MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA, DE RECURSOS NATURALES Y DEL DESARROLLO RURAL(MARNDR)

DIRECCION DE RECURSOS FORESTALES Y SUELOS (DRFS)

Taller de lanzamiento de la Alianza Mundial por el suelo: hacia la Prevencion y Restaucion de suelos degradados en

Centro America y el Caribe

Estado, Prioridades y Necesidad para el Manejo sostenible de suelos en Haiti

Technical STAFF

Donald Joseph, Jocelyn Louissaint, Jean Serge Antoine, Oge Pierre-Louis, Karly Jean Jeune, Ernso

Thomas, Rose Erda Eugene, Joseph Hans Guillaume, Joseph Dievilhomme Denis

Havana, Cuba del 30 de Septiembre al 3 de Octubre 2013

HAITI ES UN PAIS DE CUENCASHaiti has a forest cover ranges from

1.5-2%

Watershed Priorities

ARBOL DE LOS PROBLEMAS

Efecto negativo Cambio climatico

Diminucion de la produccion Agricola

Erosion acelerada de tierras

Diminucion de ingresos de los

agricultores

Exodo rural

Inseguridadde tenencia

de tierra

Desastres Naturales

Mal manejo y uso de tierras

Deforestacion excesiva

Poco acceso a los servicios de Base

Apoyo tecnico inadecuado

Ley de Marco legal de Manejo de Recursos

Naturales no aplicada o no actualizada

Ineficiencia de los programas de

conservacion de suelos

Empobrecimiento Creciente del mundo rural

Diminucion de la fertilidad de suelos

Modo de tenencia de

tierra

The World Bank study on the management of natural resources in Haiti from 1990 estimates of soil losses for some watersheds ranging from 7.5 MT / ha. / Year to 750 MT / ha. / Year. The report also indicates that loss of the order of 12 to 150 MT / ha. / Year can be seen in many parts of the country

1.First observations

• Few national studies on soil survey

• Some studies mainly related to soil fertility and

management (Fertilization and plant nutrition) -

MARNDR/PPI – MARNDR-KR2-

WINNER/USAID - UNEP et Columbia U. Earth

Institute

• Some soil studies at regional level.

2. Main regional soil studies

Soil survey at the Artibonite Valley, 1926

• Exclusively conducted for food production

mainly rice

• Good data on soil fertility

• No soil classification

• Not related to other utilization.

Technical and Economical report on the Development

of the Artibonite Valley, 1950

• Follow-up of the previous study

• Same objectives

• No soil classification

The « Cul-de-Sac Plain : Irrigation, Drainage and Flood

Control Development 1956)

• Study limited to provide to support agricultural

production and to control flooding in the area;

• No data on soil classification;

• No recommendation on urbanism.

« Survey on soil and water at Gonaïves Plain and the

North West Department » UN: (FAO/SF : 45/HAI-3

Vol.2 Pédologie, 1969)

• Study related to soil and water conservation and

utilization through a FAO project with specific emphasis

on agriculture

• No classification aspect.

“ Northern Haiti: Land, Land Use and Settlement” “A

Geographical Investigation of the Department du

Nord” (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963)

• First study related to land use including urbanization

• No detailed data on soil classification

Soil survey at the Limbé watershed for the project on

mountain agriculture (1979-1980 : MARNDR/FAO)

• Good soil fertility study

• Accurate for agricultural activities

• No data on soil classification

• No recommendation on land use

Soil Inventory of the Acul-Dubreuil watershed,

1980, PDAI (MARNDR /USAID)

• Done mainly for soil conservation and

agricultural production

• No data on soil classification

• Very limited area.

3. National soil studies

Soil survey conducted by OEA (Integrated Technical

Assistant Mission 1972)

• Study contains much more information that the

previous ones – limited application

• Covers the entire country, but conducted at very

small scale

• Very limited data on soil chemical properties

• Recommendations on soil potentialities.

Soil Inventory by BDPA/SCETAGRI en 1982

(MPCE)

• The unique soil classification study which covers

the entire country

• Very small scale with much extrapolation

• Low level of precision because of limited field

work – mostly based on 1978 aerial photos

• Strongly needs to be up dated

CMc Calcaric Cambisols

CMe Eutric Cambisols

CMx Chromic Cambisols

LVh Haplic Luvisols

LXh Haplic Lixisols

LXh Haplic Lixisols

VRe Eutric Vertisols

4. Conclusions

• Soil studies produce maps at small scale that

provide general information:

• Lack of details for farmers, agricultural

entrepreneurs, planners of soil utilization,

engineers, environmental specialists and

business that need accurate information on

soils.

Haiti soil profiles from selected fertility studies

1. Overview of Haiti morphology

Overview (cont.)

• Haiti: mountainous western third of the Island of

Hispaniola 27,750 sq. Km

• Approximately 63% of all lands have slopes greater than

20%, and only 29% have slopes of less than 10%.

• Less than 20% of the land under cultivation is well

appropriate for agriculture

1. Overview (cont.)•Predominantly

calcareous parental

materials

•Some basaltic

materials in several

areas of the country

2. Landscapes (Kenscoff, Savane désolée)

2. Landscapes (Ennery-Quinte)

2. Landscape (Sedren)

2. Another landscape (South)

3. Flat lands (Central Plateau)

3. Flat lands at Vital (North West)

3. Flat lands (Artibonite valley)

4. Haiti soil suborder map (USDA, 2010)

5. Selected soil profiles and cultivated

areas

Soil distribution in Haiti shows great variability, because

of the Geomorphology and significant differences in

rainfall. Calcareous soils from sedimentary rocks

predominate, however, across the country and more

than 80% of the territory, the rest being made up of

materials of volcanic origin.

Profile of a soil type at Los Posos (Center)

Black surface layer on top

of light yellow materials

Profile of a soil type at Papaye

Uniformed yellow

color profile with coarse materials

Hydromorphic soil

Stable alluvial soil profile (Saint-Louis)

Uniformed gray color profile with rocks at the bottom

Humic soil profiles at Bohoc

Humic soil profiles (Fond Blanc)

Soil with vertic characteristics

Hillside soil type (Belladère)

Stable soil profile at Terrier Rouge

Moderate rate

of OM (3,5%

Light yellow soil surface profile (Lassine)

Uniformed soil profile (Trou du Nord)

Another soil type profile (Roche Plate

Cultivated soil (Kenscoff)

• Project Activities Enhancement soil and Crop

Productivity

Programa de Manejo Racional de Fertilizantes

• Base de Datos sur la Distribucion de los Fertilizantes

• Base de Datos sobre el uso y aplicaciones de los Fertilizantes

•Recomendaciones de Formulas de fertilizantes

•Evaluacion de Tasas de Erosion de Suelos y Tecnicas de

conservacion de suelos

Activities already carried out in Soil Management and Crop productivity

Activities already carried out in Soil Management and Crop productivity

CONCLUSION

•Wide range of soil types

•Large range of orders and suborders

•Different levels of potentialities

•Various ecological niches

•Several tropical crop systems

•High variety of crops

PRIORIDADES DEL MINISTERIO DE AGRICULTURA DE

HAITI EN EL MARCO DEL MANEJO SOSTENIBLE DE

SUELOS

RETOS A FUTUROS

Adaptacion al Cambio

Aumento de la produccion Agricola

Diminucion de Erosion des tierras

Aumento de ingresos los agricultores

Migracion Controlada

Seguridad en tenencia

de tierra

Impacto mitigado de desastres Naturales

Buen Manejo y uso de tierras

Reforestacion

Acceso a los servicios de base: educacion y salud

Apoyo tecnico adecuado y optimo

Ley sobre manejo de los recursos naturales

actualizada

Eficacidad de los programas de

conservacion de suelos

Diminution du niveau de pauvrete en milieu rural

Mejoramiento de la fertilidad de suelos

°

1.Desarrollo de un programma de Manejo Integral de suelos:

• Clasificacion de los suelos en todo el pais

•Implentacion de programas de conservacion de suelo y

Modelos de manejo para diversas zonas agroecologicas de

montanias,

•Aptitud de los suelos del pais,

•Promocion e incitaciones a los agricultores hacia las buenas

practicas agricolas

•4. Actualizacion de las Leyes existentes sobre el manejo

sustentable de Tierras

•°

Thank you very much for your attention