Estructuras Ingles 2

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    Tense Examples

    Present simple Water boils at 100 c. I dont like math. Does

    Henry work here?

    Imperative Stop! Please be quit! Dont do that!

    Present Progressive Ruth is watching TV. They arent stuying. Are

    you waiting for me?

    Past simple I finished my homework an hour ago. It didnt

    work. Did you call me Nancy.

    Used to I used to be a dancer. Rose didnt use to like

    baseball. Did you used to live in Texas?

    Be Going to Im Going to get a job. Amy isnt Going to call.

    Are you Going to eat that?

    Adverd Meaning Examples

    Ever In Question: at any time up to

    now

    Have you ever written a cover

    letter

    Never At no time up to now Ive never been here before

    How long In questions: for what period

    of time

    How long have you worked

    here?

    For A period of time: tells the

    lenght

    Ive worked for six months

    Since A point in time:gives the

    beginning of a time period

    Ive worked here since May

    Too/Enough (tan/ suficiente)1. Use too to indicatate tha something is extreme or exaggered:

    Subject + am/is/are + too + adjective + complement

    2. Use enough to indicate that something is sufficient:Subject + am/is/are + enough + adjective + complement

    Do no use too when you mean really/very in a positive tense.

    Should have (debi haber)Subject + should have/shouldnt have + past participle + complement

    Direct speech Reported speech

    Simple present:I make friends easily Simple past: Johnny said he made friends easily

    Present Progressive: Im looking forward to my

    next movie

    Past Progressive: Freddie said he was looking

    forward to his next movie.

    Simple past: That movie was my acting class Past perfect: He told us that that movie had

    been his acting class.

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    Past Progressive: Iwas looking out of the

    window

    Past perfect Progressive: She told us she had

    been looking out of the window.

    Present perfect:Ive watched videos of

    Madonna

    Past perfect: she explained that she had

    watched videos of Madonna.

    Will:Ill play Spiderman in a movie someday Would: He said he would play Spiderman in a

    movie someday.

    Am/are/ Going to: Im going to be a superstar Was/ were/Going to: He said he was Going to a

    superstar.

    Would/should/might: Iwould love to be a

    superhero.

    Would/should /might: Fredie told us that he

    would love to be a superhero.

    Shall: Shall I open the window Should: He asked if he should open the

    window.

    Can/may/must: You can be friends with me

    until the end of time

    Can/may/must or hat to: he said I could be

    friends with him until the end of time.

    Verb Definition Common noun phrases

    Speak To use your voice to talk; to

    use a particular language

    Give a speak

    Talk ( to someone; about

    something)

    To use Words to communicate

    orally; to have a conversation.

    Have a / give a talk

    Argue (with about) To speak to someone in an

    angry way because you

    disagree.

    Have an argument

    Discuss To talk about a specific topic

    with someone.

    Have a discussion

    Direct question Indirect QuestionDo you like dancing? She asked him if he liked dancing.

    Where are you from? She asked him where he was from.

    Whould you like to go out with me? She asked him if he would like to go out with her?

    What is your favorite sport? She asked him what his favorite sport***

    Have/ Get (informal conversation)Use a causative to talk about something that someone does for you. As causative, have and get

    mean almost the same thing. Use get in informal conversations. Causative have and get can be

    used in any tense.

    Subject + have/get + Object + past participle + complement

    Because/so (porque/entonces)

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    Result Reason

    I dont buy a lot of clothes because I dont have much extra money

    Reason Result

    I dont have much extra money so I dont buy a lot of clothes

    Relative clauses Which/ Who / ThatUse the relative pronoun whoor thatif the relative clause describes a person.

    Use the relative pronoun whichor thatif the relative clause describes a thing.

    Main clause Relative clause

    Subject Verb Complement

    This is the girl who wants to meet you

    There are the photographs which were taken at the wedding.

    Main clause Relative pronoun Subject Verb Complement

    These are the people that Joe wants to meet

    That is the photo that I want to see

    Past perfect (had) ( haba, habamos, haban)Subject + had + past participle + complement

    Verb + gerundI miss living near the ocean

    Verb + preposition + gerundSubject + be + adjective preposition + gerund

    I am thinking about buying a guitar

    Talking about hopes, accomplishements, regretsI regret not helping my brother with his school project.

    Gerund as SubjectSubject (gerund) Verb Complement

    Hunting is not my favorite sport

    Training for the Olympics takes real dedication

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    When Cuando

    While Mientras

    After Despus

    Before Antes

    As soon as Tan pronto como

    Until Hasta

    May have/ might have (Pudieron haber)May have and might have mean the same thing. Might have is a little more common.

    Subject + might have/may have + past participle + complement

    Zero conditionalUse the zero conditional to talk about situations with results that are generally true, all the time.

    Use the zero conditionalwith an imperative, to give advice or instructions.

    Giving advice:If you have a problema, talk to someone about it.

    Question tagsQuestion tags can use ane verb tense and modals will, can, would, should and could. We do not

    usually use may, might or must in Question tags.

    1 You are Mexican, arent you?2 Luisa lives in Veracruz, doesnt she?3 We wont study for the exam, will we?4 Maries is waiting for us, isnt she?5 We have studied hand, havent we? Third conditional

    Use the third conditional to talk about hypothetical situations in the past.

    If clause ( past perfect) Main clause (would have/ wouldnt have ) + verb simple form

    If I had your number, I would have called you

    If Toby hadnt invited me, I wouldnt have gone

    Use wish + the past perfect to express regrets you have now about the past.

    Subject + wish/wishes Second clause (past perfect)

    I wish I had had your number.

    I wish He hadnt invited me.

    Next Siguiente

    Then Entonces

    Finally Por fin/ finalmente

    Afther that Despues de eso

    First Primero