Guia de f1

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]FQWN WNDICDF GN ^I L6



Kfqdhft

Bf dfef gn dfkac`t nt nb nbnkniw` nidfqofg` gn àwninq ni bft q~ngft nb }fq t~lcdcniwn }fqf}ìnq ni k`|ckcniw` nb |nhëd~b` gntgn }fqfg`" s ~if |nu ni kfqdhf àwninq ~i }fq t~lcdcniwn

ni nbbft }fqf }`gnq |nidnq bft qntctwnidcft fb f|fidn" l~igfkniwfbkniwn bft qntctwnidcftfnq`gciækcdft" gn q`gfg~qf s gn }nigcniwn)

Dìlco~qfdcôi gn bft kfqdhft

Ni bf }fqwn kæt qæ}cgf gn bf }ctwf" indntcwfqæt bf kæt fbwf qnbfdcôi) Ni bf }fqwn kæt bniwf gn bf}ctwf" tn indntcwfqæ bf kæt afef qnbfdcôi)

Ntwf nt bf qnbfdcôi }fqf F~twqfbcf5

Bf }ctwf wcnin qndwft d`qwft s k~dhft d~q|ft" }`q dìtco~cniwn tn qnv~cnqn ~if a~niffdnbnqfdcôi s bf |nb`dcgfg gn }~iwf i` nt wfi ck}`qwfiwn)

Bf }qcknqf kfqdhf gnanqëf d`b`dfqtn fb niwqfq ni bf d~q|f kæt bniwf: kcniwqft v~n bf kfqdhfkæt fbwf gnanqëf }nqkcwcq bbnofq fb w`}n gn bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf tci qn|`b~dcìfq nb k`w`q)

Fe~twn gn bf 6µ kfqdhf

+Fe~twn d`qw` gn bf 6µ kfqdhf (}fqf bf tfbcgf gn knwf gn ~if dfqqnqf#5 Fe~twfk`t k~s d`qwf bf

}qcknqf kfqdhf }fqf tfbcq kæt nx}b`tc|fkniwn gntgn bf }`tcdcôi gn }fqfg`) Ntw` }q`|`dfqæ v~nntwf kfqdhf i` bf ~tnk`t kæt ni bf dfqqnqf" sf v~n ntwæ fgf}wfgf f bf tfbcgf dì nb d`dhnv~cnw`" v~ngfig` nb qntw` gn bft kfqdhft kni`t foq~}fgft" }nqgcnig` fdnbnqfdcôi s }`q b`wfiw`" wfkacãi |nb`dcgfg }~iwf g~qfiwn bf dfqqnqf) (Nxdnbniwn tfbcgf gntgn }fqfg`" qno~bfqfdnbnqfdcôi s qno~bfq |nb`dcgfg }~iwf ni dfqqnqf#)

+Fe~twn kngc` gn bf 6µ kfqdhf (}fqf tfbcq acni gn bf d~q|f kæt bniwf#5 Fe~twfk`t kngcfif bf}qcknqf kfqdhf" fgf}wfgf f tfbcq b` kæt qæ}cg` }`tcabn gn bf d~q|f kæt bniwf gnb dcqd~cw`) Ntw`}q`|`dfqæ v~n tnfk`t kæt bniw`t ni bf tfbcgf gn knwf v~n dì nb fe~twn fiwnqc`q" }nq` i`t

v~ngfqæi nb qntw` gn bft kfqdhft kne`q foq~}fgft" wnicnig` a~nif fdnbnqfdcôi s |nb`dcgfg}~iwf ni dfqqnqf) (A~nif tfbcgf gntgn }fqfg`" a~nif fdnbnqfdcôi s a~nif |nb`dcgfg }~iwf nidfqqnqf#) (Ntwn nt nb fe~twn v~n qnd`kcnig` }fqf bf kfs`qëf gn bft dfqqnqft# )

+Fe~twn bfqo` gn bf 6µ kfqdhf (}fqf foq~}fq kne`q bft kfqdhft#5 Fe~twfk`t bfqof bf }qcknqfkfqdhf dì nb àenwc|` gn bbn|fq nb qntw` gn bft kfqdhft kæt foq~}fgft) Ntw` }q`|`df v~n ni bftfdnbnqfdcìnt }fqwcnig` gntgn bf d~q|f kæt bniwf tnfk`t bniw`t }nq` ni bft fdnbnqfdcìnt ni



v~n tfbofk`t gn ~i d~q|f v~n i` tnf gn 6µ |nb`dcgfg tnqnk`t kæt qæ}cg`t) (Qno~bfq tfbcgf gntgn}fqfg`) Qno~bfq fdnbnqfdcôi s qno~bfq |nb`dcgfg }~iwf tfbcnig` gn d~q|ft gn 6µ |nb`dcgfg: k~sa~nif fdnbnqfdcôi s k~s a~nif |nb`dcgfg }~iwf tfbcnig` gn d~q|ft v~n i` tnfi gn 6µ |nb`dcgfg#)

Ni oninqfb" ~i fe~twn gn bf 6µ kfqdhf d`qwf oninqf kæt gnqqf}n s gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t

wqftnq`t s ~i fe~twn kæt bfqo` kni`t gnqqf}n s gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t)

Fe~twn gn bft kfqdhft ciwnqkngcft

+Tn gnani fe~twfq dì wfkfö`t gndqndcniwnt }fqf d`k}nitfq bf kni`q fdnbnqfdcôi gn bftkfqdhft bfqoft" s ntwfq i` k~dh` wcnk}` kæt ni bft kfqdhft bfqoft v~n ni bft d`qwft g~qfiwn bffdnbnqfdcôi)

+Tn gnani fgf}wfq b`t fe~twnt gn bft kfqdhft ciwnqkngcft f bft dcqd~itwfidcft gnb dcqd~cw`"n|cwfig` ni b` }`tcabn dfkacfq gn kfqdhf ni kngc` gn ~if d~q|f" b` v~n i`t }`gqëf hfdnq }nqgnqnb dìwq`b)

H`s ni gëf dì b`t dfkac`t tnkcf~w`kæwcd`t sf i` nt ~i }qàbnkf" dìtcgnqf bf }q`}~ntwf s ftëi` wnigqæt v~n dfkacfq ni kcwfg gn ~if d~q|f) Bf wn`qëf nt v~n tc niwqft ni ~if d~q|f niwnqdnqf s indntcwft t~acq f d~fqwf f kcwfg gn nbbf" fd`qwf bf 4¥ s 7¥ kfqdhf) Ftë wn nidìwqfqætni 7¥ d~fig` bbno~nt f ntf d~q|f s gnan tnq b` t~lcdcniwnkniwn bfqof d`k` }fqf v~n iìndntcwnt t~acq f >¥ hftwf v~n hfsft tfbcg` gn bf d~q|f) Wfkacãi }~ngnt hfdnq bf 4¥ kæt bfqof(kfs`q qfwc`# gn l`qkf v~n tcoft ni nbbf g~qfiwn w`gf bf d~q|f) Tc ãtwn i` nt w~ }qàbnkf nbconbft qnbfdcìnt v~n wn }q`}`qdcìni bf kfs`q fdnbnqfdcôi" h~nd`t kfs`qnt }fqf bft kfqdhftd`qwft" hfdcãig`tn kni`qnt d~fiwf kæt fbwf tnf bf kfqdhf)

Fe~twn gn bf õbwckf ?µ kfqdhf ` õbwckf

Ntwf gnan fe~twfqtn tcnk}qn gn kfinqf v~n ni bf qndwf kæt bfqof tn bbno~n e~tw` fiwnt gnbk`kniw` gn bf lqnifgf f kæxckft qn|`b~dcìnt dì gcdhf kfqdhf nioqfifgf

Fe~twn gnb Lcifb

+î fe~twn afe` d`qqnt}ìgn f ~i d`qw` gntfqq`bb` gn bf wqfitkctcôi (lcifb afe`#) Tn

dfqfdwnqcuf }`q }`d`t ocq`t gn bft q~ngft f ~ift q}k dìdqnwft" ` fbwft q}k gntgn nb }qcidc}c`gnb nioqfifen gn ~if kfqdhf) Oninqf kfs`q l~nquf" fdnbnqfdcôi" wnk}nqf w~qf gn k`w`q sdìt~k` gn d`ka~twcabn) ]nqkcwn fe~twnt kæt lci`t gn bft kfqdhft)

+î fe~twn fbw` d`qqnt}ìgn f ~i bfqo` gntfqq`bb` gn bf wqfitkctcôi (lcifb fbw`#) Tn dfqfdwnqcuf}`q k~dh`t ocq`t gn bft q~ngft f ~ift q}k dìdqnwft" ` afeft q}k gntgn nb }qc idc}c` gnb



nioqfifen gn ~if kfqdhf) Oninqf kni`q l~nquf" fdnbnqfdcôi" wnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q s dìt~k`gn d`ka~twcabn) Gclcd~bwf fe~twnt lci`t gn bft kfqdhft)

F~iv~n ciwnq|cnin ni bf }`wnidcf s lcfacbcgfg gnb k`w`q ntwn }fqæknwq` i` tn fe~twf ni l~idcôign ntwft indntcgfgnt" sf v~n tôb` wcnin wqnt |fb`qnt s bf gclcd~bwfg gn gca~efq bft kfqdhft

fqkôicdfkniwn dì nb qLfdw`q dftc àbcof f bbn|fqb` tcnk}qn ni nb |fb`q këick`) Ni d~fbv~cnqdft`" oninqfbkniwn tn gndcgn dì dqcwnqc` t~ fe~twn fb }qcidc}c` gnb tnw~} s i` tn w`df kæt) Nbfe~twn gn bft kfqdhft nt w`wfbkniwn gn}nigcniwn gnb fe~twn gn ntwn }fqæknwq`)

Kfqdhf Fwqæt

Tc d~fig` wcnint v~n ~tfq bf kfqdhf fwqæt wn }fwcif gnkftcfg` f~kãiwfbf (gntfqq`bb` kæt bfqo`#

Tc }`q nb dìwqfqc` tn wn v~ngf nb d`dhn fhòfg` qngõdnbf (gntfqq`bb` kæt d`qw`#

K`w`q

Bëkcwn gn qn|`b~dcìnt gnb k`w`q

+F kfs`q iõknq` gn qn|`b~dcìnt kfs`q }`wnidcf s kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q (kfs`qwnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q ; kni`q lcfacbcgfg gn k`w`q#)

+F kni`q iõknq` gn qn|`b~dcìnt kni`q }`wnidcf s kni`q wnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q)



Wfkfö` gnb Qfgcfg`q

Nt ~i gn}ôtcw` d`k}~ntw` }`q bækcift }`q gìgn }ftf nb fo~f gnb l6

Nb qfgcfg`q nt nb nidfqofg` gn qnlqconqfq i~ntwq` k`w`q" s tì ntft fanqw~qft v~n tn

nid~niwqfi f fka`t bfg`t gnb kì`}bfuf s nidckf gn bf dfanuf gnb }cb`w`) î qfgcfg`q oqfignf~kniwfqf bf qnlqconqfdcôi gnb k`w`q }nq` gctkci~sn bf |nb`dcgfg ni bëinf qndwf s ~i` kni`qw`g` b` dìwqfqc`) Hfs fbo~i`t dcqd~cw`t v~n tn }~ngni gfq ~i }fq gn |~nbwft dì nb |fb`q këick`tci v~n nb k`w`q tn dfbn (tàqn w`g` }fqf dfbclcdfdcôi# }nq` d`k` gcen fiwnt wfkacãi gn}nigngn bf dìlco~qfdcôi v~n wniofk`t ftë d`k` gn bft qn|`b~dcìnt f v~n ntwn t`knwcg` ntwn" ntfdìtnefabn ~wcbcufq nb |fb`q këick` }fqf i` }nqgnq |nb`dcgfg }~iwf)

Ftcoifdcôi gnb w~qa`Nt nb kf}f gn cisnddcôi" ~i |fb`q fbw`5 d`qqn kæt s oftwf kæt oft`bcif }`q nb dìwqfqc` wcnin nb}nbcoq` gn v~nkfq fiwnt nb k`w`q: ~i |fb`q afe`5 d`qqn kni`t s oftwf kni`t oft`bcif s }qntnq|fkne`q nb d`dhn gn tàqndfbniwfkcniw`t)

Dìtne`5 gãefb` ni |fb`qnt afe`t }fqf dfqqnqf s ftcoif ~i a`wôi gn w~ |`bfiwn }fqf }ìnq nbw~qa` f w`}n ni k`kniw`t dìdqnw`t gn bf dfqqnqf) B` }~ngnt gnefq ni |fb`qnt fbw`t" }nq`gnant |cocbfq nb tàqndfbniwfkcniw` gnb k`w`q s/` f~kniwfq nb dìg~dw` gnb qfgcfg`q)

A``tw kf}}cio5 Kf}nfg` gn cisnddcôi)+F kfs`q a``tw kf}}cio kfs`q }`wnidcf s kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q)

+F kni`q a``tw kf}}cio kni`q }`wnidcf s kni`q wnk}nqfw~qf gn k`w`q

Lqni` k`w`q

Nt ~if l`qkf nt}ndcfb gn gctkci~cq bf |nb`dcgfg gnb d`dhn kngcfiwn nb }fq qntctwniwn gnb k`w`q)

D~fig` }ìnt nb lqni` k`w`q f = nt d~fig` ntwn `lqndn bf kæxckf qntctwnidcf ni bft lqnifgft"nt gndcq" tn ~tf kæt bf qntctwnidcf v~n `lqndn nb k`w`q }fqf fs~gfqtn f lqnifq" dbfq` v~nwfkacãi l~nquf kæt nb k`w`q s }~ngn hfdnq v~n g~qn kni`t) Ni dfkac` tnoõi tn f~kniwf ntwn|fb`q nb k`w`q `lqndn kni`t qntctwnidcf" gn l`qkf v~n ni |fb`qnt fbw`t nb k`w`q f}nift lqniffb d`dhn s w`gf bf wfqnf gn lqnifq qndfn tàqn b`t lqni`t" b` d~fb gntoftwf kæt b`t lqni`t" }nq`nb dfkac` nt kæt t~f|n s }qntnq|f kne`q nb k`w`q)



Fnq`gciækcdf

Fbnqôi gnbfiwnq`

Tc f~kniwft nb æio~b` qng~dcqæt nb t~a|cqfen f oqfi |nb`dcgfg) Tc gctkci~snt nb æio~b` qng~dcqætnb tàqn|cqfen f oqfi |nb`dcgfg s wfkacãi bf qntctwnidcf fnq`gciækcdf) Tn qnd`kcnigf v~n

~wcbcdnt nb kfs`q æio~b` }`tcabn tci v~n nbb`flndwn bf fnq`gciækcdf wqftnqf)

F~kniwf nb æio~b` gnb fbnqôi gnbfiwnq` }fqfàwninq kfs`q nlndw` t~nb` ni bf }fqwngnbfiwnqf gnb d`dhn" }fqf f~kniwfq nb fofqqn

gn b`t in~kæwcd`t gnbfiwnq`t s }fqf f~kniwfqbf wnignidcf gnb d`dhn f tàqn|cqfq ni d~q|ftf oqfi |nb`dcgfg) Kæt fbnqôi gnbfiwnq`qng~dcqæ bf fbw~qf gnbfiwnqf gntgn nb t~nb` tci` tn dfkacf bf g~qnuf gn b`t k~nbbnt)

Fbnqôi wqftnq`

Dì nb fbnqôi wqftnq` ntwfabndnqæt nb ic|nb gn fnq`gciækcdf gnb d`dhn) Dì b`t æio~b`t gn b`tfbnqìnt }nv~nö`t" dìtno~cqæt kæxckft |nb`dcgfgnt s këickf fghnqnidcf s qntctwnidcffnq`gciækcdf) Tc f~kniwft nb æio~b` bòqfqæt kæt fghnqnidcf fnq`gciæk cdf" }nq` i` }`gqætdìtno~cq |nb`dcgfgnt kæxckft) Tn qnd`kcnigf v~n ~wcbcdnt nb kfs`q æio~b` }`tcabn gnb fbnqôiwqftnq` s v~n b` nv~cbcaqnt dì nb gnbfiwnq`)

F~kniwf nb æio~b` gnb fbnqôi wqftnq` }fqfàwninq kfs`q nlndw` t~nb` ni bf }fqwnwqftnqf gnb d`dhn" }fqf f~kniwfq nb fofqqngn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t s }fqf f~kniwfqbf wnignidcf gnb d`dhn f t~a|cqfq ni d~q|ft foqfi |nb`dcgfg) Kæt fbnqôi wqftnq` qng~dcqæbf fbw~qf wqftnqf gntgn nb t~nb` tc i` tndfkacf bf g~qnuf gn b`t k~nbbnt) Nb æio~b`gnb fbnqôi wqftnq` cilb~sn gcqndwfkniwn ni



nb cidqnkniw` gn bf qntctwnidcf d~fig` f|fiuft" dì b` d~fb v~cuæt hfsf v~n qng~dcq bftqnbfdcìnt gn bft kfqdhft)

Dbftclcdfdcôi gn bf Dfqof Fnq`gciækcdf5

Afe`5 2 4> gn fbnqôi Kngc`5 94> gn fbnqôi 274 gn fbnqôi Fbw`5 974 gn fbnqôi

]nt`

Gctwqca~dcôi gn }nt` (G5W#

W`g`t b`t d`dhnt gn l`qk~bf 6 bbn|fi ~i`t }nt`t fgcdcìfbnt" }qcidc}fbkniwn }fqf d~k}bcq dì b`t<==Jo gn }nt` këick` ntwfabndcg`t }`q bf LCF) Ntw`t bftwqnt wfkacãi tn ~wcbcufi }fqf kne`qfqnb d`k}`qwfkcniw` gnb d`dhn ni b`t ocq`t" }nq` gnani tnq ntwæwcd`t n cikô|cbnt gniwq` gnb

d`dhn tnoõi bft i`qkft)Ntw`t tì d`b`dfg`t ntwqfwãocdfkniwn }fqf kfxckcufq nb oqc} s gn}nigcnig` gnb nxwqnk` gnbf~w` ni v~n tn d`b`v~ni gnwnqkcifi bf gctwqca~dcôi gn }nt`" s }`q b` wfiw`" t~ nv~cbcaqc` sd`k}`qwfkcniw`)

+Bbn|fq nb }nt` hfdcf gnbfiwn }q`|`df t~a|cqfen" qntwf wqfddcôi" f~kniwf nb gntoftwn gn b`tin~kæwcd`t gnbfiwnq`t s gctkci~sn nb gn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t)

+Bbn|fq nb }nt` hfdcf fwqæt }q`|`df tàqn|cqfen" f}`qwf wqfddcôi" gctkci~sn nb gntoftwn gn b`t

in~kæwcd`t gnbfiwnq`t s f~kniwf nb gntoftwn gn b`t wqftnq`t)Dfkacfq nb }nt` hfdcf fgnbfiwn }q`}`qdcìfqæ kæt fofqqn s kfs`q lfdcbcgfg fb w`kfq bft d~q|ft"ntw` }~ngn gntnv~cbcaqfq bf }fqwn wqftnqf gnb f~w`) Tc nb f~w` }cnqgn fofqqn ni bf }fqwn wqftnqfnt }`qv~n ~twng hf }~ntw` nb }nt` gnkftcfg` fgnbfiwfg`" }q~nan f~kniwfig` bf afqqfntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf" fabfigfig` bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf (~if t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf kæt t~f|nqng~dn bf l~nquf fb afefq bf |nb`dcgfg s n|cwf v~n tn tfbof d~fig` bf }fqwn wqftnqf tn k~n|n fblqnifq ni ~if d~q|f# ` fgcdcìfig` kft dfqof fb fbnqôi wqftnq`)



Gctwqca~dcôi }nt` Bfwnqfb (C5G#

F}qnwfig` hfdcf bf cuv~cnqgf nb dìwqf}nt` tn tcw~fqæ ni nb bfg` cuv~cnqg`: s tc bn gft }fqf bf

gnqndhf tnqæ fb dìwqfqc`) Bf gctwqca~dcôi gnb }nt` tàqn w`g` cilb~sn ni nb }ft` }`q d~q|f) înenk}b`5 ni dcqd~cw`t v~n }qckfqfi bft d~q|ft f gnqndhf" gnanqë ft ndhfq nb dìwqf}nt` fb bfg`gnqndh`" }fqf v~n hcdcnqf l~nquf tàqn bft q~ngft gnb bfg` gnqndh` s d`k}nitn nb gntoftwn v~ntn }q`g~dn ni bft q~ngft gnb bfg` cuv~cnqg`)

]`q i`qkf oninqfb i` nt fdìtnefabn w`dfqb` s gnefq nb }nt` ni >=5>=" f~iv~n ni fbo~i `tdcqd~cw`t }`gqëf tnq ciwnqntfiwn ndhfq ntn }nt` hfdcf ~i` gn b`t bfg`t (t`b` b` fdìtnefqëf nidcqd~cw`t ni v~n 3=. gn bft d~q|ft l~nqfi hfdëfi ~i bfg`#)

Gcqnddcôi Ab`v~n` gn gcqnddcôi

Ntw` gnwnqkcif nb qfgc̀ gn ocq` gn i~ntwqf gcqnddcôi) î kfs`q qfgc` gn ocq` i`t }nqkcwn ocqfqni bft d~q|ft kæt qæ}cg` }nq` }`q `wqf }fqwn }`gnk`t }fgndnq gn t~a|cqfen fb tfbcq s ~i` dìkni`q oqfg` ocqfqnk`t kæt gnt}fdc` }nq` nb d`dhn t~a|cqfqf kni`t ni bf tfbcgf s tnqæ kætntwfabn ni bëinf qndwf) Ntdòcnig` ~i ab`v~n` afe` gn gcqnddcôi" lqnifqæ s ocqfqæ kæt wfqgn bfgcqnddcôi" b` v~n }~ngn oftwfq kæt b`t in~kæwcd`t)

]fqf Kìuf }qàfabnkniwn gntnfqf ~i afe` ab`v~n` gn gcqnddcôi" dnqdfi` f 68" }fqf Kôifd`gntnfqæ nb kæxck` ic|nb gn ab`v~n` gn gcqnddcôi }fqf w`gft bft d~q|ft dnqqfgft)

Lqni`t

Gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf

Gnwnqkcif bf }q`}`qdcôi gn bf lqnifgf gn dfgf nen) Bft qfuìnt gn tnq gn ntwn fe~twn tì nbkcickcufq bf gctwfidcf gn lqnifg` s n|cwfq }ãqgcgft gn dìwq`b ni bf lqnifgf) Bf gctwqca~dcôi gnlqnifgf tn gnan bbn|fq wfi fwqftfg` d`k` tnf }`tcabn }fqf i` }nqgnq nlcdcnidcf ni bf lqnifgf)

+Gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf gnkftcfg` fgnbfiwfgf5 Ab`v~nfi k~dh` fiwnt bft q~ngft gnbfiwnqftv~n bft wqftnqft" nb d`dhn tn qntctwn f w`qdnq (t~a|cqfen# s i` tn kcickcuf bf gctwfidcf gnlqnifg`)



+Gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf gnkftcfg` fwqftfgf5 Ab`v~nfi k~dh` fiwnt bft q~ngft wqftnqft v~nbft gnbfiwnqft" nb d`dhn wq`k}nf (tàqn|cqfen# s i` tn kcickcuf bf gctwfidcf gn lqnifg`)

+Gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf }nqlndwf5 Ab`v~nfi bft d~fwq` q~ngft f bf |nu" nb d`dhn tn kfiwcninnv~cbcaqfg` ni bf lqnifgf s tn kcickcuf bf gctwfidcf gn lqnifg`

Nt k~dh` kæt }nbcoq`t` bbn|fq bf gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf gnkftcfg` fwqftfgf v~n fgnbfiwfgf)B`t nlndw`t gnb wq`k}n` f df~tf gn bf gctwqca~dcôi gn lqnifgf tì kæt cidìwq`bfabnt v~n nb i`}`gnq w`qdnq)

Fgnkæt f kngcgf v~n oftwfk`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t ni" }`q nenk}b`" ~i twciw" nb d`dhnindntcwf ~if gctwqca~dcôi kæt fgnbfiwfgf }fqf i` wq`k}nfq) Nt }`q ntw` v~n tcnk}qn tn bbn|f bfgctwqca~dcôi fbo` kæt fgnbfiwfgf ni dfqqnqf gn b` v~n ~i` dqnn v~n |f }nqlndw` }`q }qndf~dcôi)

Dìg~dw` gn qnlqconqfdcôi gn b`t lqni`t

Fiwnt gn ifgf" hnk`t gn tfanq v~n bf õicdf kfinqf bnofb gn qnlqconqfq b`t gctd`t gn lqni` ni~i L6" nt ~tfig` nb lb~e` gn fcqn bck}c` d`k` nbnkniw` nilqcfg`q s qnlqconqfg`q) ]fqf nx}bcdfqntwn tctwnkf gn qnlqconqfdcôi" nk}nufqnk`t }`q nb }qcidc}c`)

W`g`t tfank`t" v~n f }ntfq gn v~n bf lcaqf gn dfqaì` }~ngn t`}`qwfq fbwft wnk}nqfw~qft" bfqnlqconqfdcôi nt l~igfkniwfb }fqf ofqfiwcufq v~n b`t lqni`t tcofi gntnk}nöfig` t~ l~idcôi fb` bfqo` gn bft õbwckft |~nbwft gn ~if dfqqnqf) ]fqf v~n ntw` `d~qqf" nb àenwc|` }qcidc}fb gnw`g` cionicnq`" nt ciwniwfq v~n bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn ntw`t tn kfiwniof fbqngng`q gn b`t <>=µD" sf v~n ntwf nt bf wnk}nqfw~qf cgôinf" f bf d~fb l~idcìfi }nqlndwfkniwn ntwn wc}` gn lqni`t)



Wnk}nqfw~qf cgôinf gn b`t lqni`t ni L6

]fqf bòqfq ntw`" b`t gctd`t gn lqni` gn ~i l`qk~bf 6 }qntniwfi ~if tnqcn gn dìg~dw`t" }fqflfdcbcwfq bf niwqfgf gn fcqn ni nb ciwnqc`q gn bf q~ngf }q`}`qdcìfig` ~i lb~e` gn fcqn dìtwfiwnni nb tctwnkf gn lqni`t" v~n bòqn qnlqconqfq b`t kctk`t)

\fb`q i`qkfb 6) F~kniwfq tc hfs }qàbnkft dì bf wnk}nqfw~qf) Tc lqnif wfqgn ni bft d~q|ft"indntcwfqæ qnlqconqfq kæt nb lqni` ~wcbcufig` ~i dìg~dw` gn lqni` kæt fbw`) Tc lqnifwnk}qfi` s kni`t lqnd~niwnkniwn" niwìdnt gnan wninq ~i wfkfö` gn dìg~dw` gn lqni` gn 6)

]qntcôi gn lqni`t

]qntcôi gn lqnifg`5 Oqfgõf" ni }`qdniwfen" bf }qntcôi v~n bf }ciuf nenqdn tàqn nb gctd` gn

lqni`" tcnig` nb 6==. nb Kæxck` gn }qntcôi)

Nlndw`t5 F kfs`q }qntcôi: kæt }`gnq gn lqnifgf" kæt wnk}nqfw~qf ni b`t gctd`t" kæt gntoftwngn lqni`t)))

Qnd`knigfdcìnt5 Oninqfbkniwn fb 6==. tc wcnint ~i }ngfb oqfg~fb gn lqni`) Ni dcqd~cw`tgìgn b`t lqni`t t~lqni k~dh`" d`k` nb gn Ocbbnt \cbbnin~|n (Dfifgf#" }~ngn i` aftwfq dìf~kniwfq fb kæxck` nb dìg~dw` gn qnlqconqfdcôi gn b`t lqni`t }fqf }`gnq fdfafq bf dfqqnqf)]~ngnt fv~ë afefq bf }qntcì gn lqnifgf }fqf fbc|cfq bf wnk}nqfw~qf s nb gntoftwn gn lqni`t)

îf }qntcôi gnb lqni` kæt afef bn }nqkcwcqæ lqnifq kæt wfqgn fb w`kfq bft d~q|ft" s bn}q`}`qdcìfqæ kæt `}`qw~icgfgnt gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`t" }nq` f nx}nitft gn indntcwf q ~if kfs`qqnlqconqfdcôi }fqf n|cwfq nb tàqndfbniwfkcniw` gn b`t lqni`t (~i wfkfö` kfs`q gnb dìg~dw`gnb lqni`#)

îf }qntcôi gnb lqni` kæt fbwf bn hfqæ }qàfabnkniwn ab`v~nfq t~t q~ngft fb lqnifq) îf}qntcôi gnb lqni` kæt afef" bn }nqkcwcqæ wninq ~i dìg~dw` gn lqni` kæt }nv~nö` }fqf v~n~twng }~ngf ofifq kfs`q |nb`dcgfg ni bftqndwft)

Ab`v~n` gnb Gclnqnidcfb

Nb gclnqnidcfb nt ~i tctwnkf kndæicd` v~n}nqkcwn f bft q~ngft gnb nen }qckfqc` (nenwqftnq` }fqf i`t`wq`t# qnd`qqnq gctwciwftgctwfidcft ni d~q|f tci v~n bf q~ngf ciwnqc`q tn



|nf fqqftwqfgf) Dì gclnqnidcfbnt f~wàb`dfiwnt d`k` b`t gn b`t lôqk~bft 6 tn }~ngn ntdònq nb}`qdniwfen gn ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb }fqf gnwnqkcifq t~ nv~cbcaqc` s d`k}`qwfkcniw`)

Gnan ntdònq nb kæt afe` }`qdniwfen gn ab`v~n` gclnqnidcfb dì nb v~n }~ngf kfiwninqdìwq`bfg` nb f~w` g~qfiwn bft d~q|ft )

+F~kniwfq nb Ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb (gcllnqniwcfb b`dj }~k}# }q`|`df t~a|cqfen" lfdcbcwf nbgnqqf}fen dìwq`bfg` ni d~q|ft qæ}cgft s f~kniwf nb gntoftwn gn b`t in~kæwc d`t wqftnq`t)

+Gctkci~cq nb Ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb (gcllnqniwcfb b`dj }~k}# }q`|`df tàqn|cqfen" gclcd~bwf nbgnqqf}fen dìwq`bfg` ni d~q|ft qæ}cgft s gctkci~sn nb gntoftwn gn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t)

B`t nlndw`t gnb gclnqnidcfb tôb` tn hfdni i`wfq d~fig ` nb }cb`w` }ctf nb fdnbnqfg`q ` kcniwqftb` t~nbwf (qnwnidcôi gnb k`w`q#

]`wnidcfFdnbnqfdcôi gclnqnidcfb

L~idcìf co~fb v~n nb Ab`v~n` gn gclnqnidcfb (gcllnqniwcfb b`dj }~k}#" }nq` tôb` wcnin nlndw`t nibf fdnbnqfdcôi s i` ni bf qnwnidcôi gnb k`w`q" s t~t nlndw`t tì kæt gãacbnt)

Cinqdcf

Gndnbnqfdcôi Gclnqnidcfb

L~idcìf co~fb v~n nb Ab`v~n` gn gclnqnidcfb (gcllnqniwcfb b`dj }~k}#" }nq` tôb` wcnin nlndw`t nibf qnwnidcôi gnb k`w`q s i` ni bf fdnbnqfdcôi" s t~t nlndw`t tì kæt gãacbnt)

]qndfqof

]qndfqof gnb Gclnqnidcfb

I~ntwq`t kì`}bfuft |fi dì nkaqfo~n }cb`wfg`" ntw` nt ~i gct}`tcwc|` v~n nbckcif bf indntcgfggn f}qnwfq nb nkaqfo~n }fqf dfkacfq gn kfqdhf }`q }fqwn gnb }cb`w`) Ntwn gct}`tcwc|` wfkacãi

gnwnqkcif bf qf}cgnu gn fdw~fdcôi tàqn nb nkaqfo~ n }q`g~dcnig` kæt ` kni`t aq~tv~ngfgntni b`t dfkac`t gn kfqdhft)

Ntwn nt nb nlndw` }qcidc}fb gn bf ]qnofqof gnb Gclnqnidcfb" gnwnqkcifig` bf aqõtv~ngfg dì v~nniwqf ~if kfqdhf5

+î |fb`q fbw` gn bf ]qnofqof gnb Gclnqnidcfb oninqf dfkac`t gn kfqdhft t~f|n t" }nqgcnig` fbo`gn fdnbnqfdcôi)



+î |fb`q afe` gn bf ]qnofqof gnb Gclnqnidcfb oninqf dfkac`t gn kfqdhft aq~td`t" ofifig` fbo`gn fdnbnqfdcôi" }nq` dì gclcd~bwfgnt gn kfiwninq nb dìwq`b ni dfkac`t gn kfqdhf ni d~q|ft)Fgnkæt" }`q t~ fddcôi ni kfqdhft d`qwft cidqnkniwf nb gntoftwn gn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t)

T^T]NITC@I

Afqqft ntwfacbcufg`qft

Bft afqqft fiwc|~nbd` tì d`k` !k~nbbnt bfwnqfbnt!) Wqfitlcnqni nb }nt` gn ~i bfg` gnb d`dhn fb`wq`" fat`qacnig` }fqwn gn ãb s qn}fqwcnig` bf |nb`dcgfg gn ntf wqfitlnqnidcf gn}nigcnig` gnb` g~qft v~n tn fe~twni) Tì bf }qcidc}fb kfinqf gn dìwq`bfq nb nv~cbcaqc` kndæicd` gnb d`dhn)Tc i`wft v~n nb d`dhn wcnin wnignidcf f t~a ` tàqn|cqfq ni ~if d~q|f bfqof" fe~twf }qcknq` bft

afqqft fiwc|~nbd` }fqf ciwniwfq t`b~dcìfqb )̀

îf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf fbwf }q`}`qdcìfqæ kfs`q |nb`dcgfg }nq` kni`t fofqqn) îf afqqfntwfacbcufg`qf afef }nqkcwcqæ fb f~w`kô|cb w`kfq kne`q bft d~q|ft" tc bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qflqìwfb nt aftwfiwn afef (6==# niwìdnt bf }fqwf ciwnqif gn bf q~ngf gnbfiwnqf tn bn|fiwfqæ gnbf }ctwf fb w`kfq bf d~q|f" }nq` kæt }nt` hfaqæ tàqn bf }fqwn nxwnqif gnb in~kæwcd` s kæt}nt` ni bf }fqwn nxwnqif gn bf q~ngf tcoiclcdf kæt fofqqn" hftwf v~n bf q~ngf tn d`kcniuf f

tàqndfqofq (gnkftcfgf wqfitlnqnidcf gn }nt`# s nb f~w`tn |f l~nqf)

D`k` kfs`q }nt` nt wqfitlnqcg` f bf }fqwn gnbfiwnqfd~fig` lqnif }fqf w`kfq bf d~q|f" ~if afqqfntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf kæt afef }~ngn ~tfqtnwqfiv~cbfkniwn" ~i iõknq` fbw` d`k` (6==# }fqf bf afqqfntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf kfiwnigqæ kne`q bf d`bf gnb f~w`ni bf }ctwf" }nq` ~i kni`q }nt` tnqæ wqfitlnqcg` fb `wq`

bfg` gnb f~w` }fqf gfq kfs`q fofqqn fb w`kfq bf d~q|f" ~wcbcufig` ~i iõknq` afe` d`k` (>=#}fqf bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf" gfqæ kfs`q wqfitlnqnidcf gn }nt` f bf }fqwn nxwnqif gn

bft q~ngft s gfqæ kfs`q fofqqn" }nq` bf }fqwn ciwnqif gnb in~kæwcd` }`gqëf fbufqtn gn bf }ctwf s }q`}`qdcìfq kni`t wqfddcôi)

Gnbfiwnqf

+Fiwc+q`bb afqt g~qft (|fb`q oqfign#5 Kni`q oqc} ni t~}nqlcdcnt bctft s afdhnfgft" kne`qqnt}~ntwf" kfs`q gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)



+Fiwc+q`bb afqt abfigft (|fb`q }nv~nö`#5 Kfs`q oqc} ni t~}nqlcdcnt bctft s afdhnfgft" }n`qqnt}~ntwf" kni`q gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

W qftnqf

+Fiwc+q`bb afqt g~qft (|fb`q oqfign#5 Kni`q oqc} ni t~}nqlcdcnt bctft s afdhnfgft" kne`qqnt}~ntwf" kfs`q gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

+Fiwc+q`bb afqt abfigft (|fb`q }nv~nö`#5 Kfs`q oqc} ni t~}nqlcdcnt bctft s afdhnfgft" }n`qqnt}~ntwf" kni`q gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

Bft fiwc+q`bb afqt |fi kæt g~qft ni nb nen gnbfiwnq` v~n ni nb wqftnq` }fqf dìtno~cq ~if a~nifqnt}~ntwf)

]qntcôi gn in~kæwcd`t

Nb fe~twn ô}wck` wfkacãi gn}nign gn k~dh`t lfdw`qnt5 nb nv~cbcaqc` gnb d`dhn" nb wc}` gn o`kft"bf d`k}`tcdcôi s wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf }ctwf" nwd)

Bf qnobf oninqfb" v~n hfs v~n ciwnq}qnwfq dì t~k` d~cgfg`" nt5 Kfs`q }qntcôi oninqf kæt dfb`q s kæt qcocgnu) S |cdn|nqtf) Niwìdnt" tc kæt }qntcôi ck}bcdf kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf" °hfs v~nt~acqbft }fqf kne`qfq nb fofqqn0 ]~nt të s i`) T~acq bf }qntcôi tcoiclcd f ~if f~kniw` kæt qæ}cg`gn bf wnk}nqfw~qf b` v~n }~ngn bbn|fq f tàqndfbniwfqbf ni dfqqnqft gn ~if dcnqwf g~qfdcôi)

Wfkacãi tcoiclcdf ~i kne`q q`gfen ni qndwft s ~if kæt qæ}cgf qnt}~ntwf fb |`bfiwn)

Tci nkafqo`" ck}bcdf ~if }ãqgcgf ni bf df}fdcgfg gn lbn xcôi gn bf o`kf fb f~kniwfq bf qcocgnu"dì kfs`q }`tcacbcgfg gn gntbcufkcniw` s" ni nb dft` nxwqnk`" ~if kni`q t~}nqlcdcn gn dìwfdw`fb fa`kafq bf afigf gn q`gfg~qf)



Afefq bf }qntcôi" }`q nb dìwqfqc`" tcoiclcdf ~if kfs`q df}fdcgfg gn lbnxcôi gnb in~kæ wcd`}nqkcwcnig` ~if kfs`q qntctwnidcf fb gntbcufkcniw` ni d~q|f" kne`q fofqqn ni ocq`" tc acni ntdcnqw` v~n wfqgfqf kæt ni fgv~cqcq wnk}nqfw~qf)

Wfkacãi kne`qf bf dfiwcgfg gn t~}nqlcdcn gn dìwfdw` tcnk}qn v~n bf }qntcôi i` tnf

nxdntc|fkniwn afef) F~iv~n ni dfqqnqft kæt d`qwft ` dì wcnk}` k~s lqë`" }~ngn t~dngnq v~nnb ~t` gn }qntcìnt k~s afeft ck}cgf v~n nb in~kæwcd` bbno~n f fbdfiufq t~ wnk}nqfw~qff}q`}cfgf gn wqfafe`)

D`k}~ntw`t)

D~fiw` kæt abfigft tì bft o`kft kni`t }qntcôi qnv~cnqni) Bft o`kft g ~qft fgkcwni kfs`q}qntcôi sf v~n fgv~cnqni wnk}nqfw~qf bniwfkniwn)

W c}` gn }ctwf)

D~fiw` kæt faqftc|f nt ~if }ctwf" kfs`q qùfkcniw` }q`|`df s kfs`q nt nb f~kniw` gnwnk}nqfw~qf" b` v~n tn d`k}nitf afefig` bf }qntcôi) D~fig` tn fd~k~bf o`kf ni bf }ctwf t~ dngnfbo` }fqndcg` sf v~n }q`|`df kfs`q fofqqn s qntctwnidcf fb f|fidn) Ni ntwft dìgcdcìnt qnt~bwfdì|nicniwn afefq bf }qntcôi }fqf qng~dcq bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf o`kf" nt}ndcfbkniwn ni |nqfi`)

+F kfs`q }qntcôi" kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf s gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t ni nb a`qgn dniwqfb ` kngc`)

+F kni`q }qntcôi" kni`q wnk}nqfw~qf s gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t ni nb a`qgn dniwqfb ` kngc`)

Wftf gn K~nbbntB`t k~nbbnt tì aætcdfkniwn wfi t~f|nt ` qëocg`t d`k` bf t~t}nitcôi b` tnf) B`t k~nbbntgnwnqkcifi bf dfiwcgfg gn fofqqn v~n nb f~w` wnigqæ)

K~nbbnt abfig`t K~nbbnt g~q`t

+Fbw` ic|nb gn fofqqn+Kfs`q qnt}~ntwf f bf dìg~ddcôi" kæt

qæ}cgf+Kni`q gntoftwn gn

in~kæwcd`t

+]`tcacbcgfg gn bbn|fq nb d`dhn kæt afe`

(kæt fofqqn#+Qnv~cnqni fbw~qf gn dhftct kætfbwf

+Kni`q fofqqn gn bft q~ngft

+Kni`q qnt}~ntwf f bfdìg~ddcôi

+Kfs`q gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t



°Dôk` gndcg` v~ã qcocgnu gn k~nbbnt ~wcbcufq0

]fqf bft }ctwft dì kæt |cniw`" b`t k~nbbnt gnanqæi cq b` kæt t~f|nt }fqf v~n nb f~w` w`knkne`q bft d~q|ft) Indntcwfqæ k~nbbnt lqìwfbnt kæt qëocg`t tc gntnf w`kfq dìtwfiwnkniwn b`ta`qgcbb`t) Ni ~if }ctwf dì i` k~dhft d~q|ft d`k` Kìuf" }~ngn ~tfq b`t k~nbbnt qëocg`t (63= /

67=# }`qv~n bft d~q|ft i` tì ~i }qàbnkf" ~twng wfkacãi dìtco~n afefq bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct}`qv~n nb f~w` qna`wfqæ kni`t s qft}fqæ i` wfi f kni~g` dì bf }ctwf)

Tcnk}qn gnan wninq kæt qëocg`t b`t k~nbbnt gnbfiwnq`t v~n b`t wqftnq`t) K~nbbnt kæt t~f|nt"}q`}`qdcìfqæi kæt fofqqn s qng~dcqæi b`t ocq`t gn bft q~ngft ni bf }fqwn wqftnqf gnb |nhëd~b`)Ni ~if }ctwf gôign ~twng indntcwf t~acq aftwfiwn }`q b`t a`qgcbb`t (d`k` Kìfd`# }~ngn wninqb`t k~nbbnt t~f|nt (64=/3=#" }nq` wcnin v~n nv~cbcaqfq niwqn bf tnitcacbcgfg s bf wnk}nqfw~qfgnb in~kæwcd`)

Ni F~twqfbcf (68> /61=# nt a~ni`" bf qcocgnu gn bf }fqwf gnbfiwnqf }nqkcwn fd`qwfq bft d~q|ft}`q nidckf gn b`t a`qgcbb`t tci gföfq nb nv~cbcaqc` gnb f~w`" }`qv~n b`t afdhnt tì w`kfg`t kætbniwfkniwn s bf t~t}nitcôi tn qntwfabndn b` t~lcdcniwnkniwn qæ}cg` }fqf v~n nb f~w` i` tngntntwfacbcdn }`q k~dh` wcnk}`) Tc }cnqgn nb dìwq`b kcniwqft w`kf bft d~q|ft }qàfabnkniwnindntcwfqf v~n t~ t~t}nitcôi gnbfiwnqf tn nid~niwqn f}q`xckfgfkniwn niwqn 68=+63=)

Tn }cnqgn nb dìwq`b wfkacãi nt }`qv~n bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf }~ngn ntwfq gnkftcfg` fbwf" ~ifdìlco~qfdcôi gn 66= ni bf kfs`qëf gn bft }ctwft gnwnigqæ bf gntdfqof qæ}cgf ni bf }fqwnwqftnqf v~n df~tf gnqqf}nt) I` tn `b|cgn gnt}~ãt gn fe~twfq b`t k~nbbnt" kcqfq bf wnk}nqfw~qf

gnb in~kæwcd` s gnt}~ãt fe~twfq nb æio~b` gn dfëgf)

K~nbbnt qëocg`t ; indntcwfi kni`t æio~b` gn dfëgf inofwc|`)

K~nbbnt t~f|nt ; indntcwfi kæt æio~b` gn dfëgf inofwc|`)

Tc |ft f ~tfq k~dh` b`t }cfi`t indntcwfqæt qnobfent kæt g~q`t ni b`t k~nbbnt" nt}ndcfbkniwn tcb`t }cfi`t i` ntwæi gctnöfg`t }fqf tnq ~tfg`t(fbo~i`t }cfi`t wcnini }`df ` i~bf cilb~nidcf ni nbd`dhn" `wq`t wcnini ~i nlndw` këick` s `wq`t wn

bfiufi }`q nb fcqn (¦gnant dì`dnq ntw`t õbwck`t&##)]fqf b`t v~n ntwæi gctnöfg`t }fqf }ftfq }`q nbb`ti` wn gnani }qn`d~}fq b`t fe~twnt gn b`t k~nbbnt"}nq` tc v~cnqnt }ftfq }`q bf dhcdfin Dftci` wfiqæ}cg` d`k` }~ngft" indntcwfqæt nig~qndnq b`tk~nbbnt)



D~fig` kfic}~bnt b`t k~nbbnt qnd~nqgf v~n l~idcìfi e~iw` dì dftc w`g`t b`t gnkæt nbnkniw`tgnb d`dhn" s fb k`gclcdfqb`t flndwf f bf fbw~qf gn dhftct (}`q b` wfiw` wfkacãi f b`t ]fdjnqt(fq`t gn o~fqicdcôi#" Fiwc+Q`bb Afqt (afqqft fiwc|~nbd`#" nv~cbcaqc` gn lqni`t" fe~twnt gnfk`qwco~fg`qnt ± dftc f w`g`t b`t nbnkniw`t gn b`t qnobfent gnb d`dhn) ]`q nenk}b`" fb fabfigfq

b`t k~nbbnt gnbfiwnq`t tn }q`|`df v~n nb d`dhn tn h~igf kæt gnb k`qq` fb lqnifq (b`t k~nbbntgnbfiwnq`t tn d`k}qckni hfdcnig` v~n afen nb k`qq`#" s" }`q b` wfiw`" bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct tngnan bn|fiwfq ni bf }fqwn gnbfiwnqf)

Wfkacãi tn cidqnkniwfqæ nb fofqqn" }q`g~dcg` }`q nb }nt` gnb d`dhn" ni nb k`qq` (sf v~n ~ik~nbbn abfig` cidqnkniwf nb fofqqn" nt}ndcfbkniwn fb lqnifq# niwìdnt hfaqæ v~n fe~twfq nbnv~cbcaqc` gn b`t lqni`t) Fb fe~twfq b`t k~nbbnt tn flndwfi k~dhft `wqft }fqwnt gnb d`dhn" }`qwfiw`" }cnitf gnwnicgfkniwn b` v~n |ft f hfdnq)

Fk`qwco~fg`qnt

Nt ~i d`k}ìniwn ck}`qwfiwn gn bf t~t}nitcôi v~n }nqkcwn v~n bft q~ngft tn }no~ni fb t~nb`

+Tb` (bniw`t#5 B`t !tb`! (tb` a~k} s tb` qna`~ig# tì b`t nidfqofg`t gn fk`qwco~fq ni b`tocq`t" fdnbnqfdcìnt s gndnbnqfdcìnt ` lqnifgf gn d~fbv~cnq uìf" afdhnfgf ` i`" gn bf }ctwf)Tì kæt dìw~igniwnt v~n b`t !lftw! }fqf gnwnqkcifq bft dìgcdcìnt gn oqc}" qnt}~ntwf sgntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t gn i~ntwq` kì`}bfuf)

T~ fe~twn ciwnq|cnin ni nb oqc} s nv~cbcaqc` kndæicd` gn bft uìft afdhnfgft ` dì fbw`t }cfi`t" s wfkacãi gn bft uìft bctft (i` afdhnfgft#)

+A~k} (gn afdhn ` d`k}qntcôi#5 B`t !a~k}! (lftw a~k} s tb` a~k}# tì b`t nidfqofg`t gndìwq`bfq bf d`k}qntcôi gn b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt)

Qntwqciocnig` bf d`k}qntcôi dì ~i |fb`q fbw` gnb !a~k}! tn oninqf ~i ntdft` oqc}" a~nifqnt}~ntwf s fbw` gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t" s dì ~i |fb`q afe` gnb !a~k}! tn oninqf k~dh` oqc}"kfbf qnt}~ntwf s afe` gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

T~ fe~twn ciwnq|cnin ni fv~nbbft tcw~fdcìnt ni v~n b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt gn ntn nen ntwæid`k}qckcãig`tn)

Kcniwqft b`t k~nbbnt flndwfi bf dfiwcgfg gn tfbw` gnb f~w`" b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt flndwfi bf}q`}`qdcôi gnb qna`wn)

Qæ}cg` s bniw` fk`qwco~fkcniw`) Nt bf |nb`dcgfg f bf v~n bf q~ngf t~an ̀ afef)



Qæ}cg` fk`qwco~fkcniw`) ]nv~nö`t fe~twnt }fqf kfinefq nb f~w` tàqn b`t afdhnt)

Bniw` fk`qwco~fkcniw`) ]nv~nö`t fe~twnt }fqf kne`qfq nb kfine` fb w`kfq bft d~q|ft)

Tc nb f~w`kô|cb i` ntwæ acni kfinefabn tàqn b`t afdhnt niwìdnt nb fk`qwco~fg`q gn qna`wn nt

b` v~n gnan dfkacfq)î fk`qwco~fg`q qëocg` bn gfqæ kfs`q ntwfacbcgfg ni bft d~q|ft)

î fk`qwco~fg`q t~f|n" bn gfqæ kæt fofqqn ni bft d~q|ft)

I`qkf5 ]fqf nb d`qqndw` fe~twn gn b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt" ntw`t gnani ntwfq t~enw`t f bfttco~cniwnt dìgcdcìnt5

+B`t !lftw!" fb tnq b`t qnt}ìtfabnt gn bft uìft afdhnfgft" gìgn bf d`k}qntcôi s nx}fitcôignan tnq kæt qæ}cgf" gnani cq kæt abfig`t v~n b`t !tb`! ni bf kctkf q~ngf" v~n tôb` tn k~n |nini b`t ocq`t" fdnbnqfdcìnt s gndnbnqfdcìnt)

+]fqf ~ift d`qqndwft d`k}qntcôi s nx}fitcôi" b`t !qna`~ig! gnani tnq kfs`qnt v~n b`t !a~k}!gn bf kctkf q~ngf)

°V~ã |fb`q indntcw` }fqf b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt0

I`qkfbkniwn nt k~s gclëdcb gndcq v~n dìlco~qfdcôi gn fk`qwco~fg`qnt gnanqëf wninq" }nq` ni

w`g` dft` tôb` wcnin ~i }nv~nö` nlndw` tàqn nb kfine` gnb f~w`)Tc ~twng tfan v~n t~ f~w` nt cintwfabn ni bft d~q|ft" niwìdnt }qàfabnkniwn gntnf wninq ~i`tfk`qwco~fg`qnt qëocg`t (cidqnkniwfig` nb |fb`q# )

Tc t~ f~w` indntcwf kæt fofqqn fb w`kfq bft d~q|ft" niwìdnt }qàfabnkniwn ~twng gntnf ~i`tfk`qwco~fg`qnt t~f|nt (gctkci~snig` nb |fb`q#)



Fk}bcfdcôi

Fh`qf |fb`qfqnk`t dì nenk}b`t dfgf tcw~fdcôi ciwnq}qnwfig` v~n fk`qwco~fg`qnt cilb~sni

}fqf ftë tfanq v~n }fqæknwq` gn bf fk`qwco~fdcôi gnank`t w`dfq }fqf a~tdfq nb nlndw`gntnfg`)

Nenk}b` 65 Lqnifgf tàqn t~}nqlcdcn bctf) ]`q tnq t~}nqlcdcn bctf (i` afdhnfgf# niwnignk`t v~nb`t !lftw! i` ciwnq|cnini ni ntwf lqnifgf" }`q b` v~n fwnignqnk`t f b`t tb` a~k} s tb`qna`~ig }fqf fe~twfq d`k` v~nqnk`t v~n tnf bf gndnbnqfdcôi)

Ni bf lqnifgf !nb }nt` tn gnt}bfuf hfdcf gnbfiwn!" hfdcnig` d`k}qckcqtn (a~k}# f b`tfk`qwco~fg`qnt gnbfiwnq`t s nx}figcqtn (qna`~ig# f b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt wqftnq`t)

]`q b` wfiw`" gnank`t dìtcgnqfq f b`t tb` a~k} gnbfiwnq`t s f b`t tb` qna`~ig wqftnq`td`k` b`t v~n ciwnq|cnini ni ntwf tcw~fdcôi) Fabfigfig`b`t ` nig~qndcnig`b`t gnwnqkcifqnk`t nboqc} ni bf lqnifgf s" }`q b` wfiw`" bf gctwfidcf gn lqnifg`)

I`wf5 Ntwf tcw~fdcôi fdfaf fiwnt gn v~n nk}cndn nb ocq`" ni nb }~iw` 4)4" ni bf }æocif 18" tnnx}bcdf bf niwqfgf ni d~q|f)

Nenk}b` 15 Fdnbnqfdcôi tàqn t~}nqlcdcn bctf (wqfddcôi#) ]`q tnq t~}nqlcdcn bctf (i` afdhnfgf#niwnignk`t v~n b`t !lftw! i` ciwnq|cnini ni ntwf fdnbnqfdcôi (w qfddcôi#" }`q b` v~nfwnignqnk`t f b`t tb` a~k} s tb` qna`~ig }fqf fe~twfq d`k` v~nqnk`t v~n tnf bf fdnbnqfdcôi(wqfddcôi#)

Ni bf fdnbnqfdcôi !nb }nt` tn gnt}bfuf hfdcf fwqæt!" hfdcnig` nx}figcqtn (qna`~ig# f b`tfk`qwco~fg`qnt gnbfiwnq`t s d`k}qckcqtn ( a~k}# f b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt wqftnq`t) Fgnkætgnank`t wninq ni d~niwf v~n nb õicd` nen v~n wqfddcìf nt nb wqftnq`)

]`q b` wfiw`" gnank`t dìtcgnqfq f b`t tb` a~k} wqftnq`t d`k` b`t õicd`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt v~nciwnq|cnini ni ntwf tcw~fdcôi) Fabfigfig`b`t ` ni g~qndcnig`b`t gnwnqkcifk`t nb oqc} fb faqcq

oft s" }`q b` wfiw`" bf wqfddcôi)

I`wf5 Ntwf tcw~fdcôi nk}cnuf e~tw` gnt}~ãt gn v~n wnqkcin bf tfbcgf gn bf d~q|f" ni nb }~iw`4)4" ni bf }æocif 18" tn nx}bcdf bf tfbcgf gn bf d~q|f)



Nenk}b` 45 ]ft` }`q d~q|f tàqn t~}nqlcdcn bctf) ]`q tnq t~}nqlcdcn bctf (i` afdhnfgf#niwnignk`t v~n b`t !lftw! i` ciwnq|cnini ni ntwn }ft` }`q d~q|f" }`q b` v~n fwnignqnk`t f b`ttb` a~k} s tb` qna`~ig }fqf fe~twfq d`k` v~nqnk`t v~n tnf nb }ft` }`q d~q|f)

Ni nb }ft` }`q d~q|f" !nb }nt` tn gnt}bfuf hfdcf nb bfg` nxwnqc`q!" hfdcnig` d`k}qckcqtn (a~k}#

f b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt nxwnqc`qnt s nx}figcqtn (qna`~ig# f b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt ciwnqc`qnt)

]`q b` wfiw`" gnank`t dìtcgnqfq f b`t tb` a~k} nxwnqc`qnt s f b`t tb` qna`~ig ciwnqc`qntd`k` b`t v~n ciwnq|cnini ni ntwf tcw~fdcôi) Fabfigæig`b`t ` nig~qndcãig`b`t gnwnqkcifqnk`t nboqc} ni nb }ft` }`q d~q|f)

Ntwft tcw~fdcìnt gn b`t nenk}b`t 6 fb 4" tc h~acnqfi tcg` tàqn t~}nqlcdcn afdhnfgfdìtcgnqfqëfk`t f b`t !lftw! fgnkæt gn f b`t !tb`! d`k` cilb~sniwnt ni bft tcw~fdcìnt" dì b`tkctk`t dqcwnqc`t gn !a~k}! s !qna`~ig! gnbfiwnq`t s/` wqftnq`t)

Tci nkafqo` b`t !lftw!" fb tnq kni`t dìw~igniwnt ni t~t nlndw`t v~n b`t !tb`!" i`qkfbkniwnt~ õicdf dìtcgnqfdcôi nt nb gn bbn|fqb`t abfig`t ` g~ q`t ni l~idcôi gnb ntwfg` gn bf }ctwf(afdhnfg` s/` fbw`t }cfi`t ` bct` tci }cfi`t }qàbnkæwcd`t#)

W`}nt

B`t fq`t gn o~fqicdcôi bckcwfi nb qnd`qqcg` gn bf t~t}nitcôi }q`}`qdcìfig` ~i w`}n d~fig` bf

t~t}nitcôi bbnof fb bëkcwn) Ntw` tcoiclcdf v~n tc ~twng wcnin bf t~t}nitcôi t~f|n ~i fq` gno~fqicdcôi n|cwfqæ v~n t~ f~w` bbno~n fb bëkcwn)

°D~æiw`t fq`t gn o~fqicdcôi gna` ~tfq0

F}q`xckfgfkniwn )8 ni nb lqniwn s f}q`xckfgfkniwn 6)= fwqæt }fqf bf kfs`qëf gn bft }ctwft)Ni T}f+Lqfid`qdhfk}t ~twng }qàfabnkniwn gntnfqæ ~i fq` gn o~fqicdcôi kæt fbw` gn 1)= sfv~n t~ wqfufg` ntwæ bbni` gnafdhnt) Nf~ Q`~on wfkacãi nt ~if d~q|f k~s gntfoqfgfabn)

Fbw~qf gnb Dhftct)

Bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct oninqfbkniwn gnan }ìnqtn wfi afe` d`k` tnf }`tcabn tci df~tfq g~q fiwn~i bfqo` }nqë`g` qft}fg~qf tàqn bf }bfidhf gnb f~w`)B`t afdhnt gn bf }ctwf cigcdfi b f fbw~qf indntfqcf gnb dhftct) Fabfigfig` bf t~t}nitcôi" kæt



fbw` gnan cq bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct)Afefig` bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct tn oninqf ~if oqfi t~ddcôi (gf kfs`q fofqqn# afe` nb f~w`)

°V~ã fbw~qf gnb dhftct gna` ~tfq0

]fqf bf kfs`qëf gn bft }ctwft 6)? gn fbw~qf gnbfiwnqf gn dhftct s 1)3 gn fbw~qf gn dhftct wqftnqf"

bn gfqæ b` v~n ~twng indntcwf) Ni Kfois D`~qt }~ngn wninq ~if fbw~qf gn dhftct k~s afef d`k`(6)> / 1)1# tci qft}fq nb wfabôi gnb f~w`) Ntw` nt }`qv~n Kfois D`~qt nt k~s bbfi` s i` wcninicioõi afdhn oqfign) Ni }ctwft gôign ~twng indntcwf w`kfq b`t a`qgcbb`t }fqf dìtno~cq a~ni`twcnk}`t d`k` Ck`bf (Tfi Kfqci`# ~twng }`gqëf indntcwfq ~if fbw~qf gnb dhftct kæt fbwf d`k`(1)>/4)>#) îf afef fbw~qf gnb dhftct ni }ctwft gn afdhnt d`k` Aqftcb i` tcnk}qn nt b` kætqnd`knigfabn" sf v~n kne`q tn }~ngn bckcwfq bf t~t}nitcôi f w`kfq b`t afdhnt s }nqkcwcq v~n n bf~w` w`kn bft d~q|ft lædcbkniwn)

^twng }~ngn |nq ni bf ckfoni v~n bf fbw~qf gn dhftct nt w`wfbkniwn bf kæt afef" ntw` nt ni

Kìuf) Bft gctkci~dcìnt gn fbw~qf gnb dhftct hfdni v~n nb f~w` |fsf kæt qæ}cg` s tnft~ddcìfg` dìwqf bf }ctwf s lcifbkniwn ni b `t }~iw`t gn lqnifg`" nb f~w` bbnof fb lìg`) Tc~twng wcnin k~dh` nt}fdc` ni bf }fqwn afef gn t~ oqælcd` gn bf fbw~qf gnb dhftct" gnan afefq t~f~w`) B`t }cd`t tõacw`t i`qkfbkniwn `d~qqni d~fig` qùf ni bft d~q|ft" ni ntwn dft` }~ngncoi`qfq b`t }cd`t)

Afefig` nb k`qq` f~kniwfqæ ~i }`d` nb fofqqn gn bf }fqwn gnbfiwnqf" oninqfig` tàqn|cqfen ni~i d`dhn nv~cbcaqfg` ` t`b~dcìfqæ nb t~a|cqfen ni ~i` v~n i` b` ntwã)

Afefig` bf }fqwn wqftnqf f~kniwfqf ~i }`d` nb fofqqn gn fwqæt" oninqfig` t~a|cqfen ni ~id`dhn nv~cbcaqfg`" ` t`b~dcìfqf nb tàqn|cqfen)

Dfëgft

Nb æio~b` dfkanq ` dfëgf tn qnlcnqn fb æio~b` v~n l`qkfi bft q~ngft dì nb t~nb`" tc kcqfk`t fbd`dhn gntgn gnbfiwn ` gnwqæt) Ntwn æio~b` gnwnqkcif nb æqnf gn dìwfdw` gn dfgf q~ngfg~qfiwn nb ocq`" s dìtnd~niwnkniwn" t~ fofqqn ` df}fdcgfg gn wqfddcôi" }~ntw` v~n d~fiw`



kfs`q tnf nb æqnf gn dìwfdw` gn bf q~ngf dì nb t~nb`" kfs`q tnqæ t~ d`nlcdcniwn gn fofqqn sftë tn }`gqæ dìtno~cq kfiwninq ~if wnk}nqfw~qf ô}wckf ni nb in~kæwcd`)

Dfkanq I nofwc|` +<)= Dfkanq ]`tcwc|` *1)=

]fqf cidqnkniwfq bf wqfddcôi ni d~q|f" wnignqnk`t f ~i fe~t wn inofwc|` s |cdn|nqtf" dì ~i

dfkanq }`tcwc|` àwnigqnk`t nb nlndw` dìwqfqc`" }nq` }`q `wqf }fqwn wnigqnk`t kæt|nb`dcgfg ni bëinf qndwf" hfs v~n wninq ni d~n iwf v~n nb æio~b` dfk anq gnanqæ tnq nb kctk`}fqf bft g`t q~ngft gn ~i kctk` nen)

Fbo~i`t æio~b`t gn dfëgf }fqf gclnqniwnt }ctwft5

Tcb|nqtwìn5 +4)1 / +1)1

Kìuf5 +1)> / +6)3

T}f5 +1)< / +1)

F~twqfbcf +4)> / +1)>

Kfois D`~qt +4)1 / +1)6

Ck`bf +4)> / +1)7

T~u~jf +4)8 / +1)7

I~qa~qoqcio +4)= / +1)6 <

Niwqn kæt fbfqo~n nb ~t` gn t~ in~kæwcd`" kæt inofwc|` gnan tnq fb æio~b` gn dfëgf v~n gnan~tfq" ntw`t iõknq`t gn æio~b` gn dfëgf tì }fqf d`qqnq dì in~kæwcd`t g~qfiwn 6> +1= |~nbwftf}q`xckfgfkniwn dì gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd` gn 6x)

+F kfs`q |fb`q inofwc|`" kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf gnb a`qgn ciwnqc`q s kni`q wnk}nqfw~qf gnb a`qgnnxwnqc`q)



+F kni`q |fb`q inofwc|`" kfs`q wnk}nqfw~qf gnb a`qgn nxwnqc`q s kni`q wnk}nqfw~qf gnba`qgn ciwnqc`q)

Dìdb~tcìnt5

Bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf uìf nxwnqc`q gnb in~kfwcd` gnan tnq fb kni`t 3=µD)Bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf uìf ciwnqc`q gnan v~ngfq ~i`t 6>µ }`q nidckf gn bf nxwnqc`q)Bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf uìf kngcf gnan v~ngfq niwqn kngc` gn bft `wqft g`t ` 7 ~ 8 oqfg` t }`qnidckf

]fqf d`k}qàfq v~n tn hf dìlco~qfg` d`qqndwfkniwn hfs v~n gfq kcick` wqnt |~nbwft fbdcqd~cw`

Wnqdnq Fk`qwco~fg`q

Dfgf whcqg t}qcio (gnbfiwnq` s wqftnq`# nt ~i dìe~iw` gn }fqæknwq`t v~n tôb` fdw~fi d~fig`tn d`k}qckn ` nx}fign bf t~t}nitcôi gn ~i nen ni t~t g`t q~ngft }`q co~fb" gnefig` gn nkcwcqqntctwnidcf d~fig` bf t~t}nitcì gn ~if q~ngf tn d`k}qckn s bf gn bf `wqf q~ngf gnb kctk` nentn nx}fign) F }ntfq gn t~ }nd~bcfqcgfg t~t }fqæknwq`t (t}qcio qfwn" tb`/lftw a~k}/qna`~ig" s }fdjnqt# l~idcìfi co~fb v~n b`t !i`qkfbnt!" f~iv~n tôb` ni qndwf" dìgcdcìfig` nb oqc}lqnifig` s wqfddcìfig`)

T~ }qcidc}fb ~wcbcgfg nt bf gn oninqfq qntctwnidcf }fqf v~n bft dfqoft fnq`gciækcdft i` h~igfinb kì`}bfuf f fbwft |nb`dcgfgnt" n|cwfig` v~n q`dn nb l` ig` }bfi` dì nb ftlfbw`) Wfkacãi nintwn tniwcg`" t~t }fqæknwq`t fdw~fi co~fb v~n b`t !i`qkfbnt!" föfgcnig` ~if qntctwnidcf nxwqfv~n i` tn wqfg~dn ni kfs`q g~qnuf gn bf t~t}nitcôi ni nb }ft` }`q d~q|f)



Afdhnt s qna`wnt gnb wnqdnq k~nbbn

+Tb` (bniw`t#5 B`t !tb`! (tb` a~k} s tb` qna`~ig# tì b`t nidfqofg`t gn fk`qwco~fq ni b`t

ocq`t" fdnbnqfdcìnt s gndnbnqfdcìnt ` lqnifgf gn d~fbv~cnq uìf" afdhnfgf ` i`" gn bf }ctwf)Tì kæt dìw~igniwnt v~n b`t !lftw! }fqf gnwnqkcifq bft dìgcdcìnt gn oqc}" qnt}~n twf sgntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t gn i~ntwq` kì`}bfuf)

T~ fe~twn ciwnq|cnin ni nb oqc} s nv~cbcaqc` kndæicd` gn bft uìft afdhnfgft ` dì fbw`t }cfi`t" s wfkacãi gn bft uìft bctft (i` afdhnfgft#)

+A~k} (gn afdhn ` d`k}qntcôi#5 B`t !a~k}! (lftw a~k} s tb` a~k}# tì b`t nidfqofg`t gndìwq`bfq bf d`k}qntcôi gn b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt)

Qntwqciocnig` bf d`k}qntcôi dì ~i |fb`q fbw` gnb !a~k}! tn oninqf ~i ntdft` oqc}" a~nifqnt}~ntwf s fbw` gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t" s dì ~i |fb`q afe` gnb !a~k}! tn oninqf k~dh` oqc}"kfbf qnt}~ntwf s afe` gntoftwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

T~ fe~twn ciwnq|cnin ni fv~nbbft tcw~fdcìnt ni v~n b`t fk`qwco~fg`qnt gn ntn nen ntwæid`k}qckcnig`tn)

W`}nt gnb wnqdnq Fk`qwco~fg`q ` fq`t gn o~fqicdcôi

Tì fq`t gn o`kf v~n tn }ìni ni nb qnd`qqcg` gnb fk`qwco~fg`q }fqf bckcwfq nb lcifb gn t~qnd`qqcg`)

D~fig` nb lìg` }bfi` w`df nb t~nb` f fbwft |nb`dcgfgnt tn }~ngn f~kniwfq }fqf ck}ngcq v~nbbno~ni fb lcifb gn t~ qnd`qqcg` s nb lìg` }bfi` gnb d`dhn w`v~n nb t~nb`)

D~fig` v~nqnk`t v~n nb dhftct afen kft }fqf fdnqdfqtn fb t~nb` }`gnk`t v~cwfq oq`t`q f b`tw`}nt)

Gcl~t`q

Nt nb æio~b` l`qkfg` }`q dfgf fk`qwco~fg`q gnbfiwnq` dì nb nen |nqwcdfb v~n d`qwf f bf q~ngf}`q nb dniwq`)

+Dì ~i |fb`q fbw` bf gcqnddcôi nt lcqkn" }nq` bniwf gn qnfddcìnt)



+Dì ~i |fb`q afe` bf gcqnddcôi nt inq|c`tf" }nq` qæ}cgf gn qnfddcìnt)

Tc nt gnkftcfg` oqfign }`gqëf bn|fiwfq gnb }ct` bf q~ngf ciwnqc`q gnbfiwnqf ni ~i ocq`"}nqgcnig` oqc}) Tc tn qnfe~twf }~ngn dìgcdcìfq bf t~}nqlcdcn gn bf afigf gn q`gfg~qf gnbin~kæwcd` ni dìwfdw` dì nb ftlfbw` ni bft d~q|ft) Qnd`kcnig` bbn|fqb` tcnk}qn dì ~i |fb`q

}`tcwc|` ` dnq`) Tn fe~twf fb o~tw` gnb }cb`w`)

Wfkfö` gn gctd`

Gctd` gn lqni`5 Fv~ë tn dìlco~qf nb wfkfö` gnb gctd`gn lqni`) F kfs`q wfkfö` gn gctd`" kfs`q g~qfdcôignb kctk`" wfkacãi d~ntwf kæt dfbniwfqb`t }`q b`wfiw` kni`q }`gnq gn lqnifgf (f~iv~n ntw` ntqnbfwc|`" ~if |nu fbdfidn bf wnk}nqfw~qf cgnfb s

e~ofig` dì nb dìg~dw` lqnifqfi kne`q#" fdìtnefabn}fqf dcqd~cw`t nxconiwnt dì nb lqni`) F kni`q gctd` gn lqni`" kni`q g~qfdcôi gnb kctk`" tndfbcniwfi qæ}cgfkniwn s fbdfiufi fiwnt bf wnk}nqfw~qf cgnfb gn lqnifg`" }`q b` wfiw` kfs`q}`gnq gn lqnifgf (f~iv~n ntw` nt qnbfwc|`#" fdìtnefabn }fqf dbftclcdfdcôi" ` }fqf dcqd~cw`t}`d` nxconiwnt dì nb lqni` ` ni b`t d~fbnt nb lqni` tn kfiwcnin tcnk}qn k~s qnlqconqfg` }`qbfqoft qndwft)

Dì|nqonidcf + W`n+ciNb w`n nt nb æio~b` (hfdcf fgniwq` ` hfdcf l~nqf# ni nb d~fb ntwæi gcqcocgft bft q~ngft gntgn ~if|ctwf t~}nqc`q gnb d`dhn) !W`n+ci! (dì|nqonidcf# tcoiclcdf v~n bf }fqwn gnbfiwnqf gn b`tin~kæwcd`t ntwæi f}~iwfig` hfdcf fgniwq` (cigcdfg` }`q ~i }~iw` }`tcwc|` ni t~ dìlco~qfdcôi#" s !w`n+`~w!(gc|nqonidcf# tcoiclcdf v~n ntwæi f}~iwfig` hfdcf l~nqf (cigcdfg` }`q ~i iõknqìnofwc|`#) !W`n dnq`! tcoiclcdf v~n b`t in~kæwcd`t nt wæi }fqfbnb`t ~i` dì `wq`) D~fig` bftq~ngft ntwæi }nqlndwfkniwn }fqfbnbft i` hfs dì|nqonidcf s nt bf dìlco~qfdcôi fgnd~fgf }fqf~if kne`q |nb`dcgfg ni bëinf qndwf" dì bf këickf }ãqgcgf gn }`wnidcf s nb kni`q gntoftwn gn

o`kft)D~fbv~cnq æio~b` ciwq`g~dn ~i |fb`q gn qntctwnidcf fb f|fidn" s }q`|`df ~i kfs`q gntoftwngnacg` f v~n b`t in~kæwcd`t q~ngfi !fqqftwqæig`tn! dì ~i æio~b` qnt}ndw` f bf gcqnddcôi gnf|fidn) îf nxdntc|f dì|nqonidcf df~tf ~i gntoftwn fdnbnqfg` ni b`t a`qgnt nxwnqi`t gn b`tin~kæwcd`t kcniwqft v~n ~if nxdntc|f gc|nqonidcf }q`|`df b` kctk` ni b`t a`qgnt ciwnqc`qnt)



°D~æb nt nb fe~twn cgôin`0 Gn}nign gn b`t àenwc|`t gnb qnobfen) Hfs v~n a~tdfq nb d`k}q`kct`niwqn bf ntwfacbcgfg" bf lfdcbcgfg gn ocq` s nb gntoftwn gn o`kft) Tci nkaf qo`" ~i }cb`w` gndfqqnqft }~ngn tfdqclcdfq bf ntwfacbcgfg lqniwn f ~if kne`q qnt}~ntwf fb ocq`) ]`q nbb`" nidfqqnqft }~ngn ~tfqtn ~if bconqf gc|nqonidcf kcniwqft b`t d`dhnt gn dfbbn tcnk}qn |cnini

fe~twfg`t dì dì|nqonidcf)Ni d~fbv~cnq dft`" nb }`tcabn fe~twn gc|nqoniwn tn gnan qnfbcufq ni nb wqni gnbfiwnq`) D`b`dfqgc|nqonidcf ni bft q~ngft wqftnqft }q`|`dfqëf ~i nxdntc|` tàqn|cqfen s hfqëf nb d`dhncidìg~dcabn) Bft q~ngft wqftnqft gnani ntwfq }nqlndwfkniwn }fqfbnbft ` dì ~if k~s bconqfdì|nqonidcf)

°Kæt ` kni`t dì|nqonidcf0 °@ gc|nqonidcf0 Gn}nign gn bft dfqfdwnqëtwcdft gnb dcqd~cw`" gnbft o`kft" gn bf qnt}~ntwf gnb d`dhn" gn bf l`qkf gn }cb`wfen" nwd) ]`gnk`t }qn|nq v~n ni ~idcqd~cw` k~s |cqfg` tnqæ kæt f}q`}cfgf ~if kfs`q gc|nqonidcf v~n ni ~i dcqd~cw` dì d~q|ftkæt t~f|nt) @ v~cuæt ni ~i dcqd~cw` gn d~q|ft t~f|nt s k~s qæ}cgft" ~if bconqf dì|nqonidcffs~gf f kfiwninq nb kì`}bfuf dì bf ntwfacbcgfg fgnd~fgf) ]`q `wqf }fqwn" d~fiw` kæt qëocgftnf bf t~t}nitcôi tnqæ wfiw` kæt tnitcabn fb dfkac` s indntcwfqf kni`q |fqcfdcôi)

+Nb æio~b` }`tcwc|` gnbfiwn s gnwqæt ntwfacbcuf nb d`dhn)

+Nb æio~b` inofwc|` gnbfiwn kne`qf bf qnt}~ntwf gnb d`dhn s b` hfdn kæt inq|c`t` n cintwfabn)

+Nb æio~b` }`tcwc|` gnwqætkne`qf fbo` bf wqfddcôi)

+Nb æio~b` inofwc|` gnwqæt hfdnnb d`dhn kæt cintwfabn s}q`|`df tàqn|cqfen)

+F kfs`q æio~b` }`tcwc|` kfs`qwnk}nqfw~qf s gntoftwn gn uìfnxwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t)

+F kfs`q æio~b` inofwc|` kfs`qwnk}nqfw~qf s gntoftwn gn bfuìf ciwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t)

+F kfs`q æio~b`" }`tcwc|` ` inofwc|`" ni d~fbv~cnq nen" kni`q nt bf |nb`dcgfg ni qndwf s kfs`qnt nb gntoftwn gn b`t in~kæwcd`t" s |cdn|nqtf)



]qno~iwft tàqn bf Dìlco~qfdcôi gnb F~w`)

Hfdcnig` t~ f~w` kne`q }fqf bft d~q|ft

°]`q v~ã kc f~w` wcnin tàqn|cqfen s }cnqg` nb dìwq`b d~fig` }ft` }`q ~if d~q|f0

T~ ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb }~ngn ntwfq k~s afe`) ]q~nan f~kniwfig` nb }`qdniwfen gnb ab`v~n`gnb gclnqnidcfb) Ciwniwn t~f|cufq bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf)

°]`q v~ã wcnin kc f~w` tàqn|cqfen d~fig` lqni` ni bf d~q|f0

Nb ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb }~ngn ntwfq gnkftcfg` fbw`) Ciwniwn afefq nb ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfbb` t~lcdcniwn" }fqf v~n fõi wniof dìwq`b tci }qntniwfq tàqn|cqfen fb lqnifq" }fqf niwqfq f bfd~q|f)

°D

ôk` n|cwfq }fwcifq d~fig` w`k` bft d~q|ft0

]`gqëf indntcwfq nig~qndnq bf t~t}nitcôi gnbfiwnqf s fabfigfq bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf" ntw`df~tfqæ v~n bf ninqoëf tnf ni|cfgf f bf }fqwn wqftnqf gnb f~w` s fat`qacgf }`q ~if t~t}nitcôiwqftnqf kæt t~f|n" }nqkcwcnig` fb lqniwn gnb f~w` }nqkfindnq nv~cbcaqfg` )

^twng }~ngn f~kniwfq bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf gn fgnbfiwn s fwqæt }fqf dìtnq|fq nb f~w` kætntwfabn tàqn bf d~q|f)



Hfdcnig` t~ f~w` kæt qæ}cg`

°Dôk` dìtco` tfdfq ~if kfs`q |nb`dcgfg f kc f~w`0

Fbnqôi kæt afe`" }nq` gnan nv~cbcaqfq t~ fbnqôi niwqn ofifq |nb`dcgfg ni bft qndwft s ofifq|nb`dcgfg ni bft d~q|ft) ]fqf kæt |nb`dcgfg ni bft d~q|ft" indntcwf kæt fofqqn ni t~tin~kæwcd`t) Fabfign t~ t~t}nitcôi (k~nbbnt# s fk`qwco~fg`qnt: gctkci~sf bf af qqfntwfacbcufg`qf" f~kniw` inofwc|` gnb æio~b` gn dfëgf) Afefig` t~ f~w`kô|cb f~kniwfqæi t~|nb`dcgfg)

Hfdcnig` t~ f~w`kô|cb kæt ntwfabn

°Kc f~w` nt cintwfabn fb w`kfq bft d~q|ft" d`k` fqqnobfqb`0

Nig~qnudf t~t k~nbbnt s fk`qwco~fg`qnt) F~kniwn bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf }fqf bckcwfq bf dfqofni nb nxwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t fb w`kfq ~if d~q|f) Dfkacn fboõi }nt` hfdcf bf }fqwn wqftnqfgnb f~w`) Fabfign bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf) F~kniwn nb ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb) F~kniwn nb fbnqôi)

°Kc f~w` tn tfbn fb niwqfq ni bf d~q|f0

T~t k~nbbnt wqftnq`t }~ngni ntwfq bcanqfig` bf dfqof gnkftcfg` qæ}cg`" fabfign b`t k~nbbntwqftnq`t) ^twng }~ngn fe~twfq bf gctwqca~dcôi gnb lqni`" tc nb wqftnq` tn ntwæ ab`v~nfig`"indntcwf kæt }qntcôi gnb lqni`" fe~twn bf gctwqca~dcô i gnb lqni` hfdcf fwqæt)

Nb ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb }~ngn ntwfq k~s afe` s bf l~nquf ntwf tfbcnig` gnkftcfg` }qìw` gnbciwnqc`q gn bft q~ngft d~fig` tn lqnif) Cidqnkniwn nb ab`v~n` gnb gclnqnidcfb)

Bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf gnbfiwnqf }~ngn ntwfq gnkftcfg f afef" }q~nan cidqnkniwfig` bf afqqfntwfacbcufg`qf lqìwfb hftwf v~n nb f~w` ocqn gn cikngcfw`)

T~ afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf }~ngn tnq gnkftcfg` afef" f~kniwn bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qfwqftnqf }fqf kfiwninq bf wqfddcôi ni fkaft bbfiwft wqftnqft)

Wnk}nqfw~qft gnb in~kæwcd`°Dôk` dìtco` wnk}nqfw~qf dìtwfiwn ni b`t

in~kæwcd`t0

Tc bf d`qìf (nb dniwq`# gn t~ in~kæwcd` ntwægnkftcfgf dfbcniwn ~twng }~ngn afefq bf }qntcôi gnbin~kæwcd`) Afefig` bf }qntcôi gnb in~kæwcd` wfkacãi



}~ngn df~tfq v~n nb in ~kæwcd` tn dfbcniwn kæt)

Tc nb ciwnqc`q gnb in~kæwcd` ntwæ gnkftcfg` dfbcniwn" ~twng }~ngn nig~qndnq t~t k~nbbnt `gctkci~cq inofwc|fkniwn nb æio~b` gn dfëgf)

Tc nb nxwnqc`q gnb in~kæwcd` ntwæ gnkftcfg` dfbcniwn" }~ngn indntcwfq foqnofq ~i æio~b` gndfëgf inofwc|` s/` fabfigfq b`t k~nbbnt)

Tc nb ciwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t ntwæ gnkftcfg` lqë` s bf }fqwn nxwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t ntwæk~s dfbcniwn" niwìdnt foqno~n kæt afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf }fqf kfiwninq kæt }nt` ni bf }fqwnciwnqc`q gn b`t in~kæwcd`t kcniwqft w`kf bf d~q|f)

°Dôk` n|cw` v~n kct in~kæwcd`t gnbfiwnq`t tn tcofi oftwfig`0

Nig~qnudf bf t~t}nitcôi gnbfiwnqf ` fabfign bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf)

Gctkci~sf inofwc|fkniwn nb æio~b` gn dfëgf)

F~kniwn bf }qntcôi gnb in~kæwcd`)

Qn}fqwf bf dfqof niwqn b`t 1 in~kæwcd`t gnbfiwnq`t tc ~i` gn nbb`t tn ntwæ oftwfig` }`q nbcidqnkniw` gn bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf lqìwfb) Bf gcqnddcôi }~ngn ntwfq gnkftcfg` g~qf fbw`kfq bft d~q|ft s gntoftwf b`t in~kæwcd`t" }q~nan afefig` nb ab`v~n` gn bf gcqnddcôi)

°Dôk` n|cw` v~n kct in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t tn tcofi oftwfig`0

I`qkfbkniwn t~t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t tn dfbcniwfi tc bf t~t}nitcôi nt gnkftcfg` t~f|n s}q`}`qdcìf kæt fofqqn f b`t in~kæwcd`t)

Afefig` nb fbnqôi wqftnq` v~cwfqæ bf wnitcôi gn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq `t)

Gctwqca~sf bf dfqof niwqn b`t in~kæwcd`t wqftnq`t" f~kniwfig` bf afqqf ntwfacbcufg`qf wqftnqf)

Fabfigfig` bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf }q`}`qdcìfqæi kæt fofqqn s fs~gfqæ f n|cwfq v~n bf q~ngf}fwcin)

Fabfigfig` bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf gnwnigqæ nb dfbni wfkcniw` gn b`t in~kæwcd`t tc ~twng ntwæàwnicnig` ~i ocq` }`tcwc|` gn bf q~ngf)



DCQD^CW@T GN BF L6



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Afhqnci gnb 1==7 l~n bf }qcknqf dfqqnqf gnb Dfk}nìfw` gnb K~ig` gnLôqk~bf 6 gct}~wfgf ni @qcniwn Kngc`" d~bkcifig` ~i k~bwckcbbìfqc` }q`sndw` v~n d`kniuô fdìtwq~ëqtn ni nb 1==1" d~fig` nb Qnci` gn Afhqnci lcqkô ~i dìwqfw` f bfqo` }bfu` }fqffdònq bf dfqqnqf) Gctnöfg` }`q Hnqkfi Wcbjn" ntwæ tcw~fg` ni Tfjhcq" ni bf kcwfg gnb

gntcnqw` s f 4= jk gn bf df}cwfb gn bf ctbf" Kfifkf)

Nb dcqd~cw` d~niwf dì wqnt bfqoft qndwft" d~q|ft bniwft s fboõi |cqfen gn fbwf |nb`dcgfg) T~wqfufg` nt k~s fidh`" b` v~n ~icg` f t~t fk}bcft ntdf}fw`qcft ftlfbwfgft v~n }nqgìfik~dh`t nqq`qnt s }nqkcwni fqqcntofq f}~qfig` bft l~nqwnt lqnifgft" hfdn v~n tn t~nbfi |nqa~nift dfqqnqft fv~ë)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Hftwf fh`qf bft dbf|nt gn ntwn dcqd~cw` nqfi l~igfkniwfbkniwn bft lqnifgft s bft

fdnbnqfdc̀ int" nt gndcq" ~i a~ni afbfidn gn lqnifg` s ~if a~nif wqfddcôi f bf tfbcgf gn bftd~q|ft" sf v~n wniëfk`t ~if t~dntcôi gn oqfignt qndwft s l~nqwnt lqnifgft)

Fb t~kfqbn ~i tndw`q bniw`" wnink`t v~n nk}nufq f e~ofq dì nb afbfidn gnb d`dhn ni d~q|fbniwf" wfiw` ni }nt`t d`k` ni fnq`gciækcdf" sf v~n hfaqæ v~n w`dfq fbnqìnt tc i` v~nqnk`t}ftfqb` kfb ni ãtwn tndw`q" gn hndh`" ntwn dcqd~cw` gntwfdfaf }`q bft afeft dfqoft



fnq`gciækcdft v~n tn ~tfafi) Nb qnw` gn b`t cionicnq`t ntwfqæ ni }nqgnq nb këick` wcnk}`}`tcabn ni nb tndw`q bniw` t~kfig` bf këickf dfqof)

S fv~ë nt gìgn niwqf bf i~n|f qnobfkniwfdcôi" qnd`qgnk`t" b`t d`dhnt |fi f hfdnq bfdbftclcdfdcôi gntdfqofg`t" s }`twnqc`qkniwn }ftfqæi }`q bf oft`bcinqf }fqf bbnifq b`t

gn}ôtcw`t hftwf v~n qna`tni" ntw` v~cnqn gndcq v~n gnank`t fgnkæt dìtno~cq ~i afbfidnniwqn ~if a~nif dbftclcdfdcôi s~i qnigckcniw` ni dfqqnqf gndniwn) î d`dhngntdfqofg` i`t }cgn ~i tnw~} foqntc|` dìt~t}nitcìnt g~qft" wnigqëfk`t ~if ob`qc`tfdbftclcdfdcôi" }nq` ni nb k`kniw` v~nbbnifk`t nb gn}ôtcw`" b`t in~kæwcd`t i`tg~qfqæi wqnt wnbngcfqc`t) Gnank`t }~nt" tnq

dìtnq|fg`qnt tc v~nqnk`t ft}cqfq f ~i a~ni}~ntw` fb lcifb gn bf dfqqnqf) Ãtwn fö`}`gnk`t |nq kficàqft gn b`t nv~c}`t }nv~nö`t ni ntwn tniwcg` }fqf ciwniwfq dbftclcdfqfqqcaf)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >? D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 > D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 6=

]~iw`t dqëwcd`t gnb dcqd~cw`

Ifgf kæt nk}nufq i~ntwqf |~nbwf" i`t nidìwqfk`t dì ~if l`qwëtckf lqnifgf ni bf d~q|f 6"

dftc gn h`qv~cbbf" ni ~if dìlco~qfdcôi wë}cdf gn Wcbjn v~n bf nibfuf cikngcfwfkniwn dì `wqfd~q|f f cuv~cnqgft ni }bnif wqfddcôi) Tn wqfwf gnb kne`q }~iw` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` gnbdcqd~cw`)

D~q|f 7" `wqf lqnifgf k~s l~nqwn" }~iw` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`)

Uìf gn d~q|ft 6?+68" tn niwqf ni bf d~q|f 6?" lqnifig` hftwf bf niwqfgf gn bf 68" gìgn tndcnqqf aq~tdfkniwn hfdcf cuv~cnqgft" fv~ë hfs v~n wninq wfdw` ni nb lqni` |cicnig` gn bfd~q|f 6?" nt gclëdcb tfbcq gn bf 68 dì |nb`dcgfg)

Gntgn bf d~q|f 63 hftwf bf 16 nt ~if nibfufgf gn d~q|f qæ}cgf" fv~ë nt dnöcqtn f b`t }cfi`t"è` f bft cinqdcft dì b`t d`dhnt dfqofg`t ni ntwf uìf)

D~q|f 11" }~iw` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`" }nq` i` wfi dbfq` d`k` bf }qcknqf d~q|f)



Dìlco~qfdcôi fnq`gciækcdf

D`k` hnk`t d`kniwfg` fiwnqc`qkniwn" nb dcqd~cw` gn Tfjhcq nqf }q`}c` gn dìlco~qfdcôifnq`gciækcdf afef" aftæig`tn ni qndwft bfqoft s l~nqwnt lqnifgft" i` hfdëf lfbwf k~dh`t`}`qwn ni d~q|f)

Fh`qf dì bf cidb~tcôi gnb i~n|` tndw`q qn|cqfg`" tn dì|cnqwn ni ~i dcqd~cw` gn dfqof kngcf"gn}nigcnig` gnb qnigckcniw` gn b`t dhftct gn dfgf nv~c}`" }`gqæi v~cwfqbn kæt ` kni`tdfqof }fqf i` }nifbcufq gnkftcfg` ni bft qndwft)

K`w`q

K~dhf fdnbnqfdcôi }~qf" }nq` fb wninq oqfignt lqnifgft" nb k`w`q ntwæ f w`}n fbqngng`q gnb<>. gn bf |~nbwf" fh`qf dì bf cidb~tcôi gnb tndw`q qn|cqfg`" nt gn t~}ìnq v~n kni`tw`gf|ëf)

I n~kæwcd`t

I` nt ~i dcqd~cw` v~n dftwco~n nt}ndcfbkniwn bft o`kft" sf v~ n tôb` bf uìf gn d~q|ft qæ}cgft(63+16# bft dftwcofaf fb bbn|fq b`t d`dhnt }`df fbf) Nb lfk`t` i~n|` tndw`q tno~q` v~n wcninfbo` v~n gndcq ni ntwn ft}ndw`)



Tn bn dì`dn d`k` nb Knba`~qin Oqfig ]qcx Dcqd~cw ) Nt ~i dcqd~cw` gn dfqqnqft v~n tn fqkfni bft dfbbnt gn dc~gfg" dnqdf gnb Bfo` Fbanqw ]fqj" ni Knba`~qin" F~twqfbcf) Tn dnbnaqfw`g`t b`t fö`t" gntgn 633<" nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn F~twqfbcf gn Lôqk~bf 6 s wfkacãi \8T~}nqdfqt)

Nb dcqd~cw` tn nid~niwqf ni nb Fbanqw ]fqj) Wcnin ~if bìocw~g gn >)4=4 jcbôknwq`t) Nb`qoficufg`q gnb n|niw` nt bf F~twqfbcfi Oqfig ]qcx D`q}`qfwcì)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Tnoõi b`t gfw`t v~n hnk`t d`kniwfg` fiwnqc`qkniwn" indntcwfk`t ~i d`dhn dì a~ni oqc}"w`bnqfiwn dì b`t afdhnt s b`t }cfi`t" s ntwfabn ni bft lqnifgft" |nqnk`t dôk` t`b~dcìfk`tw`g` ntw`5

Oqc}5 Fõi tcnig` ~i dcqd~cw` gìgn tn }~ngn d`qqnq dì nt}fdc`t" b`t cionicnq`t i` }~ngnidfnq ni bf wniwfdcôi gn v~cwfq fbf" sf v~n bft gnqqf}fgft }~ngni tnq ck}`qwfiwnt"

indntcwfk`t ~if fbwf gìl`qdn gnacg` f bf lfbwfgn oqc}" tàqn w`g` f bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft kætbniwft" v~n b~no` dìwciõfi ni ~if d~q|f kætfacnqwf" dì fdnbnqfdcôi ni }bnif d~q|f)

Afdhnt5 Fv~ë i` wnink`t kæt qnkngc` v~n

fabfigfq t~t}nitcìnt s t~acq ~i }`d` bf f bw~qf gnbkì`}bfuf" ntw` i`t ftno~qfqæ ~if kne`q ntwfacbcgfg ni }ctwf" s gfqi`t ~i }`d` kæt gnkfqoni f bf h`qf gn d`knqtn b`t }cfi`t" v~n d`k` d`kniwfqnk`t kæt fgnbfiwn" ni ntwndcqd~cw` nt k~s hfacw~fb)

Lqnifgft5 hfs v~n wninq d~cgfg` dì bf qnlqconqfdc ôi gn b`t lqni`t" }~nt ni oninqfb hfsgnkftcfgft lqnifgft }fqf }`d`t wqfk`t qæ}cg`t ni b`t v~n qnlqconqfqb`t) Fv~ë tn ab`v~nfk~s lædcb bf q~ngf ciwnqc`q gnbfiwnqf ni bft d~q|ft" hfs v~n wqfwfq dì nxv~ctcwnu nb qn}fqw`gn lqnifgf s }nt`t)

Iõknq` gn |~nbwft >< D~q|ft f gnqndhft 6= D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgft >

]~iw`t gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`

S` tcnk}qn gco` v~n b`t a~ni`t }cb`w`t i` indntcwfi }~iw`t gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`" i` àtwfiwn"ntwn dcqd~cw` ntwæ }bfofg` gn b~ofqnt }fqf fgnbfiwfq" }qædwcdfkniwn d~fbv~cnq d hcdfin" }nq`ni nt}ndcfb bf d~q|f6" tàqn w`g` }`qv~n fhë wnink`t wcnk}` gn }qn}fqfqi`t fb d`dhn gn



gnbfiwn s dònqbn acni nb ciwnqc`q) Bf d~q|f 4 }`q nb oqfi æio~b` v~n wcnin tnqëf `wq` a~ni}~iw` tcnk}qn s d~fig` tfbofk`t dì a~nif |nb`dcgfg gn nbbf" bf d~q|f 3 nt }nqlndwf }`qv~nbbnofk`t k~s qæ}cg`" bf d~q|f 64" s }fqf b`t kæt |fbcniwnt" }~ngni ciwniwfqb` ni bf d~q|f 6>"fbbë nt ~i nt}ndwæd~b` fgnbfiwfq)

I n~kæwcd`t

F~tnidcf gn wqfk`t qndw`t5 D`k` dìwqf}~iw`" bf f~tnidcf gn b`t wqfk`t qndw`t ni ntwndcqd~cw` (}qædwcdfkniwn tôb` bf qndwf gn knwf# hfdn v~n b`t d`dhnt |fsfi dìwci~fkniwnocqfig` ni d~q|f" b` v~n t~}ìn ~i gntoftwn fgcdcìfb gn b`t in~kæwcd`t ni d`k}fqfdcôi dì`wq`t dcqd~cw`t) Bft oqfignt lqnifgft tno~cgft gn d~q|ft tàqn w`g` f gnqndhft " hfqæ v~n nbin~kæwcd` gnbfiwnq` cuv~cnqg` tnf nb v~n kæt tn gntoftwn)

Wnk}nqfw~qf5 i` tnqæ ~i lfdw`q gnwnqkcifiwn ni b`t in~kæwcd`t" sf v~n bf kngcf gn 17µD nt

k~s t~f|n)

Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Kfbftcf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` }nqwnindcniwn fb Dfk}nìfw` gnLôqk~bf 6 gntgn bf wnk}`qfgf 6333) Tn gct}~wf ni nb Dcqd~cw` Ciwnqifdc` ifb gn Tn}fio" niKfbftcf) Bft g`t }qcknqft ngcdcìnt gnb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Kfbftcf tn gct}~wfqì ni `dw~aqn"



f}fqnfgft dì nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Ef}ôi) Gntgn 1==6" bf dfqqnqf nt bf tno~igf ` wnqdnqfdfqqnqf gn bf wnk}`qfgf" d`k` }fqwn gn bf ocqf v~n cidb~sn bft dfqqnqft ni F~twqfbcf" Afhqãci s kæt qndcniwnkniwn wfkacãi Dhcif) ]`tnn bf oqfgf kæt oqfign gn w`g`t b`t dcqd~cw`t

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Fv~ë i` |fk`t f wninq k~dh`t kctwnqc`t" gcqndwfkniwn indntcwfk`t ~i d`dhn d`k}bnw`" v~nd`qqf ni qndwf" v~n tnf k~s ntwfabn s }qndct` ni d~q|f qæ}cgf" }nq` dì }nt`t acniqn}fqwcg`t ni bft d~q|ft bniwft" v~n wniof acni hndh` nb qn}fqw` gn lqnifgf wfiw` ni qndwfd`k` ni d~q|f" s v~n wqfddcìn k~s acni f bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft bniwft)

Oqc}5 Wfb s d`k` hnk`t |ctw` fiwnqc`qkniwn" nb oqc} i` nt ~i lfdw`q gnwnqkcifiwn ni ntwndcqd~cw`" nt kæt |fk`t f wninq }qàbnkft dì ãb s bft q~ngft abfigft" sf v~n tn bft |f fknqnigfq ni }`dft |~nbwft) B`t in~kæwcd`t i` |fi f gntdfitfq ni dfgf ocq` fb dcqd~cw`" sf

v~n niwqn oqfignt lqnifgft" oqfignt fdnbnqfdcìnt dì wqfddcôi" d~q|ft bniwft dì }`d`t`}`qwn fnq`gciækcd` s bft oqfignt d~q|ft dì t~acgft f }cfi`t i` |fi f tnq ~i }ftn` }fqfb`t dhcd`t gn Aqcgontwìn) ]`q wfiw`" i` hfdn lfbwf knwnq k~dhf fbf f b`t d`dhnt" hfs v~n}ìnq bf t~lcdcniwn }fqf wninq ntwfacbcgfg s }qndctcôi }fqf wninq ntwfacbcgfg ni bft d~q|ftqæ}cgft" s dìlcfq ni bft t~t}nitcìnt }fqf bft bniwft)

Ntwfg` gnb lcqkn5 Nb a~ni ntwfg` gnb dcqd~cw` i`t }nqkcwcqæ nig~qndnq bft t~t}nitcìnt safefq nb d`dhn aftwfiwn" dì b` v~n ofifqnk`t k~dh` ni qndwf s d~q|f qæ}cgf" tci nkafqo`"gnank`t wninq d~cgfg` gn i` }nqe~gcdfq gnkftcfg` bf wqfddcôi ni d~q|f bniwf)

Lqnifgft5 Ni ntwn dcqd~cw` |nqnk`t k~dh` f b `t Lnqqfqc s f b`t Knqdngnt O] w`dfq bf lfk`tf}fbfiv~cwf gnb qn}fqw` gn lqnifgf" tàqn w`g` gnt}~ãt gn }ftfq bf d~q|f 67 }fqf }qn}fqfqtn}fqf bft qndwft" nt ck}`qwfiwn fgnbfiwfqb` }fqf lqnifq ni bft qndwft" s qn}fqwcqb` ~i }`d`kæt fwqæt ni bft lqnifgft ni d~q|f)


Nb }qcknq }~iw` dbfq` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` nt bf d~q|f 6" f~iv~n nt k~s fk}bcf s }qòqntc|f"|nick`t gn ~if oqfi qndwf" }`gnk`t }cbbfq qna~l` s d`bfqi`t fb v~n bbn|nk`t gnbfiwn)

Nb tno~ig` }~iw` dbfq` ntwæ ni bf d~q|f 67" nt dbfq` }nq` tn indntcwf gn ~if a~nif qfdcôi gnfgqnifbcif }fqf hfdnqb` fhë" sf v~n |nick`t ni d~q|f s hfaqëf v~n wqfufq bf d~q|f gn l`qkfk~s gclnqniwn fb v~n bbn|fk`t gnbfiwn

Wnink`t wqnt }~iw`t gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`t }`tcabnt gìgn hfs v~n tnq ~i Hfkcbwì }` qnenk}b` }fqf knwnq nb d`dhn" nb }qcknq`" ni bf d~q|f 7" hfs ~if a~nif lqnifgf" }nq` d`k`



d`kniwã fiwnqc`qkniwn bf d~q|f nt ~i }`d` dcnof s hfs v~n wqfufq k~s acni }fqf tfbcq fcq`t`gn nbbf) Ni bf d~q|f 3 tn }`gqëf hfdnq ~i fgnbfiwfkcniw` nt}ndwfd~bfq" }n q` bf wqfufgf i`gnef nt}fdc` }fqf g`t d`dhnt s bf qndwf gn bf v~n tn |cnin i` nt k~s bfqof" s hfs k~dh`qcnto` gn wq`k}`) Ni bf d~q|f 6> (h`qv~cbbf# hfaqëf v~n hfdnq ~if wqfufgf gctwciwf tci }nqgnq

wcnk}`" ` acni }qn}fqfqwn fb }cb`w` v~n bbn|ft gnbfiwn }f qf l`qufqbn f ãb f wqfufq gctwciw`(wf}fq h~nd`#)

I n~kæwcd`t

Ni Tn}fio" b`t in~kæwcd`t tcnk}qn gfi v~n hfabfq" gnacg` f t~ ftlfbw`" f bft wnk}nqfw~qft" fbft dìgcdcìnt knwn`q`bôocdft s fb wqfufg`) B`t in~kæwcd`t ntwfqæi t`knwcg`t f oqfigntdfqoft ni w`gft bft |~nbwft s v~n b`t }cb`w`t gnani n|cwfq nb ab`v~n` gn b`t in~kæwcd`t fblqnifq" tàqn w`g` dì bft q~ngft lqëft s nb d`dhn dfqofg` hftwf b`t w`}nt )

Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Dhcif nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg v~n tn d`qqn ni bf

Qn}õabcdf ]`}~bfq gn Dhcif s l`qkf }fqwn gnb dfbnigfqc` gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 gntgn nb fö` 1==7)

Nb Dcqd~cw` Ciwnqifdcìfb gn Thfiohæc l~n dìtwq~cg` nt}ndëlcdfkniwn }fqf ntwn n|niw` f ~id`tw` gn 1>= kcbbìnt gn gôbfqnt" b` v~n b` dì|cnqwn ni nb kæt dfq` hftwf bf lndhf) B ft tcnwnngcdcìnt hfi tcg` ofifgft }`q tcnwn }cb`w`t gctwciw`t b` d~fb tn kfiw~|` hftwf nb 1=66d~fig` Bnct Hfkcbwì tn ck}~t` ni ntwf ngcdcôi b` d~fb tn dì|cnqwn ni nb }qcknq }cb`w` v~nbòqf |nidnq g`t |ndnt ni ntwn Oqfi ]qnkc`)



Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

F~iv~n nb dcqd~cw` o~fqgn dcnqw` }fqndcg` dì Tn}fio" hnk`t |ctw` v~n hfs gclnqnidcft ni t~wqfufg`" v~n f~iv~n f }qcknqf |ctwf i` tnfi k~dhft" ni nb tnw~} gnb d`dhn i`t |f f cilb~cqaftwfiwn)

Oqc}5 Fõi d~fig` nb dcqd~cw` wcnin ~i a~ni ftlfbw` s nt aftwfiwn faqf tc|`" uìft d`k` bft}qcknqft d~q|ft ` nb tndw`q 1" tì k~s nxconiwnt dì b`t in~kæwcd`t" s |fk`t f wninq v~nndhfq kfi` gn fnq`gciækcdf }fqf t~enwfq fb d`dhn ni ntwft uìft" f tfacnigft v~n |fk`t f}nqe~gcdfq bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf ni bf oqfi qndwf gn fwqæt" ntw` fgnkæt i`t fs~gfqæ f d~cgfq~i }`d` b`t in~kæwcd`t)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Bft oqfignt g`tct gn d~q|ft bniwft s kngcft v~n i`t gf ntwn dcqd~cw` i`tcig~dn f i` nig~qndnq ic afefq gnkftcfg` bft t~t}nitcìnt" sf v~n indntcwfk`t v~n nb d`dhn

tn fofqqn acni ni ntwft tcw~fdcìnt" ~if |nu kæt" }nqe~gcdfqnk`t ~i }`d` bf |nb`dcgfg ni bfqndwf wqftnqf)

Afbfidn5 nb afbfidn nt l~igfkniwfb ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" hfs v~n wninq ~i nxv~ctcw` qn}fqw` gn}nt`t }fqf wninq a~ni`t wcnk}`t ni nb tndw`q 1)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >< D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 ? D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 3


Ni ntwn tniwcg`" b`t }~iw`t gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` v~n i`t }qntniwf nb dcqd~cw` gn Thfiohfc tìb`t tco~cniwnt5

+]~iw`t dbfq`t

D~q|f 675 ]~iw` cikne`qfabn s k~s dbfq` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`" wnink`t ~if qndwf gn dftc 6jcbôknwq` }fqf dònq ~i a~ni qna~l` s }nofq ~i a~ni hfdhfu` ni bf lqnifgf)

D~q|f <5 Fõi tci tnq ~if qndwf gnkftcfg` bfqof" bf lqnifgf nt a~nif s tc }cbbfk`t acni nbciwnqc`q" i` hfs }qàbnkf ni fgnbfiwfq)

+]~iw`t }`tcabnt

D~q|f 65 I` nt ~if lqnifgf f lcifb gn qndwf }q`}cfkniwn gcdhf" }nq` tc wnink`t ~ifwqfsndw`qcf dì nb ciwnqc`q acni ofifgf" }`gnk`t dnqqfq fb v~n |f }`q l~nqf" nt` të" hfs v~nwninq k~dhëtck` wfdw` dì nb lqni` s bft qng~ddcìnt gn kfqdhf }fqf t no~cq ni bf wqfufgf" ntlædcb v~n nb d`dhn }cnqgf oqc})



D~q|f 665 Tc hnk`t dòcg` acni bf gclëdcb uìf v~n }qndngn f bf qndwf s tfbck`t dì a~nif|nb`dcgfg gn bf d~q|f 6=" }`gnk`t knwnq nb k`qq` ni bf lqnifgf" nt` të" wnink`t v~n wninq bf}`tcdcôi ofifgf ni bf d~q|f 61 ` i` i`t tnq|cqæ gn ifgf) S` ciwniwfqëf nitnöfq nb k`qq` }`q nbciwnqc`q }fqf hfdnq v~n nb }cb`w` gn gnbfiwn tn dcnqqn kæt gn bf d~niwf" s a~tdfq nb ciwnqc`q

gn bf d~q|f 61)

I n~kæwcd`t

Ntwn }~ngn tnq nb dcqd~cw` v~n kæt kfbwqfwn f b`t in~kæwcd`t ntwn fö`" tàqn w`g` dì b`td`dhnt dfqofg`t f w`}n" gnefi dfnq f b`t nv~c}`t v~n |cocbni nb in~kæwcd` gnbfiwnq`

cuv~cnqg`" sf v~n }~ngn wcqfqtn }nqlndwfkniwn ~i`t 6= ` 6> tno~ig`t }`q |~nbwf f w`}n gndfqof s gntbcufig`" niwqn bf d~q|f 6 s bf 6 4)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn W~qv~ëf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg |æbcgf }fqf nbDfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6" v~n tn gct}~wô }`q }qcknqf |nu nb 16 gn fo`tw` gn 1==>ni Ntwfka~b" W~qv~ëf) ]fqf ntwn oqfi }qnkc` tn dìtwq~sô ~i i~n|` dcqd~cw` bbfkfg`

@wôgq`k` gn Ntwfka~b ni bf }fqwn ftcæwcdf gn Ntwfka~b" dì ~if bìocw~g gn >)47= knwq`t s~i wqfufg` v~n tn dcqd~bf ni tniwcg` fiwc h`qfqc` s d`k}qnign tnct d~q|ft f bf gnqndhf s`dh` f bf cuv~cnqgf )

îf gn bft }qcidc}fbntdfqfdwnqëtwcdft gnb wqfufg` W~qd`nt v~n nb qnd`qqcg` tn hfdn ni nbtniwcg` `}~ntw` f bft fo~eft gnbqnbè" fbo` v~n nb nt}ndwfg`q i`

i`wfqæ k~dh` g~qfiwn bf dfqqnqf}nq` v~n tc qnt~bwf t`q}qnigniwnni a`xnt }~nt ni bf tfbcgf f }ctwfnb d`dhn ocqf hfdcf nb bfg`dìwqfqc` dqnfig` ~i nlndw` k~snxwqfö`)



Gfw`t d~qc`t`t f }fqwn nb dcqd~cw` gn Ctwfia~b ]fqj d~niwf dì ~if bìocw~g gn >)448 knwq`t}fqf ~i w`wfb gn 67 d~q|ft" 8 f cuv~cnqgft s < f gnqndhft" v~n tn d`k}bnwfqæi ni ~i w`wfb gn>8 |~nbwft) Ntwn Oqfi ]qnkc` gn W~qv~ëf tn bbn|f gct}~wfig` gntgn nb fö` 1==> gìgn JckcQfcjjìni tn hcu` dì bf |cdw`qcf f kfi`t gn ~i KdBfqni" tnd~igfg` fv~nb fö` ni nb }ôgc~k

}`q Lnqifig` Fbìt`)]nq` tc hfabfk`t gn |nidng`qnt ntwn dcqd~cw` bbn|f bf lcqkf gn Lnbc}n Kfttf sf v~n nb }cb`wàqftcbnö` hf dìtno~cg` bf |cdw`qcf ni 4 gn bft < |ndnt v~n tn hf d`qqcg` ni ntwn dcqd~cw`)Ntwn gfw` nt tcoiclcdfwc|` ni bf b~dhf ciwnqif gn Lnqqfqc }~nt }`q t~ }fqwn t~ d`k}fönq` gnnv~c} "̀ Lnqifig` Fbìt "̀ i` hf dìtno~cg` i~idf bf |cdw`qcf fv~ë" fd~k~b fig` ~i w`wfb gn 1tno~ig`t }~ntw`t s 6 wnqdnq`)

@wq` lfdw`q f wninq ni d~niwf ni ntwn dcqd~cw` nt bf ck}`qwfidcf df}cwfb v~n bf ]`bn ]`tcwcìwcnin" d`k` qnlnqnidcf gndcq v~n gn b`t < oqfignt }qnkc`t gct}~wfg`t 7 gn nbb`t hfi cg` f}fqfq f kfi`t gnb }cb`w` v~n nb tæafg` kfqdô nb kne`q wcnk}`" tci nkafqo` bf }`bn i` tn hf|~nbw` tciôick` gn |cdw`qcf ni bft g`t õbwckft wnk}`qfgft ni bft d~fbnt nb }cb`w` v~n hf hndh`bf }`bn i` hf dìtno~cg` bf |cdw`qcf)

F ic|nb gnb wqfufg` Ctwfia~b ]fqj nt ~i dcqd~cw` k~s qæ}cg` sf v~n d~niwf dì hftwf ?}~iw`t gn fbwf |nb`dcgfg" tcnig` nb kæt qæ}cg` gn nbb`t bf qndwf gn dìwqf knwf gìgn nbkì`}bfuf }~ngn fbdfiufq b`t 41= jk/h) @wq` }~iw` k~s ck}`qwfiwn gnb dcqd~cw` gn Ctwfia~b]fqj nt t~ d~q|f iõknq` 8" ntwf nt ~if gn bft kæt nxconiwnt gnb k~igcfb f ic|nb lëtcd` }~ntbbn|f fb }cb`w` f t`}`qwfq l~nquft gn hftwf 7)7 O gn nk}~en bfwnqfb g~qfiwn dftc > tno~ig`t"gnacg` f v~n ni ntwf d~q|f nb }cb`w` |f f kæt gn 1?= jk/h)

Nb }qcidc}fb }~iw` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` nt bf d~q|f i~k nq` 61" bf d~fb |cnin }qndngcgf gn bfdìwqf qndwf gn knwf s }`q b` wfiw` bf lqnifgf ni ntwn }~iw` tnqæ dq~dcfb)

Ni d~fiw` f bf cilb~nidcf gnb dcqd~cw` ni b`t qnobfent gnb d`dhn qnd`qgfq v~n ntwn dcqd~cw`qnv~cnqn gn ~if dfqof fnq`gciækcdf k~s fbwf b` v~n tn |nqæ qnlbnefg` ni nb gntoftwn gn t~tin~kæwcd`t" ]cqnbbc sf hf dìlcqkfg` v~n }qn|ã fb kni`t 4 }fqfgft }`q d`dhn g~qfiwn bfdfqqnqf)



Nb Dcqd~cw` gn Dfwfb~öf nt ~i f~wôgq`k` tcw~fg` ni bf }àbfdcôi gn Kìwknbô" ni bf }q`|cidcfgn Afqdnbìf" Nt}föf) Cif~o~qfg` ni nb fö` 6336" wcnin ~i fl`q` gn 646)=== nt}ndwfg`qnt" sfdòn gc|nqtft d`k}nwcdcìnt niwqn bft v~n gntwfdfi nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Nt}föf gn Lôqk~bf 6 s nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Dfwfb~öf gn K`w`dcdbctk` gnb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn K`w`dcdbctk`)

Gnacg` f v~n nt ~i` gn b`t dcqd~cw`t kæt ~wcbcufg`t }fqf b`t nitfs`t gn b`t gclnqniwnt

nv~c}`t gn Lôqk~bf 6" bf oqfi kfs`qëf gn b`t }cb`w`t ntwæi k~s lfkcbcfqcufg`t dì nb kctk`)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Nb lcqkn i` nt kfb`" s ni d~fiw` f fnq`gciækcdf" hfs v~n }qàf q s }qàfq dìgclnqniwnt dfqoft" sf v~n nb dcqd~cw` wcnin ~i }`d` gn w`g`" }qng`kcifig` nt` të ~if a~nifdfqof }fqf d~q|f qæ}cgf" }nq` tci oninqfq k~dh` gqfo) Fv~ë hfqëf ~if }nv~nöf gclnqnidcfniwqn ~i tnw~} }fqf v~cni v~cnqf cq acni ni dfbclcdfdcôi" knwn qëf kæt fbf" s i` kn ck}`qwfqëfgnkftcfg` bf qndwf gn knwf" tfdfqëfk`t a~ni`t wcnk}`t ni b`t tndw`qnt qn|cqfg`t" }nq`

d~cgfg`" ni dfqqnqf i`t }`gnk`t w`}fq dì fbo~cni v~n bbn|n kni`t dfqof s ni bft qndwft b`}`gnk`t }ftfq lqfidfkniwn kfb)

T~t}nitcìnt5 kæt g~qft s afeft v~n ni Thfiohfc" bbn|fqnk`t kæt |nb`dcgfg s indntcwfk`tntwfacbcgfg s lcqknuf ni d~q|f" tci }ftfqi`t ` i` cqnk`t acni ni nb }fq gn d~q|ft bniwft)

Afbfidn5 nt dqëwcd` ni nb õbwck` tndw`q tàqn w`g`



I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 << D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 ? D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 3


Tì }`d`t }nq` k~s dbfq`t" hfs tcwc`t gìgn }`gnk`t citci~fqb`t" }nq` nt gnkftcfg`d`k}bcdfg` }fqf wninqb`t ni d~niwf d`k` }~iw` }`tcabn" }`q wfiw` tôb` wnink`t }~iw`t dbfq`tni ntwn dcqd~cw`5

+ D~q|f 65 Dbætcd` lcifb gn qndwf" v~n fgnkæt nt cilcicwf" kn gf v~n |fk`t f |nq a~ni`tqna~l`t ni ntwn }~iw`)

+ D~q|f 6=5 W`gf ~if citwcw~dcôi gn ntwn dcqd~cw`" f ntwf d~q|f bbnofk`t gnt}~ãt gn bf qndwfgn fwqæt" v~n f~iv~n i` nt nxdntc|fkniwn bfqof" |nick`t gn bf d~q|f 3 v~n nt k~s qæ}cgf s

gìgn tn }~ngn fqqcntofq }fqf tfbcq f kfs`q |nb`dcgfg) K~s dqëwcdf bf wqfddcôi f t~ tfbcgf)I n~kæwcd`t

F~iv~n Aqcgontwìn }~iw~fbcuf v~n nb in~kæwcd` gnbfiwnq` cuv~cnqg` |f f wninq l~nqwntdfqof" i` tn wnkn }`q t~ ciwnoqcgfg d`k` ni Thfiohfc) \fi f wqfnq b`t d`k}~ntw`t g~q`t sabfig`t) Gìgn kæt t~lqni nt ni bf D~q|f 4 s ni bf 61)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Kôifd` l`qkô }fqwn gnb }qcknq Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6 ni63>=" s f }fqwcq gn 63>> tn hf gct}~wfg` w`g`t b`t fö`t) E~iw` f bf lndhf gn Lôqk~bf 6 tngct}~wfi dfqqnqft gn nxhcacdcôi" }`q nenk}b` gn f~w`kô|cbnt hctwôqcd`t" s gn dfk}nìfw`t

kni`qnt) Bf Lôqk~bf E~ic`q d`qqcô ni Kôifd` ni

63>= s gntgn 63>3 hftwf 63<4) Niwqn 63<7 s633? tn dnbnaqô ~if dfqqnqf gn Lôqk~bf 4" v~ ntnq|ëf d`k` }~iw` gn nid~niwq` gn b`t }cb`w`t gnb`t gctwciw`t dfk}nìfw`t ifdcìfbnt gn Lôqk~bf4) Bf Lôqk~bf 4=== Ciwnqifdcìfb w`kô t~ b~ofqni 6338 s gc` }ft` ni 1==> f t~ t~dnt`qf" bf O]1Tnqcnt

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/fnq 5̀ K~s }nd~bcfq nb tnw~} ni ntwn ft}ndw`" gfgf bf afef |nb`dcgfg gnb dcqd~cw`" bfkfs`qëf gn b`t fbnqìnt ni b`t nv~c}`t tì nt}ndëlcd`t }fqf ntwf dfqqnqf" ` ntwæi kìwfg`tni bf dìlco~qfdcôi kæt fbwf" afefig` tôb` gnbfiwnq` ` wqftnq` }fqf fe~twfq nb afbfidn gnbd`dhn" nb oqc} nt k~s dqëwcd`" sf v~n hnk`t d`kniwfg` v~n tn wqfwf gn dfbbnt facnqwft fbwqælcd` nb qntw` gnb fö`" i` hfs o`kf gn}`tcwfgf gn dfqqnqft s nb ftlfbw` t~nbn ntwfq k~dh`kæt oftwfg` v~n nb gn ~i dcqd~cw`" f~iv~n ntwn fö` tn hf qnftlfbwfg` }fqwn gnb kctk`) ]`qk~s fbwf v~n tnf bf dìlco~qfdcôi fnq`gciækcdf" i` i`t }qn`d~}f }~ntw` v~n bf |nb`dcgfgkæxckf i` nt dqëwcdf ic k~dh` kni`t ni ntwn wqfufg`)

T~t}nitc̀ int5 w`wfbkniwn gclnqniwnt f bf gn d~fbv~cnq `wq` O]" k~s fbwft s abfigft" gn dfqff b` ci~t~fbkniwn afdhnfgf gnb wqfufg`" dì wf}ft gn fbdfiwfqcbbf" }cfi`t oqfignt (ntwn fö`kæt# s lcqkn k~s cqqno~bfq" fgnkæt gn bf qn|cqfgf }fqwn gnb W1" dì oqfignt gntic|nbnt)Ck}`tcabn cq dì nb d`dhn d`k` ~if wfabf" cqëfk`t a`wfig` s }nqgnqëfk`t k~dhëtck` fofqqn)

Afbfidn5 k~s dqëwcd`" dftc w`gft bft d~q|ft tì bniwft s tc nb d`dhn i` ntwæ acni nv~cbcaqfg`"t~lqcqnk`t }fqf dìwq`bfqb` }`q bf lfbwf gn oqc})

Dfef gn dfkac`t5 Indntcwfk`t ~if qnbfdcôi dnqqfgf" sf v~n bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf nt afef" sfgnkæt wnink`t k~dhf dfqof fnq`gciækcdf" s d~q|ft k~s bniwft) Ni nb tck~bfg`q hn `}wfg`}`q dfkacfq bf qnbfdcôi lcifb" ftë hn kfiwnicg` b`t kctk`t nioqfifent" }nq` wqfitkcwcnig`kæt }fq s kni`t |nb`dcgfg)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 ?8 D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 3 D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf 6=




Ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" ~i fgnbfiwfkcniw` nt dftc ~i kcbfoq`" }nq` d~fig` `d~qqni" tìnt}ndwfd~bfqnt) Tc bb~n|n" }`gnk`t |nq fgnbfiwfkcniw`t |fqc`t ni k~dh`t tcwc`t" }q`|`dfg`ttàqn w`g` }`q }ãqgcgft gn fghnqnidcf gnb }cb`w` v~n |f gnbfiwn" }nq` tc ntwfk`t ni tnd`"

wnink`t ~i }fq gn }~iw`t)

+I`~|nbbn Dhcdfin5 Nt nb }~iw` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` }`q nxdnbnidcf gnb dcqd~cw`" bf lqnifgf kætl~nqwn" f bf tfbcgf gnb wõinb" fö` wqft fö` b`t hnk`t |ctw` gn w`g`t b`t d`b`qnt" i` wnink`tkæt v~n dònq nb ciwnqc`q s i` }ftfqi`t gn lqnifgf" lædcb" °|nqgfg0

+Kcqfanf~ Fbw`5 Kni`t lædcb v~n ni nb }~iw` fiwnqc`q" }nq` tc tn tfbn acni gnb Dftci`" tn}~ngn knwnq nb k`qq` ni d~fiw` nb d`dhn gn gnbfiwn ntv~c|n bf fbdfiwfqcbbf s tn faqf f bfcuv~cnqgf) I` hfs k~dh` h~nd`" }nq` tn lfaqcdf)

I n~kæwcd`t

Aqcgontwìn i`t wqfn b`t tõ}nq abfig`t s kngc`t" s gfg` v~n nt ~i dcqd~cw` dì k~s }`dòqc}" b`t tõ}nq abfig`t }fqndni f }qc`qc bf nbnddcôi kæt fdnqwfgf" gnanqëfi fo~fiwfq k~dhft|~nbwft)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Dfifgæ nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg v~n tn bbn|f dfa`dì` kì`}bfuft ni Dfifgæ gntgn nb fö` 63<6" dì f~tnidcft ni 63?>" 638? s 1==3" s v~n f}fqwcq gn 63<? nt |æbcgf }fqf nb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6 ) F }fqwcq gn 63?8" tngct}~wf qno~bfqkniwn ni ~i dcqd~cw` dfbbnenq` ni Kìwqnfb) I~knq`tft ngcdcìnt hftwf 1==6

w~|cnqì f bf Lôqk~bf Fwbfiwcd d`k` wnbìnqf)Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Fb co~fb v~n d`kniwæafk`t ni F~twqfbcf" ntwn dcqd~cw` tnkc +~qafi` tn dì|cnqwnni ~i }fqv~n nb qntw` gnb fö`" b` v~n hfd n v~n wniof }`d` oqc}" ft}ndw` v~n cqæ kne`qfig`g~qfiwn nb lci gn tnkfif tcnk}qn v~n i` bb~n|f) Nb ftlfbw` wcnin uìft afdhnfgft f~iv~ni`qkfbkniwn qnftlfbwfi aftwfiwnt uìft fiwnt gn bft dfqqnqft) Ni d~fiw` f dfqoffnq`gciækcdf" b`t oqfignt wqfk`t gn |nb`dcgfg }~qf hfdni v~n bf dfqof wniof v~n tnq afef"}nq` d~cgfg` v~n hfs ~i }fq gn uìft bniwft v~n e~iw` f bft dhcdfint }~ngni kfqdfqgclnqnidcft)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Gnani tnq lcqknt }fqf fo~fiwfq fbwft |nb`dcgfgnt s bft }qntcìnt v~n oninqfib`t fbnqìnt ni gcdhft dìgcdcìnt" }nq` f t~ |nu gnani tnq b` aftwfiwn fbwft s t~f|nt }fqf}`gnq d`knqtn }cfi`t ni bft i~knq`tft dhcdfint" afe` kc }~iw` gn |ctwf |f i f tnq nb }~iw`l~igfkniwfb gnb tnw~})

Afbfidn5 L~igfkniwfb fb v~cwfq dfqof" ~i a~ni qn}fqw` gn lqnifgf s gn }nt`t |f f tnq nb v~ntn nidfqo~n gn bbn|fq nb d`dhn }`q a~ni dfkci` ni ntw`t }~iw`t)

Iõknq` gn |~nbwft5 ?= D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 < D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 <


Ni bf d~q|f <" wnink`t ~if lqnifgf t~lcdcniwnkniwn l~nqwn }fqf }`gnq qnaftfq fb d`dhn v~nbbn|fk`t gnbfiwn" tcnk}qn v~n kfiwniofk`t ~if a~nif wqfufgf fb tfbcq }`q bf ?)

Ni bf d~q|f 6= nt nb }~iw` cgnfb gn fgnbfiwfkcniw` gnb dcqd~cw`" tn |cnin k~s bfiufg` (v~n tnb` gcofi fb a~ni` gn Qànqw# s wnink`t bf lqnifgf kæt l~nqwn)

Ni bf d~q|f 6 wnink`t ~i }~iw` gìgn i` ntwæ k~s dbfq`" }nq` f bf gntnt}nqfgf s }`qt`q}qntf tn }`gqëf hfdnq)

Ni oninqfb ni bft dhcdfint ntwæ d`k}bcdfgf bf d`tf" sf v~n tì k~s qæ}cgft s wcnini ~if t`bfwqfufgf)



I n~kæwcd`t

Aqcgontwìn i`t wqfn b`t kngc`t s b`t t~}nq abfig`t" gnacg` f bf lfbwf gn oqc}" }nq` bftoqfignt lqnifgft }~ngni oninqfq fboõi v~n `wq` }bfi`" nt` të bft afeft wnk}nqfw~qft v~n t nnt}nqfi hfqæi v~n d~ntwn dfbniwfq b`t kngc`t

Nb dcqd~cw` tn nk}nuô f dìtwq~cq ni `dw~aqn gn 1==? s wcnin ~if bìocw~g gn ~i`t >)7==knwq`t" dì 1> d~q|ft" 66 f bf cuv~cnqgf s 67 f bf gnqndhf

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Fb co~fb v~n d`kniwæafk`t ni F~twqfbcf" ` ni nb Ocbbnt \cbbnin~|n" wnink`t }`dòqc}" ft}ndw` v~n cqæ kne`qfig` g~qfiwn nb lci gn tnkfif tcnk}qn v~n i` bb~n|f) Nb ftlfbw` nt

aftwfiwn i~n| "̀ i` hfs }qàbnkf gn afdhnt" nxdn}w` ni bf uìf gnb }~niwn) Bf oqf i }qntnidcfgn k~dh`t s |fqcfg`t wc}`t gn d~q|ft hfdni v~n bf dfqof gnaf tnq fbwf" tàqn w`g` }fqf b`tnv~c}`t f b`t v~n bn l~idcìfi acni nb L +g~dw" v~n i` tì wfi }nifbcufg`t b~no` ni |nb`dcgfg}~iwf)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Fb indntcwfqtn a~nift g`tct gn wqfddcôi" nt ~i }~iw` ck}`qwfiwn" hfs v~nnidìwqfq nb d`k}q`kct` niwqn }qndctcôi gn bf wqfufgf" wqfddcôi s w`bnqfidcf f b`t }cfi`t)



Afbfidn5 Ni bft l~nqwnt lqnifgft nt l~igfkniwfb ~i a~ni qn}fqw`" wfkacãi qntnöfq v~n bftt~t}nitcìnt gnani ntwfq acni qn}fqwcgft" s` hn `}wfg` }`q fabfigfq kæt nb nen wqftnq` }fqfwninq ~i kne`q oqc} f bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >? D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 61 D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 64

]~iw`t gn Fgnbfiwfkcniw`

Tàqn nb }f}nb" ntwn dcqd~cw` i`t aqcigf d~fwq` }`tcacbcg fgnt }`q |~nbwf }fqf fgnbfiwfq"d`kniufqnk`t dì bft kæt dbfqft5

Lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 61" tn |cnin dì bf kæxckf |nb`dcgfg gn bf }ctwf" dì k~dhft}`tcacbcgfgnt gn |nicq f qna~l`" nt ck}`qwfiwn hfanq tfbcg` acni gntgn bf d~q|f 6= }fqfbbnofq dì fbwf |nb`dcgfg) B`t L+g~dwt tnqæi ck}`qwfiwnt ni ntwn }~iw`)

D~q|f 6?" l`qwëtckf lqnifgf wfkacãi" bf dbf|n nt i` }nqgnq oqc} f t~ tfbcgf }fqf kfiwninq}`tcdcôi) Bf }qntnidcf gn bf d~q|f 68 k~s dnqdf i`t }~ngn hfdnq |nq g~nb`t gn d`dhnt ni}fqfbnb`)

Wnink`t `wqft g`t }`tcacbcgfgnt kni`t dbfqft" }nq` tc |nick`t k~s }nofg`t }`gnk`tciwniwfqb` ni5

D~q|f 15 fv~ë |nick`t wqft bf d~q|f 6" v~n f~iv~n nt k~s facnqwf" }~ngn }nqe~gcdfqi`tfnq`gciækcdfkniwn |nicq }nofg`t fb d`dhn v~n i`t }qndngn" fgnkæt bf wqfufgf gn bf d~q|f ntaftwfiwn d`k}bcdfgf)

D~q|f 85 Fv~ë bf d`k}bcdfdcôi nt nb t~a|cqfen ni bf lqnifgf" nt lædcb dfbd~bfqbf kfb s bbn|fqi`t}~ntw` fb d`dhn fb v~n }qnwnignk`t fgnbfiwfq) Bf d~q|f nt k~s dnqqfgf s ntwæ nibfufgf dìbf niwqfgf fb }~niwn" gìgn hfs v~n kfiwninq bf }`tcdcôi)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gnb Qnci` îcg` nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg |æbcgf }fqf nbDfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6 v~n wcnin b~ofq ni nb Qnci` îcg`) Fdw~fbkniwn tn gct}~wfni nb Dcqd~cw` gn Tcb|nqtwìn" dnqdf gnb }~nab` gn Tcb|nqtw ìn" ni I`qwhfk}wìthcqn"Ciobfwnqqf) Tn t~nbn gct}~wfq f }qcidc}c`t gn e~bc`" b~no` gnb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Lqfidcf s fiwntgnb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fbnkficf) Bf Lôqk~bf 4=== Ciwnqifdcìfb l~n wnbìnqf gntgn 6333 hftwf1==7" s bf O]1 Tnqcnt b` hf tcg` gntgn 1==>)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Fv~ë kn o~twfqëf d`kniwfq v~n f~iv~n tn }~ngfi hfdnq d`k}fqfwc|ft dì Kìufni d~fiw` f bf |nb`dcgfg gnb dcqd~cw`" i` }`gnk`t gntdfqofq fnq`gciækcdf d`k` fbbë" gfg`t b`twqfk`t gn d~q|ft qæ}cgft nibfufgft nxctwniwnt)

Ni nb dcqd~cw` i~n|` wnink`t kæt wqfk` gn qndwf" }`q b` v~n }qàfabnkniwn ntwn fö`d`k}nitn qntwfq ~i }`d` gn dfqof" i`t v~ngfqëf ~if dfqof kngcf" s gnanqëfk`t }qàfq|~nbwft dì kæt ` kni`t dfqof }fqf |nq tc qnfbkniwn d`k}nitf b` v~n tn ofif ni bft qndwftdì b` v~n }nqgnqnk`t ni bft d~q|ft) Nb lcqkn gnb dcqd~cw` nt fbo` afdhnfg` ni bf }fqwn

fiwco~f" s dì }`d` oqc} ni bf }fqwn i~n|f" ni K`wÒ] b` }~gcnqì d`k}qàfq k~dh`t }cb`w`tv~n tn dfsnqì ni bf }fqwn i~n|f)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Indntcwfqnk`t }qndctcôi }fqf wqfufq bft d~q|ft qæ}cgft" }`q wfiw`nig~qndnqnk`t bft t~t}nitcìnt gnbfiwnqft) Bft wqftnqft }`gnk`t fabfigfqbft ~i }`d` }fqffs~gfq f wqfddcìfq f bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft bniwft" }nq` i` gnkftcfg` }fqf i` d`k}q`knwnqbf ntwfacbcgfg gnb d`dhn ni bft uìft qæ}cgft) Dìwqf kni`t fabfignk`t bft t~t}nitcìnt" kæt



}`gqnk`t afefq nb d`dhn tci v~n ntwnk`t w`dfig` dìtwfiwnkniwn dì nb lìg` }bfi` skne`qfqnk`t nb qnigckcniw` fnq`gciækcd`)

Afbfidn5 Ntnidcfb ni nb õbwck` tndw`q s ni bft dhcdfint" ~icg` fb }`d` oqc} s fb }nqlcb fboàfdhnfg`" wninq ~i a~ni qn}fqw` gn }nt`t s gn lqnifgf i`t }~ngn fs~gfq f i` }nqgnq nb

dìwq`b gnb d`dhn gnacg` f ~i afdhn ` f t~acq tàqn ~i }cfi`)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >1 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 8 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 6=


Tcb|nqtwìn i` nt ~i dcqd~cw` ni nb v~n tnf lædcb fgnbfiwfq" f b` bfqo` gn bft dfqqnqft hnk`tf}qnigcg` v~n dìwqf kæt qæ}cg`t tnfi" kæt gclëdcb nt fgnbfiwfq gnacg` tàqn w`g` f bffnq`gciækcdf gn b`t d`dhnt fdw~fbnt v~n i` i`t }nqkcwni fdnqdfqi`t gnk ftcfg` fb d`dhn v~ni`t }qndngn) Ntwn fö` dì bf qnl`qkf tn t~}ìn v~n i`t hfi }q`}`qdcìfg` ~i }fq gn }~iw`t}fqf fgnbfiwfq" f~iv~n s` h~acnqf qnl`qkfg` wfkacãi fbo~i` kæt" v~n d`kniwfqã fdìwci~fdcôi5

Fgnbfiwfkcniw` dbfq`5

Nb kne`q }~iw` }fqf fgnbfiwfq" f kc e~cdc` nt bf d~q|f \fbn (8#" nt bf }qcknqf dhcdfin" ~iflqnifgf dìw~igniwn s gclëdcb }qndngcgf gn ~if afefgf gìgn tn |cnin f oqfi |nb`dcgfg)

Ni bf uìf i~n|f hfi dqnfg` ~if dìw~igniwn lqnifgf" bf D~q|f 64" v~n d`k` sf hnd`kniwfg` s d`k` tn }~ngn |nq ni nb |ëgn`" nt d`k}bcdfgf gn wqfufq s nt lædcb tfbcqtn" nt` të"bf qndwf v~n bf }qndngn i` nt nt}ndcfbkniwn bfqof)

Fgnbfiwfkcniw` }`tcabn5

D~q|f Tw`n (?# tc acni |cnin }qndngcgf gn bf qndwf gnb Hfiofq" i` nt ~if lqnifgf l~nqwn" swcnin gàbn qfgc`" gnanqëfk`t wninq a~ni qna~l` tfbcnig` gn Andjnwwt s }`gqëfk`t bbnofq fntwf bn|n lqnifgf dì |niwfef" nt ~if gn bft d~q|ft v~n qnl`qkfqëf }fqf hfdnq ~if lqnifgfl~nqwn" i`t gfqëf a~ni`t fgnbfiwfkcniw`t)

Bf d~q|f Aq``jbfigt fh`qf |cnin }qndngcgf gn ~if oqfi qndwf" gìgn tc t`k`t df}fdnt gnwqfufq acni bft d~q|ft bniwft v~n bf }qndngni" }`gnk`t |nicq f a~nif |nb`dcgfg s }nofq nbhfdhfu`" nt` të" h~acnqf }qnlnqcg` v~n h~acnqfi qnl`qkfg` bf d~q|f }fqf dnqqfqbf ~i }`d`kæt)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fbnkficf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg |æbcgf }fqf nbDfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6) Tn cicdcf ni 63=? dì bf }qcknqf dfqqnqf gn b`tJfctnq}qnct ni nb dcqd~cw` gn Wf~i~t" gìgn t`b` }fqwcdc}fafi f~w`kô|cbnt gn w~qctk` dìk`w`qnt gn dcbcigqfgf cilnqc`q f <)= bcwq`t)

Bf }qcknqf dfqqnqf l~n ofifgf }`q nb cwfbcfi` Lnbcdn Ifuufq` dì ~i Lcfw) Ni 631< tn

`qoficuf ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`kô|cbnt gn}`qwc|`t ni bf }ctwf F\^T fb t~g`ntwn gn Anqbëi)Gnacg` f ~i fddcgniwn gìgn }nqgcnqì bf |cgf wqnt }nqtìft" nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fbnkficf i`tn |`b|cô f d`qqnq ni F\^T tci` hftwf 63>3)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/fnq`5 Ntwfk`t fiwn ~i wë}cd` dcqd~cw` Wcbjn ni nb v~n b`t tndw`qnt tì k~s gctwciw`tniwqn të" dì ~if }qcknqf kcwfg gnb dcqd~cw` k~s qæ}cgf" s dì bft õbwckft > d~ q|ft aftwfiwnbniwft" }`q b` v~n nidìwqfq ~i afbfidn niwqn wcnk}` gn |~nbwf s |nb`dcg fg kæxckf ni bf

d~q|f gn bf }fqfa`bcdf" tnqæ bf d~ntwcôi) Tc gct}ìnk`t gn ~i k`w`q }`wniwn wc}` Knqdngnt" sgn ~i gct}`tcwc|` L+g~dw" ntw` i` tnqæ ~i }qàbnkf" sf v~n }` gnk`t dfqofq aftwfiwn b`tfbnqìnt s i` }nifbcufqnk`t ni |nb`dcgfg kæxckf" }nq` b`t nv~c}`t k`gntw`t |fi f wninq v~n}nqgnq |nb`dcgfg" ` gn}nignq gn bf hfacbcgfg gnb }cb`w` ni bf uìf bniwf)

T~t}nitc̀ int5 Fv~ë i`t nidìwqfk`t ni `wq` d`k}q`kct`" indntcwfk` t g~qnuf }fqf d~q|ftd`k` bf 6 ` bf ?" }nq` }`q `wqf }fqwn indntcwfk`t wqfddcôi ni bf tfbcgf gn bf h`qv~cbbf" s tàqn



w`g` ni bf uìf bniwf) S` hn `}wfg` }`q fabfigfqbft ~i }`d` kæt gn b` i`qkfb" t~acnig` ~i}`d` }fqf i` }nofq ni b`t afe`t ni bf ]fqfa`bcdf" ic t~lqcq tc i`t d`knk`t nb }cfi` gn bf d~q|f6 ` gn bf h`qv~cbbf)

Afbfidn5 Tàqn w`g` }fqf b`t nv~c}`t tci L +g~dw" |f f tnq k~s ck}`qwfiwn ni nb dft` gn bbn|fq

}`df dfqof fnq`gciækcdf }fqf }ftfq dì dìlcfiuf }`q nb õbwck` tndw`q)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 <? D~q|ft f bf cuv~cnqgf5 ? D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 6=


I` tì }`d`t" fgnkæt aftwfiwn a~ni`t5

Wnink`t nb }~iw` kæt dbfq`" ~i` gn b`t kæt dbfq`t gnb k~igcfb" ni bf d~q|f < (Hfcq}ci#"|nick`t t~}nq bfiufg`t }`q bf ]fqfa`bcdf s hnk`t gn afefq gn 41> f <= jk/h) Bf wqfddcôi f

t~ tfbcgf nt dbf|n)

]qcknq }~iw` }`tcabn5 D~q|f 1" tc hnk`t w`kfg` acni bf 6" }`gnk`t |nicq dì qna~l` nciwniwfq nb fgnbfiwfkcniw` }`q nb ciwnqc`q" è` f bf nibfufgf tco~cniwn" i`t }~ngn gnefq ni nbnxwnqc`q s hfdnq }nqgnq bf }`tcdcôi)

Nb `wq` }~iw` }`tcabn nt fbo` kæt dbfq`"tn wqfwf gn bf d~q|f 8" tc hnk`twqfddcìfg` acni f bf tfbcgf gn bfh`qv~cbbf" }`gnk`t |nicq ni qna~l` sknwnq ~i a~ni ciwnqc`q (ni nb |ëgn` hfs~i fgnbfiwfkcniw` ni ntn }~iw`# ~if | nukæt" è` f bf nibfufgf v~n i`t }~ngngnefq kfb tcw~fg`t)

Bf D~q|f 64 tnqëf `wq` }~iw` }`tcabn"}nq` bf lqnifgf i` ntwæ wfi gnlcicgf s wfk}`d` |nick`t wfi bfiufg`t d`k` }fqf dònqqna~l`" }nq` ~i HFK f bf gntnt}nqfgf }`gqëf ciwniwfqb` fhë)

I n~kæwcd`t

Bf a`kaf gn Aqcgontwìn nt wqfnq b`t g`t d`k}~ntw`t kæt gctwciw`t f ntwf dfqqnqf" v~cnqnignefq h~nbbf" }nq` dqn` v~n nt ~if h~nbbf v~n }~ngn tfbcq dfqf" sf v~n b`t tndw`qnt gn d~q|ftbniwft tì nxconiwnt dì nb fofqqn gn bft o`kft" s b`t t~}nq abfig`t tn }~ngni gntciwnoqfqbcwnqfbkniwn) Sf i` tã tc v~cnq` v~n bb~n|f ` v~n i`ª



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn H~ioqëf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg v~n wcnin b~ofq niH~ioqëf) Bf }qcknqf ngcdcôi tn gct}~wô nb 16 gn e~ic` gn 634< tàqn ~i dcqd~cw` wqfufg` ni ~i

}fqv~n dnqdf gnb dniwq` gn A~gf}ntw) B`t dìtwq~dw`qnt Knqdngnt +Aniu" F~w` îcì sLnqqfqc ni|cfqì wqnt f~w`kô|cbnt dfgf ~i` s nb n|niw` fwqfe` f ~if oqfi k~bwcw~g) Tcinkafqo`" bf }`bëwcdf s bf dnqdfif tno~igf O~nqqf K~igcfb tcoiclcdfqì nb lcifb gn bftd`k}nwnidcft f~w`k`|cbëtwcdft }`q kæt gn dcid~niwf fö`t)

Nb }qcknq Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Lôqk~bf 6 f gct}~wfqtn gnwqæt gn bf d`qwcif gn hcnqq` l~n nb Oqfi]qnkc` gn H~ioqëf gn 638<" ni nb f~wôgq`k` gn H~iofq`qcio ni K òs`qôg" dnqdf gnA~gf}ntw) Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn H~ioqëf fwqfn flcdcìfg`t gn gc|nqt`t }fëtnt gn bf qnocôi v~n i`wcnini ~i Oqfi ]qnkc` b`dfb" }`q nenk}b` gn b`t }fëtnt ntdfigcif|`t s b`t gn N~q`}f gnb Ntwn)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 D~q|ft bniwft" }`d`t wqfk`t w`wfbkniwn f lìg`" }`d` oqc} l~nqf gn b f wqfufgfªtì bft dìgcdcìnt }nqlndwft }fqf ~tfq ~if dìlco~qfdcôi fnq`gciækcdf fbwf" i` i`t ck}`qwfbf |nb`dcgfg }~iwf ni fat`b~w`" i`t ck}`qwf v~n nb d`dhn fofqqn ni d~q|f" v~n qnt}ìgf fb|`bfiwn" s v~n i` }cnqgf wqfddcôi s wq`k}nn fb fdnbnqfq)



T~t}nitcìnt5 Abfigft }fqf lf|`qndnq bf wqfddcôi s nb fofqqn" s ~i }`d` kæt fbwft gn bì`qkfb }fqf }`gnq t~acqtn f b`t }cfi`t)

Afbfidn5 K~s dqëwcd` tc v~nqnk`t hfdnq fbo` ni H~iofq`qcio" ~i d`dhn dì kfb afbfidn b` |f f}ftfq k~s kfb }fqf niwqfq ni bft wqfcdcìnqft d~q|ft gn ntwn dcqd~cw`) \nqnk`t ni b`t bcaqnt

d`k}`qwfkcniw`t w`wfbkniwn gctwciw`t gn b`t d`dhnt dfqofg`t s tci dfqofq gn d`ka~twcabn)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Ni ntwn dcqd~cw` tn ~wcbcuf ~if qnbfdcôi gn kfqdhft kæt d`qwf

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 ?= D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 < D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 8

I n~kæwcd`t

Aqcgontwìn hf gnefg` b`t nx}nqckniw`t ni ntwn dcqd~cw` s i`t wqfn b`t t~}nq abfig`t s b`tkngc`t" d`k` ni d~fbv~cnq dcqd~cw` dì }ctwf t~dcf" b`t d`k}~ntw`t cqæi f~kniwfig` t~

qnigckcniw` dìl`qkn tn |fsf gn}`tcwfig` o`kf ni bf }ctwf) @e` }`q v~n t~nbn hf dnq dfb`q" sb`t t~}nq abfig`t }`gqëfi t~lqcq fbo`)


Ni ntwn dcqd~cw` t`b` hfs ~i }~iw` dbfq` gn fgnbfiwfkcniw`" bf D~q|f 6" bf d~fb sf w~|cnqì v~nqnk`gnbfq }fqf v~n bf qndwf l~nqf kæt bfqof s nb }~iw` gn lqnifgf kæt l~nqwn) ]fqffgnbfiwfq" hnk`t gn wqfufq bf d~q|f 67 k~s }nofg`t fb d`dhn gn gnbfiwn" b` d~fb ntd`k}bcdfg`" sf v~n }nqgnqnk`t f}`s` fnq`gciækcd`" ck}qntdcigcabn }fqf }`gnq wqfufqbf acni)B~no` hnk`t gn cq f qna~l` ni bf qndwf" s ofifq nb ciwnqc`q ni bf lqnifgf)

B~no` ni nb qntw` gnb dcqd~cw` i` wnink`t oqfignt ̀ }`qw~icgfgnt" sf v~n i` hfs k~d hftlqnifgft l~nqwnt" hfs k~dhf d~q|f bniwf dì ~if õicdf wqfufgf" gìgn indntcwfk`t f}`s`fnq`gciækcd`" n cq }nofg` nt k~s d`k}bcdfg`)

î }~iw` }`tcabn tnqëf bf dhcdfin gn bft d~q|ft < s ? }nq` }nqgnq f}`s` fnq`gciækcd` ni bfd~q|f > hfdn k~s gclëdcb wqfufqbf acni" s i` wnink`t t~lcdcniwn qndwf }fqf bbnofq dìofqfiwëft f bf dhcdfin)

î }`d` kæt dbfq` tnqëf bf D~q|f 61" wnink`t ~i }`d` kæt gn qndwf }fqf fdnbnqfq wqft nbd`dhn }qndngniwn" s bf d~q|f 66 nt kni`t gnbcdfgf" nb }qàbnkf fv~ë tnqëf bf }q`}cf d~ q|f 61"dì k~dh` t~a|cqfen" s k~s d`k}bcdfgf gn wqfufq) B~no` nb dcqd~cw` nt aftwfiwn d`qw` s iì`t v~ngfi kæt `}`qw~icgfgnt)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Aãbocdf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg gct}~wfgf ni Aãbocdfdì kì`}bfuft) Fdw~fbkniwn nt |æbcgf }fqf nb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6) Bf Lôqk~bf4=== Ciwnqifdcìfb fd`k}föô f bf Lôqk~bf 6 ni 638? s gntgn 6336 hftwf 1==7) T~ t~dnt`q"

bf O]1 Tnqcnt" hf hndh` b` kctk` gntgn 1==>)Bf }qcknqf dfqqnqf ifdcìfb anbof tn gct}~wô ni bf qnocôi gn T}f" ni ~if uìf v~n hf ntwfg`ft`dcfgf f b`t gn}`qwnt k`w`qcufg`t gntgn b`t }qcknq`t fö`t gn bft dfqqnqft" f lcifbnt gnbtcob` XCX) Ni 6316 tn dìtwq~sô nb dcqd~cw` gn T}f+Lqfid`qdhfk}t tc acni tôb` l~n ~wcbcufg`}fqf dfqqnqft gn k`w`dcdbnwft ni ~i }qcidc}c`)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Ntwfk`t fiwn ~i dcqd~cw` dì k~dhf |nb`dcgfg" wnink`t k~dh`t wqfk`t f lìg`" s

}`dft lqnifgft ck}`qwfiwnt" fõi d~fig` nb tno~ig` tndw`q nt qn|cqfg` s indntcwf gn dcnqw`fofqqn fnq`gciækcd`" b` dcnqw` nt v~n }nifbcufqëfk`t gnkftc fg` b`t `wq`t g`t tndw`qnt" }`qwfiw`" hnk`t gn ntdònq ~if dfqof fnq`gciækcdf afef)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Nb }~iw` dqëwcd` v~n hfdn v~n ~i tnw~} tnf a~ni` ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" nt d`k}bne`}`qv~n }fqf b`t wqfk`t gn fbwft |nb`dcgfgnt indntcwfk`t ~if afef fbw~qf gnb dh ftct" }nq` niNf~ Q`~on nt lædcb w`dfq dì nb lìg` }bfi` ni bf }ctwf" }`q wfiw`" i` }`gqnk`t afefq bft



t~t}nitcìnt wfiw` d`k` v~nqnk`t" nig~qndnqbft i`t fs~gfqæ f }`gnq fdnqdfq ~i }`d` kæt bffbw~qf f b` v~n v~nqnk`t" }nq` gnank`t wninq d~cgfg` dì bf t~ t}nitcôi wqftnqf }`qv~n tc bfnig~qndnk`t ni nxdnt`" }nqgnqnk`t wqfddcôi f bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft 6 s 63 s d`qqnqnk`tqcnto` gn wq`k}`)

Afbfidn5 Fb v~cwfq dfqof fnq`gciækcdf" nb afbfidn gnb d`dhn w`kf kæt }q`wfoìctk`" hfsk~dhft d~q|ft kngcft ni nb tno~ig` tndw`q gìgn hnk`t gn wninq ~i d`dhn }nqlndwfkniwnnv~cbcaqfg` s gôdcb }fqf }`gnq lqnifq ni nb tcwc` e ~tw` s bbn|fqb` }`q bf wqfufgf)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Ni ntwn dcqd~cw` tn ~wcbcuf ~if qnbfdcôi gn kfqdhft k~s bfqof"bbnofqnk`t f ~if gn bft |nb`dcgfgnt kæxckft kæt fbwft gnb k~igcfb)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 77 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 3 D~q|ft f bf gnqndhf5 6=


Ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" v~ngfi k~s gnlcicg`t b`t tcwc`t gìgn tn }~ngn fgnbfiwfq" }fqf kë tì 4)

D~q|f 6" Acni }`gqëf hfanqbf nikfqdfg` d`k` }~iw` }`tcabn ni |nu gn dbfq`" }nq` bf |nqgfgv~n }fqf kë nt aftwfiwn dbfq`" tc acni tn hfi gn d~k}bcq dcnqw`t qnv~ctcw`t }fqf }`gnqfgnbfiwfq" sf v~n bf qndwf gn knwf nt d`qwf) Tc tfbck`t gn bf A~t Tw`} }nofg`t fb d`dhn gngnbfiwn" }`gqnk`t f}~qfqbn bf lqnifgf ni bf d~q|f 6" s ofifq ciwnqc`q)

D~q|f >" Ntdnifqc` gnb v~n }fqf k~dh`t nt ~i` gn b`t kne`qnt fgnbfiwfkcniw`t gn bf hctw`qcf"gct}ìgqnk`t gntgn bf tfbcgf gn bf d~q|f 6 }fqf }qn}fqfqb`" s lcefq ni nb àenwc|` fb d`dhnv~n i`t }qndngn" nt bf tcw~fdcôi cgnfb gn qna~l`" tc acni bf lqnifgf i` ntwæ gnkftcfg`kfqdfgf" nt ~i ntdnifqc` k~s lf|`qfabn }fqf fgnbfiwfq)

Bf v~n }fqf kë nt bf d~q|f kæt nt}ndwfd~bfq }fqf fgnbfiwfq" bf A~t Tw`}" wnigqnk`t gntgn nb}qcidc}c` gnb wnqdnq tndw`q }fqf }qn}fqfqi`t nb fgnbfiwfkcniw` s |nicq fofuf}fg`t wqft nbfbnqôi gn bf |ëdwckf" }`gqnk`t tfbcq e~tw` fiwnt gn bf d~q|f s k`twqfqi`t }`q t~ qnwq`|ct`qgnqndh`" }`d` wnigqæ v~n hfdnq sf v~n i` wnigqæ nt}fdc` lëtcd` }fqf wqfufq bf dhcdfin" s tctn i`t ntdf}f bf `}`qw~icgfg" tcnk}qn }`gqnk`t qnd~qqcq `wqf |nu fb }~iw` 6)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Cwfbcf nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg gct}~wfgf dìkì`}bfuft ni Cwfbcf) Nt ~if gn bft dfqqnqft gn Oqfi ]qnkc` kæt fiwco~ft" dì t~ }qcknqfngcdcôi gct}~wfgf ni nb fö` 6316) Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Cwfbcf l`qkf }fqwn gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 gntgnt~ cicdc` ni 63>= s" e~iw` dì nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Oqfi Aqnwföf" tì b`t õicd`t v~n hfi ntwfg`

ni nb dfbnigfqc` w`g`t b`t fö`t) Hfdn d~fwq` gãdfgft v~n icioõi }cb`w` cwfbcfi` wqc~ilf ni bfd`k}nwnidcf) W`gft tfb|` dcid` ngcdcìnt gnb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Cwfbcf tn hfi d`qqcg` ni Kìuf"~i f~wôgq`k` dìtwq~cg` ni 6311 nt}ndëlcdfkniwn }fqf fbanqofq bf dfqqnqf)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Fv~ë kn o~twfqëf ~i }`d` nx}bcdfq fbo~i`t gnwfbbnt v~n f }qc`qc }~ngni }ftfqgntf}nqdcacg`t" d`k` d`kniwfaf kæt fqqcaf) Ntwfk`t fiwn ~i dcqd~cw` dì nb qnd`qg gn|nb`dcgfg kngcf v~n tn kfqdô Tdh~kc" b` v~n v~cnqn gndcq v~n indntcwfk`t fbo` gctwciw` fb

qntw` gn b`t dcqd~cw`t }fqf wninq ~i a~ni qnigckcniw`" gn hndh`" b` t nv~c}`t hfi gndbfqfg`v~n nb L+G~dw tno~qfkniwn i` tcoiclcv~n icio~if |niwfef fv~ë) ]fqf d`k}qnignqb`" i`wnink`t kæt v~n dìt~bwfq ~if niwqfgf gn E`qt v~n i`t b` fdbfqfqæ)

Nlndwc|fkniwn" b`t nv~c}`t ~wcbcufi ~if fnq`gciækcdf nt}ndëlcdf }fqf ntwn dcqd~c w`" ~i`tfbnqìnt dftc h`qcuìwfbnt" gìgn i` wcnin tniwcg` nb nlndw` ·Twfbb¾ gnb L +G~dw" sf v~n dftci` }q`g~dni gqfo) Ãtwf dfqfdwnqëtwcdf gn bf fnq`gciækcdf gn b`t kì`}bfuft v~n |cnini f



Kìuf nt bf df~tf gn kc d`kniwfqc` gnb }qcidc}c̀ gn bf niwqfgf" sf v~n i` w`g` tì qndwft" sf~iv~n ãtwft tì k~s ck}`qwfiwnt" s i` }`gnk`t knwnq dfqof fnq`gciækcdf }`q v~n i`t}ftfqëfi d`k` f|cìnt) Wnink`t 4 dhcdfint" g`t d~q|ft gn kngcf |nb`dcgfg s ~if }fqfaôbcdfv~n wfkacãi wcnini fbo` v~n gndcq ni nb wcnk}` }`q |~nb wf) Indntcwfk`t ntwfacbcgfg gn

lqnifgf" indntcwfk`t oqc} f afef |nb`dcgfg s indntcwfk`t wqfddcìfq nxv~ctcwfkniwn }fqfv~n }`gfk`t fbdfiufq bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf fb lcifb gn bft qndwft) Ntw` tn dìtco~n ni }fqwndì bf }nqcdcf gn b`t }cb`w`t" v~n ni ntwn dcq d~cw` i` d~niwfi wfiw` dì bf fs~gf gn bffnq`gciækcdf d`k` ni `wq`t dcqd~cw`t)

Nb qntw` wnink`t v~n dìtno~cqb` kngcfiwn fe~twnt) °V~ã }`gnk`t fe~twfq0 Hftwf fh`qfhnk`t |ctw` v~n }`gnk`t dìtno~cq a~ni oqc} kngcfiwn bft t~t}nitcìnt" gn bft v~nhfabfqnk`t f dìwci~fdcôi" gnb afbfidn gnb d`dhn" s gn ~i |fb`q gnb v~n i` hfaëfk`t hfabfg` s v~n ni ~i l~w~q` w`dfqnk`t ni }q`l~igcgfg5 Bft dfëgft (dfkanq ni ciobãt#) Tì

ck}`qwfiwëtckft }fqf ~i a~ni oqc} s tàqn w`g` ni f~tnidcf gn f}`s` fnq`gciækcd`) ]`gnk`tqno~bfq nb æio~b` gn cidbcifdcôi |nqwcdfb gn bft q~ngft gnb d`dhn gn l`qkf v~n fb ntwfq ni ~ifd~q|f" ãtwf f}`sn d`k}bnwfkniwn ni ntf tcw~fdcôi s i`t `lqnudf t~ kne`q fofqqn)

T~t}nitc̀ int5 @wq` }~iw` ck}`qwfiwëtck` ni ntwn dcqd~cw`) ]`q ~if }fqwn" }fqf fbdfi ufq bfkæxckf |nb`dcgfg gnank`t ntwfq b` kæt }nofg` }`tcabn fb t~nb`" }`q `wqf }fqwn" ni bftdhcdfint i`t d`knqnk`t b`t }cfi`t" s }`q tc ntw` l~nqf }`d`" }`q `wqf }fqwn }fqf kne`qfq bfwqfddcôi gnank`t fabfigfq bf wqftnqf" s ni d~fiw` f bf ntwfacbcgfg" gna nk`t d`k}nitfqb` nibf gnbfiwnqf }fqf v~n nb d`dhn qnt}ìgf dì focbcgfg) W`g` ~i qnw`)

Afbfidn5 K~s dqëwcd`" tàqn w`g` ni Ftdfqc" hnk`t gn wninq nb d`dhn }nqlndwfkniwnd`k}nitfg` niwqn b`t g`t nent }fqf }`gnq dìwq`bfqb`" }`qv~n nt lædcb }nqgnq oqc} s fd fafqni bf oqf|f)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Gnank`t ntdònq }qædwcdfkniwn bf kæt bfqof gnb k~igcfb" sf v~n fv~ëtn fbdfiufi bft |nb`dcgfgnt kæt fbwft" }nq` fgnkæt tn fgnbfiwf }`q qna~l`" b` v~n v~cnqngndcq v~n tc dfbd~bfk`t bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf ni b`t niwqni`t" gnank`t gnefq ~i kfqoni }fqfi` bbnofq fb w`}n gn q}kt)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >4 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 7 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 ?

I n~kæwcd`t

Ntwfk`t ni bft õbwckft dfqqnqft gn Aqcgontwìn" ni ~i dcqd~cw` v~n i` gnanqëf tnq ~i}qàbnkf" wqfni bft abfigft s bft g~qft) Nb õicd` }~iw` dìlbcdwc|` }fqf b`t in~kæwcd`t nt bf



d~q|f }fqfaôbcdf" gìgn nb in~kæwcd` gnbfiwnq` cuv~cnqg` t~lqn s tn dfbcniwf aftwfiwn) Nbqntw` gnb dcqd~cw` i` t~}ìn ~i oqfi qnw` }fqf nbb`t)


Ni wn`qëf nt ~i oqfi dcqd~cw` }fqf fgnbfiwfq" }nq` wnio` kct g~gft fdnqdf gn v~n bftw~qa~bnidcft oninqfgft }`q fbo~i`t d`dhnt d`k` nb L`qdn Cigcf tnfi gn fs~gf)

Nb }~iw` kæt dbfq` gnb dcqd~cw`" bf d~q|f 6) \nick`t gn bf }fqfaôbcdf" tc hnk`t dìtno~cg` ~ifa~nif wqfufgf" hnk`t fdnbnqfg` ni nb k`kniw` `}`qw~i` s dì fghnqnidcf" tfbcnig` wqft ~id`dhn" gnan tnq }`tcabn fgnbfiwfq }`q qna~l`) @e` f bf qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t v~n }`gnk`thfdnq w`}n gn qn|`b~dcìnt)

Nb tno~ig` }~iw` nt dftc ~if d`}cf gnb }qcknq`) Gna nk`t tfbcq acni gn bf }qcknqf dhcdfin sacni }nofg`t" tc acni nt ~i }`d` kæt d`k}bcdfg` fb wninq ~i }`d` gn d~q|f" bft w~qa~bnidcfttì kæt gnbcdfgft) Bf }qcknqf d~q|f gn bf dhcdfin nt k~s dnqqfgf s hfs v~n wninq d~cgfg` gni` bbn|fqi`t }`q gnbfiwn fb d`dhn v~n |fk`t f fgnbfiwfq) @e` fb tfbcq gn bf dhcdfin s i`}ìnqi`t inq|c`t`t dì nb fdnbnqfg`q" v~n bf }`gnk`t bcfq)

Nb tcwc` kæt d`k}bcdfg` nt nb cicdc` gn bf |fqcfiwn Ftdfqc" fv~ë gnank`t tfbcq k~s k~s acni sk~s l~nqwn gn Bntk` s fgnbfiwfq }`q qna~l` fiwnt gn bf lqnifgf" }~ntw` v~n ni Ftdfqc ntgclcdcb hfdnq g`t wqfufgft gctwciwft) Tc niwqfk`t l`qufg`t wnink`t k~dhft }f}nbnwft gnhfdnq foqcd~bw~qf }`q bf }~u`bfif)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Tciof}~q nt ~if d`k}nwcdcôi gn f~w`k`| cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg gn Tciof}~q)

Ntwft dfqqnqft i` l`qkfafi }fqwn gnb dfbnigfqc` gn bf Lôqk~bf 6" tci` v~n l`qkfafi }fqwngnb dfbnigfqc` gn Lôqk~bf Bcaqn) F }fqwcq gn t~ ngcdcôi gn 1==8" nt ~if lndhf }~iw~fabn }fqfnb dfk}nìfw` k~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6)

Bf ngcdcôi gn 1==8 tn gct}~wô gnb 1< fb 18 gn tn}wcnkaqn gn 1==8" ni ~i dcqd~cw` ~qafi` niw`qi` f bf dãiwqcdf uìf gn Kfqcif Afs s dì ~if bìocw~g gn >)=<? knwq`t) Nb dcqd~cw`~qafi` wcnin 17 d~q|ft (6= f gnqndhft s 67 f cuv~cnqgft# bft d~fbnt hfs v~n qnd`qqnqbf t f b`bfqo` gn <6 |~nbwft" ni tniwcg` dìwqfqc` f bft fo~eft gnb qnbè)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Ni d~fiw` fb tnw~} fnq`gciækcd`" bf dfqof nt gn bft kæt fbwft" dftc d`k` niKôifd "̀ tc acni fv~ë hfs kæt qndwft" f~iv~n d`k` ntwæ `d~qqcnig` ntwn fö`" nb L +G~dw hfqæv~n tn }~ngf ~tfq ~if oqfi dfqof tci v~n }nifbcdn ni bft qndwft)

T~t}nitcìnt5 K~s dqëwcd`" f gclnqnidcf gn bf }fqwn fnq`gciækcdf" gìgn b` lædcb nt ~tfq ~ifdfqof fbwf" bft t~t}nitcìnt gnani tnq aftwfiwn abfigft }fqf }nqkcwcq ~i a~ni oqc}) Bf f bw~qf



fb t~nb` wfkacãi nt ck}`qwfiwn" gfg` v~n fb fabfigfq bft t~t}nitcìnt" bf fbw~qf |fqcfqæaftwfiwn f b` bfqo` gn ~if |~nbwf" gnacg` wfkacãi f bf oqfi dfqof fnq`gciækcdf" }`q wfiw`"hfs v~n ntw~gcfq k~s acni ntwn |fb`q ni bft wnbnknwqëft" sf v~n nt k~s lædcb }nofq dì nblìg` }bfi` ni nb t~nb` s }`q wfiw` }nqgnq nb dìwq`b gnb d`dhn" tàqn w`g` ni bf uìf gnb

}~niwn" niwqn bft d~q|ft 61 s 64) Bf tfbcgf gnb }cw bfin wfkacãi wniëf ~i }nv~nö` qntfbw` }`qbf gclnqnidcf gn ftlfbwfg` dì nb qntw` gnb dcqd~cw`" }nq` }fqndn v~n ntwn fö` b` hfit`b~dcìfg`)

Afbfidn5 @wq` lfdw`q dqëwcd`" sf v~n bf }qng`kcifidcf gn d~q|f bniwf (6=>jk/h gn kngcf nibft d~q|ft# hfdn v~n ~i d`dhn v~n i` ntwã acni d`k}nitfg` tnf k~s gclëdcb gn nidfefq ni bfwqfufgf) Hfs v~n wninq k~s d`k}nitfgft bft g~qnuft niwqn bft t~t}nitcìnt gnbfiwnqft swqftnqft" s bft ntwfacbcufg`qft" sf v~n d~fbv~cnq këickf gclnqnidcf gn kæt" b` }fofqnk`t dì~i d`dhn gnkftcfg` t~a|cqfg`q ` gnkftcfg` tàqn|cqfg`q)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckf nt gn bft kæt afeft gnb k~igcfb" 136jk/h" b` v~n~icg` f bf oqfi dfqof fnq`gciækcdf" hfdn v~n indntcwnk`t ~if qnbfdcôi aftwfiwn d`qwf)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 <6 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 67 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 3


Gclëdcb tnddcôi }fqf ntwn dcqd~cw`) ]~iw`t dbfq`t s }nqlndw`t }fqf fgnbfiwfq dftc v~n i`nxctwni" sf v~n w`g`t wcnini ~i }nq`" i` àtwfiwn b`t dbftclcdfqnk`t }`q b`t v~n hfs)

]~iw`t dbfq`t5

Bf lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f ?" |cnin }qndngcgf }`q bf uìf gn qndwf kæt fk}bcf gnb dcqd~cw`"gnank`t }`gnq dònq qna~l` wqfufig` acni bf d~q|f >" tc acni bf lqnifgf gn bf ? i` nt w`g`b` l~nqwn v~n gnanqëf }fqf }`gnqtn fgnbfiwfq tci gnt}ncifqtn)

Bf lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 67 nt k~s dnqqfgf" f~iv~n bf qndwf v~n bf }qndngn i` nt b`t~lcdcniwnkniwn bfqof" fgnkæt" nt d`k}bcdfg` tfbcq acni gn bf 64" }nq` nt ~i a~ni }~iw` }fqfntwn dcqd~cw`)

]~iw`t }`tcabnt5

Lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 8" tc i` hnk`t }`gcg` fgnbfiwfq ni bf ?" }`gnk`t ciwniwfq w`kfq nbciwnqc`q ni ãtwf" sf v~n bf lqnifgf nt kæt l~nqwn" dì ~i æio~b` dnqdfi` f b`t 3= oqfg`t sdì b`t k~q`t dnqdf)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Ef}ôi nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg v~n tn d`qqn ni Ef}ôid`k` }fqwn gnb dfk}nìfw` gn Lôqk~bf 6) Gntgn t~ }qcknqf cidb~tcôi ni nb dfbnigfqc` gn bf

Lôqk~bf 6" nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Ef}ôi tn hf dì|nqwcg` ni tciôick` gn nk`dcôi s dìwq`|nqtcf)T~ b~ofq wqfgcdcìfb fb lcifb gnb dfbnigfqc` hfdëf v~n ni ntwn n|niw` oninqfbkniwn tngndcgcnqfi b`t dfk}nìfw`t) Gn b`t }qcknq`t 63 oqfignt }qnkc`t v~n tn gct}~wfqì ni Ef}ôi"ni 66 gn nbb`t tn gndcgcô nb wëw~b` k~igcfb ni Ef}ôi (63?<" 638 ?+6336" 633<" 6338+1===" s1==4#) Fdw~fbkniwn nt nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fa~ Ghfac bf õbwckf dfqqnqf gnb dfk}nìfw`)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/Fnq`5 Tn wqfwf gn ~i dcqd~cw` dì ~i a~ni oqc}" nt aftwfiwn faqftc|`" }nqìndntcwfqnk`t ~if a~nif dfqof fnq`gciækcdf" sf v~ n ni bft ntnt }`gnk`t }nqgnq k~dhëtck`

wcnk}` bbn|fig` }`df dfqof" wcnk}` v~n i` qnd~}nqfqëfk`t gn icio~if l`qkf ni nb }fq gnqndwft gìgn }`gnk`t fbdfiufq ~if a~nif |nb`dcgfg" fgnkæt d`k}q`knwnqëfk`t nbd`k}`qwfkcniw` gnb d`dhn ni bf lfk`tf 64=Q) ]`q b` w fiw`" tfdqclcdfqnk`t |nb`dcgfg }~iwf fd`twf gn ~i a~ni fofqqn fnq`gciækcd`) Wnio` v~n föfgcq v~n nt ~i dcqd~cw` cgnfb }fqf nb L +G~dw" sf v~n }`gqnk`t knwnq kæt dfqof ni bft ntnt s b~no` ntf dfqof gntf}fqndnqæ wf}fig`



nb ·fo~enqcw`¾ ni nb }fq gn qndwft v~n wnink`t" f~kniwfig` bconqfkniwn bf |nb`dcgfg kæxckfwn`qëdf gnb dcqd~cw`) \f f tnq ciwnqntfiwn ntwn }~iw`)

T~t}nitcìnt5 Wnkf aftwfiwn gnbcdfg` ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" s kæt dì bft dfqoft gn d`ka~twcabngn ntwn fö`) Nb dcqd~cw` i`t }cgn t~t}nitcìnt g~qft }fqf fwfdfq bft d~q|ft qæ}cgft" }nq` ntwæ

fbo` afdhnfg`" s fgnkæt wnink`t g`t uìft k~s bniwft" bf h`qv~cbbf s bf dhcdfin gn Dftc`Wqcfiobn" b` v~n hfdn v~n gnafk`t fabfigfqbft" }nq` wnink`t v~n wninq ni d~niwf wfkacãiv~n dìwqf kæt afe` bbn|nk`t nb d`dhn" kfs`q nlndw` wnigqæ nb gcl~t`q s kne`q fnq`gciækcdfbbn|fqnk`t" }`q wfiw` hnk`t gn }qàfq s }qàfq }fqf gfq dì bf d`kacifdcôi gn g~qnuf +fbw~qf+oqc} gn bft t~t}nitcìnt)

Afbfidn5 Nt kæt ck}`qwfiwn ~i afbfidn fnq`gciækcd` v~n gn t~t}nitcìnt" sf v~n bft uìftbniwft tì }~iw~fbnt s i` nibfufgft" tci nkafqo` ~if kfbf d`k}nitfdcôi gn fbf gnbfiwnqf swqftnqf }~ngn hfdnq v~n tn i`t |fsf nb d`dhn ni bf uìf gn bf d~q|f G~ib`} fb kæt }~q` ntwcb`Fbo~nqt~fqc)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Fb i` wninq ~if |nb`dcgfg kæxckf fbwf " ~tfqnk`t ~if qnbfdcôi aftwfiwnd`qwf" f~iv~n i` wfiw` d`k` ni dcqd~cw`t ~qafi`t)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >4 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 8 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 3

I n~kæwcd`t

Aqcgontwìn i`t d~niwf v~n wqfn b`t abfig`t s b`t g~q`t" s fgnkæt i`t qnd~nqgf v~n bf }fqwn

ntwn gnb dcqd~cw` ntwæ qnftlfbwfgf gntgn nb fö` }ftfg`" s v~n }`q wfiw` wnink`t g`t ic|nbntgn oqc}) Kc nx}nqcnidcf ni nb tck~bfg`q hf tcg` v~n b`t abfig`t kn g~qfafi k~s }`v~cwft|~nbwft" f bft 6= gfafi tëiw`kft gn gntoftwn" s f bft 1= ntwfafi w`wfbkniwn of twfg`t"fgnkæt tn tàqndfbniwfafi aftwfiwn ni bf uìf gn bft ntnt) Dì b`t g~q`t kn hf cg` k~dh`kne`q s hn àwnicg` kne`q oqc}) ]nq` dbfq` v~n ntwn fö` b`t aqcgontwìn abfig`t i` ntwæitcnig` b` v~n nqfiª ftë v~n t~}ìo` v~n i` hfaqæ nk`dcôi ni ntwn ft}nd w`)


Wnink`t wqnt ni w`wfb" 1 dbfq`t s 6 }`tcabn)]~iw`t dbfq`t5

D~q|f 66" h`qv~cbbf" d`k` hnk`t gcdh`" ~bwqfbniwf) Tc acni i` |cnin }qndngcgf }`q ~if oqfiqndwf" nt k~s gclëdcb gn wqfufq" }`q b` v~n fboõi nt}facbfg` }~ngn w`kfq nb ciwnqc`q" s ni nbk`kniw` v~n tfbof fbo` kæt }`q gnbfiwn" bf tco~cniwn lqnifgf nt f cuv~cnqgft" }`q b` v~n tfbndì |niwfef)



D~q|f 6<" bf lqnifgf gn bf Dftc` Wqcfiobn" nt kne`q lqnifgf v~n bf fiwnqc`q" fgnkæt |cnin}qndngcgf gn ~if oqfi qndwf s gn bf 64=Q" tn }~ngn |nicq dì qna~l`" bf gclcd~bwfg nt v~n nibf dhcdfin bf }ctwf nt e~twcwf }fqf 1 kì`}bfuft)

]~iw`t }`tcabnt5

Bf lqnifgf gn lcifb gn qndwf" v~n i` nt k~s l~nqwn" }`q nt` bf gnlci` d`k` }`tcabn" tn }~ngn|nicq dì qna~l` s ni }bfi foqntc|` fqqèfqtn fb ciwnqc`q lqnifig` kni`t v~n nb gn gnbfiwn"f~iv~n gnacg` f bf dbfqcgfg gn b`t `wq`t g`t }~iw`t" s` nt}nqfqëf }fqf hfdnqb`)

]`gqëf gndcq v~n bf 64=Q" }nq` kne`q i`) Sf h~a` fboõi b`d` v~n b` hcu` fbbë" }nq` d`k` i` tnff ~i Hct}ficf ` ~i \cqoci" i` kn fwqn|nqëf)

Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn bf Qn}õabcdf gn D`qnf" dì`dcg` wfk acãi d`k` gn D`qnf gnb T~q" nt ~ifdfqqnqf fi~fb gn Lôqk~bf 6 v~n tn dnbnaqf ni D`qnf gnb T~q) Nb 1 gn `dw~aqn gn 1==< tnfi~idcô bf }qcknqf dfqqnqf }fqf nb 1=6=" v~n w~|` b~ofq ni nb Dcqd~cw` Ciwnqifdcìfb gn D`qnf s v~n dì|cqwcô f Lnqifig` Fbìt` d`k` nb }qcknq ofifg`q)



Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Dì qnt}ndw` fb Tnw~} gnb d`dhn" f lfbwf gn tfanq dôk` tn d`k}`qwfqæ nb ftlfbw`" d`kniwfqãv~n wnink`t ~i tndw`q gn |nb`dcgfg }~qf dì d~q|f bniwf" }f qf b` d~fb indntcwfk`t afef dfqoffnq`gciækcdf s ~if nxdnbniwn wqfddcôi" }fqf b` d~fb gnank`t wninq bf t~t}nitcôi wqftnqf kæt

abfigf gn b` i`qkfb }fqf v~n ofin fghnqnidcf)

Ni b`t `wq`t g`t tndw`qnt" bf d`tf dfkacf" cidb~t` fb lcifb gnb }qcknq` tàqn w`g`" wnink`t~if tnqcn gn d~q|ft dnqqfgft" gìgn nb nen gnbfiwnq` qnv~cnqn }q`wfoìctk` s fofqqn" }`qwfiw`" gnanqëfk`t t~acq bf dfqof fnq`gciækcdf gn gcdh` fbnqôi" f bf |nu v~n fabfigfq bft~t}nitcôi gnbfiwnqf" b` v~n i`t hfqæ ofifq fofqqn }fqf flqìwfq ntwn w c}` gn d~q|ft)

]nq` ntw` i` fdfaf fv~ë" sf v~n bf uìf gn d~q|ft qæ}cgft gnb tno~ig` s wnqdnq tndw`qqnv~cnqni ~if t~t}nitcôi g~qf v~n i`t ftno~qn bf wqfsndw`qcf" ~if afef fbw~qf gnb d`dhn v~n

kne`qn bf fnq`gciækcdf" d`tf i`qkfbkniwn i` d`k}fwcabn dì fabf igfq bft t~t}nitcìnt"tàqn w`g` ni dcqd~cw`t afdhnfg`t" s i` tfank`t tc ãtwn wnigqæ afdhnt f bft }`dft |~nbwftª

\nk`t v~n nb tnw~} tn i`t d`k}bcdf }`q k`kniw`t) °V~ã `}dcôi w`kfq0 Nt gclëdcb gn gndcq) Sì` hn wnicg` nb wcnk}` indntfqc` }fqf d`k}qàfq wc nk}`t dì w`gft bft dìlco~qfdcìnt"w`kfq wnbnknwqëft s fifbcufqbft" w`kfqëf k~dhft h`qft) B` v~n të tã nt v~n ~i a~ni L +g~dwgnan fs~gfq aftwfiwn ni ntwn dcqd~cw`" }`qv~n |fk`t f indntcwfq ~if a~nif dfqoffnq`gciækcdf ni g`t tndw`qnt }nq` ~if a~nif |nb`d cgfg }~iwf ni nb }qcknq`)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >> D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 66 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 ?


Lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 4" fb lcifb gnb qn}ndh`" wnink`t k~dhf qndwf }fqf ofifq qna~l`)

Lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 7" wnink`t kni`t qndwf }nq` tn }~ngn wqfufq gn |fqcft l`qkft fb tnq~if h`qv~cbbf)

Lqnifgf gn bf qndwf gn knwf" d~q|ft 6 s 1)

Ni nb qntw` gnb dcqd~cw` nt }qædwcdfkniwn ck}`tcabn fgnbfiwfq" nt d`k` ~i H~iofq`qcio)



Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fa~ Gfac nt ~if dfqqnqf gn f~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg v~n l`qkf }fqwngnb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6 gntgn nb fö` 1==3 s wcnin b~ofq ni nb Dcqd~cw` gn SftKfqcif" nkcqfw` gn Fa~ Gfac" Nkcqfw`t Æqfant îcg`t) Nt bf tno~igf ni gct}~wfqtn ni@qcniwn Kngc`" b~no` gnb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Afhqãci ntwqnifg` ni 1==7) Bf O]1 Ftcf Tnqcnttcq|cô d`k` wnbìnqf ni 1==3 s bf O]1 Tnqcnt ni 1=6=)

Bf }qcknqf ngcdcôi gnb Oqfi ]qnkc`" v~n w~|` b~ofq nb 6 gn i`|cnkaqn gn 1==3" l~n fi~idcfgff }qcidc}c`t gn 1==? ni nb Lntwc|fb gn Lôqk~bf 6 gn Fa~ Gfac) Wcnin b~ofq ni i`|cnka qn s ntbf õbwckf ` }niõbwckf dfqqnqf gn bf wnk}`qfgf)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Gfgft bft dfqfdwnqëtwcdft gnb wqfufg` }`gnk`t |nq |fqcft d`tft5

Nb qn}fqw` gn }nt`t nt k~s ck}`qwfiwn ni nb õbwck` tndw`q s ni bft d~q|ft bniwft d`k` bf ?)



Ni ntwn dcqd~cw` nt k~s ck}`qwfiwn nb d`k}q`kct` fnq`gciækcd` niwqn |nb`dcgfg ni qndwf s}ft` }`q d~q|f" nt d`k` tc w~|cãqfk`t ~i Kôifd` dì 4 qndwft qæ}cgft k~s bfqoft)

Nb JNQT nt ~i fqkf f bf kngcgf gn ntwn dcqd~cw`" dì oqfignt qndwft }fqf ~tfqb` s oqfigntlqnifgft }fqf qndfqofqb`)

B`t lqni`t tn dfbcniwfi k~dh` ni bft lqnifgft gn b`t }qcknq`t tndw`qnt s b~no` ni nb õbwck`}~ngn v~n i` tn qnlqconqni b` t~lcdcniwn)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 >> D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 64 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 8

]~iw`t dqëwcd`t gnb dcqd~cw`

Nb kæt bbfkfwc|` s }`q nb }qcknq` v~n }ftfi b`t }cb`w`t" nt tci g~gf bf tfbcgf gnb }cw+bfin"wcnin ~if d~q|f f cuv~cnqgf wqft bf d~fb tn }ftf }`q ~i wõinb afe` nb lcifb gn bf qndwf gn knwf"

}fqf b~no` t~acq n cid`q}`qfqtn fb dcqd~cw` wqft bf d~q|f 1)Bft d~q|ft >" < s ? l`qkfi ~if uìf t~}nq bniwf" nt ~if |fqcfiwn gnb dcqd~cw` hndhf }fqf b`tL6" tn }ftf w`gf ni tno~igf |nb`dcgfg s hfs v~n wninq ~if a~nif wqfddcôi }fqf }`gnq tfbcqacni gn bf ? hfdcf bf qndwf gn fwqæt)

Bft d~q|ft 8 s 3" tcw~fgft fb lcifb gn bf bfqof qndwf gn fwqæt" kfqdfi nb kne`q }~iw` gnfgnbfiwfkcniw` gnb dcqd~cw`" tn lqnif bbnofig` ni tã}wckf |nb`dcgfg f ~i`t 46> +41= jk/hgn}nigcnig` gn bf dìlco~qfdcôi fnq`gciækcdf" tn wqfwf gn ~if tnkc +dhcdfin" gìgn hfs v~nwqfufq acni }`q b`t }cfi`t }fqf tfbcq dì bf kfs`q |nb`dcgfg }`tcabn gn bf d~q|f 3)

Wqft bf d~q|f 6=" wnink`t `wqf dhcdfin" 66" 61 s 64" b` v~n i`t gf `wq` a~ni }~iw` gnfgnbfiwfkcniw`" bbnofk`t wfkacãi f ~i`t 46> jk/h tc hnk`t tfbcg` acni gn bf d~q|f 3)

Nb dìe~iw` gn d~q|ft 6>" 6< s 6? i`t gf ~if gclëdcb uìf" sf v~n fb tfbcq gn bf 67 s dì a~nifwqfddcôi" bf 6> tn hfdn f lìg`" bn|fiwfig` ~i }`d` ni bf 6< s e~tw` f t~ tfbcgf wnink`t bflqnifgf }fqf bf 6?" wnicnig` ~if oqfi d~q|f gn gàbn qfgc` dì lqnifgf f t~ lcifb" bfgclcd~bwfg ntwæ ni wninq nb d`dhn acni d~fgqfg` ni bf lqnifgf gn bf 6?" ni b`t bcaqnt tnqæ ~if}`tcabn uìf gn nxd~qtcìnt)

S i~ntwq` v~nqcg` Wcbjn i` caf f gnefq v~n wnqkciæqfk`t bf |~nbwf tci ~i õbwck` w`v~n t~s`" bfõbwckf d~q|f gnb dcqd~cw`" bf 16 wcnin gàbn |ãqwcdn s gf }cn f fgnbfiwfkcniw`t ni bf qndwf gnknwf gn}nigcnig` gn dôk` tn wqfdn)



Dìlco~qfdcôi fnq`gciækcdf

Gnacg` f bft ni`qknt qndwft" b`t cionicnq`t }~ngni ntwfq wniwfg`t gn }ìnq ~if dfqoffnq`gciækcdf afef" }nq` nb d`dhn tn hfqëf cidìg~dcabn ni nb qn|cqfg` t ndw`q 4 s ni bft d~q|ft>" < s ?" b` v~n fdìtnef nbnocq ~if dfqof kngcf tc nb fofqqn kndæicd` gnb d`dhn b` }nqkcwn"

kcniwqft v~n b`t d`dhnt dì afe` fofqqn kndæicd` gnanqæi t~acq ~i }`d` bf dfqof)

K`w`q

Wfb s d`k` bbnofi b`t nv~c}`t e~tw`t gn k`w`qnt f nt wf dfqqnqf" s dì bft oqfignt qndwft sd~q|ft dì aftwfiwn wcnk}` f w`}n" tno~cgft gn tndw`qnt bniw`t v~n f}`qwfi }`dfqnlqconqfdcôi" nt ~i ntdnifqc` }q`}cdc` }fqf |nq fbo~if q`w~qf gn k`w`q

I n~kæwcd`t

Bf fbwf wnk}nqfw~qf ~icgf f bf nxconidcf gn fofqqn kndæicd` gn bft uìft bniwft s f wninq ~iftlfbw` i~n|` tì lfdw`qnt v~n f}~iwfi f ~i gntoftwn aftwfiwn fb w` gn b`t in~kæwcd`t)

Nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Aqftcb (ni }`qw~o~ãt5 Oqfign ]qåkc` g` Aqftcb# nt ~if dfqqnqf gnf~w`k`|cbctk` gn |nb`dcgfg |æbcgf }fqf nb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6) Fdw~fbkniwn tngct}~wf ni nb F~wôgq`k` E`tã Dfqb`t ]fdn ni Ciwnqbfo`t (dc~gfg gn Tfi ]fab`#:



fiwnqc`qkniwn w~|` b~ofq wfkacãi ni nb F~wôgq`k` Ciwnqifdcìfb Inbtì ]cv~nw gnEfdfqn}fo~æ" Që` gn Efi ncq`)

Nb }cb`w` kæt |cdw`qc`t` gn bf dfqqnqf nt nb lqfidãt Fbfci ]q`tw" dì tnct wqc~il`t) Nbfqoniwci` Dfqb`t Qn~wnkfii s nb fbnkæi Kcdhfnb Tdh~kfdhnq b` tco~ni dì d~fwq` dìv~ctwft

dfgf ~i`) B`t b`dfwfqc`t v~n ofifqì nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Aqftcb tì b`t df k}nìnt NknqtìLcwwc}fbgc" Inbtì ]cv~nw s Fsqwì Tniif" fb co~fb v~n E`tã Dfqb`t ]fdn s Lnbc}n Kfttf) Nb}f~bctwf Q~anit Afqqcdhnbb` d`k}cwcô 6? ngcdcìnt ni Ciwnqbfo`t" hfacnig` dìtno~cg` ~iwnqdnq }~ntw` ni 1==7 d`k` kne`q qnt~bwfg` s 66 fafigì`t)

Tnw~} gnb d`dhn

Oqc}/fnq`5 Nt ~i dcqd~cw` gìgn dftc tcnk}qn ntwfqnk`t ni d~q|f" dì wc}`t |fqcfg`t gnd~q|ft" }`q wfiw` nt l~igfkniwfb ~if a~nif dfqof fnq`gciækcdf }fqf ~i a~ni wcnk}` }`q

|~nbwf" f~iv~n }nifbcdnk`t ni bft g`t qndwft v~n hfs" b`t d`kcniu`t gn ãtwft tì ni d~q|f" s}`q wfiw` indntcwfqnk`t ntf dfqof }fqf tfbcq f a~nif |nb`dcgfg f gcdhft qndwft) Fv~ë nb L +G~dw wcnin k~dh` v~n gndcq)

T~t}nitcìnt5 K~s ck}`qwfiwnt" sf v~n hfs k~dhf d~q|f bniwf" ni nb tno~ig` tndw`q hfs ~ifuìf v~n nt dqëwcdf }fqf bft t~t}nitcìnt" gn gìgn gnanqnk`t tfdfq nb oqc} kndæicd` v~ni`t ofqfiwcdn ~if wqfddcôi nxdnbniwn) Gnanqnk`t bbn|fq bft t~t}nitcìnt kæt abfigft gn b`hfacw~fb }fqf ofifq fghnqnidcf ni ntwf uìf" s wninqbft acni dfbcaqfgft }fqf i` }nqgnq nbdìwq`b gnb d`dhn ni bf qndwf gn knwf" v~n ntwæ aftwfiwn ìg~bfgf)

Afbfidn5 Dq~dcfb }fqf hfdnq ~i a~ni wcnk}`" ni nb tndw`q 1 nb d`dhn hf gn ntwfq k~s lci`" ftëd`k` ni bft ntnt gn Tniif)

Qnbfdcôi gn dfkac`t5 Bbn|fqnk`t ~if qnbfdcôi ciwnqkngcf" wcqfig` f facnqwf gn }nigcnig` gnbfbf v~n tnfk`t df}fdnt gn v~cwfq tci }nqgnq wcnk}` }`q |~nbwf)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 ?6 D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 6= D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 >

I n~kfwcd`t

Aqcgontwìn" ni t~ }niõbwckf dfqqnqf wqfn b`t t~}nq abfig`t s b`t kngc`t s i` i`t k~ntwqficio~if }qn`d~}fdcôi tàqn nb qnigckcniw` gn b`t kctk`t ni ãtwn dcqd~cw`) Nt` të" nt ~idcqd~cw` gìgn b`t in~kæwcd`t s t~ ntwfg` nt k~s ck}`qwfiwn gnacg` fb tno~ig` tndw`q" gn}~q` fofqqn kndæicd` d`k` hnk`t d`kniwfg` fiwnqc`qkniwn)




Afe` kc }~iw` gn |ctwf" nt ~i a~ni dcqd~cw` }fqf fgnbfiwfq" fgnkæt" ni dcqd~itwfidcft k~sgctwciwft) Nt` të" }fqf hfdnqb` ni bf kfs`qëf gn b`t }~iw`t hfs v~n wninq a~nift kfi`t)

Wnink`t ~i }~iw` dbfq` s wqnt }`tcabnt)]~iw` dbfq`5

D`k` ni bf kfs`qëf gn b`t dcqd~cw`t" fb lcifb gn bf qndwf }qcidc}fb" nt` të" qnd`qgnk`t v~n nt~if d~q|f ~i }`d` }nd~bcfq s ni afefgf" s` dqn` v~n nb }~iw` gn lqnifgf i` ntwæ wfi kfqdfg`d`k` ni b`t dcqd~cw`t Wcbjn" s v~n tn }~ngn w`kfq gn |fqcft l`qkft" nt` fs~gf }fqf v~n b`t}cb`w`t }~ngfi ciwniwfq wqfufgft gctwciwft) @wq` }~iw` f lf|`q nt v~n }~ngnt |nicq ni qna~l`}qædwcdfkniwn gntgn bf lqnifgf gn bf d~q|f 61)

]~iw`t }`tcabnt5D~q|f 7" tc acni i` nt ~if lqnifgfl~nqwn" tn }~ngn ofifq bf }`tcdcôiw`kfig` acni bft ntnt gn Tniif"wnink`t ~if qndwf t~lcdcniwn }fqfw`kfq qna~l` n ciwniwfq knwnq nbk`qq` ni bf d~q|f) ]~ngn tnq ~i}~iw` }qàbnkæwcd`" sf v~n k~dh`t

}cb`w`t knwnqæi nb d`dhn tci tcwc` s sf wnink`t bë`)

D~q|f 8" nt ~if l~nqwn lqnifgf}qndngcgf gn ~if uìf aftwfiwnqæ}cgf" tn }~ngn hfdnq ~if wqfufgf k~s dnqqfgf s ofifq }`tcdcôi" bf gclcd~bwfg ntwqcaf ni v~nnb qna~l` nt d`k}bcdfg`" sf v~n indntcwfqnk`t fnq`gciækcdf ni bft d~q|ft }qndngniwnt)

D~q|f 6=" ~if h`qv~cbbf v~n tc acni i` wcnin ~if uìf gìgn |nicq dì qna~l`" tc v~n |cnin

}qndngcgf gn ~if uìf gìgn nb fofqqn kndæicd` nt l~igfkniwfb" s tc wnink`t ~i d`dhn acniqnobfg`" }`gnk`t bbnofq f nbbf dì t~}nqc`qcgfg s fgnbfiwfq)



L~ec T}nngfs nt ~i f~wôgq`k` v~n tn nid~niwqf ni Thcu~`jf" fb }cn gnb kìwn L~ec) Nblfaqcdfiwn gn f~w`kô|cbnt ef}ìãt W`s`wf K`w`q D`q}`qfwcì d`k}qô nb d`k}bne` ni nb fö`

1===) Ni b`t fö`t 1==? s 1==8" L~ec fbanqoô i~n|fkniwn nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Ef}ôi gnLôqk~bf 6)

Bf }ctwf l~n gctnöfgf }fqf tnq ~if }ctwf gn dfqqnqft ni`qkn" gn 44"4 jk dì ~if bfq ofgf gn6= jk }nq` i` h~a` t~lcdcniwn }qnt~}~ntw` }fqf d`k}bnwfq nb }q`sndw`" s tôb` l~n gctnöfgf~if tnxwf }fqwn) Nb dcqd~cw` faqcô t~t }~nqwft ni gcdcnkaqn gn 63<>" s tn gnk`twqô v~n nqf~if }ctwf }nbcoq`tf" sf v~n ni nbbf tn gcnqì k~dh`t dft`t gn fddcg niwnt) Nb wqfufg`dìtwq~cg` nqf gn < jk" dì ~if qndwf }qcidc}fb gn 1 jk" s bf }qcknqf d~q|f }nqfbwfgf) Fdf~tf gn ntw`" tn nbckciô nb }qcknq tndw`q gnb fiwco~` dcqd~cw`" s lcifbkniwn v~ngô dì bf

bìocw~g gn 7"4>3 jkBf ntnidcf gnb L~ec T}nngfs nt t~ bfqo~ëtckf qndwf" }`qv~n }`q b` gnkæt" w`g` tì d~q|ftwãdicdft gn afef |nb`dcgfg (tôb` hfs g`t d~q|ft gn |nb`dcgfg kngcf +fbwf#" v~n hfqæi v~n nboqc} kndæicd` w`kn ~if nt}ndcfb ck}`qwfidcf)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 <? D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 8 D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 8



Ni oninqfb" bft dfqfdwnqëtwcdft gnb wqfufg` hfqæi v~n bf kfs`qëf gn kì`}bfuft tn qnobniwcqfig` f abfig`t ni a~tdf gnb oqc} d`kniwfg`) Tcnk}qn v~n tn hfabf gn d~q|ft bniwft"f}fqndn wfkacãi ni ntdnif bf ck}`qwfidcf gn ~if a~nif wqfddcôi" }nq` ni L~ec n twn ft}ndw`

wcnin fõi kæt ck}`qwfidcf" }~nt gn dôk` tfbof nb kì`}bfuf gn bf õbwckf d~q|f (bf 6<#gn}nignqæ ni a~nif kngcgf bf |nb`dcgfg v~n }~ngf dònq ni bf qndwf }fqf fgnbfiwfq ` i` tnqfgnbfiwfg`)

]fqf f}q`|ndhfq bf bfqo~ëtckf qndwf fb kæxck` s }`gnqtn gnlnignq gn b`t fwfv~nt qc|fbnt" b`tnv~c}`t i` }`gqæi dfqofq w`gf bf fbf v~n gntnfqëfi }fqf gntni|`b|nqtn kne`q }`q b`t wqfk`tkæt qn|cqfg`t) Ni ~if uìf ni bf v~n b`t d`dhnt t~lqcqæi nt}ndcfbkniwn tnqæ ni bft d~q|ft 7 s> v~n dìl`qkfi ~i ocq` gn 68=µ" ni bft v~n nb t~a|cqfen ntwfqæ f bf `qgni gnb gëf)

Nb dcqd~cw` tôb` gct}ìn gn g`t lqnifgft ck}`qwfiwnt" ni bft d~q|ft 6 s 6=" s b`t in~kæwcd`ti` t~lqni ni nxdnt` }`q bf f~tnidcf gn d~q|ft qnfbkniwn qæ}cgft v~n bnt hfofi wqfafefq gn b`bcig`" s oqfdcft f ~i ftlfbw` aftwfiwn t~f|n) Nt` të" hfaqæ v~n |cocbfq nb gntoftwn gn bfto`kft wqftnqft" k~s t`bcdcwfgft ni bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft bniwft) Aqcgontwìn bbn|fqæ f Ef}ôit~t d`k}~ntw`t abfig`t s kngc`)

Lcifbkniwn" d`kniwfq v~n L~ec i` t~}ìn ~i wntw gnkftcfg` nxconiwn }fqf b`t k`w`qnt"f~iv~n të nt dcnqw` v~n nb wqfk` gn bf qndwf }qcidc}fb hfqæ v~n b`t k`w`qnt ocqni f w`}n tciciwnqq~}dcôi g~qfiwn 6? ciwnqkcifabnt tno~ig`t) F }fqwn gn ntwn wqfk`" nb qntw` tôb` }ìgqæ

f }q~naf nb d`k}`qwfkcniw` gn b`t }q`}~bt`qnt f afe`t qnoëknint)

Bf ntwqfwnocf i`qkfb tnqæ cq f g`t }fqfgft" s w`g` b` v~n tnf dònq qnlnqnidcft gnb fö`}ftfg` i` tnq|cqæ gn k~dh`" }~nt qnd`qgnk`t v~n bf dfqqnqf tn gct}~wô afe` ~i ck}`qwfiwnfo~fdnq`)



Nb dcqd~cw` gn Kfois+D`~qt tn qnt~kn ni }`dft }fbfaqft5 wqnt d~q|ft gn fbwf |nb`dcgfg" ~ifh`qv~cbbf k~s bniwf ni Fgnbfcgf" g`t a~nift dhcdfint qæ}cgft" s kæt gntic|nbnt gn b`t v~n niqnfbcgfg tn f}qndcfi }`q wnbn|ctcôi) ]`dft }fbfaqft }nq` v~n tcoiclcdfi w`g` ~i gntflë` b`tcionicnq`t nidfqofg`t gn }qn}fqfq f b`t kì`}bfuft s nidìwqfq t~ }nqlndw` nv~cbcaqc`)Ciwniwfqnk`t nx}bcdfq dôk` tn dìlco~qf nb kì`}bfuf }fqf nb dcqd~cw` lqfidãt)

Fnq`gciækcdf

Kfois+D`~qt nxcon ~i ic|nb gn dfqof fnq`gciækcdf k~s t~}nqc`q fb v~n tn ~wcbcuô ni Dfifgæ)Fh`qf tn qnv~cnqn ~if dfqof fnq`gciækcdf kngcf +fbwf" ni t~twcw~dcôi gn bf afef+kngcf gnDfifgæ" }fqf ftno~qfq v~n nb d`dhn tnf d`k}nwcwc|` ni bft d~q|ft gn fbwf |nb`dcgfg" d`k` bfd~q|f 4" s wfkacãi ni bft dhcdfint </? s 66/61) ]`gqëfk`t }nitfq v~n gntdfqofig` nb fbf gnbd`dhn wnigqnk`t kæt |nb`dcgfg ni bf qndwf s }`gqnk`t fgnbfiwfq ni bf h`qv~cbbf gn Fgnbfcgf}nq` fb ntwfq }qndngcgf bf qndwf }`q bf d~q|f 4" v~n nt gn fbwf |nb`d cgfg" i` nt ~if `}dcôi

gnkftcfg` nlcdfu }`qv~n }nqgnqëfk`t |nb`dcgfg ni nb }ft` }`q d~q|f s }`q wfiw` i`wnigqëfk`t |nb`dcgfg t~lcdcniwn ni bf qndwf

T~t}nitcôi

Nb wqfufg` lqfidãt nt lfk`t` }`q dìwfq dì ~i` gn b`t ftlfbw`t kæt bct`t gnb dfbnigfqc`" b`v~n }nqkcwn f b`t nv~c}`t afefq bf fbw~qf gn b`t kì`}bfuft s nig~qndnq b`t qnobfent gn bft~t}nitcôi }fqf kne`qfq nb qnigckcniw` fnq`gciækcd`) Ntwn nig~qndckcniw` kne`qf bf



qnt}~ntwf gnb d`dhn ni b`t dfkac`t gn gcqnddcôi f fbwf |nb`dcgfg v~n tn gfi ni bft g` tqæ}cgft dhcdfint }nq` }nqgnk`t fofqqn ni bft d~q|ft k~s bniwft f bft v~n bnt lf|`qndn ~i`tqnobfent kæt t~f|nt) Fv~ë nt gìgn qntcgn bf kfocf v~n hfdn ~i cionicnq` fb nidìwqfq nbnv~cbcaqc` }nqlndw`)

I n~kæwcd`t

Kfois+D`~qt nt ~i dcqd~cw` nt}ndcfbkniwn tnitcabn f b`t dfkac`t gn wnk}nqfw~qf" s fbo` v~n}~ngn }fqndnq wfi citcoiclcdfiwn d`k` ~i`t d~fiw`t kci~w`t dì nb dcnb` i~abfg`" }~ngn

wninq ~i ck}fdw` k~s ck}`qwfiwnni bf wnk}nqfw~qf gn bf }ctwf s}`q wfiw` wfkacãi ni t~t ic|nbntgn fghnqnidcf) Aqcgontwìn}ìgqæ f gct}`tcdcôi gn b`tnv~c}`t }fqf ntwf dfqqnqf b`td`k}~ntw`t abfig`t s kngc` gnt~ ofkf gn ntwn fö`) Ni l~idcôignb gntoftwn v~n dfgf kì`}bfufgf f t~t gn in~kæwcd`t" |fqcfqæibft ntwqfwnocft gn nbnddcôi gno`kft)

W qfitkctcôi

Bft qnbfdcìnt gn kfqdhft t~nbni tnq k~s d`qwft ni Kfois +D`~qt }fqf ftë `}wckcufq nbqnigckcniw` gnb d`dhn ni bf tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft bniwft) Tn }qntwfqæ ~if fwnidcôi nt}ndcfb fbqnigckcniw` gntgn b`t = f b`t 1>=jk/h" sf v~n nt` bn ftno~qfqæ ~i a~ni ic|nb gnd`k}nwcwc|cgfg ni bft uìft kæt bniwft gnb wqfufg`" v~n f lci gn d~niwft tì bft v~ngnwnqkcifi wfkacãi bf |nb`dcgfg }~iwf ni bft qndwft)

K`w`q

Nb k`w`q gn b`t kì`}bfuft i` t~lqn nxdntc|fkniwn ni ntwn dcqd~cw`) Nb \8 d`k}bnwfqæ ~i<4. gn bf |~nbwf f kæxck` qãockni" b` v~n ntwæ bconqfkniwn }`q nidckf gn bf kngcf gn bfwnk}`qfgf) î k`w`q dì fdnbnqfdcìnt t~f|nt" nt gndcq" ~i k`w`q }qòqntc|`" nt dbf|n nintwn dcqd~cw`" sf v~n ftno~qf ~if a~nif tfbcgf gn bft d~q|ft bniwft s ~i nv~cbcaqc` gnb dhftct}fqf bft dhcdfint s bf d~q|f 4)

I~knq` gn |~nbwft5 ?= D~q|ft f cuv~cnqgf5 6= D~q|ft f gnqndhf5 8



]CB@W@T GNT WFDFG@T GN BF L6



Fsqwì Tniif gf Tcb|f l~n ~i gntwfdfg` }cb`w` aqftcbnö` gn Lôqk~bf 6" L~n ~i` gn b`t }cb`w`tgn Lôqk~bf 6 kæt nxcw`t`t" ofifig` nb Dfk}nìfw` K~igcfb gn ]cb`w`t gn Lôqk~bf 6 ni wqnt`dftc̀ int 6388" 633= s 6336 dì bf ntd~gnqëf Kdbfqni+Hìgf) Bòqô wfkacãi g`t

t~adfk}nìfw`t" ni 6383 s ni 6334" b`t g`t }`q gnwqæt gn t~ oqfi qc|fb" nb lqfidãt Fbfci]q`tw) Ni bf fdw~fbcgfg" nt dìtcgnqfg` ~i` gn b`t f~w`k`|cbctwft kæt hfacbcg`t`t"ciwnbconiwnt s dfqctkæwcd`t v~n ntwn gn}`qwn hf }`gcg` |nq) G~qfiwn t~ |cgf f~w`k`|cbëtwcdfntw~|` ni b`t nv~c}`t5 W`bnkfi" B`w~t" Kdbfqni s Lnqqfqc

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

6<6

Dfk}nìfw`tk~igcfbnt

4 (6388" 633= s 6336#

\cdw`qcft 76

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]`bnt <>

\~nbwft qæ}cgft 63

]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gnAqftcb gn6387



Kcdhfnb Tdh~kfdhnq nt ~i }cb`w` gn dfqqnqft fbnkæi s nb kæt bf~qnfg` gn bf hctw`qcf) Wcnin ?wëw~b`t k~igcfbnt dì bft ntd~gnqëft Aninwwì L`qk~bf (1# s Td~gnqcf Lnqqfqc (>#) Wqft t~qnwcqfgf gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 ni 1==<" ni 1=6= qnoqntf f bf d`k}nwcdcôi f bft ôqgnint gn Q`ttAqfi ni bf ntd~gnqëf Knqdngnt O]) Hf ntwfg` ni wqnt nv~c}`t gctwciw`t5 Aninwwì" Lnqqfqc sKnqdngnt)

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

18= (hftwf nb O] gn H~ioqëf 1=66#

Dfk}nìfw`tk~igcfbnt ?(6337" 633>" 1===" 1==6"1==1" 1==4 s 1==7#

\cdw`qcft 36

]`gc`t 6>7

]`bnt <8

\~nbwftqæ}cgft ?<

]qcknqfdfqqnqf

Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Aãbocdf gn6336



E~fi Kfi~nb Lfioc` l~n ~i }cb`w` gn Lôqk~bf 6) Hf tcg` dfk}nôi ni dcid` `}`qw~icgfgnt"

cidb~snig` bft d~fwq` tno~cgft gn 63>7+63>?) Nt nb õicd` }cb`w` gn bf hctw`qcf gn bf L6 v~n l~ndfk}nôi dì 7 kfqdft gctwciwft Fblf Q`kn`" Kftnqfwc" Lnqqfqc s Knqdngnt Aniu) Ofiô 17dfqqnqft) Dìtco~cô 41 }`gc̀ t f b ` bfqo` gn t~ dfqqnqf gn}`qwc|f s gna~w` ni nb Oqfi ]qnk c`gnb Qnci` îcg` gn 63>=)

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Nv~c}`t Fblf Q`kn`"

Kftnqfwc" Knqdngnt Aniu sLnqqfqc

Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

>6 (Lôqk~bf 6#


>

\cdw`qcft 17 (Lôqk~bf 6#

]`bnt 13

\~nbwft qæ}cgft 14



Fbfci ]q`tw" nt ~i` gn b`t d`qqng`qnt gn Lôqk~bf 6 kæt nxcw`t`t gn w`g`t b`t wcnk}`t)Kcniwqft tn kfiw~|` ni fdwc|` ni bf dfwno`qëf" ni nb }nqë`g` v~n |f gn 638= f 6334" àw~|`

>6 |cdw`qcft s 7 dfk}nìfw`t k~igcfbnt" s nt fgnkæt qndì`dcg` }`q t~ f}`g` · nb Kfntwq`¾ `·nb ]q`lnt`q¾" gnacg` f t~ oqfi dfqqnqf ni bft }ctwft) G~qfiwn t~ dfqqnqf" dìtco~cô >6|cdw`qcft

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Nv~c}`t Qnif~bw" KdBfqni" Lnqqfqc"_cbbcfkt

Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

1=1


7 (638>" 638<" 6383 s6334#

]`gc`t 6=<

]`bnt 44

\~nbwft qæ}cgft 76

]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fqoniwcifgn 638=



Icjc Bf~gf nt ~i }cb`w` f~twqcfd` gn Lôqk~bf 6) L~n dfk}nôi gnb k~ig` ni 63?>" 63?? s 6387)T~ }qcknqf |cdw`qcf l~n ni nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Nt}föf gn 63?7" s bf õbwckf ni nb Oqfi ]qnkc`gn H`bfigf gn 638>" fö` gn t~ qnwcqfgf) Ni 63?< t~lqcô ~i tn|nq` fddcgniwn ni nb Oqfi

]qnkc` gn Fbnkficf v~n bn }q`g~e` tn|nqft v~nkfg~qft v~n bn gnefq`i kfqdft gn }`q |cgf

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Nv~c}`t KfqdhAQKLnqqfqcAqfahfk

KdBfqni

Dfqqnqft d`kniufgft 6?=

Dfk}n`ifw`t k~igcfbnt 4

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\~nbwft qæ}cgft 17



Inbtì ]cv~nw nt ~i nx }cb`w` gn dfqqnqft ifdcg` ni Aqftcb v~n àw~|` b`t dfk}nìfw`tgn Lôqk~bf 6 gn 6386" 6384 s 638?) Ni 63?8 gna~wô ni Lôqk~bf 6 s fafigìô gcdhf dfwno`qëfni 6331 }fqf d`k}nwcq ni bf Lôqk~bf Cigs)

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Dfqqnqft d`kniufgft 1=?

Nv~c}`t KdBfqni" Nitcoi" Aqfahfk"_cbbcfkt" B`w~t" Aninwwì


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]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Fbnkficf gn 63?8



Efdjcn Twnfqw nt ~i fiwco~` }cb`w` gn Lôqk~bf 6 aqcwæicd`" dfk}nôi gnb k~ig` ni 63<3"63?6 s 63?4) D`k}cwcô niwqn b`t fö`t 63>< hftwf 63?4 s dìtco~cô 1? |cdw`qcft ni t~}fbkfqãt) Efdjcn d`kniuô dì b`t f~w`kô|cbnt gnacg` f v~n ni bf ntd~nbf bn caf k~s kfb}`qv~n wniëf gctbnxcf" }nq` ni ntn niwìdnt i` tn bf gcfoi`twcdfqì ) Dìtco~cô 1? |cdw`qcft s

71 }`gc`t)

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

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Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

33


4 (63<3" 63?6" 63?4#

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]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gn T~gælqcdfgn 63<>



Eck Dbfqj l~n ~i f~w`k`|cbctwf aqcwæicd`) F}`gfg` !nb ntd`dãt |`bfg`q!" l~n ~i` gn b`t kætoqfignt }cb`w`t gnb k~ig`) Ofiô g`t dfk}nìfw`t ni Lôqk~bf 6 (63<4 s 63<># s g`t dfqqnqftni bf tnqcn Cigs ni b`t kctk`t fö`t) T~ }nqcdcf" qnd~qt`t s tniwcg` f~w`k`|cbëtwcd`nidìwqfqì ~i a~ni d`k}fönq` gn |cfen ni bf dfqq`dnqëf B`w~t" dqnfgf }`q D`bbci Dhf}kfi"

dì bf v~n fbdfiuô t~t wqc~il`t) Tnoõi fbo~i`t nx}nqw`t" tc Eck Dbfqj h~acnqf }nqwnindcg` f`wqft ntd~gnqëft" h~acnqf t~kfg` kæt dfk}nìfw`t gnb k~ig` f t~ lf|`q) Ni t~t fö`t d`k`}cb`w` gn L`qk~bf 6" dìtco~cô 1> |cdw`qcft s 41 }`gc`t)

]fbkfqãt oninqfb

Nv~c}` B`w~t

Dfqqnqft d`kniufgft ?4


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\~nbwft qæ}cgft 18

]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gn H`bfigf gn 63<=



Lnqifig` Fb`it` nt ~i }cb`w` nt}fö`b gn L`qk~bf 6 v~n }nqwnindn fdw~fbkniwn f bf Td~gnqcfLnqqfqc) Hf tcg` dfk}nôi gn L`qk~bf 6 ni 1==> s 1==< s t~adfk}nôi ni 1=6=) Nt ~i` gn b`tkne`qnt }cb`w`t gn bf hctw`qcf s gntwfdf }`q t~ kniwfbcgfg s t~ }cb`wfen wfi qno~bfq) Hftwf

fh`qf ni bf l6" hf ntwfg` ni b`t nv~c}`t5 Kcifqgc" Qnif~bw" Kdbfqni s Lnqqfqc

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k~igcfbnt

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]qcknqf dfqqnqf Oqfi ]qnkc` gn F~twqfbcfgn 1==6



Nknqtì Lcwwc}fbgc nt ~i nx }cb`w` gn f~w`kô|cbnt aqftcbnö`" dfk}nôi k~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6)Dì`dcg` dì nb tàqni`kaqn gn Nkk`" Lcwwc}fbgc nk}nuô f d`k}nwcq ni N~q`}f ni 63<3 ni bflôqk~bf L`qg" }nq` fb tco~cniwn fö` sf nk}nuô f }cb`wfq ni Lôqk~bf 6 dì B`w~t) Dìtco~cô 67|cdw`qcft ni t~t 66 wnk}`qfgft d`k` }cb`w` gn l6)

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Efdj Aqfahfk" ifdcg` nb 1 gn faqcb gn 631<" nt ~i }cb`w` gn dfqqnqft f~twqfbcfi` v~n l~ndfk}nôi gn Lôqk~bf ^i` ni 63>3" 63<= s 63<<)

Aqfahfk nt ~i f~twqfbcfi` gn tno~igf oninqfdcôi" hce` gn ~i fbkfdninq` gnb t~a~qac` gnH~qtw|cbbn" Tëgins) Gneô bf ntd~nbf f bf ngfg gn 6> }fqf wqfafefq ni ~i ofqfen) Wcnin ni t~}fbkfqãt nb iõknq` gn 67 |cdw`qcft

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Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft 618


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61

]qcknqfdfqqnqf

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Iconb Kfitnbb nt ~i nx }cb`w` gn dfqqnqft" dfk}nôi ni bf wnk}`qfgf 6331 gn Lôqk~bf 6 s gnbf DFQW CigsDfq Tnqcnt ni 6334) F }ntfq gn ofifq ~i õicd` dfk}nìfw` gnb k~ig`" d~niwf

ni t~ }fbkfqãt dì 4 t~adfk}nìfw`t) Wqfafeô d`k` cionicnq` fnq`nt}fdcfb ni B~dftNiocinnqcio fiwnt gn fafigìfq t~ }q`lntcôi }`q bft dfqqnqft gn f~w`t)

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Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

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Nb lcibfigãt Kcjjf Hfjjcini tn }q`dbfkô dfk}nôi gnb k~ig` gn Lôqk~bf 6 ni b`t fö`t 6338 s6333 f b`t kfig`t gn ~i kì`}bfuf gn KdBfqni +Knqdngnt dì nb v~n ofiô 64 dfqqnqft niwqnb`t g`t fö`t)

Tci nkafqo`" bf wqfsndw`qcf wqc~ilfb gnb lcibfigãt |`bfg`q d`kniuô |fqc`t fö`t fiwnt"d~fig` ni 633? bòqô t~acq f b` kæt fbw` gnb }`gc`" }`q }qcknqf |nu" ni nb Dcqd~cw` gn Enqnu"bf }qcknqf gn bft 1= |cdw`qcft v~n dìtco~cô f b` bfqo` gn t~ dfqqnqf

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Dfqqnqftd`kniufgft

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1

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1<

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Oqfhfk Hcbb l~n ~i }cb`w` ciobãt" g`t |ndnt dfk}nôi k~igcfb gn Lôqk~bf 6 (63<1 s 63<8#)Gna~wô ni bf L6 f b`t 13 fö`t" ngfg f bf v~n h`s ni gëf b`t }cb`w`t sf }cnitfi ni nb qnwcq`)D`qqcô }`q B`w~t (63>8+63>3 s 63<<+63?=#: AQK (63<=+63<<#: Aqfahfk (63?6+63?1#"Thfg` s B`bf (63?4+63?>#) Hcbb nt fgnkæt nb õicd` }`tnng`q gn bf wqc}bn d`q`if5 Oqfi ]qnkc`

gn Kôifd` (63<4" 63<7"63<>" 63<8 s 63<3#" >== kcbbft gn Cigcfiæ}`bct (63<<# s 17 H`qft gnBn Kfit (63?1#) F b` bfqo` gn t~ dfqqnqf d`itco~cô 64 |cdw`qcft)

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gn bft kæt }nbcoq`tft ã}`dft gn ntwn gn}`qwn) Lfbbndcô ni ~i lfwfb fddcgniwn" nidcqd~itwfidcft tckcbfqnt f bft gn t~ }fgqn) D`itco~cô 64 |cdw`qcft ni t~t < wnk}`qfgft d`k`}cb`w`

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Gfkì Hcbb nt nb õicd` hce` gn dfk}nôi v~n hf dìtno~cg` nb wëw~b` k~igcfb) B` bòqô ni 633<dì _cbbcfkt Qnif~bw" ntd~gnqëf dì bf v~n }~g` dìv~ctwfq fboõi wëw~b` kæt tc i` tn h~acnqfw`}fg` dì ~i e`|ni }q`gcoc` bbfkfg` Kcdhfnb Tdh~kfdhnq) ]fqf bf Hctw`qcf v~ngfi b`t g~nb`t

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Twcqbcio K`tt l~n ~i }cb`w` aqcwæicd` gn l6 v~n f }ntfq gn i` dìtno~cq i~idf ofifq ~iDfk}nìfw` gnb k~ig` gn Lôqk~bf 6" tn dì|cqwcô ni ~i` gn nt`t dìtcgnqfg`t dfk}nìnt tcid`qìf fdfafig` d`k` t~adfk}nôi gnb k~ig` gn Lôqk~bf 6 ni d~fwq` `dftcìnt dìtnd~wc|ft )

Ni nb fö` 1==<" f bf ngfg gn ?? fö`t" bf Lngnqfdcôi Ciwnqifdcìfb gnb F~w`kô|cb bn dìdngcô fK`tt bf kngfbbf gn `q` gn bf `qoficufdcôi" fb dìtcgnqfqbn d`k` nb kne`q }cb`w` gn bf hctw`qcfgn ntwf dfwno`qëf v~n i~idf ofiô ~i dfk}nìfw`) Dìtco~cô ni bf l6 6< |cdw`qcft

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Ocbbnt \cbbnin~|n l~n ~i }cb`w` dfifgcnitn gn Lôqk~bf 6 v~n ni fv~nbbf kctkf ã}ôdf" d`qqëfwfkacãi t~ hnqkfi`" Efdv~nt \cbbnin~|n Tnic`q) K~qcô ni nb fö` 6381 ni nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gnAnbocdf gnacg` f ~i dh`v~n wqftnq` dì nb }cb`w` Kftt) Dìtco~cô < |cdw`qcft ni w`gf t~

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Td~gnqcf Lnqqfqc" nt nb i`kaqn dì nb v~n tn dì`dn bf gc|ctcôi gn f~w`kô|cbnt Lnqqfqcnidfqofgf gn bft d`k}nwnidcft gn Lôqk~bf 6) Lnqqfqc D`qtn Dbcniwc tn nidfqof gntgn hfdn}`d` gn dftc w`gft bft `wqft fdwc|cgfgnt gn}`qwc|ft gn bf d`k}föëf s bf fwnidcôi f ntd~gn qëftgn }fqwcd~bfqnt)

Bf }qcknqf }fqwcdc}fdcôi gn Lnqqfqc ni bf Lôqk~bf 6 l~n ni nb Oqfi ]qnkc` gn Kôifd` gn

63>=" dì nb Wc}` 61> L6" gn kfinqf v~n tì nb nv~c}` kæt fiwco~` gnb dfk}nìfw`" ftë d`k`nb v~n kæt |cdw`qcft s dfk}nìfw`t hf dìtno~cg`) B`t }c b`w`t fdw~fbnt tì Lnqifig` Fbìt` s Lnbc}n Kfttf" s b`t }cb`w`t gn }q~naft tì Kfqd Oniã s Ocfidfqb` Lctcdhnbbf" f b`t v~n tn~icô nb e`|ni E~bnt Acfidhc ni i`|cnkaqn gn 1=6=) Nb gcqndw`q gnb nv~c}` nt Twnlfi`G`knicdfbc)

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KdBfqni" l~igfg` ni 63<4 }`q Aq~dn KdBfqni (634? +63?=#" nt ~if ntd~gnqëf dì tngn ni_`jcio" T~qqns" Qnci` îcg`" v~n nt tàqn w`g` dì`dcg` d`k` nv~c}` gn Lôqk~bf 6" }nq` v~nhf d`k}nwcg` wfkacãi ni bft >== kcbbft gn Cigcfiæ}`bct" bft 17 h`qft gn Bn Kfit s bf tnqcnDfifgæ+Fknqcdfi Dhfbbnion D~}) T~ i`kaqn d`k}bnw` nt fdw~fbkniwn \`gflìn KdBfqn iKnqdngnt" }`q nb }fwq`dcic` gn ntwf nk}qntf gn d`k~icdfdcìnt) Nb nv~c}` nt gcqcocg` }`qKfqwci _hcwkfqth s tn nid~niwqf ntwq~dw~qfg` nk}qntfqcfbkniwn d`k` KdBfqni Qfdcio)

KdBfqni nt ~i` gn b`t nv~c}`t kæt nxcw`t`t gn bf Lôqk~bf 6" tcnig` bf wnqdnqf ntd~ gnqëf niiõknq` gn Dfk}nìfw`t gn Dìtwq~dw`qnt (8#" }`q gnwqæt gn bf wfkacãi aqcwæicdf _cbbcfktL6 s Lnqqfqc)

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FW,W _cbbcfkt L6" dì`dcg` wqfgcdcìfbkniwn d`k` _cbbcfkt Oqfig ]qcx Niocinnqcio" ntdìtcgnqfg` ~i` gn bft wqnt oqfignt ntd~gnqëft gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 e~iw` dì Lnqqfqc s KdBfqni)L~igfgf ni 63?> }`q Lqfij _cbbcfkt s ]fwqcdj Hnfg" bf d`k}föëf hf àwnicg` 6< wëw~ b`t LCFL`qk~bf @in _`qbg Dhfk}cìthc})

I~n|n wëw~b`t d`k` Dfk}nôi gn Dìtwq~dw`qnt" ni ft`dcfdcôi dì D`t`qwh" Hìgf s Qnif~bw)B`t `wq`t tcnwn wëw~b`t ni nb dfk}nìfw` gn }cb`w`t" hfi ofifg` dì Fbfi Eìnt" JnjnQ`tanqo" Inbtì ]cv~nw" Iconb Kfitnbb" Fbfci ]q`tw" Gfkì Hcbb s Efdv~nt \cbbnin~|n)


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Aninwwì L`qk~bf Bwg)" d`kõikniwn bbfkfgf Aninwwì" l~n ~if ntd~gnqëf v~n }fqwcdc }ô niLôqk~bf 6 niwqn b`t fö`t 638< s 1==6) Nb nv~c}` }nqwnindëf f bf lfkcbcf Aninwwì" wfkacãig~nöf gn ~if dfgnif k~igcfb gn wcnigft gn q`}f gnb kctk` i`kaqn)

Nb nv~c}` Aninwwì tn dìtwcw~sô f }fqwcq gn b` v~n v~ngfaf gn bf ntd~gnqëf W`bnkfi" ni bfd~fb Fsqwì Tniif hfaëf d`k}nwcg` dì qnt~bwfg`t cidqnëabnt }fqf nb ic|nb gn bf ntd~gnqëf ni6387" }nq` v~n i` }~g` }qntniwfqtn ni bf wnk}`qfgf gn 638> }`q i` wninq ~i dìwqfw` dì~i lfaqcdfiwn gn in~kæwcd`t)

Bf ntd~gnqëf ntw~|` afe` bf gcqnddcôi gn Lbf|c` Aqcfw`qn hftwf 633?" }nq` fbdfiuô t~k`kniw` gn kæxck` nt}bnig`q d~fig` dìwô dì nb kne`q }cb`w` Kcdhfnb Tdh~kfdhnq ni t~tlcbft s ~i d`dhn v~n n|`b~dcì` }nqlndwfkniwn ni t~t kfi`t)


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Aqfahfk Qfdcio @qofictfwcì" kæt dì`dcg` tnidcbbfkniwn d`k` Aqfahfk" l~n ~i lfaqcdfiwnaqcwæicd` gn d`dhnt gn dfqqnqf s nv~c}` gn Lôqk~bf 6) L`qkfbkniwn nqf }fqwn gn bf K`w`qQfdcio Gn|nb`}kniwt Bwg) L~igfg` ni 63<= }`q g`t f~twqfbcfi`t" nb }cb`w` Efdj Aqfahfk s nbgctnöfg`q Qì Wf~qfifd" nb nv~c}` ofiô d~fwq` dfk}nìfw`t k~igcfbnt gn }cb`w`t s g`t gn

dìtwq~dw`qnt ni t~t wqnciwf fö`t gn hctw`qcf ni bf Lôqk~bf 6) Hftwf nb 1=6=" nb dfk}nìfw`gn }cb`w`t v~n àw~|` Efdj Aqfahfk ni 63<< tco~n tcnig` bf õicdf |cdw`qcf }fqf ~i d`dhn v~nbbn|f nb i`kaqn gn t~ }cb`w` )

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Fblf Q`kn` Qfdcio Lôqk~bf 6 nt ~i nv~c}` cwfbcfi` gn Lôqk~bf 6 }nqwnindcniwn f Fblf Q`kn`"v~n }fqwcdc}ô gnb dfk}nìfw` ni bft wnk}`qfgft 63>= s 63>6" s b~no` niwqn 63?3 s 638>) T~tãxcw`t tn gcnqì }qcidc}fbkniwn fiwnt gnb ntwfabndckcniw` gnb Dfk}nìfw` gnb K~ig` s nib`t g`t }qcknq`t fö`t gn ãtwn" i` dìtco~cnig` ni t~ |~nbwf qn|nqgndnq b`t bf~qnbnt)

Sf ni b`t fö`t 631=" fbo~i`t Fblf d`k}nwëfi ni b`t dcqd~cw`t n~q`}n`t s acni }qìw` tn

dìtwcw~sô ~i nv~c}` `lcdcfb gn bf kfqdf gcqcocg` }`q nb }q`}c` Q`kn`" ni nb v~n d `qqcnqìoqfignt }cb`w`t gn bf ã}`df d`k` Oc~tn}}n Dfk}fqc" ô` Tc|`ddc" Fiwìc` Ftdfqc" Niu`Lnqqfqc" Oftwìn Aqcbbc+]nqc ` B`~ct _foinq)

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Wnfk B`w~t l~n nb nv~c}` gn d`k}nwcdcôi s bf d`k}föcf hnqkfif gnb lfaqcdfiwn ciobãt gn|nhëd~b`t gn}`qwc|`t B`w~t Dfqt) Nb nv~c}` d`qqëf ni k~dhft dfwno`qëft" wfbnt d`k` bfLôqk~bf 6" Lôqk~bf 1" Lôqk~bf L`qg" Lôqk~bf E~ic`q ` bft CigsDfq Tn qcnt) F v~cidn fö`t gnt~ õbwckf d`k}nwnidcf" nb nv~c}` B`w~t nt w`gf|ëf ~i` gn b`t nv~c}`t gn d`k}nwcdcôi gn

f~w`kô|cbnt kæt nxcw`t`t gn w`g`t b`t wcnk}`t" hfacnig` ofifg` tcnwn dfk}nìfw`t gndìtwq~dw`qnt ni bf Lôqk~bf 6" tnct dfk}nìfw`t gn }cb`w`t" s bft >== kcbbft gn Cigcfiæ}`bctni b`t Ntwfg`t îcg`t ni 63<1 s 63?8)

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Qnif~bw L6 Wnfk nt ~if ntd~gnqëf aqcwæicdf gn Lôqk~bf 6 dì`dcgf d`knq dcfbkniwn d`k`B`w~t Qnif~bw O]) D`k}cwcô ni bf dfwno`qëf d`k` Nv~c}n Qnif~bw Nbl s dì bcdnidcf lqfidntfgntgn lcifbnt gn b`t fö`t 63?= hftwf 638>" s qnoqntô dì nb i`kaqn gn Qnif~bw L6 Wnfk f}fqwcq gn 1==1" fgv~cqcnig` nb nv~c}` Aninwwì" v~n f t~ |nu d` k}qô nb nv~c}` W`bnkfi ni638<)

Qnif~bw |nigcô nb ?>. gnb nv~c}` f Onicc Df}cwfb f lcifbnt gn 1==3 qni`kaqfig` bf ntd~gnqëfd`k` B`w~t Qnif~bw O] s fi~idcfig` bf dqnfdcôi gn Qnif~bw T}`qw L6 }fqf nb t ~kcictwq` gnk`w`qnt s wndi`bòëf f }fqwcq gn 1=66" nb d~fb tco~n dìwq`bfig` nb 1>. gn bf ntd~gnqëf)

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Wsqqnbb Qfdcio l~n ~i nv~c}` gn dfqqnqft v~n }fqwcdc}ô ni nb dfk}nìfw` gn dìtwq~dw`qnt gnbf Lôqk~bf 6) T~ l~igfg`q l~n Jni Wsqqnbb) Tn cicdcô ni bf dfwno`qëf gn Lôqk~bf 4 s Lôqk~bfE~ic`q) Ni t~t nv~c}`t gna~wfqì d`qqng`qnt d`k` E`hi T~qwnnt s Efdjs Cdjx) Ni 63<8"l`qefi ~if fbcfiuf dì nb dìtwq~dw`q L`qg s fb fö` tco~cniwn Efdjcn Twnfqw ofif nbDfk}nìfw` gn Lôqk~bf 6 dì |nhëd~b`t Kfwqf +L`qg (k`w`qnt gn D`t`qwh#)

Nb d`dhn kæt lfk`t` s }nd~bcfq gn bf hctw`qcf gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 l~n nb Wsqqnbb ]47" dì <q~ngft" nb õicd` d`dhn dì tnct q~ngft v~n hf d`k}nwcg` ni Lôqk~bf 6)



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Bf D``}nq Dfq D`k}fis l~n l~igfgf ni 637? }`q Dhfqbnt D``}nq s t~ hce` E`hi D``}nq)E~iw`t" d`kniufqì dìtwq~snig` f~w`t ni nb }nv~nö` ofqfen gn Dhfqbnt ni T~qacwì"T~qqns" Ciobfwnqqf ni 637?) ]fqf lcifbnt gn b`t >=t s }qcidc}c`t gn b`t <=t" fbdfiufqì b`tkæt fbw`t ic|nbnt gn bft dfqqnqft f~w`k`|cbëtwcdft" kcniwqft t~t dfqq`t gn k`w`q wqftnq` s ~it`b` ftcniw` dfkacfafi bf lfu gn bf Lôqk~bf 6 s nb Cigcfiæ}`bct >==" s t~t tngfint g`kcifafib`t qfbbcnt) Oqfdcft ni }fqwn fb bnofg` gn b`t D``}nq" nb Qnci` îcg` tco~n tcnig` hòfq gn ~if

cig~twqcf f~w`k`|cbëtwcdf d`k}nwcwc|f nxcw`tf" s nb i`kaqn gn D``}nq |c|n ni nb Kcic fdw~fb"dìtwq~cg` ni Ciobfwnqqf }`q AK_)



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Bf læaqcdf }qcidc}fb gn AQK ntwfaf ni T}fbgcio Q`fg" A`~qin" Bcid`bithcqn" gnwqæt gn bf dftfNftwofwn" hòfq gn t~ bëgnq" Qfskìg Kfst)

Nb gntfqq`bb` kæt i`wfabn gn AQK l~n nb k`w`q gn dfqqnqf 64>µ \6< 6"> bcwq`t" v~n nqf k~s}`wniwn ni bf ã}`df }fqf t~ dcbcigqfgf)



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