Guía Proteccion Caídas

7/31/2019 Gua Proteccion Cadas

1/47


2/472

Gu id e t o De v e l o p in g a F a llP r ot e c t io n P r o gr a m

Ta b le o f Co n t e n t s

Page

Ta bl e o f C on t e n t s . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. 1

P a r t I: I n t r o d u c t i o n . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. 3

Pa r t II: E xp la n a t io n o f t h e OS HA F a ll Pr ot e c t io n S t an d a rd . .. .. .. .. . 7

P ar t III: H ow t o De ve lo p a Fa ll P ro t e c t i on P ro gr a m. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 5

S te p 1 : D et er m in e if wa lk in g/ wor k in g s u r fa c es a r e s t ru c t u r a lly s a fe . 2 7S te p 2 : C on d u c t a fa ll p r ot ec tion h a za r d a s s e s s m en t ... ... .... ... ... .... ... . 2 8S tep 3 : E limina te the need fo r fa ll p ro tect ion , if pos s ib le . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 30S t ep 4 : S e le ct t h e a p p r op r ia t e t yp e of fa ll p r ot ec tion . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 1S t ep 5 : D eve lop r es c u e a n d r et r ie va l p r oc ed u r e s . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4 2S t ep 6 : D eve lop a wr it t en fa ll p r ot ec tio n p la n , if a p p r op r ia t e . . .. .. .. .. .. . 4 3

S tep 7 : So lic it a s s is t an ce from DFD. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 45S tep 8 : Pu r ch a s e fa ll p rot ect ion equ ip m en t .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... . 4 6S tep 9 : Deve lop a fa ll p ro tect ion equ ipmen t in s pec tion ,

m a i n t en a n c e a n d s t or a ge p r ogr a m . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4 6S tep 10 : P rovide fa ll p ro tect ion t r a in ing .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 47S t ep 11 : P ro m ot e t h e fa ll p r ot ec tio n p ro gr a m . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 9S t ep 1 2 : Mon it or t h e fa ll p r ot ec tion p r ogr a m . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 5 0

Ap p e n d ix A: Glo s sa r y o f F a ll P ro t e c t io n Ter m s . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 4 3

Ap p en d ix B: F all Pr ot e c t io n Ha za r d As se s sm e n t F or m .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. 4 6

Ap p en d ix C: F all P ro t e ct i on Tr ain i n g Ce rt i fic a t io n Re c or d . . . . .. .. . .. 4 7

Is su e d : 1 1 / 2 5 / 9 6R e vis e d : 11 / 2 4 / 9 8


3/473

Pa r t 1

I n t r o d u c t i o n

B a c k g r o u n d :

Falls a re th e secon d leading cau se of occup ationa l fata lit ies a n d d isa blin g in ju riesin t h e Un ited Sta tes . Each year, over 500 workers die in fall-related a cciden tsan d over 300 ,000 workers s u ffer a disab lin g in ju ry. Most of th ese fata lit ies a n ddisab lin g in ju ries a ccordin g to the Nation al In sti tu te of Occup ationa l Safety an dHealth (NIOSH) are the result of falls from elevations of ten (10) feet or less.

Falls can tak e place at a n y t im e an d du ring a var iety of elevated work ta sk s.

Accordin g to a recent Bu reau of Lab or Sta tis t ics (BLS) s tu dy:

Sevent een p ercent of th e workers who fell were loading an d u n loadingm aterial wh en th e fall occurr ed.

Th irteen p ercen t of th e workers who fell were in volved in op era ting,repa ir ing, clean in g or in sta llin g equipm ent .

Ten p ercent of th e workers were performing carp ent ry task s.

Th e rem aining a ctivit ies t h at resu lted in falls in clu ded pa in tin g, welding,roof work, sh eet m etal work a n d b ricklayin g.

Th e BLS su rvey also as ked p articipa n ts to des cribe th eir sp ecific movemen ts a tth e time of th e fa ll.

Twenty eight percent of the workers who fell said they were climbing upor down from an elevated posit ion or location .

Th irteen percen t of th e workers were walking at th e t ime th ey fell.

Eleven percen t of th e workers were s tepping from on e su rface toano ther.

Ten p ercent of th e workers were movin g backwar ds .


4/474

Most of th e fata lit ies a n d injuries reported in th e BLS st u dy could h ave beenavoided b y th e effective us e of fall protection m eas u res a n d equ ipm ent . Fallpro tect ion is d efin ed a s an y mean s or sys tem u sed to protect em ployees fromfalling from a n elevat ed walkin g/ working su rface. Fa ll pr otection in volves th eelim in ation, prevention an d/ or con trol of fal l h azard s.

Th e elim in ation of fall h azard s in volves t h e u se engin eerin g controls an dal terna t ive work m ethods tha t do n ot expose emp loyees to fa l l h azards su ch asth e u se of vehicle mou n ted work platforms .

Th e p reven tion of fall h azard s in volves th e ins tallat ion of gu ar dra ils , covers a n dother ba r r iers a roun d s ta i rs , floors , wal l openings , equ ipm ent a nd the edges of roofs.

The control of fall hazards involves the use of safety nets, warning lines, safetymon itor ing sys tems a n d persona l fa l l ar res t equ ipm ent su ch as body h arn esses ,

lan yards an d l ifelin es .

Goals :

Th e goals of th is m an u al are to:

1 . To elim in a t e , p re ve n t a n d / o r con t r ol fa ll h a z a r d s in o r d er t o p rot ec t th e lifean d s afety of emp loyees wh o perform work on elevated walkin g/ workingsurfaces .

2 . To im p r o ve / fa c ilit a t e s t a te wid e c om p lia n c e wit h t h e n e w O SH A F a llProtect ion S tan dard for the cons t ru ct ion ind u s try known as Su bpa r t M.

P u r p o s e :

The p u rpose of th is m an u al is to :

1 . P rovid e s t a te a ge n c ie s a n d in s t it u t ion s wit h g u id e lin e s a n d a p r o ce s s fordeveloping and implementing an effective fall protection program.

2 . S er ve a s a c om p lia n c e gu i d e fo r t h e n e w O SH A F a ll P rot ec tio n S ta n d a r dknown as Su bpar t M.

3 . In s t it u t e a p r oc es s for a ge n c ie s a n d in s t it u t io n s t o s o lic it a s s is t a n c e fr omth e Division of Fa cilities Developm en t (DFD) to elim in at e, pr event or con trolfall h azard s on exis t ing bu ildings a n d/ or to in corporate fall protectionsystem s into renovation pr ojects or the cons tru ction of n ew state-ownedbuildings.

P a r t II


5/475

E x p lan a t io n o f t h e O SH A F a l l P r o t ec t i o nS t a n d a r d (S u b p a r t M)

B a c k g r o u n d :

Th e new OSHA Fall Protection Sta n da rd for the cons tru ction indu stry, kn own a sSu bp art M, becam e effective on Febru ary 6, 1995 . Th e s tan da rd iden tifies 15ar eas or act ivities wh ere s om e type of fall protect ion is n eeded if th e poten tial falldis tan ce is s ix feet or greater. Some exam ples of work a ctivit ies th at cou ld exposesta te emp loyees to fall h azard s includ e roof repa ir or replacem ent , an d pa in tin gan d general m aintena n ce work p erformed on e levated walking/ working s u rfaces .

Em ployers a re able to select fal l protection m eas u res th at a re app ropriate for thetype of work performed . Fall protection ca n n orma lly be provided b y the u seguard rai l sys tems , safe ty n ets an d/ or personal fa l l ar res t s ys tem s .

S e c t i o n s :

Su bp art M ha s th e followin g sections :

29 CFR 192 6.50 0 - Scope, app lication an d defin it ions ap plicab le to thissection.

29 CFR 1926 .501 - Dut y to h ave fall protection.

29 CFR 1926.502 - Fal l pro tect ion sys tems cr iter ia an d p ract ices .

29 CFR 192 6.503 - Train ing requ iremen ts .

1 9 2 6 . 5 0 0 - S c o p e a n d Ap p l ic a t i o n :

Th is s ection sets forth th e requ irem ents an d cri ter ia for fall protection incon s tru ct ion workplaces covered u n der 29 CFR Par t 192 6. E x c e p t i o n : Th eprovisions of th is s ection do n ot app ly when emp loyees ar e ma king an in sp ection,in vestigation, or ass ess m ent of workp lace cond it ions prior to the actu al s tar t of work or a fter al l work ha s b een com pleted.

NOTE: OSHA allowed th is exception becau se:

Em ployees en gaged in in sp ectin g, in vestigating an d as ses sing workp lacecond itions before the a ctu al work b egin s or a fter work is com pleted a re


6/476

expos ed to fall h aza rd s for only very sh ort du ra tion, if at a ll. Th ey a lso canu su al ly accomp lish thei r work withou t going n ear th e da n ger zone.

Em ployees wh o are n ot con tin u ally or rou tin ely exposed to fall h azard s ten d tobe very focus ed on th eir footin g an d a re u su ally more aware of th e ha zards

associated with falling.

Em ployees wh o in sp ect, in vestigate or as ses s workplace con dit ions are m oreawa re of th eir proxim ity to an u n protected edge th an a roofer for exam ple wh ois m ovin g backwar ds while operating a felt layin g mach in e or a plum ber whos eatt ent ion is on overh ead p ipes a n d n ot on t h e floor edge.

Fall protection requ irem ent s for emp loyees working on:

Scaffolds are provided in Su bp art L.

Cran es an d Derr icks a re provided in Su bpa r t N.

Steel Erection a re provided in Su bp art R.

Tu n nel ing operat ions are p rovided in Su bpa r t S .

Cons tru ction of Electr ical Tran sm iss ion a n d Distr ibu tion Lin es a n dEquipmen t are provided in Su bpa r t V.

Stai rways a nd Ladd ers a re provided in Su bpa r t X.

1 9 2 6 . 5 0 1 D u t y t o h a v e F a ll P r o t e c t i o n :

G e n e r a l R e q u i r e m e n t :

Emp loyers m u s t determine if the walking/ working s u rfaces on whichemployees are to work h ave the s t ren gth a nd s t ru ctura l in tegr ity tosu ppor t them a nd th eir equipment s afe ly. Employees are not permit tedto work on bu ilding roofs an d other walkin g/ working su rfaces u n til th eemployer ha s been d etermined th at th ese su r faces h ave the requis ites t ren gth a nd s t ru ctura l in tegr ity.

Ar e a s o r a c t i v it i e s t h a t r e q u i r e fa l l p r o t e c t i o n :

Th e s tan da rd iden tifies fifteen ar eas or a ctivit ies th at requ ire fall protection.

Un p r o t e c t e d s i d e s o r e d ge s :

Em ployees p erforming work on walkin g/ workin g su rfaces (h orizon talan d vertical su rfaces ) with an u n protected s ide or edge s ix feet or more


7/47


8/478

Da n g e r ou s e q u i p m e n t :

Em ployees pos it ioned m ore s ix feet or m ore above dan gerou s equ ipm en tm u st b e protected from fallin g in to or on to the equ ipm ent b y gu ard rails

o r equ ipmen t guards .

O ve r h a n d b r i c k la y i n g a n d r e l a t e d w o r k :

Em ployees who a re perform in g overh an d b ricklayin g s ix feet or m oreab ove lower levels m u st work in a controlled a ccess zon e or be pr otectedfrom falls b y gu ard rails , s afety nets , or person al fal l arr est s ystems .

All employees reaching more than ten (10) inches below the level of theworking/ workin g su rface on which th ey are working mu st b e protectedform fallin g by the u se of gua rdra ils , p erson al fal l arr est s ystems , orsafety nets .

N o t e : Related work mea n s m as on ten ding as well as e lect r ica l work tha t m u s tbe incorporated in to the br ick wall du rin g the bricklayin g process .

Roof ing work on low-s lope ro ofs :

Em ployees who ar e p erform in g roofing a ctivities on low-slope r oofs(h avin g a s lope less th an or equa l to 4 in 1 2) m u st b e protected fromfallin g wh en t h e roof h as u n protected s ides or edges more th e s ix feetab ove lower levels b y th e u se of:

Gua rdrai ls , s afe ty nets , or p ersona l fa l l ar res t sys tems .

A combina tion of a warn in g lin e system a n d a gu ard rail system ,or a warn ing l ine sys tem a nd a persona l fa l l ar res t s ys tem, or awarning line sys tem an d a sa fe ty moni tor ing s ys tem.

N o t e : A sa fety mon itorin g system alone is s u fficien t on roofs 5 0 feet or less inwidth.

Ro o fi n g wo rk o n s t eep ro o f s :

Employees performing roofing activities on steep roofs (greater than 4 in12) m u st b e protected form fallin g when th e roof h as u n protected s idesor edges m ore th an s ix feet ab ove lower levels b y the u se of gua rdra ilsys tems with toeboards , persona l fa l l ar res t sys tems , or sa fe ty netsys tems .


9/479

P r e ca s t c o n c r e t e e r e c t i o n :

Em ployees wh o are erectin g precast con crete mem bers s ix feet or moreab ove lower levels m u st be p rotected from falls b y gu ard rail system s,

sa fety n ets , or person al fal l arr est s ystems .

R e s i d e n t i a l c o n s t r u c t i o n a c t i v i t i e s :

Employees involved in residential construction activities six feet or moreab ove lower levels m u st b e protected by gu ard rail system s, sa fety nets ,or personal fal l arrest systems.

Wal l open ings :

Em ployees wh o are pos it ioned on, a t , ab ove, or nea r wall openingswhere th e ou ts ide bottom edge of th e wall opening is s ix feet or m oreab ove lower levels (an d th e in side b ottom edge of th e wall open ing is lesstha n 39 inches above the walkin g/ workin g surface) mu s t be protectedfrom falls b y gu ard rails , s afety nets , or person al fal l arr est s ystems .

Wa lk i n g / Wo r k i n g s u r fa c e s n o t o t h e r w i s e a d d r e s s e d :

Em ployees working on walkin g/ workin g su rfaces s ix feet a bove lowerlevels th at a re not o therwise a ddress ed ab ove mu st be p rotected by theu se gu ardra ils , s afe ty nets , or fa l l ar res t sys tems .

Pro t ec t i o n f ro m f a l l i n g o b j ec t s :

Th e emp loyer m u st h ave employees th at a re exposed to fallin g objects wear ah ard h at a nd m u st a lso imp lemen t one of the fo llowing m easu res :

Erect toeboards , screens or gu ard rail system s to prevent objects fromfalling from higher levels.

Erect a can opy s t ru cture s t ron g enou gh to prevent pen etra t ion by any

object tha t m ight fall in to the ca n opy an d keep ob jects th at m ay falla way from th e edge of th e h igher level.

Barricade th e ar ea where objects cou ld fall, proh ibit emp loyees fromenter ing th e bar r icaded th e area a n d keep objects th at m ay fa l l awayfrom th e edge of th e h igh er level.

1 9 2 6 . 5 0 2 - F a ll P r o t e c t i o n S y s t e m s Cr i t e r i a a n d P r a c t i c e s :


10/471 0

G e n e r a l R e q u i r e m e n t :

Fall protection m u st b e provided a n d ins talled before the em ployeebegin s th e work th at r equ ires fall protection.

Gu a r d r a i l Sy s t e m s :

Gu ard rail system s a n d th eir u se m u st com ply with th e followin g provisions :

The h eigh t of the top ra il mu s t b e 42 inches +/ - three inch es ab ove thewalkin g/ workin g level. Wh en con ditions warra n t, the h eight of th e topedge m ay exceed 45 inch es provided th e guard rai l sys tem m eets a l lo ther des ign an d cons tru ct ion cr i ter ia .

Midrai ls , screen , m esh or in term ediate ver tica l memb ers m u s t b ein s ta lled between the top edges of guard rai ls an d walking/ workin gsu rfaces when there are n o wal ls or pa rapet wal ls a t leas t 2 1 incheshigh.

Gu ard rails m u st b e capa ble of with sta n ding a force of at least 20 0poun ds app lied with in 2 inch es of the top edge in an y ou tward ordownwar d direction a t an y poin t along the top edge.

Wh en 2 00 p ou n ds of downward force is a pplied, th e top edges of gu ardra ils m u s t n ot deflect to less th an 39 inches above thewalking/ working level.

Midrai ls , screen , m esh or in term ediate ver tica l memb ers m u s t b ecapa ble of withs tan ding a force of a t leas t 1 50 poun ds app lied in an ydownwar d or outwar d direction a t an y poin t alon g th e midrail or oth ermember.

Gua rdrai ls m u s t h ave sm ooth s u rfaces th at will prevent pu n ctures ,lacera tions an d s n aggin g of clothing.

The en ds of top ra i ls a n d m idra ils m u s t n ot overha ng terminal pos ts ,u nless an overha ng wou ld n ot create a pro ject ion h azard .

Steel an d p las t ic ban din g can n ot be us ed on top ra ils or m idrai ls .

Top and m idrai ls m u s t be a t leas t 1 / 4 in ch n omina l d iameter orth ickness to prevent cu ts an d lacera t ion s .


11/471 1

When gu ardra ils a re u sed in h ois t ing areas , a cha in , gate or removablegu ardra il sect ion m u s t be p laced across th e access opening whenhoisting operations are not taking place.

When gu ardra ils are u sed a t h oles , they mu st be erected on a l l

u np rotected s ides or edges .

When gu ardra ils are u sed to protect holds th at are u sed to passma ter ia ls , not m ore than two s ides ca n be protected b y removableguardrai ls .

If wire rope is u sed for top ra ils , th e rope m u st be flagged a n ot morethan 6-foot intervals with high-visibility material.

S a fe t y N e t s S y s t e m s :

Safety n et system s a n d th eir u se m u st com ply with th e followin g provis ions:

Safety n ets m u s t be ins ta lled as c lose as p ract icable bu t not m ore th an30 feet below walkin g/ working su rfaces . When nets a re us ed onbridges, the poten tial fal l area from th e walking/ workin g su rface to th en e t m u s t b e u n ob s t r u c t ed .

Safety n ets m u st exten d a way from ou term ost projection of th e work su rface a s s pecified in 1 92 6.5 02 (c)(2).

Drop tes ts m u s t be per formed on sa fe ty nets b y droppin g a 40 0 pou nd ,30 to 32 inch d iam eter bag of sa nd in to th e net from th e h ighes twalking/ working su rface (bu t n ot less th an 42 inch es).

When it is u nrea sona ble to per form a drop tes t on a n et , the emp loyer ordes igna ted comp etent person m u st cer t ify tha t the net an d n etin sta llat ion is in com plian ce with Su bp art M.

Nets mu s t be ins pected a t leas t once a week. Defect ive nets a nd pa r tsm u st b e removed from s ervice.

Mater ia ls , scrap p ieces , equ ipm ent a n d tools th at fa l l in to n ets m u s t b eremoved a s s oon as poss ib le an d a t leas t before the n ext sh ift .

Net open in gs m u s t n ot exceed 36 squ are inch es or be longer th an 6

in ches on a ny s ide. Each s afe ty net m u s t h ave a border rope with a m inimu m brea kin g

s t r ength o f 5000 p oun ds .


12/471 2

The connec t ions be tween n e t s mu s t be as s t rong as n e t componen ts an dno t more tha n 6 inches apar t .

P e r s o n a l F a ll Ar r e s t S y s t e m s :

Persona l fal l ar rest s ystem s a n d th eir u se m u st com ply with t h e followin gprovisions:

All conn ectors m u st b e ma de from d rop forged, pres sed or formed s teelor ma de of equ ivalent m aterials .

All conn ectors m u st h ave a corrosion resis ta n t fin ish .

All sur faces a n d edges m u s t b e sm ooth to prevent d am age to in ter facin gpar ts of the s ys tem with a s mooth fin ish .

D-r ings a nd sn aph ooks mu s t h ave a min imu m tens ile s t r eng th o f 5 ,000p o u n d s .

D-r in gs a nd sn aph ooks m u s t be proof tes ted to a minimu m ten s i le loadof 3 ,600 p oun ds withou t crackin g, breaking or tak ing perma n entdeformation.

Effect ive J an u ary 1 , 19 98, only locking sn aph ooks can be u sed .

Effective J an u ar y 1, 199 8, body belts will n ot be accepta ble as p art of apersonal fal l arrest system.

Lan yards an d ver t ica l life lines m u s t ha ve a minimu m breaking poin t of 5 , 0 0 0 p ou n d s .

Except during construction of elevator shafts , each employee must beatta ched to a sep ara te lifelin e.

Lifelin es m u st be pr otected from a bra sions or cu ts .

All self-retra cting lifelin es an d lan yard s which lim it th e free fall dista n ceto 2 feet or less m u s t s u s ta in a minimu m ten s i le load of 3 ,000 p oun dswith th e u n it in th e fu lly exten ded p osition . An y self-retra cting lifelin eor lan yard wh ich does n ot lim it free-fall dis tan ce to 2 feet or less m u stbe capa ble of su s ta in ing a m inimu m tens ile load of 5000 pou nd s .

All ropes a nd s t rap s u sed in lan yards , l ife lines or belts m u s t b e m adefrom syn th etic f ibers .


13/471 3

Persona l fa l l ar res t equ ipm ent a nch orage poin ts m u s t be s epara te froman y pla t form a n chorage poin ts , an d be cap able of su ppor t in g a t leas t5 , 0 0 0 p ou n d s .

P o s it i o n i n g De v ic e S y s t e m s :

Posit ioning device system s a n d th eir u se m u st comply to the followin g provisions:

Posit ioning devices m u st b e r igged su ch th at a n em ployee can n ot freefall m ore th an two feet.

Pos i t ioning devices m u s t b e secu red to an an chorage capab le of

su pp ortin g at leas t twice th e poten tial im pa ct load of an emp loyees fallor 3 ,000 poun ds , wh ichever is greater.

Con nectors m u s t b e drop forged, press ed or formed s teel, or ma de of

equivalent materials . Con nectors mu s t h ave a corros ion-res is ta nt fin ish , an d a ll su r faces an d

edges sh all be sm ooth to prevent d am age to in terfacing part s of th issys tem.

Con nect ing as sem blies mu s t h ave a m in imu m ten s i le s t rength of 5 ,000

p o u n d s .

D-r ings a nd sn ap hooks m u s t be proof- tes ted to a m inimu m ten s i le loadof 3 ,600 p oun ds withou t cracking, breaking or tak ing perma nen tdeformation.

Sn aph ooks m u s t be s ized to be comp at ib le with th e mem ber to which

they are conn ected to prevent u n in tent iona l d isen gagemen t of thesn aph ook by th e conn ected m ember, or sh al l be a locking typesn aph ook des ign ed an d u sed to prevent d isengagemen t of the sn aph ook by the conta ct of the sn aph ook by the conn ected m ember.

Warn ing Lin e S y s t e m s :

Warn in g lin e system s a n d th eir u se m u st com ply with followin g provis ions:

Th e warn in g lin e mu st b e erected arou n d a ll s ides of a roof work a rea.When mech an ical equipmen t is n ot bein g u sed , the warn ing lin e mu s tbe erected n ot less th an 6 feet from th e roof edge.

When mech an ical equipmen t is being u sed , the warn ing lin e mu s t beerected n ot less th an 6 feet from t h e roof edge tha t is pa rallel to thedirect ion of m echan ical equ ipm ent operat ion an d n ot less tha n 10 feet


14/471 4

from th e roof edge tha t is p erpen dicular to th e direction of m echa n icalequipmen t operat ion .

Points of access , m ater ia l ha nd lin g areas , s torage areas an d h ois t ingareas m u s t be connec ted to the work a rea by an acces s pa th fo rmed by

two warning lines . When the pa th to a p oin t of access is not in u se , arope, wire, cha in or oth er bar r icad e equa l in s tren gth to the warn in g lin emu st be p laced across the pa th a t the poin t where it in tersects thewarning lin e aroun d th e work area or the path mu s t be offse t in s u ch away tha t emp loyees can n ot walk directly in to the work area .

Warn ing lin es m u s t cons is t of ropes , wires or cha ins an d s u ppor t ings ta nch ions . The rope, wire or chain m u s t be flagged a t n ot more tha n 6foot in tervals with h igh-vis ibility m aterial , su ch as r ibb on or plas ticbarr ier tape .

The rope, wire or cha in mu s t be r igged an d su ppor ted in su ch a wayth at i ts lowest poin t (in clu ding sa g) is n o less th an 34 inch es from th ewalking/ working su rface an d its h ighes t poin t i s n o more than 39in ches from th e walking/ working su rface .

After being erected a n d h avin g the rope, wire or cha in att ach ed, asta n chion m u st be ca pa ble of resis t ing (with ou t t ipping over) a force of at least 16 pou n ds ap plied h orizon tally agains t it at a p osit ion 30in ches above the walking/ working su rface , perpend icular to th ewarn ing lin e an d in t h e direction of th e floor, roof or platform ed ge.

The rope, wire or chain m u s t h ave a m inimu m tens ile s t rength of 500poun ds . After being a t ta ched to the s tan chions , the rope, wire or ch ainm u st b e capa ble of su pp ortin g (with ou t brea king) a load of at least 1 6poun ds app lied h or izonta lly again s t th e s tan chion s .

The l ine m u s t be a t t ach ed a t each s tan ch ion in su ch a way tha t pu llingon on e section of th e lin e will n ot resu lt in s lack b ein g taken u p inadjacent sections before the s tanchion t ips over.

Emp loyees m u s t n ot be a l lowed in the a rea b etween a roof edge and a

warn in g lin e, u n less th ey are perform in g roofin g work th ere.

Mechan ical equipmen t on roofs m u s t b e u sed or s tored only in areaswhere emp loyees are p rotected by a warn in g lin e system , gu ard railsys tem or persona l fa l l ar res t sys tem.

Co n t ro l led Acces s Zo n e s :


15/471 5

Controlled a ccess zon es (CAZ) an d th eir u se m u st comply with th e followin gprovisions:

When u sed to contro l access to areas where leading-edge an d o th eroperations are ta king place, CAZ m u st b e defin ed by control lin es or a n

o ther m eans tha t r e s t r ic t s acces s .

When con tro l lin es are u sed , th ey mu st b e erected n ot less th an 6 feetan d n ot more tha n 25 feet from th e u np rotected or leading edge, exceptwhen erect ing precas t concrete mem bers .

When erect ing precas t concrete mem bers , contro l lines mu s t be erectednot less tha n 6 feet and n ot more tha n 60 feet or h al f the length of them emb er b ein g erected (whichever is less ) from th e leading edge.

Th e con trol lin e mu st exten d along the en tire length of th e un protectedor lead in g edge an d m u st b e app roxim ately pa rallel to the edge.

The con tro l lin e mu s t b e conn ected on each s ide to a gua rdrai l sys temor wa ll.

When u sed to contro l access to area s wh ere overha n d br icklaying an drelated work are ta king place, the CAZ mu st b e defin ed by a control lin eerected n ot less th an 10 feet an d n ot more tha n 15 feet from th e workingedge.

When u sed to contro l access to areas where overha n d b r icklayingan d related work a re tak in g place, the control lin e mu st extend for adista n ce su fficien t for th e CAZ to enclose all em ployees p erform in gth is work at th e working edge an d m u st be a pp roxim ately pa rallel tothe edge.

When u sed to contro l access to area s wh ere overha n d br icklaying an drelated work a re tak in g place, addit iona l control lin es m u st b e erected atboth en ds to enclose the zone.

When u sed to contro l access to area s wh ere overha n d br icklaying an d

related work are ta king place, on ly employees en gaged in th is work a rebe perm itted in th e CAZ. Th e con trol lin e mu st con sis t of ropes, wires ,tapes or equivalen t ma ter ia ls an d su ppor t ing s tan chion s .

Each lin e mu st be flagged or otherwise clearly m ark ed at n ot more tha n6 foot in tervals with h igh-vis ibility m aterial , su ch as r ibb on or plas ticbarr ier tape .

Each line m u s t be r igged an d su ppor ted in s u ch a way tha t it s lowes tpoin t (in clu ding sag) is n o less t h an 39 inch es from th e walkin g/ workin g


16/471 6

su rface an d its h igh es t poin t i s not more tha n 4 5 inch es from th ewalking/ working su rface . The h igh es t poin t mu s t be 50 in ches whenoverh an d br icklayin g opera tion s a re being performed .

Each l ine m u s t h ave a m in imu m break ing s t r eng th o f 200 p oun ds .

On floors an d roofs wh ere gu ard rail system s a re not in place prior to thebegin n in g of overh an d b ricklayin g opera tions , CAZ mu st b e enlarged, asnecessa ry, to enclose a l l access poin ts , ma ter ia l ha n dling area s a n ds torage areas .

On floors an d roofs wh ere gu ard rail system s a re in place, on ly tha tpor t ion of the gu ardra il necess ary to accomplish tha t da y 's work m u stbe r emoved to a llow overh an d bricklayin g work or lead in g edge work totake place.

S a fe t y Mo n i t o r i n g S y s t e m s :

Safety m onitorin g systems an d th eir u se m u st com ply with th e followin gprovisions:

The em ployer mu s t d es ignate a com petent pers on to m onitor the sa fe tyof other emp loyees in accorda n ce with th e followin g requ irem en ts:

Th e sa fety mon itor m u st be a ble to recognize fall h azard s.

Th e safe ty mon itor mu s t warn employees when it app ears th atthey are u na ware of fa l l ha zards or are act ing in an u ns afem a n n e r.

Th e safe ty mon itor mu s t be on the s am e walking/ workingsu rface a n d with in s ight of th e emp loyees h e or sh e ismonitoring.

Th e sa fe ty moni tor mu s t be c lose enou gh to comm u n icate ora l lywith emp loyees.

The safety monitor must not have other responsibil i t ies thatcould ta ke h is or her a t tent ion away from th e mon itor ingfunction.

Mechan ical equipmen t mu s t n ot be used or s tored in a reas where sa fe tym onitorin g system s a re bein g u sed to m onitor em ployees en gaged inroofing opera tions on low-slope roofs.


17/471 7

No emp loyees oth er th an th e emp loyees en gaged in roofin g work on low-sloped roofs or covered by fall protection plans are allowed in areaswhere other workers a re bein g protected by safety m onitorin g system s.

Each emp loyee working m u st b e directed to comp ly with fall h azard

warn in gs from s afety mon itors .

1 9 2 6 . 5 0 3 - Tr a in i n g R e q u ir e m e n t s :

All affected em ployees m u st b e trained an d/ or retrained in fall protection:

Before they are as sign ed to work where fall h azard s exis t a n d/ or wh erefall protection m eth ods will be u sed.

Wh enever th eir res pon sibilit ies ch an ge.

Wh enever there is a n ew fall h azard at t h e jobsite.

Wh enever new fall protection m eth ods a re in trodu ced to th e jobsite.

When ever the em ployer determines tha t the p rogram is inad equa te orthat additional fall protection is necessary.

Wh enever the em ployer h as reas on to believe tha t emp loyees h ave notacquired or retained an understanding of fall protection.

Em ployees m u st b e trained in th e followin g areas :

How to recognize the hazards of falling in their work area.

Wh at procedu res sh ou ld b e followed to m in im ize fall h azard s.

Th e training mu st b e condu cted by a comp etent p erson qu alified in th e followin ga r e a s :

Th e n atu re of fall h azard s. Th e correct procedu res for erectin g, m ainta in in g, dissem blin g an d

in sp ectin g the fall protection s ystem s u sed b y the emp loyer.

How to u se an d operate gu ardra il sys tems , safe ty net s ys tems , person alfall arr est s ystems , warn in g lin e sys tems , s afe ty moni tor ing s ys tems ,con tro lled access zon es a n d a ny o ther fa l l pro tect ion s ys tems u sed b yth e emp loyer.

Wh at r ole each emp loyee plays in th e sa fety mon itorin g system , if u sed.


18/471 8

Wh at l im itations are involved in th e u se of m echa n ical equipm en t whileperformin g roofin g work on low-sloped r oofs.

What procedures should be followed for handling and s toring equipment

an d m aterials as well as erectin g overh ead p rotection.

Wh at r ole each emp loyee ha s in a fall protection p lan .

Wh at p rocedu res s h ou ld be followed for rescu es a n d retr ieval.

Th e role of each emp loyee when a s afety mon itorin g system is u sed .

Th e em ployer m u st prepa re a writ ten cert ification th at iden tifies th e em ployeetra ined an d th e date of the t ra in ing . The emp loyer or the t ra iner mu s t s ign th ecertification record. A record mu st a lso be ma in tained b y th e employer wh en

retraining is requ ired.

Ap p e n d i ce s A t o E :

Su bp art M ha s five ap pen dices (A to E). Th ese ap pen dices , which are n on-mandatory, are intended to provide useful information and guidelines to assis t inemp loyers to comp ly with th e s ta n da rd. Th e followin g is a sh ort synops is of eachappendix .

App en d ix A - Roof Wid t h s :

Th is a ppen dix is a gu ide for complian ce with th e requ irem ent s of 19 26 .501 (b)(10 )- Roofing work on low-slope roofs. Th e app en dix explains t h at in all cas es,bu ildin gs sh ou ld be viewed looking down from a bove. Th e widt h of th e roof isth en th e na rrower of th e two prim ary dimen sions wh ich defin e the roof ar ea. Th isap pen dix was p rovided to elim in ate th e confu sion as to wh ich d im en sion of abu ilding sh ou ld b e cons idered to b e th e width of a r oof when plan n in g fallpr otection from low pitched roofs d u ring roofing work.

Ap p e n d i x B - G u a rd ra i l Sy s t em s :

Th is a ppen dix provides guidelin es for th e des ign of gua rdra il systems inaccorda n ce with th e requ irem ent s of 19 26 .502 (b)(3)(4) and (5) - Gu ard railsSystem s. However, these guidelin es do not provide all th e in forma tion n ecessa ryto bu ild a complete gu ard rail system . Th e emp loyer is s t ill resp ons ible fordes igning and a ss emblin g the componen ts in s u ch a way that th e comp letedsys tem will m eet the requirem ents of the s tan dard .

Ap p e n d i x C - Pe r s o n a l Fa ll Ar r e s t Sy s t em s :

App end ix C is provided to serve as a gu ide in com plyin g with th e test ingrequ irem ent s of 19 26.5 02 (d) - Person al fal l arr est s ystems an d 19 26.5 02(e) -


19/471 9

Posit ioning device system s. Persona l fal l arr est s ystem s a n d posit ioning devicesys tems which ha ve been tes ted in accordan ce with the cr i ter ia of th is a ppen dixwill m eet the performa n ce criter ia est ab lish ed in th ese two section s. App end ix Calso provides ad dit iona l n on-m an da tory gu idelin es for person al fal l arr estsys tems .

Ap p e n d i x D - Po s i t i o n i n g Dev i ce Ar re s t Sy s t em s :

App end ix D com plemen ts Appen dix C an d p rovides ad dit iona l in forma tion ontesting meth ods for posit ioning device system s. Appen dix D also conta in sguidelin es for ins pecting posit ioning d evice syst ems to a ss is t in comp lyin g withthe requirements of 1926.502(e)(5) - Positioning device systems.

Ap p en d i x E - Sam p l e Fa l l P ro t ec t i o n P l an :

Appen dix E ass is ts employers who are a ble to demons tra te tha t the u se of

convention al fal l protection m eas u res a re n ot feas ible or create a greater h azardwhen con s tru ct in g leading edges , or erect in g precas t concrete s t ru ctures , or whenengaged in res iden tial cons tru ction work. Th e plan s in Appen dix E weredeveloped s pecifically for a preca st concrete worksite an d a residen tialcons tru ction s i te. Th ese plan s an d guidelin es can b e modified an d tai lored foru se in th e o ther areas where the s tan dard permits emp loyers to develop FallProtection Plan s.

Par t III

H o w t o Dev e lo p a F a l l P r o t ec t io n P r o gr am *

Th ere are twelve compon ent s or s teps in volved in th e developm ent ,im plemen tat ion a n d m ainten an ce of an effective fall protection p rogram .

Step 1. Determine if walkin g/ workin g su rfaces are s tru ctu rally sa fe.

S tep 2 . Con du ct a fa l l pro tect ion ha zard as sess men t .

Step 3. Elim ina te th e n eed for fa ll pr otection if pos sible.

Step 4. Select th e ap propriate type of fall protection system.

Step 5. Develop rescu e an d retr ieval procedu res .

Step 6. Develop a written fa ll pr otection plan , if ap plicab le.

Step 7. Solicit as sist an ce from th e Division of Fa cilities Developm en t toto e limina te , prevent an d/ or contro l fa l l h azards .


20/472 0

Step 8. Pu rch as e fall protection system s an d equ ipm en t, if ap plicab le.

Step 9. Develop a fall protection equ ipm ent in sp ection, m ainten an ce an ds torage program .

Step 10 . Provide fall pr otection tra ining.

Step 11. Promote the fall protection program .

Step 12 . Mon itor the fall protection program .

S t e p 1 - De t e r m i n e i f w a lk i n g / w o r k in g s u r f a c e s a r e s t r u c t u r a l ly s a fe .

Th e first s tep in developing an effective fall prot ection pr ogram is to cond u ct a n

as ses sm ent of th e workplace to determ in e if th e walkin g/ working su rfaces onwhich emp loyees ar e to work ha ve the s tren gth an d s tru ctu ral in tegrity to safelysu ppor t them a nd th eir equ ipm ent . This ass essm ent is especia l ly imp or tant forolder bu ildings an d/ or bu ildings with wooden roofs . Em ployees sh ou ld not bepermit ted to work on bu ild ing roofs an d o th er walking/ working su rfaces u nt i l theemployer ha s been d etermined th at th ese su r faces are s t ru ctura lly sa fe .

N o t e : Accordin g to th e Division of Fa cilities an d Developm en t (DFD), a ll sta te-own ed bu ild in gs m eet or exceed the s t ren gth an d s t ru ctura l requiremen ts of theWiscon sin Bu ildin g Code (Ch ap ter ILHR 53). Th erefore, u nless you are or becomeaware of an y condi t ion(s ) tha t m ight compromise the s t rength a nd s t ru ctura lin tegrity of a b u ilding, you ca n rely on t h is s tatem ent from DFD when cond u ctin gthes e s t ren gth an d s t ru ctura l in tegr ity as sess men ts . If you h ave a ques t ion abou tth e load cap acity of a sp ecific s t ate-owned bu ilding, call DFD at (608 ) 26 6-28 84.

S t e p 2 - Co n d u c t a fa ll p ro t e c t i on h a z a r d a s s e s s m e n t .

Th e secon d s tep in d evelopin g a fall protection p rogram is t o condu ct a fallprotection h azard as ses sm ent to determ in e wh ich s pecific jobs, a ctivit ies or area sexpose em ployees to fall h azard s.

The following steps are involved in conducting a fall protection hazarda s s e s s m e n t .

Step 1. Determine the type of work performed on elevated walkin g/ workin gsurfaces .

Step 2 . Determ ine if em ployees will be expos ed to an y of th e followin g a rea s oractivities:

- Un p rot ected s id es a n d ed ges


21/472 1

- Lea din g edges- Holes- F or m wor k or re in for cin g s t ee l- Ra m p s, ru n wa ys a n d ot h er wa lk wa ys- E xc a va t ion s t h a t m a y b e ob s c u r e d b y s t r u c t u r es or p la n t gr owt h

- F or m wor k or re in for cin g s t ee l- Ab ove d a n gerou s equ ip m en t- Ove rh a n d b r ic kla yin g a n d r ela t ed wor k - Roofing work on low-s lope roo fs an d s teep roofs- Pr eca s t con c ret e er ect ion- Wa ll op en in gs a n d h ois t a r ea s- Oth er elevated walkin g/ workin g su rfaces-

Step 3. Determine th e frequ ency th e work is being performed .

Step 4. Determine if workers require h orizon tal an d/ or vert ical m ovemen t in

order to perform th e as sign ed work.

S tep 5 . Determine the nu mb er of workers exposed to a fa l l h azard .

Step 6. Determine th e type of walkin g/ workin g su rface.

Step 7. Determine the ap proxim ate dis ta n ce of th e su rface to lower levels .

Step 8. Determine if th e edge of th e bu ilding or th e walkin g/ working su rface iscu rren tly protected by a gu ard rail system or para pet wall. If yes ,determ in e if th e gu ard rail system or wall is a dequ ate.

Step 9. Determine if th e poten tial fal l h azard (s) can b e elim in ated by alterna tivework meth ods or engin eerin g controls .

Step 1 0. If th e fall h azard (s) can n ot be elim in ated , determ in e wha t type of fallpro tect ion sys tem is required/ recomm ended.

Step 11 . Determine if th ere is a n eed for an chora ge poin ts .

Step 12 . Determine if emp loyees could be exposed to oth er types of h ealthan d/ or safe ty ha zards in ad dit ion to fa l l ha zards .

Step 13 . Determine if th ese ad dit iona l h azard s will affect the selection an d/ oru se of fall protection system s.

Step 14 . Determine wha t sa fe ty precau t ions are n eeded to protect workers fromthes e addi t ional hazards .

The pe r son condu c t ing the h azard as s es smen t sh ou ld h ave a th o rou gh


22/472 2

kn owledge an d u nd ers tan din g of the requ iremen ts of Su bpa r t M an d o ther re la tedfal l pro tect ion s ta nd ards . In add it ion , the pers on sh ould a lso h ave some formaledu cation an d/ or experience in s afety, engin eerin g or a related field.

Var iou s s ources of informat ion sh ould be consu lted when con du ct ing th is h azard

as sess men t . Th ese sources in clu de, but are not limi ted to :

Th e em ployees wh o are exposed to fall h azard s.

The affected s u pervisors a nd ma n agers . Previous loss contro l su rveys / in spect ions tha t m ay h ave ident i fied a reas

or work activities that need fall protection.

Th e Occu pa tion al In jur y an d Illn ess Log (OSHA 20 0 form ). Previous in jury and incident / n ear miss repor ts .

Involving em ployees an d s u pervisors in th e h azard a ss essm ent process isesp ecially im porta n t. Th ese in dividu als can provide valu ab le in forma tion n ot on lyabou t where an d when they th ink fa l l pro tect ion is required , bu t a lso abou t h owto poss ibly elim in ate fall h azard s. Obta in in g their in pu t will also encou rageemp loyees an d s u pervisors to ta ke ownersh ip of th e fall protection pr ogram an dwill help th em recognize and u nd ers tan d fa l l ha zards .

The da te and r esu l ts o f the h azard as ses s men t s hou ld be docu mented u s ing thesa mp le ha zard a ss essm ent form p rovided in Appen dix B.

S t e p 3 - Eli m i n a t e t h e n e e d f or fa l l p r o t e c t i o n .

If th e ha zard a ss ess m ent ind icates t h e need for fall protection, th e next s tep isdeterm in e if th e fall h azard (s) can be elim in ated by th e u se of en gin eerin g con trolsor other al ternative work methods.

Th e followin g are s evera l exam ples of en gin eering con trols or a ltern at ive work m eth ods th at could pos sibility elim in ate t h e n eed for fall protection.

Redes ign or au tomate th e process or job task .

Perform work a ctivities a t lower h eigh ts .

Use equipmen t tha t e limina tes fa l l h azards , such as p erma nen t accessplatforms th at provide bu ilt- in fall protection.

Use tool extensions to perform work from ground level.


23/472 3

Lower equ ipm en t an d tools to grou n d level for ma in ten an ce orrepairs .

Use vehicle mou n ted work platforms .

Design bu ild ings an d o ther walking/ working su rfaces toelimina te / redu ce exposu re to fa l l h azards .

Use outs ide con tractors th at h ave the proper fa l l pro tect ion s ys tem s a ndtra in in g to sa fely perform th e work.

S t e p 4 - S e le c t t h e a p p r o p r i at e fa ll p r ot e c t i on s y s t e m .

If th e fall h azard (s) can n ot be elim in ated , th e n ext s tep is t o select th eap pr opriate fall protect ion s ystem (s). No sin gle fall prot ection s ystem provides

ad equ ate fall protection for a ll jobs a ctivit ies . Th e type of system th at is th e mos teffective will vary from job to job a n d from a ctivity to ac tivity. Th erefore, alwa ysas ses s ea ch job an d a ctivity to determine th e proper type of fall protection.

Th e followin g factors m u st be con sidered wh en selectin g fall protection system s:

Th e d is ta n ce of th e elevated walkin g/ working s u rface ab ove lower levels .

Th e type of job a ctivities th at will requ ire fall protection a n d t h e s pecificrequ irem ent s of each activity.

Wh at s pecific types of equ ipm ent an d com pon en ts will be n eeded witheach fall protection s ystem.

How m u ch vertical an d h orizon tal movemen t em ployees will n eed toperform ea ch job/ activity.

Th e en vironm en tal condit ions (i.e . win d, ra in , sn ow, extreme h eat orcold) in which fall protection equipment will be used.

Th e p oten tial difficulty of u sin g fa ll protection s ystem s to per formnorm al an d/ or non -rou t in e job act ivit ies .

The need for an chorage poin ts of su itable des ign an d s t rength .

Th e pres en ce of chem ical, electr ical an d welding h azard s.

How emp loyees will recover or b e res cu ed from fallen pos ition s.

The presen ce of sh arp or rough s u rfaces or edges .


24/472 4

Ty p es o f fa l l p ro t ec t i o n :

There are two major categories or systems of fall protection:

Passive fall protection systems

Active fall pr otection sys tem s

P a s s iv e fa l l p r o t e c t i o n s y s t e m s :

Pas sive fall protection system s ar e des igned to provide fall protection with ou t a n yaction b y emp loyees.

Some comm on pa ss ive fall protection s ystems in clu de:

Guardrai ls Toeboards Fences a nd ba r r icades Safety n ets Covers

G u ard ra i l s :

Th e most com m on form of pa ss ive fall protection is gu ard rails . Gu ard rails a reu sed to protect emp loyees from s tepp in g off h igher walkin g/ workin g su rfaces . Inad dit ion to p roviding ba rr iers , gu ar dra ils a lso h elp a lert em ployees to th epres ence of a fall h azard .

A gua rdra il is m ad e u p of th e followin g elemen ts:

Top r a il Midrail Posts Toeboard

The top ra il mu s t b e 39 to 45 in ches a bove the walking/ working su rface . The

m idra il m u st b e located h alfway between t h e top edge of th e top rail an d th ewalkin g/ workin g su rface. Th e only exception to ha vin g m idra ils is when th ere isa 21 inch wall n ext to the gu ard rail. In th at s i tu ation, the wall provides th enecessa ry protect ion . Pos ts m u s t be p laced no m ore tha n 8 feet apa r t . End

join ts m u s t h a ve n o overh a n g th a t cou ld s n a g cloth in g or ca u s e em p loye es to t r ip .

Gua rdrai ls m u s t be s t rong enou gh to withs tan d a force of u p to 200 pou n dsap plied with in 2 inch es of th e top edge in an y ou tward or d own ward d irection a tan y poin t along the edge. Midra ils , screen s, in term ediate vert ical m emb ers an dsolid p an els m u st b e capa ble of with sta n ding, with ou t failu re, a force of at leas t1 5 0 p ou n d s .


25/472 5

Gu ard rails ca n be m ad e from th e followin g ma terials (See App end ix B toSubpart M):

Wood: Pos ts an d top ra i ls m u s t be m ade from at leas t 2- inch by x 4-

in ch cons tru ct ion grade lu mb er spaced n ot more tha n 8 feet apa r t .Midrai ls m u s t b e ma de of a t leas t 1- inch by 6- inch lu mb er.

Pi p e : Pos ts , top ra i ls a nd midrai ls m u s t be a t leas t 1 .5 in ch n omina l

d iam eter sch edu le-40 p ipe spaced n ot more th an 8 feet apar t . S t r u c t u r a l S t e e l : Pos ts , top ra ils a n d m idrai ls m u s t b e a t leas t 2- inch

by 2-in ch by 3 / 8 inch an gles with p os ts n ot more th an 8 feet apar t oncenters .

Cable : The ca ble for the top ra i l m u s t be 1 / 4 inches in d iameter orth ickn ess an d m ark ed a t 6 foot in tervals with h igh-vis ibility ma terialsu ch a s r ibbon or p las t ic bar r ier tape .

To eb o a rd s :

Toeboards are atta ched at th e walkin g level to h elp k eep em ployees from slippingover th e edge. Toeboards also h elp p revent tools a n d m aterials from fallin g onem ployees working a t lower levels.

Toeboards m u st b e at least 3 .5 in ches in vert ical heigh t from th eir top edge to th elevel of th e walking/ working su rface a n d be con stru cted of wood or a n other s olidma ter ia l . Openings in toeboards m u s t be no larger tha n 1 inch a t their greates td imen s ion. Toeboards m u s t a lso have no more tha n 1 / 4 inch c learan ce abovethe su r face .

In s i tuat ions where tools , equ ipm ent or m ater ia ls are p iled h igh er tha n the topedge of toeboards , pan elin g or screening mu st b e erected from th e su rface ortoeboard to th e top of a gu ard rail system s top rail for a d is ta n ce su fficient toprotect employees working below.

F e n c e s a n d Ba r r i c a d e s :

Fences an d ba rr icades cons t ru cted of wood or metal can be u sed to protectemp loyees from fallin g in to excavations , wells , p its an d s h afts a n d a lso from beingh it by falling objects .

Safe t y Ne t s :

Safety n ets are p laced u nd erneath walking/ working su rfaces to catch employees ,tools a n d/ or ma terials th at cou ld fall to lower levels . Sa fety n ets a re ma de fromstrong synth et ic ma ter ia ls an d h ave open in gs n o larger than 6 inches a t thei rgreates t d imens ion.


26/472 6

Safety n ets m u s t b e in s ta lled as c lose as poss ib le to the a reas where employeesm ight fall, bu t n ever m ore th an 30 feet below the level th ey are des igned toprotect . In some s itu at ion s , more tha n one sa fe ty n et ma y be required to provideadequ ate protect ion . Wh en th is is th e cas e , the conn ect ions between the netsmu s t be no more tha n 6 inches a par t an d the conn ect ion ma te ria l mu s t be as

s t rong as the res t of the n et .

Safety n ets m u st b e tested before us e to in su re they will provide ad equ ateprotection in a ccordan ce with 19 26 .502 (c)(2). Sa fety nets m u st a lso be closelym onitored du ring th eir u se. An y objects th at fal ls into a sa fety n et , su ch a s toolsor ma terials , mu st b e removed im m ediately to avoid injury to an emp loyee whom ight fall in to th e n et later.

Safety n ets m u s t b e in spected a t leas t once a week for mildew, s t ress a nd o ther

s igns of wear. Dam aged nets m u s t be removed an d replaced imm ediate ly.

Co v e r s :

Covers a re u sed to protect em ployees from fallin g throu gh or into h oles ,excavations a n d other open in gs in floors , roofs a n d other walkin g/ workin gsu rfaces . The s ta nd ard requ ires th at an y gap or void 2 inches or more indimen sion be covered.

Covers m u st b e ma de of s tron g ma terials th at will su pp ort twice the tota l weightof emp loyees, equ ipm ent a n d ma terials im posed on th e cover at one t im e. Inad dit ion, covers m u st b e able to su pp ort twice the m aximu m weight of th e axleload of an y vehicle expected to cross th em.

Each cover except m an h oles or s tee l gra tes u sed in s t reets m u s t b e firmly secu redan d th e word HOLE or COVER m u st b e writ ten on th e cover in large let ters .

Ac t i ve f a ll p r o t e c t i o n s y s t e m s :

Active fall pr otection, a lso kn own a s p ers on al fa ll ar res t s ystem s (PFAS),in clu des componen ts an d sys tems th at m u s t be con nected or o therwise act ivatedby em ployees to pr ovide fa ll protection.

Persona l fal l ar rest s ystem s a re design ed to:

Protect workers from falling more than six feet. Prevent workers from contacting any lower level during arrest of a fall. Limit the m aximu m a rres t in g force on a worker to 900 pou nd s when the

worker u ses a b ody belt .


27/472 7

Limit the m aximu m arres t ing force on a worker to 1800 pou nd s when

the worker us es a body harn es s . Brin g a worker to a com plete s top a n d l im it th e deceleration dis ta n ce

th at a worker travels to 3 .5 feet . Have su fficient s tren gth to with sta n d twice the p otential im pa ct energy

of a worker free fallin g a d ista n ce of 6 feet, or th e free-fall dist an ceperm itted by the s ystem, whichever is greater.

A pers ona l fal l ar rest system cons is ts of th e followin g compon en ts:

Fu l l-b o d y h a r n e s s - A fu ll-body harn ess con s is ts of nylon a n d/ orpolyes ter s t rap s th at en comp as s th e ches t , ches t a nd wais t or fu ll body.In th e event of a fall, a full body h arn ess dis tr ibu tes t h e fall ar rest forceover the pelvis , th igh s , wais t an d sh oulders . Th e a t tachm ent poin t mu s tbe in th e center of th e back or at th e sh oulder level of th e wear er.

Body Bel t - A body belt is a s t ra p or belt th at i s secu red arou n d th eworker s waist an d is at ta ched to a lan yard, lifelin e or d ecelerationdevice. Th e atta chm ent p oin t for a body belt is th e center of th e wearer sback. Body belts h ave been th e t radit ional mean s of body su ppor t .Body belts a re n ot recom m end ed h owever for fall arr est s ystems h oweverbecau se th ey do not dis tr ibu te the fall arr est force properly. Wh en a nemp loyees fall is s topped , a b ody belt can cau se h is or h er body to

ja ckk n ife wh ich ca n res u lt in s er iou s p h ys ica l a n d in tern a l in ju r ies . Asof J an u ary 1, 199 8, body belts a re no longer perm itted for us e withpersona l fa l l ar res t sys tems .

Lan y a rd - A lan yard conn ects the body h arn ess to the an chorage poin t .The lanyard s hou ld be a t ta ched to a D-r ing on the body harn essbetween th e shou lder b lades a nd a bove the emp loyee. Lan yards ma y beequ ipped with deceleration or sh ock abs orbing devices th at l im it u p to80 p ercent of th e arres tin g force placed on th e wearer du ring a fall. Th elan yard m u s t be of su ffic ient s t ren gth to withs tan d twice the impa cten ergy of a p ers on free fallin g six feet or th e free-fall dista n ce per m itted

by th e system if th e free-fall dis ta n ce is less th an s ix feet . Lifeline - A lifelin e con sist s of a flexible lin e th at is con n ected to th e

an chorage poin t a t one or both ends which serves as mea n s to conn ecto ther componen ts of the p ersona l fa l l ar res t sys tem to the a nch orage.Self-retra cting lifelines provide m obility a s well as worker pr otection.The l ine re t racts a s th e worker moves toward the u ni t an d pu lls ou t asth e worker m oves a way from th e u n it . If th e worker s lips or falls , th esu dden je rk on th e cab le ac t iva tes th e b reak ing m echa n ism an d th eworker is br ough t to s top within 2 feet .


28/472 8

Lifelin es ca n be eith er vertical or h orizon ta l.

A ver t i ca l l i fe l ine consists of a flexible vertical line suspended from afixed a n ch ora ge to which a fall a rres t device is s ecu red . Vertical lifelines

mu s t ha ve a min imu m break ing s t r eng th o f 5 ,000 poun ds . Whenvertical lifelin es a re u sed, ea ch worker m u st h ave a s epa rat e lifelin eexcept during the construction of elevator shafts and provided thebrea king s tren gth of th e lifelin e is 10 ,000 p ou n ds .

A h o r i zo n t a l l ife l in e con sist s of a flexible lin e con n ected to twoh orizon tal fixed an ch orage poin ts t o which a fall arr est d evice is s ecu red.Horizon tal lifelin es are u sed when m aximu m h orizon tal m obility isrequ ired an d no overh ead an ch orage poin t is availab le. Horizon tallifelin es a re su bject to greater loads th an vertical lifelin es a n d m u st beproperly des igned a n d ins talled u n der th e su pervis ion of a qu alifiedpers on. If n ot properly an chored to r igid conn ection points , this type of lifelin e system can fail at th e an chora ge poin t .

S n a p h o o k s : Sn aph ooks a re us ed to conn ect th e lan yard to th e D - r ings onthe body ha rnes s . Sna ph ooks mu s t be cons t ruc ted from smooth ,corros ion-res is ta nt s tee l an d be dou ble- locking. Sn aph ooks an d D-r ingsmu st be compa t ib le. This h elps p revent ro ll-ou t , which occu rs when the D-r ing twis ts out of the th roat of the h ook a nd ro lls ou t , cau s ing the catch toopen an d th e D-r ing to come loose . Locking sna ph ooks s h ould a lways beu sed ins tead of n onlocking s n aph ooks becau se of the potent ia l forunintentional release (rollout).

N o t e : If a PFAS is u sed b y am employee tha t h as a comb ined tool and bodyweight of 31 0 pou n ds or m ore, th e employer mu st a ppr opriately m odify th esystem to provide a dequ ate fall protection or th e system will be not in com plian cewith th e protocols con tained in Appen dix C to Su bp art M an d 19 10 .502 (d)(16 ).

Ro p e G rab s :

A rope grab is a deceleration d evice th at tra vels on a lifelin e a n d a u toma ticallyengages th e lifelin e an d locks t o arres t th e fall of th e emp loyee. Th e lan yard m u st

be less t h an 6 feet lon g to res trict th e overa ll fall to 6 feet or less . Th e typean d s ize of the l ife line th at m u s t be u sed with each rope sys tem is s tam ped on therope grab . Kn ots on th e en d of th e lifelin e may not be us ed u n less d esign ed in toan app roved sys tem b y th e ma nu factu rer to prevent th e rope grab from comingoff th e en d of the lin e.

An c h o r a g e P o in t s :


29/472 9

An an chorage poin t i s a secu re poin t of a t ta chm ent for life lin es , lan yards an d/ orfall decelerat ion devices.

Th e followin g factors m u st/ sh ou ld be cons idered wh en d esign in g, selectin g andin s ta llin g an an chorage poin t :

The an chorage poin t m u s t no t su ppor t any othe r s t ruc tu re such asplatform or gua rdra il.

Th e an ch orage poin t m u st p reven t th e emp loyee from fallin g more tha n

6 feet to a lower level.

The an chorage poin t m u s t b e in depend ent of the work su rface whereverpossible.

The an chorage poin t , when u sed a s par t of a comp lete Persona l Fal lArrest System (PFAS), mu st b e cap ab le of su pporting a t leas t twice th eweight expected t o be impos ed u pon it in th e event of a fall.

The a nch orage poin t m u s t b e c lear ly mark ed.

Th e an ch orage poin t mu st a ccomm odate th e employees n eed formobility.

The a nch orage poin t , when u sed with a body belt / lan yard com bina t ion ,sh ould be a t wais t h eight .

The a nch orage poin t , when u sed w ith a body ha rnes s / lan yardcombination, should be at shoulder level.

The an chorage poin t , when u sed with a se lf- re tract in g lan yard , sh ouldbe overhead .

The a nch orage poin t , when u sed to a t tach a PFAS, mu s t be ind ependen tof an an chorage being u sed to su ppor t or sus pend p la t forms .

Each an chorage po in t m u s t be ab le to suppor t a t leas t 5 ,000 poun ds pe r

emp loyee atta ched for falls u p to s ix feet or 360 0 p ou n ds if th ean ch orage poin t is certified b y a qu alified per son .

N o t e : An ch orage poin ts s h ould be des igned by a qu alified pers on s u ch a s aregistered professional engineer with experience in designing fall protectionsys tems or another person with a ppropr ia te edu cat ion an d exper ience.in fa ll protection.

An ch o r i n g Sy s t e m Tie -O ff Co n s i d e ra t i o n s :


30/473 0

To tie-off is t h e act of con n ecting an em ployee wearin g pers on al fall ar res tprotect ion equipmen t to an a nch orage sys tem. The s t rength of the fa l l ar res tequipmen t is d irect ly based on the way the equipmen t is a t tached to thean chor ing sys tem. The a nch or in g sys tem m u st n ot s ignifican t ly redu ce thes t ren gth of the fa l l ar res t sys tem. If the m ean s of a t tach men t us ed reduces th e

s t ren gth of the fa l l ar res t equipmen t , replace th at comp onent with a s t ronger onethat will also maintain the appropriate maximum arrest force decelerationcharacter is t ics .

Th e followin g are som e kn own stren gth-redu cin g t ie-off s i tu ations .

Tie -o ffs t h a t h a v e k n o t s i n t h e l a n y a r d o r li fe l in e .

Tie-offs t h at h ave kn ots in th e lan yard or l ifelin e can redu ce th estr ength of th e lan yard or lifelin e by 50 % or more. Replace th e

lan yard or lifelin e with on e tha t ha s a con n ector tha t elim in atesthe need for a kn ot . If kn ots can n ot be avoided, a s t ronger lan yardor lifelin e sh ou ld be u sed to comp ens ate for th e weaken in g effectof th e kn ot. Th e other option is to redu ce th e length of th elan yard to m in im ize th e free-fall dis tan ce.

Tie-o ffs a ro un d an I -beam .

Tie-offs arou n d a n I-beam can redu ce th e s tr ength of a lifelin e by asmu ch as 7 0 % du e to the cu t t in g act ion of the beam edges . Lan yardsor lifelin es ca n be p rotected from b eam edges by th e u se of awebbing lan yard or a wire core lifelin e th at is wrap ped a rou n d th eb e a m .

Tie -o ffs a ro u n d ro u g h o r s h a rp s u r face s .

Tie-offs around rough or sharp edges drastically reduces the s trengthan d s afety of a lifelin e. If th is type of tie-off ca n n ot be a voided, th esh arp s u rfaces sh ould be pad ded. Anoth er opt ion is to in s ta ll anabra s ion -res is tan t s t ra p a roun d th e life line or arou nd or over therough or sha rp edge.

P o s it i o n i n g S y s t e m s :

A posit ioning system u ses a body ha rn ess s ystem th at is r igged to allow anemployee to be su ppor ted on an e levated ver t ica l su r face , su ch as a wal l, an d towork with both h an ds free .

Posit ioning system s m u st b e r igged so th at em ployees ca n n ot free-fall m ore tha n2 feet . In a ddi t ion , pos it ionin g sys tems m u st be secu red to an an chorage capa ble


31/473 1

of su pp orting at leas t twice th e poten tial im pa ct load of an em ployees fall or3 ,000 poun ds , whichever is greater.

Free -Fa ll Di s t a n ce :

Free-fall dis tan ce is th e vert ical disp lacem ent of th e fall arr est a t tach m ent poin ton th e body ha rn ess or belt between th e ons et of th e fall an d jus t before the fallarr est system begin s to arrest th e fall. Th is dis tan ce in clu des a n y decelerationdevice s l ide dis tan ce or s elf-retracting l ife/ lan yard extens ion before th ey operatean d fall arr est forces occu r. Free-fall dis tan ce exclu des d eceleration dis tan ce an dlifelin e/ lan yard elongation.

A few ad dition a l feet of free-fall dista n ce can significan tly in crea se t h e ar res tingforce on a fallen work er. Th e add itiona l a rres ting force could also pos sibly exceedth e s tren gth of th e system . In ord er to redu ce the r isk of an in ju ry, th e free-fall

dis tan ce sh ou ld be l im ited to 2 feet or less a n d m u st n ever exceed 6 feet . To helpas su re th is , th e t ie-off at ta ch m ent p oin t to a l ifelin e or to th e an ch orage poin tsh ould be located a t or ab ove the con nect ion p oin t on th e worker s body ha rnes sor belt . Th e idea l h eight for the a n chora ge poin t is 7 feet above the work su rface.A sh orter lan yard m ay also h elp red u ce the free-fall dis tan ce.

Free-fall dis ta n ce can be calculated as follows:

If the a n chorage poin t is below th e a t ta chm ent poin t on the worker, thed is tan ce between the an chorage po in t a nd the a t t achm en t po in t m u s t beadded to th e length of th e lan yard to obta in th e free-fall dis ta n ce.

If th e an chora ge poin t is ab ove the a t ta chm ent poin t on th e worker, thed is tan ce between the an chorage po in t a nd the a t t achm en t po in t m u s tbe su b t rac ted from th e len gth of the lan yard to obtain th e free-falld is tance.

N o t e : Th e an ticipa ted s tr etch of th e lan yard m u st b e add ed to the free-falld is ta nce to obta in the minimu m clearan ce necessa ry to safe ly ar res t a fa l l.

O t h e r F a ll P r o t e c t i o n Me t h o d s :In some s itu at ions , the ins ta lla t ion an d u se of guard rai ls , sa fe ty nets or persona lar res t sys tems m ay not be feas ib le or creates a greater hazard . In th ese cases ,add it iona l an d/ or other m ethods a n d sys tems ca n be u sed to provide fa l lprotection (See 1 92 6.50 1).

Wa r n i n g l in e s y s t e m : A warn in g lin e system u ses ropes, wires orcha ins to keep employees ou t of areas where there a re fa l l h azards .Warn in g lin e system s a re often u sed on low-sloppin g roofs a n d ar ou n ddan gerou s mechan ica l equ ipmen t .


32/473 2

Cont ro l l ed ac ces s zon es (CAZ): Controlled access zones allow onlyemp loyees workin g directly in a n a rea to enter th e zone. Th e CAZ m u stbe clearly in dicated by a lin e m ad e of rope, wire or som e other m ean stha t res t r ic ts access to the work area . When con tro l lin es are u sed to

res t r ic t access to a n u np rotected or leading edge, the l in e mu s t extendalong the ent ire length of th e u n protected or lead in g edge. Th e con trolline m u s t b e conn ected on each s ide to a gua rdrai l or wall.

S a fe t y m o n i t o r in g s y s t e m : A safety monitoring system uses competentemp loyees to actively obs erve work a reas an d warn other workers of an yposs ib le fa l l an d o ther sa fe ty ha zards . Safe ty m onitors mu s t n ot beas sign ed other job du ties which cou ld dis tra ct their at ten tion a way fromobservin g th e work of oth er em ployees.

F a ll P r o t e c t i o n S e l e c t i o n C r it e r i a :

Th e followin g cha rt s h ows comm on types of fall protection an d wh ere each type of pro tect ion can be u sed in var ious app licat ions in accordan ce with Su bpa r t M.Ty p e o f F a ll Pr o t e c t io n Ap p lic a t io n s

Gu a rd ra il Sys tem Lea d in g ed gesUnprotected s idesHoist areasRamps , run ways an d othe rwalkwaysExcavat ions not rea dily seen du e toplan t growth or o ther visu albarr iersWells, pits or s h aftsDangerou s equ ipmen tOverhand bricklayingRoofing work on low-sloped roofsRoofin g work on st eep roofsPrecast concrete erectionWall open ings

Walking/ working s u rfaces n oto therwise a ddress edProtection from falling objects

Fen ces a n d Ba rr ica d es Exca va tion s n ot rea d ily s een du e toplant growth or other barr iersWells, pits or s h aftsProtection from falling objects

Sa fety Net Sys tem Lea d in g ed ges


33/473 3

Lead ing edges (for workers n otin volved in t h e lead in g-edge work)Unprotected s idesFormwork a n d reinforcin g s teelDangerou s equ ipmen t

Overhand bricklaying and relatedwork Roofing work on low-sloped roofsRoofin g work on st eep roofsPrecast concrete erectionWall open ingsWalking/ working s u rfaces n oto therwise a ddress ed

Covers HolesWells, pits or s h afts

Protection from falling objects

Pers on a l Fa ll Arres t Sys tem Lea d in g ed gesLead ing edges (for workers n otin volved in t h e lead in g edge work)Unprotected s idesHoist areasHolesFormwork a n d reinforcin g s teelDangerou s equ ipmen tOverh ead b ricklayin g and relatedwork Roofing work on low-sloped roofsRoofin g work on st eep roofsPrecast concrete erectionResiden tial con str u ctionWall open ingsWalking/ working s u rfaces n oto therwise a ddress ed

Pos it ion in g Device Sys tem Form work a n d rein forcin g s teel

Sa fety Mon itor in g Sys tem Roofin g work on low-s lop ed roofs of 50 feet or less in widt h

Con trolled Acces s Zon es Overh a n d b r ick la yin g a n d rela ted work

Toeboa rd s or Screen s Protection from fa llin g ob jects

Ca n op y S tru ctu res Protection from fa llin g ob jects


34/473 4

Wa rn in g Lin e Sys tem Roofin g work on low-s lop p ed roofs50 feet or more in width plus one of the following systems: Gua rdrai l sys tem Safety net s ystem Persona l fal l arr est s ystem Safety m onitorin g system

Ha rd Ha ts Protection from fa llin g ob jects

S t e p 5 - D e ve l op r e s c u e a n d r e t r i e va l p r o c e d u r e s :

Am ong th e mos t im porta n t factors in preventing fall-related in ju ries a re th erescu e an d re t r ieval procedu res ta ken imm ediate ly after a fa l l ha s occu rred .When employees are u s ing a person al fa l l ar res t s ys tem, the s tan dard requiresth e em ployer to provide for th e prom pt rescu e of emp loyees in th e even t of a fallor mu s t as su re that employees are able to rescu e thems elves . Th is requiremen twas inclu ded in th e s ta n dard becau se in m an y fa l l- rela ted a cciden ts , th e fa l lenemployee will su s ta in m ore ser ious in jur ies the longer he/ sh e remains s u spen dedesp ecially if th e worker is wearing only a bod y belt. In ord er to pr event fu rth erharm to employees, al l affected employees and supervisors must know how toresp ond qu ickly an d p roperly in th e event of a fall.

Rescu e an d re t r ieval p lan ning an d p repara t ion s hou ld a lways ta ke p lace beforethe work act ivity s ta r ts to ens u re tha t the proper equipmen t an d procedu res willbe in place to rescu e emp loyees if n eeded.

The equ ipm ent th at can be u sed to rescu e fa l len em ployees inclu des :

Ladders Scaffolds Mobile lifts

Some t ypes of fall protection incorpora te an au toma tic-descen ding device which isactivated by th e fall an d p rovides a sa fe, au toma tically con trolled d escen t to a

lower level. Th e us e of a u tom at ic-des cen din g devices h owever still requ iresplan n in g an d em ployee tra in in g to ensu re th at th ese devices will be availab le an du sed p roper ly du r ing em ergency s itu at ions .

Th e local fire depa rtm en t m ay also be a ble to perform r escu es a n d retr ievals of fal len emp loyees. If th e fire depa rtm en t agrees to pr ovide th is s ervice (an d h asth e necess ar y equ ipm en t an d tra in in g), provide th em with a m ap of you r facilityin dicatin g th e locations wher e fall pr otection will be u sed by you r emp loyees. In


35/473 5

ad dition, in vite rep resen tat ives of th e fire d epa rtm en t to t our you r facilit ies tofam iliar ize th em with you r fall protection program an d th e sp ecific location s an dsitu ations where falls cou ld p oss ibly occur.

St e p 6 - D ev e lo p a w r i t t en fa l l p ro t ec t i o n p l an , if ap p l icab l e :

In s ome situ ations , the u se of convention al fal l protection s ystems m ay not befeas ible or ma y create a greater ha zard. Th e three activit ies in wh ich th is m ayoccur in clu de:

1. Lead ing-edge work 2. Precast concrete erection work 3. Residen tial cons tru ction work

In th ese s i tu ations , Su bpa rt M provides t h e emp loyer th e option of creating a

writ ten fall protection p lan . Th e plan m u st con form t o th e followin g provis ions :

The plan mu s t b e prepared by a qu al ified person an d d evelopedspecifically for the site where leading-edge work, precast concreteerection work or res iden tial cons tru ction work is b ein g performed .

The p lan mu s t be ma in ta ined an d kep t up to da te .

Any cha nges to the p lan mu s t be a pproved by a qu al ified person .

A copy of the p lan , with a l l the a pproved cha n ges , m u s t b e ma in ta inedat t h e job s i te.

Imp lemen tat ion of the p lan mu s t b e u n der th e su pervis ion of acompetent person.

Th e plan m u st d ocum ent wh y the u se of convention al fal l protectionsystem s (gua rdra ils , s afety nets or pers ona l fal l arr est s ystems ) is n otfeas ible or will create a greater h azard .

The plan mu s t inclu de wr it ten d iscu ss ion of o ther m easu res th at will be

tak en t o redu ce or elim in ate fall h azard s for emp loyees who can n ot beprotected u sing con ven tiona l fal l protection system s. For exam ple, th eplan m u st d escribe the extent t o wh ich s caffolds , lad ders or vehiclem ou n ted work platforms will be u sed to provide s afer workin g su rfaces .

Th e p lan m u st iden tify each location where con ven tiona l fal l protectionmeth ods can not be u sed a nd c las s i fy these locat ions as contro lledaccess zones (CAZ).


36/473 6

In areas where n o o ther a lterna t ive fa l l pro tect ion m easu re is u sed , th eemployer m u s t imp lemen t a sa fe ty moni tor ing s ys tem.

The plan m u s t include a s ta temen t tha t provides th e nam e or o th erm eth od of iden tifica tion for ea ch em ployee allowed to work in a CAZ.

If an emp loyee falls or an other related seriou s inciden t/ n ear m issoccurs , the em ployer m u st investigate the circum sta n ces of th e fall orin ciden t to determ in e if th e plan n eeds to be ch an ged (i.e. new practices ,procedu res or tra in in g). Th e emp loyer m u st also im plemen t thosecha n ges to prevent s im ilar types of falls or incident s .

St e p 7 - So l ic i t a s s i s t an ce f ro m t h e D iv i s io n o f Fac i l it i e s Dev e l o p m en t (D FD)t o e l i m i n a t e , p r e v e n t o r c o n t r o l fa l l h a z a r d s .

Ex i s t i n g Bu i l d in g s :

Agencies an d in sti tu tions sh ou ld conta ct th e Divis ion of Facilit ies Developm en t(DFD) for assistance in eliminating, preventing or controlling fall hazards onexisting bu ildings. If n eeded, an a rch itect/ en gin eer will be as sign ed, a fu n dingsou rce iden tified a n d a project in it iated . DFD will ad m in is ter p rojects costing lessthan $100 ,000 u nder the Sma ll P roject s P rogram. Reques t s m u s t be su bmi t tedon a Requ est for Sm all Project App roval Form (Rev 8/ 95 ). All-Agency fu n dsad m in istered by DFD ma y be u sed for work in GPR fu n ded facilit ies on ly an dapp roval is on a case-by-case bas is depend in g up on th e availabi lity of fu nd s an dth e techn ical m erits of th e reques t . Th e Sma ll Projects form a n d in str u ctions foru se of the form are on th e In tern et a t h hp :/ www.doa.s ta te . wi.us / dfd m oredfd .h tmu n der S m all Project Gu u ildlin es or is availab le by callin g DFD at (60 8) 26 6-17 99or (60 8) 26 6-27 31 .

When su bmi t ting r equ es t s , the agency / ins t itu t ion mu s t demons t r a te tha t th ewalkin g/ workin g su rface requ ires fall protection to meet th e requiremen ts of Su bp art M. Upon a ppr oval, DFD will provide th e necess ary engin eerin g expertisein tern ally or con tract ou t for th is service with a qu alified en gin eerin g con su ltan t.

Agencies a nd ins t itu t ions sh ould a t tem pt to coordin ate th ese reques ts with

plan n ed re-roof or roof repa ir projects . Wh en th is is not poss ible, th eagency/ in sti tu tion m u st review the in sta llat ion plan s with DFD roofin g specialis tsto a void r oof leaks or voidin g exist ing roof warr an ties.

N o t e : Sma ll projects m ay cos t u p to $2 50,000 with mu lt ip le fu n ding sou rces .Projects costing less th an $5 000 are n ot be eligible for al l-agency fu n ding u n lessth e project is a ppr oved by DFD as a Special Needs Project . Th e u se of sp ecialneeds fu nd in g shou ld b e d iscus sed d irect ly with the app ropr ia te DFD s ta ff specialist.

Ne w Co n s t r u c t i o n a n d M a jo r R e n o v a t i o n P r o je c t s :


37/47


38/47


39/473 9

Th e tenth s tep in a fall protection p rogram is to train ea ch em ployee who m ay beexposed to fall h azard s h ow to recognize fall h azard s a n d th e procedu res th eyn eed to follow to min im ize thes e h azard s.

Th e training mu st be pr ovided:

Before employees are a ss igned to work where fall h azard s exis t a n d/ orwhere fall protection m eth ods will be u sed .

Wh enever em ployee respon sibilit ies ch an ge.

Wh enever there is a n ew fall h azard at t h e jobsite.

Wh enever new fall protection m eth ods a re in trodu ced to th e jobsite.

Wh enever the em ployer determ in es th at th e fall protection p rogram isin ad equ ate or th at a ddit iona l fal l protection is necessary.

When ever th e emp loyer determines th at employees h ave not acqu ired orretained an understanding of fall protection.

Th e requ ired comp onen ts of fall protection tra in in g an d th e requiredqu alifications of th e tra in er a re lis ted in th e tra in in g section of Su bp art M (See192 6.50 3. Th e s tan da rd does not specify h owever the required length or forma tof th e training program . In gen eral , fal l protection tra in in g sh ould in clu de 1-4hou rs of c las s room ins t ru ct ion an d h an ds-on t ra in ing on th e proper use of the

fall protection equ ipm ent t h at will be u sed b y em ployees a t th e jobsite. Th etra in ing sh ould a lso addres s proper ins pect ion , ma in tena nce an d s toragetechn iques a nd p rocedures .

Safety videos a n d booklets on fall protection ca n b e u sed to en h an ce (bu t notreplace) you r training program . Several compa n ies su ch as J . J . Keller &Ass ocia tes , Su mm it Train in g Source an d Comp rehen s ive Loss Man agementprovide videos a n d oth er excellent t raining resou rces on fall protection. Severalvend ors l is ted in th e n ew Safety an d Risk Mana gemen t Training Bu lletin (No. 11-97 53 3-6 01 ) also provide fa ll pr otection tra ining. Man y of th e fall pr otectionequipmen t ma n u factu rers can a lso provide t ra in ing on th e u se of thei r equipmen t

u pon reques t a t l it t le or no cos t .

Upon comp let ion of the t ra in ing , the a gency/ in s t i tu t ion m u s t p repare a wr it tentraining certification record containing the following information:

Nam e of th e em ployee trained Dat e(s) of tra in in g Sign atu re of the p erson cond u ct in g the t ra in ing or th e s igna tu re of the

employer


40/47


41/474 1

Th e fina l st ep in a fall pr otection pr ogram is to cont inu ous ly moni tor th eeffectiven ess of th e program to in su re th at th e required elem ent s of th e programare b ein g followed b y su pervisors an d em ployees a t th e jobsite.

The following are several suggested ways to monitor a fall protection program:

Condu ct periodic in sp ections of th e jobsite to in su re th at em ployees a reproperly us in g fall protection system s.

Tak e imm ediate corrective a ction, includ in g the u se of disciplin aryaction if ap propriate, a n y t im e fall protection is n ot being u sed properly.

Condu ct a form al au dit of th e entire fall protection p rogra m at leas tan n u al ly. Docum ent an d comm u n icate the resu lts of the au dit to theaffected emp loyees, su pervisors an d ma n agers . Develop a m eth od of comp ar ing the resu lts of the a u dit with p revious au di ts s u ch a sas s ign in g poin ts to each required e lem ent .

Cond u ct per iodic inspect ions of equipmen t s torage area s .

Require emp loyees to n otify their su pervisor if th ey ha ve an y problem swith the u se an d/ or ma in tena nce of thei r fa l l pro tect ion equ ipm ent .

Require employees to notify their supervisor if they are involved in any

accident related to fall protection. Prompt ly an d th orough ly in vestigateeach acciden t an d docu men t th e resu lts of each in ves t igat ion .

Hold ma na gers an d su pervisors accoun table for the proper us e andm ainten an ce of fall protection equ ipm ent by th eir em ployees.

N o t e : Several part s of th is s ection were ada pted from a m an u al on fall protectiondeveloped by Comp reh ens ive Loss Man agemen t, In c.

Glo s s a r y o f F a l l P r o t ec t i o n Te r m s

An ch o rag e -- A secu re p oin t of at tach m en t for l ifelin es , lan yards or decelera tiondevices.

Body be l t - - A s t rap with mea ns both for secur ing it ab out th e wais t a n d forat ta ch in g it to a lan yard , lifelin e, or deceleration d evice.

Bo d y h a r n e s s - - S t r aps tha t may be s ecured abou t the pe r son in a m an ner tha tdis tr ibu tes th e fall-arres t forces over at leas t th e th ighs , pelvis , waist , ch est , a n dsh oulders with a mea ns for a t taching the ha rnes s to other compon ents of apersonal fal l arrest system.


42/474 2

C o n n e c t o r -- A device th at is u sed to coup le (conn ect) pa rts of a pers ona l fal larr est s ystem or pos it ioning device system togeth er.

C on t r o lle d a c c e s s z o n e -- A work area designed a n d clear ly ma rked in which

cer ta in types of work , su ch as overha nd br icklayin g, m ay tak e p lace withou t th eu se of convention al fal l protection s ystems (e.g. gua rdra il, pers ona l arrest orsa fety net) to protect the emp loyees working in th e zon e.

De c e l e r a t i o n d e v i c e - - An y mechan ism su ch a s rope grab , r ips t itch lanyard ,sp ecially-woven lan yard, tea ring or deforming lan yards , au toma tic self-retractinglife lin es / lan yards wh ich s erves to d iss ipate a s u bs ta n t ia l am oun t of energydu rin g a fall arr est , or oth erwise l im its t h e energy the en ergy im posed on a nemp loyee du rin g fall arrest .

D e c e l e r a t i o n d i s t a n c e -- The additional vertical distance a falling person travels,

exclu din g lifelin e elonga tion a n d free fa ll dista n ce, before stop pin g, from t h epoin t at which a deceleration device begin s to opera te.

Gu a r d r a i l s y s t e m -- A ba rrier erected to pr event em ployees from falling to lowerlevels.

Hole -- A void or gap 2 inch es or m ore in th e leas t dim en sion in a floor, or roof, oro ther walking/ working su rface .

Lan y a rd -- A flexible lin e of rope, wire rope, or s tra p t h a t gen era lly h a s acon nector a t each end for con nect in g the body belt or body h arn ess to adecelerat ion device, lifeline, or a n ch orage.

Lead i n g ed g e -- Th e ed ge of a floor, roof, or form work for a floor or oth erwalking/ working su rface (su ch a s th e deck) which ch an ges locat ion a s add it ionalfloor, roof, deck in g or formwork sectio

Guía Proteccion Caídas

Documents

Transcript of Guía Proteccion Caídas