. Cu ]d™hbpsS ASn-

ÿm\Øn¬ kaho£W kphntijßfnte°v \mw XncnbWw.

I¿Ømhv Ft∏mgpw kzbw hntijn∏n°p∂Xv B t]cnemWv.

ImcWw AXp timXm°sf Nn¥n∏n°phm\pw AhcpsS BtemN-

\sb XńbpW¿Øphm\pw ]cym]vXambncp∂p. AhnSpsØ ipiq-

jbpsS clkyw Fs¥∂p I≠p]nSn°phm≥ AXp t]cW \¬In.

"a\pjy]pX\mb' Cu tbip XnI®pw ùanI\mb Hcph\mWv.

a\pjyXzØns‚ ]cnanXn°p≈n¬ ]hrØn®h≥. G‰hpw hn\o-

X\mbn Zmkcq]w FSpØh≥. IjvS∏mSpIfpw ]oU\hpw kln®-

h≥. AXnZmcpWamb IqipacWw hsc G‰h≥. Ah≥ P\ßsf

am\km¥cØn\mbn £Wn°p∂p. Ah≥ Xs∂bt√ NcnX-Øns‚

]cnkam]vXn ssIhcpØp∂h≥? Aht\mSp≈ _‘hpw ]Xn-

IcWhpamWp kIe- a\pjycptSbpw mKt[bw Ipdn°p∂Xv. "a\p-

jy]pX≥' F∂ kw⁄ a\pjylrZbßfn¬ kΩnihnImcß-

sf DW¿Øpw. AkzÿXIsf krjvSn°pw; icnbmb ]XnIcWw

Ahsc c£bnte°p \bn°pIbpw sNøpw.

ta¬ Nq≠n°mWn® ][m\s∏´ t]cpIƒ°p ]pdta "A_-lm-

ans‚ k¥Xn', "BZmans‚ k¥Xn' F∂o t]cpIfpw kaho-£W

kphntijßfn¬ hncfambn´p≠v. aØmbn «olm hwim-hen hnhc-

WØn¬°qSn (a-Øm. 1:2˛17) tbip A_lmans‚ aI≥ F∂p sXfn-

bn°bmWp sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.

blqZ ]›mØeap≈ InkvXob- k-`mwKßƒ°v FgpXp∂

aØm-bn, tbiphns\ A_lmay k¥Xn F∂p Nq≠n°mWn°p-

∂Xns‚ HuNnXyw a\ nem°mhp∂tXbp≈q. km¿heuInI

ho£Wap≈ eqt°mkv hwimhen hnhcn®psIm≠v tbip

"BZmans‚ k¥Xn' F∂p ImWn°p∂p (eq-t°m. 3:23˛33). AXmbXv

tbip \ΩpsS Aÿn-bn¬ \n-∂p≈ Aÿn-bpw, amwkØn¬ \n-∂p≈

amwk-hpamIp∂p. "BZmans‚ k¥Xn' F∂p≈ t]cp kphntijØn-

seßpw D]tbmKn®nńs√¶nepw BZmant\mSp≈ _‘w shfns∏-Sp-

Øp∂ ]e `mKßfpap≠v. tbiphns‚ ]tem`\ßƒ Xs∂ BZm-

ans‚ ]tem`\ßfpambn kmayap≈hbmWv.

kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ tbiphns\ hnhn[ t]cpIfn¬-

IqSn AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂Xp \mw I≠p. tbiphns\ F_mb

]›mØeØn¬ P\n® Hcp bYm¿∞ a\pjy\mbpw AtXkabw

ùanIamb i‡nbpw, A[nImchpw D≈ Hcph\mbpw, ]Xo£I-

93]Imi-Øn-te°v

fpsS F√mw ]q¿ØoIcWhpw, NcnXØns‚ hn[mXmhpw, bpKm¥y-

kw`hhpambn tbiphns\ Ah¿ a\ nem°n. Ahs‚ kz`mhw

hy‡amWv; tamNn°p∂h\pw kuJyam-°p-∂-h-\pw, hm°nepw ]hr-

Ønbnepw -i-‡nbp≈h\pamWv. AhnSp∂p ssZhcmPyw kapZvLm-

S\w sNbvXp. AXp Ir]bpsSbpw \ymbhn[nbpsSbpw kz`m-h-tØmSp

IqSnbXmIp∂p. AXp Zm\ambn XcnIbpw \tΩmSp NneXv Bhiy-

s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p.

tNmZy-ßƒ

1. "tbipInkvXp Bcv' F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v C∂sØ kaqlw \¬

Ip∂ DØ-c-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb DØcw

F¥mWv?

2. ssIkcy ^nen-]y-bn¬ h®p ]tXmkv G‰p-]-d-™-Xn\v (a-Øm.

16:16˛20) F¥p ]m[m\yw Iev]n-°Ww?

3. `mc-Xo-b¿°v InkvXp-hns\ Fßs\ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-Sp-°p-hm≥

\ap°p km[n°pw?

4. Cu A≤ym-bØn¬ sImSpØncn°p∂ hnhn[t]cp-Ifn¬ GXmWp

][m-\-sa∂p \nßƒ°p tXm∂p-∂Xv? ImcWw ]d-bpI.

]mTw 5

tbip-hns‚ A¤p-X]hrØnIƒ

tbiphns‚ ]c-ky-ipiqj-bn¬ hen-b ]¶v A¤pX]hrØnIƒ-

°p≠v A-h-bpsS ]m[m\yw tb-ip-hns‚ BfXzw shfn-s∏-Sp-

Øp-∂p ]-h-N\ ]q¿Øo-I-c-Ww -tb-ip-hns‚ ZuXyw shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂p A-¤p-X-ßƒ Fs¥√mw? A-¤p-X-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-

°-Wtam?

kphntijßfn¬ henb Hcp ÿm\w tbiphns‚ A¤pX-

]hrØnIƒ°p \¬Inbncn°p∂p. kaho£W kphntijßfn¬

A¤pX]hrØnIƒ (mighty works) F∂pw tbml∂ms‚ kphn-ti-

j-Øn¬ "AS-bm-fßƒ' (Signs) F∂p-amWp hnti-jn∏n®n-´p-≈Xv.

tbip-hns\ k -bpsS Bcw- -Imew apX¬ Ah-Xcn-∏n-®n- p≈Xv A¤p-

Xßƒ ]hr-Øn-°p-∂h≥ F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv.

94 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

F¥mWv A¤p-X-]-hrØn (miracle) F∂p hntijn-∏n-°p-∂Xv?

km[m-c-W-a-√mØ Hcp kw`hw: ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn kw -

hn-°p∂ H∂v; Aam-\p-jn-I-amb i‡n aqew Zriy-ambn kw`-hn-°p∂

Hcp ]hr-Øn ˛ CsX-√m-amWp \mw \¬Imdp≈ hni-Zo-I-cWw.

bp‡nbpw imkvX-hn-⁄m-\hpw A¤p-X-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Øm≥ ian-

°p∂p; ]e-Xn-s\bpw tNmZyw sNøm-\pw. A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-sfbpw

sX‰p-[m-c-WI-sfbpw Zqco-I-cn-°p-hm≥ H´p-h-fsc Ah klm-bn-®n-´p-

s≠-¶nepw, ]Ir-Xn-bn-ep≈ ]e ]Xn- m-k-ßfpw bp‡n-°pw, imkvX-

hn-⁄m-\Øn\pw A∏p-d-ambn C∂pw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. hnizm-k-Øns‚

IÆmSn-bn¬°qSn amXta Ahsb a\- n-em-°m≥ Ignbq.

tbip-hns‚ A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp∂ kXy-ßƒ

Fs¥√mw?

1. tbip-hns‚ Bf-Xz-Øn-te°v Ah hnc¬ Nq≠p∂p: X∂n-ep≈

ssZh-Xz-amWv Ahbv°p \nZm-\w. "]nXmhv F∂n¬ hkn-®p-sIm≠v

Xs‚ ]hrØn sNøp∂p' (tbm-l. 14:10). ssZh-]p-X-s\∂ \ne-bn¬

X\n-°p≈ A[n-Im-chpw i‡nbpw Zriy-am-°p-∂p. AtXkabw Ahn-

SpsØ ]q¿W a\p-jy-Xz-sØbpw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. ]nXm-hn-ep≈

Xs‚ ]cn-]q¿W hnizm-khpw, Bi-bhpw A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS

]nºn-ep≠v (tbm-l. 11:41). emk-dn-s\ Dbn¿∏n-°p-tºmƒ Ahn-SpsØ

hnizm-khpw, ]m¿∞-\bpw \ap°p ImWmw. a\p-jy-]p-Xs\-∂ -\ne-

bn¬ Ahn-Sp∂p ]I-S-am-°nb ]cn-]q¿W-hn-izm-kw, A\p-k-c-Ww,

Bibw Ch-sb√mw Ahn-SpsØ A¤p-X-ß-fn¬ \mw ImWWw.

Db-cØn¬\n∂p \ap°p klmbw Ab®pXcn-I-tbm, sIm≠p-Xcn-

Itbm amX-a√ sNbvXXv; ]ns∂tbm \ΩpsS a\p-jy-Xz-Øns‚ ]cn-

an-Xn-bn-te°v Cd-ßn-h∂v, kºq¿Æ-a-\p-jyXzw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm≠v

Xs‚ hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡n-sIm≠v A¤p-X-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-°-btX

sNbvXXv. tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Adn-hnepw Ahn-SpsØ Znhy-kvt\-

l-Ønepw \mw hf-cp-tºmƒ amXta Ahn-SpsØ A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-I-

sf-∏‰n \ap°p IqSp-X¬ Kln-°m≥ Ign-bq.

2. ]h-N-\-]q¿Øo-I-c-W-amWv: \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn blq-Z-P\w avio-

lm-bpsS BK-a-\-Øn-\mbn ImØn-cn-°-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ avio-

lm-bpsS Ime-sØ-°p-dn®p ap≥Iq´n Adn-bn-®p. A∂p Ipcp-S-∑m¿°p

ImgvN e`n°pw; _[n-c¿ tIƒ°p-am-dmIpw; apS-¥¿ am\n-s\-t∏mse

Xp≈n-®m-Spw, Dua¿ kt¥m-jm-[n-Iy-Øm¬ Io¿Øn°pw: ]Ir-Xnbn¬

Xs∂ ]e ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kw -hn°pw: kmØms‚ B[n-]-XyØn¬

95]Imi-Øn-te°v

\n∂p temIw hnap-‡-amIpw; CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ ]Xo-£-I-fmWv Ah¿-

°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv (sb-i-øm 26:18; 35:46; sbi-øm 11:6; 55:7; sbl-kvtI¬

34:11).

hcp-hm-\p≈ aviolm Ahn-Sp∂p Xs∂-bm-sW∂p shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-

∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p \k-td-Ønse Xs‚ ]kw-Kw. sbi. 61:1-˛3 hsc-bp≈

]h-N\w hmbn-®p-sIm≠v, "C∂v Cu Xncp-sh-gp-Øn\p \nh¿Øn h∂n-

cn-°p∂p' F∂p ]kvXm-hn®p (eq-t°m. 4:21). tbml-∂m≥ kv\m]I≥-

c≠p injy-∑msc tbip-hns‚ ASp-°¬ Ab-®p-sIm-≠v, "hcp-hm-\p-

≈-h≥ \o Xs∂tbm' F∂p tNmZn-°p-tºmƒ, "Ipcp-S¿ ImWp∂p;

apS-¥¿ \S-°p∂p; IpjvT-tcm-Kn-Iƒ ip≤-cm-bnØo-cp-∂p, sNIn-S¿ tIƒ-

°p∂p; acn-®-h¿ Dbn¿°p-∂p. Zcn-Z-tcmSp kphn-tijw Adn-bn-°p∂p

F∂n-ßs\ \nßƒ tIƒ°p-Ibpw ImWp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xp tbml-

∂ms\ Adn-bn-∏n≥' (a-Øm. 11:4-˛5) F∂mWp adp-]Sn \¬In-b-Xv.

3. ssZh-cmPyw kam-K-X-ambn F∂p sXfn-bn-°p∂p: tbip-hns‚

ktµiw "ssZh-cmPyw kam-K-X-am-bn-cn-°p∂p' F∂m-bn-cp-∂-t√m.

AXns‚ sXfn-hmWv Ahn-Sp∂p sNbvX A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ. Ahn-

SpsØ ktµ-i-Øns‚ A\p-_-‘-am-bn- -√, Ahn- m-Py-L-S-I-am-bn- mWv

Ahsb ImtW≠-Xv. kz¿W-\m-hp-Im-c-\mb am¿ Cuhm-\n-tbmkv

CtX∏‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv "tbip Xs‚ D]-tZ-i-ßƒsIm≠v am¿K-sam-cp-

°p-Ibpw, XpS¿∂p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒs°m≠v Ahsb ÿnco-I-cn-

°bpw sNbvXp' F∂-tX.

]co-i-∑m-tcm-Sp≈ Ahn-SpsØ adp-]-Sn-bn¬ ]d-bp∂p "ssZhm-flm-

hn-\m¬ Rm≥ qX-ßsf ]pd-Øm-°p∂p F¶ntem ssZh-cmPyw \nß-

fpsS ASp-°¬ hs∂-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p kv]jvSw' (a-Øm. 12:28; eqt°m.

11:20). kmØm-s\-Xn-cm-bp≈ ]Xn-tcm[w Bcw-`n®p F∂pw Ahs‚

]cm-Pbw kp\n-›n-X-am-sW∂pw A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°p∂p.

Fgp-]-Xp-in-jy-∑m¿ Xncn-s®Øn Ah¿°p `qX-ßsf ]pd-Øm-°m≥

Ign-™p-sh∂p kt¥m-j-]q¿∆w ]kvXm-hn-°p-tºmƒ I¿Ømhp ]d-

™-Xv, "kmØm≥ an∂¬t]mse BIm-i-Øp-\n∂p hogp-∂Xp Rm≥

I≠p' (eq-t°m.10:17) F∂m-Wv. "_e-hms\ ]nSn®p _‘n® tijw

Ahs‚ hoSp Ih¿® sNbvhm≥ h∂n-cn-°p∂ _e-ta-dn-b-h≥' tbip-

X-s∂-sb∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (a-Øm. 12:29).

A¤p-X-ßsf tIhew B›-cy-]-hr-Øn-I-fmbn Im◊m-\√

]XypX, ssZh-cm-Pym-K-a-\-Øns‚ "AS-bm-f-ambpw' sXfn-hmbpw

Kln°m-\tX. tbml-∂ms‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂

96 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

"AS-bmfw' F∂ hm°mWv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. ssZh-cm-Py-Øns‚

clkyw a\- n-em-°n-bn-´p-≈-h¿°p amXta A¤p-X-ßsf icn-bmb

A¿∞-Øn¬ Kln-∏m≥ Ign-bq.

a\p-jy-cpsS Pn⁄mk ian-∏n-°p-hm-t\m, Ah-cn¬ B›-cy-ap-f-

hm-°mt\m tbip Hcn-°epw A¤pXw ]h¿Øn-®n-´n-√. ]co-i-∑mcpw

kZq-Iycpw tbip-hns\ kao-]n®v "BIm-i-Øp-\n∂v AS-bmfw ImWn-

∏m≥' Bh-iy-s∏- -t∏mƒ Ahn-Sp∂v AXp \nc-kn-®p. "hI-Xbpw tIm -

hp-ap≈ Xe-apd AS-bmfw At\z-jn-°p∂p' F∂p adp-]Sn \¬In

(aØm. 12:39; a¿t°m. 8:11˛12). Ahn-Sp∂p sNbvX A¤p-X-]-hr-Øn-

Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ kvt\l-Øn-te°pw Imcp-Wy-Øn-te°pw hnc¬

Nq≠p-∂-Xpw, hnizm-k-Øn-te°p \bn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

A¤p-X-ßƒ GsX√mw Xc-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂p?

][m-\-ambn aq∂p Xc-Øn-ep-≈h F∂p ImWmw.

(1) kpJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h. Cu KW-Øn¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kuJy-

Zm\w ImWmw.

(a) qX-_m-[-bn¬ \n∂v k-a-ho-£W kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ amXta

`qtXm-®m-S\w ImWp-∂p-≈p. qX-_m-[-sb∂p hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂h

]eXpw C∂p am\-kn-I-tcm-K-Øns‚ hI-t`-Z-ß-fmbn hni-I-e\w

sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. A°m-eØv kI-e-tcm-K-ßfpw qXm-th-i-Ømse∂p

k¶-ev]n-®n-cp-∂p. a\-xim-kvXhpw sshZy-im-kvXhpw hf¿® ]m]n-

®-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu [mc-Wbv°p am‰w h∂n- p-≠v. F¶nepw

ss]im-NnI i‡n-Isf \ntj-[n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bm-X-hÆw Hcp bmYm¿-

∞y-sa∂p kΩ-Xnt® aXn-bm-hq. tbip-hn\p Ah-bp-sS-ta¬ i‡nbp-

s≠-∂mWp \mw hn-iz-kn-t°-≠-Xv.

(b) Ip‰t_m-[-Øn¬\n-∂pw, B¥-cnI kwL¿j-Øn¬\n∂pw Df-

hm-Ip∂ tcmK-Øn¬\n∂v ˛ imco-cn-I-amb ]e tcmK-ß-fp-tSbpw

ImcWw am\-kn-Ihpw; Bfln-I-hp-amb LS-I-ßƒ Bbn-cn-°pw. am\-

kn-I-kw-L¿j-hpw, Ip‰-t_m-[hpw ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ tcmK-ßsf Df-

hm-°p-∂p. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h-scbpw I¿Ømhp kuJy-am-°p-∂p. Xf¿hm-

X-tcm-Kn-tbmSp tbip ]d™ hm°p-Iƒ CXp kv]jvS-am-°p-∂-X-tX.

"aI-t\, \ns‚ ]m]-ßƒ tamNn-®n-cn-°p∂p' (a¿t°m. 2:5). Ahs‚

imco-cnI kuJyw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\p aptº ]m]-tam-N\w aqew Bfln-

I-hpw, am\-kn-I-hp-amb kuJyw Ah≥ ]m]n-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p.

sskt°m- ˛ skm-am-‰nIv NnIn-’m-]-≤-Xn-bn¬ am\-kn-I-hpw, B¥-cn-

97]Imi-Øn-te°v

I-hp-amb LS-I-ßƒ°v A¿ln-°p∂ ]m[m\yw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v.

(c) km[mc-W-am-b, imco-cn-I-tcm-K-ß-fn¬\n∂v ˛ F√m Xc-Øn-

ep≈ tcmKn-I-sfbpw tbip-hns‚ ASp-°¬ sIm≠p-h∂p; Ah≥

Ahsc kuJy-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ahn-Sp∂p h∂Xv F√m-Øcw

hym[n-I-sfbpw \o°w sNøm-\-tX. Ipcp-S¿°p ImgvN \¬In: IpjvT-

tcm-Knsb kuJy-am°n; Iq\p-≈-hƒ°p kzÿX \¬In.

(2) AtN-X\ hkvXp-°-fp-sS-ta¬ \S-Øn-bn-´p≈ A¤p-X-ßƒ

]Ir-Xn-h-kvXp-°-fp-sS-ta¬ \S-Øn-bn- p≈ A¤p-X-ßƒ ]e-Xp≠v.

IS-en-t∑¬ \S-°p-∂-Xv, Hmf-ßsf im¥-am-°p-∂-Xv, sh≈w

ho™m°n cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv, A∏w h¿≤n-∏n®p ]pcp-jm-csØ

kwXr-]vX-cm-°p-∂-Xv, a\p-jy-tem-I-Øn¬ amX-a-√, ]Ir-Xn-bp-sS-taepw

ssZh-Øn\v A[n-Im-chpw I¿Ør-Xz-hp-ap-s≠∂p Ch- aqew sXfn-

bp∂p. ]]-©sØ krjvSn-®-tijw hnZq-c-\mbn amdn-\n-ev°pI-b-√,

AXn¬ Ft∏mgpw Xm≥ hym]-cn-°p-Ibpw \nb-¥n®p \bn-°pIbpw

sNøp-∂p. ]]©w apgp-h≥ cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-®v, "]pXnb BIm-i-hpw-

]p-Xnb `qanbpw' Df-hm-Ip∂ bpKm¥y ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-te°p \ΩpsS

i≤ BI¿jn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p (tdmam. 8:21 t\m°pI).

(3) acn-®-hsc Dbn¿∏n-°p-∂Xv.

aq∂p kw`-h-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. (a) bmbotdm-kns‚

aIsf Dbn¿∏n-°p-∂Xv (a¿t°m. 5:22). (b) \bo≥ ]´-W-Ønse hn[-

h-bpsS aI≥ (eq-t°m. 7:11). (c) t_Ym\y-bnse emk¿ (tbm-l.11).

Cu A¤p-X-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv "tbip-InkvXp ]p\-cp-∞m-

\hpw Poh\pw BIp∂p' F∂m-Wv. ]m]w aqew acWw temI-Øn-

te°p IS-∂p-h∂p. tbip-InkvXp h∂Xp ]m]sØ \o°w sNøp-

hm\pw ac-W-Øn¬\n∂p a\p-jy-h¿§sØ D≤-cn-°p-hm-\p-a-tX. Ah-

km-\sØ iXp-hmb a-c-W-sØbpw (1- sIm-cn. 15:26) \o°w sNbvXp

\nXy-Po-hs‚ A\p-`-h-Øn-te°p \sΩ sIm≠p-h-cn-I-bmWp sNbvX-

Xv.

"]pXn-b-krjvSn' F¥m-bn-cn°pw F∂-Xn-te°p \ΩpsS [mc-Wsb

Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-∂p. acWw Hcn-°epw hmgmØ kz¿K-cm-Pym-\p-`-h-Øn-te-

°mWp \Ωƒ hnfn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \mw Aa¿Xy-Xsb [cn-®p-

sIm≠p tXP-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´-h-cmbn Ahs‚ cmPy-Øn¬ \nXy-X-bn¬

hmgp-sa-∂-Xns‚ ap≥Ip-dnbmWp Cu A¤p-X-ßƒ.

98 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

A¤p-X-ßƒ hniz-k-\o-btam?

B[p-\nI a\p-jy≥ A¤p-X-ßsf tNmZyw sNøp-∂p. ]IrXn \nb-

aßsf AXn-ew-Ln-°p-∂-XmWv A¤p-X-ßƒ. AXn-\m¬ Ah km[y-

a-√. CXn\p adp-]Sn AK-kvXo-t\m-kns‚ hm°p-I-f-tX. "A¤p-X-ßƒ

]Ir-Xn°p hncp-≤-a-√, ]ns∂tbm Adn-b-s∏´ ]IrXn\nb-a-ßƒ°p

\nc-°m-Ø-sX∂p amXw' (Miracles are not contrary to nature, but to whatis known of nature). ]IrXnsb∏-‰n-bp≈ \ΩpsS Adnhv C∂pw FX

]cn-an-X-am-sW-t∂m¿°-Ww. 18- mw \q‰m-≠n¬ ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ F∂p

Icp-Xn-b-hsb Cu \q‰m-≠n¬ adn-IS∂n´p≈ kw`-h-ßƒ ]e-Xp-≠v.

tbip-hns‚ A¤p-X-ßƒ hne-bn-cp-tØ-≠Xv Ahn-SpsØ kz`m-

hhpw Bf-Xzhpw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p- th-Ww. Ahn-SpsØ∏‰n-

bp≈ \ΩpsS ASn-ÿm-\-hn-izm-k-sa-¥mWv? AXns\ Bi-bn-®mWv

Ahn-SpsØ A¤p-X-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv. tbip a\p-

jy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ ssZh-]p-X-s\∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, X\n-°p-

Xp-ey-\mbn a‰mscbpw Nq≠n-°m-Wn-∏m-\n-√mØ hy‡n-Xz-am-bn-cp∂p

Xt‚-sX-¶n¬, Ahn-Sp∂p sNbvX A¤p-X-ßƒ Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-ß-f√.

G‰w henb A¤p-X-amb "a\pjymhXmcw' (Incarnation) hnizkn°m-

sa¶n¬ AhnSp∂p sNbvX ]hrØnIƒ hnizkn°phm≥ ]bmkap-

≠mhpIbn√.

tNmZyßƒ

1. tbiphns‚ A¤pX]hrØnIƒ°p≈ ]m[m\yw F¥v?

2. A¤pX]hrØnIsf Fßs\ XcwXncn°mw?

3. tbiphns‚ A¤pXßƒ F¥psIm≠v hnizk\obßfm

Ip∂p?

4. tbip AØnsb i]n® kw`hw Fßs\ hniZoIcn°m≥ Ignbpw?

99]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 6

]p\cp∞m\w: G‰w henb A¤pXw

]p\cp∞m\w AXns‚ bmYm¿∞yw Db¿Øp∂ kwibßƒ

AhbpsS adp]Sn F¥psIm≠v hnizkn°mw? ]p\cp∞m\-

icocw

Ign™ ]T\Øn¬ tbiphns‚ A¤pXßfmbncp∂p Nn¥m-

hnjbw. Ahtb°mƒ G‰hpw henb A¤pXsØ°pdn®mWv

Ct∏mƒ \mw Nn¥n°p∂Xv InkvXphns‚ ]p\cp∞m\w. k`bpsS

ASnÿm\w ]p\cp∞m\Ønep≈ hnizmkamWv. A∏kvtXme ]kw-

KØn¬ ap¥n\n∂ hnjbw AXpXs∂. ]pXnb\nbaØns‚ Hmtcm

`mKØpw Xkn®p\n¬°p∂ henb kXyw ]p\cp∞m\amIp∂p.

]utemkv ]dbp∂p, "InkvXp Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰n´n√ F¶n¬ Rß-

fpsS ]kwKw hy¿∞w. \nßfpsS hnizmkhpw hy¿∞w' (1 sImcn.

15:14).

acn®h¿ ]ecpw Pohn∏n°s∏´Xmbn thZ]pkvXIØn¬ hmbn-

°p∂p. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ emk¿, \mbo≥ ]´WØnse hn[hm-

]pX≥, bmbotdmkns‚ aIƒ F∂nh¿ A]Imcw Dbn¿∏n°s∏-

´hcmWv. F∂m¬ InkvXphns‚ ]p\cp∞m\w AXn¬\n∂p hyXy-

kvXamWv. ta¬]d™hscms° ho≠pw acn®p aÆSn™hcmbn-

Øo¿∂p. tbiphmIs´ cq]m¥cw ]m]n®v, alXzoIcn°s∏SpI-

bmWp sNbvXXv. a\pjyNcnXØnse \nkvXpe kw`hamWXv. AXp-

sIm≠pXs∂ AXp k`bpsS henb AhImihmZambnØo¿∂p.

AtXmsSm∏w FXncmfnIfpsS henb BIaW hnjbhpw.

]p\cp∞m\w, Ft∏mƒ, Fßs\ \S∂p F∂Xns\∏‰n kphnti-

jßƒ hnhcn°p∂n√. Bsc¶nepw AXn\p ZrIvkm£n Bbncp∂p

F∂pw ]dbp∂n√. B kabØv, "Hcp henb qIºw D≠mbn' (aØm.

28:2) F∂pw, I_dns\ kq£n® ]SbmfnIƒ bNInXcmbn F∂pw

amXw tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≠v. Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ InkvXphns\ At\I¿

I≠p F∂p≈XmWv A\ntj[yamb hkvXpX. InkvXphns‚ icocw

AXnen√msX I√d iq\yambn´mWv AhnsSsbØnbh¿ I≠Xv.

]p\cp∞m\ bmYm¿∞yw Bcw`wapX¬ Xs∂ tNmZyw sNbvX

]ecp≠mbncp∂p. Ah¿°p≈ adp]Sn F∂ \nebnemWp ]pXnb-

\nbaØn¬ ImWp∂ ]e hnhcWßfpw. a‰mcpw I≠n√. injy∑m¿

amXta I≠p≈p F∂ hna¿i\Øn\p adp]SnbmWp ]tXmkv \¬-

100 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Ip∂Xv. "kIe P\Øn\pa√, ssZhw ap≥Iq´n \nban® km£nI-

fmbn, Ah≥ acn®hcn¬\n∂v Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰ tijw Aht\mSp-

IqSn Xn∂p IpSn®hcmb Rßƒ°pXt∂, ]Xy£\m°nØ∂p' (A.

]. 10:41). A∏kvtXme∑m¿ arXicocw tamjvSn®psIm≠pt]mbn

F∂p≈ hna¿i\Øn\pw adp]Sn aØmbn «olm \¬Ip∂Xmbn

ImWmw (aØm. 23:13cf.; 27:64). I_dn¶¬ ]SbmfnIsf Imh¬ \ndp-

Ønb Imcyw ]dbp∂p. Dbn¿∏ns‚ bmYm¿∞yw kwibteisat\y

ÿnXoIcn°phm\mWv tbip £Ww Ign®Xmbpw ssIIfpw hnem-

∏pdhpw ImWn®Xmbpw tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xv.

]p\cp∞m\w F¥psIm≠p hnizkn°Ww

tbiphns‚ PohnXw IqipacWtØmSp IqSn Ahkm\ns®¶n¬

AsXmcp ZmcpW ]cmPbamIpambncp∂p. \n¿t±mjnbmb Hcph≥

\njvTqcambn sIme sNøs∏´psh∂p amXw. \oXnbpw kXyhpw,

\∑bpw AhnsS ]cmPbaSbpIbmbncp∂p; \√h\pw, kXyhm\pamb

ssZhw \njvImknX\mbnØocpIbpw. F∂m¬ kphntijw km£n-

°p∂Xv "A‘Imcw ]ImisØ ]nSn®S°nbn√' F∂mWv (tbml.

1:4). InkvXp Pbmfnbmbn acWsØ ]cmPbs∏SpØn D∞m\w

sNbvXp.

1. hnizk\obamb km£yap≠v

]p\cp∞m\sØ kw_‘n®v G‰w ]pcmX\amb tcJ hn. ]utem-

knt‚XmWv (1 sImcn. 15:3˛20). "Fs∂ `cta¬∏n® ]ca][m\amb

Imcyw Rm≥ \nßsf G¬∏n®p. B ktµiw CXmWv, thZenJnX-

ßfn¬ ImWp∂Xpt]mse InkvXp \ΩpsS ]m]ßƒ°pth≠n

acn°pIbpw kwkvIcn°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp. thZenJnXßfn¬

ImWp∂Xpt]mse Xs∂ aq∂mw \mƒ Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬°pIbpw

sNbvXp. ]tXmkn\pw, ]n∂oSp ]¥≠v A∏kvtXme∑m¿°pw

]Xy£\mbn; A\¥cw AhnSpsØ A\pbmbnIfmb A™qdn¬-

∏cw BfpIƒ Hcpan®pIqSnbncn°ptºmƒ Ah¿°pw ]Xy£\mbn

G‰hpw HSphn¬ AImePmXs\t∏msebp≈ F\n°pw AhnSp∂p

]Xy£s∏´p.'

Cu mKw i≤m]q¿∆w ]cntim[n®m¬, \nehnencp∂ Hcp hnizm-

k]amWw A∏kvtXme≥ D≤cn°pIbmbncp∂p F∂p t_m[y-

amIpw. ]_eamb B ]mcºcyw k`bnte°p ]cnh¿Ø\w sNbvX-

hsc F√mw ]Tn∏n®ncp∂p. AhnsS FSpØp ]dbp∂ Imcyw D∞n-

\mb InkvXp At\I¿°v ]Xy£\mbn F∂mWv. Ah¿ ]eXc-

101]Imi-Øn-te°v

Øn¬s∏´hcmWv. Ahcn¬ ]ecpw km£yw hln∏m≥ X°hÆw

A∂pw Pohn°p∂hcmWv. Ahsc√mw Xs∂ ojWnIsf hIshbv-

°msX ss[cy]q¿∆w Dbn¿∏ns\ km£oIcn®p. ]tXmkv, kvtX∏m-

t\mkv, ]utemkv F∂nhcpsS ]kwKßfn¬ ][m-\-ambn Du∂n-

∏dbp∂ Imcyw ]p\cp∞m\amWv. "Rßƒ tI´Xpw kz¥ IÆp

sIm≠p I≠Xpw, Rßƒ t\m°nbXpw, RßfpsS ssI sXm´pt\m-

°nbXpamb' Pohs‚ hN\amWv A∏kvtXme∑m¿ km£n®Xv.

k∂Znw kwLØns‚ apºmsI ss[cy]q¿∆w ]tXmkv ]kvXm-

hn®p. "Poh\mbIs\ \nßƒ sIm∂pIf™p. Ahs\ acn®hcn¬

\n∂v ssZhw Fgpt∂¬∏n®p; AXn\p Rßƒ km£nIƒ BIp∂p'

(A. ]. 3:15).

2. Hgn™ I√dbpw, AhnSpsØ icocsØ Np‰nb

XpWnbpw

ta¬ ]kvXmhn® ]utemkns‚ ]cma¿iØn¬ Hgn™ I√d

(Empty Tomb) sb∏‰n H∂pw ]d™nń√mØXn\m¬ BZyIme ]mc-

ºcyØn¬ Hgn™ I√dsb∏‰nbp≈ hnizmkw ÿm\w ]nSn®ncp-

∂n√ F∂p Nne¿ Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p. AXp icnb√. aq∂p kphnti-

jßfpw AtX∏‰n ]dbp∂p (a¿t°m. 16:4˛5; eqt°m. 24:2˛3; tbml.

20: 5˛8).

]tXmkpw tbml∂m\pw I√dbnte°v HmSn AIØp ]thin®p.

Ah¿ "ioeIƒ InS°p∂Xpw, Ahs‚ Xebn¬ Np‰nbncp∂ dqam¬

ioeItfmSpIqsS InS°msX thdn´v HcnSØp Npcpńh®ncn°p∂Xpw

I≠p' (tbml. 20:7). Hgn™ I√dbpw, arXicocØn¬ s]mXn™

XpWnbpw I≠n´v "hnizkn®p' F∂mWp tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xv.

icocw Bcpw FSpØpsIm≠pt]mbX√ F∂pw, XpWn°p≈n¬\n∂p

as‰mchÿbnte°p icocw cq]m¥cs∏SpIbmWp sNbvXsX∂pw

Ah¿°p t_m[yambn.

3. RmbdmgvN BNcWw

A∏kvtXme∑mcpw BZnainjy∑mcpw blqZaXØn¬ ASnbpd-

®hcmbncp∂p. im_XmNcWØn¬ hfsc \njvTbp≈ Hcp ]mcº-

cyamWv AhcptSXv. AXp hnń v BgvNh´Øns‚ H∂mw \mƒ "I¿Ør

Znhkambpw' Bcm[\bv°p≈ Znhkambpw BNcn°m≥ XpSßnbXv

\n›ambpw Dbn¿∏nep≈ hnizmkw aqeamWv. A∏kvtXmenI

kaqlw RmbdmgvN BNcn®ncp∂p F∂Xn\p hy‡amb sXfnhp≠v.

102 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

"BgvNh´Øns‚ H∂mw \mƒ (RmbdmgvN) A∏w \pdp°phm≥ H∂n-

®pIqSnbt∏mƒ' (A. ]. 20:7) F∂p ImWmw. D∞nX\mb I¿Ømhp

injy∑m¿°p ]Xy£\mbXv Ah¿ Dbn¿∏ns‚ F´mw Znhkw Hcp-

an®pIqSn Ccn°ptºmgmWv (tbml. 20:26; 1 sImcn. 16:2; shfn. 1:10

ImWpI). Dbn¿∏v Hcp bmYm¿∞ya√mbncps∂¶n¬ RmbdmgvN

Znhkw Bcm[\bv°p≈ Znhkambn am‰pambncp∂n√.

4. k`bpsS D¤hw

G‰hpw henb sXfnhp InkvXob k`bpsS D¤hhpw \ne-

\nev]pamWv. I¿Ømhns‚ IqipacWw injy∑msc `·micm°n.

Ahsc√mw bNInXcmbn ]emb\w sNbvXp. AhcpsS ]Xo£Ifpw

hnizmkßfpsa√mw aÆSn™p. F∂m¬ Ahsc ho≠pw Hcpan®p

tN¿ØXpw Hcp ]pXnb kaqlambn \nesIm≈m≥ t]cn∏n®Xpw

]p\cp∞m\ bmYm¿∞yamWv. ]oU\hpw kΩ¿±ßfpw ojWnIfpw

F√mw D≠mbn´pw Ah¿ ss[cy]q¿∆w \nesIm≠p. AhcpsS

hnizmkhpw Dd∏pw kaqlØn¬ ]Iº\w sIm≈n°Ø°Xmbn-

cp∂p. "Ch¿ temIsØ Iogvta¬ adn°p∂hsc∂p' a‰p≈h¿

km£n∏m≥ X°hÆw AhcpsS ss[cyhpw hnizmkhpw AX

i‡ambncp∂p. AXn\p≈ ImcWw, Pohn°p∂ InkvXphn¬

hnizkn®p F∂p≈XmWv.

5. ]pXnb\nbaØns‚ D¤hw

Iqin¬ acWaS™ Hcp c‡km£n amXambncp∂p tbipsh-

¶n¬ tbiphns\ kw_‘n®p≈ Cu tcJIƒ tImUoIcn°m≥

Bcpw Xp\nbpambncp∂n√. Dbn¿sØgpt∂‰p Pohn°p∂ InkvXphn-

ep≈ hnizmkamWp ]pXnb\nba FgpØpImsc kzm[o\n®n´p≈Xv.

sU∂n ]dbp∂Xv: "]pXnb\nbaØn\v AXpw CXpa√ ASnÿm\w;

Hgn™ I√dsb∏‰nbp≈ IYbpa√; bdpiteanepw Keoebnepw

tbip ]Xy£s∏´ hkvXpXbpa√ (]p\cp∞m\Øns‚ ]mYanI

sXfnhv AXmWv). ]ns∂tbm ]pXnb\nbaw Xs∂bmWv G‰hpw

henb sXfnhv. BZntbmS¥w AXn¬ Xkn®p\n¬°p∂ Poh≥,

AXns‚ t]PpIƒ \mw hmbn°ptºmƒ \sΩ B›cyw sIm≠p

\ndbv°p∂ B Poh≥ Xs∂bmWv D∞nX\mb c£I≥ \Ωn¬

]I¿∂ncn°p∂Xv.'

]p\cp∞m\Øns‚ A¿∞hpw ]k‡nbpw

tbiphns‚ ssZhXzw sXfnbn°p∂Xn\p≈ Hcp apJm¥cambn

103]Imi-Øn-te°v

amXa√ ]p\cp∞m\sØ ho£nt°≠Xv. AXp \ΩpsS c£m cl-

kyamWv. \ΩpsS c£sb∏‰n Nn¥n°ptºmƒ tbiphns‚ acW-

Øm¬ \ap°p hntamN\hpw c£bpw D≠mbn F∂p ]dbmdp≠v,

Dbn¿∏ns\ ]‰n ]cma¿in°msX AXp sX‰mWv. acWhpw Dbn¿∏pw

c≠p kw`hßfmsW¶nepw Htc c£m]hrØnbmWv. acWØn-

\mepw Dbn¿∏n\mepw AtX \ap°p Poh\pw c£bpw e`yambXv.

Hcp \mWbØns‚ c≠phiw t]mse Ah Ahn`mPyamWv. acWhpw

Dbn¿∏pw Hcpan®p amXta Nn¥n°m≥ Ignbq. I¿Ømhv Ft∏mgpw

Aßs\bmWp ]kvXmhn®n´p≈Xv.

]p\cp∞m\w aqeamWv tbip bYm¿∞Øn¬ aviolm Xs∂-

sb∂v A∏kvtXme∑m¿ hnizmkØn¬ ÿncoIcn°s∏´Xv. "acn®n v

Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬°pIbm¬ hnip≤nbpsS Bflmhp kw_‘n®p

ssZh]pX≥ F∂p i‡ntbmsS \n¿Æbn°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp'

(tdma. 1:5). ]p\cp∞m\w H‰s∏´ Hcp kw`ha√. hnizmknIƒ°v

AXpaqew InkvXphnt\mSp sFIys∏Sphm\pw ]p\cp∞m\ Poh≥

A\p`hn°m\pw kwKXn hcp∂ bmYm¿∞yamWv.

tNmZyßƒ

1. ]p\cp∞m\sØ Jfin°p∂ Nne hmZßƒ bp‡nhmZnIfpw

a‰pw Db¿Øp∂p. Ahbvs°ßs\ adp]Sn \¬Imw?

2. ]uckvXyk`Iƒ Dbn¿∏p s]cp∂mfn\p henb ]m[m\yw I¬

∏n°p∂p. ImcWßƒ I≠p]nSn°pI?

3. Dbn¿∏ns‚ ImXemb ktµisa¥v? C∂sØ kaqlØn¬

AXn\v FXamXw ]k‡nbp≠v.

104 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

bqWn‰v 4

tbml∂ms‚ kphntijw

]mTw 1

kphntijI\pw ]›mØehpw

kphntijØns‚ KŸImc≥ _mlyhpw B¥cnIhpamb sXfn-

hpIƒ \nKa\w c≠p ]›mØeßƒ blqZ ]›mØehpw

bh\ ]›mØehpw

kaho£W kphntijßƒ ]Tn®tijw hn. tbml∂ms‚ kphn-

tijØnte°p \mw IS°ptºmƒ Hcp ]pXnb A\p`hamWp≠m-

hpI. ]Ya ZrjvSnbn¬ hfsc efnXsa∂p tXm∂msa¶nepw hfsc

]uVhpw Kl\hpamb BibßfmWp CXn¬ A\mhcWw sNbvXn-

´p≈Xv. ]pXnb\nba ]pkvXIßfn¬ tbipInkvXphns\ kw_-

‘n®v CXbpw ]Zo]vXamb Nn¥ as‰m∂nepan√. `mcXob Zm¿i\n-

I¿ G‰hpw hneaXn°p∂Xpw, Ah¿ A[nIambn D≤cn°p∂Xpw

Cu kphntijØn¬ \n∂mWv. kaho£W kphntijßfn¬

\n∂p ]e hn[Ønepw CXp hyXymks∏´ncn°p∂p. Cu hyXymkw

]mcw`Imew apX¬ Xs∂ kphntij ]TnXm°sf BI¿jn®n´p-

≈XmWv.

BcmWp KŸImc≥? ]mcºcyambn hnizkn®pt]mcp∂Xp sk_-

Zn]pX\pw tbiphns‚ ]¥≠p injy∑mcn¬ Hcph\pamb tbml-

∂m≥ BsW∂tX. ]pcmX\ injy∑mcpsS km£yw Cu hn[Øn-

emWv. kvap¿Wmbnse _nj∏pw, A∏kvtXme injy\pamb t]mfn-

°¿t∏mkv (F. Un. 60˛155) tcJs∏SpØnbn´p≈Xv CXv tbml∂ms‚

IrXnsb∂mWv. sFtd\nbkv (F. Un. 180) FgpXp∂p: "I¿Ømhns‚

am¿hn¬ Nmcnbncp∂h\mb tbml∂m≥ F∂ injy\mWv CsXgp-

XnbXv.' At¥ymJymbnse sXtbm^ntemkv (F. Un. 180), AeIvkm-

≠nbmbnse s¢a‚ v (150˛215), HmdnK≥ (186˛254), sX¿Øpey≥

(160˛240), Ptdmw (342˛419) Chsc√mw CtX km£yamWp \¬Inbn-

´p≈Xv.

B¥cnIamb sXfnhpIƒ

kphntijØn\p≈n¬ Xs∂ kzoImcyamb ]e sXfnhpIfp≠v.

105]Imi-Øn-te°v

1. tbml. 21:24. FgpØpImc≥ AhImis∏Sp∂p: "Cu injy≥

CXns\°pdn®p km£yw ]dbp∂h\pw, CXp FgpXnbh\pw,

BIp∂p. Ahs‚ km£yw kXysa∂p Rßƒ Adnbp∂p.'

2. FgpØpImc≥ blqZ aXm\pjvTm\ßfpw ]mcºcyßfpw d_n-

amcpsS hymJym\ßfpw F√mw ]cnNbap≈ hy‡nbmWv (5:10; 7:22

f, 51; 8:17 Ch ImWpI). amXa√ `mjmssienbpw skan‰nIv ]›m-

Øew shfns∏SpØp∂p.

3. ]ekvXos‚ qanimkvXhpw, AhnSpsØ ÿeßsf°pdn®p≈

Adnhpw, FgpØpImc≥ AhnsS P\n®phf¿∂ Hcp hy‡nbmsW∂p

ImWn°p∂p.

4. kaho£W kphntijßfnse Nne hnhcWßƒ Cu Fgp-

ØpImc≥ XncpØp∂Xmbn ImWmw. DZmlcWambn, I¿Ømhp

injy∑mcpambn AØmgw Ign®Xp blqZ∑mcpsS s]klmbpsS

XtecmXnbnembncp∂p F∂v CXn¬ XncpØp∂p. AtX∏‰n t\cn´p

t_m[yap≈Xn\membncn°Ww C]Imcw sNøp∂Xv.

5. "I¿Ømhp kvt\ln® injy≥' F∂v CXn¬ hntijn∏n®n´p≈

hy‡n Xs∂bmWp CXns‚ FgpØpImc≥. AXp tbml∂m≥

BIp∂p. tbml. 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7; 21:20 Cu `mKßfnemWp

I¿Ømhp kvt\ln® injys\∏‰n ]cma¿in°p∂Xv.

a‰v A∏kvtXme∑msc∏‰n ]cma¿iaps≠¶nepw tbml∂ms‚

t]cp a\x]q¿∆w ]kvXmhn°mXncn°p∂p. AXv tbml∂m≥ Xs∂

FgpØpImc\mbXp sIm≠mhmw. kv\m]Is\∏‰n ]dbptºmƒ ka-

ho£W kphntijßfn¬ "tbml∂m≥ kv\m]I≥' F∂p hnti-

jn∏n°p∂p. AXp tbml∂m≥ F∂p I¿Ørinjy\n¬ \n∂p am‰n-

°mWn°m\mWv. F∂m¬ \memw kphntijØn¬ "kv\m]I≥'

F∂ hntijWw IqSmsXbmWv. ImcWw FgpØpImc≥ tbml-

∂m≥ Xs∂ BbXpsIm≠mbncn°mw.

ta¬∏d™ sXfnhpIsfsb√mw AhKWn®psIm≠v CXns‚

FgpØpImc≥ sk_Zn ]pX\mb tbml∂m\√ F∂p hmZn°p∂-

hcp≠v. D≈S°Øns‚ kz`mhw ]cntim[n®n´v Ah¿ Nq≠n°mWn-

°p∂Xv: CXnse Bibßƒ tbml∂ms‚ ImetØXmbncn°m\nS-

bn√, ⁄m\hmZØns‚ D]tZißsf CXn¬ Jfin°p∂XpsIm≠v

c≠mw \q‰m≠n¬ amXw cNn°s∏´XmWv. bh\aXtØmSpw, XØz-

Nn¥tbmSpap≈ ASp∏w CXn¬ ImWp∂p. AXp tbml∂m\p km[y-

106 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

a√t√m F∂pw hmZn°p∂p. amXa√ tbml∂ms‚ IrXn F∂p

t_m[yap≠mbncps∂¶n¬ F¥psIm≠mWv BZnak`bn¬ CXn\p

henb AwKoIcWw In´mXncp∂Xv. AXn\p≈ adp]Sn, ⁄m\hmZn-

Ifmb thZhn]coXnIƒ°v Cu kphntijw hfsc ]nb¶cambn

FSp°pIbm¬ BZnak` A¬]w IcpX¬ FSpØp Ft∂bp≈p.

⁄m\hmZw H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ Xs∂ AXns‚ Bcw`w Ipdn®n-

´p≠v. sImtemky teJ\Øn¬ ]utemkv AXns\ Jfin°p∂-

Xmbn ImWmw. bh\ aXØnse Bibßƒ ]ekvXo\n¬ kzm[o\w

sNepØnbncp∂p F∂p Ipavdm≥ NpcpfpIƒ km£n°p∂p≠v. Hcp

ImeØp kphntijw tbml∂ms‚ IrXn A√ F∂p hmZn°p∂Xv

Hcp "^mj≥' t]mse Bbncp∂p. C∂p Im‰p amdnbn´p≠v. kphn-

tijw C∂sØ cq]Øn¬ FUn‰p sNbvXp ]kn≤oIcn®Xp tbml-

∂ms‚ injy∑mcn¬s∏´ Bsc¶nepw BImw. F∂m¬ CXns‚ apJy-

amb F√m `mKßfpw Bibßfpw tbml∂m\n¬ \n∂p Xs∂bm-

sW∂v C∂p s]mXpsh kΩXn°p∂p.

FgpXnb Imew

H∂mw \q‰m≠ns‚ A¥yZiIØn¬ (96˛100) F∂p IcpXmw. F.

Un. 150˛t\mSv ASpØp CXv CuPn]vXn¬ ]NmcØn¬ Ccp∂p F∂p

1955˛¬ Is≠SpØ IsøgpØp]Xn sXfnbn°p∂p. ]pXnb\nba-

Øns‚ G‰w ]pcmX\amb IsøgpØp]Xn (kphntijw apgp-

h\pan√) CXtX. Gjymssa\dn¬ \n∂v CuPn]vXp hsc Cu kphn-

tijw ]NmcØn¬ FØWsa¶n¬ ]kn≤oIcn®p Ipsd h¿j-

ßƒ Bbncn°Ww. AXpsIm≠p apIfn¬ sImSpØ Imew G‰hpw

kzoImcyamWv.

FgpØpImcs‚ ]›mØew

CXc kphntijßfn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXymkw CXns‚ ]›mØe-

Ønepw ]ISamWv. kaho£Wkphntijßfn¬ NnesX¶nepw

FgpØpImc≥ I≠n´p≠v. A√mØ]£w AhbpsS ]nºnep≈

]mcºcyßfpambn B`napJyap≠mbncp∂p F∂v A\pam\n°mw. Cu

kphntijØns‚ thcpIƒ Cdßns®√p∂Xp ]ekvXos‚ aÆn-

te°p Xs∂; hfhpw shfn®hpw kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv blqZaXØn¬

\n∂pw. F¶nepw bh\ XXzNn¥tbmSpw, Zm¿i\nI taJetbmSpw

hfsc ASp∏w ]pe¿Øp∂Xmbn ]mcw` mKw t]mse a‰p mKßfpw

kqNn∏n°p∂p. bYm¿∞Øn¬ Cu kphntijw F_mb ]mcºcy-

tØmSpw bh\ Nn¥mafietØmSpw _‘w ]pe¿Øp∂p.

107]Imi-Øn-te°v

1. F_mb ]›mØew

FgpØpImc≥ ]gb\nbatØmSp hfsc ISs∏´n´p≠v. t\cn´p≈

D≤cWnIƒ hncfsa¶nepw, blqZ \ymb]amWhpw, AXnse A\p-

jvTm\hn[nIfpw \∂mbn´dn™ncp∂p. blqZaXØnse s]cp∂mfp-

Iƒ kp]cnNnXsa∂p amXa√ InkvXp kw`hw, B s]cp∂mfp-

IfpsS ]›mØeØnemWp kwhn[m\w sNbvXncn°p∂Xv. s]kl

2:23; 6:4; 13:1; 11:56; IqSmcs∏cp∂mƒ 7:2; ]XnjvtTm’hw 10:22.

dm_namcpsS hymJym\ßfpw D]tZißfpw kphntijI\p ]cn-

NnXßfmWv (tbml. 8:56). \nßfpsS ]nXmhmb A_lmw Fs‚

Znhkw ImWpw F∂p≈XpsIm≠v D√kn®p. \q‰m≠pIƒ°p apºv

avinlmbpsS Imew A_lmw I≠p F∂ Bibw dm_namcpsS

Nn¥tbmSp ISs∏´n´p≈XmWv. im_Xn¬ ]cntOZ\ \SØmsa∂p-

≈Xv (7:22f) im_Xn¬ hln°mhp∂ mcw (5:10), IqSmcs∏cp∂mfns‚

NSßpIƒ Chsbms° dm_namcpsS ]t_m[\ßsf ]Xn[z\n∏n-

°p∂p.

tbip kzbambn \SØp∂ Nne ]kvXmh\Iƒ it≤bamWv:

"Poh\p≈ sh≈w (4:11˛15), Pohs‚ A∏w (6:35), temIØns‚

shfn®w' (8:12), Cu hntijWßsfms° \ymb]amWØn\v blq-

ZP\w \¬Inbn´p≈hbmWv. B hntijWßƒ tbiphns‚ ZuXy-

sØ kqNn∏n°p∂hbmbn kphntijI≥ I≠p.

blqZaXØnse "At∏m°en]v‰n°¬' IrXnIfpsS Bibßfp-

ambn kphntijI≥ ]cnNbn®ncp∂p. tbiphns\ aviolm Bbn´p

amXa√, cmPmhpw (Xs‚ cmPyw sFlnIa√) Bbn AhXcn∏n°p∂p.

Ipavdm≥ k\ymknIfpsS (G o\y¿) Bibßfpambn kphnti-

jØn\p _‘ap≠v. Ah¿ blqZaXØnse Hcp hn`mKambncp∂t√m.

]ImiØns‚ ]pX∑m¿, kXyØns‚ Bflmhv, ]ImiØns‚

\mY≥, A‘ImcØns‚ ZqX≥, shfn®hpw A‘Imchpw XΩnep≈

XmcXayw Chsbms° Ipavdm≥ IrXnIfnep≈XmWv. kphntijI\v

B IrXnItfmSp≈ B`napJyw hfsc ]ISamWv.

btlmhbpsS \maØn\p henb ]m[m\yw blqZaXØn¬ \¬-

Inbncp∂p. B \maw D®cn°phm≥ ]mSn√mØ \nKqVamb H∂mWv

(Bh. 32:39; sbi. 42:8; 52:6 Cu `mKßƒ ImWpI). tamibv°p

shfns∏´t∏mƒ "Rm\mIp∂h≥ Rm\mIp∂p' F∂mWv (]pd. 3:14).

kphntijØn¬ Cu t]cp Xs∂ tbiphpw D]tbmKn°p∂p. "Rm≥

108 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

BIp∂p' F∂p ]e kphntijßfn¬ Bh¿Øn°p∂p (tbml.

18:1˛7 t\m°pI).

aviolmsb∏‰n blqZP\w ]pe¿Ønb ]Xo£Iƒ F]Imcam-

bncp∂p F∂p kphntijI≥ Adn™ncp∂p. avinlmbpsS D¤hw

A⁄mXambncn°pw (7:27). Ah≥ A¤pXßƒ ]h¿Øn°pw (7:31).

Ah≥ t_Xvetlan¬ \n∂p hcpw (7:42). Ah≥ Ft∂°pw Ccn°pw

(12:34). blqZ hnizmkØn¬ thcq∂nb Hcmƒ°p amXta Cu ]Xo-

£Iƒ ]Xn^en∏n°phm≥ Ignbq. ta¬°mWn® Imcyßƒ sXfnbn-

°p∂Xp kphntijI≥ ]ekvXos‚ aÆn¬ Pohn® Bfpw B

]›mØeØn¬ ASnbpd® hy‡nbpsa∂mWv.

2. bh\ ]›mØew

H∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ "sl√\nk'Øns‚ (bh\ kwkvImcw)

kzm[o\w km¿∆XnIambncp∂p. ]pXnb\nba IrXnIfn¬ ]eXnepw

B kzm[o\w ]finX∑m¿ Is≠Ømdp≠v. tbml∂ms‚ kphnti-

jamWv AXnsem∂v. Ign™ Xeapdbnse s]m´Ã‚ v ]finX∑m¿

]ecpw Cu kphntijsØ bh\ ]›mØeØn¬ amXamWp kzoI-

cn®ncp∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ bh\kzm[o\hpw Ds≠∂p amXta ]dbq.

F¥mWv bh\ kzm[o\Øns‚ ASbmfßƒ?

(a) "temtKmkn's\∏‰nbp≈ hnhcWw: tbml. 1:1˛14.

"temtKmkv' (Logos) F∂ Bibw tÃmbn°cn¬ ]_eamWv. CXv

AeIvk≠nbmbnse blqZ XØzNn¥I\mb ss^tem (_n. kn.

20 F. Un. 50) kzoIcn°pIbpw hn]peoIcn°pIbpw sNbvXn´p≠v.

ssZhsØbpw ]]©sØbpw XΩn¬ _‘n°p∂ a≤yh¿Ønbmbn

temtKmkns\ (hN\w) At±lw I≠p. Xn∑ \nd™ ]]©hpambn

]caamb ssZhØn\p t\cn´p _‘an√. temtKmkn¬°qSnbmWp

_‘w. "hN\w' ssZhØns‚ a\ nse Nn¥bpw B Nn¥bpsS ]Xn-

[z\nbpamWv. Cu Bibßƒ kphntijØns‚ BapJ`mKØp

ImWmat√m.

(b) ⁄m\Øns‚ ]m[m\yw: bh\ Nn¥m[mcbn¬ "⁄m\'-

Øn\p henb ]m[m\yw Iev]n®ncp∂p. ⁄m\hmZw (Gnosticism)

Xs∂ AXns‚ hnImk ]cnWmaamWv. c£bv°p \nZm\w ⁄m\-

atX. AXv tIhew _u≤nIa√ AXnep]cnbmWv. tbml∂ms‚

kphntijØn¬ ⁄m\Øn\p ap≥Xq°w \¬Inbncn°p∂p. "GI

kXyssZhamb \ns∂bpw \o Ab®ncn°p∂ tbipInkvXphns\bpw

Adnbp∂Xp Xs∂ \nXyPoh≥ BIp∂p' (tbml. 17:37; 8:31˛32;

109]Imi-Øn-te°v

10:14˛15; 14:5˛10 F∂o `mKßfpw ImWpI).

(c) kXyw: Cu Bibw ]vtft‰mbnepw a‰p bh\ Z¿i\ßfnepw

ImWmhp∂XmWv. ]vtft‰mbpsS Nn¥bn¬ c≠p temIßfmWv. H∂v

BibßfpsS temIw (World of ideas) a‰Xp Zriy]]©w. Chbn¬

bYm¿∞ambn´p≈Xv BZytØXmWv. AXtX kXyw. tbml∂m-

\n¬ "kXyw' F∂ ]Zw 25 ]mhiyw D]tbmKn®n´p≠v (NneXp amXw

ImWpI. 4:23˛24; 8:32; 17:17).

(d) Poh\pw ]Imihpw: CXpw bh\ kn≤m¥ßfn¬ ÿew

]nSn®n´p≈XmWv. "Poh≥' F∂ ]Zw kphntijØn¬ BZymhkm\w

ap∂n´p\n¬°p∂p. AXpsIm≠p "Pohs‚ kphntijw' F∂p

t]mepw CXns\ hntijn∏n°mdp≠v. temIØnte°p IS∂ph∂p

temIsØ ]Imin∏n°p∂ kXyshfn®hpw ][m\ BibamWv.

CXphsc I≠Xp bh\ Nn¥m[mcbpambn khntij km[¿ayw

]pe¿Øp∂ hkvXpXbmWv. kphntijØns‚ ]e Bibßfpw

]Zßfpw XØzßfpw bh\ Nn¥tbmSp _‘ap≈XmWv. kphnti-

jIs‚ hnPbw AhnsSbmWv \mw a\ nemt°≠Xv. c£bpsS

kphntijw blqZ\p amXa√, a‰p≈h¿°pamWv. AXpsIm≠p

blqZ∑msc kphntijw t_m[yam°pIbpw bh\∑mscbpw B

hnizmkØnte°p sIm≠phcnIbpw th≠nbncn°p∂p. AXn\p

th≠nbmWv bh\ temIØn\p a\ nemIp∂ mjbn¬ IqSn tbip-

InkvXphns\ AhXcn∏n°m≥ ian®n´p≈Xv.

tNmZyßƒ

1. kaho£W kphntijhpw, tbml∂ms‚ kphntijhpw XΩn

ep≈ ][m\ hyXymkßƒ Fs¥√mw?

2. sk_Zn ]pX\mb tbml∂ms\∏‰n ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ \n∂p

\ap°p e`n°p∂ hnhcßƒ Fs¥√mw?

3. kphntijØns‚ bh\]›mØew hnhcn°pI?

110 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 2

kphntijIs‚ e£yw

aX]camb e£yw hnizmkhn]coXßƒs°Xncmb kXy-

hnizmkw ÿm]n°pI

Cu kphntijsØ a\ nem°p∂Xn\v, X¬ I¿Ømhns‚ Dt±-

iyßƒ Klnt°≠XmWv. Nne e£yßƒ hy‡ambn ]d™n´p≠v.

a‰p≈h kq£va ]T\Øn¬°qSn \ap°v A\pam\n°pIbpw sNømw.

1. aX]chpw B≤ymflnIhpamb e£yw

Xs‚ Dt±iysas¥∂p kphntijI≥ hy‡am°p∂p. "F∂m¬

tbip ssZh]pX\mb InkvXp F∂p \nßƒ hnizknt°≠Xn∂pw

hnizkn®n v Ahs‚ \maØn¬ \nßƒ°p Poh≥ D≠mtI≠Xn∂pw

CXv FgpXnbncn°p∂p' (tbml. 20:31). tbip ssZh]pX\mb InkvXp-

hmsW∂ hnizmkw Dfhm°phm\mWv. "\nßƒ hnizkn°p∂Xn\v'

F∂ ]mTw ssIsbgpØp ]XnIfn¬ hn`n∂ cq]ßfn¬ ImWp∂p.

Hcp ]mTa\pkcn®v "\nßfn¬ hnizmkw P\n°p∂Xn\pw' F∂mbn-

cn°pw hnh£. CXp icnsb¶n¬ kphntijw AhnizmknIsf e£y-

am°n hncNn®n´p≈XmsW∂p IcpXWw. as‰mcp ]mTa\pkcn®p

"\nßƒ hnizmkØn¬ \ne\n¬°p∂Xn\pw' F∂mImw hnh¿Ø\w.

Aßs\sb¶n¬ kphntijw hnizmknIsf Dt±in®psIm≠v Ahsc

hnizmkØn¬ Dd∏n°phm\mWv F∂p hcpw (1 tbml. 5:13 XmcX-

ays∏SpØpI). c≠p e£yßfpw kzmKXm¿lambn \ap°p tXm∂mw.

blqZaXØns‚ ]cn[nhn´p kphntijw ]Ncn®p Ign™t∏mƒ,

]pdØp≈h¿°p a\ nemIØ°hn[w AXv AhXcn∏nt°≠nbn-

cp∂p. AXn\p≈ iaw Cu kphntijI≥ \SØp∂Xmbn tXm∂mw.

tbiphns\ shdpw aviolm Bbn NnXoIcn°p∂XpsIm≠p kphnti-

jI≥ Xr]vXns∏Sp∂n√. AXne∏pdambn Hcp e£yap≠mbncp∂p.

blqZscbpw, hnPmXnbscbpw a\pjykaqlsØ apgphs\bpw

ap∂n¬ I≠psIm≠mWv FgpXp∂Xv. InkvXphns‚ PohNcnXw

hc®pImWn°pIbpw AhnSpsØ hy‡nXz clkyw A\m-h-cWw

sNøp-I-bpw, Ahn-SpsØ hm°pIfpw ]hrØnIfpw hymJym\n®p

XcnIbpamWp tbml∂m≥ sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXn¬°qSn F√mh-

scbpw Pohs‚ A\p`hØnte°p sIm≠phcnI F∂ D∂Xamb

e£yw At±lØn\p≠mbncp∂p.

111]Imi-Øn-te°v

2. hnhmZmflIamb e£yw

hnhmZmflIamb (Polemica) Nne e£yßfpw kphntijI\p≠v.

tbip \SØp∂Xmbn hnhcn®n´p≈ kpZo¿L ]`mjWßƒ

]cntim[n®m¬ hnhmZmflIamb Hcp kz`mhw Ah¿°p ImWmw.

tbml∂ms‚ kaImenI ]›mØeØn¬ amXta AXp a\ nem-

°m≥ Ignbq.

(a) blqZ¿s°Xnsc: Cu kphntijØn¬ blqZ∑msc∏‰nbp≈

]cma¿ißƒ kphntijI\v AhtcmSv Hcp hncp≤at\m`mhap-

≠mbncp∂p F∂ Nn¥bmWp \Ωnepfhm°p∂Xv. blqZ∑m¿ tbip-

hns\ Xnckv°cn®Xv kphntijIs\ Akzÿ\m°p∂p. "blqZ¿'

F∂ ]Zw 71 ]mhiyw CXn¬ ]Xy£s∏Sp∂p. ]et∏mgpw AXp

tbiphnt\mSp iXpX ]pe¿Ønbncp∂ blqZ aXm[nImcnIsf,

]tXyIn®p bdpitean¬ D≠mbncp∂hsc kqNn∏n°phm\p≈

kmt¶XnI ]ZamWv. ssIkvXhcpw blqZcpw XΩn¬ BZna

k`bnep≠mbncp∂ iXpXbpw, kwL¿jhpw Cu kphntijØn¬

]Xn^en°p∂p≠v. im_Xns\∏‰nbp≈ kwhmZw, A_lman¬

\n∂p≈ ]n¥pS¿®, kp\tKmKn¬\n∂p≈ _lnjvIcWw, Ip¿_m-

\sb kw_‘n®p amwkw £n∏m≥ Xcm≥ Ignbptam F∂ tNmZyw

CsX√mw kphntijw cNn°p∂ ImesØ blqZ ˛ ssIkvXh

kwhmZw shfns∏SpØp∂p≠v.

(b) kv\m]Iinjy∑m¿s°Xnsc: kv\m]Is\ tbiphnt\°mƒ

tijvT\mbn AwKoIcn®ncp∂ kv\m]I injykaqlap≠mbncp∂p.

Aßs\bp≈ kaqlsØ∏‰n A. ]. 18:25˛19:7 hscbp≈ `mKØp-

\n∂p ImWmw. Ah¿ bnkmtb¬ cmPyØn\p ]pdØp Gjymssa\-

dn¬ Ft^kqkn¬ hsc FØnbncp∂p. aq∂mw \q‰m≠n¬ cNn°-

s∏´ Hcp IrXnbn¬ (Clementine Recognitions) Ch¿ tbiphns\b√

tbml∂ms\bmWv XßfpsS Kpcphpw InkvXphpambn AwKoIcn®-

sX∂p ]dbp∂p.

Cu kphntijØn¬ kv\m]Is\∏‰n ]dbptºmsg√mw At±lw

tbipInkvXphn\p hnt[b\mbn h¿Øn®p F∂p ImWn°p∂p (1:5,

19, 33:3, 13, 4:1). tbip tbml∂m\n¬ \n∂p amtamZokm G¬°p∂

kw`hw t]mepw hn´pIf™ncn°p∂p. kv\m]I≥ tbiphns‚

aviolm ÿm\Øns‚ Hcp km£n amXamWv. aWhmf\√, aW-

hmfs‚ tXmgva°mc≥ amXamWv F∂nßs\bmWv CXn¬ NnXo-

Icn®n´p≈Xv.

112 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

(c) "anÃdn aXßƒ's°Xnsc (Mystery religions): bh\ temI-

Ønse anÃdn aXßƒ BZy\q‰m≠pIfn¬ InkvXob k`bv°v Hcp

henb sh√phnfn Bbncp∂p. kphntijØnse Nne kqN\Iƒ

Ahbvs°Xncmbn hnc¬ Nq≠p∂hbmWv. B aXßƒ°p kv\m\hpw

ho≠pw P\\hpw, tZht\mSp≈ Iq´mbva _enb¿∏n°s∏´ `£W-

Øn¬°qSn \SØp∂ A\p`hhpw D≠mbncp∂p. Ft^kqkn¬ Ch-

cpsS kzm[o\w Hcp]t£ FØnbncn°mw.

IqZmiIsf∏‰n tbml∂m≥ FgpXptºmƒ hy‡am°p∂ Imcy-

ßƒ it≤bamWv. kv\m\Øn¬°qSnbp≈ ho≠pw P\\w ]cnip-

≤mfl hym]mcØmemWv. Bflmhn\m¬ P\n®Xv BflmhmIp∂p

(tbml. 3:6). Ip¿_m\sb∏‰n ]dbptºmƒ "Pohn∏n°p∂Xv Bflm-

hmIp∂p; amwkw H∂n\pw D]Icn°p∂n√' (tbml. 6:63) F∂p shfn-

s∏SpØp∂p.

(d) Kvt\mÃn°pIƒs°Xnsc (Gnosticism): Kvt\mknkv F∂

Ko°v ]ZØn\v ⁄m\w F∂mW¿∞w. ⁄m\Øn\p ap≥Xq°w

Iev]n®psIm≠pw ]tXyIamb Nne kn≤m¥ßƒ Db¿Øn∏nSn-

°p∂Xpamb H∂mWv ⁄m\hmZw. CXns\Xnsc kphntijØn¬

i‡amb BIaWw C√ F∂p Nne¿ IcpXp∂p. ImcWw AsXmcp

Nn¥m]≤XnbpsS \nebnte°p hf¿∂p hnIkn®Xv c≠mw \q‰m-

≠n\p tijamWv. ]t£ kndnbmbn¬ Nne Kvt\mÃn°p ]hWXIƒ

DSseSpØncp∂p. sImtemkyk`bnepw FØnbncp∂Xmbn sImtem-

kyteJ\Øn¬ ImWmw (sImtem. 2:8˛15; 1:15˛20). ssZhØn\pw a\p-

jy¿°panSbn¬ At\Iw a[yh¿ØnIsf Ah¿ k¶ev]n®p.

ap‡n°p am¿§w hn⁄m\asX. C°q´cpsS ]Zmhen°p ssIkvX-

hamb ]pXnb A¿∞w \¬Ins°m≠p tbml∂m≥ AhcpsS AWn-

Ifn¬ ]tcm£ambn BIaWw \SØp∂Xmbn ImWmw. hN\w a[y-

h¿ØnIsf Bibn°msX PUsaSpØp F∂p ]dbp∂p. AXphgn

AhcpsS ]]©imkvXsØ \ntj[n°p∂p.

⁄m\hmZØns‚ Hcp hIt`ZamWv tUmk‰nkw (tXm∂¬

hmZw). CXv Gjymssa\dn¬ i‡n ]m]n®ncp∂p. ⁄m\hmZØns‚

auenI LSIamWv ssZzXkn≤m¥w. ssZhw ]caamb \∑bpw

kXyhpamWv. ]Zm¿∞abamb ]]©w Xn∑ \nd™Xpw. CXp c≠pw

XΩn¬ bmsXmcp _‘hpw km≤ya√. AXpsIm≠p ]]© krjvSn

\SØp∂Xp Xs∂ ssZha√: ssZhØns‚ apJyImcyZ¿inbmWv.

ssZhØn\p ]Zm¿∞amb ]]©tØmSp Hcn°epw _‘s∏Sm≥

]mSn√mØXpsIm≠p ssZhØns‚ PU[mcWw Akm[yatX.

113]Imi-Øn-te°v

AXn\m¬ InkvXob kphntijØnse a\pjymhXmckXyw Ah¿

\ntj[n®p. AhcpsS Nn¥bn¬ tbipInkvXp bYm¿∞ a\pjy\m-

bncp∂n√. a\pjy\msW∂p tXm∂pI amXw sNbvXp (tUm°tbm

= tXm∂pI; AXn¬\n∂mWv tUmk‰nkw tXm∂¬hmZw) Hcp ambm-

hnsbt∏mse hym]cn®p.

Cu Nn¥mKXns°Xncmbn tbml∂m≥ i‡ambn t]mcmSn.

"hN\w PUsaSpØp (amwksaSpØp F∂mWv hmNym¿∞w) \ΩpsS

CSbn¬ ]m¿Øp' (tbml. 1:14) F∂p≈ ]kvXmh\bn¬°qSn

a\pjymhXmc kXyw shfns∏SpØpIbmWv. tbml∂ms‚ H∂mw

teJ\Øn¬ FXn¿ InkvXp°fmbn NnXoIcn®n´p≈Xv "tbip-

InkvXp PUØn¬ h∂p F∂p kzoIcn°mØhcmWv' (1 tbml.

4:2, 3). PU[mcWbmYm¿∞yw Ac°n´pd∏n°pIbmWv "Rßƒ

tI´Xpw kz¥IÆpsIm≠p I≠Xpw, Rßƒ t\m°nbXpw Rß-

fpsS ssI sXm´pt\m°nbXpamb ssZhhN\w F∂p hnhcn°ptºmƒ

(1 tbml. 1:1). kphntijØnepS\ofw tbipInkvXphns‚ a\pjy-

XzØn\p Du∂¬ \¬Inbncn°p∂Xp ImWmw. AXp tXm∂¬

hmZsØ Jfin°p∂Xn\mIWw. "tbip hgn \S∂p £oWn®n´p

Ccp∂p' (tbml. 4:6). "tbip IÆp\o¿ hm¿Øp' (tbml. 11:35).

"F\n°p Zmln°p∂p' F∂p ]d™p (tbml. 19:28). "Ip¥w sIm≠v

Ahs‚ hnem∏pdØv IpØn; DSs\ c‡hpw sh≈hpw ]pds∏´p'

(tbml. 19:34).

tbiphns‚ ]q¿W a\pjyXzw shfns∏SpØp∂tXmsSm∏w Ahn-

SpsØ ]q¿W ssZhXzhpw tbml∂m≥ sXfnbn°p∂p. ⁄m\hmZn-

Iƒ D∂bn®Xp ssZhØn¬ \n∂p ]pds∏Sp∂ (emanation) _ln¿-

kv^pcWw BWv tbip F∂tX. "hN\w ssZhambncp∂p' (tbml.

1:2). "Rm\pw ]nXmhpw H∂mIp∂p. Fs∂ I≠h≥ ]nXmhns\ I≠n-

cn°p∂p' (tbml. 14:9). tXmΩm«olmbpsS G‰p]d®n¬, "Fs‚

I¿Ømhpw Fs‚ ssZhhpta' (20:28). Chsb√mw Xs‚ ssZhXzw

sXfnbn°p∂XtX.

tbml∂m≥ ⁄m\hmZØns‚bpw tXm∂¬hmZØns‚bpw D]-

tZißsf Jfin®psIm≠p kXyØn¬ tbipInkvXp BcmIp∂p

F∂p sXfnbn°p∂p.

NcnX]camb Hcp IrXn cNn°pI Bbncp∂n√ tbml∂ms‚

e£yw. AXpsIm≠p NcnXsØ AhKWn®psht∂m hnkvacn®p-

sht∂m A¿∞an√. kam¥ckphntijßfnse NcnX]camb Nne

114 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]cma¿ißsf XncpØpI Xs∂ sNøp∂p≠v (DZm. I¿Ømhns‚

s]klmbpsS kabw). \nehnep≈ Bhiyßsfbpw sh√phnfnI-

sfbpw IW°nseSpØpsIm≠p tbipInkvXp Bsc∂pw, Ahn-

SpsØ ZuXysas¥∂pw shfns∏SpØns°mSp°pIbmWv.

tNmZyßƒ

1. kphntijcN\bn¬ tbml∂ms‚ aX]camb e£yßƒ F¥m

bncp∂p?

2. tbml∂m≥ ⁄m\hmZsØ Fßs\ Jfin°p∂p?

3. tbml∂ms‚ kao]\w kphntij ]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v Fßs\

am¿§Z¿i\w \¬Ip∂p?

]mTw 3

hN\w PUsaSpØp

BapJ hmIyßsf∏‰nbp≈ ]T\w LS\, kz`mhw CXc

`mKßfpambp≈ _‘w bh\ ˛ F_mb ]›mØew

tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØns‚ ]mcw`w kaho£W kphnti-

jßfn¬\n∂p hyXykvXambncn°p∂p. ChnsS "hN\'sØ kw_-

‘n®p≈ ]uVamb Hcp ]Xn]mZ\amWv. aqe`mjbn¬ (Ko°v)

CXv "IhnXm' cq]ØnemWp ImWp∂Xv. Adamb `mjbn¬ hN-

\sØ ]Io¿Øn°p∂ Hcp Km\iIew \nehnencp∂Xv tbml∂m≥

FSpØp D]tbmKn®ncn°pIbmWv F∂p Nne¿ A`n]mbs∏Sp∂p.

AX√, Hcp Kvt\mÃn°v Km\w tbml∂m≥ ]mTt`Zs∏SpØn D]tbm-

Kn®ncn°bmWv F∂pw ]dbp∂p. F¥p Xs∂ Bbmepw c≠p Imcy-

ßƒ hy‡amWv: (1) LS\bn¬ Cu `mKw CXc`mKßfn¬\n∂p

hyXymks∏´ncn°p∂p. hN\w F∂ t]cv tbiphn\p kphntij-

Øn¬ as‰ßpw D]tbmKn®nt´bn√. (2) Bib]cambn kphntij-

Øns‚ CXc `mKßfpambn CXn\v At`Zyamb _‘ap≠v, DZm.

hN\w \nXyamWv (1:1f). ]pX\pw Aßs\ Xs∂ (17:5) hN\w Poh-

\mWv (1:4). ]pX\pw X∂n¬Øs∂ Poh\p≠v (5:26). Poh\pw ]Im-

ihpw hN\Øn¬ (1:4). InkvXp temIØns‚ ]Imiw (8:12). shfn-

115]Imi-Øn-te°v

®hpw A‘Imchpw XΩnep≈ kwL¿jw (1:5). ]Imiw temIØn¬

h∂psh¶nepw a\pjy≥ A‘ImcsØ kzoIcn°p∂p (3:19).

C]Imcap≈ Bib]camb kmayw hy‡am°p∂Xv BapJ

hmIyßƒ kphntijØns‚ s]mXphmb hnjbtØmSv At`Zyambn

_‘s∏´ncn°p∂p F∂mWv. hN\sØ∏‰n hnhcn°pIb√ tbml-

∂ms‚ e£yw, a\pjy\mbnØo¿∂ tbiphns\∏‰n hy‡am°p-

IbmWv.

"hN\'sa∂Xns‚ ]›mØew

hN\sa∂ BibØn\p ]nºn¬ c≠p Nn¥m[mcbmWp Im◊m-

\p≈Xv. bh\ ]mcºcyØn¬\n∂p≈Xpw F_mb ]mcºcyØn¬-

\n∂p≈Xpw.

1. bh\ ]mcºcyw

"temtKmkv' (Word) F∂Xv Ko°p ]ZamWv. bh\ XXzNn¥bn¬

AXn\p henb ÿm\ap≠v. Ft^kqkpImc\mb sldmIvfo‰kv

(B.C. 560) BWv BZyambn Cu ]Zap]tbmKn°p∂Xv. ]]©w apgp-

h\nepw hym]n®v, hym]cn°p∂ k¿hi‡nbmWp temtKmkv. ]Ir-

Xnbn¬ ImWp∂ Xmf\n_≤amb ]h¿Ø\w, temtKmkv aqeamWv.

tÃmbn°p Zm¿i\nI¿ temtKmkn\p ]m[m\yw \¬In. ]]©-

Ønep≈ kIeXpw temtKmkn\m¬ \nb¥n°s∏SpIbpw \bn°-

s∏SpIbpw sNøp∂p F∂h¿ ]Tn∏n®p. hyhÿm]nXamb LS\-

bn¬°qSn kIeXpw ÿnXnsNøp∂Xp temtKmkn\memWv.

a\pjy a\ nt\mSpw AXn\p _‘ap≠v. a\ nepbcp∂ Nn¥-

bpw, AXns‚ _ln¿]IS\amb hm°pw temtKmkp aqeamWv.

AeIvkm≠nbm°mc\mb (died AD 50) ss^tem bh\ XXzNn¥sb

hfscb[nIw kzmwioIcn®p hymJym\n®n´p≈ blqZ ]finX\mWv.

"temtKmkv' F∂ BibsØ blqZNn¥bpambn ka\zbn∏n°m-

\p≈ iaw At±lw \SØp∂p. ]]©krjvSn ssZhw temtKmkn¬-

°qSn \n¿∆ln®p. ]]©Øn¬ F√m‰n\pw aptºbp≈XmWp

temtKmkv. AXp ssZhØns‚ Nn¥sbt∂m, a\s t∂m hntijn-

∏n°mw. Cu temtKmkv BWp a\pjya\ n¬ ]h¿Øn®p Nn¥n°p-

hm\pw, Adnbphm\pap≈ Ignhv ]Zm\w sNøp∂Xv. ssZhØn\pw,

]]©Øn\pw CSbn¬ a[yh¿Ønbmbn, c≠ns\bpw _‘n®p

]h¿Øn°p∂Xpw temtKmkv AtX.

116 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

tbml∂m≥ ss^tembpsS Bibßƒ FXamXw Dƒs°m≠n-

cp∂p F∂p hy‡a√. ]e kmayßfpw \ap°p Z¿in°mw.

krjvSnbpw ]]©Øns‚ \ne\n¬∏pw hN\w aqew F∂p ]dbp-

tºmƒ Ah¿ GIm`n]mb°mcmWv. F∂m¬ ss^tembn¬ \n∂p

tbml∂m≥ _lpZqcw AI∂p\n¬°p∂ HcmibamWp "hN\w

PUsaSpØp' F∂p ]dbp∂Xv. bh\XXzNn¥bn¬ Hcn°epw hn`m-

h\w sNøm≥ ]mSn√mØ H∂mWXv. hN\w F∂pw Hcp Bibambn

ÿnXnsNøp∂p; ]Zm¿∞ ]]©hpambn t\cn´p _‘sam∂pw ]pe¿-

ØmsX. F∂m¬ tbml∂m≥ Xd∏n®p ]dbp∂Xp "hN\w PUsa-

SpØp' F∂mWv.

tbml∂ms‚ e£yw \kdmb\mb tbipInkvXp Bsc∂p shfn-

s∏SpØpIbmWv. A√msX "temtKmkv kn≤m¥w' hniZoIcn°pI-

b√. Xs‚ Dt±iykm≤yØn\mbn bh\temIØv kp]cnNnXamb

Hcp ]Zw kzoIcn®psIm≠v AXphgn tbiphns\ hymJym\n®p sImSp-

°pIbmWv. A`ykvXhnZy\mb Hcp bh\t\mSv tbml∂m≥ ]dbp-

∂Xv C]ImcamWv. "\nßƒ ssZhØn\pw ]]©Øn\pw CSbn¬

a[yh¿Ønbmb hN\sØ∏‰n hfsc \nKa\ßfpw N¿®Ifpw \S-

Ømdp≠t√m. B hN\sØ \nKa\ßfn¬°qSnb√ \nßƒ ImtW-

≠Xv, \kdmb\mb tbiphns\ t\m°p∂Xn¬°qSnbmWv. FX

Xs∂ hnIknXamb ⁄m\ambmepw AXp \nßsf hN\Ønte°p

\bn°pIbn√. hN\w tbiphmWv. kXyamb kIe ⁄m\hpw

Ah\n¬ tIµoIcn®ncn°p∂p.'

tbiphns\ bh\¿°p hy‡am°phm≥ hN\sa∂ ]Zhpw, Bi-

bhpw tbml∂m≥ A\ptbmPyambn I≠p. B XXzw AwKoIcn®p

sIm≠p mcXØnse sslµh¿°pw ap…oßƒ°pw a‰p aXÿ¿°pw

\ap°v Fßs\ InkvXphns\ AhXcn∏n°msa∂p Nn¥nt°≠-

XmWv. t]jnX ]h¿Ø\Øns‚ ASnÿm\XXzw tbml∂m≥

\ap°p \¬Ip∂Xmbn ImWmw.

2. F_mb ]mcºcyw

"hN\'sa∂ BibØns‚ ASnthcv F_mb ]mcºcyØnepw

Is≠Ømw. F_mb Nn¥mKXnbn¬ "hN\w' tIhew Hcp i_vZa√;

]h¿Ø\ i‡nbpw AkvXnXzhpap≈ H∂mWv. ]gb\nbaØn¬

Cu Nn¥ [mcmfambn ]Xn^en®n´p≠v.

(a) ssZhØns‚ hN\w i‡hpw, krjvSnI¿Ωw \SØp∂Xp-

117]Imi-Øn-te°v

amWv. "D≠mIs´ F∂p ssZhw Iev]n®p. AXp≠mbn' (D¬]. 1:3, 6,

9). ]]© krjvSn ssZhI¬∏\ Dƒs°m≈p∂ hN\ØmemWv.

k¶o¿Ø\ßƒ ]eXpw Cu Bibw IqSpXembn [z\n∏n°p∂p≠v

(k¶o. 33:6; 32:6; 147:15). ssZhØns‚ a\ pw C—bpw, _ln¿kv pcn-

°p∂Xn\memWp krjvSn \S°p∂Xv.

]hmNI∑m¿°p shfns∏SpØphm\p≠mbncp∂Xv "ssZhØns‚

hN\'ambncp∂p. ssZhw kzlnXw shfns∏SpØnbXp Xs‚ hN\w

aqeamWv. B hN\tØmSp A\pIqeambn ]XnIcn°phm≥ P\ß-

tfmSp ]hmNI∑m¿ Bhiys∏´p. F∂m¬ P\w ]et∏mgpw AXp

\nckn°bmWp sNbvXXv (sbi. 1:3). CXn\p kam¥cambn tbml.

1:12 ImWpI. "Ah≥ (hN\w) kz¥Ønte°p h∂p; kz¥ambhtcm

Ahs\ ssIs°m≠n√.'

hN\Øns‚ c≠p ]h¿Ø\ßfmWp \mw apIfn¬ I≠Xv;

krjvSn°p∂Xpw, shfns∏SpØp∂Xpw (Creation & Revelation). Cu

c≠mibßfpw temtKmkns\∏‰nbp≈ tbml∂ms‚ hnhcWØn¬

ImWmw. ]pcmX\ ImeØp krjvSn \SØnbXpw ]hmNI∑mcn¬-

°qSn shfns∏´Xpamb hN\w Hcp ]pXnb `mhØn¬, \kdmb\mb

tbipInkvXphn¬°qSn ]Xy£ambncn°p∂p.

(b) F_mb `mjbn¬ \n∂v Adamb `mjbnte°p `mjm¥cw

sNøptºmƒ (Aßs\bp≈ `mjm¥cØn\v ‘Targums’ F∂p ]d-

bp∂p). btlmhbpsS t]cn\p ]Icw "saam' = hN\w F∂mWp

tN¿Øncp∂Xv. DZm ]pd. 19:17. "ssZhsØ FXntc¬∏m≥ tami

P\sØ ]mf-b-Øn¬ \n∂p ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®p' CXn\p "Xm¿Kp-an¬' ]d-

bp-∂Xv "ssZhhN-\sØ FXn-tc-ev]m≥' F∂mWv. ssZhw Zln∏n-

°p∂ A·nbmIp∂p' (Bh. 9:3) F∂Xn\v "ssZhhN\w Zln∏n°p∂

A·nbmIp∂p' F∂mWv. "saam' AYhm ssZhhN\w, i‡hpw

]h¿Ø\\ncXhpamb H∂mbn blqZ∑m¿ Nn¥n°phm≥ CSbmbn.

(c) ⁄m\sØ (Wisdom) ∏‰nbp≈ blqZ Nn¥bmWp hN\-

Øn\p ]nºnep≈ as‰mcp LSIw. H∂mw \q‰m≠mbt∏mtg°pw

"⁄m\'sa∂Xn\v BfXzw Iev]n®psIm≠v krjvSn°p aptºbp≈-

Xmbpw krjvSn°p \nZm\ambpw hnizkn®pt]m∂p. ⁄m\w a\p-

jys‚ [m¿anI Kpcphpw hgnIm´nbpambpw IcpXn. "sh≈w Ahs‚

I¬∏\sb AXnIan°msXhÆw Ah≥ kapZØn\v AXn¿ h®-

t∏mgpw, `qanbpsS ASnÿm\w C´t∏mgpw Rm≥ (⁄m\w) Ahs‚

ASp°¬ inev]nbmbncp∂p.' "Rm≥ ]pcmX\ta' BZnbn¬ Xs∂

118 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

`qanbpsS Dev]Øn°p aptº \nban°s∏´ncn°p∂p. "Fs∂ Is≠-

Øp∂h≥ Pohs\ Is≠Øp∂p; Fs∂ tZzjn°p∂hscms°bpw

acWsØ C—n°p∂p' (kZri. 8:22˛36). At∏mIn^¬ IrXnbmb

kndm°ns‚ (Book of Sirach) ]pkvXIØn¬ ⁄m\Øn\p IqSpX¬

angnhp‰ hy‡nXz k¶ev]w \¬Inbncn°p∂p (kndm°v 24:8˛12).

itemtams‚ alm⁄m\sa∂ as‰mcp IrXnbn¬ ⁄m\w "\nXy

]ImiØn¬\n∂p≈ civanbpw, ssZhi‡nbpsS Id]pcfmØ

]Xn_nw_hpw, AhnSpsØ \∑bpsS ]Xncq]hpw' (alm⁄m\w

7:22˛26) F∂mWp hnhcn®n´p≈Xv. ChnsSsb√mw ⁄m\w Hcp

hy‡nbmbn k¶ev]n°p∂p; ]]©krjvSn \n¿hln°p∂ Hcph≥

Xs∂.

⁄m\sØ∏‰nbp≈ hnizmkhpw Adnhpap≈ Hcp blqZ≥

tbml∂ms‚ "temtKmkv' hnhcWw hmbn°ptºmƒ ⁄m\sØ-

∏‰n Fs¥ms° Ah≥ [cn®ncn°p∂pthm AsXms° \kdmb\mb

tbiphn\p \¬Inbn´p≈Xmbn t_m[yamIpw. AXv Ahs\ B›cy-

s∏SpØpIbpw Ahs‚ [mcWsb sh√phnfn°pIbpw sNøpw.

ImcWw ⁄m\sa∂p≈Xv \ymb]amWhpambn XmZmflys∏SpØn-

bmWp Nn¥n®pt]m∂n´p≈Xv. \ymb]amWw \nXyhpw, XnIhp‰Xpw

kºq¿WhpamWv. kIe ⁄m\hpw AXn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂p. ]ca-

amb A[nImcw, aX]cambn Nn¥n°ptºmƒ \ymb]amWØn\mWv.

Aßs\bp≈ \ymb]amWØns‚ ÿm\ØmWp \kdmb\mb

tbiphns\ tbml∂m≥ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv: "\ymb]amWw tami

apJm¥cw e`n®p; Ir]bpw kXyhpw tbipInkvXp apJm¥cw h∂p'

(tbml. 1:17).

hN\sa∂ Bibw blqZ∑m¿°v A\ytam A]cnNnXtam A√m

F∂p \mw I≠p. hN\w PUsaSpØ \kdmb\mb tbiphnte-

°mWp tbml∂m≥ AhcpsS i≤bpw hnizmkhpw £Wn°p∂Xv.

bh\∑m¿°pw blqZ∑m¿°pw H∂pt]mse kzoImcyamb Hcmib-

Øn¬°qSn tbiphns\ AhXcn∏n°phm\pw tbiphn¶te°v Ahsc

£Wn°phm\pw AtX "hN\'sØ∏‰n BapJambn tbml∂m≥

hnhcn°p∂Xv.

hN\sØ∏‰n tbml∂m≥ F¥p ]dbp∂p? tbml. 1:1˛18. Cu

`mKsØ \membn Xncn°mw.

(a) hN\w ssZhhpw kjvSmhpw F∂ \nebn¬ hm. 1˛5.

(b) kv\m]Is‚ ÿm\hpw ZuXyhpw hm. 6˛8.

119]Imi-Øn-te°v

(c) hN\Øns‚ BKa\w hm. 9˛13.

(d) PUsaSpØ hN\hpw, c£m]≤Xnbpw hm. 14˛18.

(a) hN\sØ∏‰n BZy`mKØp ImWp∂ Imcyßƒ \nXyambn

ÿnXn sNøp∂p; ssZhtØmSpIqsS; bYm¿∞Øn¬ ssZhw Xs∂.

krjvSn°p \nZm\ambn´p≈h≥; krjvSnsb \ne\ndpØp∂h≥;

A‘ImcsØ ]cmPbs∏SpØp∂ ]Imiw.

(b) tbml∂mt\°mƒ D∂Xamb ÿm\amWp tbiphn\p≠m-

bncp∂sX∂p hy‡am°p∂p; tbml∂m≥ km£yw hln∏m≥ Ab-

bv°s∏´h≥.

(c) hN\w kIehpw shfns∏SpØp∂p; a\pjymhXmcØn\p

aptº temIØn¬ D≠mbncp∂p. F¶nepw temIw Adn™n√; \nc-

kn°bsX sNbvXXv.

Ahs\ kzoIcn®h¿°p ssZha°ƒ F∂ AhImiw e`yamWv.

ssZha°fmbnØocp∂Xp am\pjnI hym]mcØmtem C—bmtem

A√; ssZhlnXØmepw ssZhØns‚ k¿Ki‡nbmepw AsX.

(d) a\pjymhXmcw ˛ \nXy\mbn D≠mbncp∂h≥ a\pjy\mbn

P\n®p: bYm¿∞ a\pjy\mbn. Ahs‚ alXzw A∏kvtXme kaqlw

Z¿in®p. "alXzw' F∂Xv ssZhØns‚ km∂n≤yhpw hym]mchpatX.

]gb\nbaImeØp IqSmcØn¬ ssZhalXzap≠mbncp∂p. B

ÿm\ØmWp a\pjymhXmcw sNbvX tbipInkvXp.

tNmZyßƒ

1. hN\w F∂ Bibhpw "Hmw' F∂ sslµhmibhpw XΩn¬

Fs¥¶nepw kmayapt≠m? c≠ns\bpw ka\zbn∏n°m≥ Ign

bptam?

2. BapJ mKhpw kphntijØns‚ CXc`mKhpw XΩnep≈ _‘w

IqSpXembn hy‡am°pI.

3. Cu `mKhpw sImtem. 1:15˛20, F_m. 1:1˛3, \nJym hnizmk]am

WØn¬ ]pXs\∏‰nbp≈ \n¿hN\w F∂nhbpw XmcXays∏

SpØn ]ckv]cap≈ _‘w a\ nem°pI.

120 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 4

"ASbmfßƒ' ˛

tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬

kaho£W kphntijßfpambp≈ hyXymkw ]hrØnIfpw

ASbmfßfpw Cu hmIyßfpsS A¿∞hpw ]k‡nbpw

Ggv ASbmfßfpw AhbpsS A¿∞hpw

"Cu ]pkvXIØn¬ ImWp∂X√msX a‰t\Iw ASbmfßfpw

tbip Xs‚ injy∑m¿ Im¨sI sNbvXp' (tbml. 20:31). F¶nepw

tbml∂m≥ ]tXyI e£ytØmsS, tbip sNbvX A\h[n AS-

bmfßfn¬ \n∂p kphntijØns‚ BZy `mKØv (A. 2˛12)

GsgÆw amXw AhXcn∏n®ncn°p∂p. tbip ssZh]pX\pw anin-

lmbpamsW∂ kXyØn\p km£yw hln°p∂ ASbmfßfpw

(Signs) ]hrØnIfpw (works) F∂ hn[ØnemWp ]Xn]mZn®ncn-

°p∂Xv.

kam¥c kphntijßfpambn XmcXays∏SpØptºmƒ ]ISamb

Nne hyXymkßƒ Im◊m\p≠v.

(a) kam¥c kphntijßfn¬ "A¤pXßƒ', "hocy]hrØnIƒ'

(miracles: mighty works) F∂p hntijn∏n°ptºmƒ tbml∂m≥

"ASbmfßƒ', "]hrØnIƒ' F∂mWp hntijn∏n®ncn°p∂Xv.

AXn\p ImcWw tbip sNbvX A¤pXßfpsS BflnI ktµiw

hniZam°m\mWp tbml∂m≥ ian°p∂Xv.

(b) kaho£W kphntijßƒ A¤pXßsf ho£n°p∂Xp

ssZhcmPymKa\Øns‚ sXfnhmbn´mWv. tbml∂m\n¬ tbip-

InkvXp Bsc∂pw Xs‚ ZuXysas¥∂pw sXfnbn°p∂Xmbn´mWv.

Npgn™ndßn t\m°ptºmƒ c≠pw XΩn¬ henb hyXymkan√

F∂p ImWmw.

(c) kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ kmØms‚ B[n]XyØn¬-

\n∂p a\pjys\ hntamNn∏n°p∂Xns‚ ASbmfamWv A¤pXßƒ.

AXpsIm≠p `qtXm®mS\w (exorcism) B kphntijßfn¬ hfsc-

bp≠v. tbml∂m\n¬ H∂pt]mepan√. ImcWw tbml∂ms‚ e£yw

hyXykvXamWv.

(d) kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ A¤pX]hrØnIƒ \S°p-

121]Imi-Øn-te°v

∂Xn\v hnizmkw BZyta D≠mbncn°Ww. tbml∂m\n¬ ImWp-

∂Xv, A¤pXßƒ hnizmkØnte°p \bn°p∂Xmbn´mWv (tbml.

14:11 ImWpI).

(e) A¤pXßfpsS ssZhimkvX]camb A¿∞hpw ]k‡nbpw

shfns∏SpØpIbmWv tbml∂ms‚ e£yw. AXpsIm≠v A¤pX

kw`hØns‚ hnhcWsØ XpS¿∂p ssZhimkvX]camb Zo¿L

]`mjWw tIƒ°mw. DZm. A©∏w sIm≠v ]pcpjmcsØ Xr]vXn-

s∏SpØnb tijw (6:32˛63) Pohs‚ A∏sØ∏‰n ]`mjWw; emk-

dns\ Dbn¿∏n°ptºmƒ tbip ]p\cp∞m\hpw Poh\pw BIp∂p

F∂ hnjbsØ∏‰n (A. 11).

F∂m¬ kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ Cßs\bp≈ hymJym-

\hnhcWßƒ ImWp∂n√. ta¬]d™ hyXymkßƒ°v AanXamb

]m[m\yw \¬tI≠Xn√. kphntijI∑m¿ XßfpsS ho£W-

Ønepw e£yØnepw hyXymkw ]men°p∂p F∂p amXw IcpXn-

bm¬ aXn.

"ASbmfßfpw ]hrØnIfpw'

tbml∂m≥ D]tbmKn®n´p≈ Cu hm°pIfpsS ]›mØehpw

A¿∞hym]vXnbpw Adn™ncnt°≠XmWv. ASbmfßƒ (Semeia(Greek) = Signs) F∂p≈ ]tbmKw ]gb\nba ]›mØeØnemWp

a\ nemt°≠Xv. Ko°p mjbn¬ "skssatbm¨' F∂ ]ZØn\v

GsX¶nepw Hcp hkvXphns\ Xncn®dnbp∂Xn\p≈ shdpsamcSbmfw

F∂p amXamW¿∞w. tbml∂ms‚ ZrjvSnbn¬ Cu hm°n\p shdpw

HcSbmfw F∂Xn¬ D]cn Bgamb A¿∞ap≠v. ]gb\nbaØn¬

(sk]v‰phPn‚n¬) D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂ A¿∞ØnemWv tbml-

∂m\pw D]tbmKn®n´p≈Xv. AhnsS A¤pXßsf°qSn kqNn∏n°p-

∂Xmbn ImWmw. ssZhnI ]h¿Ø\Øns‚ ASbmfambpw DSºSn-

bn¬ ssZhØns‚ klmbhpw hnizkvXXbpw tZymXn∏n°p∂ A®m-

cambpw Cu hm°mWv D]tbmKn®ncn°p∂Xv. ]pd∏mSnt\mSv (Exo-dus) A\p_‘n®p ]e ASbmfßfpw \mw ImWp∂p≠v. ]pd∏mSp

kw`hhpw InkvXphns‚ c£nI]hrØnbpw XΩn¬ tbml∂m≥

XmcXays∏SpØp∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂p. tamibn¬°qSn ssZhw AS-

bmfßƒ sNbvXXmbn hmbn°p∂p (]pd. 10:1; kwJym. 14:22, Bh.

7:19). F¶nepw P\w hnizkn°phm≥ hnkΩXn®p. btlmh tNmZn-

°p∂p; "Cu P\w FXtØmfw Fs∂ \nckn°pw? Rm≥ AhcpsS

at≤y sNbvXn´p≈ ASbmfßsfms°bpw I≠n´pw Ah¿ FX-

122 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

tØmfw Fs∂ hnizkn°mXncn°pw' (kwJy. 14:11). CXns‚ Hcp

]Xn[z\nbmWv tbml∂m\n¬ \mw tIƒ°p∂Xv. "Ah¿ Im¨sI

Ah≥ CXhfsc ASbmfßsf sNbvXn´pw Ah¿ Ah\n¬ hniz-

kn®n√' (tbml. 12:37). btlmhbpsS alXzhpw (glory) ASbmf-

ßfpw XΩn¬ _‘s∏SpØnbncn°p∂p (kwJy. 14:22). tbml∂ms‚

kphntijØn¬ Cu c≠p hm°pIƒ°pw henb ]m[m\yap≠t√m.

ASbmfßƒ btlmhbpsS alXzw shfns∏SpØnbXpt]mse tbip-

hns‚ ASbmfßƒ Ahs‚ alXzw shfns∏SpØp∂hbmWv

(tbml. 2:11, 12:37, 41).

"skssatbm≥' (Sign) F∂ hm°ns‚ D]tbmKØn¬ tbml-

∂ms\ kzm[o\n®Xp Ko°p Nn¥b√, ]XypX F_mb Nn¥m[mc-

bmWv. A¤pXw \nd™Xpw ]XoImflIhpw (Symbolic) amb Hcp

khntijX At±lw B ]ZØn\p Iev]n°p∂p≠v.

ASbmfßfpsS I¿ØrXzw ]q¿Wambpw InkvXphn\mWv. a‰mcpw

Xs∂ HcSbmfw \¬Ip∂Xmbn tbml∂m≥ hnhcn°p∂n√. CXn-

s\mcp ]tXyI e£yap≠v. ]pXnb\nbaØn¬ InkvXp btlmh-

bpsS ÿm\w Gs‰Sp°p∂p F∂p ImWn°pIbmWv. blqZ hnizm-

ka\pkcn®p btlmhbv°p amXta A¤pXßfpw ASbmfßfpw

]h¿Øn°phm≥ km[n°pambncp∂p≈p. tbiphns‚ ASbmfßƒ

AhnSpsØ hy‡nXzØnte°p shfn®w hoipIbpw P\ßsf

Ah\nep≈ hnizmkØnte°pw XZzmc \nXyPoh\nte°pw \bn°p-

Ibpw sNøp∂p (tbml. 20:30˛31).

]hrØnIƒ (Erga (GK) = works)

ASbmfßƒ F∂Xnt\°mƒ ]hrØnIƒ (works) F∂ hm°m-

Wv InkvXp ]et∏mgpw kz¥w A¤pXßsf ]cma¿in®psIm≠p

D]tbmKn°p∂Xv. ]Xnt\gp ]mhiyw InkvXp Xs∂ D]tbmKn-

®n´p≠v (kaho£W kphntijØn¬ c≠p ]mhiyw amXta

tbiphns‚ A¤pXßƒ°v Cu ]Zw D]tbmKn®n´p≈p. aØm. 11:2,

eqt°m. 24:19).

]gb\nba ]›mØeØnemWv Cu ]Zhpw a\ nemt°≠Xv.

]]© krjvSnsb ssZhØns‚ "]hrØn' F∂mWp ]dbp∂Xv

(Dev]. 2:2). c£mIc IrXyhpw ssZhØns‚ "]hrØn'bmWv. ]pd.

34:10; k¶o. 66:5; 77:12; Bh. 3:24). tamibn¬ IqSn ssZhw Ckmtb-

ens\ hnSphn®Xpw, A¤pXßƒ sNbvXXpw ssZhØns‚ ]hrØn

Bbncp∂p (A. ]. 7:22).

123]Imi-Øn-te°v

tbiphns‚ A¤pXßsf "]hrØnIƒ' F∂p hntijn∏n°p∂-

Xn¬°qSn, ssZhØns‚ krjvSn, hos≠Sp∏v F∂o ]hrØnIfpambn

X\n°p≈ _‘w ÿm]n°pIbmbncp∂p. "Fs‚ ]nXmhv C∂p-

hscbpw ]h¿Øn°p∂p, Rm\pw ]h¿Øn°p∂p' (tbml. 5:17).

]h¿Ø\Øn¬ ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw XΩnep≈ sFIyhpw s]mcp-

Øhpw ChnsS ]ISamWv (tbml. 14:10).

tbiphns‚ ipiqj apgph≥ Xs∂bpw "]hrØn' Bbn´mWp

ImWp∂Xv. "Rm≥ \ns∂ `qanbn¬ alXzs∏SpØn, \o F\n°p

sNbvhm≥ X∂ ]hrØn XnI®ncn°p∂p' (tbml. 17:4). tbiphns‚

A¤pXßƒ amXa√, AhnSpsØ hm°pIƒ t]mepw "]hrØn-

IfmWv.' "Rm≥ \nßtfmSp ]dbp∂ hN\w kzbambn´√ kwkmcn-

°p∂Xv; ]nXmhv F∂n¬ hkn®psIm≠p Xs‚ ]hrØn sNøp∂p'

(tbml. 14:10). F¶nepw A¤pXßfmWv ][m\ambpw "]hrØn'

F∂XpsIm≠p hnh£n°p∂Xv (tbml. 5:36).

ASbmfßfn¬ \n∂v "]hrØnIƒ' Aev]w hn`n∂amWv tbml-

∂ms‚ ho£WØn¬. ]tXyIn®pw AXns‚ I¿ØrXzsØ kw_-

‘n®v. ASbmfßfpsS ]q¿WI¿ØrXzw InkvXphn\mWv. F∂m¬

]hrØnIfpsS I¿ØrXzw ]nXmhpambn ]¶phbv°p∂p. InkvXphpw

]nXmhpw IqSnbmWv "]h¿Øn°pI' (tbml. 5:17). ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw

XΩnep≈ sFIysØ AXp shfns∏SpØp∂p.

Cu kphntijØnse ASbmfßfpw ]hrØnIfpw tbiphns‚

ssZhntIm¤hØn\pw ZnhyZuXyØn\pw km£yw hln°pIbmWp

sNøp∂Xv. Ah aqew Ah\n¬ hnizkn°p∂Xn\pw, hnizmkw hgn

c£ ]m]n°p∂Xn\pw ]tNmZ\acpfp∂p.

Ggv ASbmfßfpw AhbpsS A¿∞hpw

1. sh≈w ho™m°p∂Xv InkvXp ssIhcpØp∂ cq]m

(tbml. 2:1˛11) ¥cw kqNn∏n°p∂p

2. cmP`rXys‚ aIs\ kuJy hnizmkØm¬ InkvXp

am°p∂Xv (4:46˛54) kzÿam°p∂p

3. Xf¿∂hs\ kuJyam \jvSs∏´ i‡n InkvXp

°p∂Xv (5:2˛-9) ]Zm\w sNøp∂p.

4. AømbncsØ t]mjn∏n InkvXp Pohs‚ A∏w, AXn

°p∂Xv (6:4˛13) \m¬ \mw Pohn°p∂p.

124 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

5. ISent∑¬ \S°p∂Xv. InkvXp \ΩpsS hgnIm´n.

6. ]ndhn°pcpSs\ kuJyam InkvXp temIØns‚ ]Imiw

am°p∂Xv (9:1˛7).

7. emkdns\ Dbn¿∏n°p∂Xv InkvXp ]p\cp∞m\hpw

(11:1˛44) Poh\pw

(1) Im\mhnse A¤pXw (2:1-1). ASbmfßfpsS Bcw`ambn CXp

sNbvXp. ]Zm¿∞Ønt∑¬ (Nature) tbipInkvXphn\p≈ i‡nbpw

B[n]Xyhpw kqNn∏n°p∂p. sh≈w, \nbaØn¬ A[njvTnXamb

]gb aXsØ kqNn∏n°p∂p. kphntijØn¬ A[njvTnXamb

]pXnb aXw hcpØp∂ ]cnh¿Ø\amWv, ho™mbn cq]m¥cs∏-

Sp∂Xp kqNn∏n°p∂Xv. ho™p kt¥mjØns‚ ASbmfamWv.

InkvXob PohnXØn¬ B\µhpw kt¥mjhpw A\p`hthZyamWv.

(2) cmP`rXys‚ aIs\ kuJyam°p∂Xv (4:46˛54). acWmk∂-

\mbn InS∂hs\ tbiphns‚ hm°psIm≠v kzÿ\m°p∂p. tbip-

hns‚ hm°pIƒ i‡hpw, Poh≥ \¬Ip∂XpamWv. F∂m¬ Cu

kw`hØn¬ hnizmkØn\p≈ ÿm\w ]Xy£amWv. "tbip ]d™

hm°p hnizkn®v B a\pjy≥ t]mbn' (4:50). kºq¿Wambn InkvXp-

hns\ hnizkn°pIbpw Ah\n¬ Biba¿∏n°bpw sNøptºmƒ

kzÿX e`yamIp∂p.

(3) ap∏sØ´p h¿jw Xf¿∂pInS∂h≥ kzÿ\mIp∂p (5:2˛9).

t_sYkvZm IpfØn\cnIn¬ Ah≥ 38 h¿jambn kuJy]m]vXn

BKln®p Ign™p. tbiphns‚ Hcp hm°ptI´ amXbn¬ Ah≥

kzÿ\mbn.

Cu a\pjy≥ i‡n \jvSs∏´h\mbn Ign™pIqSn. AXp hos≠-

Sp°phm≥ Ah≥ kzbw A]m]vX\mbncp∂p. F∂m¬ InkvXp AXv

Ah\p \¬In.

(4) A©∏w sIm≠v AømbncsØ ]pjvSns∏SpØp∂Xv (6:4˛13).

\mep kphntijßfnepw s]mXphmbn´p≈ GI A¤pXw CXp

amXamWv. CXnt\mSp kam\ambn as‰m∂pIqSn kaho£Wkphn-

tijßfnep≠v (Gg∏w sIm≠v \membncsØ Xr]vXns∏SpØp-

∂Xv). tbip ]pcpjmcØns‚ imcocnI hni∏v AS°p∂p. AXn¬-

°qSn Pohs‚ A∏w AhnSp∂msW∂p hniZoIcn®p. hnizkn®v Ahn-

SpsØ ASp°¬ hcp∂h≥ kwXr]vX\mIpw. Pohs‚ A∏amb

InkvXp kzbw Xs‚ P\Øn\p \¬Ip∂Xv hn. Ip¿_m\bn¬ IqSn-

bmWv.

125]Imi-Øn-te°v

(5) ISent∑¬ \S°p∂Xv (6:16˛21). kaho£W kphntijß-

fn¬ CtX IaØn¬ Xs∂ \¬Inbncn°p∂p. Aednadnbp∂ Ae-

bmgn, `bNInXcmb injy∑m¿. InkvXp Ahsc kao]n®v ss[cy-

s∏SpØp∂p. AhtcmsSm∂n®p bmX sNbvXv D±njvS ÿm\Øv

FØn°p∂p. InkvXp \ΩpsS klbmXnI\pw, hgnIm´nbpw ss[cy-

s∏SpØp∂h\pamIp∂p.

(6) ]ndhn°pcpSs\ kuJyam°p∂Xv (9:1˛7). tbipInkvXp

temIØns‚ shfn®amIp∂p F∂ kXyw shfns∏SpØn (9:5).

tbip IpcpSs\ kuJyam°p∂Xv im_XnemWv. F∂m¬ ]coi-

∑m¿ AXp im_Xp ewL\ambn Ip‰s∏SpØn. \∑sb Xn∑bmbpw,

Xn∑sb \∑bmbpw ImWp∂ AhcpsS Bflobm‘X ChnsS ]I-

Sn∏n°p∂p. kuJyw ]m]n®hs\ Ah¿ kp\tKmKn¬\n∂p `jvS-

\m°n. CtX∏‰n tbip ]d™ hm°pIƒ it≤bamWv (9:35˛41

ImWpI). IpcpS¿ ImgvN ]m]n®p; ImgvNbps≠∂p IcpXnbh¿ (]co-

i∑m¿) A‘cmbnØpScpIbpw sNbvXp.

(7) emkdns\ Dbn¿∏n°p∂Xv (11:1˛44). kaho£W kphntij-

ßfn¬ Cu kw`han√. kam\amb a‰p c≠p kw`hßfp≠v (bmbo-

tdmkns‚ aIsfbpw, \bo≥]´WØnse hn[hbpsS aIs\bpw

Dbn¿∏n°p∂Xv). emk¿ tcmKnbmsW∂dns™¶nepw Atßm´p

t]mIp∂Xp a\x]q¿∆w Xmakn∏n®p. ImcWw CXn¬°qSn Xs‚

alXzw shfns∏SpØphm≥ AhnSp∂v Dt±in®p. acn®p \mepZnhkw

Ign™pamXamWv tbip s_Ym\ybn¬ emkdns‚ I√dbv°¬

FØp∂Xv. XpS¿∂p≈ kw`mjWØn¬°qSn tbipInkvXp ]p\-

cp∞m\hpw Poh\pamIp∂p F∂pw X∂n¬ hnizkn°p∂ Ghscbpw

AhnSp∂v bpKm¥yØn¬ Dbn¿sØgpt∂ev]n°psa∂pw shfns∏-

SpØn.

tNmZyßƒ

1. Cu kphntijØn¬ A¤pX]hrØnIƒ°v ""ASbmfßƒ''

F∂p ]dbp∂p. F¥psIm≠v?

2. tbml∂m≥ sXcs™SpØ Ggv A¤pXßƒ°v F¥p ]m[m

\yw At±lw \¬In?

3. kaho£W kphntijßfpw tbml∂m\pw XΩn¬ A¤pX

ßƒ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xn¬ F]Imcw, hyXykvXambncn°p∂p?

126 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

]mTw 5

amfnIbn¬ sNbvX ]`mjWw

]`mjW ]›mØew kw`mjW e£yw acWhpw ]p\-

cmKa\hpw tbiphpw A\pKmanIfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w

alm ]ptcmlnX ]m¿∞\

kphntijØns‚ ]¥≠mw A≤ymbw hsc tbiphns‚ ]cky-

amb ]h¿Ø\ßfpw ]t_m[\ßfpamWv. AXn\ptijw 13 apX¬

17 hsc A≤ymbßƒ injy∑mcpambn amXw \SØp∂hbmWv.

A¥yambn injy∑mcpsamØv AØmgw Ign°bpw, AhcpsS Imep-

Isf IgpIns°m≠v hn\bØns‚bpw tkh\Øns‚bpw DØa-

ZrjvSm¥w \¬IpIbpw sNbvXp. IuZminIamb Hcp ]m[m\yw Cu

kw`hØn\p≈Xp apºp \mw I≠n´p≈XmWv.

AØmgsØ XpS¿∂p≈ kw`mjWw; s]klmbpsS s]cp\mƒ

BNcn°ptºmƒ IpSpw_Øns‚ Xeh≥ ]q¿hIme NcnXØnte°p

(]pd∏mSv) Xncn™pt\m°n Zo¿Lamb ]`mjWw \SØmdp≠v.

AXn\p kam\ambn ChnsS InkvXp kpZo¿Lambn kwkmcn°p∂p.

Cu mKw kaho£W kphntijßfn¬ C√mØXmWv. I¿Ømhp

Xs∂ kwkmcn®XmtWm? AtXm tbml∂m≥ \SØp∂ cN\-

bmtWm? CXns‚ C∂sØ cq]Øn¬ tbml∂m≥ cNn®Xp Xs∂.

]t£ tbiphns‚ hm°pIfpsS ASnÿm\Ønepw D∞m\w sNbvXv

k`bn¬ Pohn°p∂ InkvXphnt\mSp≈ sFIyØnepw, InkvXp

]d™ kIeXpw D]tZin®psImSp°p∂ ]cnip≤mfl t]cWbmepw

tbml∂m≥ FgpXp∂Xmbn´pthWw a\ nemt°≠Xv. kphnti-

jØns‚ BZy`mKØv (A. 2-˛12) "\mgnIsb'∏‰n (hour) tbip ]e-

t∏mgpw kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. X∂n¬ ssZhalXzw shfns∏Sphm\p≈

"\mgnI'bmWv. c≠mw `mKØv (A. 13 apX¬) B "\mgnI' h∂p

Ign™p F∂p kphntijI≥ ka¿∞n°p∂p. "]nXmhns‚ ASp-

°¬ t]mIphm\p≈ \mgnI h∂p F∂p tbip Adn™n´v (13:1);

]n∂oSv ]dbp∂p "Ct∏mƒ a\pjy]pX≥ alXzs∏´ncn°p∂p;

ssZhhpw Ah\n¬ alXzs∏´ncn°p∂p' (13:31). CXp kwkmcn®n´p

kz¿KØnte°p t\m°n ]d™sXs¥∂m¬, "]nXmth, \mgnI h∂n-

cn°p∂p; \ns‚ ]pX≥ \ns∂ alXzs∏SptØ≠Xn\p ]pXs\

alXzs∏SptØWta' (11:1). IqipacWamWv "alXzw' shfns∏Sp∂

127]Imi-Øn-te°v

\mgnI. AXv DSs\ kw`hn∏m\ncn°p∂p. AXn\p apºmbn´v lrZb-

kv]¿inbmb Cu hnShmß¬ ]`mjWw \¬Inbncn°p∂p (A.

14˛17). hmkvXhØn¬ D∞nX\mbn alXzoIcn°s∏´ I¿Ømhmb

InkvXphns‚ hm°pIfpsS [z\nbmWv ChnsSbp≈Xv.

InkvXp Ahsc hn´pt]mIptºmƒ Ah¿°p≠mIp∂ A\p`-

hsØ ASnÿm\am°nbmWv Cu ]t_m[\w. InkvXob k`bv°v,

kphntijw cNn°ptºmƒ t\cntS≠nbncp∂ A\p`hßfpsS ]Xn-

[z\nbp≠v. blqZP\Xbn¬\n∂pw "temIØn¬ \n∂pw' Dbcp∂

`ojWnbpw iXpXbpw N¿® sNøp∂p. InkvXphn¬ hnizkn°p∂-

hsc blqZm kp\tKmKn¬ \n∂p _lnjvIcn°psa∂p amXa√

Ahsc sIme sNøp∂Xp aX]camb Hcp I¿Ωambn IW°m°p-

sa∂p t]mepw (12:2) IcpXn. tbiphn\p t\cn´ FXn¿∏pIfpw ]oUbpw

AhnSpsØ k`bv°pw t\cnSpw.

Xs‚ ]ckyipiqjbpsS ImeØv Chsb∏‰n H∂pw ]dbmXncp-

∂Xv AhnSp∂p AhtcmSp IqSn D≠mbncp∂Xn\memWv. Ct∏mƒ

Ahsc hn´pt]mIptºmƒ AXp ]dtb≠ kabambn. Cuhn[amWv

tbml∂m≥ Cu ]`mjWsØ AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

InkvXphns‚ acWhpw ]p\cmKa\hpw (A. 14). tbipInkvXp-

hns‚ acWw Bk∂ambncn°p∂p. AXp AhnSp∂p \∂mbn´dn™n-

cp∂p. injy∑m¿ Ass[cys∏ScpsXt∂m¿Ωs∏SpØp∂p. Ahn-

SpsØ acWw ]nXmhns‚ k∂n[nbnte°p t]mIp∂XmWv. F∂m¬

AhnSp∂p ho≠pw hcpw F∂p ]dbp∂p. "Rm≥ \nßsf A\mYcmbn

hnSpIbn√. Rm≥ \nßfpsS ASp°¬ hcpw' (14:18). CsX¥ns\

kqNn∏n°p∂p? taLmcqV\mbn Imlf[z\ntbmSpw ][m\ ZqXs‚

i_vZtØmSpw bpKm¥yØn¬ ]Xy£s∏Sp∂XmWv. tbml∂m≥

Aßs\b√ ChnsS A¿∞am°p∂Xv. bpKm¥yØnse ]p\cmKa\w

tbml∂m≥ hnkvacn°p∂ns√¶nepw ChnsS kqNn∏n°p∂Xv

D∞m\w sNbvX InkvXp, ]cnip≤mflmhn¬ IqSn k`bn¬ h∂p

hkn°p∂XmWv. "\nßƒ Fs∂ kvt\ln°p∂p F¶n¬ Fs‚

Iev]\ ImØpsIm≈pw. F∂m¬ Rm≥ ]nXmhnt\mSp tNmZn°pw.

Ah≥ kXyØns‚ Bflmhv F∂ as‰mcp Imcyÿs\ Ft∂°pw

\nßtfmSpIqsS Ccnt°≠Xn\p \nßƒ°p Xcpw' (tbml. 14:15˛16,

25, 26 ImWpI). tbiphn¬ ]ISamb AtX kvt\lw Ahcn¬ hym]-

cnt°≠nbncn°p∂p. ]cnip≤mfl ssNX\yw CXp ssIhcpØpw.

128 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

tbiphpw injycpw XΩnep≈ _‘w (A. 15, 16)

h¿Øam\Imem\p`hØnte°p i≤sb £Wn®psIm≠p hnizm-

knIfpw InkvXphpw XΩnepw, k`bpw, I¿Ømhpw XΩnepw D≈

_‘sØ∏‰n hy‡-am-°p-∂p. ]gb\nbaØn¬ ap¥ncns®SnbpsS

ZrjvSm¥amWv kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv (k¶o. 80-:8˛19). "Rm≥ km£m¬

ap¥ncnh≈nbpw Fs‚ ]nXmhp tXm´°mc\pw BIp∂p' (15:1). tbip

Xs∂bmWv bYm¿∞ ap¥ncn AYhm bYm¿∞ bnkmtb¬ (ssZh-

P\w). B \nebn¬ tbiphn\p c≠p _‘ßfp≠v. H∂maXp ssZh-

tØmSv; c≠maXp Xt∂mSv hnizmkØn¬ kwtbmPn°s∏´htcmSv.

X∂n¬\n∂p PohssNX\yw hnizmknIfnte°p ]hln°p∂p. Xm≥

Ahcnepw Ah¿ X∂nepw hkn°p∂p. ap¥ncns®Sn ]pds∏Sphn-

t°≠ ^ew kvt\lw (agape) BWv.

F∂m¬ k`bmIp∂ kaqlsØ temIw tZzjn°bpw ]oUn∏n-

°bpw sNøpw. kvt\lØn¬ A[njvTnXamb Hcp bYm¿∞ kaqlw

DSseSp°ptºmƒ temIw AXns\ hntZzjn°pw. Aßs\ hnizmkn-

Iƒ hntZzjhpw ]oUbpw A\p`hn°ptºmƒ Ah¿ AicWtcm

A\mYtcm Bbncn°bn√. "Bizmk]Z≥' (]md°eoØm) Ah-

tcmSpIqsS Bbncn°pw. tbml∂m≥ amXw D]tbmKn°p∂ Hcp ]Z-

amWp ]md°eoØm (Paracletos) F∂p≈Xv. AXn\v Bizmk]Z≥,

Imcyÿ≥, D]tZjvSmhv, klmbn Fs∂√mw A¿∞ap≠v. ]cnip≤m-

flmhns\ "as‰mcp' Imcyÿ≥ (tbml. 14:16) F∂p ]d™n´p≈Xn¬

\n∂v tbipInkvXp F]Imcw AhcpsS Imcyÿ\pw, klmbnbpw,

Bizmk]Z\pambncp∂pthm, AtXhn[Øn¬ ]cnip≤mflmhpw

Bbncn°psa∂mWv (InkvXphns\ ]md°eoØm F∂p hnfn®ncn-

°p∂Xv ImWpI. 1 tbml. 2:1).

k`bpsS ]Xnk‘nbn¬ AXns\ \bn°p∂Xpw i‡ns∏SpØp-

∂Xpw ]cnip≤mflmhmbncn°pw. AtXkabw ]cnip≤mflmhv

temIsØ \ymbw hn[n°bpw sNøpw. tbipInkvXp PUØnem-

bncp∂t∏mƒ sNbvX c£bpsSbpw \ymbhn[nbpsSbpw ]h¿Ø\-

ßƒ Ct∏mƒ ]cnip≤mflmhp sNøp∂p. Bflmhv InkvXphns‚

D]tZißsf A\pkvacn∏n°bpw ]p\cmJym\w \SØpIbpw sNøpw.

`mhnbnte°p InkvXphns‚ shfn®Øn¬ \bn°p∂Xpw Bflm-

hmWv.

129]Imi-Øn-te°v

alm]ptcmlnX ]m¿∞\ (A. 17)

apºp≈ c≠v A≤ymbßfn¬ k` kvt\lØn¬ A[njvTnXamb

Hcp kaqlsa∂ \nebn¬ ]h¿Øn°p∂Xmbpw AXns\ \bn°p-

hm≥ ]cnip≤mflmhv AXn¬ hym]cn°p∂Xmbpw hnhcn®p. Ct∏mƒ

k`sb∏‰nbp≈ ]Xo£Ifpw Nn¥Ifpw F√mw at\mlcamb Hcp

]m¿∞\bn¬ kamlcn°p∂p. A∂p≈ k`sb amXa√, ap∂n¬

ImWp∂Xv. `mhnbn¬ cq]wsIm≈p∂ ]q¿Wk`tbbpasX.

Cu ]m¿∞\sb alm]ptcmlnX ]m¿∞\sb∂p hntijn-

∏n°mw. \ΩpsS Bflm°fpsS alm]ptcmlnX\mb InkvXp Xs∂

\SØp∂ lrZbkv]r°mb ]m¿∞\bmWv. InkvXphns‚ ]XnjvTm

]m¿∞\ (Consecration Prayer) F∂pw hnfn°mdp≠v. ImcWw

InkvXp kzbw ]cabmKambn ]XnjvTn°bpw A¿∏n°bpamWv. D∞n-

X\mb InkvXp ]nXrka£w \nXm¥ambn A¿∏n®psIm≠ncn°p∂

Hcp ]m¿∞\bpsS kz`mhamWv CXn\p≈Xv.

aq∂p Imcyßƒ Cu ]m¿∞\bn¬ Dƒs°m≠ncn°p∂p.

(a) InkvXp X\n°pth≠n Xs∂ ]m¿∞n°p∂p (hm. 1˛5).

(b) InkvXp A∏kvtXme∑m¿°p th≠n ]m¿∞n°p∂p (hm.

6˛11).

(c) InkvXp km¿∆XnI k`bv°pth≠n ]m¿∞n°p∂p (hm.

20˛26).

H∂masØ `mKØv AhnSpsØ sFlnIipiqjbn¬ IqsS

]nXmhns\ alXzs∏SpØnbXpt]mse Ct∏mƒ acWØn¬°qSnbpw

alXzs∏SpØp∂p. Aßs\ X\n°p≠mbncp∂ ]q¿halXzØn-

te°p acWØn¬°qSn ]thin°phm\mWv. ]nXmhv Xs∂ G¬-

∏n® ZuXyw (]hrØn) ]q¿Æambn \ndth‰n. AXp tIhew kvt\l-

sØ∏‰nbp≈ ktµiw Adnbn°p∂X√. ]ns∂tbm kvt\lØn¬

A[njvTnXamb Hcp kaqlsØ (k`) krjvSn°p∂Xmbncp∂p.

injy∑m¿°pth≠nbp≈ ]m¿∞\bn¬ (hm. 6-˛19) Ahsc ]m]-

Øn¬ \n∂pw, AhnizkvXXbn¬ \n∂pw iXpX \nd™ temIØn¬

ImØpsImt≈Wta F∂mWv. kvt\lØn¬ ASnbpd®v AhcpsS

ZuXyw \n¿hln∏m≥ Ah¿ ]XnjvTn°s∏SWsa∂pamWv.

aq∂masØ `mKØv (hm. 20-˛26) km¿hXnI k`bv°pth≠n

]m¿∞n°p∂p. A∏kvtXme∑mcpsS t]jnXhrØnbn¬°qSn hniz-

130 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

kn®p k`bnte°p hcp∂ F√mhscbpw hn`mh\w sNøp∂p. Cu

]m¿∞\bmWv B[p\nI ImeØv FIypsa\n°¬ ]ÿm\Øn\p

t]cWbpw ]tNmZ\hpw \¬Inbn´p≈Xv. "\o Fs∂ Ab®ncn°p∂p

F∂pw \o Fs∂ kvt\ln°p∂Xpt]mse Ahscbpw kvt\ln-

°p∂p F∂pw temIw Adnhm≥, \mw H∂mbncn°p∂Xpt]mse

Ahcpw H∂mtI≠Xn∂p Rm≥ Ahcnepw, \o F∂nepambn Ah¿

sFIyØn¬ XnI™hcmtI≠Xn\p Xs∂' (17:23). AXn\p apºp≈

hmIyØn¬ "Ah¿ F√mhcpw H∂mbncnt°≠Xn\v, ]nXmth, \o

F∂nepw Rm≥ \n∂nepw BIp∂Xpt]mse Ahcpw \Ωn¬ BtI-

≠Xn\p Xs∂' F∂miwkn°p∂p.

]nXmhnt\mSpw, ]pXt\mSpap≈ sFIyØn¬\n∂mWp k`bn¬

At\ym\yap≈ sFIyw ZrVamtI≠Xv.

tNmZyßƒ

1. ]cnip≤mflmhns\ kw_‘n®v Cu mKØv (A. 14-˛16) ImWp∂

D]tZißƒ Iaambn kwKln°pI.

2. ap¥ncnh≈nbpw (15:1˛9) sImºpIfpw F∂ cq]IØn¬ \n∂v

Fs¥√mw BflnI ]mTßƒ Kln∏m≥ Ignbpw?

3. "temIw' F∂Xn\v tbml∂ms‚ kphntijØn¬ \¬Inbn´p≈

A¿∞hym]vXn hy‡am°pI.

]mTw 6

kphntijØnse

IqZmim]camb D]tZiw

IqZmi (Sacrament) a\pjymhXmcamWv G‰hpw henb IqZmi

amtamZokmbpw Ip¿_m\bpw c≠p ][m\ IqZmiIƒ a‰p

IqZmiIsf∏‰nbpw kqN\Iƒ

CXc kphntijßfpambn XmcXays∏SpØptºmƒ tbml∂m≥

IqZmiIƒ°p (hn. cl-ky-ßƒ) henb ]m[m\yw \¬Inbn´p≈-

Xmbn ImWmw. IqZmi F∂XpsIm≠p \ma¿∞am°p∂sX¥mWv?

131]Imi-Øn-te°v

\nKqVhpw clkyhpamb GtXm Hs∂∂mtWm? Aßs\sb¶n¬

amPn°pw a¥hpw B C\Øn¬s∏Spw.

_mlyhpw ]Zm¿∞hpambXn¬°qSn, AZriyamb ssZhi‡n

hym]cn°p∂p. X∑qew Ir]mhcßfpw A\pKlßfpw a\pjy\p

kwe`yamIp∂p. Cu ASnÿm\Øn¬ t\m°ptºmƒ G‰hpw henb

IqZmi ssZh]pXs‚ a\pjymhXmcamWv. BapJ`mKØv tbml-

∂m≥ C°mcyw hy‡am°p∂p. "hN\w PUsaSpØp Ir]bpw

kXyhpw \nd™h\mbn \ΩpsS CSbn¬ ]m¿Øp' (tbml. 1:14).

AZriy\pw, Bflmhpamb ssZhw, Zriyhpw ]Zm¿∞hpamb PUw

(amwkw) FSpØp. ssZhhpw a\pjy\pw InkvXphn¬ H∂mbn-

Øo¿∂p. ]Zm¿∞w (Matter) AXn¬Øs∂ Xn∑tbm tZmjtam A√,

ssZhIr] hym]cn°p∂Xn\p≈ am[yahpw D]m[nbpw B°nØo¿-

°p∂p.

IqZmim]camb D]tZißƒ°v ASnÿm\ambn a\pjymhXm-

csØØs∂ AwKoIcn®psIm≠mWp kphntijI≥ Bcw`n°p-

∂Xv. XpS¿∂p≈ mKßfn¬ amtamZokm (3:3˛5), Ip¿_m\ (6:35˛63)

F∂o ][m\ IqZmiIsf ]cma¿in°p∂p. ]tcm£ambn a‰p IqZm-

iIsfbpw kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbn Nne¿ IcpXp∂p Ipºkmcw (A\p-

Xm]Øns‚ IqZmi) tbml. 13:10; 20:22; ]utcmlnXyw 20:22; hnhmlw

tbml. 2:1˛11. "a‰p kphntijßtf°mƒ A[nIambn IqZmim]camb

D]tZiw tbml∂m\n¬ D≠v' F∂v kn. sI. _mc‰v A`n]mbs∏-

Sp∂p. CXnt\mSp tbmPn°p∂ ]finX∑m¿ hfscbp≠v. _pƒSv-

ams\t∏msebp≈h¿ tbml∂ms\ "IqZmiIƒs°Xncmbn' (Anti-Sacramentalist) AhXcn∏n°p∂p F∂ Imcyw hnkvacn°p∂n√.

amtamZokmsb∏‰n (tbml. 3:3, 5)

ho≠pw P\\sØ∏‰n, AXp sh≈Ømepw Bflmhmepw kw`hn-

°p∂p F∂p \nt°mZntamknt\mSp≈ kw`mjWØn¬ hy‡am-

°p∂p. kz¿KcmPyØn¬ ]thin°p∂Xn\v "DbcØn¬ \n∂p≈'

(ho≠pw F∂ ]ZØn\v aqe`mjbn¬ "DbcØn¬ \n∂pw' F∂p≈

A¿∞hpap≠v. Anothen (Gk) = again: from above) P\\w A\nhmcy-

amWv. AXns‚ ImcWw ]dbp∂p; PUØn¬\n∂p P\n°p∂Xv

PUamWv. Bflmhn\v amXsa Bflmhns\ P\n∏n°m≥ Ignbq.

]mIrX\nebn¬, AYhm PUkz`mhØn¬ Ignbp∂h\v, ssZhw

Ahs\ Db¿ØmØ]£w BflnI kz`mhØnte°p hcm≥

Ignbp∂X√. krjvSnbpsS Bcw`Øn¬ ssZhw s]mSnbnte°v

132 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

Pohizmkw DuXn Poh≥ \¬InbXpt]mse ]pXnb Poh≥ e`n-

°p∂Xp Znhymfl]h¿Ø\ØmetX. kz¿Kob\mb, AYhm kz¿-

KØn¬ \n∂ndßnh∂ a\pjy]pX≥ BWv ]pXpkrjvSnbm°p∂

Znhymflmhns\ \¬Ip∂Xv' (3:13˛15). AXn\papºmbn Ah≥ Iqin-

t∑¬ Db¿Øs∏SpIbpw, ]nXmhn¶te°p Itcdnt∏mIbpw thWw.

3:5 ¬ sh≈sØ∏‰n∏dbptºmƒ amtamZokmsb∏‰n BsW∂p

\n wibw ]dbmw (XotØm. 3:5; 1 ]tXm. 1:3 ImWpI). ]cnip≤m-

flmhpw Pehpw XΩnep≈ _‘w tbml∂m\n¬ ]e mKØpap≠v

(7:38, 39). D≈n¬ \n∂p ]hln°p∂ PohPe\ZnIƒ, ]cnip≤m-

flmhmsW∂p ]dbp∂p.

]ndhnbnse IpcpS\mbhs\ kuJyam°p∂ kw`hw (tbml. 9)

]coi∑mcpsS Bflobm‘Xsb XmcXays∏SpØphm≥ klmbn-

°p∂p. tbip AhtcmSv "\nßƒ IpcpS¿ Bbncp∂p F¶n¬

\nßƒ°v ]m]w C√mbncp∂p; F∂m¬ Rßƒ ImWp∂p F∂p

\nßƒ ]dbp∂XpsIm≠p \nßfpsS ]m]w \n¬°p∂p F∂p

]d™p' (9:14). F∂m¬ Cu kw`hw amtamZokmbn¬°qSn e`n°p∂

A\p`hsØ ˛ Bflob\b\ßƒ Xpd°p∂ ˛ kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbn

]e ]nXm°∑mcpw IcpXp∂p. amtamZokmbv°p \¬Inbn´p≈ t]cp

Xs∂ (Photismos) "]IminXamhpI' F∂mWv. "Hcn°¬ ]Imi\w

e`n®n´p' "\nßƒ ]Imi\w e`n®tijw' (F_m. 6:4; 10:32) F∂n-

ßs\ ]d™n´p≈Xp amtamZokmsb∏‰nbmWv. ]pcmX\amb Nne

s]bn‚nßpIfn¬ amtamZokmsb Ipdn°p∂Xn\v, IpcpSs\ kuJy-

am°p∂ kw`hw NnXoIcn®n´p≠v F∂p≈Xv ChnsS ]kvXmhy-

amWv.

"Ipfn®ncn°p∂h\v Im¬ A√msX IgpIphm≥ Bhiyan√' (13:10)

F∂ mKØv "Ipfn' amtamZokmsb°pdn°p∂XmWv. Hcn°¬ amtam-

Zokm G‰n´p≈h\v Ah≥ ]ns∂bpw ]m]w sNbvXm¬ ]m]tamN\-

Øn\p c≠maXp amtamZokm G¬t°≠ Bhiyan√ F∂p kv]jvS-

am°nbncn°p∂p.

I¿Ømhns‚ hnem∏pdØp IpØnbt∏mƒ c‡hpw Pehpw ]hln®p

(19:34) F∂p tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂Xv "tUmk‰nIv kn≤m¥'-

Øns\Xncmbn tbiphns‚ a\pjyXzw bmYm¿∞yambncp∂p F∂p

sXfnbn°m\mWv F∂p ]dbmw. AtXkabw, Pehpw c‡hpw amtamZokm,

Ip¿_m\ F∂o IqZmiIsf∏‰n ]tcm£ambn kqNn∏n°p∂Xmbpw am¿

Cuhm\ntbmkv XpSßnb k`m]nXm°∑m¿ ]Tn∏n°p∂p.

133]Imi-Øn-te°v

hn. Ip¿_m\

hn. Ip¿_m\ ÿm]\w tbml∂m≥ hn´pIf™Xp hnNnXam-

bntØm∂mw. AØmgkabØp \SØp∂ ]mZ£mf\w amXta

tbml∂m≥ hnhcn°p∂pffp. F∂m¬ A©∏w sIm≠p henb ]pcp-

jmcsØ Xr]vXns∏SpØp∂ kw`hhpw, AtXØpS¿∂p kz¿KØn¬-

\n∂p≈ Poh≥ \¬Ip∂ Poh\p≈ A∏sØ∏‰n kpZo¿Lambn

]Xn]mZn°p∂Xpw hn. Ip¿_m\tbmSp _‘s∏SpØnb√msX a\-

nem°phm≥ km[ya√ (6˛mw A≤ymbw ImWpI). tbipInkvXp

Ip¿_m\ ÿm]n®Xpw, hnip≤ k` AXp XpS¿∂v A\pjvTn®Xpamb

]›mØeØn¬ amXta Bdmw A≤ymbØnse hnhcWw Kln-

°m≥ Ignbq.

(a) kw`hØns‚bpw, kw`mjWØns‚bpw ]›mØew: blqZ-

∑mcpsS s]klm Bk∂amb kabØmWv A¤pXw \S°p∂-

sX∂v tbml∂m≥ FSpØp]dbp∂p (6:3). XpS¿∂p≈ kw`mjWw

\S°p∂Xv I∏¿∂lqanse kp∂tKmKn¬ h®pw. B kµ¿`Øn¬

kp∂tKmKnse hmb\bv°p≈ thZ`mKw a∂msb°pdn°p∂ thZ`m-

Kambncp∂p F∂v a\ nem°mw (]pd. 16; kwJym.11). Aßs\sb-

¶n¬ kz¿Kob a∂msb∏‰n ˛ Poh\p≈ A∏sØ∏‰n ˛ D]tZin°p-

hm\pw G‰hpw A\ptbmPyamb kµ¿`ambncp∂p.

(b) A¤pX]hrØnbpsS hnhcWw: ]pcpjmcsØ A¤pXIc-

ambn t]mjn∏n® kw`hhnhcWw, Ip¿_m\ÿm]\sØ∏‰nbp≈

hnhcWhpambn XmcXays∏SpØptºmƒ ASpØ km[¿ayw ImWmw.

"]ns∂ tbip A∏w FSpØphmgvØn, Ccp∂h¿°v ]¶n´psIm-

SpØp' (tbml. 6:11).

Ip¿_m\ ÿm]\sØ∏‰n "]ns∂ Ah≥ A∏w FSpØp

kvtXmXw sNbvXp apdn®v Ah¿°p sImSpØpsIm≠v Acpfns®bvXp'

(eqt°m. 22:19).

A¤pXhnhcWØn¬ tbml∂m≥ ImWn®n´p≈ Hcp khnti-

jX it≤bamWv. A¥yAØmgØnse t]mse kvtXmXw sNbvX-

tijw A∏°jWw tbip Xs∂ hnXcWw sNøp∂Xmbn´mWv. P\-

ßfpsS kwJy t\m°ptºmƒ InkvXp Xs∂ hnXcWw sNøpI

kzm`mhnIa√. injy∑m¿ hgn Bbncn°Ww sImSpØXv. F∂m¬

tbml∂m≥ hcpØnb am‰w Ip¿_m\tbmSp≈ kmayw sIm≠p-

hcp∂Xn\mbncn°Ww. A¥yAØmgØnse ]hrØnbpw, A∏w

134 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

h¿≤n∏n°epw XΩn¬ Hcp henb _‘w BZyIme kphntij-

tLmjWßfn¬Øs∂ shfns∏SpØnbncn°Ww.

(c) Pohs‚ A∏sØ°pdn®p≈ kw`mjWw: A∏w h¿≤n-

∏n°ens‚ ]›mØeØn¬ Pohs‚ A∏Ønte°p P\ßfpsS i≤

£Wn°p∂p. Ah¿ \nXyPoh\nte°p \bn°p∂ A∏w At\zjn-

°p∂hcmbnØocWw. a\pjy]pX≥ AXv Ah¿°p \¬Ipw F∂p

kqNn∏n°p∂p. Ah¿ hnizkn°phm≥ X°hÆw F¥v ASbmfw

\¬Ipsa∂p≈ AhcpsS tNmZyw a∂mbpsS ]cma¿iØnte°p

\bn®p. aviolmbpsS BKa\Øn¬ a∂m e`n°psa∂ ]Xo£ blq-

Z∑mcn¬ D≠mbncp∂p. kz¿KØn¬ \n∂v Cdßn Poh≥ \evIp∂

A∏sØ∏‰n ]dbptºmƒ hn. Ip¿_m\sb∏‰n ]t_m[n∏n°phm≥

Ahkcap≠mbn.

Cu ]`mjWØn¬ c≠p mKßƒ ImWmw. (1) 6:35˛50. (2) 6:51˛58.

Ch c≠pw XΩnep≈ hyXymkw I≠p]nSn°m≥ ]finX∑m¿ ian-

®n´p≠v. c≠p `mKØpw hn. Ip¿_m\sb∏‰n ]Xn]mZn°p∂Xmbn

thWw a\ nem°phm≥. BZy`mKØv "tbiphns‚ ASp°¬ hcn-

Isbt∂m', "tbiphn¬ hnizkn°pI Ft∂m' BsW¶n¬ c≠m-

asØ mKØv "Fs∂ £n°p∂h≥ Ft∂m', "`£n°pIbpw ]m\w

sNøpIbpw' Ft∂m BWv. c≠nepw kqN\ hnip≤ Ip¿_m\bn¬

IqSnbp≈ A\p`hw Xs∂.

Ip¿_m\ hnizmktØmsS `£n°Ww. km[mcW `£Ww

t]mse CXns\ IW°m°nsb∂p hcmw. AXpsIm≠v hnizmk-

tØmsS £n°p∂h¿°v amXta Cu A∏w Pohs‚ A∏ambn A\p-

`hs∏SpIbp≈p F∂v FSpØp]dbp∂p (6:40, 47). ssZhØns‚

Zm\amWp hnizmksa∂pw, AXp ssZhw \evImsX Hcph\p≠mIpI

Akm≤yamsW∂pw Xd∏n®p]d™psIm≠p hnizmkØns‚

]m[m\yw hy‡am°p∂p.

"amwkw `£n°pI', "c‡w ]m\w sNøpI' F∂o ]tbmKßƒ

blqZ ]mcºcyØn¬ ]Xntj[m¿lamWv. AXpsIm≠v 6:53 ¬

"\nßƒ a\pjy]pXs‚ amwkw Xn∂msXbpw Ahs‚ c‡w IpSn-

°msXbpw Ccp∂m¬ \nßƒ°p D≈n¬ Poh≥ C√' F∂p≈ hm°p-

Iƒ hn. Ip¿_m\bpsS A¿∞Øn¬ amXta a\ nem°m≥ Ignbq.

"Rm≥ sImSp∏m≥ Ccn°p∂ A∏tam temIØns‚ Poh\p th≠n

Rm≥ sImSp°p∂ Fs‚ amwkw BIp∂p' (tbml. 6:51). CXn\p

Xpeyambn´mWv kam¥ckphntijØn¬ "CXv \nßƒ°mbn \evI-

135]Imi-Øn-te°v

s∏Sp∂ Fs‚ icocamIp∂p' (eqt°mkv 22:19) F∂p ImWp∂Xv.

hn. Ip¿_m\m\p`hØns‚ ^eßƒ: C°mcysØ∏‰nbpw Ahn-

Sp∂v kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. ][m\ambpw aq∂p eßƒ D≠v. (1) \nXy-

Poh≥ (2) ssZhhpambp≈ Iq´mbva (3) D∞m\w.

\nXyPoh≥

"Cu A∏w Xn∂p∂h≥ F√mw Ft∂°pw Pohn°pw' (6:51). Ip¿-

_m\ hgnbmbn e`n°p∂ \nXyPohs\∏‰n Bh¿Øn®v Cu mKØv

]dbp∂p≠v (hmIyw 53, 54, 58 ImWpI). Cu Pohs\ \nXyPoh≥

As√¶n¬ tbip aptJ\bp≈ Poh≥ F∂mWv hnfn°p∂Xv.

]nXmhpw ]pX\pw Pohn°p∂, Poh\nep≈ ]¶mfnØw BWnXv

(6:57).

sFIyw

"Fs‚ amwkw `£n°pIbpw, Fs‚ c‡w IpSn°pIbpw sNøp-

∂h≥ F∂nepw Rm≥ Ah\nepw hkn°p∂p' (6:56). c≠p Bf-

Xzßƒ XΩn¬ CgpInt®cp∂Xpt]mse (Interpenetration of person-alities) bp≠mIp∂ sFIyamWv. ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw XΩnep≈

]ckv]c _‘w ]pX\pw InkvXym\nbpw XΩnep≈ PohnXØn-

te°v ]kcn∏n°s∏Sp∂p. ap¥ncnØ≠n¬ sImºpIƒ hkn°p-

∂Xpt]mse InkvXphn¬ hkn°p∂ A\p`hsØ∏‰n tbml∂m≥

hnhcn°p∂p≠t√m (tbml. 15:1- 10). InkvXphnt\mSp≈ sFIyØn¬

amXta Hcp hnizmkn°v ^ew Imbv°phm≥ km[n°q. tbiphpw

hnizmknbpw XΩnep≈ ]ckv]ckvt\lhmkØns‚ hf¿®bp-

sSbpw ]h¿Ø\Øns‚bpw ÿmbnbmb ]`hÿm\amWv hn.

Ip¿_m\.

D∞m\w

"Fs‚ amwkw `£n°pIbpw Fs‚ c‡w IpSn°pIbpw sNøp-

∂h\v \nXyPoh≥ D≠v. Ahkm\ Znhkw Rm≥ Ahs\ Dbn¿-

∏n°pw' (6.54). c≠p Imcyßƒ Cu hmIyØn¬ ]dbp∂p. hn. Ip¿-

_m\ A\p`hn°p∂h\v ClØn¬ \nXyPoh\p≠v; Ahkm\Øn¬

tbip Ahs\ Dbn¿∏n°psa∂pw, bpKmt¥ym∑pJamb Hcp hmKvZm-

\hpw ]Xo£bpw ChnsS ImWmw. hn. Ip¿_m\ \ΩpsS Dbn¿∏ns‚

Dd∏mWv.

136 ]Imi-Øn-te°v

tNmZyßƒ

1. tbml∂ms‚ kphntijw IqZmiIƒ°v IqSpXemb ]m[m\yw

\¬Ip∂p ˛ sXfnbn°pI.

2. amtamZokmsb∏‰n CXn¬ ImWp∂ mKhpw ]utemkns‚ teJ

\ßfn¬ ImWp∂ mKhpambn s]mcpØs∏SpØn ]Tn°pI. tdma.

6:3˛6; Kem. 3:27. sImtem. 2:12.

3. hn. Ip¿_m\sb∏‰nbp≈ tbml∂ms‚ D]tZiw kwKln®p

]dbpI.

{]Imi-Øn-te°v...8 {]Imi-Øn-te v 5. eqt m-kns‚ kphn-tijw: km¿h-{XnI c£m-k-tµiw 60 6....

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Transcript of {]Imi-Øn-te°v...8 {]Imi-Øn-te v 5. eqt m-kns‚ kphn-tijw: km¿h-{XnI c£m-k-tµiw 60 6....