Hydro Drainage Presentation

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    FIRST

    CLASS

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    Introduction:

    Stormwater is usually collected in the streets and conveyed throughinlets to buried conduits that carry it to a point where it can be safely

    discharged into a stream, lake or ocean.

    Sewage is water-carried waste, in solution or suspension, that isintended to be removed from a community. Also known as wastewater,

    it is more than 99% water and is characterized by volume or rate of flow,

    physical condition, chemical constituents and the bacteriological

    organisms that it contains. Sewage may be collected from homes by

    pipes into septic tanks or cesspits, where it may be treated or collected

    in vehicles and taken for treatment or disposal.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesspithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesspithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septic_tankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate_of_flowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volumehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewater
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    Drainage is the removal of water from the land surface by steamflow,infiltration. Drainage works are usually designed to dispose of the

    flow from a storm having a specified return period. Return periods of

    one or two years in residential districts and five to ten years in

    commercial districts.

    Drainage is the disposal of excess water on land (either used or in

    form of storm water). It must be distinguished from flood control

    which is the prevention of damage as a result of overflow from river.

    There are two type of system adopted for waste water collection.

    Separate sanitary and combined system. In separate sanitary system,there is a separate sewer that collects the household, commercial

    and industrial waste water and disposes them while a separate sewer

    collects the storm water and disposes it separately. In the combined

    system, both the storm water and domestic water are conveyedthrough the same pipe network.

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    IMPORTANCE OF

    DRAINAGE

    Drainage can be surface (where water is conveyed on the

    road surface and drainage channels), or subsurface (water

    flows underneath the pavement structure).Surface and

    subsurface drainage of roads critically affects their

    structural integrity, life and safety to users, and is thus

    important during highway design and construction. Road

    designs therefore have to provide efficient means for

    removal of this water.

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    Drainage facilities are required to protect the road againstdamage from surface and subsurface water. Traffic safety is

    also important as poor drainage can result in dangerous

    conditions like hydroplaning. Poor drainage can also

    compromise the structural integrity and life of a pavement.

    Drainage systems combine various natural and manmade

    facilities e.g. ditches, pipes, culverts, curbs to convey this

    water safely.

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    Background

    TAGUIG CITYPopulation

    Totalof613,343

    Averagehouseholdsizeis5

    LocatedinthesouthernsectionofMetro

    ManilaandnorthwesternshoreofLagunade

    Bay

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    Bordered by Makati City, Pateros and PasigCity on the north, Pasay City on the west,

    ParanaqueCity on the southwest,Muntinlupa

    City on the south, Cainta and Taytay on thenortheast, and Laguna de Bay on the east.

    NapindanRiver,atributaryofthePasigRiver,

    formsthecommonborderofTaguigandPasig

    City. Taguig River, another tributary of the

    Pasig River, cuts through the northern half of

    theCity.

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    VICINITY MAP

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    PROPOSED DESIGN

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    CONTOUR MAP

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    PARAMETERS:

    Peak Flow

    M=5/p0.2 Babbit Formula: where P= population in thousand

    Recommended values of m should not be more than 5.0 nor less than

    1.5. Minimum flows are calculated in similar manner as the peak flows.

    Peak factor = 5.

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    Hydraulic Design Criteria

    The computation for the required, pipe sizes should be based on the

    Mannings Flow Formula. The mannings equation in the SI System is

    Where: V = velocity of Flow, m/s

    n = Mannings roughness coefficient

    R = Hydraulic radius, m

    S = Slope, m/m

    A design value of n = 0.013 should be used for concrete, verified clay,

    and plastic sewer.

    V=R2/3 S1/2 / n

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    Slope

    The slope of the main stream controls the velocity of flow in the

    channel.

    SLOPE=upper elev. lower elev. / length

    where length is the distance between the center of manholes.

    For sewers flowing full:

    Q=VA x (.31)D2/3 S1/2 / n

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    a eo Calculation:

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    amp eCalculation:

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    CONCLUSION:

    Proper drainage is an important factor to consider in local

    households or industrial plants. The treated or untreated waste could

    be used as a source of irrigation, supplement stream or river flow

    and could be used as a source of recharge for ground water.

    Drainage failure may lead to flooding and health problems such asinfections or diseases due to contaminated water. Health issues may

    be prevented by proper treatment of water before disposal and a

    proper drainage plan can be done by a drainage expert/engineer.

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    Recommendation

    Design Standards for Sanitary and water systems must be followed.Researching the historical background of the area is also a requirement to

    determine the problems encountered by the area and how to avoid having them

    again.The pipe is assumed to flow full under conditions of steady flow, uniform flow.

    Pipe sizes should not decrease in the downstream direction even thoughincreased in slope may provide adequate capacity in the smaller pipe. Any debris

    that enters a drain must be carried through the system to the outlet, and the

    possibility of clogging a smaller pipe with debris that may pass a larger pipe is too

    great.

    Pipe slope should conform to the ground slope insofar for minimum excavation.

    Systems must be inspected and evaluated over time to determine if any parts

    should be replaced or repaired.

    A knowledgeable expert or professional drainage engineer must be the one to plan

    for proper drainage to avoid expensive and disruptive damage.

    Treatment processes must be done before disposal to natural waters to avoidpollution.

    Ab Th

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    About The

    Author(s):

    Diane Tube Arbitrario, 3rd year BSCE of TIP-

    Mla. Being a successful Civil Engineer has

    always been her dream career in the future.

    Because she always dream of being the one to

    build her parents their dream house. Shebelieves that by hard work and faith in God,

    this dream will not be far from coming true.

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    Christine Joy, taking up BSCE of TIP Manila,

    19years old born on Dec 25 1992. She is aperson with a clean heart, peace of mind andtrustworthy. All the challenges and problemsopens her mind that to be strong. And dont

    lose hope because tomorrow is another day,another chance in my life. Her parents and

    grandmother is proud of her. And she hope ifshes already graduated as a full-fledgedengineer she hope to be an inspiration to heryounger brother and sister. She wants to showthem that there are no obstacles big enough to

    prevent from reaching their goal. Once youbecame successful dont forget God and the

    people who helped and support you and thosewho love you.

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    PHOTO ESSAY: