Hipertension arterial en tiempos de crisis
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Transcript of Hipertension arterial en tiempos de crisis
Tratamiento de la hipertensión arterial en
tiempos de crisis• Dr. Martin Velarde
• MASVH MASVC MAAVA• CARDIOLOGO CLINICO 2015
■ Prevalencia:
. ~ 40% de la población adulta.
. Un billón de hipertensos en el mundo.
. Desigualdad en el control entre países■ . Aéreas rurales y zona de bajo ingreso peor.(PURE)
. 85 con riesgo cardiovascular añadido
Aumento en comorbilidades : DM , Obesidad……■ .Alta tasa de abandono al tratamiento
. Aumento en el daño a órgano blanco aunado al envejecimiento.
Venezuela : seguimos con pobre control.
Sources: Gaziano TA, et al. J hypertens 2009;27:1472-1477;Mendis S, Puska S, Puska P, Worrving B,editors. Global atlas on cardiovascular disease prevention and control. Genova .Switzerland: World Health organization; 2011.
La Hypertensiòn
4
Dedicated to the Assessment, Prevention, and Control of Hypertension Globally
The WHL is a charitable organization comprised of national and regional hypertension societies
High Blood Pressure: Why Prevention and Control are Urgent and Important – A 2014 Fact Sheet From the World
Hypertension League and the International Society of Hypertension
“High Blood Pressure: Why Prevention and Control are Urgent and Important – A 2014 Fact Sheet from the World Hypertension League and the International Society of Hypertension. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jch.12372/abstract
Silva H, Hernández-Hernández R et al, Am J Ther, 2009
HypertensionTreatment and Control
83.3
23.9
76.1
61.0
28.8
12.0
46.7
71.1
Almos
Almost 80 % of hypertensives in Latin America are not in control
Cardiovascular Drug Use for Secondary Prevention Among Patients
With CHD or Stroke, by Nation Economic Status
CV drug category High-income (%) Upper-middle income (%)
Lower-middle income (%)
Low-income (%) Overall
Antiplatelets 62.0 24.6 21.9 8.8 25.3
Beta blockers 40.0 25.4 10.2 9.7 17.4
ACE inhibitors or ARBs 49.8 30.0 11.1 5.2 19.5
BP-lowering agents 73.8 48.4 37.4 19.2 41.8
Statins 66.5 17.6 4.3 3.3 14.6
ELEGIR ENTRE
Tiacida I-ECA ARA II Βetabloqueador
CalcioAntagonista*
Tratamiento de la Hipertensión, no complicada sin factores de riesgo adicionales con cifras de
PA <160/100mmHg
ARA II MEJOR TOLERADOS CON ALTA ADHERENCIA (ESH 2013)
Como hacemos ?
Candersartan 32mgo
Valsartan 160mgo
Olmersartan 40mg
Maracaibo
Maria Castillo 7,456,852 27/05/60
3Nixon RM et al. Int J Clin Pract May 2009; 63: 766-75
Objetivo: Comparar la eficacia antihipertensiva en términos dePAS y PAD entre los diferentes ARAII en HTA esencial
Metodología: revisión sistemática de 31 estudios (13.110 pacientes)de diseño similar publicados entre 1997 y 2008
Todos los estudios incluidos fueron aleatorizados, doble ciego,De grupos paralelos para el tto de la HTA (PAD: 90-115 mmHg)
Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) Reduction with Valsartan is Superior to Losartan and Comparable to Other ARBs
Drug and doseCandesartan 8 mgCandesartan 16 mgCandesartan 32mgIrbesartan 150 mgIrbesartan 300 mgLosartan 50 mgLosartan 100 mgOlmesartan 20 mgOlmesartan 40 mgTelmisartan 40 mgTelmisartan 80 mgValsartan 80 mgValsartan 160 mgValsartan 320 mg
n 142 329 821 531 261 3691733 145 199 275 233 32136613091
Estimate and 95% CI–10.04 (–13.89, –6.19)–12.70 (–15.32, –10.07)–15.28 (–17.75, –12.80)–11.75 (–13.91, –9.54)
–15.98 (–18.89, –13.10)–9.93 (–12.69. –7.14)
–12.01 (–13.78, –10.25)–10.88 (–15.63, –6.05)–13.98 (–18.53, –9.44)–13.98 (–16.64, –11.23)–16.50 (–19.26, –13.76)–11.52 (–14.39, –8.70)
–15.32 (–17.09, –13.63)–15.85 (–17.60, –14.12)
–18 –14 –10 –6Changes in SBP (mmHg)
Nixon et al. Int J Clin Pract 2009;63:766–75
Meta-regression analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials (n=13,110 patients) with at least one angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) arm. The meta-analysis adjusted for the influence of different baseline BP between studies. Studies ranged in duration from 6–12 weeks.Data are from baseline to follow-up
Conclusiones
Meta-análisis previos han demostrado que los ARA IITienen eficacia antihipertensivas similares
Valsartán 160mg y 320 mg es más efectivo que losartán 100mg estadísticamente significativo
Entre valsartán y el resto de los ARA II (olmesartán,candersartán, irbesartán, la eficaciaantihipertensiva fue similar
3Nixon RM et al. Int J Clin Pract May 2009; 63: 766-75
Valsartan 80mgo
Losartan 50mgo
Telmisartan 40mg
Maracaibo
Maria Castillo 7,456,852 27/05/60
Valsartan Hct 80/12,5 mg+
Bisoprolol 5mgo
Ziac 5/6,25mg
Maria Castillo 7,456,852 27/05/60
Maracaibo
Ramipril 10mgO
Valsartan 160mgO
Enalapril 20mg
farmacias del centro
Maracaibo
Maria Castillo 7,456,852 27/05/60
Estudio VALUE: Morbilidad y Mortalidaden Respondedores Precoces
*No tratados: Reducción de PAS > 10 mmHg al primer mes Tratados: Reducción de PAS al primer mes
Todos los Grupos de Tratamiento
Weber MA et al. Lancet 2004; 363: 2047–2049
Episodios cardiacosmortales y no mortales Ictus mortal y no mortal
Mortalidad total
Infarto de miocardio
Hospitalización porInsuficiencia cardiaca
0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4
Respondedoresprecoces* (n = 9336)
No RespondedoresPrecoces (n = 5663)
OR [ IC 95% ]
P < 0.05
P < 0.05
P < 0.05
© A. CocaHospital Clínico. IDIBAPSUniversidad Barcelona
Hypertension Treatment Significantly Reduced Mortality and Morbidity
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5Years
Estim
ated
Cum
ulat
ive
Inci
denc
e of
All
Mor
bid
Even
ts (%
)
VA Cooperative Study Group – Estimated Cumulative Incidence of All Morbid Events Over 5 Years
Veterans Administration Cooperative Study Group on antihypertensive agents JAMA 1970;213(7):1143-1152.
Control - Placebo
Active Treatment Groups - Diuretic-based regimen and hydralazine
Tengamos precaución con :
. Suspender Betabloqueantes (rebote)
. Clonidina ( rebote)
. Evitar combinación IECA + ARA
. Diuréticos a dosis alta (moduretic)
.Evitar Nifedipina de acción rápida.
The Human Side of Failed Hypertension Treatment
Michael A. weber, MD;1 Suzanne Oparil, MD2
From the state university of New York, Downstate College of Medicine, Brooklyn, NY; and university of Alabama, Birmingham, AL. 2013
■ CDC
■ PAHO
■ Ministries Of Health
■ Physicians
■ Pharmacists,
■ Pharmacologists
■ Epidemiologists
March 2013 Miami LAC Workshop Attendees
Society Representation:
- American Heart Association - Barbados Drug Service - InterAmerican Society of Cardiology - Latin American Federation of Obstetrics and Gynecology - Latin American Society of Hypertension - Society of Latin American Nephrology and Hypertension
From 2001 To 2009.
■ Hypertension Control Rate Nearly Doubled From 44% To 80%
■ Hypertension Registy Increase From 349,937 To 652,763 Persons .
■ Controlled Hypertension Tripled From 171.000 To 531,000.
●USA : 60% CONTROL
Six Care Proceses Implemented.
■ Evidence Based Guideline Development
■ Hypertension Registry Creation
■ Performance Measure Distribution
■ Successful Practice Dissemination
■ Single Pill Combination Therapy Promotion
■ Non-physician BP Visit Creation
Results From Kaiser Permanente
Jaffe MG et al JAMA. 2013;310(7): 699-705 doi: 10.1001/jama 2013.108769
FROM THE WORLD HYPERTENSION LEAGUE
Hypertension Prevention and Control in Latin América and the Caribbean
Pedro Ordunez, MD, PhD; Ramón Martínez, Mark L. Niebylski, PhD,MBA,MS; Norm R. Campbell, MD
From the Pan American Health Organization, Washington,DC; the World Hypertension League, Corvallis, MT; and the Libin Cardiovascular Institute, Calgary; AB, Canada
Core Set of MedicationsMEDICATION CLASS PRIMARY BACKUP
DIURETIC Chlorthalidone O HCTZ -----------------------------------
ACE INHIBITOR Lisinopril Enalapril
ARB Losartan Valsartan
CCB Amlodipine None
BB Bisoprolol Metoprolol SR
OTHER Spironolactone None
● fixed Dose combinations (single pill)ARB +CCB Losartan + Amlodipine OR Valsartan+
AmlodipineN/A
ACE INHIBITOR +CCB Benazepril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR+ DIURETIC Lisinopril +HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan ò Valsartan+HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC+ CCB Valsartan+ HCTZ+ Amlodipine N/A
●● Ideal Fixed Dose Combinations (Single Pill)
Ace inhibitor +ccb Lisinopril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR + DIURETIC Lisinopril+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + CCB Losartan + Amlodipine N/A
Prevención del AVC en Hipertensión Sistólica Aislada del Anciano. Estudio SHEP
0
Tasa acumulada
de AVC(%)
0 1 2 3 4 5Criterios de paso de placeboa tratamiento (PAS > 220 ó PAD < 90)
Placebo (44% requieren tratamiento activo)
1. CLORTALIDONA 12,5 (30%)2. CLORTALIDONA 25 (16%)3. CLORT 25 + ATENOLOL 25 (11%)4. CLORT 25 + ATENOLOL 50 (12%)
Tratamiento activo (escalonado)
9,2
5,5
P = 0,003
1
2
4
3
5
67
8
9
10
Años
SHEP. J.Am.Med.Assoc 1991; 265: 3255-3264
Core Set of MedicationsMEDICATION CLASS PRIMARY BACKUP
DIURETIC Chlorthalidone O HCTZ -----------------------------------
ACE INHIBITOR Lisinopril Enalapril
ARB Losartan Valsartan
CCB Amlodipine None
BB Bisoprolol Metoprolol SR
OTHER Spironolactone None
● fixed Dose combinations (single pill)ARB +CCB Losartan + Amlodipine OR Valsartan+
AmlodipineN/A
ACE INHIBITOR +CCB Benazepril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR+ DIURETIC Lisinopril +HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan ò Valsartan+HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC+ CCB Valsartan+ HCTZ+ Amlodipine N/A
●● Ideal Fixed Dose Combinations (Single Pill)
Ace inhibitor +ccb Lisinopril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR + DIURETIC Lisinopril+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + CCB Losartan + Amlodipine N/A
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Prop
ortio
n of
pati
ents
with
firs
t eve
nt (%
)
Composite of CV death, stroke and MI
Losartan
Atenolol
LIFE: Primary Composite Endpoint
Study Month0 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66Losartan 4605 4524 4460 4392 4312 4247 4189 4112 4047 3897 1889 901Atenolol 4588 4494 4414 4349 4289 4205 4135 4066 3992 3821 1854 876
Adjusted Risk Reduction 13.0%, p=0.021Unadjusted Risk Reduction 14.6%, p=0.009
Dahlöf B et al Lancet 2002;359:995-1003.
Number at Risk
28
24
1. VALUE2. VALIANT3. NAVIGATOR4. Val-HeFT5. JIKEI HEART6. KYOTO HEART7. VART
27. HIJ-CREATE28. E-COST29. HOPE-3*30. 4C*31. I-PRESERVE32. IDNT 33. ACTIVE-I* 34. NID-235. SUPPORT*36. COLM*37. OSCAR*38. ORIENT39. MOSES
8. VALISH*9. NAGOYA-HEART* 10. V-CARD*11. ONTARGET12. PRoFESS 13. TRANSCEND14. HALT-PKD*
*Expected enrolment‡Ongoing and completed randomized controlled trials with death or hard CV events as or part of the primary endpoint¶Valid as of December 2009
15. NCT00490958*16. LIFE17. OPTIMAAL 18. ELITE II19. RENAAL20. NCT00090259*21. VA NEPHRON-D*22. CHARM23. SCOPE24. SCAST*25. CASE-J26. ACCOST
Num
ber o
f pati
ents
Valsartan Telmisartan Losartan Candesartan Irbesartan Olmesartan Eprosartan
57,04653,247
25,019
36,940
6,777
1,405
15,693
1
2
5
4
3
78
6
11
12
1413
2021
18
16
17
2526
28
22
23
3936
35
37
38
34
33
3231
27
1Julius et al. 2004; 2Pfeffer et al. 2003; 3Califf et al 2008; 4Cohn et al. 2001; 5Mochizuki et al. 2007; 6Sawada et al 2009 7Narumi et al. 2009 [abstract at ESC]; 8http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00151229); 9http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00129233)
10http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00140790); 11ONTARGET Investigators 2008; 12Yusuf et al 2008; 13TRANSCEND Investigators 2008 14http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00283686); 15http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00490958); 16Dahlöf et al. 2002; 17Dickstein et al. 2002
18Pitt et al. 2000; 19Brenner et al. 2001; 20http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00090259); 21Fried et al 2009; 22Pfeffer et al 2003 23Papademetriou et al. 2004; 24http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00120003); 25Ogihara et al. 2008
26http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00108706); 27Laufs et al. 2008; 28Suzuki et al. 2005; 29http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00468923) 30http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00139386); 31Massie et al 2008; 32Lewis et al. 2001; 33http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00249795)
34http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00535925); 35http://clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00417222); 36Ogihara et al 2009; 37Ogawa et al 2009 38Imai et al. 2009 (Abstract F-FC313 at ASN 2009); 39Schrader et al. 2005
15
19
29
30
910
60,000
50,000
40,000
30,000
20,000
10,000
0
EL CONTINUO CARDIOVASCULAR# ESTUDIOS CON ARA2
Advance Publication by J-STAGE
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker, Valsartan,increasesMyocardial Blood Volume and Regresses Hypertrophy
In Hypertensive Patients
Hiroshi Komatsu, MD;Satoshi Yamada,MD;Hiroyuki Iwano,MD;Masako Okada,MD;
Hisao Onozuka,MD*;Taisei Mikami,MD*;Shinobu Yokoyama,AA**;Mamiko Inoue,BA**;
Sanae Kaga,BA**;Mutsumi Nishida,PhD**; Chikara Shimizu,MD**;
Kazuhiko Matsuno,MD**;Hiroyuki Tsutsui,MD
Conclusions: Valsartan,an angiotensin II receptor blocker, corrected the decreased MBV in association with regression of LVH in petients with HT
MEDICATION CLASS PRIMARY BACKUP
DIURETIC Chlorthalidone O HCTZ -----------------------------------
ACE INHIBITOR Lisinopril Enalapril
ARB Losartan Valsartan
CCB Amlodipine None
BB Bisoprolol Metoprolol SR
OTHER Spironolactone None
● fixed Dose combinations (single pill)
ARB +CCB Losartan + Amlodipine OR Valsartan+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR +CCB Benazepril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR+ DIURETIC Lisinopril +HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan ò Valsartan+HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC+ CCB Valsartan+ HCTZ+ Amlodipine N/A
●● Ideal Fixed Dose Combinations (Single Pill)
Ace inhibitor +ccb Lisinopril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR + DIURETIC Lisinopril+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + CCB Losartan + Amlodipine N/A
Core Set of Medications
Amlodipina: mecanismo antioxidante
NH2++
O2-
ONOO- HO-
H2O2
estabilización
Amlodipina
-100 veces más potente antioxidante que otros calcioantagonistas
-Tan potente antioxidante como lovastatina y más que captoprilMason RP. Am J Hypertens 1998; 11: A245
Tasa
de
even
tos
acum
ulat
iva
HR (95% CI): 0.80 (0.72, 0.90)
20% Reducción de Riesgo
Tiempo hasta 1er Evento (días)
IECA / HCTZ
CA / IECA650
526
p = 0.0002
0.10
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.00
0.16
0.14
0.12
1400120010008006004002000
ACCOMPLISH: Resultado Principal( Kaplan Melier)
ASCOT-BPLA: puntos finales
Dahlöf B, et al. Lancet. 2005;366:895-906.
amlodipina perindopril mejor atenolol tiazida mejor0.50 0.70 1.00 1.45
PrimariosIM No-fatal (incl silente) + EAC fatal
SecundariosIM No-fatal (exc. Silente) + EAC fatalTotal coronariosTotal CV (eventos y procedimientos)All-cause mortalidadCardiovascular mortalidadACV Fatal y no fatalIC Fatal y no fatal
Terciarios IM SilenteAngina InestableAngina Cronica estableEnf arterial PerifericaArritmias de riesgo de vidaNuevos casos diabetes mellitusNuevos casos insuf renal
Post hoc PF Primario + proced coronariosMuerte CV + IM + ACV
2.00
Unadjusted HR (95% CI)0.90 (0.79-1.02)
0.87 (0.76-1.00)0.87 (0.79-0.96)0.84 (0.78-0.90)0.89 (0.81-0.99)0.76 (0.65-0.90)0.77 (0.66-0.89)0.84 (0.66-1.05)
1.27 (0.80-2.00)0.68 (0.51-0.92)0.98 (0.81-1.19)0.65 (0.52-0.81)1.07 (0.62-1.85)0.70 (0.63-.078)0.85 (0.75-0.97)
0.86 (0.77-0.96)0.84 (0.76-0.92)
MEDICATION CLASS PRIMARY BACKUP
DIURETIC Chlorthalidone O HCTZ -----------------------------------
ACE INHIBITOR Lisinopril Enalapril
ARB Losartan Valsartan
CCB Amlodipine None
BB Bisoprolol Metoprolol SR
OTHER Spironolactone None
● fixed Dose combinations (single pill)
ARB +CCB Losartan + Amlodipine OR Valsartan+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR +CCB Benazepril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR+ DIURETIC Lisinopril +HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan ò Valsartan+HCTZ N/A
ARB + DIURETIC+ CCB Valsartan Amlodipina-Hct N/A
●● Ideal Fixed Dose Combinations (Single Pill)
Ace inhibitor +ccb Lisinopril+ Amlodipine N/A
ACE INHIBITOR + DIURETIC Lisinopril+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + DIURETIC Losartan+ Chlorthalidone N/A
ARB + CCB Losartan + Amlodipine N/A
Core Set of Medications
Control de Presión en Hipertensos Tratados en Atención Primaria en España
Controlpres 1995
13.0%
87.0%
Controlpres 1998
16.3%
83.7%
Controlpres 2001
28.8%
71.2%
Control PA <140/90 mmHg
Uso de Terapia Combinada
Coca A. Hipertension 2005; 22: 5-14
38.8%61.2%
Controlpres 2003
28% Combinación
29% Combinación
35% Combinación
42% Combinación
© A. CocaHospital Clínico. IDIBAPSUniversidad Barcelona
AMLODIPINA/VALSARTAN: reducción de la PASen pacientes con HTA st 2 Estudio EX-EFFeCTS
Destro et al. J.AmSocHypertens 2008:2;294-302
BRA+BCC: Eficacia
–49.6*
–39.9–43.6 –42.5
La terapia de combinación triple es superior a la terapia de combinación doble en pacientes con hipertensión severa
n=168 n=155n=155
Lacourciere et.al. J Hypertens 2009;27(Suppl 4):S119
0
–10
–20
–30
–40
–50
n=168R
educ
ción
de
la P
AS
(mm
Hg)
Amlodipina/ Valsartán/
HCTZ10/320/25 mg
Valsartán/HCTZ
320/25 mg
Amlodipina/ Valsartán
10/320 mg
HCTZ/amlodipina25/10 mg
p<0.0001p=0.0009
p<0.0001
Analisis post-hoc
Calhoun DA et al. Hypertension 2009;54:32–9*p<0.0001 vs. todas las otras combinaciones
48.354.1
44.8
70.8*
La Triple Terapia Lleva a Mas Pacientes a Alcanzar una Mayor Tasa de Control de la HTA
* p<0.0001 versus todas las otras combinaciones
n=583 n=568n=559
8070605040302010
0n=561
Tasa
de
Con
trol
(%) d
e PA
S/PA
D
(<14
0/90
mm
Hg)
(N=2,271)
Mas pacientes con triple terapia alcanzaron el control de la PA que los que recibieron terapia dual
Valsartan/HCTZ/
amlodipina320 / 25 / 10
Valsartan/HCTZ
320 / 25
Valsartan/amlodipina
320 / 10
HCTZ/amlodipina
25 /10
Calhoun-DA et al., Hypertension. 2009;54:32-39.
MIMO2010
Amlodipine-Valsartan Combination Decreases CentralSystolic Blood Pressure More Effectively Than the
Amlodipine-Atenolol CombinationThe EXPLOR Study
Pierre Boutouyrie, Assya Achouba, Patrick Trunet, Ste´phane Laurent, for the EXPLOR Trialist Group
Hypertension 2010;55;1314-1322
El estudio fue diseñado para determinar si las ventajas de los BRAA en la reducción de la PA central, sobre Atenolol permanecen significativas
cuando son combinados con Amlodipina
MIMO2010
No diferencias en PA Braquial PAS central disminuyó más en el grupo A/V(13.701.15 mm Hg ) Que el grupo A/A(9.701.10 mm Hg). Diferencia 4 mmHg
ESTUDIO EXPLOR
Hypertension 2010;55;1314-1322
Exforge: Efecto en Edema Periférico Inducido por Amlodipina
8
10
6
4
2
0
8.7%
5.4%
Inci
denc
ia d
e ed
ema
perif
éric
o (%
)
p=0.0138
3.0%
Placebo Amlodipina Exforge
38% diferencia
Datos agrupados de dos estudios con Exforge a dosis hasta de 10/320 mg y Amlodipina hasta de 10 mg REDUCCION DE EDEMA PERIFERICO COMPROBADA
n=337 n=460 n=1,437
Philipp et al. Clin Ther 2007 (publicación por Internet, 2 April 2007)
INFARTO!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
GRACIAS….