Estandarizacion en Voladura - Morococha - Exsa.ppt

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    ESTANDARIZACION

    EN VOLADURA

    MINA MOROCOCHA

      C T V E

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    FundamentosFundamentos 

    Optimización de los pocedimientos de

    !olad"a anteiomente aplicados en mina#paa lle$a a patones de ma%o e&iciencia#los '"e se implementaan en todos lossectoes de la "nidad

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    Enfoque :Enfo

    que :

    Red"cción de costos inte$ales de la opeación '"ecompende ( !olad"a# sostenimiento# paleo % acaeo#en )ase a la me*o selección % aplicación del e+plosi!o enelación a la cali&icación de la oca , Apo%ada po lae&iciencia en los pocedimientos de dise-o# pe&oación#ca$".o# ta'"eo % amae del sistema de iniciación#

    dependientes &"ndamentalmente de la /a)ilidad %esponsa)ilidad del pesonal in!ol"cado en todas las&ases de ta)a*o,

    En el caso patic"la de Mina Moococ/a# el ta)a*o

    de estandaización e&ect"ado po ceca de "n a-opo pesonal de Mina % de E0SA# consistió en seiesde p"e)as con dispaos asistidos# !aiandopa1metos de pe&oación % ca$a /asta lle$a a los!aloes ecomendados paa cada &ente# los '"e se

    incl"%en en "n epote con*"nto# del c"alesentaemos al "nos as ectos ,

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    ELEMENTOS FUNDAMENTALES DE

    LA VOLADURA DE ROCAS

    1. Condición y estructura de la roca.

    . !er"oración # Dise$o de %alla y arran&ue.

      # 'a(ilidad del )er"orista.

    *. Selección del e+)losi,o adecuado.-. Secuencia de salidas.

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    Se &a)ican con di&eentes caacte.sticas comopotencia# esistencia al a$"a % simpat.a2 asimismode di&eentes dimensiones se$3n e'"eimiento de

    la mina,

    4od"ctos '".micos '"e enciean"n enome potencial de ene$.a,

    Reaccionan instant1neamente con$an !iolencia# )a*o la acción de

    &"lminante " oto est.m"lo e+teno,

     5"ete e&ecto de impacto '"e tit"a la oca,

    6an !ol"men de $ases '"e se e+panden con$an ene$.a desplazando los &a$mentos,

    6enean

    E04LOSIVOSE04LOSIVOS

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    !C

    ONDA DE REFLE/0N

    ONDA DEREFLE/0N 2 3ASES ENE/!ANS0N

    ENSANC'AM0ENTODEL TALADRO

    D0RECC0N DEAVANCE DE LADETONAC0N

    ROCA NOALTERADA

    ROCA NOALTERADA

    4R

    !C5 !lano de C6a)%an ou7et

    4R5 4ona de Reacción

    FC5 Frente de C6o&ue

    FC

    ROCA COM!R0M0DA

    CA0DA DE!RES0N 0N0C0AL

    !ROCESOS DE DETONAC0N DE UNA CAR3A E/!LOS0VA

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    COM!OS0C0N 3ENERAL DE LOSCOM!OS0C0N 3ENERAL DE LOSE/!LOS0VOS EN EL MERCADOE/!LOS0VOS EN EL MERCADO

    COM!OS0C0N 3ENERAL DE LOSCOM!OS0C0N 3ENERAL DE LOSE/!LOS0VOS EN EL MERCADOE/!LOS0VOS EN EL MERCADO

    3RU!O3RU!O O/0DANTEO/0DANTE COM8UST08LECOM8UST08LE SENS080L04ADORSENS080L04ADOR

    Dina%itas Nitrato dea%onio9%olido:

    'arina de %adera9celulosa:

    Nitro7licerinaNitrocelulosa

    E%ulsiones Nitrato dea%onio 9ensolución:

    !etróleo; aceites;e%ulsi"icantes

    Aire; 7as 9contenidoen %icroes"eras:

    ANFO Nitrato dea%onio 9)rills:

    !etróleo Aire 9contenido enlos )oros del )rill:

    ANFO)esado

    Nitrato dea%onio 9)rillsy en solución:

    !etróleo; aceites yotros

    Aire 9de los )rills delANFO:

    3ASES N0TROSOS3ASES N0TROSOS MONO/0DO 2 OTROSMONO/0DO 2 OTROS

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    !RODUCTOS E/!LOS0VOS E/SA

    •  D0NAM0TAS

    3elatinas

    •  EMULS0ONES

    E/!LOS0VOS T0!OS EEM!LOS

    •  ANFOS

    3elatina Es)ecial

    Se%i7elatinas   Se%e+sa

    !ul,erulentas   E+adit

    Es)eciales   E+sacorte # 3eodit

    Sensi(les encartuc6adas  E+a7el 9)lAn"o:   Slurre+ A!

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      No sensi(les al detonador5

    •  E%ulsiones

    • A7entes de ,oladura7ranulados

      Sensi(les al detonador5

    •  Dina%itas

    •  E%ulsiones

    !RODUCTOS E/!LOS0VOS E/SA

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    !ERFORAC0N!ERFORAC0N

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    CONDICIONES FUNDAMENTALESEN PERFORACIÓN

    A. Di

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    ERRORES EN !ERFORAC0N

    •  'UECO DE AL0V0O 9D0?METRO MU2 !E@UEO:

    •  DESV0AC0ONES EN EL !ARALEL0SMO

    AVANCE

    •  ES!AC0AM0ENTOS 0RRE3ULARES

    •  0RRE3ULAR LON30TUD DE LOS TALADROSAVANCE

    •  0NTERSECC0ON ENTRE TALADROS

    AVANCE SO8RECAR3A

    S0N CAR3A

    •  SO8RECAR3A 9E/CES0VA DENS0DAD DE CAR3A:SO8RECAR3A

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    Arran&ue con (uen )aralelis%oArran&ue con (uen )aralelis%o

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    Taladros Alineados

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    A,ance de B a 1de e"iciencia

    Resultados con (uen )aralelis%oy lon7itud en la )er"oración

    Lon7itud del taladro

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    8uena Voladura

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                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          R                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              N                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              T                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              D                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          E

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              P                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          E                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          R                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          F                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     O                     

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              R                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           A

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 C                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              I                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Ó                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               N                     

    TALADRO DE ALIVIO

    TALADROS

    INFLUENCIA DE LA LONGITUD DELOS TALADROS EN LA VOLADURA

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    Arran&ue con de"iciente )aralelis%oArran&ue con de"iciente )aralelis%o

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    Taladros no alineadose inclinados

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    Menor a,ance del dis)aro )or des,iación del taladro

    Lon7itud de taladro

    Resultados con de"iciente )aralelis%o

    Tacos

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    So(re e+ca,ación

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    VOLADURAS EN FRENTES

    SU8TERR?NEOS

    ARRAN@UES

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    1

    1

    1

    *

    *

    *-

    -

    -

    DESARROLLO DEL 8ANCO ANULAR

    NOMENCLATURA DE TNEL

    Contorno

    NGcleo

    Arran&ue

    c

    (a

    8

    c

    (

    a

    c

    (

    a

    8

    !iso del tGnel 9Cresta del 8anco:

    8ANCOTGnelsi%)le

    TGnelen dos

    eta)as

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    MHTODOS DE CORTE

    Los ti)os de tra=os de )er"oración )ara"or%ar la cara li(re o ca,idad son5

    1. Cortes con taladros en dia7onal o en

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    CORTE EN CUA 'OR04ONTAL O VERT0CAL

    AAI

    A

    AI

    JK

    CORTE EN A8AN0CO AL !0SO O LATERAL

    A AI

    A

    AI

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    CORTE EN !ARALELO

    AIA

    A

    AI

    COND0C0ONES FUNDAMENTALES5

    1. Distancia esti%ada del ali,io al )ri%er taladro de arran&ue.. Secuencia de salida.

    8

    8 1; a 1;de 1 a * c%

    Donde es el di

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    EEM!LOS DE CORTE @UEMADO

    EEM!LOS !ARA L0M0TAR EL EFECTO DE S0M!AT0AENTRE LOS TALADROS

    a ( dc

    a c d(

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    TRA4OS DE ARRAN@UE !ARA TNELES

    Talado de alivio  Taladro caradoLEYENDA

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    VOLADURAVOLADURA

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    CMO A!ROVEC'ARCMO A!ROVEC'ARMEOR LA ENER30A DE LAMEOR LA ENER30A DE LA

    MASA E/!LOS0VAMASA E/!LOS0VAEN EL TALADROEN EL TALADRO

    - Ce(ado e"iciente 9E+)losi,o y orientación del "ul%inante:

    - Con"ina%iento 9Aco)la%iento y taco:

    - Distancia entre taladros 9Rotura Radial:

    - Secuencia de Salidas

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    DETONAC0ND0RECTA

    DETONAC00ND0RECTA

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    Car7a E+)losi,a

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    Car7a E+)losi,a

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    DETONAC0ND0RECTA

    DETONAC0N0ND0RECTA

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    CO O S CO O

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    1) Un explosivo de Ø 6” en un taladro de Ø 6” 2) Un explosivo de Ø 2” en un taladro de Ø 2”

    3) Un explosivo de Ø 2” en un taladro de Ø 6” (desacoplamiento en aire)

    4) Un explosivo de Ø 2” en un taladro de Ø 6” (desacoplamiento en agua)

    Dm = 6”

    De  = 6”

    Dm = 6”

    De  = 2”

    Dm = 6”

    De  = 2”

    Dm = 2”

    De  = 2”

    Aire

    Agua

    1.0

    0

    0.25

    0.50

    0.75

      D  E

      F  O  R  M  A  C  I   Ò  N  R  E  L  A

      T  I  V  A

      (  m  i  c  r  o -  p  u  l   .  !  p  u  l  

     .  "

    Efecto de Desacoplamiento Aire y Agua vs. Taladros con Acoplamiento del100 % a una distancia d = 91 cm.

     ACO!LAM0ENTO 2 DESACO!LAM0ENTOACO!LAM0ENTO 2 DESACO!LAM0ENTO

    Distancia d = 91 cm.

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    TACO

    COLUMNA DE CAR3A COM!R0M0DA

    0NTRODUCC0N DE LA CAR3A E/!LOS0VA

    e"ecto de retPn

    DETONADOR

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    AD!" DE !#$&E#'!A

    (!# TA'" '"# TA'"

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    ES@UEMA DE A3R0ETAM0ENTO RAD0AL DE LAES@UEMA DE A3R0ETAM0ENTO RAD0AL DE LAROCA 2 LA 0NFLUENC0A DE TALADROSROCA 2 LA 0NFLUENC0A DE TALADROS

    CONT03UOSCONT03UOS

     Base para el criterio de espaciamiento y burden)

    Base para el criterio de espaciamiento y burden)

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    !RODUCTOS E/SA !ARA 0N0C0AC0N

    •  0N0C0ADORES

    Ful%inante si%)le

    •  TRANSM0SORES

    ACCESOR0OS T0!OS

    •  RETARDADORES

    Q J # Q Detonador elPctrico de retardo   Serie S! # L!

    Detonador no elPctrico deretardo

    Serie S! # L!

    Serie Gnica # E/EL

    De su)er"icie )ara cordóndetonante

    Ti)o 'ueso

    Ti)o Nonel

    Detonador electrónico de%icroretardo

    UN0#Tronic0#on

    Mec6a de se7uridad

    Mec6a r

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    1 *

    -

    J

    B

    1 11

    1

    1-1

    1*

    1J

    11 1B

    FRENTE

    CORTELON30TUD0NAL

    SAL0DA DELARRAN@UE

    1-1 y 1J

    1 y 11

    -

    1

    1

    y B

    1

    1 y 1*

    y *

    ARRAN@UE !ARALELO

    TEM!OR04AC0N5 EFECTOS DE LA SAL0DA SECUENC0AL

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    !A

    !A

    !A !A

    SECUENC0A DE SAL0DASSECUENC0A DE SAL0DAS

    15A15A

    9A

    9A

    9A

    9A

    9A

    9A

    13A 13A13A

    "A "A "A"A

    #A#A

    #A #A!R 

    !R 

    $A$A11A

    11A

    11A

    11A

    11A11A

    11A

    %R  %R 

    %A

    %A

    %A

    %A

    Ee%)loEe%)lo

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    EJEMPLOS DE

    ESTANDARIZACIONPROPUESTOS

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    UNIDD !INE"!#"#$#$%

    CODICIADA

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    CARRIZO DE 15 CM

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    UNIDD !INE"!#"#$#$%

    MANTO ITALIA

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    UNIDD !INE"!#"#$#$%

    MANUELITA

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    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7

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    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7VOLADURA EN TA8EOS

    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7

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    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7VOLADURA EN TA8EOS

    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7

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    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7VOLADURA EN TA8EOS

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    UNIDD !INE"!#"#$#$%

     YACUMINA

    MINA YACUMINA

    Est

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    B

    E

    Malla Cuadrada :

    1.- D!"r#u$%& Malla d' a$u'rd( al

    a&$)( d' M&ad(.

    *.- L(&+"ud d' 'r(ra$%&. '! /1.*02 I34 , ME45 '! /1.502 I34R 6 M34R-3

    S'+u& $(&d$(&'! &'ral GSI.

    7.- Car+u8( d' "aladr(!.

     

    Est

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    3.S.0 RMR

    MALLA D0NAM0TASEME/SA

    CAR3U0O1-c% TACODi

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    MALLA EST9NDAR ( SU: ; NIVEL

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    SECCION ( ,

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    SECCION ( ,

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    ESTANDAR DE 4ER5ORACION 7VOLADURA EN TA8EOS EN :REASTIN6

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    CTVE A3RADECE SU !ART0C0!AC0NCTVE A3RADECE SU !ART0C0!AC0N