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Vernica Guerrero Alumna de la Escuela Oficial de Idiomas de Melilla www.eoimelilla.com

EL FUTURO

Como tal, no existe un tiempo especfico de futuro en ingls, peroexisten distintos verbos y expresiones para referirnos a l.Una forma habitual de futuro en ingls tiene la siguiente estructura:

Sujeto + will + verbo

I will play/ Yo jugar

Como vemos, sta forma de futuro en ingls es bastante simple. De hecho, sueledenominarse FUTURO SIMPLE(Future Simple)

Podemos encontrarnos con otra forma auxiliar, vlida tambin para expresar elfuturo, que es 'shall'. En este caso, 'shall' sirve como auxiliar para la primerapersona del singular y plural emplendose 'will' para todas las dems. Tanto'shall' como 'will' pueden contraerse en sus formas afirmativa y negativa (You will

You'll).

'Shall' es menos utilizado, especialmente en Estados Unidos. En ingls moderno se

tiende a usar 'will' para todas las personas.

AFIRMATIVA NEGATIVA

I (shall / will) play

You will playHe will play

We (shall / will) play

You will playThey will play

Yo jugarT jugarsl jugarNosotros jugaremosVosotros jugareisEllos jugarn

I (shall / will) not play

You will not playHe will not play

We (shall / will) not play

You will not playThey will not play

Yo no jugarT no jugarsl no jugarNosotros no jugaremosVosotros no jugarisEllos no jugarn

En la forma interrogativa se invirte el orden de sujeto y auxiliar:

Will you play?/ Jugars?

La forma estructura de la forma interrogativa-negativa es:auxiliar + sujeto + not

Will you not play?/ No jugars?

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USO DEL FUTURO SIMPLE

Vamos a utilizarlo siempre que decidamos hacer algo justo cuando estamoshablando.

Cuando nos ofrecemos a hacer algo.

That bag looks heavy. Ill helpyou with it.

Cuando estamos de acuerdo con hacer algo.

A: You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back youve finished

with it?

B: Of course, Ill giveit to you this afternoon.

Cuando prometemos hacer algo.

Thanks for lending me the money. Ill payyou back on Friday.

I wont tellanyone what happened. I promise.

Cuando pedimos a alguien que haga algo.

Will youplease be quiet? Im trying to concentrate.

Will youshut the door, please?

EL FUTURO PROGRESIVO

Esta forma del futuro es usada en ingls con mayor frecuencia que en espaol. Suestructura es la siguiente:

Sujeto + futuro de 'to be' + gerundio del verbo a conjugar

Youwill be flyingto Paris tomorrow at this hour / Maana a esta hora estarsvolando hacia Paris

Las formas negativa, interrogativa e interrogativa-negativa se construyen de lamisma forma a la explicada para el futuro simple.

FORMA NEGATIVAFORMA

INTERROGATIVAFORMA INT. NEGATIVA

I shall / will not be

playing

no estar jugando

shall / will I be

playing?

estar jugando?

shall / will I not be

playing?

no estar jugando?

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USO DEL FUTURO PROGRESIVO

Sirve para indicar una accin que se desarrollar en el futuro. Pueden ser accioneso situaciones que no conocemos cundo exactamente se producirn aunquetambin puede expresar acciones ya planificadas y que se producirn en undeterminado momento.

They will be leaving tomorrow/ Ellos saldrn maana

EL FUTURO PERFECTO

Su estructura es la siguiente:

sujeto + futuro de 'to have' + participio

FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA FORMA INTERROGATIVA

I shall have playedYo habr jugado

I shall not have playedYo no habr jugado

Shall I have played?Habr jugado?

INTERROGATIVO-NEGATIVA: Shall I not have played?/ No habr jugado?

USO DEL FUTURO PERFECTO

Sirve para indicar la duracin de una accin. Expresa una accin que terminar enun determinado momento del futuro. Suele ir acompaado de la preposicin 'by'.

They will have written the novel by next month / Ellos habrn escrito lanovela el prximo mes.

EL FUTURO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO

Su estructura es la siguiente:

sujeto + futuro de 'to have' + participio de 'to be' + gerundio

FORMA AFIRMATIVA FORMA NEGATIVA

I shall have been playing I shall not have been playing

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Yo habr estado jugando Yo no habr estado jugado

FORMA INTERROGATIVA INTERROGATIVA-NEGATIVA

Shall I have been playing?

Habr estado jugando?Shall I not have been playing?

No habr estado jugando?

USO DEL FUTURO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO

Sirve para expresar acciones que se desarrollan hasta un momento determinadodel futuro en el que pueden finalizar o no.

Next year I shall have been studying ten years/ El ao prximo llevar diezaos estudiando.

OTRAS FORMAS DE EXPRESAR EL FUTURO

- El Presente como futuro.

En ingls, al igual que en espaol, podemos emplear tiempos del presente parahablar del futuro.

El Presente Simple puede ser usado para hablar de acciones conocidas deantemano o planificadas (que no dependen de nuestra voluntad).

Our holidays begin in August / Nuestras vacaciones comienzan en agostoYour flight leaves at 17:15 on Monday/ Su vuelo sale a las 17:15 el lunes

- El Presente progresivo o Presente continuo como futuro.

Cuando hablamos de planes, proyectos, citas, etc. utilizamos el Presentecontinuo.

We're playing football this afternoon/ Vamos a jugar al ftbol esta tarde

- El futuro con 'going to'

Es una forma muy habitual para referirse a una accin relativa a una intencin ouna decisin que se haba tomado con anterioridad. Al igual que el PresenteProgresivo se puede utilizar para expresar planes, citas, etc.

Are you going to take the car tonight?/ Vas a coger el coche esta noche?

- Con 'to be' + infinitivo

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Para indicar lo que est programado para el futuro

The president is to meet the congressmen tomorrow/ El presidente se

reunir con los congresistas maana

- Con 'to have to'(tener que)

I have to go to the dentist/ Tengo que ir al dentista

EJERCICIOS DE FUTURO

EXERCISE 1 Complete the sentences with I'LL +AN APPROPRIATE VERB

Example: I'm too tired to walk home. I think I'll takea taxi.

1.I'm a little hungry. I think ................................. something to eat.

2.It's too late to call Tom now. ................................. him in the morning.

3."It's a bit cold in this room". "Is it? ................................. on the heat then."

4."We don't have any milk." "Oh, we don't? ................................. and get some."

5."Did you write that letter to Jack?". "Oh, I forgot. Thanks for reminding me. ..............................

it tonight."

6."Would you like tea or coffee?" " ................................. coffee, please."

EXERCISE 2 Use I THINK I'LL ... or I DON'T THINK I'LL ...Read the situation first and then write your sentence.

Examples:It's cold. You decide to close the window. I think I'll close the window.It's raining. You decide not to go out. I don't think I'll go out.

1.You feel tired. You decide to go to bed.

I ..................................................................................................................................

2.A friend of yours offers you a ride home, but you decide to walk.

Thank you, but ...............................................................................................................

3.You arranged to play tennis. Now you decide that you don't want to play.

....................................................................................................................................

4.You were going to go swimming. Now you decide that you don't want to go.

....................................................................................................................................

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EXERCISE 3 AGREE and PROMISE to do things

Example:A: Can you clean the windows? B: Sure, I'll clean them this afternoon.

A: Do you promise? B: Yes, I promise I'll clean them this afternoon.

1.A: Can you call me later? B: Sure, .................................................... tonight.

A: Do you promise? B: Yes, ...............................................................................................

2.A: Can you fix the clock? B: Okay, .................................................... tomorrow.

A: Do you promise? B: Yes, ..............................................................................................

3.A: Please don't tell anyone. B: All right, I won't tell anyone.

A: Do you promise? B: ....................................................................................................

4.A: Please don't hurt me. B: Don't worry, ....................................................

A: Do you promise? B: ....................................................................................................

EXERCISE 4

What do you say to your friend in these situations? Use the words given in

brackets. Use the present continuous (I m doing), going to... or will (I'll)

1. You have made all your holiday arrangements. Your destination is Jamaica.FRIEND: Have you decided where to go for your holiday yet?YOU: yes,Im going to Jamaica (I/ go)

2. You have made an appointment with the dentist for Friday morning.FRIEND: Shall we meet on Friday morning?

YOU-.I can't on Friday ........................................................................................ (I/ go)

3. You and some friends are planning a holiday in Britain. You have decided to hire a car but

you haven't arranged this yet.

FRIEND: How do you plan to travel round Britain? By train?

YOU: No,............................................................................................................ (we/ hire)

4. Your friend has two young children. She wants to go out tomorrow evening. You offer to look

after the children.FRIEND: I want to go out tomorrow evening but I haven't got a baby-sitter.

YOU: That's no problem .................................................................................... (I/ look after)

5. You have already arranged to have lunch with Sue tomorrow.

FRIEND: Are you free at lunchtime tomorrow?

YOU: No .......................................................................................................... (have lunch)

6. You are in a restaurant. You and your friend are looking at the menu. You ask your friend if

He/she has decided what to have.YOU: What...................................................................................................... ? (you/ have)FRIEND. I don't know. I can't make up my mind.

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7. You and a friend are reading. Its getting a bit dark and your friend is finding t difficult toread. You decide to turn on the light.FRIEND: It's getting a bit dark, isn't it? It's difficult to read.

YOU:................................................................................................................. (I/ turn on)

8. You and a friend are reading. It's getting a bit dark and you decide to turn on the light. You

stand up and walk towards the light switch.

FRIEND: What are you doing?

YOU:................................................................................................................. (I/ turn on)

EXERCISE 5

Put the verb in the most suitable form.Choose from the following:

present continuous (I am doing) will ('ll)/ won't

present simple (I do) will be doing

going to (I'm going to do) shall

1. I feel a bit hungry. I think .................................................. (I/ have) something to eat.

2. Why are you putting on your coat?............................................ (you/ go) somewhere?

3. What time .................................................... (I/ phone) you this evening? About 7.30?

4. Look! That plane is flying towards the airport................................................. (it/ land).

5. We must do something soon, before..................................................... (it/ be) too late.

6. I'm sorry you've decided to leave the company..... ........................... (l/ miss) youwhen............................................................ (you/go).

7. .................................................... (I/ give) you my address? lf ....................... ... ........................... (I/ give) you my address,........................................ (you/ write) to me?

8.

Are you still watching that programme? What time........................................... (it/end)?

9. ...................................... (I/go) to London next weekend for a wedding. My sister

.................... ............................................. (get) married.

10.I'm not ready yet..................................... (I/ tell) you when.......................................(I/ be) ready. I promise................................................ (I/ not/ be) very long.

11.She was very rude to me. I refuse to speak to her again until ........................................

(she/ apologise).

12.I wonder where................................................. (we/ live) ten years from now?

13.What do you plan to do when.................................................................. (you/ finish)

your course at college?

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