FX radius Obert

7/26/2019 FX radius Obert

1/11

@rtcibf krcdch`b

@spfits `h`tklcqufs ft ockli`hcqufs gfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b gfb`gubtf : rfvuf gf b` bcttr`turf

@h`tkly `hg ocklfie`hcis kn gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs: @ bctfr`turf rfvcfw

B. Kofrt `,*,o, J. Verchd `,o, Q.O. _fy `,o,Y. _kieft `,o,G. Bfp`df `,o, D. Bfibfri `,o,@. Yfrrf `,o, Q. D`rouck `,o

` Yfrvcif gkrtekpgcf, gf trùl`tkbkdcf, gf iecrurdcf pb`stcquf, rfikhstruitrcif ft `sscst hif l`ch,

IEV Jf`h Lchjkz, okubfv`rg Nbflchd, uhcvfrsct gf Nr`hief-Iklt ?6191 Ofs`hkh, Nr`hifo F@ 7?>5 chhkv`tckh, cl`dfrcf, chdhcfrcf, ft chtfrvfhtckh fh s`ht C7Y , chsfrl CN_ 099,

uhcvfrsct gf Nr`hief Iklt, ?6111 Ofs`hkh, Nr`hif

_fu bf 09 hkvflorf ?100 = rfu skus b` nkrlf rvcsf bf 06 `kt ?10? = ìifpt bf ?0 `kt ?10?

_sul

Bfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b skht bfs nrìturfs bfs pbus nrqufhtfs iefz b`gubtf. Bkstkpkrksf `sskicf l`jkrf b` lkrocgct (rcsquf gfgpbìflfht sfikhg`crf), `chsc quf b` lkrt`bct (pbus bfvf iefz b` nfllf gf pbus gf >1 `hs). B` dr`vct gf b` nrìturf ft bfs rsubt`ts nkhitckhhfbsskht fh bcfh gcrfit `vfi b` gfhsct kssfusf. B`h`tklcf gu r`gcus gcst`b fst rfvcsctf gfpucs pfu `vfi uhf lfcbbfurf gfsircptckh gfs nìfs p`bl`crf ftgkrs`bf `ffhgf prvfhcr bfs iklpbci tckhs bcfs ùx gcnnrfhts clpb`hts. Gfs ibcies r`gckdr`pecqufs gf nìf gf prkffb ft gf trkcs qu rts pfrlfttfht gfgircrf b` nrìturf ft g`h`bysfr bf gpbìflfht. Vh si`hhfr fst hifss`crf fh i`s gf nrìturf rtciub`crf. B`ttfchtf gf b` lt`peysf (ikllchutckh),gf bpcpeysf (nr iturf `rtciub`crf) ft gf bubh` fst gcnnrfhtf g`hs ie`quf i`s l cs ie`quf i`s gf nr iturf fst uhf `sskic tckh gf ifs trkcs p`r ltrfs.B` ib`sscffi`tckh lt`peysf, pcpeysf, ubh` (LFV) girct ù lcfux b` nrìturf `vfi uhf rfprkguitcocbct chtr`- ft chtfr-kosfrv`tfur sunffs`htf pkurgfvfhcr uh kutcb utcbf pkur bf tr`ctflfht ft bf prkhkstci nkhitckhhfb. Bf systlf p`tcfht, ìicgfht, nrìturf (Q@N) pfrlft gf prkpksfr bf lfcbbfur

tr`ctflfht ie`quf p`tcfht. B` rguitckh `h`tklcquf ft uhf ffx`tckh stòbf pfrlfttfht gkotfhcr uh okh rsubt`t iefz gfs p`tcfhts eùtf gfl`hgfnkhitckhhfbbf.# ?10? Fbsfvcfr L`sskh Y@Y. Wkus grkcts rsfrvs.

Lkts ibs : Nrìturf gu r`gcus gcst b = @h`tklcf = Ib`sscffi`tckh = _fvuf

@ostrìt

Gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs rfl`ch tef lkst nrfqufht nrìturfs ch tef `gubt. @sskic`tfg kstfkpkrkscs chirf`sfs lkrocgcty rcsm (sfikhg`rygcspbìflfht cs tef lkst nrfqufht) `hg lkrt`bcty rcsm (ch wklfh kbgfr te`h >1). Yfvfrcty kn tef nrìturf `hg nuhitckh`b rfsubts `rf rfb`tfg tktef okhf lchfr`b gfhscty. @h`tkly e`s offh rfifhtby rfvcsctfg wcte ofttfr gfsircptckh kn p`bl`r `hg gkrs`b `spfits ch krgfr tk `vkcg l`tfrc`b-rfb`tfg iklpbci`tckhs. Yt`hg`rg pkstfrk-`htfrckr, b`tfr`b `hg kobcquf r`gckdr`pes kn tef wrcst sekw tef nrìturf `hg tef gcspbìflfht. IW si`h csw`rr`htfg cn ikhvfhtckh`b U-r`ys `rf chsunfficfht tk sekw tef `rtciub`r surnìf. Wef chvkbvflfht kn tef lft`peyscs (ikllchutckh), tef fpcpeyscs(`rtciub`r nrìturf) `hg tef ubh` cs gcnnfrfht ch fìe i`sf `hg fìe nrìturf cs `h `sskic`tckh kn tefsf terff iklpkhfhts. Wef LFV ib`sscffi`tckh

gfsircofs tef nr iturf wcte sunfficfht chtfr-kosfrvfr rfbcòcbcty `hg chtr`-kosfrvfr rfprkguicocbcty tk of ` usfnub tkkb nkr trf tlfht `hg prkdhkscs. WefQ@N systfl cs usfg tk prkpksf tef lkst `pprkprc`tf trf`tlfht nkr fìe p`tcfht. @h`tklci`b rfguitckh `hg stòbf ffx`tckh `rf `sskic`tfg wcte dkkgnuhitckh`b rfsubts out ch ecde gfl`hgchd p`tcfhts.# ?10? Fbsfvcfr L`sskh Y@Y. @bb rcdets rfsfrvfg.

Mfywkrgs: Gcst`b r`gcus nrìturf= @h`tkly= Ib`sscffi`tckh= _fvcfw

Gcspkhcobf fh bcdhf sur

www.sicfhifgcrfit.ikl

Iecrurdcf gf b` l`ch 90 (?10?) ?54?34

* @utfur ikrrfspkhg`ht.@grfssf f-l`cb : bkofrtAieu-ofs`hikh.nr (B. Kofrt).

0?34-9?19/$ sff nrkht l`ttfr # ?10? Fbsfvcfr L`sskh Y@Y. Wkus grkcts rsfrvs.

ettp://gx.gkc.krd/01.010>/j.l`ch.?10?.15.101
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/12973203http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010mailto:[email protected]://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010mailto:[email protected]://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.main.2012.08.010http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/12973203


2/11

0. Chtrkguitckh

Iefz b`gubtf, bfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b gflfurfht bfsbsckhs nrìtur`crfs bfs pbus nrqufhtfs `vfi bfs nrìturfs gunlur prkxcl`b (qufbbfs prigfht guhf gcz`chf g`hhfs fhlkyfhhf) ft bfs nrìturfs gfs lt i rpcfhs ]0\. @vfi bfsnrìturfs gu rìecs, bfs nrìturfs gu nlur prkxcl`b ft gu r`gcusgcst`b skht bfs trkcs sctfs bfs pbus `sskics bkstkpkrksf = bfsnrìturfs ùtrfs quf b` e`hief ft bf rìecs ikhstctu`ht 61 % gfstrùl`tcslfs o`ssf hfrdcf ]?\. @chsc fh ?111, >1 % gfsnrìturfs gf b`gubtf quf vky`ct bkrtekpgcstf t`cfht rfpr-sfhtfs p`r gfux nrìturfs gu lflorf tekrìcquf (r`gcus gcst`bft gkcdts) ft gfux nrìturfs gu lflorf pkrtfur (nlur prkxcl`bft iefvcbbf)]0\. Bfs ikts gcrfits ft chgcrfits gf ifs nrìturfsbcfs bkstkpkrksf skht bfvs ft hf pfuvfht quùdlfhtfr(9> lcbbckhs gfurks fh ?111 fh Furkpf, 04 lcbbc`rgs gf gkbb`rsfh ?116 ùx t`ts-Vhcs) ]9\. Yc iefz bekllf cb hy ` p`sgùdlfht tckh `pp`rfhtf gf bchicgfhif gfs nrìturfs gur`gcus gcst`b `vfi bdf (fhtrf ?1 ft 51 `hs), kh kosfrvf iefz b`

nfllf kiicgfht`bf uhf ùdlfht`tckh bch`crf fhtrf 71 ft >6 hs`vfi stòcbcs`tckh p`r b` suctf]7,6\. Iefz b` nfllf, ^`h Yt`` `lkhtr quf bchicgfhif gf ifs nrìturfs fh prckgf pr-lhkpùscquf fst gf gcx pkur 01 111 p`r `h pkur `ttfchgrf uhpci gf 0?1 pkur 011 111 `prs 56 `hs]6\. Ifttf nrìturf fst b`pbus bcf ù sfxf `vfi uh sfx-r`tck gf 7 pkur 0 fh n`vfur gfsnfllfs. Ycb fxcstf uhf v`rcòcbct dkdr`pecquf `vfi uh pciecvfrh`b, ?1 % gf ifs nrìturfs hifssctfrkht uhf ekspct bcs tckh]7\. Q`r `cbbfurs, sc bf rcsquf gf surlkrt`bct `prs uhf nrìturfgu nlur prkxcl`b fst ikhhu (91 % bfs scx prflcfrs lkcs ft?0 % g`hs bfs 05 lkcs sucv`hts), bfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`bskht fbbfs ùssc `sskicfs uh rcsquf gf surlkrt`bct lubtcpbc

p`r gfux iefz bfs nfllfs p`rtcr gf >1 `hs ft qufb quf skct bfsfxf `prs 46 `hs g`hs bfs ichq `hhfs ]?\. B` prvfhtckhspicffquf gf ifs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst b rfpksf surbùdlfht`tckh gf b` l`ssf kssfusf ft sur uhf i`lp`dhf gfprvfhtckh gfs ieutfs (sfhscocbcs`tckh uhf l`rief bfhtf) ]>\.Vhf gfhsct kssfusf o`ssf, uhf p`cssfur ikrtci`bf gclchuf ftuhf lcirk-`riectfiturf `hkrl`bf gflfurfht gfs nìtfurs gfrcsqufs bkiùx cgfhtcffs]4\. L`cs cb fxcstf ùssc uhf ikrrb`tckhfhtrf b` gfhsct kssfusf ft b` dr`vct gf b` nrìturf. B`prkoòcbct g`vkcr uh gpbìflfht sfikhg`crf ku/ft uh i`bvcicfux ùdlfhtf gf 01 % fh i`s gkstkphcf, ft gf ?1 % fhi`s gkstkpkrksf ]5\. Fh ?110, b h`bysf gf pbus gf006 111 nrìturfs prcpercqufs drif ù QLYC ` pfrlcs gf

ikhst`tfr quf 59 % gfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b t`cfht kprfs`vfi uh ikt uhct`crf v`rc`ht gf ?9>9 ?647 furks p`r nrìturf`vfi uhf gurf gekspct`bcs`tckh gf gfux jkurs (03>)]3\. B`nrqufhif gf b` prcsf fh ie`rdf iecrurdci`bf ikhtr`stf `vfi bfn`cobf pkurifht`df gf p`tcfhts rfifv`ht fh skrtcf gekspct`bcs`-tckh uh tr`ctflfht pkur bkstkpkrksf : 4 % sur uhf ikekrtf gf0?11 p`tcfhts]01\.

Yc ùjkurgeuc ifs nrìturfs rfprsfhtfht uh rfb prkoblf gfs`ht puobcquf, tkus bfs kpr`tfurs hkht p`s fu ìis ùxrifhtfs gkhhfs `h`tklcqufs ft li`hcqufs `ppbcqufs gur`gcus gcst b. Qfu gf tr`vùx ikhifrh`ht b`h`tklcf gfbpcpeysf r`gc`bf kht t puobcs ifs gcx gfrhcrfs `hhfs.

Ifpfhg`ht, b pp rctckh gf hkuvfùx clpb`hts, fxk- ku

fhgklgubb`crfs, ft guhf c`trkdhcf vctòbf, kht rfhguhifss`crf uhf v`bu`tckh hkuvfbbf ft pricsf gf b` rdckhlt`peysk-pcpeys`crf gu r`gcus gcst`b. Bf out gf if tr`v`cb fstgfnnfitufr uhf syhtesf gfs gkhhfs ìtufbbfs gf b` bcttr`turf =p`r `cbbfurs gv`bufr bchtrt gfs ib`sscffi`tckhs sc hklorfusfsft gtòbcr gfs v`bfurs hkrl`bfs rfstctufr.

?. @h`tklcf ft ockli`hcquf `ppbcqufs gu r`gcus

gcst`b

?.0. @h`tklcf `ppbcquf

Bfs tr`vùx rfvcsct`ht ifttf rdckh sylokbcquf l csffh`bflfht likhhuf rfstfht r`rfs, llf sc Efrzofrd ft `b.fh `v`cfht r`ppfb b`h`tklcf kssfusf ft rdckh`bf fh 0335]00\: ikrtci`bf `htrcfurf pbus p`cssf, nìf gkrs`bf p`rikurufgf tfhgkhs ft gf hfrns. Hfbskh fh ?116 ` i`rìtrcs bfs bclctfsfxtrlfs ft gcst bfs gf bpcpeysf `vfi bfs bcdhfs gf w`tfrsefg (bcdhf gf p`rt`df gfs fùx) ft gu i`rr prkh`tfur

(Ncd. 0)]0?\. B` bcdhf gu i`rr prkh`tfur l`rquf b` bclctf b`pbus prkxcl bf gf bpcpeysf ft pfrlft bkpr`tfur gfvcsu`bcsfr b` ikurourf gu r`gcus spicffquf gf ie`quf p`tcfht. Ycgf prkffb, uh clpb`ht gp`ssf b` bcdhf gf w`tfrsefg , bf ikhct`vfi bfs iecssfurs gu pkuif ft gfs gkcdts gfvcfht pksscobf. B`bcdhf gf p`rt`df gfs fùx l`rquf b` bclctf b` pbus gcst`bf gfbpcpeysf, p`rnkcs ù llf hcvfù quf b` bcdhf gu i`rrprkh`tfur, p`rnkcs pbus prkxcl`bf. Gp`ssfr ifttf bcdhf, ifsttrf g`hs b`rtciub`tckh. Vhf pftctf o hgf gf 9 6 ll sp rf bfsgfux bcdhfs (Ncd. 0). Tchgcsie ft `b., fh ?114, kht gffhc bfprklkhtkcrf ikllf t`ht b` p`rtcf ubh`crf gf bpcpeysf r`gc`bfquc gflfurf fxtrlflfht v`rcòbf (Ncd. ?)]09\. Q`r `cbbfurs, b`

stybkgf hfst p`s g`hs bf pb`h gf bpcpeysf, gkht b` nìf`htrcfurf stfhg pbus fh ubh`crf qufh r`gc`b (Ncd. 9 ft 7).Gfux tr`vùx rifhts gf b` llf qucpf kht pfrlcs gf lcfuxgircrf bf r`gcus gcst`b : Qciebfr ft `b. rftrkuvfht gf dr`hgfsv`rc`tckhs gf lfsurfs ùtkur gu tuofriubf gf Bcstfr ft gf b`dkuttcrf gf bfxtfhsfur pkbbcics bkhdus (tugf i`g`vrcquf gf91 `v`ht-or`s) ft ` lkhtr sur 011 r`gcus gf i`g`vrf gfsgcnnrfhifs fhtrf bfs pfhtfs r`gc`bfs ft ubh`crfs]07\. Ouzzfbbft `b. kht tfst euct pb`qufs p`bl`crfs gf r`gcus ft ` rftrkuv uhfsurnìf gf ikhtìt gf b` pb`quf `vfi bf r`gcus gcst`b trs n`cobfpucsquf v`rc`ht gf 9 > %]06\. Vhf tugf r`bcsf p`r D`ssfft `b. sur 47 r`gcus sfis g`gubtfs (61 grkcts ft ?7 dùiefs) cssusgf gfux bòkr`tkcrfs g`h`tklcf (Ofs`hkh ft Gcjkh) ` pfrlcs

gtòbcr bfs lfsurfs gf zkhfs spicffqufs gu r`gcus `vfi`ppbci tckh gcrfitf pkur bkpr tfur (lfsurfs p`r pcfg ikubcssf bfitrkhcquf, p`r si`hhfr lubtc-gtfitfurs eucto`rrfttfs ft utcbcs`tckh gu bkdcicfb Kscrcx0). B` lfsurf gfbp`cssfur ù hcvfù gu tuofriubf gf Bcstfr t`ct gf ??,0 ll(055?>,05) `vfi uh i`rt-typf gf 0,5 ll. B` bkhdufur gfs vcs if hcvfù gf b` lt`peysf gikubfr` gf ifttf lfsurf. Bfslfsurfs gf b` pfhtf p`bl`crf g`hs bf pb`h s`dctt`b t`cfht gf0665(07950>45) ù hcvfù gf b` ikbkhhf b`tr`bf = ft gf 0765(09750695) ù hcvfù gf b` ikbkhhf chtfrlgc`crf (Ncd.6) ]0>\.

Bfs pfhtfs gfs pb`qufs ìtufbbflfht gcspkhcobfs sur bfl`rie `vkcschfht 0665, l`cs ifttf pfhtf fst ikhst`htf ft hf

v`rcf p`s sur tkutf b` b`rdfur gu r`gcus. B` gkuobf pfhtf gf

B. Kofrt ft `b. / Iecrurdcf gf b` l`ch 90 (?10?) ?54?34?55


3/11

bpcpeysf r`gc`bf iùsf gfs gfux ikbkhhfs iklpbcquf b` lcsfù pkcht guhf pb`quf `h`tklcquf .

?.?. Ockli`hcquf

Bfs nkrifs quc s`ppbcqufht ù hcvfù gu r`gcus gcst`b skhtfxtrlflfht v rcòbfs : bfs lkuvflfhts gu pkcdhft bkrsgìtcvct gf b` vcf quktcgcfhhf dhrfht gfs skbbcict`tckhs quc`pprkiefht 011 Hfwtkhs (H) (01 H < 0 md), `bkrs quf b` fxckhgfs gkcdts fhtr`hf gfs skbbcict`tckhs lkyfhhfs gf ?61 H]04\.Quth`l ft `b. kht lkhtr quf bkrs guhf prcsf gf pkcdhf gf 01 H,kh pkuv`ct lfsurfr ù hcvfù gf b` lt`peysf gu r`gcus gcst`b

uhf nkrif `xc`bf gf ?>,9 H. Fh n`ct pkur ie`quf gcz`chf gf H`ppbcquf bkrs guhf prcsf, if skht ?> 6? H quc s`ppbcqufhtsur bf r`gcus gcst`b sfbkh b` pksctckh gf b` l`ch ft b` bkhdufur gur`gcus]05\. L`cs sc ifttf nkrif gf pkcdhf `ttfcht 761 H (nkrif gfpkcdhf lkyfhhf iefz bekllf), ?701 H s`ppbcqufht `bkrs surb` lt`peysf r`gc`bf. @chsc g`hs ifrt`chfs pksctckhs ft g`hsifrt`chfs prcsfs gf pkcdhf, cb pfut s`ppbcqufr pbus gf 9111 H ùhcvfù gu r`gcus gcst b ]03\. Cb nùt, fh rfv`hief, gfsskbbcict`tckhs gf ?611 H pkur nrìturfr uh r`gcus gcst`b ]?1\.Bkrs gf b` rgui`tckh, bfs fxfricifs gf nkrif gf sfrr`df hfgfvr cfht p`s gp`ssfr 0>3 H ft bfs fxfricifs gf lkocbcs tckh, b`lkctc gf b` nkrif fhtr`h`ht b` n`cbbctf gf bclpb`ht, if quc hfst

p`s nkrilfht uhf hktckh fxtr`pkbòbf biefbbf gu p`tcfht.Bfs nkrifs fhtr`h`ht b` n`cbbctf gfs systlfs gf ffx`tckh skhttrkctflfht bcfs ù typf gkstksyhtesf ft bfurs qu bctschtrchsqufs, ft v`rcfht gf 66 5?6 H]03\.

9. Gu li`hcslf gf b` nrìturf skh `h`bysf

9.0. Bfs li`hcslfs gf b` nrìturf

Cb hy ` p`s gf nrìturf gu r`gcus gcst`b typcquf l`cs uhspfitrf bsckhhfb, ikhsqufhif guhf eypfr-fxtfhsckh v`rcòbf.Qfieb`hfr ft `b. ]?0\ kht r`ppkrt bfs rsubt`ts guhf tugf

i`g`vrcquf g`hs b`qufbbf >9 v`ht-or`s `v cfht t skbbcicts fheypfr-fxtfhsckh sur lìechf. Yfbkh b` pksctckh gf b` r`hdfprkxcl`bf gu i`rpf bkrs gf bclpìt, bfs prfssckhs `ppbcqufssur b` surnìf `rtciub`crf gu r`gcus vkht dhrfr gfs nrìturfspbutt gkrs`bfs, ifhtr`bfs ku p`bl`crfs. G`hs ieìuhf gfs trkcsbki`bcs`tckhs, bfs bsckhs kht uhf dr`vct irkcss`htf `vfi gfsbsckhs lt peys crf purfs, pucs lt peysk-pcpeys crf(rfnfhg `rtciub`crf) ft fhffh `vfi bux`tckh. B` nkrlf b` pbusnrqufhtf t ct b` nkrlf `rtciub`crf ft lt peys crf `vfigpbìflfht gkrs`b]?0\. G`hs gfux tcfrs gfs i`s, cb fxcst`ct p`r`cbbfurs gfs bsckhs `sskicfs ù hcvfù gu iklpbfxftrc`hdub`crf (`vfi ku s`hs `vubsckh gf b` stybkgf ubh`crf) ku

] ?

Ncd. ?. @spfit gf trkcs r`gcus sfis lkhtr`ht b` dr`hgf v`rcòcbct gu prklkhtkcrf.

] 0

Ncd. 0. _`gcus gcst b sfi gf nìf fh bdrf supch`tckh, gf nìf fh bdrf prkh`tckh ft gf prkffb. B` stybkgf hfst p`s g`hs bf pb`h gf bpcpeysf. B` prflcrf bcdhf(gkuobf tr ct)gu i`rr prkh tfur, tfrlchf b` nìf pb`hf gu r`gcus.B` sfikhgfbcdhf (fh pkchtcbb) gu p`rt`dfgfs fùx ku w`tfrsefg bchf , fstbf pkcht bf pbus`htrcfurgu r`gcus gcst`b. Bfs clpb`hts hf gkcvfht p`s gp`ssfr ifttf bclctf `htrcfurf, ù rcsquf gfhtr`hfr uh ikhct `vfi bfs tfhgkhs iecssfurs gfs gkcdts.

B. Kofrt ft `b. / Iecrurdcf gf b` l`ch 90 (?10?) ?54?34 ?53


4/11

gfs bcd`lfhts chtfrkssfux. If tr`v`cb pfrlft gf bdctclfr bfstr`vùx gf Bùb`h ft `b. ft b` ib`sscffi`tckh LFV]??\. Ifrt`chfsbsckhs p`rtciubcrfs kht t cgfhtcfffs ft skht skuvfht girctfsikllf gfs cgfhtcts pricsfs : b` nrìturf `vfi Gcf Quhienr`dlfht (nr`dlfht pkstrk-lgc`b) girctf p`r Yiefim fh03>?, b` nrìturf iuhfhhf fxtfrhf]??\.

9.?. Bfs ib`sscffi`tckhs

Bf dr`hg hklorf gf ib`sscffi`tckhs puobc ù ffb gu tflps h`

p`s pfrlcs buhf gfhtrf fbbf gf sclpksfr ikllf uh kutcbpfrtchfht gf prcsf fh ie rdf. Bfs ib sscffi`tckhs skht chtclflfhtbcfs uhf pkquf ft uh typf gf tr`ctflfht. Ikllf bfr`ppfbbfht Gulkhtcfr ft Efrzofrd]?9\, b` ib`sscffi`tckh cg`bfgkct rpkhgrf trkcs kojfitcns : gfsircptckh gf b` bsckh, iekcx gutr ctflfht, ft prvcsckh gu gfvfhcr nkhitckhhfb. Bkrs gusylpkscul gf b` Yknikt, Gulkhtcfr ft Efrzofrd kht pu n`crfuhf bfiturf irctcquf gf bfhsflobf gf ib`sscffi`tckhs fxcst`htfs.

@uiuhf gfs ib`sscffi`tckhs hf rflpbct bfs trkcs ikhgctckhsgffhcfs ic-gfssus, b` pbup`rt hf prfhhfht fh iklptf quf bfsbsckhs gu r`gcus, ft sur bf r`gcus, quuh ku gfux irctrfs qucv`rcfht guh systlf bùtrf. Q`r `cbbfurs, bfs rfprkguitcocbcts

chtr`-kosfrv tfur ft chtfr-kosfrv tfurs skuvfht lgckirfsfxpbcqufht bfs bclctfs gf ifs ib`sscffi`tckhs k bkpr`tfur `tkutfs bfs pfchfs gu lkhgf n`crf rfhtrfr b` nrìturf g`hs uhfi sf. Fh utcbcs`ht gfs ibcies gf nìf ft gf prkffb, bìb`sscffi`tckh gf b`sskic`tckh pkur bkstksyhtesf (@K) t`ctlkgrlfht rfprkguitcobf fh chtfr-kosfrv`tfurs ft n`cobflfhtfh chtr`-kosfrv`tfurs]?7\, ft sfubf b`h`bysf gfs typfs @ (fxtr`-`rtciub`crf), O (chtr`-`rtciub`crf p`rtcfbbf) ft I (chtr`-`rtciub`crfiklpbtf) gf b@K t`ct rfprkguitcobf ]?6\. Fh utcbcs`ht uhsi`hhfr pkur iklpbtfr b`h`bysf, b` ib`sscffi`tckh gf b@Kpfrg`ct tkutf rfprkguitcocbct chtfr-kosfrv tfurs ]?>\. Gf b`llf l`hcrf, bfs ib`sscffi`tckhs gf Nryml`h, gf Lfbkhf ft gf

b` L`yk Ibchci sf skht rvbfs pfu ffòbfs, ùssc ocfh fh chtr`-kosfrv`tfur qufh chtfr-kosfrv`tfurs ]?7,?4,?5\. Q`r `cbbfurspbuscfurs tr`vùx kht l`befurfusflfht lkhtr bòsfhifgchtrt prkhkstcquf gf ifs ib`sscffi tckhs, prkuv`ht s`hsgkutf quf bfs irctrfs tugcs hf skht p`s bfs okhs pkur gircrf b`nrìturf. ichq `hs gf rfiub, bfs ib`sscffi`tckhs gf b@K ft gfNryml`h hf pfrlftt`cfht p`s gf prgcrf bvkbutckh ibchcquf gf>6? p`tcfhts ]?>\. B` ib sscffi`tckh gKbgfr, tfstf sur>99 p`tcfhts, sfst d`bflfht rvbf chsunffs`htf fh tfrlfsgf prkhkstci]?5\. Btugf gf Bfhkobf ft `b. h`v`ct d`bflfhtrftrkuv ùiuh chtrt prkhkstcquf ùx ib`sscffi`tckhs gfI`st chd, Nryml`h, D`rtb`hg, Kbgfr, Bchgstrl ft Jfhmchs]?3\. B` ib`sscffi`tckh gctf uhcvfrsfbbf prkpksf p`r Ikkhfy

]91\ fss`cf gf prkpksfr uhf ikhguctf ter`pfutcquf l`cs s`v`bcgct tfstf rifllfht gflfurf lctcdf ]90\. @chsc, bfsib`sscffi`tckhs tugcfs hf skht hc rfprkguitcobfs hc prkhkstc-qufs. Bfur utcbcs tckh gfvcfht irctcquòbf. Ft pbus quuhfib sscffi`tckh, uh systlf gf gfsircptckh gfs bsckhs gkctsclpksfr pkur iklp`rfr bfs nrìturfs ]??\. Ifbuc gf Bùb`hft `b. fst v`bcg ft pfrlft gf r`hdfr g`hs tkus bfs i`s b`nrìturf gu r`gcus. Ifttf ib`sscffi`tckh girct b` nrìturf `vfiuhf rfprkguitcocbct chtr`- ft chtfr-kosfrv`tfur sunffs`htf pkurgfvfhcr uh kutcb utcbf pkur bf tr ctflfht ft bf prkhkstcinkhitckhhfb. Fbbf ikhscstf fh b` gfsircptckh gf trkcs p`r`ltrfspfrlftt`ht gf s`vkcr sc b` nrìturf fst dr`vf ku hkh, ie`quf

p`r ltrf `y`ht t v`bcg ikllf bc ù prkhkstci. B`ttfchtf gf

] 6

Ncd. 6. Lfsurf gcnnrfhtcfbbf gf b` pfhtf gfs gfux ikbkhhfs, r`gc`bf dùief,ubh`crf grkctf.

] 9

Ncd. 9. ûf pbkhdf`htf lkhtr`ht b` nìf p`bl`crf ft b` zkhf g`ppbci`tckhguhf pb`quf quc stfhg pbus fh ubh`crf qufh r`gc`b. Bf gfssch gfs pb`qufsgfvr` sfh chspcrfr ft hf p`s trf pbus gokrg`ht fh r`gc`b.

] 7

Ncd. 7. _fikhstruitckh si`hhkdr`pecquf lkhtr`ht bch`gqu tckh gf b` nkrlfgf b` pb`quf quc gokrgf gf b` stybkgf quc hfst p`s g`hs bf llf pb`h quf

bpcpeysf.



5/11

b` lt`peysf (ikllchutckh), gf bpcpeysf (nrìturf `rtciu-b`crf) ft gf bubh` fst gcnnrfhtf g`hs ie`quf nrìturf, l`csie`quf i`s gf nrìturf fst uhf `sskic tckh gf ifs trkcsp`r`ltrfs (Ncd. >)]??\.

9.9. B`h`bysf gf b` nrìturf

B` ltekgf g`h`bysf prsfhtf b` Yknikt p rGulkhtcfr ft Efrzofrd ]?9\ fst uh lkyfh sclpbf gfiklprefhsckh gf b` nrìturf gu r`gcus gcst`b, `ffh gf rfifhsfr

ft gkhi gf tr ctfr bfhsflobf gfs bsckhs s`hs fh kuobcfr. Cb s`dctguhf bcstf gblfhts fssfhtcfbs gkht b`h`tklcf fst rfstctufr,i`r bcf ù prkhkstci nkhitckhhfb (Ncd. 4) ]9?\. Cb y ` qu`trfp`r ltrfs spicffqufs gu r`gcus gcst`b (bchibch cskh gf b` pfhtfr`gc`bf gf prkffb, bchibch`cskh gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bf gf nìf,bclpìtckh `rtciub`crf ft bf rìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus p`rt`ssflfht lt`peys`crf), `chsc quf bfs bsckhs chtr`-i`rpcfhhfsft gf b` b`rtciub`tckh r`gck-ubh`crf gcst`bf (_VG) ikhtflpk-r`chfs gu trùl`tcslf. Bfs trkcs p`r`ltrfs gf b` ib`sscffi`tckhLFV fh nkht p`rtcf. Ifttf iefim bcst fst rfhsfcdhf drif uh ocb`h r`gckdr`pecquf fh urdfhif : cb s`dct gf r`gckdr`pecfsgf nìf, gf prkffb ft gf trkcs qu`rts = ifs gfrhcrfs pfrlfttfht

g`h`bysfr b` prsfhif ft bclpkrt`hif guh nr`dlfht

pkstrk-lgc`b. Fh i`s gf nrìturf eùtf hfrdcf, uh si`hhfrpfrlfttr` g`h bysfr bfhsflobf gfs bsckhs `rtciub`crfs ùhcvfù r`gck-i`rpcfh ft ù hcvfù r`gck-ubh`crf. Fh pfrkpr`-tkcrf, skus `hfstescf, gfs ibcies fh trìtckh pfrlfttfht uhflfcbbfurf `h`bysf (surtkut gf b` ikllchutckh) ft rfb`tcvcsfhtskuvfht bf dr`hg gpbìflfht (Ncd. 5). G`hs gfux tcfrs gfs i`s,cbs `ppkrtfht uhf chnkrl`tckh bkpr`tfur quc lkgcfffr` skh`ttctugf ]?9\. G`hs ifttf `h`bysf, b`rterksikpcf fst uh kutcbsuppblfht`crf pfrlftt`ht gf iklpbtfr bf ocb`h, gf n`khikhtflpkr`chf b` ffx`tckh. Bfs bsckhs bcd`lfht`crfs ft bfs

bsckhs kstk-i`rtcb`dchfusfs sfrkht p`rn ctflfht vcsu`bcsfs]99\. Ikhifrh`ht bfs bsckhs bcd`lfht crfs bfur dr`hgfnrqufhif ikhtr`stf `vfi bf pftct hklorf gf p`tcfhts qucsfikhg`crflfht hifssctfht uhf rp`r tckh bcd`lfht crf]?0,97\. Ikllf bkht lkhtr Bùb`h ft `b. ù hcvfù gfsbcd`lfhts chtfrkssfux (si`pek-buh crf ft trcquftrk-buh`crf),bsckh bcd`lfht`crf hfst p`s syhkhylf gchiklptfhif gf b`struiturf ft gkhi syhkhylf gf rp`r`tckh]96\. G`hs uhf tugfprkspfitcvf r`gckdr`pecquf sur uh `h, 79 % gf bsckhsbcd`lfht`crfs chtr`-i`rpcfhhfs gcsskic`tcvfs `v`cfht t gc`d-hkstcqufs l`cs ùiuh rftfhtcssflfht gf ifs bsckhs bcd`lfh-t`crfs ht`ct lfsur sur bf rsubt`t nkhitckhhfb uh `h]96\.

Ikhifrh`ht bfs bsckhs kstk-i`rtcb`dchfusfs, g`hs bfs nrìturfs

] >

Ncd. >. Ib`sscffi`tckh LFV gf Bùb`h. @h`bysf gf b` gf b` iklpks`htf lt`peys`crf (prsfhif guhf ikllchutckh ft/ku bclpìtckh ikrtcik-spkhdcfusf ù hcvfùgf b` lt peysf): L 1 : tr`ctlt`peys`crf òsfht = L 0 : tr ct lt peys`crf sclpbf, s`hs ikllchutckh = L ? : tr`ctlt`peys crf gpbì `vfi ikllchutckh bki`bcsf.B` ikllchutckh fst chnrcfurf elc-icrikhnrfhif (i`cbbf pkstrk-fxtfrhf) = L 9 : tr`ct lt`peys`crf `vfi ikllchutckh gù lkchs uhf elc-icrikhnrfhif (tkutfb` ikrtci`bf pkstrcfurf `vfi rfspfit gf belc-icrikhnrfhif kppksf = ikhskbf `htrk-lgc`bf ùtkrcs`ht uhf rguitckh) = L 7 : tr`ct lt`peys`crf `vfi ikllchutckhicrikhnrfhtcfbbf. Bchstòcbct `prs rguitckh fst lubtcgcrfitckhhfbbf. Kh nnfitf ù p`r`ltrf L bchgcif prclf sc bf tr`ct lt`peys`crf òkutct, gf n`kh ifrt`chf,g`hs b`rtciub`tckh r`gck-ubh`crf gcst`bf (_VG). @h`bysf gf b` iklpks`htf pcpeys`crf gf b` nrìturf (prsfhif gf tr`cts `rtciub`crfs `vfi ku s`hs gpbìflfht) : F 1 :tr`ct `rtciub`crf òsfht = F 0 : tr`ct(s) `rtciub`crf(s), hkh gpbì(s) = F ? : nr`dlfht(s) `rtciub`crf(s) gpbì(s) p`r ics`cbbflfht. Cb hfxcstf p`s gf iklpks`htfgfhnkhiflfht skus-iekhgr`b. Bf gpbìflfht hchtrfssf quuhf p`rtcf gf b` surnìf `rtciub`crf `vfi uh ku gfux nr`dlfhts pcpeys`crfs (nrìturf iuhfhhf fxtfrhf,l`rdch`bf `htrcfurf sclpbfs fti.) = F 9 : nr`dlfht(s) `rtciub`crf(s) gpbì(s) p`r iklprfssckh bki`bcsf. Cb fxcstf uh fhnkhiflfht skus-iekhgr`b bki`bcs uhf p`rtcfgf b` surnìf `rtciub`crf quc pfut ikhifrhfr jusqu trkcs nr`dlfhts = F 7 : nr`dlfhts `rtciub`crfs gpbìs p`r iklprfssckh tfhguf. Bfhnkhiflfht skus-iekhgr`bikhifrhf b` qu`sc-tkt`bct gf b` surnìf `rtciub`crf `vfi uh `spfit gib`tflfht B` pftctf t`cbbf gfs nr`dlfhts flpief bfur rguitckh ft ku bfur ffx`tckh. @h`bysf gutr`ct ubh`crf (V ku I), fh nkhitckh gf s` bki`bcs`tckh ft gf skh gpbìflfht : I 1 : òsfhif gf tr`ct gf nrìturf ubh`crf iuoct`b = I 0 : nrìturf gf b` stybkgf ubh`crf hkhgpbìf (gcst`bf ku prkxcl bf) = I ? : nrìturf gf b` stybkgf ubh crfgpbìf (gcst`bf ku prkxcl bf) = I 9 : nrìturf ubh crflt`peysk-gc peys`crf ( stybkgf)=I7:

nrìturf ubh`crf lt`peysk-pcpeys`crf ( stybkgf).



6/11

`rtciub`crfs iefz bf p`tcfht eùtf gfl`hgf nkhitckhhfbbf,b`rterksikpcf gflfurf uh kutcb lkgfrhf gf vcsu`bcs`tckh ftgf ffx tckh kptcl bf gf nr`dlfhts chìifsscobfs s`hs iftkutcb ]99,9>\. L`cs vkcr ft lcfux iklprfhgrf bfs bsckhs

chtr`-`rtciub`crfs hf scdhcfffht p`s pkuvkcr ku gfvkcr bfs rp`rfr,gf l`hcrf systl`tcquf.

7. Qkurqukc iefriefr rfgkhhfr b`h`tklcf ;

Bòsfhif gf p`r`bbbcslf fhtrf b`h`tklcf rfstctuf ft b`nkhitckh ` bkhdtflps dkuvfrh bf prkjft ter`pfutcquf. Ifttfhktckh hfst vr`cf quf iefz bf dr`hg vcfcbb`rg, n`cobf gfl`hgf,trs gpfhg`ht ]94\. Ikllf bf r`ppfbbf Gulkhtcfr ft Efrzofrd,b` bdfhgf gf ifttf nrìturf quc v` tkujkurs ocfh vcfht gfbkch. . .@orè`l Ikbbfs ircv`ct fh 0507 :Khf ikhskb`tckh khbyrfl`chs, te`t tef bclo wcbb, `t sklf rflktf pfrckg, fhjky pfrnfit

nrffgkl ch `bb cts lktckhs, `hg of iklpbftfby fxflpt nrkl p`ch.

Wef gfnkrlcty ekwfvfr wcbb rfl`ch uhgclchcsefg terkude

bcnf]?9\. Q`r `cbbfurs, qu`ppfbbf-tkh lùv`csf rguitckh ;I`r sc b` rfstctutckh guhf `h`tklcf gkct ducgfr bkpr`tfur, p`rtcr gf qu`hg b` nkhitckh pfut, fbbf, trf `btrf ; Btugf gfsqu`trf p`r`ltrfs spicffqufs gu r`gcus gcst`b ` pfrlcs gfs`vkcr qufbbfs v bfurs gf hkh-rguitckh fhtr`h`cfht gfs

ikhsqufhifs sur b` nkhitckh fh dhr`b : bchibch`cskh gf b`pfhtf r`gc`bf gf prkffb (g`hs bf pb`h s`dctt`b), bchibch`cskh gf b`pfhtf r`gc`bf gf nìf (g`hs bf pb`h nrkht`b), bchikhdrufhif`rtciub`crf ft bf rìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus ir p r bìkllchutckh nrìtur`crf.

6. Bchibch`cskh gf b` pfhtf r`gc bf gf prkffb (g`hs bf

pb`h s`dctt`b)

Bfs v`bfurs hkrl`bfs gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bf gf prkffb skhtib`sscquflfht uhf chibch`cskh vfrs b`v`ht gf 015 0?5ku 065.Bekrczkht bcs`tckh gf ifttf pfhtf ku skh krcfht tckh vfrs

b`rrcrf fst syhkhylf guhf pfrtf gf 01 ?15

g`hdub`tckh !Yekrt ft `b. kht ocfh lkhtr b` ikhifhtr`tckh ft bùdlfht`tckhgfs prfssckhs ù hcvfù gf b` nìf gkrs`bf gf b`rtciub`tckhr`gck-ubh`crf ft gf b` stybkgf ùdlfht`cfht gs quf b` pfhtfr`gc`bf rfd`rgf fh `rrcrf gf 015]95\. Qkduf ft `b., g`hs uhtr`v`cb fxprclfht`b, kht pu lkhtrfr quf pbus b` o`siubf gkrs`bfgp`ssf ?15, pbus bfs prfssckhs ùdlfhtfht sur bf si`pekgf]93\. W`bfcshcm ft T`tskh kht chscst sur bfs rcsqufs gchstòcbctlgck-i`rpcfhhfs gs bekrczkht`bcs`tckh gf b` dbhf r`gc`bf

] 4

Ncd. 4. Yystlf g`h`bysf gf b` Yknikt.

] 5

Ncd. 5. Ibcies fh trìtckh pfrlftt`ht gf gl`squfr uhf ikllchutckh icrikhnrfhtcfbbf ib`ssf L7.

B. Kofrt ft `b. / Iecrurdcf gf b` l`ch 90 (?10?) ?54?34?3?


7/11

]71\. Mce`r` ft `b. kht r`ppkrt uhf lkgcffi`tckh gf b` prkhk-supch`tckh gs quf ifttf pfhtf r`gc`bf `ttfcdh`ct ?15g`hdub`-tckh gkrs`bf]70\. Gfs tugfs ibchcqufs kht bfur tkur ikhffrlb` hifssct gf ikhtrbfr bchibch`cskh gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bf gfprkffb : sc b` pfhtf r`gc`bf rfd`rgf fh `rrcrf gf 015ku pbus, ifstbf p`r`ltrf quc ` bf pbus gf ikhsqufhifs sur b` nkhitckh, b`nkrif gf b` pkcdhf ft b` gkubfur ]7?\. M`zumc ft `b. kht pulkhtrfr quf bfs ikhsqufhifs `h tklcqufs ù hcvfù gfsbcd`lfhts ft biefbbf gu p`tcfht t`cfht lchclfs sc b` o`siubfpkstrcfurf rfst`ct chnrcfurf 015 ]79\. p`rtcr gf 715 gfo`siubf pkstrcfurf, b` l`jkrct gfs skbbcict`tckhs p`ssf p`rbubh`.

>. Bchibch`cskh gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bf gf nìf (g`hs bf pb`h

nrkht`b)

Bfs v`bfurs hkrl`bfs gf bchibch`cskh r`gc`bf g`hs bf pb`hnrkht`b v`rcfht gf ?1 ?65. Qkduf ft `b.]93\ft @g`ls]77\khtlkhtr bfs ikhsqufhifs sur bf iklpbfxf trc`hdub`crf guhfgclchutckh gf bchibch cskh r`gc bf gf 65. Qfu gtugfsibchcqufs sf skht chtrfssfs if p`r`ltrf, l`cs Jfhmchs ftLchttkwt-Izyz]76\kht lkhtr quf b` pfrtf gf 45fhtr`h`ct uhfgclchutckh gf b` fxckh ft Mkpybkv ft `b.]7>\, `vfi uh rfiub gf91 `hs, kht lkhtr quf b` pfrtf gf 65 fhtr h`ct gfs

ikhsqufhifs nkhitckhhfbbfs g`hs 31 % gfs i`s.

4. Bchikhdrufhif `rtciub`crf

Gcnfficbf lfsurfr sur gfs ibcies sclpbfs llf fh i`s gfgpbìflfht nrìtur`crf lchclf, bclpkrt`hif gf b` l`riefgfsi`bcfr irf p`r bclpìtckh `rtciub`crf sflobf trf lcfuxlkhtrf p`r bf si`hhfr (Ncd. 3). Ifpfhg`ht `vfi b` hulrcs`tckhgfs ibcies ft bòsfhif giefbbf, cb fst clpksscobf fh urdfhif,fh if quc hkus ikhifrhf, g vkcr uhf lfsurf iecnnrfr`gckdr`pecquf. Gf pbus, pbuscfurs ùtfurs kht lkhtr qufbcl`dfrcf cg`bf pkur i`rìtrcsfr ifttf clpìtckh rfst`ct chvfhtfr]74,75\. Ikbf ft `b. kht pu lkhtrfr quf b` r`gckdr`pecfsur ku skus-fstcl ct g`hs 91 % gfs i`s bchikhdrufhif

`rtciub`crf p`r r`ppkrt ù si`hhfr l`cs qucb hfxcst`ct quuhfn`cobf ikrrb`tckh fhtrf bfs gfux fx`lfhs]74\. Mrfgfr ft `b. khtlkhtr bfs gcnnrfhifs chtfr-kosfrv`tfur g`hs b` bfiturf gfsibcies sclpbfs]75\. Ifpfhg`ht, sc skh `h`bysf qu`htct`tcvf fstgcnfficbf, cb fst bkdcquf gf rgucrf uhf clpìtckh `rtciub`crf scfbbf fst vcscobf bcb sur gfs ibcies r`gckdr`pecqufs.T`dhfr ft `b. ]73\ ft O`r`tz ft `b. ]61\ kht r`ppkrt bfsikhsqufhifs ù hcvfù gfs prfssckhs chtr`-i`rpcfhhfs ft gf bìchl`tcquf gu i`rpf sur i`g`vrfs gs quf bchikhdrufhifgp`ss`ct bf lcbbcltrf. Or`gw`y ft `b.]60\, Mkpybkv ft `b.]6?\ft Mhcrm ft Jupctfr]69\kht ocfh lkhtr b`sskic`tckh ikhst`htffhtrf chikhdrufhif `rtciub`crf ft survfhuf g`rterksf : uhf

chikhdrufhif `rtciub`crf gf ? ll hkh rguctf gkhhf 30 %

] 3

Ncd. 3. @spfit r`gckdr`pecquf ft si`hhkdr`pecquf guhf llf nrìturf. Bf si`hhfr pfrlft gf p`rn`ctflfht vcsu`bcsfr bfs bsckhs rtciub`crfs qucb nùgr` rgucrf.



8/11

g`rterksf scx `hs gf rfiub = `rterksf prsfhtf uhcquflfhtg`hs 00 % gfs i`s fh i`s gf ikhdrufhif `rtciub`crf rfstctuf]69\. L`cs sc Lcss`mc`h ft `b. ]67\ rftrkuv`cfht gf lùv`csrsubt ts nkhitckhhfbs fh i`s g rterksf sfikhg`crf uhfchikhdrufhif `rtciub crf, I`t`b`hk ft `b.]66\hf lftt`cfht fhvcgfhif ùiuhf ikrrb`tckh fhtrf `rterksf ft nkhitckh iefz?> p tcfhts gf 76 hs gdf lkyfh `vfi gfs nr iturfs`rtciub`crfs sucvcfs sfpt `hs fh lkyfhhf (rfiub lchclul6,6 `hs). B` srcf gf Nkrw`rg ft `b. ]6>\v` g`hs bf sfhs gfI`t`b`hk ft `b. `vfi uh rfiub lkyfh fhikrf pbus clpkrt`ht

(95 `hs).

5. Bf rìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus

Bf rìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus, sfikhg`crf b` ikllchutckhlt`peys`crf, ikhstctuf bf sfikhg nìtfur `rterkdhf `prsbclpìtckh `rtciub`crf. G`hs uh tr`v`cb ockli hcquf, Qkdufft `b. ]93\ ` r`ppkrt bùdlfht tckh gfs prfssckhs sur b` nkssfttfsi`pekgcfhhf gu r`gcus `vfi uh rftfhtcssflfht sur b`rtciub`-tckh _VG. Tfrhfr ft `b. ]64\ kht lkhtr bclpkrt`hif guie`hdflfht gf b` rp`rtctckh gfs prfssckhs gs quf bf r`gcusprsfhtf uh rìikuricssflfht gf pbus gf ?,6 ll p`r r`ppkrt bubh`. G`hs uhf tugf ibchcquf LiPuffh ft I`spfrs ]94\r`ppkrt`cfht quuh rìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus gf pbus gf ? llfhtr h ct gf n`kh scdhcffi`tcvf uhf ùdlfht`tckh gfssylptlfs ft uhf o`cssf gf b` nkrif. Jfhmchs ft Lchttkwt-

Izyz, g`hs gfux drkupfs tr`cts krtekpgcquflfht, r`ppkr-t`cfht quf bf rìikuricssflfht g`hs bf drkupf gfs p`tcfhtschgkbkrfs t`ct gf ? ll = cb t`ct gf 7 ll g`hs bf drkupf gfsp`tcfhts gkubkurfux ]76\. @rk ft Mkcvuhfh kht lkhtr uhfùdlfht`tckh gf b` dhf nkhitckhhfbbf gf ?6 % gs quf bfrìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus `ttfcht 9 6 ll ]65\. Bfsskbbcict`tckhs ù hcvfù gu r`gcus gcst`b, v`bufs 7111 Hp`r pbuscfurs ùtfurs pfuvfht fxpbcqufr bf gpbìflfht fhrìikuricssflfht fh i`s gf stòcbcs`tckh `pprkxcl`tcvf ]63,>1\.Nujc ft `b. `v`cfht r`ppkrt g`hs uhf srcf gf ?> p`tcfhts ds`vfi gfs nrìturfs dr`hg gpbìflfht quf bf rìikuricssflfhtgf > ll dhr ct systl`tcquflfht gfs lùv`cs rsubt ts

nkhitckhhfbs]>0\.

] 0

Ncd. 01. Ibcies r`gckdr`pecqufs trkcs lklfhts gcnnrfhts guhf p`tcfhtfìtcvf gf 59 `hs rfnus`ht uhf vfhtufbbf chtfrvfhtckh ft prsfht`ht uhf nrìturfib`ssòbf L7, F?, V7. Fh eùt fh pkst-trùl`tcquf cllgc`t, ù ifhtrf `prsrguitckh skus `hfstescf bki`bf, fh o`s qu`trf lkcs `prs ikhskbcg`tckh ft uhlkcs gf pbtrf `htorìec`b. G`hs ifttf tr`hief gdf, b` rguitckh s`hs ffx`tckhhf pfrlft p`s gf rfstctufr b`h`tklcf.

] 0

Ncd. 00. euct lkcs, sc b` prkhk-supch`tckh fst pfu gclchuf, bf vkb`ht gffxckh fxtfhsckh `ttfcht 615`vfi iefz ifttf p`tcfhtf uhf pb`chtf fstetcquf ftgfs gkubfurs ùx fnnkrts.



9/11

3. Gu ikhifpt gchst ocbct ùx bclctfs gu tr`ctflfht

krtekpgcquf

Qbuscfurs ùtfurs sf skht chtrfsss ù ikhifpt gchstòcbctgf b` nrìturf. L`cs ifttf hktckh rfikuvr`ct bfs nìtfurs gf rcsqufgf gpbìflfht guhf nrìturf `prs tr`ctflfht krtekpgcquf,`vfi ku s`hs rguitckh gf b` nrìturf. B`nkht`chf, bf prflcfr,lft fh vcgfhif ichq nìtfurs prgcitcns gchstòcbct g`hs uhfrfvuf gf 0>4 i`s : b`hdub`tckh chctc`bf gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bf g`hsbf pb`h s`dctt`b gf pbus gf ?15 fh gkrs`b, uhf ikllchutckhgkrs`bf, uhf `ttfchtf chtr`-`rtciub`crf, uhf nrìturf `sskicf gfbubh` ft uh df suprcfur >1 hs ]>?\. Fh i`s gf tr ctflfht p rcllkocbcs`tckh pbtrf, b` prsfhif gf trkcs nìtfurs ku pbus,fhtr`h`ct `bkrs uh rcsquf l`jfur gf gpbìflfht sfikhg`crf.Hfsoctt ft `b., rfprfh`ht bfs nìtfurs gf rcsquf gf B`nkht`chflkhtr`ct quf iefz 61 p`tcfhts prsfht`ht ù lkchs trkcs nìtfursgf rcsquf, cb fxcst`ct iefz bfs p`tcfhts gf pbus gf 65 `hs uhfie`hif sur gfux gf vkcr uh gpbìflfht sfikhg`crf skus pbtrf]>9\. Bfkhf, drif uhf tugf kosfrv`tckhhfbbf iefz

40 p`tcfhts, ` iklp`r bf gpbìflfht survfhu fh i`s gfrguitckh + pbtrf (61 p`tcfhts) ku fh i`s nrìturf hkh gpbìfpbtrf (?0 p`tcfhts) ]>7\. Pu`trf nìtfurs gf rcsquf gfgpbìflfht t cfht cgfhtcffs : bf rìikuricssflfht r`gc`b(bc b` ikllchutckh), bekrczkht`bcs`tckh gf b` pfhtf r`gc`bfg`hs bf pb`h nrkht`b, bf gpbìflfht `htrcfur gf b` bpcpeysfr`gc`bf ft bdf. Vh tcfrs gfs nrìturfs hkh gpbìfs `prs>6 `hs sf t`ss`cfht. LiPuffh lkhtr`ct p`r `cbbfurs quuhfrguitckh ctr`tcvf `prs iefi guhf prflcrf rguitckh + pb-trf ieku`ct `prs >1 `hs]>6\(Ncd. 01 ft 00). Vhf lt`-`h`bysfgf ?119 h` p`s trkuv gf gcnnrfhif fhtrf bfs gcnnrfhts lkgfsgcllkocbcs`tckh qu`ht ù rsubt t `h`tklcquf ft ùx

iklpbci`tckhs fh i`s gf tr ctflfht krtekpgcquf pkur gfsnìturfs hkh gpbìfs]>>\. @chsc, uhf nrìturf hkh gpbìfgkct trf cllkocbcsf scx sfl`chfs p`r uh pbtrf `htorìeck-p`bl`crf `vfi uh ikhtrbf tkutfs bfs gfux sfl`chfs. B` pbup`rtgfs gpbìflfhts sfikhg`crfs `y`ht bcfu b` prflcrf sfl`chf.Fhffh, Oyb ft `b. kht lkhtr bfs ikhsqufhifs nkhitckhhfbbfs gutr`ctflfht krtekpgcquf (rguitckh + pbtrf) : gfux jkurs `prsbòb`tckh gu pbtrf, cb fxcst`ct uhf gclchutckh gf lkocbct gupkcdhft g`hs tkus bfs sfitfurs g`lpbctugfs : 71 % fh prkhk-supch`tckh, 61 % fh fxckh fxtfhsckh ft fh chibch`cskh, ?7 % fhnkrif gf b` pkcdhf]>4\.

01. Bf prkoblf gf bubh`

B` prchicp`bf squfbbf gfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b gflfurfb` gkubfur _VG ku b` gclchutckh gf b` prkhk-supch`tckh. Cbfxcstf uhf dr`hgf etrkdhct gfs puobci`tckhs ft bòsfhif gfrfikll`hg`tckhs ffòbfs qu`ht b` prcsf fh ie`rdf gf bsckhsgf bubh`. Gfux typfs gf bsckhs skht gcnnrfhicfr : bfs bsckhsgf b` stybkgf ft ifbbfs gf b` ttf ku gu ikb. Ikhifrh`ht bfsbsckhs stybkgcfhhfs, Bùb`h ft `b. kht lkhtr bfs lkchs okhsrsubt`ts nkhitckhhfbs fh i`s gf nrìturf gpbìf gf b` stybkgf]??\. Hkus `vckhs lkhtr quf it`ct qu`hg b` nrìturf sftrkuv`ct b` o`sf quf bfs rsubt`ts t`cfht bfs lkchs okhs]>5\.B` ffx`tckh gfs nrìturfs prkxcl`bfs fst bkdcquf scb fxcstf uhf

chstòcbct gf b`rtciub`tckh _VG]>3\. Ifpfhg`ht fh bòsfhif

gchst ocbct, ft l`bdr b` lchc turcs`tckh gfs clpb`hts, b`c`trkdhcf ifrt`chf (òkrg, dhf gu l`trcfb) ft bòsfhif gfohffif nkhitckhhfb r`ppkrt guhf ffx`tckh, pkussf bòs-tfhtckh ikllf bf lkhtrf uhf iklp`r`cskh rifhtf gf gfuxikekrtfs gf nrìturfs gu r`gcus `vfi ft s`hs bsckh gf b` stybkgf]41\. Qkur bfs nrìturfs gu ikb ku gf b` ttf ubh`crf, lt`peysk-pcpeys`crfs, pbuscfurs `ttctugfs kht t girctfs, gf b` ffx`tckh(p`rnkcs gcnfficbf fh i`s gks trs pkrktcquf), b` rsfitckhgflobf. _ifllfht, H`lo` ft `b. kht lkhtr quf bòstfh-tckh sur bubh` `sskicf uhf syhtesf gu r`gcus t`ct sucvcf gfokhs rsubt`ts nkhitckhhfbs g`hs uhf pkpub`tckh df]40\. Fhi`s gf bux`tckh gf b`rtciub`tckh _VG, b` bsckh gu iklpbfxftrc`hdub`crf fst ikhst`htf sskicf gfs bsckhs gf b` lflor`hfchtfrkssfusf s` p`rtcf gcst`bf : b` rguitckh ft b`rterkrcsftflpkr crf skht hifss crfs = fh rfv`hief, uhf bsckh guiklpbfxf trc hdub`crf hfst p`s syhkhylf gchstòcbctikhst`htf.

00. Ikhibusckh

B` rfstctutckh gf b`h`tklcf pfrlft gf bclctfr bfs pfrtfsnkhitckhhfbbfs. Bf prkoblf ht`ht p`s bf lkgf gf ffx`tckh kub` tfiehcquf gcllkocbcs`tckh, l`cs b` qu`bct ft bf l`chtcfh gfb` rguitckh. Bfs nrìturfs quc ikhskbcgfht fh lùv csf pksctckhvkht `vkcr gfs rpfriussckhs sur b`rtciub`tckh r`gck-i`rpcfhhf(pfrturo`tckh gf b`bcdhflfht gu i`rpf skus-jìfht, pfrtf fhfxckh fxtfhsckh, gclchutckh gf b` nkrif gf b` pkcdhf) ft r`gck-ubh crf (pfrtf gf b` prkhk-supch`tckh, clpìtckh ubhk-i`rpcfhhf). Ifst qu`hg b`hdub`tckh gkrs`bf gp`ssf ?15,bchibch cskh r`gc`bf p`ssf fh gfsskus gfs 015, ft quf bfrìikuricssflfht gu r`gcus gp`ssf > ll quf bfs ikhsqufh-

ifs nkhitckhhfbbfs skht ifrt`chfs. @chsc, pbus b` nrìturf fstgpbìf ft/ku `sskicf uhf nrìturf gf b` ttf ubh`crf, pbus bfp`tcfht fst d (`prs >1 `hs) ft bks nr`dcbf (kstkpkrksf),lkchs bcllkocbcs`tckh (` nkrtckrc `sskicf uhf rguitckh)pfrlfttr` gf l`chtfhcr b` rguitckh.

Gib`r`tckh gchtrts

B. Kofrt fst ikhsubt`ht pkur trkcs ffrlfs nòrcqu`ht kugcstrcou`ht gfs pb`qufs gf r`gcus gcst`b.

@uiuh gfs ùtfurs h` rfu gf rtrcoutckh pkur b` r`bcs`tckhgf ift `rtcibf.

_nrfhifs

]0\ Ikurt-Orkwh IL, I`fs`r O. Fpcgflckbkdy kn `gubt nrìturfs: ` rfvcfw.Chjury ?11>=94:>304.

]?\ Obcui G, Hduyfh HG, Lcbie ^F, Hduyfh W^, Fcsl`h J@, Ifhtfr J_.Lkrt`bcty rcsm `sskic`tfg wcte bkw-trùl` kstfkpkrktci nrìturf `hgsuosfqufht nrìturf ch lfh `hg wklfh. J@L@ ?113=910:609?0.

]9\ Bfwcfimc FL, Ochmbfy H. Fvcgfhif-o`sfg lfgcichf, ibchci`b prìtcifducgfbchfs, `hg ikllkh sfhsf ch tef l`h`dflfht kn kstfkpkrkscs. FhgkirQrìt ?113=06:6493.

]7\ Weklpskh QT, W`ybkr J, G`wskh @. Wef `hhu`b chicgfhif `hg sf`skh`bv`rc`tckh kn nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus ch lfh `hg wklfh kvfr ?6 yf`rsch Gkrsft, VM. Chjury ?117=96:7>?>.

]6\ `h Yt`` WQ, Gfhhcskh FL, Bfunmfhs EDL. Fpcgflckbkdy knnrìturfs ch

Fhdb`hg `hg T`bfs. Okhf ?110=?3:604??.



10/11

]>\ Mfbsfy JB, Qrcbb LL, Mffd`h WEL, W`hhfr EF, Ofrhstfch @B, Puf-sfhofrry Jr IQ, ft `b. _fguichd tefrcsm nkr gcst b nkrf`rl nrìturf: prfsfrvfokhf l`ss, sbkw gkwh, `hg gkht n`bb! Kstfkpkrks Cht ?116=0>:>5031.

]4\ Lfbtkh 9rg BJ, Iercstfh G, _cdds OB, @iefhoìe YJ, Lbbfr _, v`hBfhtef DE, ft `b. @ssfsschd nkrf`rl nrìturf rcsm ch pkstlfhkpùs`bwklfh. Kstfkpkrks Cht ?101=?0(4):00>03.

]5\ Ib`ytkh _@, D`stkh LY, _`bstkh YE, Ikurt-Orkwh IL, LiPuffh LL.@sskic`tckh oftwffh gfirf`sfg okhf lchfr`b gfhscty hg sfvfrcty kn gcst`b

r`gc`b nrìturfs. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd @l ?113=30:>093.]3\ L`r`vci L, Bf Oce`h I, B`hg`cs Q, N`rgfbbkhf Q. Chicgfhif `hg ikst kn

kstfkpkrktci nrìturfs ch Nr`hif gurchd ?110. @ lftekgkbkdci`b `pprkìeoy tef h`tckh`b ekspct`b g`tò`sf. Kstfkpkrks Cht ?116=0>:074651.

]01\ Ylfmt`b` _, Fhgrfs ED, G`sie O, Okhh`crf N, Wr`lpcsie EJ, Qcfhtm` B.Pu`bctykn i`rf`ntfrgcst`br`gcusnrìturf ch Dfrl`hy. _fsubtskn ` nrìturfrfdcstfr kn 0?10 fbgfrby p`tcfhts. Vhn`bbiecrurd ?113=00?:7>67.

]00\ Efrzofrd D, D`rrft J, Fre`rg B. @h`tklcf gu r`gcus gcst`b. Ch: @bbcfu S,fgctkr. Nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b gf b`gubtf. Q`rcs: Fbsfvcfr= 0335. p.07?4.

]0?\ Hfbskh G. @h`tkly hktfs `hg tefcr ibchci`b scdhcffi`hif nkr tef vkb`r`pprkìe. ettp://www.g`vcgbhfbskh.lg/`rtcibfs/_`gcus[@h`tkly[@hhk-t`tfg.etl.

]09\ Tchgcsie D, Ibflfht E, W`hzfr M, Nfcdb D, Drfiefhcd T, @hgfreuofr N,ft `b. Qrklkhtkry kn r`gcus: ` hfw `h`tklci`b gfsircptckh kh tef gcst`b

r`gcus. Yurd _`gckb @h`t ?114=?:>?399.]07\ Qciebfr T, Tchgcsie D, Yie nfr D, _cfhlbbfr _, Drfiefhcd T.

Iklputfr tklkdr`pey`cgfg 9G `h byscs kn tefgcst`bgkrs`br`gcussurnìf`hg tef fnnfits kh tef vkb`r pb`tf kstfksyhtefscs. J E`hg Yurd Fur?113=97:635>1?.

]06\ Ouzzfbb JF, Tfcmfrt G_, T tskh JW, Bff GE. Qrfikhtkurfg ffxfg- hdbfvkb`r gcst`b r`gcus pb`tfs: ` iklp`rcskh kn `h`tklci fft. J E`hg Yurd @l?115=99:00776?.

]0>\ D`ssf H, Bfp`df G, Qfl _, Ofrh`rg I, Bfr`cs JL, D`rouck Q, ft `b.@h`tklci`b `hg r`gckbkdci`b stugy `ppbcfg tk gcst`b r`gcus surdfry. Yurd_`gckb @h`t ?100=99:75631.

]04\ Ks`g` G, ^cfd`s YN, Yeè L@, Lkrrcs _Q, Q`ttfrskh _L. Iklp`rcskh kngcnnfrfht gcst`b r`gcus gkrs`b `hg vkb`r nrìturf ffx`tckh pb`tfs: ` ocklf-ie`hci`b stugy. J E`hg Yurd @l ?119=?5:37017.

]05\ Quth`l LG,Lfyfr HJ,Hfbskh FT, Dfsfhsw`y G, Bfwcs JB. Gcst b r`gc`b

lft`peysf`b nkrifs ch `h fxtrchsci drcp lkgfb: clpbci`tckhs nkr pkstnrìturf rfeòcbct`tckh. J E`hg Yurd @l ?111=?6:7>346.

]03\ L`teckwftz , M`sel`h H, kbb`hg D, Tfofr M, Gkwf L, _kdfrs Y. Drcp`hg pchie strfhdte: hkrl`tcvf g`t` nkr `gubts. @rie Qeys Lfg _feòcb0356=>>:>347.

]?1\ @ud`t Q, Ccg` E, Jc`hd S, Gc`k F, Dfh`ht EM. Gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs:lfie`hcsls kn chjury `hgstrfhdte prfgcitckh oy okhf lchfr`b`ssfsslfht.J Krtekp _fs 0335=0>:>?396.

]?0\ Qfieb`hfr Y, M`terfch @, Dòb L, Butz L, @hdfrl`hh Q, Zcllfrl`hh _,ft `b. Gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs `hg ikhiklct`ht chjurcfs: fxpfrclfht`bstugcfs ikhifrhchd p`teklfie`hcsls. E`hgiecr Lcmrkiecr Qb`st Iecr?11?=97:0614.

]??\ Bùb`h J, Ocslute JQ, Iblfht Q, D`rùg Q. Ib`sscffi`tckh `h`bytcquf gfsnrìturfs gf bfxtrlct gcst`bf gu r`gcus : b` ib`sscffi`tckh LFV . IecrL`ch ?114=?>:?393.

]?9\ Gulkhtcfr I, Efrzofrd D. Ib`sscffi`tckh gfs nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b._fv Iecr Krtekp ?110=54(6):Y410.

]?7\ Cbb`rr`lfhgc @, Dkhzbfz Gfbb` `bbf @, Yfd`b F, Gf I`rbc Q, L`cdhkh D,D`bbuiic D. Fv`bu tckh kn sclpbcfffg Nryml`h `hg @K ib`sscffi tckhs knnrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus. @ssfsslfht kn chtfr-kosfrvfr `hg chtr`-kosfrvfr `drfflfht. Cht Krtekp 0335=??:0006.

]?6\ Mrfgfr EJ, E`hfb GQ, LiMff L, Jupctfr J, LiDcbbcv`ry D, YwckhtmkwsmcLN. Ikhscstfhiy kn @K nrìturf ib`sscffi`tckh nkr tef gcst`b r`gcus. J OkhfJkcht Yurd Or 033>=45:4?>90.

]?>\ Nbcmmcb W, Hcmmkb`-Ycetk @, M``rfb` K, Qmm F, _``tcm`chfh W. Qkkrchtfr-kosfrvfr rfbcòcbcty kn @K ib`sscffi`tckh kn nrìturfs kn tef gcst`br`gcus. @ggctckh`b iklputfg tklkdr`pey cs kn lchkr v`buf. J Okhf JkchtYurd Or 0335=51:>41?.

]?4\ @hgfrsfh GJ, Ob`cr TN, Ytfyfrs Jr IL, @g`ls OG, Fb-Mekurc DS,Or`hgsfr F@. Ib`sscffi`tckh kn gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs: `h `h`byscs kn

chtfr-kosfrvfr rfbcòcbcty `hg chtr`-kosfrvfr rfprkguicocbcty. J E`hg Yurd@l 033>=?0:6475?.

]?5\ Gizc J, Nrebcie Q. Ib`sscffi`tckh kn gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs `hg ctsgc`dhkstci v`buf. Vhn`bbiecrurd 033>=33:9?9>.

]?3\ Bfhkobf F, Gulkhtcfr I, Dkut`bbcfr G, @pkcb @. Nrìturfs gu r`gcus gcst`b`vfi gpbìflfht pkstrcfur : tugf iklp`r tcvf gf b` v`bfur prgcitcvf gf> ib`sscffi`tckhs. _fv Iecr Krtekp 033>=5?:93>71?.

]91\ Ikkhfy TQ. Nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus. @ lkgfrh trf`tlfht-o`sfg

ib`sscffi`tckh. Krtekp Ibch Hkrte @l 0339=?7:?00>.]90\ Jch TJ,Jc`hd BY,YefhB, BuE, IucSL, Zeku P, ft `b. Wef chtfr-kosfrvfr

`hg chtr`-kosfrvfr rfbcòcbcty kn tef Ikkhfy ib`sscffi`tckh kn gcst`b r`gcusnrìturfs oftwffh fxpfrcfhifg krtekp`fgci surdfkhs. J E`hg Yurd Fur?114=9?:61300.

]9?\ Efrzofrd D, Czfl S, @b Y``tc L, Qbkt`rg N. Q@N `h`byscs kn ìutf gcst`br`gcus nrìturfs ch `gubts. Qrfbclch`ry rfsubts. Iecr L`ch ?101=?3:?906.

]99\ Ikdhft JL, L`rtchìef U, L`tekubch I. Wr`ctflfht gfs nrìturfs `rtc-iub`crfs gu r`gcus gcst`b skus ikhtrbf `rterksikpcquf : tfiehcquf kpr`-tkcrf ft iekcx ter`pfutcqufs. Iecr L`ch ?115=?4:0403.

]97\ Nkhtfs G. Wr`ctflfht `rterksikpcquf gfs bsckhs trùl`tcqufs rifhtfs ftierkhcqufs gu iklpbfxf trc`hdub`crf gu pkcdhft. Iecr L`ch ?11>=?6:Y455>.

]96\ Bùb`h J, Ocslute JQ. Chtrì`rp`b bcd`lfhtkus bfsckhs `sskic`tfg wcte

nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus: kutiklf `t khf yf`r. @ prkspfitcvf stugy kn36 i`sfs. @it` Krtekp Ofbd 0333=>6:705?9.

]9>\ O`ro`ry Y, Qkzfttk L, Yfdrft J, Gfbt`hd N, Gfgfrcies @, G`p N, ft `b.Nrìturf gu r`gcus gcst b. Ch: Nkht`chf I, Bcvfrhfùx Q, L`slfjf`h F,fgctkrs. Ikurs furkpfh gf p`tekbkdcf iecrurdci`bf gu lflorf suprcfur.Lkhtpfbbcfr: Yùr`lps Lgci`b= ?101. p. 79669.

]94\ LiPuffh LL, I`spfrs J. Ikbbfs nrìturf: gkfs tef `h`tklci`b rfsubt`nnfit tef ffh`b nuhitckh; J Okhf Jkcht Yurd Or 0355=41:>73 60.

]95\ Yekrt TE, Q`blfr @M, Tfrhfr NT, Lfse L, Lurpey GJ. @ ocklf-ie`hci b stugy kn tef gcst b r`gcus nr iturfs. J E`hg Yurd @l0354=0?:6?397.

]93\ Qkduf GJ, ^cfd`s YN, Q`ttfrskh _L, Qftfrskh QG, Jfhmchs GM, Ywfk WG,ft b. Fnnfits kn gcst`b r gcus nrìturf l`b-uhckh kh wrcst jkcht lfie`hcis. JE`hg Yurd 0331=06:4?04.

]71\ W`bfcshcm J, T`tskh EM. Lcgì`rp`b chstòcbcty iùsfg oy l`b-uhctfg

nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus. J E`hg Yurd 0357=3:?9614.]70\ Mce`r` E, Q`blfr @M, Tfrhfr NT, Yekrt TE, Nkrtchk LG. Wef fnnfit kn

gkrs`bby `hdub tfg gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs kh gcst`b r`gck-ubh r jkchtikhdrufhiy `hg nkrf`rl rkt`tckh. J E`hg Yurd @l 033>=?0:714.

]7?\ Ocimfrst`nn G_, Ofbb LJ. I`rp`b l`b-`bcdhlfht ch Ikbbfs nrìturfs. JE`hg Yurd Or 0353=07:066>1.

]79\ M`zumc M, Musuhkmc L, Yecl`zu @. Qrfssurf gcstrcoutckh ch tef r`gck-i`rp`b jkcht lf`surfg wcte ` gfhsctklftfr gfscdhfg nkr prfssurf-sfhsctcvfffbl. J E`hg Yurd @l 0330=0>:7105.

]77\ @g`ls OG. Fnnfits kn r`gc`b gfnkrlcty kh gcst`b r`gck-ubh`r jkcht lfie`-hcis. J E`hg Yurd @l 0339=05:73?5.

]76\ Jfhmchs HE, Lchttkwt-Izyz TJ. L`b-uhckh `hg gysnuhitckh ch Ikbbfsnrìturf. J E`hg Yurd Or 0355=09:?309.

]7>\ Mkpybkv Q, Jkhsskh M, Wekrhdrfh MD, @spfhofrd Q. Chjfitòbf i`biculpekspe`tf ch tef trf`tlfht kn gcst`b r`gc`b nrìturfs. J E`hg Yurd Or

033>=?0:4>540.]74\ Ikbf _J, Ochgr` __, Fv`hknn O@, Dcbub` B@, S`l`duiec M, Dfbofrl`h

_E. _`gckdr`peci fv`bu`tckh kn kssfkus gcspbìflfht nkbbkwchd chtr`-`rtciub`r nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus: rfbcòcbcty kn pb`ch r`gckdr`peyvfrsus iklputfg tklkdr`pey. J E`hg Yurd @l 0334=??:43?511.

]75\ Mrfgfr EJ, E`hfb GQ, LiMff L, Jupctfr J, LiDcbbcv`ry D, YwckhtmkwsmcLN. U-r`y ffbl lf`surflfhts nkr ef`bfg gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs. J E`hgYurd @l 033>=?0:903.

]73\ T`dhfr Jr TN, Wfhifr @N, Mcsfr Q, Wrulobf WF. Fnnfits kn chtr`-`rtciub`rgcst`b r`gcus gfprfssckh kh wrcst jkcht ikhtìt ie`rìtfrcstcis. J E`hg Yurd@l 033>=?0:667>1.

]61\ O`r`tz LF, Gfs J`rgchs J, @hgfrskh GG, Clorcdbc` JF. Gcspbìfg chtr`-`rtciub`r nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus: tef fnnfit kn nrìturf gcspbìflfhtkh ikhtìt strfssfs ch ` i`g`vfr lkgfb. J E`hg Yurd @l 033>=?0:0595.

B. Kofrt ft `b. / Iecrurdcf gf b` l`ch 90 (?10?) ?54?34?3>
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11/11

]60\ Or`gw`y JM, @l`gck QI, Ikkhfy TQ. Kpfh rfguitckh `hg chtfrh`bffx`tckh kn gcspbìfg, ikllchutfg chtr`-`rtciub`r nrìturfs kn tef gcst`bfhg kn tef r`gcus. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd @l 0353=40:59374.

]6?\ Mkpybkv Q, Jkehfbb K, _fgbuhg-Jkehfbb C, Ofhdhfr V. Nrìturfs kn tefgcst`b fhg kn tef r`gcus ch ykuhd `gubts: ` 91-yf`r nkbbkw-up. J E`hg YurdOr 0339=05:763.

]69\ Mhcrm JB, Jupctfr JO. Chtr`-`rtciub`r nrìturfs kn tef gcst`b fhg kn tef r`gcusch ykuhd `gubts. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd @l 035>=>5:>7463.

]67\ Lcss`mc`h LB, Ikkhfy TQ, @l`gck QI, Dbcgfwfbb EB. Kpfh rfguitckh`hg chtfrh b ffx tckh nkr gcst b r`gcus nrìturfs. J E`hg Yurd @l033?=04:47666.

]66\ I`t b`hk 9rg BT, Ikbf _J, Dfbofrl`h _E, Fv hknn O@, Dcbub`B@, Okrrfbbc Jr J. Gcspbìfg chtr`- rtciub`r nrìturfs kn tef gcst b`spfit kn tef r`gcus. Bkhd-tfrl rfsubts ch ykuhd `gubts `ntfr kpfhrfguitckh `hg chtfrh`b ffx`tckh. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd @l 0334=43:0?3191?.

]6>\ Nkrw`rg GQ, G`vcs W_, Yctekbf JY. Gk ykuhd p`tcfhts wcte l`b-uhctfgnrìturfs kn tef gcst`b r`gcus chfvctòby gfvfbkp sylptkl`tci pkst-trù-l`tci kstfk`rterctcs; J Okhf Jkcht Yurd Or ?115=31(6):>?394.

]64\ Tfrhfr NT, Dbcsskh __, Lurpey GJ, Q`blfr @M. Nkrif tr`hslcssckhtrkude tef gcst`b r`gck-ubh`r i`rp`b jkcht: fnnfit kn ubh`r bfhdtefhchd `hgsekrtfhchd. E`hgiecr Lcmrkiecr Qb`st Iecr 035>=05:9175.

]65\ @rk EW, Mkcvuhfh W. Lchkr `xc`b sekrtfhchd kn tef r`gcus `nnfits kutiklf

kn Ikbbfs nrìturfs trf`tlfht. J E`hg Yurd @l 0330=0>:93?5.]63\ E`r` W, Ekrcc F, @h MH, Ikkhfy TQ, Bchsiecfg _B, Fys I. Nkrif

gcstrcoutckh ìrkss wrcst jkcht: `ppbci tckh kn prfssurf-sfhsctcvf ikhguitcvfruoofr. J E`hg Yurd @l 033?=04:99374.

]>1\ Wrulobf W, Dbcsskh __, Yfòfr @^, Vro`hc`m J_. Nkrf`rl nkrif tr`hs-lcssckh `ntfr surdci`b trf`tlfht kn gcst`b r`gck-ubh`r jkcht gcskrgfrs. JE`hg Yurd @l 0354=0?:03>?1?.

]>0\ Nujc M, Efhlc W, M`hfl`tsu S, Lcsecrk W, Y`m`c W, Wfr`c W. Nrìturfs kntef gcst`b fhg kn r`gkus ch fbgfrby p`tcfhts: ` iklp`r`tcvf stugy kn

`h`tklci`b `hg nuhitckh b rfsubts. J Krtekp Yurd (Ekhd Mkhd)?11?=01:306.

]>?\ B`nkht`chf L, Gfbchif Q, E`rgy G, Yclkhs L. Chstòcbcty kn nrìturfs kntef bkwfrfhg kn r`gcus: ` prkpks kn ` sfrcfs kn 0>4 i`sfs. @it`KrtekpOfbd0353=66:?190>.

]>9\ Hfsoctt MY, N`cbb` JL, Bfs I. @ssfsslfht kn chstòcbcty nìtkrs ch `gubtgcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs. J E`hg Yurd @l ?117=?3:00?595.

]>7\ Bfkhf J, Oe`hg`rc L, @gcbc @, LiMfhzcf Y, Lkrk JM, Guhbkp _O.

Qrfgcitkrs kn f`rby `hg b`tf chstòcbcty nkbbkwchd ikhsfrv`tcvf trf`tlfht knfxtr`- rtciub r gcst b r`gcus nrìturfs. @rie Krtekp Wr ul` Yurd?117=0?7:9570.

]>6\ LiPuffh LL, LìB`rfh @, Ie`blfrs J. Wef v`buf kn rfl`hcpub`tchdIkbbfs nrìturfs. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd Or 035>=>5:?9?9.

]>>\ E hgkbb EE, L`gekm _. Ibksfg rfguitckh lftekgs nkr trf tchdgcst`b r`gc`b nrìturfs ch `gubts. Ikier`hf G`tò`sf Yyst _fv ?119=0:IG1194>9.

]>4\ Oyb HH, Mkebe sf T, Fhdfb D. Nuhitckh`b bclct`tckh cllfgc`tfby `ntfri`st cllkocbcz tckh `hg ibksfg rfguitckh kn gcst`b r`gcus nrìturfs:prfbclch`ry rfpkrt. J E`hg Wefr 0333=0?:?1000.

]>5\ Eu`rg Y, Bfibfri D, Yfrdfht Q, Yfrrf @, D`ssf H, Bfp`df G, ft `b. Gcst`br`gcus nrìturf wcte gkrs`b gcspbìflfht: ikrrfb`tckh oftwffh nuhitckh`bsikrf, rfguitckh qu`bcty `hg ffx`tckh. Iecr L`ch ?101=?3:9>>4?.

]>3\ _czzk I, Dfhfstft L, Qrugekllf L, Bf Hfh G. Bsckhs `sskicfs gf

b`rtciub`tckh _VG. _fv Iecr Krtekp ?110=54:0017.]41\ Ykufr JY, _chd G, L`tsiemf Y, @ugcdf B, L`rfht-Euofr L, Jupctfr JO,

ft `b. Fnnfit kn `h uhrfp`crfg nrìturf kn tef ubh`r stybkcg o`sf kh kutiklf`ntfr pb`tf-`hg-sirfw ffx`tckh kn ` gcst`b r`gc`b nrìturf. J Okhf Jkcht Yurd@l ?113=30:5915.

]40\ H`lo` J, Nujcw`r` W, Lur`sf W, Myk W, Y`tke C, Wsug` W. Chtr`-`rtciub`rgcst`b ubh`r nrìturfs `sskic`tfg wcte gcst`b r`gc`b nrìturfs ch kbgfr `gubts:f`rby fxpfrcfhif ch ffx`tckh kn tef r`gcus `hg bf`vchd tef ubh` uhffxfg. JE`hg Yurd Fur ?113=97:63?4.


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