Español 1º RIEB Alumno 2011-2012

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Eqrnþmc

R | d o e | h | n ` m



EþR| doe| h |n`m

Qea|epn|ïn `e E`uanadñg Rûlcdan



Eqpn e`dadñg è Eqrnþmc' R|doe| h|n`m iue èqn||mccn`n rm| cn @d|eaadñg Hege|nc è Onpe|dnceq Eùanpdymq &`hoe$#è cn Qulqea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Lîqdan'

Qea|epn|ïn ̀ e Eùanadñg Rûlcdan

Ncmgqm Cuknoldm D|n{îlnc

Qulqea|epn|ïn ̀ e Eùanadñg Lîqdan

Kmqä Ie|gng`m Hmg{îce{ Qîgafe{

@d|eaadñg Hege|nc ̀ e Onpe|dnceq Eùanpdymq

On|ïn E`dpf Le|gîcè{ \eteq

Amm|`dgnadñg päagdam/re`nhñhdanOn|ïn A|dqpdgn On|pïge{ Oe|an`m Ngn Cdcdn \moe|m Yî{~ue{ Ncevdq Hmg{îce{ @uc{ndèq

Nupm|nq Nu|m|n Amgquecm Fe|gîgè{ Fe|gîgè{# On|pfn Ku`dpfM|mq Cueghm# Fdc`n E`dpf Reccepde| On|pïge{# Ecd{nlepf \mknqQnore|dm# E|djn On|hn|dpn Ydapm|dn Ngntn# Cu{ Noä|dan Ydye|mq Ngntn'

\eydqm|eq päagdam/re`nhñhdamqGnpdyd`n` Fe|oecdg`n \mknq Yecî{~ue{# Yd|hdgdn Pegm|dm Qdc# Ngpmgdm Lcngam Ce|ïg# Ng`|en Od|ng`n Lng`n# Nl|nfnoHn|aïn Reþn# Gm|on Hun`ncure \noï|e{ Qngnl|dn

Nqeqm|eqCmu|èq Non|m Om|egm# Cepdadn On|ïn è cmq ÎgheceqHmg{îce{ N||e`mg`m# Mqan| Rncnadmq Aelnccmq

Amm|`dgnadñg e`dpm|dnc@d|eaadñg E`dpm|dnc# `hoe-qer Ncekng`|m Rm|pdccn è Lueg# Rnlcm On|pïge{#Eqpfe| Rä|e{ Hu{oîg

Aud`n`m e`dpm|dnc Atgpdn \ud{

R|mùaadñg e`dpm|dncOn|pïg Nhudcn| Hnccehmq

Im|onadñgOn|ïn ̀ ec Qnh|n|dm Îydcn On|adnc

Rm|pn`n@dqeþm ̀ e amceaadñg; An|cmq Rncced|mDcuqp|nadñg ̀ e rm|pn`n; Hnl|decn Rmèqpî

R|doe|n e`dadñg# <2>2R|doe|n e`dadñg |eydqn`n# adacm eqamcn| &<2>>/<2><$@'\' ¤ Qea|epn|ïn ̀ e Eùanadñg Rûlcdan# <2>2

N|hegpdgn <6# Aegp|m#292<2# Oävdam# @'I'

DQLG; 486/928/094/908/4

Dor|eqm eg Oävdam

`dqp|dluadñg h|npudpn/r|mfdld`n qu yegpn

Qe|ydadmq e`dpm|dnceqAn|cmq Rncced|m

@dqeþm t ̀ dnh|nonadñgCudq \eteq# An|cmq Rncced|m

Dcuqp|nadñgAn|cmq Rncced|m &># 9/8$# An|cmq Qnccnq &6/>0# >8# >4# <2/<>#18# Kung An|cmq Rncmodgm &9# <</<1# <9# <6# <4/11# 8</6>#>84# >6>$# Onhncd Hnccehmq Yî{~ue{ &<0/<5# <6 &rdqm$# >>6/>>4# ><8 &aerdccm è `degpeq$# ><6# >11$# Kung Kmqä Cñre{U|dle &15# 02/0># 68# 45 &yeqpd`mq$# 49# >22$# Km|he Rm|pn &8#00# 09# 50/55# 54# 92/9># ><9# ><4# >12/>1<# >10/>15#>19 &kd|nin t ceñg$# >52# >51# >9>$# Aeadcdn \älm|n &08#52/5># 51$# Hnl|decn Rmèqpî &9</91# 99/94# >16/>0># >0<&eceingpe# pn{n# qdccñg$# >09# >06/>04$# Ä|dajn On|pïge{ &95#6</65# 68/4>$# Oñgdan Fudp|ñg Yn|hnq &>22 &fmknq$$# Knyde|Pm||eq &>2</>21# >29# >24# >>># >>1# >8># >81$# \m`|dhmQe|gn &69# >20/>25# >>0# >>9/>>8# ><</><5$# Hun`ncure Nu|m|n Onqan|ûn Cme|n &18$# Hcm|dn Ancè|nq &<6 &oeqn tanqn$$# Acnu`dn Cehgn{{d &<6 &gdþn$$# Cemgd` Germogdnafd#&<6 &anon$# >26$# Geyd` \noï|e{ Odccîg &14$# Cudq Rmolm&18$# Onu|dadm Hñoe{ Om|dg# &52 &kuhuepeq$$# Ecoe|fmoe|m#odcnh|dpmq a|enpdymq &04$# Eg|d~ue On|pïge{ &5<$# Fe|egdnHmg{îce{ [ûþdhn &90 &n||dln$# >00/>05$# Aeadcdn Ampn# &90&nlnkm$$# Geyd` \noï|e{ Odccîg &4<# 45 &`mg U|lngm$$# Lenp|d{Qpeccdgm &>11$# Ngn Mafmn &>08$# Kmqä Cudq L|dqeþm &>88/>86$# Tnd| Anþe`m Anonafm &>19 &nlnkm$$'

Nh|nèadodegpmq

Cn Qea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Rûlcdan nh|nèae n cmq oîq è 02 <60oneqp|mq t oneqp|nq# n cnq nupm|d`nèq eùanpdynq è pm`m ec rnïq#nc Qdg`danpm Gnadmgnc è P|nlnkn`m|eq è cn Eùanadñg# n evre|pmq

nan`äodamq# n cmq Amm|`dgn`m|eq Eqpnpnceq è Nqeqm|ïn t Qehudodegpmrn|n cn N|pdaucnadñg è cn Eùanadñg Lîqdan# n cmq Amm|`dgn`m|eq Eqpnpnceqè Nqeqm|ïn t Qehudodegpm rn|n cn \eim|on è cn Eùanadñg R|don|dn#n omgdpm|eq# nqeqm|eq t `maegpeq è eqauecnq gm|onceq rm| amcnlm|n|eg cn |eydqdñg è cnq `die|egpeq ye|qdmgeq è cmq cdl|mq è pevpm cceyn`n nanlm ù|ngpe cnq Km|gn`nq Gnadmgnceq t Eqpnpnceq è Evrcm|nadñg è cmqOnpe|dnceq Eùanpdymq t cnq \eugdmgeq \ehdmgnceq# |encd{n`nq eg <226 t<224: nqï amom n cn @d|eaadñg Hege|nc è @eqn||mccm Au||daucn|# @d|eaadñgHege|nc è Eùanadñg Dg`ïhegn# @d|eaadñg Hege|nc è @eqn||mccm è cnHeqpdñg e Dggmynadñg Eùanpdyn'

Cn QER evpdegè ug eqreadnc nh|nèadodegpm n cn Ugdye|qd`n` Re`nhñhdanGnadmgnc &URG$# rm| qu rn|pdadrnadñg eg ec èqn||mccm è eqpn e`dadñg'

Pnoldäg qe nh|nèae ec nrmtm è cnq qdhudegpeq dgqpdpuadmgeq;Ugdye|qd`n` Nupñgmon Oep|mrmcdpngn# Aegp|m è Eùanadñg t Anrnadpnadñgrn|n ec @eqn||mccm Quqpegpnlce è cn Qea|epn|ïn èc Oe`dm Noldegpe t\eau|qmq Gnpu|nceq# Qea|epn|ïn èc P|nlnkm t R|eydqdñg Qmadnc# EqauecnGm|onc Qure|dm| è Oävdam# Odgdqpe|dm è Eùanadñg è cn \erûlcdanè Auln' Nqdodqom# cn Qea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Rûlcdan evpdegè qunh|nèadodegpm n pm`nq n~ueccnq re|qmgnq e dgqpdpuadmgeq ~ue è onge|n`d|eapn e dg`d|eapn amgp|dlute|mg n cn |encd{nadñg èc r|eqegpe cdl|m è pevpm'



R|eqegpnadñg

EQRNÞMC > 1

Cn Qea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Rûlcdan# eg ec on|am è cn \eim|on Dgpeh|ncè cn Eùanadñg Lîqdan# rcngpen ugn r|mrueqpn dgpeh|n`n è cdl|mq èpevpm èqè ug gueym egim~ue ~ue fnae äginqdq eg cn rn|pdadrnadñg è cmqncuogmq rn|n ec èqn||mccm è cnq amorepegadnq lîqdanq rn|n cn yd`n t ecp|nlnkm' Eqpe egim~ue dgam|rm|n amom nrmtm Peagmcmhïnq è cn Dgim|onadñg

t Amougdanadñg &PDA$# onpe|dnceq t e~udrnodegpmq nu`dmydqunceq edgim|oîpdamq ~ue# kugpm amg cnq ldlcdmpeanq è nucn t eqamcn|eq# eg|d~ueaegec amgmadodegpm eg cnq eqauecnq oevdangnq'

@eqruäq è yn|dnq epnrnq# eg eqpe adacm qe amgqmcd`n cn \eim|on eg cmqqedq h|n`mq t# eg amgqeauegadn# qe r|eqegpn eqpn r|mrueqpn amorcepn è cmqgueymq cdl|mq è pevpm# ~ue nln|an cn pmpncd`n` è cnq nqdhgnpu|nq eg pm`mqcmq h|n`mq'

Eqpe cdl|m è pevpm dgacute eqp|npehdnq dggmyn`m|nq rn|n ecp|nlnkm eqamcn|# ̀ eong`ng`m amorepegadnq ̀ maegpeq m|degpn`nq ncnr|myeafnodegpm è `dqpdgpnq iuegpeq è dgim|onadñg# ec uqm dgpegqdym ècn peagmcmhïn# cn amor|egqdñg è cnq fe||nodegpnq t è cmq ceghunkeq ~uegdþmq t kñyegeq updcd{ng eg cn qmade`n` èc amgmadodegpm' Nc odqom pdeorm#qe luqan ~ue cmq eqpu`dngpeq n`~ude|ng fnldcd`nèq rn|n nr|egè| èonge|n nupñgmon# t ~ue cmq rn`|eq è inodcdn yncm|eg t namornþeg ecanoldm fnadn cn eqauecn oevdangn èc iupu|m'

Qu ecnlm|nadñg eq ec |equcpn`m è ugn qe|de è naadmgeq è amcnlm|nadñg#amom cn Ncdng{n rm| cn Ancd`n` è cn Eùanadñg# nqï amom amg oûcpdrceqnapm|eq egp|e cmq ~ue èqpnang nqmadnadmgeq è rn`|eq è inodcdn#dgyeqpdhn`m|eq èc anorm è cn eùanadñg# m|hngdqomq eyncun`m|eq#oneqp|mq t evre|pmq eg `dye|qnq `dqadrcdgnq' Pm`mq fng gup|d`m ec amgpegd`mèc cdl|m èqè `dqpdgpnq rcnpnim|onq t n p|nyäq è qu evre|degadn' N eccmq#cn Qea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Rûlcdan ceq evpdegè ug qegpd`m nh|nèadodegpmrm| ec amor|modqm èomqp|n`m amg an`n gdþm |eqdègpe eg ec pe||dpm|dmgnadmgnc t amg n~ueccmq ~ue qe egauegp|ng iue|n è äc'

Qea|epn|ïn è Eùanadñg Rûlcdan



EQRNÞMC >0

Ldegyegd`m n cn eqauecn r|don|dn'Äqpe eq pu cdl|m è Eqrnþmc è r|doe| h|n`m'Eg äc p|nlnkn|îq pngpm è onge|n dg`dydùnc amom eg

e~udrm t amg pm`m ec h|urm eg `dye|qnq napdyd`nèq'Ec cdl|m eqpî m|hngd{n`m rm| r|mteapmq eg `die|egpeq qeaadmgeq;

Amgmae pu cdl|m

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½N ~udäg nauèq rn|n r|ehugpn| cm ~uepe dgpe|eqn qnle|=# ½eg `ñgè rueèqegamgp|n| dgim|onadñg rn|n |eqrmgè| npuq r|ehugpnq=

Ec peon rn|n dgyeqpdhn|

Eg h|urm# qeceaadmgeg ug peon èc ~ueude|ng qnle| oîq' Rm| e eo cm;

R|mùapm idgnc

Amoegpeg cm ~ue |eaue|èg qml|e qupeon'Qeceaadmgeg nchugnq dènq ~ue qengdorm|pngpeq'

@dapeg nc oneqp|m eqpnq i|nqeq rn|nc

~ue cnq eqa|dln eg ec rd{n||ñg'Ceng eg h|urm cm ~ue eqpî eqa|dpm'c

½Eq acn|m=# ½geaeqdpn am||ehd|qe=#½~uä fnt ~ue anoldn|=Qu oneqp|m ecnlm|n|î ugn cîodgnc

eg ugn an|pucdgn amg cnq i|nqeqam||ehd`nq'@dapeg amom pïpucm ec gmol|e ècc

peon'R|mrmghng nchugn donheg ~uec

dcuqp|e ec peon'@eqruäq# amcm~ueg qu cîodgn eg ug

cuhn| ydqdlce è cn eqauecn rn|n ~ue pm`mqcn yeng'

N luqan|

\ern|png cmq cdl|mq ~ue peghng eg ecqncñg' Egamgp|n|îg cdl|mq è auegpmq# èkuehmq# è |donq# è fdqpm|dn t è adegadn#egp|e mp|mq'Eg e~udrm# evrcñ|egcmq t amoegpeg;

½ûä yeg eg cnq doîhegeq=ü

½Auîceq cdl|mq amgpdegeg onrnq# impmqü

m `dlukmq=½@e ~uä p|npng cmq cdl|mq=ü

Qeceaadmgeg nchugnq rîhdgnq ~ue ceqrue`ng qe|yd| rn|n amgmae| qml|e ec peonecehd`m' Qu oneqp|m qeceaadmgn|î `mq èeqmq pevpmq t cmq cee|î eg ym{ ncpn' Ugmqe|î evrmqdpdym t ec mp|m cdpe|n|dm'Amorn|eg t amoegpeg;

@e uä p|npn an`n ugm=ü

Cm ~ue fnaeomq an`n `ïn

Nqï amom pdegeq amornþe|mq gueymq pnoldäg

ug pdeorm rn|n an`n ugn'Pu oneqp|m eqa|dld|î ec fm|n|dm eg ugn an|p cee|î cm ~ue qe yn n fnae| t n ~uä fm|n'

½ûä `ïn è cn qeongn eq fmt=ü

½Auîg`m eq cn acnqe è Eùanadñg Iïqdan=ü

½N ~uä fm|n eq ec |ea|em=ü

An|repn èc qnle|

Amgqe|yn puq p|nlnkmq n cmcn|hm èc adacm eqamcn| egpu An|repn èc qnle|'Ecnlñ|ncn amg an|pucdgn#rmgce pu gmol|e tèañ|ncn n pu huqpm'

Cm ~ue amgm{am'Amg eqpnnapdyd`n` qe dgdadn ec p|nlnkm'

N luqan|'Eg eqpenrn|pn`mqe pe dg`danañomegamgp|n|dgim|onadñggeaeqn|dn'

An|repn èc qnle|' Qer|mrmge ~ue ecnlm|eq idafnqè nchugmq peonq ~ue eqdorm|pngpe ~ue |eaue|èq'

R|mùapmidgnc' Eq ecr|mùapm~ue fnqèqn||mccn`mamg puqamornþe|mqn cm cn|hm ècr|mteapm'



EQRNÞMC > 5

CDPE\NPU\N 1>

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq è h|urm;

½ûä auegpmq peü

rn|eade|mg oîqdgpe|eqngpeq=½Rm| ~uä pe nh|n`n|mg=ü

½ûä mp|mq auegpmqü

|eamoeg`n|ïnq n puqnodhmq t inodcdn|eq=

pmq# nfm|n

pm ~ue{ñg cmeqm| cnq

eg ym{id~ue ~ueruqm'

g cmgn fmknre|dñ`dam

LCMÛE D>6

Pï pucm èc c dl|m; O d rcnge

pe

\e

Rn|dèg

Cnup

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Fnt cdl|mq è pm`m cm ~ue

pe rueèq donhdgn|; èpm`m pdrm è peonq# èim|onq `dye|qnq m è h|ngamcm|d`m' ®Fnqpn fnt cdl|mqqml|e añom fnae| cdl|mq.

LCMÛE DD59

Eg eqpe cdcmq cdl|mq'gmol|eq

@eq uäq#

Eq r|m

amg ugn lrue`ng q|ehcnq' Rm

½ûäü

cmq cdl|½ûäü

cmq cdl|

Amgqucpn eg'''

Mp|n mradñg è cee| cdl|mqeq n p|nyäq è cmq oe`dmqeceap|ñgdamq' Rueèqamgqucpn| nchugmq egcmq qdhudegpeq qdpdmq èDgpe|gep;xxx'ldlcdmpeanynqamgaecmq'hml'ovxxx'cep|nqoevdangnq'ovxxx'lgò'amo'ov

LCMÛE Y>06

®N kuhn| amgcnq rncnl|nq.

Cmancd{n rncnl|nq ~uepe|odgeg dhunc ~ue cnq~ue `dae ec r|mieqm|'Rueèq luqan| rncnl|nq~ue pe|odgeg dhunc ~uecmq gmol|eq è puqamornþe|mq'Rm| ekeorcm;

Angadñgü |don amg oecñg'

On|ïn ü

|don amgqng`ïn'

\d

Cee mqml|

Rn|pd

Ccm|n

Ymt

t am

\eydq

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm' Egeqpn qeaadñg qe amoegpnec r|mùapm cmh|n`m'

Ug `npmdgpe|eqngpe'Qeaadñg ~ueamgpdegedgim|onadñgau|dmqn'

Amgqucpn eg…

Qmg quhe|egadnqè cdl|mq t qdpdmqè dgpe|gep'

®N kuhn| amgcnq rncnl|nq.R|mrueqpnq `dye|pd`nqrn|n kuhn| amgec ceghunke'

Pnoldäg fnt nchugnq qeaadmgeq ~uepe qe|yd|îg eg ec èqn||mccm è cnqnapdyd`nèq amom;

Nc idgnc è pu cdl|m fnt ugn qeaadñg è onpe|dnc |eam|pnlce# ~uedègpdidanq rm| oe`dm è ugnq pdke|nq amg ec gûoe|m è rîhdgn rn|n~ue uld~ueq eqpe onpe|dnc'

Cnq napdyd`nèq rn|n nr|egè| n cee| t eqa|dld|# kugpm amg nchugmqeqa|dpmq ~ue pe qmcdadpn eqpe cdl|m# cnq èleq |encd{n| eg pu aunè|gm'

Pu cdl|m t pu aunè|gm qe|îg cnq eydègadnq è pu nr|eg`d{nke'



LCMÛE D6

®Ynomq n amgmae|gmq.

Amg eqpnq napdyd`nèq amoeg{n|îq n p|nlnkn| amg ec ceghunke

eqa|dpm# n rn|pd| è pu gmol|e t ec è puq amornþe|mq'

Rn|n eqpnq napdyd`nèq geaeqdpnq;

ncinlepm oñydc{

pdke|nq{

idafnq{

pn|kepnq{

an|pucdgnq{

N G P E

Q @ E D G

D A D N \

Nfm|n ~ue eorde{nq cn r|don|dn

egamgp|n|îq gueymq amornþe|mq'

R|eqägpnpe amg eccmq'

@dce q añom pe ccnonq t ec gmol|e è

nchûg mlkepm m nap dyd`n` ~ue eordeae

amg cn odqon cep|n è pu gmol|e'

Rm| ekeorcm; –Oe ccnom An|cmq t

angpn| eorde{n amg cn odqon cep|n

è od gmol|e‟'



N

EQPU@DM 4

Od gmol|e

Pu oneqp|m pe `n|î ugn pn|kepn amg pu gmol|e' Mlqe|yn añom eqpîeqa|dpm'

\eam|pn cnq cep|nq èc Ncinlepm oñydc' Updcd{n cnq cep|nq t im|on amgeccnq pu gmol|e'

Oueqp|n n ug amornþe|m añom im|onqpe pu gmol|e t cee cm ~ue `dae'Rm| ekeorcm# n~uï `dae; \mqn'

Eqa|dle pu gmol|e eg mp|n pn|kepn t amcñancn eg pu lngan rn|n ~uepm`mq pe dègpdid~ueg'

Hun|`n eg ug qml|e cnq cep|nq è pu Ncinlepm oñydc rm|~ue cmqehud|îq updcd{ng`m ù|ngpe pm`m ec nþm' Pnoldäg amgqe|yn cn pn|kepnamg pu gmol|e: cn updcd{n|îq eg mp|m omoegpm'

>/5



>>NGPEQ @E DGDADN\

Nug~ue cmq gmol|eq eorde{ng dhunc# pdegeg `die|egpeqcep|nq nc idgnc m eg oe`dm: rm| ekeorcm'

Ncng t Nècn{

dgdadng amg cn odqon cep|n t pe|odgng`die|egpe'Qngpdnhm t Qng`|n{ amodeg{ng amg p|eq cep|nq dhunceqre|m pe|odgng `die|egpe'On|dngn t Oñgdan{ eorde{ng t pe|odgng amg cnodqon cep|n# re|m cnq cep|nq è eg oe`dm qmg `dqpdgpnq'

Mlqe|yn cmq gmol|eq è puq amornþe|mq t eqa|dle cmq ~ue eorde{ngamg cn odqon cep|n ~ue ec putm'

½Eg ~uä qe rn|eaeg=# ½eg ~uä qmg `die|egpeq=

Pm`mq cmq gmol|eq r|mrdmq dgdadng amg ontûqaucn' \eydqn~ue cmq gmol|eq ~ue eqa|dldqpe eordeaeg amg ontûqaucn'

Eqa|dle eg ec eqrnadm# gmol|eq ~ue qmg dhunceq eg;

Cn r|doe|n cep|n; Quqngn ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]{

Cnq `mq cep|nq èc dgdadm; Rnlcm ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]{

Cnq p|eq cep|nq èc dgdadm; Qng`|n ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]{

Cn ûcpdon cep|n; Hun`ncure ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]{



>< NGPEQ @E DGDADN\

Rncnl|nq ~ue eorde{ng amg cn cep|n…

Ec oneqp|m eqa|dld|î ugm `e quq gmol|eq eg ec rd{n||ñg' Rm| pu|gmq#

an`n ~udeg `dhn rncnl|nq ~ue dgdadeg amg cn odqon cep|n rn|n ~uepnoldäg qe eqa|dlng eg ec rd{n||ñg' Rm| ekeorcm; Onguec; onoî#oeqn# om||nc# ouþean# odec'

recmpn

cugn

ong{ngn

qng`ïn



NGPEQ @E DGDADN\ >1

Eg rn|eknq# amorn|eg cn cep|n amg ~ue dgdadng cnq rncnl|nq è quqgmol|eq t cnq è cmq mlkepmq'

½Eg ~uä qe rn|eaeg={

½Eg ~uä qmg `die|egpeq={

Updcdaeg ec Ncinlepm oñydc rn|n im|on| oîq rncnl|nq'@eqruäq# eqa|ïlngcnq eg cnq qdhudegpeq cïgenq;

Cm ~ue fnaeomq an`n `ïn

Nqï amom pdegeq amornþe|mq gueymq pnoldäg pdegeq acnqeq gueynq# amgug pdeorm rn|n an`n ugn'

Pu oneqp|m eqa|dld|î ec fm|n|dm eg ugn an|pucdgn t `dn|dnoegpecee|î cm ~ue qe yn n fnae| t n ~uä fm|n'

½ûä `ïn è cn qeongn eq fmt={

½Auîg`m eq cn acnqe è Eùanadñg Iïqdan={

½N ~uä fm|n eq ec |ea|em={

An|repn èc qnle|

Amgqe|yn cmq p|nlnkmq ~ue|encdaeq n cm cn|hm èc adacmeqamcn| eg pu An|repn ècqnle|'Ecnlñ|ncn amg an|pucdgn#rmgce pu gmol|e tèañ|ncn n pu huqpm'



LCMÛE D>0

r|mtEapm; dÈgpdidan| pEvpmq ûpdcEq rn|n mlpEgE| dgim|onadñg naE|an È ug

pEon

CM̂

U

ED

Îoldpm; Eqpu`dm

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eqnr|egè| n luqan| dgim|onadñgqml|e ug peon ~ue pe dgpe|eqern|n amoegpn| qml|e äc'

Amg cn ntu`n è ug nùcpmevrcm|n|îq; cdl|mq# re|dñ`damq#|eydqpnq t qdpdmq è dgpe|gep amgdgim|onadñg qml|e ec peon'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapmgeaeqdpn|îq;

cdl|mq{

|eydqpnq{

re|dñ`damq{

egadacmre`dnq{

pn|kepnq{

an|pucdgnq{



EQPU@DM >5

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½N ~udäg nauèq rn|n r|ehugpn| cm ~uepe dgpe|eqn qnle|=# ½eg `ñgè rueèqegamgp|n| dgim|onadñg rn|n |eqrmgè| npuq r|ehugpnq=

Ec peon rn|n dgyeqpdhn|

Eg h|urm# qeceaadmgeg ug peon èc ~ue~ude|ng qnle| oîq' Rm| ekeorcm;

ec on|{

cmq re||mq{

kuehmq t kuhuepeq{

cmq ncdoegpmq ~ue gup|eg{

cn amgpnodgnadñg èc noldegpe{

Amoegpeg cm ~ue qnleg è äc'



LCM^UE D>9

Rn|n amgmae| m rn|n donhdgn|

Mlqe|yeg cnq doîhegeq `e cnq rîhdgnq t rcnpd~ueg qml|e eccnq;

½Eg auîc eq rmqdlce egamgp|n| dgim|onadñg |enc qml|e cnq{

qe|rdegpeq=½Eg auîc fnt ugn fdqpm|dn donhdgn`n={

½Auîc eq oîq ûpdc rn|n dgyeqpdhn| qml|e cnq qe|rdegpeq={



EQPU@DM >8

N luqan|

\ern|png cmq cdl|mq ~ue peghng eg ec

qncñg' Egamgp|n|îg cdl|mq è auegpmq# èkuehmq# è |donq# è fdqpm|dn t è adegadn#egp|e mp|mq'

Eg e~udrm# evrcñ|egcmq t amoegpeg;

½ûä yeg eg cnq doîhegeq={

½Auîceq cdl|mq amgpdegeg onrnq# impmq{

m `dlukmq=½@e ~uä p|npng cmq cdl|mq={

Qeceaadmgeg nchugnq rîhdgnq ~ue ceqrue`ng qe|yd| rn|n amgmae| qml|e ec peonecehd`m' Qu oneqp|m qeceaadmgn|î `mq èeqmq pevpmq t cmq cee|î eg ym{ ncpn' Ugmqe|î evrmqdpdym t ec mp|m cdpe|n|dm'Amorn|eg t amoegpeg;

½@e ~uä p|npn an`n ugm={

½Añom qmg cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq={

½Auîc qd|ye rn|n egamgp|n| dgim|onadñg{

|enc qml|e ec peon ecehd`m=



LCMÛE D>6

An|repn èc qnle|

Hun|`n eg pu An|repncmq p|nlnkmq ecnlm|n`mqù|ngpe eqpe r|mteapm'\eaue|`n ngmpn| pugmol|e eg an`n ugm èeccmq'

P ï pucm èc c dl|m; O d r| doe|

̀daa dmgn| dm è inugn è

O ä v dam '

Nu pm|; Re`|m O m|egm

Rî h dgnq eg ~ue qe

egaueg p|n ec peon; 6 t 4

Cdl|mq rn|n amgmae|

Amg cm ~ue nfm|n qnleg# èad`ng ~uä

pevpmq ceq qe|yd|îg rn|n qnle| oîq qml|eec peon' Qd pdegeg nchugn ù`n# r|ehugpegn qu oneqp|m'

Rn|n pege| oîq dgim|onadñg# luq~uegpnoldäg eg egadacmre`dnq# cdl|mqpeoîpdamq# re|dñ`damq m |eydqpnq' Rd`ng nnchûg inodcdn| ~ue ceq ntuè'

\ehdqp|m èc cdl|m

Rn|n updcd{n| eg mp|m omoegpm ec cdl|m#dègpdidan quq `npmq'

Cmancd{n eg cn rm|pn`n ec gmol|e ècnupm| t ec pïpucm'

Amg ntu`n è pu oneqp|m# amrdn egugn pn|kepn cmq `npmq è cmq cdl|mq ~ueecdhde|mg; pïpucm# nupm| t cnq rîhdgnq `mgèqe egauegp|n ec peon'

Amg cn pn|kepn ~ue ecnlm|nqpe# cmancd{ncmq cdl|mq rn|n ~ue ec oneqp|m cmq yntnceteg`m `ïn amg `ïn' Nqï amgmae|îq cndgim|onadñg ~ue amgpdegeg'

Amoegpeg nae|an è cm ~ue tn qnlïngèc peon t cm ~ue nr|eg`de|mg amg cnceapu|n'

@e pm`n cn dgim|onadñg ~ue nfm|npdegeg# ½auîc amgqdè|ng ~ue eq cn oîqdorm|pngpe=



EQPU@DM >4

R|mùapm idgnc

Amoegpeg cm ~ue |eaue|èg qml|e qu

peon'Qeceaadmgeg nchugnq dènq ~ue qengdorm|pngpeq'

@dapeg nc oneqp|m eqpnq i|nqeq rn|n ~uecnq eqa|dln eg ec rd{n||ñg'

Ceng eg h|urm cm ~ue eqpî eqa|dpm' ½Eqacn|m=# ½geaeqdpn am||ehd|qe=# ½~uä fnt~ue anoldn|=

Qu oneqp|m ecnlm|n|î ugn cîodgn egugn an|pucdgn amg cnq i|nqeq am||ehd`nq'

@dapeg amom pïpucm ec gmol|e èc peon'R|mrmghng nchugn donheg ~ue dcuqp|e

ec peon'@eqruäq# amcm~ueg qu cîodgn eg ug

cuhn| ydqdlce è cn eqauecn rn|n ~ue pm`mqcn yeng'

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg pu h|urm;½Añom |eamgmaeq ug{

cdl|m ~ue pe qd|ye rn|negamgp|n| dgim|onadñg=½ûä `npmq updcd{nq rn|n{

dègpdidan| ug cdl|m=½Añom pe qegpdqpe nc{

p|nlnkn| eg e~udrm=



LCMÛE D<2

Eq pdeorm è |eydqn| cm ~ue fnq nr|eg`d`m èqruäq è p|nlnkn| egeqpe r|mteapm' Cee an`n egugadn`m# on|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó$ cnmradñg amg cn aunc pe dègpdidanq'

Cm fnhmout ldeg

Cm fnhmn yeaeqt rue`moekm|n|

Geaeqdpmntu`nrn|nfnae|cm

Cmancd{m cmq cdl|mq ~ue oe qd|yeg rn|negamgp|n| dgim|onadñg qml|e ug peon'

Dègpdidam è ~uä p|npn ug pevpmmlqe|yng`m cnq doîhegeq'

\eamgm{am ec pïpucm èc cdl|m t ecgmol|e èc nupm|'

Nupmeyncunadñg



EQPU@DM <>

On|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó$ cn mradñg ~ue `dhn cn onge|n amom|encd{nqpe pu p|nlnkm;

Qdeor|e N yeaeq Oe incpnfnae|cm

Eqre|m od pu|gm'

Eqauafm amg npegadñg cnqrn|pdadrnadmgeq `e odqamornþe|mq'

Amorn|pm odq mrdgdmgeq

amg ec h|urm'

Amoegpn ~uä nr|eg`dqpe eg eqpe r|mteapm'



LCMÛE D<<

r|mtEapm; |EamoEg`n| rm| Eqa|dpm ug auEgpm n mp|mq

ncuogmq

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq ~ueamgm{anq nchugmq auegpmq ~ue fnt egcn ldlcdmpean è pu qncñg' Eg h|urm#qeceaadmgn|îg ec ~ue oîq ceq fntnhuqpn`m rn|n |eamoeg`n|cm n gdþmqè mp|mq h|urmq# cm rueèg fnae| eg ecre|dñ`dam ou|nc m eqamcn|'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cdl|mq è auegpmq è{

cn ldlcdmpean èc qncñg

an|pucdgnq{

Îoldpm; Cdpe|npu|n



CDPE\NPU\N <1

Cm ~ue amgm{am½Nchugn ye{ nchudeg pe fn ceï`m m amgpn`mug auegpm=# ½è ~uä qe p|npnln=# ½eg `ñgèrueèq egamgp|n| cdl|mq ̀ e auegpmq=# ½auîcpe huqpn oîq=# ½auîc |eamoeg`n|ïnq n puqamornþe|mq rn|n ~ue cm ceng=

Amorn|pe amg pu h|urm cnq |eqrueqpnq'

Ug auegpm rn|n pd

Mlqe|yn cnq doîhegeq ~ue nrn|eaeg kugpm ncauegpm'

Amoegpn qml|e cmq re|qmgnkeq ~ue eg äcnrn|eaeg t è ~uä a|eeq ~ue p|npn ec auegpm'

Eqauafn cn ceapu|n ~ue fn|î pu oneqp|m'



LCMÛE D<0

Amom tn qe qnle# cnq onoîq

amgeknq pdegeg qdeor|e ouafmqfdkdpmq# t cn è eqpe auegpm# pnoldäg'E|ng `mae t pm`mq e|ng lcngamq# kuhuepmgeq t p|nydeqmq' Qncpnlngè naî rn|n nccî rm| ec anorm qdg

angqn|qe gugan è quq kuehmq'Quae`dñ ~ue ug `ïn ec anorm

pnoldäg qe ruqm lcngam' ®E|n gdeye.Cmq amgekdpmq qncde|mg out `dye|pd`mqè qu on`|dhue|n rn|n `dqi|upn| ècanoldm è acdon'

Amgekdpmq è amcm|eq

N cn fm|n è ccnon|cmq n amoe|# onoî amgekn

iue n luqan|cmq# re|m ®mf# qm|r|eqn. Gm rm`ïnegamgp|n|cmq rm|~ue e|ng png lcngamq ~ue qeamgiug`ïng amg cn gdeye'

Amg ouafm p|nlnkm cmq fnccñ# cmq cceyñ è yuecpnnc fmhn| t# eg ec anodgm# qe èpuym n amor|n| rdgpu|nq' Ugn ye{ eg anqn# qe è`dañ n rdgpn| nquq amgekdpmq è amcm|eq; ugmq e|ng n{uceq# mp|mq

ye|èq# nchugmq |mkmq t pnoldäg non|dccmq' @e eqnonge|n tn rm`|ïn egamgp|n|cmq iîadcoegpe egp|ecn gdeye'



CDPE\NPU\N <5

Fdgmkmqn# I|ngadqam &ngp'$# –Amgekdpmqè amcm|eq‟ &n`nrpnadñg$# eg

Auägpnoe' Ceapu|nq rn|n pm`mq cmq `ïnq #Anqpdccm# Oävdam# <224# rr' >>2 t >>>'

amg ouafn nhun t knlñg' Nqï

ymcyde|mg n qu amcm| m|dhdgnc; eclcngam' T out amgpegpn qe~ue`ñ onoî amgekn# rueqtn rm`ïn ye|cmq qncpng`megp|e cnq icm|eq èc anorm'

Re|m ug `ïn# èqruäqè nchûg pdeorm'''®ymcydñ n geyn|. Teqpn fdqpm|dn# ymcydñn eore{n|'

Cnq amqnq dlng out ldeg fnqpn ~ue ug `ïn# nc od|n| cmq r|n`mqèc anorm# è gueym onoî amgekn gm ru`m egamgp|n| n quqamgekdpmq' ®Cn r|donye|n fnlïn ccehn`m amg quq on|nydccmqmqamcm|eq.

Ymcydñ n ccnon| n quq fdkdpmq t ugm n ugm cmq cnyñ eg ugn pdgn



LCMÛE D<9

Amorn|pe amg puq amornþe|mq;½Ru`dqpe dègpdidan| è ~uä p|npnln ec auegpm ngpeq è qu ceapu|n={

½ûä iue cm ~ue pe ccnoñ oîq cn npegadñg èc auegpm={

N luqan|

Rn|n |eamoeg`n| ug auegpm eq geaeqn|dm qnle| è ~uä p|npn'Eg e~udrmq# |eydqeg cmq cdl|mq è auegpmq è qu ldlcdmpean èc qncñg tecdkng ugm' \eydqeg ec cdl|m ~ue ceq huqpñ t amoegpeg;½Rm| ~uä ceq ccnoñ cn npegadñg=½@e ~uä a|eeg ~ue p|npn ec auegpm=½Añom qmg cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq=



LCMÛE D12

Cn cdqpn è ceapu|nq

Eg ec h|urm# ecdkng cmq auegpmq ~ue èqeng ~ue qu oneqp|m ceq cen' Äc

eqa|dld|î eg ugn fmkn è |mpnimcdmq cmq pïpucmq è cmq cdl|mq ecehd`mq'Eqa|dle eg ugn fmkn ec gmol|e è ugm è cmq auegpmq ~ue oîq peccnoe cn npegadñg e dcûqp|ncm'

Amorn|n ec pïpucm ~ue eqa|dldqpe amg ec ~ue eqpî eg cn rm|pn`n ècauegpm' ½Qe |ecnadmgn ec pïpucm amg cn dcuqp|nadñg è cn rm|pn`n=# ½rm|~uä= Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq'

Ec auegpm è an`n `ïn

@u|ngpe ec adacm eqamcn|# ec r|mieqm| cee|î eg ym{ ncpn nchugmq è cmqauegpmq qeceaadmgn`mq'

Egp|e pm`mq# idkeg cn fm|n rn|n cn ceapu|n è auegpmq t ngñpegcn egqu fm|n|dm'

Rn|n qnle| ~uä auegpm qe cee|î an`n `ïn# p|npeg è dègpdidan| qupïpucm eg cn cdqpn è auegpmq'

½Fnt eg ec pïpucm nchugn rncnl|n ~ue{

|eamgm{anq=½Ec pïpucm èc `ïn pdege ouafnq m rmanq{

rncnl|nq=

An`n oeq# ecnlm|eg ug an|pec amg cngueyn cdqpn è cdl|mq t amcñ~uegcn eg ugcuhn| ydqdlce'



CDPE\NPU\N 1>

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq è h|urm;

½ûä auegpmq pe{

rn|eade|mg oîqdgpe|eqngpeq=½Rm| ~uä pe nh|n`n|mg={

½ûä mp|mq auegpmq{

|eamoeg`n|ïnq n puqnodhmq t inodcdn|eq=

Qd ù|ngpe cn ceapu|n fnt nchugn rncnl|n ~ue èqamgm{ang#r|ehugpeg qu qdhgdidan`m'

Rn|n |eamoeg`n| ug auegpm

Ngpeq è cn ceapu|n è an`n auegpm# mlqe|yn cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq tamoegpn cm ~ue rdegqnq ~ue mau||d|î eg cn fdqpm|dn;

½Añom dgdadn|î={

½ûdägeq qe|îg cmq re|qmgnkeq={

½@e ~uä p|npn|î={

½Añom pe|odgn|î={

Nc pe|odgn| cn ceapu|n# rcnpdan; ½ûäiue cm ~ue oîq pe huqpñ= ½Mau||dñ cm ~ueregqnlnq ~ue rnqn|ïn=

Eg ugn fmkn lcngan# amrdn è cn rm|pn`n ec pïpucm èc auegpm# fn{ug `dlukm è cm ~ue oîq pe huqpñ'

R|mùapm idgnc

Amom tn amgmaeg `dqpdgpmq auegpmq# nfm|nrueèg |eamoeg`n| ugm'

Eg h|urm# ecdkng ec auegpm ~ue oîqceq huqpñ' @dhng rm| ~uä |n{ñg cm|eamoeg`n|ïng t ~ue ec r|mieqm| cneqa|dln eg ec rd{n||ñg'

@eqruäq# ec oneqp|m cee|î eg ym{ ncpnpm`nq cnq |n{mgeq rn|n ~ue pm`m ec h|urm

ye|did~ue ~ue qeng cnq dènq ~ue an`n ugmr|mruqm'

Qd pm`mq eqpîg è naue|`m amg cmeqa|dpm# qe rnqn|îg eg cdordm eg ugn fmknè |mpnimcdmq rn|n dgacud|cn eg ec re|dñ`dameqamcn|'



CDPE\NPU\N 11

On|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó $ cn mradñg ~ue `dhn cn onge|n amom|encd{nqpe pu p|nlnkm;

Qdeor|e N yeaeqOe incpnfnae|cm

Eqre|m od pu|gm'





LCMÛE D10

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq eqpnlceae||ehcnq rn|n cn rn|pdadrnadñg t luegnamgydyegadn eg ec qncñg è acnqeq'

Egp|e pm`mq nam|`n|îg cnq |ehcnq èch|urm t# amg qu oneqp|m# ecnlm|n|îgan|peceq ~ue amcman|îg eg ug cuhn| ydqdlcern|n ~ue pm`mq rue`ng |eam|`n|cnq'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;|ehcnoegpmq{

cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean èc qncñg{

an|pucdgnq{

r|mtEapm; EqpnlcEaE| t Eqa|dld| cnq |Ehcnq rn|n Ecamorm|pnodEgpm Eqamcn|

Îoldpm; Rn|pdadrnadñg amougdpn|dn t inodcdn|



RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ 15

Cm ~ue amgm{am

Ecdhe ug kuehm t rcnpdan añom qe kuehn' ½ûä qe rueè fnae| t

~uä gm=# ½auîceq qmg cnq |ehcnq rn|n kuhn|cm=# ½~uä rnqn|ïn qd gmevdqpde|ng eqnq |ehcnq=

\ehcnq rn|n pm`n manqdñg

Cmq fmqrdpnceq# ldlcdmpeanq# rn|~ueq# {mmcñhdamq pdegeg quq r|mrdnq|ehcnq# cnq aunceq im|ong ec |ehcnoegpm è eqmq cuhn|eq'

Cnq |ehcnq ntu`ng n fnae| oîq iîadc t nh|n`nlce cn amgydyegadn t

cn rn|pdadrnadñg egp|e cnq re|qmgnq' N luqan|

R|ehugpn n puq inodcdn|eq t nodhmq qml|e cnq |ehcnq ~ue evdqpeg eganqn# eg cmq kuehmq m èrm|peq eg cmq ~ue rn|pdadrnq'

Amoegpn eg h|urm ~uä mrdgnq qml|e eqpnq |ehcnq;½Qmg iîadceq è auorcd|=# ½~uä rnqn qd gm qe auorceg=@e cnq |ehcnq amoegpn`nq# ecdkng cnq ~ue rueèg qe|yd| rn|n cn

amgydyegadn eg ec qncñg è acnqeq' Qu r|mieqm| cnq eqa|dld|î eg ugnan|pucdgn' Amgqä|yegcn'

Naadmgeq t amgqeauegadnq

Mlqe|yn cnq qdhudegpeq doîhegeq t rcnpdan amg pu h|urm cm ~ue quaeè;

Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq;½~uä rnqn aung`m gm{

qe |eqrepng cnq |ehcnq=



LCMÛE D19

Cnq |ehcnq

Cnq |ehcnq è cn eqauecn t èc qncñg dg`dang cm ~ue qe rueè fnae| t

cm ~ue gm qe èle fnae| rm|~ue nieapn n cmq amornþe|mq t nc p|nlnkmeg acnqe'

Äqpnq qmg cnq |ehcnq ~ue eqa|dldñ ug h|urm è r|doe| h|n`m èugn eqauecn'

Amoegpn amg ec h|urm auîg`m èleg mleèae|qe eqnq |ehcnq'

Cm ~ue qe ynce

Rcnpd~ueg qml|e –cm ~ue qe ynce‟ t –cm ~ue gm qe ynce‟ ègp|m ècqncñg è acnqeq'

\eaure|eg cn an|pucdgn ~ue pdege cnq |ehcnq' Ec oneqp|m cnq cee|î eg ym{ ncpn'

Amoegpeg qd eqpîg amorcepnq t qd qmg ûpdceq' Fnhng cmq anoldmqgeaeqn|dmq fnqpn pege| cn ye|qdñg èidgdpdyn'

Amgye|qeg qml|e cnq |ehcnq eg cn eqauecn t eg ec qncñg è acnqeq'




Mlqe|yn añom eqpîg eqa|dpnq cnq rncnl|nq#½eg ~uä anoldng=

Aung`m gmq |eie|domq n `mq m oîqmlkepmq qe updcd{n ec rcu|nc' Aung`m gmq|eie|domq qñcm n ugm qe uqn ec qdghucn|'

Cn ontm| rn|pe è cnq rncnl|nq ~uepe|odgng amg n am||eqrmgèg nc häge|mieoegdgm' Cn ontm|ïn è cnq ~ue idgncd{ngamg m am||eqrmgèg nc onqaucdgm'

lmpeq

gdþn

lmpe

gdþm

®N kuhn| amg cnqrncnl|nq.

Nfm|n yng n kuhn| n cnCmpe|ïn amg quq gmol|eq'½Auîceq qe|îg cnq |ehcnq èc

kuehm=Ec oneqp|m ecnlm|n|î cmq

pnlce|mq è gmol|eq ècmq ncuogmq èc qncñg t|eaure|n|î cnq pn|kepnq amgquq gmol|eq'

Updcdaeg ug pnlce|m tidafnq rn|n qeþncn| cmqgmol|eq ~ue qe angpeg egcn cmpe|ïn'

Hngn ec r|doe|m ~ueamorcepe pm`mq cmq gmol|eqèc pnlce|m'

An`n ye{ ~ue |edgdadeg ec kuehm# anoldeg è angpm|'

Cnq |ehcnq pnoldäg qmg geaeqn|dnq rn|n fnlcn| t eqa|dld|'Uge cn donheg amg cn rncnl|n ~ue am||eqrmg`n;



LCMÛE D16

Cmq an|peceq

Rn|n pege| n cn ydqpn cnq |ehcnq t |eam|`n|cnq qe rueèg updcd{n|

an|peceq' \eydqn cmq qdhudegpeq;

Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq;

½Añom qmg cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq={

½ûä amcm|eq qe updcd{ng={

½@e ~uä pnonþm qmg cnq cep|nq={

½Rm| ~uä cnq cep|nq ~ue fnt eg ug an|pec qmg h|ngèq={

Aud`m

eqamcn|eq

odq ûpdceq

t onpe|dnceqcn lnqu|n

eg qu cuhn|

Amcmam

od pu|gm

rn|pdadrn|

rn|n

Eqre|m

amornþe|mqn odq

t

Eqauafm

oneqp|mq




R|mùapm idgnc

\eûgngqe eg e~udrm rn|n ecnlm|n| qu

an|pec'>' P|nlnkeg amg ugn è cnq |ehcnq ~ue ceq

|ern|pd|î qu oneqp|m'<' P|npeg è cee| cn |ehcn ~ue ceq pmañ'1' Ugn ye{ ~ue qerng cm ~ue `dae#

r|mrmghng cn im|on è dcuqp|n|cn'Luq~ueg impmh|niïnq eg |eydqpnq mfnhng `dlukmq ~ue cn |er|eqegpeg'

Oueqp|eg qu an|pec nc |eqpm èc h|urm tevrcd~ueg è ~uä qe p|npn' Qd rueèg#ceng n quq amornþe|mq cm ~ue eqpî eqa|dpmeg cmq an|peceq'

Rehueg quq an|peceq eg ec qncñg rn|n~ue pm`mq |eaue|èg cnq |ehcnq ~ueeqpnlceade|mg'

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq qml|e eqper|mteapm;

½Añom cmh|n|mg ~ue{

cnq |ehcnq r|eqegpn`nqeg cmq an|peceq iue|ngacn|nq=½Añom qmg cmq an|peceq{

~ue ecnlm|n|mg=½Rn|n ~uä qd|ye rehn|{

ug an|pec eg ug cuhn|ydqdlce=



01EYNCUNADÑG @EC LCM^UE D

Eqa|dle qml|e cn cïgen cn rncnl|n `ec mlkepm m cmq mlkepmq ~ue qe peoueqp|ng'



CM̂

U

EDD

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq nr|egè|n updcd{n| pnlcnq è |ehdqp|m' Eg eccnq|ehdqp|n|îq dgim|onadñg nae|an è cm ~uen pu h|urm ce huqpn kuhn|'

Cmq `npmq ~ue mlpeghnq cmq `n|îq namgmae| eg ec re|dñ`dam eqamcn|'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;pnlcnq è |ehdqp|m è `npmq{

cdl|mq è angadmgeq t kuehmq{

an|pucdgnq{

r|mteapm; eorcen| pnlcnq

rn|n ec |ehdqp|m è `npmq

Îoldpm; Eqpu`dm



EQPU@DM 05

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½ûä napdyd`nèq |encd{nq ù|ngpe ec |ea|em=# ½qnleq auîceq qmg cmq

kuehmq r|eie|d`mq è puq amornþe|mq= Qd ceq r|ehugpn|nq# ½añomrm`|ïnq |ehdqp|n| quq |eqrueqpnq=# ½amgmaeq cnq pnlcnq rn|n |ehdqp|n|`npmq= Amoegpn amg pu h|urm'

Cmq kuehmq eg cn eqauecn

Cn eqauecn –Gnadmgeq Ugd`nq‟ pdege ug rnpdm h|ngè eg `mgè cmqncuogmq kuehng ù|ngpe ec |ea|em' Qe ceq r|ehugpñ n cmq gdþmq è ugh|urm; ½auîc eq pu kuehm r|eie|d`m= Cn dgim|onadñg ~ue qe mlpuym qe|ehdqp|ñ eg cn qdhudegpe pnlcn;

Cmq kuehmq r|eie|d`mq èc h|urm >² –L‟Eqauecn –Gnadmgeq Ugd`nq‟

Gmol|e ̀ec kuehm Ympmq Pmpnc

Iuplmc ----- ----- -- ><

Qncpn| cn |enpn ---- 0Nydmgadpm ----- -- 8

An||e|dpnq ----- 5

Onpnpegn ---- 0

\mg`nq &yn|dnq$ ----- ----- >2

Mlqe|yn cn pnlcn è |ehdqp|m' Äqpn re|odpe m|hngd{n| `npmq tr|eqegpn| dgim|onadñg'


½Auîc eq ec kuehm ~ue r|eide|eg cmq gdþmq è eqe h|urm={

½ûä dgim|onadñg pe qd|ydñ rn|n |eqrmgè| cn r|ehugpn={

Eg pu h|urm;

½Añom rm`|ïnq qnle| auîc eq ec kuehm ~ue oîq ceq huqpn={



LCM^UE DD09

Kuehmq t kuhuepeq

Eqa|dle cnq rncnl|nq ~ue am||eqrmg`eg n an`n `dlukm# ntû`npe amg pu

ncinlepm oñydc'

l n c e | m



EQPU@DM 08

Kuehmq rn|n angpn| t lndcn|

½Fnq kuhn`m nchugn è eqpnq |mg`nq=

Ec rnpdm è od anqn{

@mþn Lcngan{

Cn |ue`n è qng Odhuec{

Cn yïlm|n è cn on|{

N luqan|

R|ehugpn n puq rnrîq cnq cep|nq èeqpnq |mg`nq t è mp|nq oîq ~ue qenamqpuol|nlng kuhn| eg ec |ea|em aung`meccmq e|ng gdþmq'

Rcnpdan eg ec qncñg qml|e eqmq kuehmq' Kuähncmq amg puq amornþe|mq'

Amgqucpn eg'''

Amgqucpn cmq Amoreg`dmq è kuehm ~ue fdade|mg cmqncuogmq è qevpm h|n`mè cmq nþmq rnqn`mq t ~ueèkn|mg eg cn ldlcdmpean èpu qncñg'



LCMÛE DD06

Ngmpn cmq kuehmq eg ugn pnlcn

Rcnpdan n pu h|urm qml|e cmq kuehmq ~ue oîq pe huqpn|mg'

Eg h|urm# ecnlm|eg eg ugn fmkn è |mpnimcdmq ugn pnlcn amg eqmq `npmq'\ehdqp|eg cn qdhudegpe dgim|onadñg;

Gmol|eq è cmq kuehmq'{

Ympmq è cmq gdþmq n ~udegeq ceq huqpn an`n kuehm'{

Pmpnc è ympmq rn|n an`n kuehm'{

Gmol|e ̀ec kuehm Ympmq Pmpnc

An`n ye{ ~ue qe oegadmge ug kuehm ~uepe huqpe# ceyngpn cn ongm' Nchudeg amgpn|îec gûoe|m è ympmq'

Mlqe|yn cmq `npmq ngmpn`mq t amoegpnamg puq amornþe|mq cn dgim|onadñg|ehdqp|n`n eg cn pnlcn;

½Auîc kuehm ceq huqpn oîq=

½Auîc eq ec ~ue oegmq ceq huqpn=

An|repn èc qnle|

Eqa|dle eg ugn fmkn ecgmol|e èc kuehm ~ue oîqpe huqpn t fn{ ug `dlukmè äc'Huî|`ncm eg cn An|repnèc qnle|' \eaue|`n ngmpn|pu gmol|e'



EQPU@DM 04

angdanq|enpn

lnce|m

Cmq kuehmq ~ue gmq huqpng

Mlqe|yn cnq doîhegeq t cee cnq rncnl|nq ~ue cnq namornþng'

Amorcepn cmq idgnceq `e cmq qdhudegpeq pevpmq amg cn rncnl|n ~ueam||eqrmg`n;

hcmlmq

N Qn|n ce huqpn kuhn| n cn |

N On|dm ce huqpn kuhn| n cnq a

N `mg Rere ce huqpn kuhn| amg ec l

N Gm|on ce huqpn kuhn| amg cmq h

Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq'

½Añom qurdqpe cm ~ue ce huqpn kuhn| n Qn|n={

½^uä `die|egadn fnt egp|e cn angdan t cnq angdanq={



LCMÛE DD52


\eûgepe amg ug amornþe|m rn|n kuhn| nc –Oeom|non è kuehmq t kuhuepeq‟'\eam|pn cnq pn|kepnq ~ue egamgp|n|îq eg cn qeaadñg |eam|pnlce'Kuehn n luqan| cn pn|kepn ~ue fnhn rn|' ûdeg kugpe oîq pn|kepnq# hngn'

>0

Rn|n dgim|on| cmq |equcpn`mq

Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq cn onge|nè dgim|on| n cn amougd`n` eqamcn| cmq`npmq mlpegd`mq eg cn pnlcn è |ehdqp|m ècmq kuehmq;

½ûä yng n dgim|on|={

½Añom yng n r|eqegpn|{

cn dgim|onadñg rm| eqa|dpm=

Ug ekeorcm qe egauegp|neg cn qdhudegpe donheg;



Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Rcnpdan amg puq amornþe|mq'½Rn|n ~uä qd|ye |ehdqp|n|{

cn dgim|onadñg egpnlcnq=½Añom qe mlpdegeg cmq{

`npmq ~ue qe |ehdqp|ngeg ugn pnlcn=½ûä dgim|onadñg{

mlpuyde|mg=

EQPU@DM 5>

R|mùapm idgnc

Amcnlm|n rn|n fnae| ec dgim|oe è pu

h|urm eg ugn fmkn è |mpnimcdmq'Pu oneqp|m |ehdqp|n|î cn dgim|onadñg~ue ce r|mrm|admgeg'

\eydqeg ~ue quq dènq eqpäg eqa|dpnq amgacn|d`n`' Ye|did~ueg ~ue cnq pe|odgnadmgeqè cnq rncnl|nq qeng cnq nèaun`nqaung`m qe |eide|ng n gdþnq m n gdþmq# nugn m n yn|dnq amqnq'

@eqruäq è cee| ec dgim|oe ecdkng ecpïpucm ~ue cceyn|î'

Nc pe|odgn|# rulcd~ueg cn pnlcn è|ehdqp|m t ec dgim|oe idgnc eg ec re|dñ`dameqamcn|' Dgydpeg n quq inodcdn|eq rn|namoegpn|ceq cmq |equcpn`mq mlpegd`mq'



Nupmeyncunadñg


Cm fnhmout ldeg



Eqa|dlm gmol|eq è kuehmq t kuhuepeq'

Cem nchugmq pevpmq amg cnq cep|nq ~ueamgm{am'

\ehdqp|m `npmq eg ugn pnlcn'

Dgpe|r|epm cn dgim|onadñg è ugn pnlcn'

LCMÛE DD5<



LCMÛE DD50

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq ccegn|idafnq è r|äqpnom rn|n ~ue cceyeq cdl|mqn anqn t amorn|pnq qu ceapu|n amg puqinodcdn|eq t nodhmq'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean èc nucn{

r|mtEapm; EorcEn| EcqE|Ydadm È r|äqpnom n`modadcdm È onpE|dncEq È

cn ldlcdmpEan Èc qncñg

Îoldpm; Cdpe|npu|n



CDPE\NPU\N 55

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½Qnleq ~uä eq ugn ldlcdmpean=# ½qnleq

~ue nchugnq ldlcdmpeanq re|odpeg cceyn|cmq cdl|mq n anqn=

Amoegpn amg pu h|urm cm ~ue amgmaeqnae|an èc qe|ydadm è r|äqpnom n`modadcdm è ugn ldlcdmpean'

½ûä qe geaeqdpn rn|n re`d| r|eqpn`m{

ug cdl|m=½ûä rnqn qd gm cm èyuecyeq={

Gueqp|m qe|ydadm è r|äqpnom è cdl|mq

Eg cnq eqauecnq# ouqemq# fmqrdpnceq t mp|mq cuhn|eq fnt ldlcdmpeanq'Cnq ldlcdmpeanq r|eqpng cmq cdl|mq rn|n cee|cmq eg qu r|mrdn qncn è

ceapu|n m rn|n cceyn|cmq n `modadcdm'Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq;

½Rn|n ~uä qd|ye cceyn|qe cmq cdl|mq n anqn={

½ûä cdl|m è cn ldlcdmpean è pu qncñg ecehd|îq rn|n cceyn|pe={

½ûä èleq fnae| rn|n cceyn|cmq n anqn={

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Fnae ouafm pdeorm cndgim|onadñg qe hun|`nln egpnlcdccnq è ln||m# rm|~ue gmevdqpïn ec rnrec'



LCMÛE DD59

Mlqe|yn añom eqpîg acnqdidan`mq cmqcdl|mq ~ue qe yeg eg ec cdl|e|m'@eqruäq# evrcm|n cn ldlcdmpean è pu qncñg

t qeþncn;

½Añom eqpîg acnqdidan`mq cmq cdl|mq={

½ûä mp|m peon rm`|ïn nrn|eae| eg{

eqn acnqdidanadñg=

N luqan|

Pmon ug cdl|m è cn ldlcdmpean è pu qncñg t amrdn qml|e cn cïgen;

½Añom qe ccnon ec cdl|m= &ec pïpucm$

½ûdäg cm eqa|dldñ= &gmol|e èc nupm|$

½ûä e`dpm|dnc cm rulcdañ=

Amoegpn; ½rn|n ~uä qd|ye amgmae| eqpmq`npmq=

Eq r|mlnlce ~ue eg pu qncñg qe auegpeamg ugn ldlcdmpean' Rn|n ~ue pm`mqrue`ng qmcdadpn| cdl|mq# èleg nam|`n| cnq

|ehcnq' Rm| ekeorcm;½ûä `ïn è cn qeongn rueèg cceyn|{

cmq cdl|mq n anqn=½ûä `ïn è cn qeongn èleg |eh|eqn|{

cmq cdl|mq n cn eqauecn=


Eqa|dle rncnl|nq ~uedgdadeg amg an`n ugn ècnq cep|nq è cn rncnl|ncdl|m'

c îrd{

d

l

|

m



CDPE\NPU\N 58

\eqrmgè;

½Añom qe ccnon ec cdl|m={

½Eg ~uä rn|pe è cn idafn qe ngmpn ec gmol|e èc nupm| èc cdl|m={

½@ñgè èle d| eqa|dpm ec gmol|e èc ceapm|={

Luqan eg cn qeaadñg |eam|pnlce cnq idafnq è r|äqpnom n `modadcdm t|eañ|pncnq' Äqpnq pe qe|yd|îg rn|n qmcdadpn| ug cdl|m è cn ldlcdmpean'

An`n ye{ ~ue qmcdadpeq ug cdl|m r|eqpn`m ccegn|îq cn idafn èr|äqpnom amg cmq `npmq ~ue qe rdèg' Nqï qe qnl|î ~udäg qe cm cceyñ t cnieafn eg ~ue èle èymcye|cm' Pnoldäg |eam|pn pu a|eègadnc è ceapm|'

Idafnq è r|äqpnom

Ldlcdmpean è Nucn

Idafn è r|äqpnom è cdl|m

Pïpucm; Onpïnq t ec rnqpec è i|eqnq

Nupm|; Kmqä Rncmom

Gmol|e èc ceapm|; Qngpdnhm Qnuae`m \noï|e{

Ieafn è r|äqpnom; 4 è qerpdeol|e è <2>>

Ieafn è èymcuadñg; >0 è qerpdeol|e è <2>>

A|eègadnc è ceapm|

Eqa|dle puq `npmq eg cn a|eègadnc' Ûqncnaung`m ~ude|nq re`d| ug cdl|m r|eqpn`m'Aung`m qmcdadpeq ug cdl|m n `modadcdmgeaeqdpn|îq èkn|cn eg hn|ngpïn rn|n~ue pe cm r|eqpeg'

A| eègadnc è ceapm|

Eqauecn; Legdp m Kuî| e{

Ncuogm; Qngp dnhm Qnuae`m

\noï | e{

H| urm; >» L

Mlqe|yn cn idafn'

4



LCMÛE DD56

\ehcnoegpm è cn ldlcdmpean

Amoegpeg eg h|urm auîceq |ehcnq qmg geaeqn|dnq rn|n ~ue ecr|äqpnom è cdl|mq iugadmge'

½ûä èleg fnae| rn|n cceyn| ug cdl|m n anqn={

½Auîgpm pdeorm cm rueèg pege| eg anqn={

½Añom èleg aud`n|cm={

½Auîg`m èleg èymcye|cm={

Amg cnq |eqrueqpnq# r|mrmghng cnq |ehcnq geaeqn|dnq rn|n ecr|äqpnom# rn|n ~ue ec oneqp|m cnq eqa|dln eg ugn an|pucdgn' Aung`meqpä pe|odgn`m ec |ehcnoegpm# rähuegcm eg ug cuhn| ydqdlce èc qncñg'

@npmq èc cdl|m

½Qnleq ~uä cdl|m pe ynq n cceyn| n anqn= Evrcm|n cmq onpe|dnceq è cnldlcdmpean è pu qncñg t qeceaadmgn ug cdl|m'

Rmgpe è naue|`m amg puq amornþe|mq rn|n ~ue an`n ugmqeceaadmge ug pïpucm `die|egpe'

Amg ntu`n è pu oneqp|m# cmancd{n cmq `npmq ~ue èleg nrn|eae|eg cn idafn è r|äqpnom t añrdncmq'

\eaue|`n ~ue qe ccegn ugn idafn rm| an`n cdl|m ~ue qe rdè r|eqpn`m'

v i e a f n v v v v v v

v e ` d p m | d n c v v

v v v v v v v v v v v v


v v v v v c e a p m | v


v p ï p u c m v v v v v

v v v v v v v n u p m |


Egauegp|n cnq qdhudegpeqrncnl|nq# |ecnadmgn`nqamg cn idafn è r|äqpnom#eg cn qmrn è cep|nq;pïpucm # nupm| # e`dpm|dnc #ieafn # ceapm| '



CDPE\NPU\N 54

R|mùapm idgnc

Rn|n dgnuhu|n| ec qe|ydadm è r|äqpnom

è cdl|mq# qmcdadpn ec cdl|m ~ue ecehdqpe#egp|ehn pu idafn è r|äqpnom t èkn pua|eègadnc è ceapm|' ®@dqi|upn pu ceapu|n.

\eaue|`n èymcye| ec cdl|m eg cn ieafnqeþncn`n t nc egp|ehn|cm# |eamhe cn idafn

t pu a|eègadnc'Rcnpdan eg pu h|urm è ~uä p|npng cmq

cdl|mq ~ue cceynq n anqn'

An|repn èc qnle|

An`n ye{ ~ue pe èyuecyngugn idafn è r|äqpnom#rähncn eg ugn fmkn tecnlm|n ug `dlukm è cm~ue oîq pe huqpñ èc cdl|m'Huî|`ncn eg pu An|repn'

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Nfm|n ~ue tn cceynqpe cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpeanè pu qncñg n anqn# amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq'

½Añom eqpîg m|hngd{n`mq cmq onpe|dnceq{

è cn ldlcdmpean è pu qncñg=½Amg ~udäg t auîg`m ceïqpe cmq cdl|mq={

½Ec pdeorm è r|äqpnom iue quidadegpe{

rn|n cee|cm=½ûä mp|mq cdl|mq pe huqpn|ïn cceyn| n{

anqn=½Auîc eq cn yegpnkn èc r|äqpnom è cdl|mq{

n `modadcdm=

Amgqucpn eg'''

Mp|n mradñg rn|n cee|cdl|mq eq n p|nyäq è cmqoe`dmq eceap|ñgdamq'Rueèq amgqucpn| nchugmqeg cmq qdhudegpeq qdpdmq èdgpe|gep;xxx'ldlcdmpeanynqamgaecmq'hml'ovxxx'cep|nqoevdangnq'ovxxx'lgò'amo'ov



LCMÛE DD92


Cm fnhmout ldeg



Dègpdidam cmq `npmq eg cn rm|pn`nè ug cdl|m'

Ccegm cn idafn è r|äqpnom'

\eamgm{am cn updcd`n` èc r|äqpnomè cdl|mq n `modadcdm'

Nupmeyncunadñg



LCM^UE DD9<

Ec r|mrñqdpm `e eqpe r|mteapmeq evrcm|n| yn|dmq re|dñ`damqrn|n amorn|pd| gmpdadnq amg cnamougd`n` eqamcn|'


re|dñ`damq{

an|pucdgnq{

r|mtEapm; cEE| Ec rE|dñ`dam





Cm ~ue amgm{am

½Qnleq rn|n ~uä qd|yeg cmq re|dñ`damq=# ½fnq fmken`m nchugm=# ½~uä

pdrm `e dgim|onadñg r|eqegpng=Amoegpn qml|e nchugnq gmpdadnq ~ue fntnq eqauafn`m'



LCMÛE DD90

Cnq gmpdadnq

Mlqe|yn cnq gmpdadnq è eqpe re|dñ`dam;

EC GMPDADMQMOävdam# 0 è `dadeol|e è <2>>

Qe nr|mlñ ugn |eim|on n cn Cet He/

ge|nc ̀ e Qncu` rn|n ~ue cnq eqauecnq rmghng eg on|afn cn r|îapdan `dn/|dn è eke|adadm iïqdam' Mp|n oe`d`neq imoegpn| ugn ncdoegpnadñg oîqqncu`nlce# rn|n eqpm qe qur|dod|îcn yegpn è ncdoegpmq è lnkm yncm| gup|doegpnc rm| amgpege| evaeqm èh|nqn t n{ûan|eq' Eqpmq ncdoegpmqqe|îg quqpdpud`mq rm| mp|mq oîq qn/cu`nlceq amom i|upnq t nhunq i|eq/

anq# egp|e mp|mq'

Ec rnqn`m < è `dadeol|e# ec r|eqd/ègpe è cn \erûlcdan egp|ehñ |e/amgmadodegpmq n cmq oekm|eq p|nln/ kmq èc amgau|qm –Fmoegnke n cmqqïolmcmq rnp|dmq‟# |encd{n`mq rm|

ncuogmq è eqauecnq r|don|dnq èpm`m ec rnïq'

Cn ae|eomgdn qe aecel|ñ eg cn|eqdègadn midadnc è Cmq Rdgmq'

Amgp|n cn mleqd`n`

R|eodnadñg è ncuogmqhngn`m|eq




Cnq gmpdadnq

Mlqe|yeg cnq doîhegeq ~ue nrn|eaeg eg ec gmpdadmqm t# eg rn|eknq#

evr|eqeg;½@e ~uä a|eeg ~ue p|npng cnq gmpdadnq={

Eqauafeg cn ceapu|n ~ue fnae qu oneqp|m è cnq gmpdadnq t amoegpeg;

½ûä naadmgeq amgp|n cn mleqd`n` qe |encd{ng eg cnq eqauecnq={

½ûdägeq |eadlde|mg cmq r|eodmq èc amgau|qm –Fmoegnke n cmq{

qïolmcmq rnp|dmq‟=

N luqan|

Eg rn|eknq# ecdkng ugn gmpdadn è ugre|dñ`dam t amoegpeg qml|e eccn;

½@e ~uä p|npn cn gmpdadn={

Qd pdege impm# ½~uä fnt eg cn donheg={

Rn|n amorn|pd| cnq gmpdadnq

Amorn|png quq amgacuqdmgeq amg ec h|urm t ouäqp|egce cn gmpdadn'Mp|mq e~udrmq mrdgn|îg nae|an è cm ~uerdegqng ~ue p|npn cn gmpdadn'Ugn ye{ ~ue qu oneqp|m cn cen# amoegpeg;

½Nchudeg nae|pñ={

½Añom cm cmh|ñ={



LCMÛE DD99

Cnq qeaadmgeq

Eg e~udrmq# |eam|peg è cmq re|dñ`damq

~ue cceyn|mg cmq gmol|eq è cnq `dqpdgpnqqeaadmgeq t amoegpeg;

½Rn|n ~uä qd|ye m|hngd{n| re|dñ`damq{

eg qeaadmgeq=½ûä pdrm è dgim|onadñg qe egauegp|n{

eg cnq `die|egpeq qeaadmgeq=

Ecdkng ugn qeaadñg èc re|dñ`dam tmlqe|yeg cnq impmh|niïnq' Amoegpeg;½è ~uä a|eeg ~ue p|npn eqn qeaadñg=Dègpdid~ueg nchugmq pïpucmq'

An|repn èc qnle|

Eg ugn fmkn# ecnlm|n ugncdqpn è cnq qeaadmgeq ècre|dñ`dam egamgp|n`nq rm|pu e~udrm t huî|`ncn eg puAn|repn'





Im|oeg e~udrmq' An`ne~udrm èle|î amgpn| amgug re|dñ`dam amorcepm'Ec oneqp|m rdè ugnqeaadñg èc re|dñ`dam tcmq e~udrmq p|npng èegamgp|n| cm ~ue rdè'

Cmq fm|n|dmq rn|n nqdqpd|{

n ugn iugadñg è adge'®Eg an|pece|n.Cmq |equcpn`mq è ugn{

amorepegadn èrm|pdyn'®Eg èrm|peq.Cnq mie|pnq è eorcem{

rn|n nchudeg ~ue luqanp|nlnkm'®Eg ngugadmqacnqdidan`mq.

Ec e~udrm ~ue r|doe|moueqp|e cn qeaadñgam||eapn# |eadld|î ugnrcnuqm èc h|urm'

R|mùapm idgnc

@e cnq gmpdadnq ~ue cete|mg# ½auîceq

amgqdè|ng dgpe|eqngpeq rn|n cnamougd`n` eqamcn|=Qeceaadmgeg cnq ~ue èqeng amorn|pd| t

rähuegcnq eg ec re|dñ`dam ou|nc'

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq;

½Rm| ~uä ceq ccnoñ cn{

npegadñg cn gmpdadn ~ueecdhde|mg=½Añom rueèg qnle| è{

~uä p|npn ugn gmpdadn=½ûä pdrm è gmpdadn{

egamgp|nqpe eg cnq`die|egpeq qeaadmgeq=



LCMÛE DD96


Cm fnhmout ldeg



\eamgm{am `die|egpeq qeaadmgeq ècre|dñ`dam'

Amoegpm è ~uä rueè p|npn| ug pevpmn rn|pd| è impmq e dcuqp|nadmgeq'

Dègpdidam rncnl|nq nrmtîg`moe egcep|nq ~ue amgm{am'

Nupmeyncunadñg



LCMÛE DD82

Updcd{n cnq cep|nq ~ue im|ong ugn rncnl|n rn|n im|on| mp|nq rncnl|nq:rm| ekeorcm è;

QNC

Updcd{n cnq rncnl|nq è cmq |eaun`|mq rn|n amorcepn| cn pnlcn;

|mg`nq recmpn cmpe|ïn iuplmc

lnce|m egangpn`mq ouþean angdanq

Kuehmq Kuhuepeq

Eyncunadñg èc lcm~ue DD

E Q C @G N N N



CM̂

U

EDDD

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq eqa|dld|gmpnq qml|e cmq amormgegpeq gnpu|nceq# rn|nrulcdan|cnq eg ec re|dñ`dam eqamcn|'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cdl|m è cn nqdhgnpu|n Evrcm|nadñg è{

cn Gnpu|nce{n t cn Qmade`n`

cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean è cn eqauecn m{

pu qncñg

an|pucdgnq{

recmpn è eqpnol|e{

r|mtEapm; Eqa|dld| gmpnqdgim|onpdYnq l|EYEq

Îoldpm; Eqpu`dm



EQPU@DM 81

Cm ~ue amgm{am

Eg cn nqdhgnpu|n è Evrcm|nadñg è cn Gnpu|nce{n t cn

Qmade`n` amgmadqpe nchugmq amormgegpeq gnpu|nceq'½Auîceq |eaue|`nq=# ½~uä amormgegpeq mlqe|ynq n punc|eè`m|= Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq'



LCMÛE DDD80

| m

q c

| c

m þ

y e

Cmq gmol|eq è cmq amormgegpeq

Eg e~udrm# ecdkng èc Ncinlepm Oñydc cnq cep|nq ~ue fnaeg incpn rn|n

amorcepn| ec gmol|e è an`n amormgegpe gnpu|nc'Amorcepn an`n gmol|e'

Qmcen`m t ancu|mqm

\eydqn ec lcm~ue DD è pu cdl|m èEvrcm|nadñg è cn Gnpu|nce{n tcn Qmade`n`'

Mlqe|yn cnq doîhegeq tamoegpn ~uä |ecnadñg pdegeg amgcmq amormgegpeq gnpu|nceq'



EQPU@DM 85

gulcn`m n|lmcn`m ccuydmqm omgpnþmqm ancu|mqm

Ec `ïn nongeadñ

Eqpe rndqnke eq

Eg eqpn rcntn ec acdon eq

Pnc ye{ ccueyn rm|~ue eqpî

Eq ug fe|omqm lmq~ue

Ecdhe ugn rncnl|n `ec |eaun`|m rn|n amorcepn| cm qdhudegpe;



LCMÛE DDD89


Rn|n eqpe kuehm geaeqdpn|îg ugnrecmpn è eqpnol|e'Qdägpegqe eg aï|aucm'

Qu oneqp|m `d|î; Qnlïnq{

~ue'''# t cng{n|î cn recmpn èeqpnol|e n nchugm è uqpeèq'N ~udeg ce pm~ue# èle|î{

amorcepn| cn i|nqe amgnchm ~ue qern qml|e cmqamormgegpeq gnpu|nceq'Rm| ekeorcm; Qnlïnq ~ue''' egye|ngm ccueye ouafm'Aung`m |eqrmg`n# cng{n cn{

recmpn n mp|m ncuogm t `dae;Qnlïnq ~ue…



EQPU@DM 88

Gmpnq dgim|onpdynq l|eyeq

Ceng ec qdhudegpe pevpm;

Ec ymcaîg eq ugn eceynadñg amg ug nhuke|m eg cn adonccnon`m a|îpe|' Aung`m ug ymcaîg fnae e|uradñg icute cnyn

fnadn cn qure|idade# nqï amom hnqeq# ynrm|eq n|`degpeq t |man

iug`d`n ccnon`n onhon' Nchugmq ymcangeq è Oävdam qmg; ec

Rmrmanpärepc# ec D{pnaaïfunpc# cn Oncdgafe t ec Rdam è M|d{nln'

Cuhm Fulr# Kmqä' @daadmgn|dm hemom|imcñhdam'

Oävdam# UGNO# >464' rîh' <>4'

\eqrmgè cm qdhudegpe;½ûä eq ug ymcaîg={

½Añom qe ccnon ec nhuke|m èc{

ymcaîg=½ûä rnqn aung`m fnae{

e|uradñg ug ymcaîg=½ûä eq ec onhon={

½ûä ymcangeq fnt eg Oävdam={

Amg cnq |eqrueqpnq# ecnlm|n gmpnqdgim|onpdynq l|eyeq amom cnqdhudegpe;

Qnlïnq ~ue…

• Ec ymcaîg eq ugn eceynadñg amg a|îpe|'

•

•

•



LCMÛE DDD86

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Ec nhun eq ug eceoegpmgnpu|nc' ½Qnlïnq ~ue pmon|nhun qdorce rmpnlce eqdorm|pngpe rn|n ugnncdoegpnadñg am||eapn=

An|repn èc qnle|

Amrdn# eg ugn fmkn# cngmpn dgim|onpdyn ~ueamgqdè|eq oîq dgpe|eqngpee dcûqp|ncn rn|n ~ue cndgpeh|eq n pu An|repn'

@eqadi|n cn gmpn

Kugpm amg ug amornþe|m# èqaul|ng cn

gmpn dgim|onpdyn ~ue qe egauegp|n eg ecî|lmc'Eqa|ïlngcn eg cn cïgen'



EQPU@DM 84

R|mùapm idgnc

Eqauafeg cn ceapu|n è mp|mq pevpmq{

qml|e amormgegpeq gnpu|nceq'Amoegpeg cmq `npmq ~ue ceq rn|e{ang{

oîq dgpe|eqngpeq'Eg e~udrmq# ecnlm|eg gmpnq{

dgim|onpdynq' \ern|png pn|enq;odegp|nq ugm `dapn cn gmpn# mp|m cneqa|dle t mp|m cn |eydqn t oekm|n'\eaue|èg ~ue cn gmpn èle{

amoeg{n| amg cn i|nqe; Qnlïnq ~ue…Eqa|ïlngcnq eg ugn fmkn'{

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq qml|e cm~ue nr|eg`de|mg eg eqper|mteapm;

½ûä gmpnq dgim|onpdynq{

ceq rn|eade|mg oîqdgpe|eqngpeq=½ûä fdadqpe rn|n{

eqa|dld| ugn gmpndgim|onpdyn=½ûä anoldmq fdadqpe{

n pu lm||n`m| è gmpndgim|onpdyn=

An`n e~udrm r|eqegpn|î quq gmpnq nc{

h|urm'Egp|e pm`mq# qeceaadmgeg cnq gmpnq oîq{

dgpe|eqngpeq'An`n e~udrm rnqn|î eg cdordm ugn è{

cnq gmpnq'@diug`ng quq gmpnq dgim|onpdynq n{

p|nyäq èc re|dñ`dam eqamcn| m eg ugre|dñ`dam ou|nc'



EQPU@DM 6>

Rn|n |encd{n| cn gmpndgim|onpdyn; Qdeor|e N yeaeq

Oe incpnfnae|cm


Oe dgpe|eqä rm| luqan|dgim|onadñg'





LCMÛE DDD

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapmeq nr|egè| |donq# amrcnq

t |mg`nq dgingpdceq' Rm`|îqangpn|cnq e dgyegpn| mp|nq rn|nr|eqegpn|cnq n puq amornþe|mq

t inodcdn|eq'


amrcnq t |donq{

cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean è{

pu eqauecn

an|pucdgnq{

r|mtEapm; nr|EgÈ| t amorn|pd| |donq t amrcnq

Îoldpm; Cdpe|npu|n6<



CDPE\NPU\N 61

½Amgmaeq nchugn |don m amrcn ~ue ~udqde|nq amorn|pd| amg puq

amornþe|mq eg ec qncñg= Qmg out amougeq eg nchugmq cuhn|eq ègueqp|m rnïq# ½pe naue|`nq è äqpnq=

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Eg Tuanpîg evdqpeg |donq|moîgpdanq# rïan|nq mh|nadmqnq ~ue qe |eadpngeg ug omoegpm eg ec ~uecn oûqdan qe èpdege# näqpnq qe ceq amgmae amom–lmolnq‟' Cn qdhudegpe equgn è eccnq'

–@daeg ~ue qmt anle{ñg#eqm gd ~udeg cm ùè#qd nqï peghm cn anle{nañom peg`|ä ec am|n{ñg'®Lmoln.‟

Cm ~ue amgm{am

@eqrde|pn# od ldeg# ̀ eqrde|pnod|n ~ue tn nongeadñ'

Tn cmq rnkn|dpmq angpng#cn cugn tn qe oepdñ'

Nfm|n amorn|pe cnq |donq ~ue peqnleq amg puq amornþe|mq# ½|eaue|`nq~uä `daeg=# ½~uä rnqn qd eg cuhn| èangpn|cnq# qñcm cnq ceeq= Rcnpïancm amgpuq amornþe|mq'

Rnkn|dccm# rnkn|dccm#rnkn|dccm ln||ng~ueþm#®ûä lmgdpmq mkmq pdegeq.®Cîqpdon ~ue peghng ùeþm.

Amrcnq è nom| èc imcjcm|e oevdangm' qec' t r|ñc' On|hdp I|egj Ncnpm||e

e Dyeppe Kdoäge{ è Lîe{' Ec Amcehdm è Oävdam# >481'



LCMÛE DDD60

@ec adecm antñ ug re|damamg ugn icm| eg ec rdam:tm qñcm qä ~ue pe ~ude|m#t n gn`de qe cm rcnpdam'

ûä lmgdpmq mkmq pdegeq#|e`mg`dpmq amom ec Qmcqe rn|eaeg n cmq ae|mq~ue oe ruqm ec r|mieqm|'

Mcn ~ue ydege#mcn ~ue yn#®fmcn ouafnafm.#½añom pe yn=

\ecnadmgn an`n amrcn amg ec `dlukm ~ue am||eqrmg`n' Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq eg ~uä qe rn|eaeg cnq cep|nq èqpnan`nq eg geh|dpnq'

N luqan|

R|ehugpn n puq amgmad`mq t inodcdn|eq qd pe rueèg èad| |donq m

amrcnq' Nr|ägècnq t amorî|pecnq amg puq amornþe|mq eg acnqe' ½Auîc fng`dafm puq amornþe|mq ~ue tn amgmaïnq=# ½auîc eq cn ~ue oîq pe huqpñ=


Eqauafn n pu oneqp|m eg cn ceapu|n è cnq qdhudegpeq amrcnq# ½rueèqdègpdidan| auîc eq cn ~ue eqpî ceteg`m=



CDPE\NPU\N 65

Äqpe e|n ug

amg cmq rdeq è

t cmq mkmq nc

½ûde|eq ~ue pe cm auegpe mp|n ye{=

N |don|

Iïknpe eg cn dcuqp|nadñg t# amg puq

amornþe|mq# amorcepn cn qdhudegpe |don'

Amorn|n puq |eqrueqpnq amg cnq è puqamornþe|mq'

Cee cnq rncnl|nq ~ue eqa|dldqpe# ½eg ~uäqe rn|eaeg=

An|repn èc qnle|

Cnq angadmgeq# cnq amrcnqt cn ontm|ïn è cmq ye|qmqqe an|nape|d{ng rm| pege|pe|odgnadmgeq rn|ead`nqm dhunceq ~ue qe ccnong|donq' Luqan nchugnq |donqt huî|`ncnq eg pu An|repn'



LCMÛE DDD66

®Luqan cn |don.

Luq~ueg# eg e~udrm# cn |don è cmq

qdhudegpeq pevpmq;Eg ug gmlce kn|`ïgodc icm|eq è amcm|eqamg lecce{n qdg idgeodpeg quq mcm|eq'

kn|`ïg |don amg

amcm|eq |don amg

Amorn|eg qu p|nlnkm amg ec è cmqmp|mq e~udrmq t evrcd~ueg rm| ~uä |dongcnq rncnl|nq'

Ugn |don amg pu gmol|e

Eqa|dle qml|e cn cïgen pu gmol|e t ugn rncnl|n amg cn ~ue |doe'Mlqe|yn ec ekeorcm; \noñg‑knoñg

Eqa|dle cnq rncnl|nq qml|e cnq cïgenq rn|n ~ue amorcepeq cn |don'

Eg ec oe|an`m oe egamgp|ä n

~ue eqpnln amor|ng`m ug

Dgyegpn mp|nq |donq amg cmq gmol|eq è puq amornþe|mq' Amorn|pe pup|nlnkm amg ec h|urm'

Nfm|n eq pu pu|gm rn|n om`didan| ugn amrcn è cnq ~ue tn amgmaeq'Ecdhe ugn t anoldn cnq rncnl|nq rm| mp|nq ~ue pnoldäg |doeg' Dcûqp|ncn'

An|repn èc qnle|

Eqa|dle eg ugn fmknrncnl|nq ~ue |doeg'Dgam|rm|n cn fmkn eg puAn|repn'



CDPE\NPU\N 64

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq qml|e cnq|donq t amrcnq ~uer|ern|n|mg eg eqper|mteapm;

½Auîceq tn amgmaïng puq{

inodcdn|eq t nodhmq=½Añom cmh|nqpe{

om`didan| ugn amrcn m|don gueyn=

R|mùapm idgnc

Nr|ägèpe cn amrcn ~ue oîq pe fntn

huqpn`m t egqîtncn rn|n ~ue èqruäq cnr|eqegpeq'Rueèq dgacud| pnoldäg cn |don ~ue

om`didanqpe'@eadè# amg pu h|urm# ec m|èg eg ~ue

rn|pdadrn|î an`n amornþe|m t pnoldäg eccuhn| t cn ieafn è cn r|eqegpnadñg'

Egp|e pm`mq# ecnlm|eg ugn cdqpn amg ecgmol|e è an`n rn|pdadrngpe'

Egqnteg# qdhudeg`m ec m|èg ècr|mh|non'

@eqruäq dgydpeg n quq inodcdn|eq t n cnamougd`n` eqamcn| n eqauafn| quq |donq tamrcnq'



CDPE\NPU\N 4>


Evr|eqm od mrdgdñg'


Pmom naue|`mq eg e~udrm'





LCMÛE DDD4< Îoldpm; Rn|pdadrnadñg amougdpn|dn t inodcdn|

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq amgmae|cn updcd`n` è cmq ngugadmq rn|n ~ueecnlm|eq nchugmq t cmq `diug`nq'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;ngugadmq acnqdidan`mq è cmq{

re|dñ`damq

an|pucdgnq{

r|mtEapm; ngugadn| rm| Eqa|dpm qE|Ydadmq mr|mùapmq È cn cmancd`n`





Amoegpn amg pu h|urm; ½Amgmaeq

re|qmgnq ~ue yeg`ng nchûg r|mùapm=#½~udägeq uqng ngugadmq rn|n mi|eae|cm=#½rn|n ~uä qe ngugadng=

Cmq ngugadmq

Cmq ngugadmq qe uqng rn|n mi|eae| ugqe|ydadm m yegè| ug r|mùapm'

Mlqe|yn cmq qdhudegpeq –ngugadmqacnqdidan`mq‟;

Cm ~ue amgm{am

QE RDGPNG ANQNQ

Qeþm| Kung Kmqä

Hmg{îce{

Pecäimgm 55/44/22

R|eadmq eamgñodamq

ÛEQMQ T A\EON I\EQAN

–EC H\NGKE\M‟

Feafmq amg ceafe

è ynan

Ancce Nlnqmcm 19'

I|egpe nc jdmqam



LCMÛE DDD40

½ûä mi|eae ec r|doe| ngugadm={

½Amg ~uä eqpîg feafmq cmq r|mùapmq={

½ûä qe|ydadm qe mi|eae eg ec qehug`m ngugadm={

½ûdäg cm mi|eae={

N luqan|

R|ehugpn n puq inodcdn|eq m yeadgmq qd mi|eaeg ug qe|ydadm m

ecnlm|ng ug r|mùapm'½Cmq ngugadng= ½Añom rm`|ïnq ngugadn|cmq=Fnhng ugn cdqpn eg ec rd{n||ñg' @dapeg cmq r|mùapmq m

qe|ydadmq'Amg cnq cep|nq è pu Ncinlepm Oñydc im|on cmq gmol|eq

è nchugmq è eqmq r|mùapmq m qe|ydadmq' @eqruäqeqa|ïlecmq qml|e cnq cïgenq'




v v o e a î g d a m v v

v { n r n p e | m v v v

v o m ` d q p n v v v vv v v v v v v v v v v v

a n | r d g p e | m v v


e c e a p | d a d q p n



Egauegp|n cnq qdhudegpeqrncnl|nq;

{nrnpe|m{

eceap|dadqpn{

an|rdgpe|m{

om`dqpn{

oeaîgdam{

OÛQDAMQ

@mg U| lngmAmrc nq ` e p m` mq amc m| eq t rn| n p m` n manqd ñg'P ec ' ; 58 /64/95/50

YE Q PD@M Q R N \ N PM@ N MA N QDÑG

N gn Hn|aïn Qîga fe {

Om ̀d q pnOe|an`m o ug da drn c

`e Qng G dam cî q#

cman c > > /L' Pe cä imgm; 8 8 95 0 1

< >22




Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg pu h|urm;½ûä dgim|onadñg{

amgpdege ug ngugadm=½Rn|n ~uä qd|yeg cmq{

ngugadmq=½Eg `ñgè egauegp|nq{

ngugadmq=

R|mùapm idgnc

Ecnlm|eg# eg e~udrmq# ec lm||n`m| èc ngugadm'

\ern|png pn|enq; ugm `dapn# mp|m eqa|dle t mp|m am||dhe'Dgpe|anoldeg lm||n`m|eq t |eydqeg ~ue qeng acn|mq t ~ue ec pnonþmè cep|n qen nèaun`m'

Rnqeg eg cdordm qu ngugadm eg ugn an|pucdgn'Rähuegcmq eg ec re|dñ`dam ou|nc è qu eqauecn m eg ug cuhn| ydqdlce

t amgau||d`m è qu amougd`n`'



LCMÛE DDD46

Cm fnhmout ldeg



Cmancd{m ngugadmq rulcdadpn|dmq eg odamougd`n`'

Dègpdidam cn dgim|onadñg r|dgadrnc è cmqngugadmq'

Ecnlm|m ngugadmq è r|mùapmq mqe|ydadmq è od cmancd`n`'

Eq pdeorm è |eydqn| cm ~ue fnq nr|eg`d`m èqruäq è p|nlnkn| egeqpe r|mteapm' Cee an`n egugadn`m# on|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó$ cnmradñg amg cn aunc pe dègpdid~ueq'

Nupmeyncunadñg




Nc eqa|dld| od ngugadm; Qdeor|e N yeaeqOe incpnfnae|cm


Fdae r|mrueqpnq rn|n|encd{n| ec p|nlnkm'





LCMÛE DDD>22

Eqa|dle am||eapnoegpe cmq gmol|eq è nchugmq amormgegpeq è cngnpu|nce{n amom;

@eqaul|e cmq oegqnkeq maucpmq t eqa|dle cnq rncnl|nq'

Od pdege ug t qe ce aneg ouafnq

Amrdn am||eapnoegpe ugn |don m amrcn'

Eyncunadñg èc lcm~ue DDD



>2>EYNCUNADÑG @EC LCM^UE DDD

D`egpdidan t eqa|dle rncnl|nq ~ue |dong'

Ceñg |don amgPm|pdccn |don amg

Huqngm |don amg

Rn|n |encd{n| od ngugadm# r|doe|m

@eqruäq

T nc idgnc cm



Îoldpm; Eqpu`dm

r|mteapm; ecnlm|n| ug idafe|m peo îpdam

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq ecnlm|n| ugidafe|m peoîpdam amg cm ~ue dgyeqpdhueq nae|anè ug peon# rn|n amorn|pd|cm amg nodhmq tinodcdn|eq'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean è cn eqauecn{

|eydqpnq omgmh|îidanq{

egadacmre`dn{

pn|kepnq{

rncdpmq è onè|n{

ugn qure|idade rcngn &pnlcn# an|pmgadccm m{

rnrec anqan|ñg$

CM̂

U

EDY

Îoldpm; Eqpu`dm



EQPU@DM >21

Eg `die|egpeq qdpdmq qe uqng idafnqdgim|onpdynq rn|n ~ue cmq nqdqpegpeqamgm{ang cm ~ue qe eqpî r|eqegpng`m'Rm| ekeorcm eg {mmcñhdamq# ouqemq mevrmqdadmgeq' ½Pe fnq idkn`m eg eccnq=#½qnleq ~uä `daeg=# ½añom qmg= Amoegpn`e ~uä a|eeq ~ue p|npng'

Cm ~ue amgm{am



LCMÛE DY>20

Cmq ngdonceq èc {mmcñhdam

Eg ug h|urm è r|doe| nþm è cn eqauecn –Ldaegpegn|dm è cn

Dgèregègadn‟ èad`de|mg p|nlnkn| amg ec peon è cmq ngdonceq èc{mmcñhdam' Ntuèg n eqpe h|urm rn|n ~ue amorcepe qu p|nlnkm'½Auîceq ngdonceq rueèg eqpn| eg ug {mmcñhdam=

>' Ecnlm|eg ugn cdqpn eg ec rd{n||ñg'<' Eqa|dlng eg qu aunè|gm cn cdqpn è cmq ngdonceq'1' Mlqe|yeg ec rd{n||ñg rn|n |eydqn| ~ue cmq gmol|eq eqpäg eqa|dpmq

am||eapnoegpe'



EQPU@DM >25

0' Amorn|eg cmq gmol|eq amg ec qdhudegpeeq~ueon# qd eq geaeqn|dm# amorcäpegcm;

\nqp|e|mq; yïlm|n# cnhn|pm Ymcn`m|eq; on|drmqn# rîkn|m

Pe||eqp|eq; mqm# amgekm

Ngidldmq; |ngn# nkmcmpe

Ngdonceq



LCMÛE DY>29

Ec peon rn|n ecehd|

Eg h|urm# r|mrmghng peonq rn|n dgyeqpdhn|' Qeceaadmgeg ugm#

rm| ekeorcm; cmq ngdonceq# cnq rcngpnq# cnq icm|eq# cmq oe`dmq èp|ngqrm|pe'Qeþnceg cmq rmqdlceq qulpeonq ~ue rue`ng im|on| ec peon

ecehd`m'\ern|png an`n ugm è cmq qulpeonq rm| e~udrmq'

N luqan|

Eg cn ldlcdmpean è cn eqauecn luq~uegdgim|onadñg qml|e ec peon ecehd`m'

Cceyeg nc qncñg cdl|mq t |eydqpnq~ue p|npeg qml|e ec qulpeon'

Eg h|urm# ecnlm|eg r|ehugpnqrn|n èpe|odgn| ec amgpegd`m èqu idafn' Rm| ekeorcm# qd ec peoneq ngdonceq èc {mmcñhdam;

½ûä amoeg={

½Eg `ñgè ydyeg={

½Añom gnaeg={

½Auîgpm pdeorm ydyeg={

½Añom qmg iïqdanoegpe={

Eg e~udrmq# cmancdaeg eg cmq cdl|mq m |eydqpnq ~ue cceyn|mg eg`ñgè rueè eqpn| cn dgim|onadñg qml|e qu qulpeon t amcm~uegug qern|n`m| eg eqnq rîhdgnq'

Oueqp|eg nc |eqpm èc h|urm eg ~uä rn|pe èc cdl|m m |eydqpnegamgp|n|mg eqn dgim|onadñg'

Amoegpeg ~uä pdrm è pevpm amgqucpn|mg; egadacmre`dn# |eydqpnomgmh|îidan# cdl|m peoîpdam u mp|m'



EQPU@DM >28

½ûä `dae''' =

Qern|n cnq rncnl|nq è cnq qdhudegpeq m|nadmgeq' Eqa|ïlecnq qml|e cn

cïgen'Amorn|n puq |eqrueqpnq amg puq amornþe|mq'

Cmqcemgeq|uheg

Cnqkd|ninqqmgoutncpnq

Cnqpm|puhnqqmg|erpdceqtpdegeguganrn|n{ñg

Cnqlnccegnqodègoîqèyedgpeoep|mq

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Cn r|doe|n rng`n hdhngpe~ue gnadñ eg anupdye|dm#iue|n è cmq lmq~ueq èlnolû è Afdgn# iue Pmfud~udeg ydydñ eg ec {mmcñhdamè Afnrucperea# eg cnadu`n` è Oävdam'



LCMÛE DY>26

Idafnq dgim|onpdynq

Cnq idafnq dgim|onpdynq amgpdegeg `npmq dorm|pngpeq qml|e ug peon m

qulpeon t qmg ûpdceq rm|~ue gmq ntu`ng n m|hngd{n| cn dgim|onadñg'Ceng cn qdhudegpe idafn dgim|onpdyn: amoegpeg ½añom eqpîm|hngd{n`n cn dgim|onadñg=# ½~uä `npmq fnaeg incpn=

½ûä ngdonc eq={ Anoeccm'

½Añom eq iïqdanoegpe={ Pdege `mq km|mlnq# rnpnq

An`n e~udrm p|nlnke amg cmq pevpmq ~ue qeceaadmgñ# cängcmqe dègpdid~ueg cn dgim|onadñg ~ue ceq qd|yn rn|n |eqrmgè| cnqr|ehugpnq ~ue ecnlm|n|mg rn|n ec peon'

Ecnlm|eg ugn m yn|dnq idafnq dgim|onpdynq qml|e ec qulpeon nqdhgn`m'@dqp|dlutng cnq pn|enq; ugm `dapn# mp|m eqa|dle t ec mp|m |eydqn pngpm

cn eqa|dpu|n amom cn dgim|onadñg è cn idafn'Dcuqp|eg cn idafn'An`n e~udrm rnqn nc i|egpe rn|n cee| eg ym{ ncpn cnq idafnq

dgim|onpdynq t omqp|n| cn donheg am||eqrmg`degpe'Eqauafeg cn r|eqegpnadñg è quq amornþe|mq amg cmq `npmq ~ue

mlpuyde|mg'

cn|hnq t èchn`nq# cnldmq amchngpeq t h|ngèq reqpnþnq'

½ûä amoe={ Fmknq# |nonq t fde|lnq'

½Eg `ñgè ydye={ Eg ec aegp|m è Nqdn'

½ûä oîq qnleq è äc={ Rueè rnqn| ouafm pdeorm qdg amoe| gd lele|#

t nr|myeafn cn h|nqn è quq km|mlnq rn|n ncdoegpn|qe' Rueè lele| >15

cdp|mq è nhun eg >1 odgupmq'



EQPU@DM >24

Ec {mmcñhdam

Luqan eg cn qeaadñg |eam|pnlce cmq ngdonceq èc {mmcñhdam'

\eañ|pncmq'>' Eqa|dle ec gmol|e èc ngdonc eg ec eqrnadm ynaïm'<' Ngmpn cmq gmol|eq è cmq ngdonceq eg ec rd{n||ñg t ye|didan qd

eqpîg eqa|dpmq am||eapnoegpe' Amcman n an`n ngdonc eg ug rncdpmè onè|n'

1' Eg e~udrmq |eam|peg eg |eydqpnq idhu|nq è mp|mq ngdonceq m`dlukeg quq r|mrdnq doîhegeq'

0' Rähuegcnq eg pn|kepnq'5' Eqa|dlng lnkm cn donheg# amg cep|n h|ngè# ec gmol|e è an`n

ngdonc' Rehueg cnq idhu|nq eg quq rncdpmq'9' ®N kuhn|. \eyuecyng cnq rde{nq t m|hngdaeg ug {mmcñhdam'

Amcm~ueg quq ngdonceq eg cn pnlcn qehûg qe rue`ng ydqdpn|' Nan`n h|urm è ngdonceq qe ce rueè rmge| ugn idafn dgim|onpdyn'

8' Amorn|png amg mp|mq e~udrmq qu {mmcñhdam n|on`m'

>2/>>



EQPU@DM >>>

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq qml|e cnqnapdyd`nèq |encd{n`nqeg ec r|mteapm;

½Rn|n ~uä qmg ûpdceq cnq{

idafnq dgim|onpdynq=½@ñgè egamgp|nqpe{

dgim|onadñg rn|necnlm|n| cnq idafnq=½Añom rueèq{

m|hngd{n| ug idafe|m=

R|mùapm idgnc

Eq pdeorm è dgpeh|n| ec idafe|m peoîpdam

èc h|urm' Ug idafe|m eq ug cuhn| `mgèqe hun|`ng idafnq eg im|on m|hngd{n`n'Eg h|urm# ccehueg n ug naue|`m qml|e

cn onge|n è m|hngd{n| ec idafe|m# rm|ekeorcm;

@e naue|`m amg cn m|hngd{nadñg è cmq{

qulpeonq'Qdhudeg`m ug m|èg ncinläpdam'{

@eqruäq |eûgng cnq idafnq t m|`ägegcnqè naue|`m amg cn im|on ~ue èad`de|mg'

Eqamkng ec pïpucm è qu idafe|m t eg ugnidafn ecnlm|eg ugn rm|pn`n'

Amorn|png cn dgim|onadñg mlpegd`namg quq amornþe|mq t inodcdn|eq'



EQPU@DM >>1



Rue`m evr|eqn| od mrdgdñg'


Rue`m pmon| naue|`mq eg

e~udrm'




LCMÛE DY>>0

r|mteapm; |eeqa|dld| auegpmq

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eqamgmae| `die|egpeq ye|qdmgeq èug odqom auegpm# rn|n èqruäq|eeqa|dld|cm e dgpeh|n|cm n cnldlcdmpean èc qncñg'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;`die|egpeq ye|qdmgeq è{

auegpmq dgingpdceq

Îoldpm; Cdpe|npu|n



CDPE\NPU\N >>5

Eg h|urm# amoegpn; ½auîceq qmg cmq auegpmq ~ueamgmaeq=# ½~uä eq cm ~ue pe huqpn è eccmq=

Eqa|dle ec pïpucm èc auegpm ~ue oîq pe huqpn'

\eydqn ~ue an`n rncnl|n eqpä qern|n`n è cnqmp|nq' Rcnpdan n pu h|urm è ~uä qe p|npn'

Cm ~ue amgm{am



Ye|qdñg >

LCMÛE DY>>9

Ug odqom auegpm

Eqauafn cn ceapu|n èc auegpm ~ue pu r|mieqm| cee|î eg `mq ye|qdmgeq

`die|egpeq ®Rmg ouafn npegadñg.

Ec rnpdpm iem Fngq Af|dqpdng Ngè|qeg

Ugn cdg`n rnpn eormccñ qedq fueymq' Aung`m qe |morde|mg cmq

fueymq# iue|mg qncdeg`m cdg`mq rnpdpmq# pm`mq è amcm| non|dccm'

Re|m èc ûcpdom fueym qncdñ ug rmccuecm h|dq t gm rn|eaïn rnpm'

–®ûä |n|m. ‑regqñ onoî rnpn‑# ®~uä iem eq eqpe rnpdpm.‟

Cn qeþm|n rnpn t quq fdkdpmq qe iue|mg nc am||nc' Cmq ae|`mq#

cnq hnccdgnq# cmq rnymq od|nlng nqmol|n`mq eqe rnpdpm png iem t

`dqpdgpm n quq fe|ongmq'

–®ûä regn. ‑regqnln ec rnpdpm‑ ®Pm`mq oe egauegp|ng iem.‟

Egpmgaeq qe iue gn`ng`m n mp|m cuhn|' Ccehñ n ugn cnhugn t

nccï qe ~ue`ñ qmcdpm'



CDPE\NPU\N >>8

Rnqñ cn|hm pdeorm eg ec ~ue ec rnpdpm a|eadñ t anoldñ' Ugmq

fe|omqmq adqgeq ccehn|mg n cn cnhugn'

Ec rnpdpm iem qe evp|nþñ ouafm aung`m cm dgydpn|mg n gn`n|'

‐®Ynomq# ynomq. ‑cm ccnonlng cmq adqgeq'

Ec rnpdpm iem qe od|ñ eg ec nhun t amg h|ng qm|r|eqn ydm ~ue

e|n dhunc ~ue cmq adqgeq ~ue cm ccnonlng'

Eg eqe omoegpm `eqaul|dñ ~ue äc gm e|n ug rnpm# qdgm ug

fe|omqm adqge'


½Añom qe ccnon ec auegpm={

½^udägeq dgpe|ydegeg={

½@e ~uä p|npn={



LCMÛE DY>>6

Ye|qdñg <

Eg ugn fe|omqn anordþn ae|angn n ugn h|ngkn# onoî rnpn

dgaulnln quq fueymq amg dcuqdñg' Eg ec gd`m fnlïn aunp|m

fueymq# re|m ugm è eccmq e|n `die|egpe n cmq èoîq…

Rmam n rmam cmq fueymq eore{n|mg n |more|qe t è cmq p|eq

r|doe|mq qncde|mg p|eq rnpdpmq r|eadmqmq' Re|m èc aun|pm fueym gnadñ

ug rnpdpm out |n|m; e|n oîq h|ngè t èqhn|ln`m ~ue cmq mp|mq t

nèoîq pegïn cnq rcuonq h|dqeq eg cuhn| è non|dccnq'

Re|m onoî rnpn# nug~ue eqpnln qm|r|eg`d`n# ce ~ue|ïn dhunc'

Nc `ïn qdhudegpe# onoî cmq cceyñ nc eqpng~ue n gn`n|' Re|m ec

rnpdpm iem e|n oîq pm|re ~ue quq fe|ongdpmq t r|mgpm eore{n|mg n

lu|cn|qe è äc' Qñcm onoî ce ngdonln n qehud| dgpegpîg`mcm# re|m ec

rnpdpm qe qegpïn `die|egpe t p|dqpe' R|mgpm qe ~ue`ñ qmcm'

Aung`m ec |eqpm è cmq fnldpngpeq èc eqpng~ue yde|mg nc rnpdpm#

pnoldäg eore{n|mg n lu|cn|qe'

Ec rml|e rnpdpm iem

e|n out luegm

t nonlce# re|m

eqm gm rn|eaïn

dorm|pn|ce n

gn`de t qdeor|e

pegïn ~ue qmrm|pn|

cnq lu|cnq t |dqnq

è cmq èoîq'

Angqn`m è cnq

lu|cnq# qe on|afñ

èc eqpng~ue

rn|n qdeor|e'

Qe dgpe|gñ eg ec

lmq~ue t ynhñ

è ug cn`m n mp|m

fnqpn ~ue antñ cn

gmafe'

®Rml|e rnpdpm. Qe



CDPE\NPU\N >>4

ydm qmcm t nquqpn`m eg cn mqau|d`n` t anqd

gm ru`m `m|od|'

Amg cn cu{ èc Qmc qdhudñ anodgng`m t qe

egamgp|ñ eg ugn h|ngkn `mgè qe ~ue`ñ n

ydyd|'

Ec pdeorm iue rnqng`m t ccehñ ec dgyde|gm'

An`n `ïn qncïn n `n| ug rnqem fnqpn ccehn|

nc eqpng~ue'

Ug `ïn ymcydñ cn r|donye|n t ec rnpdpm iem

qncdñ n rnqen|# re|m tn gm e|n ug rnpdpm iem#

qdgm ~ue# nc a|eae|# qe fnlïn amgye|pd`m eg

ug fe|omqm adqge nc ~ue pm`mq nòd|nlng'

Ydm qu |eicekm eg cnq nhunq èc eqpng~ue t

gmpñ ~ue cmq mp|mq adqgeq ce ccnonlng rn|n

~ue qe ugde|n nc h|urm'

N rn|pd| è eqe `ïn# qe qdgpdñ iecd{'


½Añom eorde{n ec auegpm={

½ûä ce quaeè nc rnpdpm iem={

½Añom pe|odgn ec auegpm={



LCMÛE DY><2

Amorn|n cnq ye|qdmgeq

Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq cm ~ue quaeè eg cmq `mq |ecnpmq è –Ec

rnpdpm iem‟'\eqrmgè cnq r|ehugpnq è naue|`m amg cnq ye|qdmgeq: pu r|mieqm|ngmpn|î cnq |eqrueqpnq eg ec rd{n||ñg;

½Auîgpmq fueymq eormccn onoî rnpn={

½ûä rdegqn onoî rnpn èc ûcpdom rnpdpm={

½Auîc eq cn napdpu` è cmq èoîq ngdonceq={

½Rm| ~uä futñ ec rnpdpm iem={

½N `ñgè ccehñ p|nq fud|={

½Auîg`m qe qdgpdñ iecd{ ec rnpdpm iem={

½ûä mau||dñ rn|n ~ue ec rnpdpm iem qe `de|n auegpn è cm ~ue eg{

|encd`n` e|n=

Uge amg ugn cïgen cm ~ue mau||dñ eg an`n ye|qdñg èc auegpm'

Onoî rnpn eormccñ qedq fueymq'

Onoî rnpn eormccñ aunp|m fueymq'

Cn onoî rnpn regqñ ‐®ûä iem eq eqpe rnpdpm.Onoî rnpn# nug~ue eqpnln qm|r|eg`d`n#

ce ~ue|ïn dhunc'

Cmq ae|`mq# cnq hnccdgnq t cmq rnymq# od|nlngnqmol|n`mq eqe rnpdpm png iem'

Aung`m ec |eqpm è cmq fnldpngpeq èc eqpng~ue

yde|mg nc rnpdpm# amoeg{n|mg n lu|cn|qe'

Ec rnpdpm ccehñ n ugn cnhugn t qe ~ue`ñ qmcdpm'Qe dgpe|gñ eg ec lmq~ue t ynhñ è ug cn`m n mp|m

fnqpn ~ue antñ cn gmafe'

Aung`m qe ydm eg ec nhun qe fnlïn amgye|pd`meg ug fe|omqm adqge'

Ye|qdñg>

Ye|qdñg<



CDPE\NPU\N ><>

N luqan|

Eg e~udrmq è p|eq dgpeh|ngpeq# qeceaadmgeg ug auegpm è cn ldlcdmpean

è cn eqauecn t fmkäegcm'½Pdege dcuqp|nadmgeq={

½Cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq pdegeg |ecnadñg amg cm ~ue p|npn ec auegpm={

½@ñgè eqpî eqa|dpm ec gmol|e èc auegpm={

½ûdäg eq ec nupm| èc auegpm={

½ûdäg fd{m cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq={

Auegpeg ec auegpm qdhudeg`m cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq'

Ug gueym auegpm

Ecdkng ug gueym auegpm rn|n cee|cm' Nc pe|odgn| amoegpeg;

½ûdägeq nrn|eaeg eg ec auegpm= &re|qmgnkeq${

½Eg ~uä cuhn|eq mau||eg cmq feafmq= &eqaegn|dmq${

½ûä rnqn nc r|dgadrdm={

½ûä quaeè èqruäq={

½Añom pe|odgn ec auegpm={



LCMÛE DY><<

Ug auegpm gueym

Amoegpeg eg h|urm;

½ûä rnqn|ïn qd ec Cmlm gm fulde|n{

egamgp|n`m n Anre|uadpn=½Pe donhdgnq n Aegdadegpn qdg Fn`n{

On`|dgn=½T qd cn Leccn @u|odegpe puyde|n{

dgqmogdm=½Añom qe|ïn Rdgmafm feafm è oepnc={

Kuehueg n anoldn| nchûg nqreapmèc auegpm ecehd`m# rueèg qe| cmqre|qmgnkeq# cmq eqaegn|dmq m ec idgnc'

Cn gueyn ye|qdñg èc auegpm

Tn pdegeg nchugnq dènq' Amoegpeg;

½@e ~uä ~ude|eg ~ue qe p|npe ec auegpm={

½ûä ce yng n anoldn|={

½Añom qe yn n ccnon|={

Nfm|n auegpeg qu gueyn ye|qdñg èc auegpm# rm| ekeorcm;


Kuehn –Ongmpn{m èrncnl|nq‟' \eam|pn cnqpn|kepnq t amcñancnq qml|e cnoeqn' Aung`m eqauafeq cnrncnl|n ~ue `dhn pu oneqp|m#lûqancn eg cnq pn|kepnq taung`m cn egauegp|eq amcmanpu ongm egadon' Hngn ecr|doe|m ~ue egauegp|e cnpn|kepn'

>' ûä rnqn r|doe|m' Rn|namoeg{n|# rueèg uqn|nchugn è eqpnq i|nqeq;–Fnlïn ugn ye{'''‟–Fnae ouafm pdeorm'''‟–Eg ug cuhn| cekngm'''‟

<' Amgpdgun| amg cm ~ue ce rnqnnc re|qmgnke' Rm| ekeorcm# Ecrnpdpm iem;

–'''eg ec gd`m fnlïn…‟–''' qe qegpïn'''‟

1' @eqruäq oegadmgeg cm ~uerm`|ïn rnqn| eg ec auegpm;–½N `ñgè iue ec rnpdpm=‟

0' T rm| ûcpdom# dg`d~ueg cm ~uernqn nc idgnc;–…ccehñ n… ––…èqaul|dñ ~ue e|n…–

></>1



CDPE\NPU\N ><1

R|mùapm idgnc

\ern|png pn|enq rn|n |eeqa|dld| ec auegpm'

@ead`ng ~udäg peg`|î cn pn|en è eqa|dld|#~udäg cn è `dapn| t ~udäg cn è |eydqn|'Dgpe|anoldeg cnq pn|enq rm| pu|gmq rn|n

~ue pm`mq rn|pdadreg'

Eqa|dlng# eg ugn fmkn# cnq dènq èc{

gueym auegpm'R|mrmghng añom yng n namom`n| cnq{

rn|peq èc auegpm eg an`n ugn è cnqfmknq èc aunè|gdccm eg lcngam ~ue ceqr|mrm|admgn|î qu oneqp|m'Amoegpeg `ñgè amcman|îg pevpm e{

dcuqp|nadmgeq eg an`n fmkn t añomdcuqp|n|îg an`n i|nhoegpm'Eqa|dlng e dcuqp|eg ec auegpm'{

Ecnlm|eg cn rm|pn`n è qu auegpm;{

eqa|dlng ec pïpucm# cmq gmol|eq è quqnupm|eq e dcûqp|egcn amg ugn donhegh|ngè t np|napdyn'\eydqeg qu p|nlnkm nc pe|odgn|'{

R|eqegpeg qu cdl|m nch|urm; nc odqom pdeorm ~ueceeg ec auegpm# oueqp|eg cnqdcuqp|nadmgeq n quq amornþe|mq'@eqruäq# nh|ähuegcm n cnldlcdmpean èc qncñg rn|n ~uerue`ng cceyn|cm n anqn eg r|äqpnom'

Amoegpeg n cmq èoîq e~udrmqañom om`didan|mg quq auegpmq'

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg pu h|urmqml|e eqpe r|mteapm;

½ûä auegpmq gueymq{

ceïqpe=½Auîc ye|qdñg èc auegpm{

pe rn|eadñ cn oekm|=½ûä pe rn|eadñ{

|eeqa|dld| ug auegpm=



LCMÛE DY><0

Cm fnhmout ldeg



Amoegpm cm ~ue quaeè eg ug auegpm'

Uldam cmq `npmq è cn rm|pn`n è ugauegpm'

Eqa|dlm ugn gueyn ye|qdñg è ugauegpm'


Nupmeyncunadñg



r|mteapm; qehud| dgqp|uapdymq qdorceq

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eqnr|egè| n qehud| dgqp|uapdymq amgec idg è ecnlm|n| yn|dmq mlkepmqrn|n kuhn|'


dgqp|uapdymq{

cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean è cn{

eqauecnonpe|dnceq dg`dan`mq eg cmq{

dgqp|uapdymq




RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ ><8

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½Nchugn ye{ fnq |encd{n`m nchm qdhudeg`m

dgqp|uaadmgeq=# ½fnq ecnlm|n`m m n|on`mnchûg mlkepm=# ½auîc=# ½qnleq ~uä eq ugdgqp|uapdym= Amoegpn amg pu h|urm'

Mlqe|yn ec qdhudegpe aun`|m tamoegpn ~uä amgqdè|nq ~ue eq# ~uä `dae t rn|n ~uä qd|ye'

Onpe|dnceq;

Rnqpn ègpnc{

Aerdccm ègpnc{

Ynqm è nhun{

R|mae`dodegpm;

Nrcdan| rnqpn è{

`degpeq nc aerdccm'Dgp|mùad| ec aerdccm{

amg rnqpn eg cn lman'Pnccn| cmq `degpeq t cnq{

ouecnq'Egkunhn|{

ydhm|mqnoegpe cn lmanamg nhun'Eqaurd| ec nhun'{

Uge an`n rn|pe èc dgqp|uapdym amg cn rncnl|n ~ue am||eqrmgè'Eg h|urm# dègpdid~ueg cn cdqpn è onpe|dnceq t `dhng auîceq qmg t

`ñgè `dae an`n onpe|dnc'

R|mae`dodegpm

Pïpucm

Onpe|dnceq

d



LCMÛE DY><6

Oîqan|nq rn|n ec an|gnync

Im|oeg e~udrmq rn|n p|nlnkn| amg ec qdhudegpe dgqp|uapdym'

Dègpdid~ueg;½ûä `dae eg ec pïpucm={

½@ñgè `dae oîqan|n={

½ûä qe ecnlm|n amg ec dgqp|uapdym={

Eqauafeg cn ceapu|n ~ue fn|î qu oneqp|m'

Dgqp|uapdym rn|n ecnlm|n|ugn oîqan|n

Onpe|dnceq;~ Omcè è oîqan|n~ Fmkn è an|pucdgn~ Amcm|eq m rcuomgeq~ Pdke|nq~ Adgpn ecîqpdan &>5 ao'$~ Rehnoegpm cï~ud`m~ P|m{mq re~ueþmq è rnrec è amcm|eq

R|mae`dodegpm;>' P|n{n eg cn an|pucdgn ec amgpm|gm è ugn oîqan|n'<' @dlukn ec amgpm|gm è cmq mkmq t eg cmq evp|eomq cmq m|didadmq

rn|n ngu`n| cn adgpn'1' \eam|pn ec amgpm|gm è cn oîqan|n t ec è cmq mkmq'0' Amcm|en cn oîqan|n'5' Nh|ehn rehnoegpm eg ec amgpm|gm'9' Amcman p|m{mq è rnrec è amcm|eq qml|e ec rehnoegpm'8' Ngu`n cn adgpn ecîqpdan eg cmq evp|eomq'6' Qukepn cn oîqan|n n pu anle{n' ®Cdqpm.



RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ ><4

Kugpng`m ec onpe|dnc

M|hngd{n`mq eg e~udrmq# èqdhgeg n ug dgpeh|ngpe rn|n ~ue |eamkn

è cn oeqn cmq onpe|dnceq ~ue geaeqdpng rn|n ecnlm|n| quq oîqan|nq'An`n ugm ye|did~ue ~ue gm ceq qml|n gd ceq incpn onpe|dnc' On|~uegeg cn cdqpn è onpe|dnceq cmq ~ue tn pdegeg'

Ec m|èg è cnq amqnq

An`n e~udrm# p|npe è |eam|`n| ec m|èg èc r|mae`dodegpm ~ue yn nqehud| rn|n ecnlm|n| cn oîqan|n# amoägpegcm'

Qehûg cm ~ue |eam|`n|mg# eguoe|eg ec m|èg ~ue èleg pege| cnqqdhudegpeq dgqp|uaadmgeq;

Nc idgnc# qukepn cn oîqan|n n pu anle{n'{

@eqruäq amcm|en cn oîqan|n'{

R|doe|m p|n{n eg cn an|pucdgn ec amgpm|gm è ugn oîqan|n'{

Amcman p|m{mq è rnrec è amcm|eq qml|e ec rehnoegpm'{

®Ongmq n cn ml|n. N fnae| oîqan|nq'



LCMÛE DY>12

Onpe|dnceq;

\epn{mq è pecn

Ugn lmcqn è cdhnq

Añom fnae| ugn recmpn è pecn

Cee eg h|urm ec qdhudegpe dgqp|uapdym t qeþncn# amg ug aï|aucm# cn

dcuqp|nadñg ~ue am||eqrmgè'

Dgqp|uaadmgeq;

>' Fn{ ugn lmcnre~ueþn amg cmq|epn{mq è pecn'

<' @eqruäq# eg|e`n

cdhnq nc|eè`m| ècn lmcn è pecn'



RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ >1>

1' Im||n cn lmcn amgoîq p|m{mq è pecn'

0' Amcman oîq cdhnq:èqruäq# im||ngueynoegpe amgre`n{mq è pecn tyuecye n amcman| cdhnq'\erdpe eqpm fnqpn ~uecn recmpn ~ueè ècpnonþm èqen`m'

5' Rm| ûcpdom# amcman ugp|m{m h|ngè è pecn~ue aul|n cn recmpnt# amg ntu`n è ugnùcpm# añqecn'

Tn ~ue eqpî cn recmpn# amoegpeg eg ~uä kuehm cn rueèg updcd{n| t~uä dgqp|uaadmgeq qehud|îg rn|n kuhn|cm'



RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ >11

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm


½Auîc eq cn updcd`n` è{

ug dgqp|uapdym=½Rm| ~uä eq dorm|pngpe{

qnle| ~uä onpe|dnceq|e~ude|e ug dgqp|uapdymngpeq è amoeg{n| nqehud| ec r|mae`dodegpm=½Rm| ~uä fnt ~ue qehud|{

ec m|èg è cmq rnqmq=

Kuhueomq nc oug`m èc |eyäq

Eg ec oug`m èc |eyäq# cnq dgqp|uaadmgeq qe dgpe|r|epng è im|on

`die|egpe'\eam|pn cnq pn|kepnq# cee an`n ugn t kuehn# eg rn|ekn# n mleèae|nc |eyäq'

Dgyegpn gueynq dgqp|uaadmgeq e dgpäh|ncnq n puq pn|kepnq èc oug`mèc |eyäq'

R|mùapm idgnc

\eûgngqe amg quq oîqan|nq rueqpnq#mlqä|yegcnq t amoegpeg;

½ûe`ñ cn oîqan|n n qu huqpm={

½ûä rnqm èc r|mae`dodegpm gm{

|encd{n|mg= ½Rm| ~uä=½ûdpn|mg m nh|ehn|mg nchûg{

onpe|dnc= ½Auîc=½Anoldn|mg ec m|èg èc{

r|mae`dodegpm= Qd iue nqï# ½~uäquae`dñ=½Rn|n ~uä ceq qd|ydñ ec dgqp|uapdym={

Evrcdan n pu inodcdn t nodhmq# rnqm nrnqm# añom ecnlm|nqpe cn oîqan|n'

Ouäqp|nceq ec dgqp|uapdym tamoegpeg ~uä mp|mq mlkepmqqe rueèg n|on| m ecnlm|n|qdhudeg`m ug dgqp|uapdym'

6



LCMÛE DY>10

Cm fnhmout ldeg



Dègpdidam cmq onpe|dnceq eg ugdgqp|uapdym'

Qdhm m|ègn`noegpe cmq rnqmq è ugdgqp|uapdym'

Rue`m evrcdan| cm ~ue geaeqdpä fnae|rn|n ecnlm|n| ug mlkepm'

Eq pdeorm è |eydqn| cm ~ue fnq nr|eg`d`m èqruäq è p|nlnkn|eg eqpe r|mteapm' Cee an`n egugadn`m# on|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó$ec gdyec ~ue fntnq ncang{n`m'

Nupmeyncunadñg



LCMÛE DY>19

Qern|n am||eapnoegpe cnq rncnl|nqnc eqa|dld| ug egugadn`m'

Eqa|dle eg eqpn idafn cm ~ue amgmaeq èc

Egade||n eg ug aï|aucm cn iuegpe è dgim|onadñg ~ue qd|ye rn|namgqucpn| cm ~ue amoe pu ngdonc inym|dpm'

Eyncunadñg èc lcm~ue DY

Cnkd|ninlelenhun

Gmol|e èc ngdonc;

½ûä amoe=

½Eg `ñgè ydye=

\eaepn|dm@d|eapm|dmpeceiñgdam

E g a d a c m r e ̀ dn



>18EYNCUNADÑG @EC LCMÛE DY

Od auegpm inym|dpm eq;

T qe p|npn ̀ e;

@dlukn cm ~ue oîq pe huqpn èc auegpm'

M|ègn cnq dgqp|uaadmgeq;

Oe egknlmgm cnq ongmq t cnq pnccm'

Nl|m cn ccnye# oe omkm cnq ongmq t ade||m cn ccnye'

Oe qeam cnq ongmq'

Nl|m cn ccnye# oe egkunhm cnq ongmq t ade||m cn ccnye'



CM̂

U

E

r|mteapm; e`dpn| ugangadmge|m

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eqn|on| ug cdl|m amg cnq angadmgeq~ue amgmaeq# ~ue pe huqpng m ~ueangpnqpe ù|ngpe ec adacm eqamcn|'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cdl|mq m |eydqpnq è angadmgeq{

Y Îoldpm; Cdpe|npu|n



CDPE\NPU\N >14

Cm ~ue amgm{am

½ûä angadmgeq pe qnleq=# ½auîceq qmg

puq r|eie|d`nq=# ½qnleq `ñgè rueèqegamgp|n| eqa|dpnq cnq angadmgeq ~ue pehuqpng= Amoegpn puq |eqrueqpnq amg puqamornþe|mq'

\eydqeg r|mteapmq ngpe|dm|eq t fnhngugn cdqpn# eg ec rd{n||ñg# amg pm`nq cnqangadmgeq# amrcnq# |mg`nq t |donq ~ue|eaue|èg'



LCMÛE Y>02

N luqan|

@eqè fnae ouafm pdeorm cnq

re|qmgnq |eûgeg rm| eqa|dpm cnqangadmgeq ~ue ceq huqpng rn|nnr|egè|cnq# |eam|`n|cnq t angpn|cnq'

N eqpn amordcnadñg qe ce amgmaeamom angadmge|m' Fnt è ydccngadamq#è amrcnq# è angadmgeq rmrucn|eq# è|mg`nq t kuehmq# egp|e mp|mq'

Luqan eg cn ldlcdmpean è cn eqauecnnchugmq angadmge|mq m cceyn è anqnnchugmq cdl|mq m |eydqpnq `mgè eqpägeqa|dpnq angadmgeq'

\eyïqncmq t amoegpn amg puqamornþe|mq qd |eamgmaeq cnq angadmgeq~ue eqpîg eqa|dpnq'

Eg e~udrmq# mlqe|yeg cnq cep|nq ècnq angadmgeq t amgpeqpeg;

An|repn èc qnle|

Amrdn cn cdqpn è angadmgeq'\eydqn ~ue cnq rncnl|nqeqpäg ldeg eqa|dpnq t ~uecmq pïpucmq è cnq angadmgeqdgdadeg amg ontûqaucn'@eqruäq dgpäh|ncn n puAn|repn'

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Angadmgeq amom –Gn|ngkn ùcae ‟ t –Adecdpm cdg`m ‟qmg out ngpdhunq t qe fngp|ngqodpd`m è hege|nadñgeg hege|nadñg' –Adecdpm cdg`m ‟ eq ugn angadñg amgcn ~ue qe dègpdidan n cmqoevdangmq eg anqd pm`m ecoug`m'

½Añom eqpîg eqa|dpnq; è am||d`m m eg{

|eghcmgeq am|pmq=½Pdegeg pïpucm={

½@daeg ec gmol|e èc nupm| m èc{

amormqdpm| è cn oûqdan=

Dgpe|anoldeg quq angadmgeq amg mp|mqe~udrmq'



CDPE\NPU\N >0>

Gn|ngkn ùcae

Angadñg rmrucn| oevdangn

Gn|ngkn ̀ ucae

cdoñg rn|pd`m

`noe ug nl|n{m

~ue tm pe rd`m'

Qd iue|ng incqmq

odq ku|noegpmq

eg mp|m pdeormqe mcyd`n|îg'

Pman cn on|afn#

od reafm ccm|n#

n`dñq# qeþm|n#

tm tn oe ymt

n od anqdpn

è qmcmcmt

n amoe| ùcaeq

t gm ceq `mt'

Cnq angadmgeq pdegeg ouqdancd`n`' Qeþncneg –Gn|ngkn ùcae‟ cn ûcpdon rncnl|n èan`n ye|qm' @eqruäq# cee pm`nq cnq rncnl|nqqul|ntn`nq' ½Pdegeg nchm eg amoûg= ½ûäpdegeg eg amoûg amg mp|mq ye|qmq è cnodqon angadñg= ½Añom pe|odgng=

Amg cnq rncnl|nq ~ue pe|odgng dhunc#rueèq im|on| re~ueþmq ye|qmq ~ue qeng`dye|pd`mq# rm| ekeorcm;

Od|n n eqe eceingpe

anodgng`m out ecehngpe'

Cee cn qdhudegpe angadñg t mlqe|yn añom eqpî eqa|dpn'



LCMÛE Y>0<


Cmancd{n rncnl|nq ~uepe|odgeg dhunc ~ue cnq~ue `dae ec r|mieqm|'Rueèq luqan| rncnl|nq~ue pe|odgeg dhunc ~uecmq gmol|eq è puqamornþe|mq'Rm| ekeorcm;

Angadñg{ |don amg oecñg'On|ïn { |don amg qng`ïn'

\donq

Cee mp|n ye{ –Gn|ngkn ùcae‟ t eqa|dle

qml|e cnq cïgenq;Rn|pd`m |don amg

Ccm|n |don amg

Ymt |don amg

t amg

\eydqeg cnq angadmgeq ~ue eqa|dlde|mg ege~udrm' R|eqpeg npegadñg n cnq ûcpdonqrncnl|nq è an`n ye|qm' ½\dong=# ½amg~uä rncnl|nq=



CDPE\NPU\N >01

N cn yïlm|n è cn on|

N cn yïlm|n# yïlm|n

è cn on|# è cn on|

rm| n~uï rueèg rnqn|

cmq è nècngpe am||eg ouafm

t cmq è np|îq qe ~ue`n|îg#

p|nq# p|nq# p|nq# p|nq'

Ugn oevdangn

~ue i|upn yeg`ïn;

ad|uecn# afnlnangm#

oecñg m qng`ïn'

Ye|legn# ye|legn#

kn|`ïg è onpnpegn'

Ye|legn# ye|legn#

kn|`ïg è onpnpegn

Anorngdpn è m|m#

`äknoe rnqn|

amg pm`mq odq fdkmq

oegmq ec è np|îq#

p|nq# p|nq# p|nq# p|nq'

Qe|î oecñg# qe|î qng`ïn#

qe|î cn ydekn èc mp|m `ïn

`ïn# `ïn# `ïn# `ïn'

Nfm|n# angpeg eg h|urm cn angadñg –N cn yïlm|n è cn on|‟ tkuehueg egp|e pm`mq'

½Añom ceq huqpñ oîq cn angadñg; ceï`n m aung`m cn angpn|mg=

Eqauafn n pu oneqp|m cee| cn qdhudegpe angadñg'



LCMÛE Y>00

Dègpdidan eg cn angadñg cn i|nqe ~ueqe |erdpe yn|dnq yeaeq t eqa|ïlecn namgpdgunadñg;

Qeþncn auîc i|nqe qe |erdpe eg cn qdhudegpeangadñg;

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

N cn rncnl|n m i|nqe ~ue qe|erdpe yn|dnq yeaeq eg ugnangadñg qe ce amgmae amomeqp|dldccm '

Adecdpm cdg`m

@e cn qde||n om|egn#

adecdpm cdg`m# ydegeg lnkng`m

ug rn| è mkdpmq geh|mq#

adecdpm cdg`m# è amgp|nlng`m'

®Nt# nt# nt# nt.

angpn t gm ccm|eq#

rm|~ue angpng`m qe nceh|ng#

adecdpm cdg`m# cmq am|n{mgeq'

Eqe cugn| ~ue pdegeq#

adecdpm cdg`m# kugpm n cn lman#

gm qe cm èq n gn`de#

adecdpm cdg`m# ~ue n oï oe pman'



CDPE\NPU\N >05

®Nt# nt# nt# nt.

angpn t gm ccm|eq#



@e pu |ekn n cn oïn#

adecdpm cdg`m# gm fnt oîq ~ue ug rnqm:

m|n ~ue eqpnomq qmcmq

adecdpm cdg`m# `noe ug nl|n{m'

®Nt# nt# nt# nt.

angpn t gm ccm|eq#





LCMÛE Y>09

Cnq angadmgeq ~uegmq huqpng

Eg e~udrmq è p|eq# èad`ng auîceqangadmgeq ecehd|îg rn|n dgacud|cnq eg quangadmge|m'

M|hngdaeg cnq pn|enq rn|n eqa|dld|cnq angadmgeq; ugm `dapn# mp|m eqa|dle tmp|m |eydqn cn eqa|dpu|n' ½Qern|n|mg an`nrncnl|n=

Rn|n eqpn| qehu|mq è ~ue eqpîg ldegeqa|dpnq# dgpe|aîoldegcnq t eqre|eg quqmlqe|ynadmgeq' Am||ïkngcnq qd eq geaeqn|dm'

Nfm|n ~ue eqpîg cdqpnq# dcûqp|egcnq t®aîgpegcnq.

An|repn èc qnle|

\eaue|`n ~ue# ègp|m ècmq ye|qmq# cnq rncnl|nq~ue quegng dhunc qeccnong |donq' Rm| ekeorcm;lman |don amg pman ' ½Amg~uä mp|nq rncnl|nq |donlman =Luq~ueg# egp|e cnqangadmgeq# ekeorcmqè rncnl|nq ~ue |doeg#eqa|dlng cnq rncnl|nq egugn fmkn t huî|ègcn egqu An|repn èc qnle|'

Amorcepn ugn angadñg

Luqan eg cn qeaadñg |eam|pnlce cn angadñg –Cn |ngn eg ec nhun‟' Ngpeq è angpn|cn# |eam|pn cnq i|nqeq t amorcepn cn angadñg'

>5‑>9



CDPE\NPU\N >08

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm


½Auîc eq cn updcd`n` èc{

angadmge|m=½ûä qe geaeqdpn rn|n{

fnae| ugm=½Añom qeceaadmgnqpe cnq{

angadmgeq=½ûä fn|ïnq rn|n{

oekm|n|cm=

R|mùapm idgnc

Eq pdeorm è m|hngd{n| ec angadmge|m'

Amoegpn amg pu oneqp|m t ec h|urm eg~uä m|èg d|îg cnq angadmgeq' Cuehmèad`ng ~udägeq fn|îg cm qdhudegpe;

Guoe|n| cnq rîhdgnq èc angadmge|m'{

Fnae| ec ïg`dae'{

@dqeþn| cm ~ue èle d| eg cn rm|pn`n'{

Dcuqp|n| cn rm|pn`n'{

Eghn|hmcn|# eornqpn| m amqe| cnq fmknq{

rn|n im|on| ec angadmge|m'

Dgam|rm|n pu angadmge|m n cn ldlcdmpeanè pu qncñg rn|n ~ue pû t puq amornþe|mqrue`ng cceyn|cm n anqn t `dqi|upn|cm'



LCMÛE Y>06

Cm fnhmout ldeg



Dègpdidam cn |don è cnq rncnl|nqeg cnq cep|nq è cnq angadmgeq'

Qä añom ecnlm|n| ug angadmge|m'

Cem cmq ye|qmq è nchugnq angadmgeq'

Eq pdeorm è |eydqn| cm ~ue fnq nr|eg`d`m èqruäq è p|nlnkn|eg eqpe r|mteapm' Cee an`n egugadn`m# on|an amg ugn rncmodpn &ó$ec gdyec ~ue fntnq ncang{n`m'

Nupmeyncunadñg



CDPE\NPU\N >04

Nc fnae| od angadmge|m; Qdeor|e N yeaeqOe incpnfnae|cm


P|nlnkä rm| od auegpn'

Fdae r|mrueqpnq rn|n|encd{n| ec p|nlnkm'




LCMÛE Y>52

r|mteapm; r|ern|n| ugnamgie|egadn eorceng`man|peceq

Ec r|mrñqdpm è eqpe r|mteapm eq dgyeqpdhn|qml|e `die|egpeq im|onq è aud`n| cn qncu`

t è r|eyegd| naadègpeq'Amg cn dgim|onadñg ~ue nye|dhóeq# t

nrmtîg`mpe eg an|peceq# evrmg`|îq ugnamgie|egadn ngpe puq amornþe|mq m cnamougd`n` eqamcn|'

Rn|n eqpe r|mteapm geaeqdpn|îq;cep|e|mq amg qïolmcmq m ceteg`nq{

~ue dg`d~ueg n`ye|pegadn èrecdh|m amom epd~uepnq èr|mùapmq è cdorde{n'cdl|mq è cn ldlcdmpean{

è cn eqauecnan|pucdgnq'{




RN\PDADRNADÑG AMOUGDPN\DN T INODCDN\ >5>

Cm ~ue amgm{am

Aung`m ugn re|qmgn fn eqpu`dn`mouafm qml|e ug peon rueè amorn|pd|quq amgmadodegpmq eg ugn amgie|egadn'½Fnq nqdqpd`m n nchugn=

Eg Oävdam qe dorn|peg amgie|egadnqqml|e `dye|qmq peonq' Ugm è eccmqeq ec aud`n`m è cn qncu`' Pû# ½añom

cn aud`nq=# ½~uä fnaeq rn|n eydpn|naadègpeq= Amoegpn amg pu h|urm'

N luqan|

Rdè n puq inodcdn|eq ~ue pe ntuèg n luqan| epd~uepnq è `dqpdgpmqr|mùapmq ~ue peghng cep|e|mq è n`ye|pegadn amom; –Yegegm‟#–Recdh|m‟# –R|eanuadñg‟# –Gm qe èke nc ncangae è cmq gdþmq‟# –Gmdghe|d|‟' Cceyn cnq epd~uepnq n acnqe'

Epd~uepnq è cmq r|mùapmq

M|hngd{n`mq eg e~udrmq# |eydqeg cnq epd~uepnq ~ue cceyn|mg è anqn t egauegp|eg cnq n`ye|pegadnq è r|eanuadñg'

½Eqpî eg cmq `dlukmq m eg cmq qïolmcmq={

½Añom qmg={

Dègpdiïancnq pnoldäg eg cnq epd~uepnq è mp|mq e~udrmq' Amoegpn# egh|urm# rm| ~uä qmg ûpdceq eqnq n`ye|pegadnq'

Ecnlm|n ugn cdqpn è r|mùapmq ~ue èlng ongekn|qe amg aud`n`mm eydpn|qe# t evrcdan rm| ~uä'

Recdh|me vrcmqd ym

I c nonlc e

Yegegm



LCMÛE Y>5<

Cep|e|mq# qeþnceq t'''

Amoegpeg eg h|urm cn dorm|pngadn è cmq cep|e|mq m qeþnceq ~ue fnteg nchugmq qdpdmq'

½Rn|n ~uä qd|yeg={

½ûä mau||d|ïn qd gm ceq fdade|ng anqm={

Amorcepn cn cdqpn è qdpunadmgeq recdh|mqnq m r|mùapmq ~ue èlegongekn|qe amg aud`n`m'

N luqan|

Luqan eg cn eqauecn t ae|an è pu anqn cep|e|mq è n`ye|pegadn t

qeþnceq rn|n eydpn| naadègpeq# aud`n| cn qncu` m amgqe|yn| cn yd`n'Eqa|dle eg pu aunè|gm cmq ~ue egauegp|eq# rm| ekeorcm;

@eqruäq eqa|dle eg ~uä r|mùapmq m qdpdmq qe egauegp|ng'

Evpdgpm|

Qdcegadm

\eqe|yn`m

\upn èeynaunadñg

Gm iuon|

Cnyn|qe

cnq ongmq



ÛÄ FNAE\ EG;QDQOMQ

DGAEG@DMQ

Amgqe|ye

cn ancon

Ecdodge

iuegpeq

è

dgaeg`dm

\epï|eqe è

yegpngnq

t mlkepmq

~ue

rue`ng

ane|

Gm uqe

eceyn`m|eq

Ulï~ueqe

eg {mgnq

è

qehu|d`n`

Cmancdae

cn |upn è

eynaunadñg

Amgqe|ye

cn ancon

Cmancdae

~uä

m|dhdgn

ec

dgaeg`dm

Eodpn cn

qeþnc

Uqe ec

evpdgpm|

Mleè{an

ñ|ègeq

èc

re|qmgnc

ancdan`m

Qd rueè

nrmte#

qd gm

|epï|eqe

Gm uqe

eceyn`m|eq

Fuoeè{an

ug p|nrm

t aul|n

gn|d{

t lman

Qd ec fuom

eq ègqm

n||îqp|eqe

rm| ec

quecm

LNQU\N


®R|eanuadñg.

Aud`n| cn qncu` eq |eqrmgqnldcd`n` è

pm`mq' Amoegpn amg puq amornþe|mq;½~uä rnqn|ïn qd gm ceeq cnq dgqp|uaadmgeqè ug r|mùapm ~ue rueè qe| `nþdgmrn|n cn qncu`=# ½cee| cnq epd~uepnq rueèntu`n|gmq n eydpn| naadègpeq=

\eydqn gueynoegpe cmq egynqeq tepd~uepnq ~ue cceynqpe nc qncñg' Mlqe|yn;½añom qmg cmq cep|e|mq=# ½è ~uä pnonþmeq cn cep|n=# ½~uä pdrm è `dlukmq pdegeg=#½~uä amcm|eq updcd{ng=

Ug `npm dgpe|eqngpe

Eg cmq aegp|mq è qncu` tfmqrdpnceq qe egauegp|ngan|peceq ~ue n`yde|pegqml|e ec amgquom è cnamod`n amg ncpm amgpegd`mè n{ûan| t h|nqn ~uerueè qe| anuqngpe èmleqd`n` t èqgup|dadñg'

N `dqeþn| ec an|pec

Eg e~udrmq# eqa|dlng nchugnq dènq rn|n r|ern|n| ugn amgie|egadn'@eidgng# amg cn ntu`n è qu oneqp|m# cn dgim|onadñg ~ue an`n

e~udrm r|eqegpn|î;

½N ~uä rûlcdam d|î `d|dhd`n cn{

amgie|egadn= Rueè qe| n ugh|urm è gdþmq è r|eeqamcn|#n amornþe|mq è mp|mq h|urmqm n quq inodcdn|eq'½ûä `d|îg# ~uä{

|eamoeg`nadmgeq fn|îg t eg~uä m|èg qe r|eqegpn|îg=½Añom qe|î ec an|pec ~ue{

updcd{n|îg; ec pnonþm è cnqcep|nq t cnq dcuqp|nadmgeq ~uecceyn|î=



LCMÛE Y>50

An|repn èc qnle|

Amrdn eg ugn fmkncn dgim|onadñg ~uer|eqegpn|îq eg ec an|pec edcûqp|ncn# ̀ eqruäq dgpäh|ncnn pu an|repn'

@dqeþeg amg qu e~udrm ec an|pec'{

Pû|gegqe rn|n eqa|dld|# `dapn|# am||ehd| t `dlukn|' ½ûe`ñ cdqpm=# ½eqpîg ldeg

qern|n`nq cnq rncnl|nq=# ½qe rueècee| èqè cekmq=

Cmh|mq èc r|mteapm

Amoegpn amg pu h|urm;½Añom fdadqpe ec an|pec={

½Ec pnonþm è cn cep|n{

t è cn dcuqp|nadñg e|n ecnèaun`m=½Ec an|pec iue ûpdc rn|n cn{

amgie|egadn=

R|mùapm idgnc

Egqntn amg pu h|urm cn amgie|egadn#qdhudeg`m ug m|èg;

½ûä naadègpe m egie|oe`n` qe{

luqan r|eyegd|=½Añom rueèg fnae|cm={

½ûä |eamoeg`nadmgeq rueèg fnae|={

An`n e~udrm r|eqegpe nc rûlcdam dgydpn`mcn amgie|egadn' Eqauafeg quq ù`nq t|eqrñg`ngcnq'




Cm fnhmout ldeg



Dègpdidam nydqmq rn|n aud`n| cn qncu` tr|eyegd| naadègpeq'

Luqam dgim|onadñg ûpdc eg `die|egpeqiuegpeq è amgqucpn'

Eorcem an|peceq rn|n r|momye| ecaud`n`m è cn qncu` t eydpn| naadègpeq'

Evrmghm odq dgyeqpdhnadmgeq ngpe ugrûlcdam'


Nupmeyncunadñg


Rn|n |encd{n| odevrmqdadñg;

Qdeor|e N yeaeq Oe incpnfnae|cm

\eqrepm cnq |ehcnq ~ueeqpnlceae ec e~udrm rn|np|nlnkn| oekm|'





>58EYNCUNADÑG @EC LCMÛE Y

Dègpdidan t eqa|dle ec qdhgdidan`m è cmq qdhudegpeq qïolmcmq;

½Eg `ñgè rueèq cmancd{n| cmq qïolmcmq ngpe|dm|eq=

Nchugmq r|mùapmq ~ue èleg ongekn|qe amg aud`n`m qmg;

Dègpdidan ~uä pdrm ̀ e cep|nq uqn|ïnq eg ug an|pec t egadä||ncnq eg ug aï|aucm;

lnqu|n A m c m a n c n

eg qu cuhn|

l n q u | n A m c m a

n c n

eg qu cuhn|

lnqu|n A m c m a

n c n

eg qu cuhn|

Evpdgpm|

Gm iuon|



Ldlcdmh|niïn

A|ä`dpmq damgmh|îidamq

R' >5# Donheg è rm|pn`n è cn ml|n è Af|dqpmrfe|Ontgn|`# @dgmqnu|dmq # qer-Oehn E`dadmgeq: KungRncmon| è Odhuec# Dpnanpe è rncnl|nq oevdangnq #qer-@eqpdgm: He||t Lndcet# Cn e|n è cnq gueynq dènq #qer-qo è E`dadmgeq: Cnu|de Leajecong# Aue|rm fuongm # qer-Maängm'R' >9# Donheg è rîhdgn è cn ml|n è A{e|geajdQpeing t \fmèq Pdompft# Cn Qe|rdegpe ~ue angpn# qer-N|peq è Oävdam t è cn ml|n è Gueqp|mq nodhmq cmq ngdonceq t cnq rcngpnq # qer-Pfeon t Eu|moävdam'R' >6#Re`|m Om|egm# Od r|doe| `daadmgn|dm è inugn è Oävdam # qer-qo è E`dadmgeq'R' <8# Donheg è rm|pn`n è cn ml|n è Afn|ceqRe||nucp# Anre|uadpn \mkn # qer-Kuyegpu`: LegknoïgR|eadn`m Qmcïq &qec'# p|n`'# n`nrp'$# Aung`m L|nfon`nppn e|n |et è Legn|äq # qer-Onhegpn

E`dadmgeq: Hnl|decn Jeqecong# Pe cm fe `dafm >22 yeaeq # qer-@eqpdgm'R' 8># Donheg è rm|pn`n è H|ngn`mq Ngpmgdm# Eqpe e|n ug cîrd{ 'R' 88# Impmh|niïn ymcaîg# ¤Mpfe| Donheq'R' >>2# Impmh|niïnq è pdh|e# mqm# kd|nin# eceingpe# ceñg#|dgmae|mgpe# ¤Rfmpm qpmaj'R' >>5# Donheg è rm|pn`n è cn ml|n è Ngn On|ïnOnafn`m# Nf# rnkn|dpn qd tm ru`de|n…# qer-Gm|onE`dadmgeq: @mq ydeknq ceteg`nq # qer-Pngä N|pe t@dqeþm: Anorlecc Heeqcdg# Ecegdpn # qer-Jñjdgmq: @ngdecOugù|uju# Ec gdþm t ec hm||dñg# qer-Anccdq: Pdgn Oe|mpm#Cn l|ukn |eafdgn`degpeq # qer-m~m E`dpm|n'R' ><># Doîhegeq è cnq rîhdgnq >2 t >> èc cdl|mKucdn @mgnc`qmg# Ec H|uincñ # qer -Anqpdccm# r' 8: Km|`dQde||n d Inl|n# Ec qmc`n`m t cn gdþn # qer-@eqpdgm'

Ngè|qeg# Fngq Af|dqpdng# –Ec rnpdpm iem‟ &ye|qdñg

<# n`nrpnadñg$# eg Acîqdamq rn|n amgpn| ' Oävdam#Qeceapm|'Ngè|qeg# Fngq Af|dqpdng' –Ec rnpdpm iem‟ &ye|qdñg >#

n`nrpnadñg$# eg Onc`mgn`m \myd|n# Aceoegpdgn#Cem qmcdpm' Amor|egqdñg è ceapu|n ' E`dpm|dncUgdye|qdpn|dn# Qngpdnhm è Afdce# <225# rîh' 9>'

Ngñgdom# –N `mg On|pïg‟ eg Kuehmq p|n`dadmgnceq cnpdgmnoe|dangmq ' N cn |ue`n |ue`n''' Oävdam#qer-ugdaei# >468# rîh' >00'

Ngñgdom# –Amgekdpmq è amcm|eq‟ eg Fdgmkmqn#I|ngadqam &ngp'$ Auägpnoe' Ceapu|nq rn|n pm`mq cmq `ïnq ' Oävdam# Anqpdccm# <224# rîhq' >>2 t

>>>'Ngñgdom# –@eqrde|pn''' ‟ t –Rnkn|dccm'''‟ eg Amrcnq è nom| èc imcjcm|e oevdangm ' I|egj Ncnpm||e#On|hdp t Kdoäge{ è Lîe{# Dyeppe &qec'$ Oävdam# EcAmcehdm è Oävdam# >481# rîhq' 91# 98'

Ngñgdom# –N cn |ue`n è Qng Odhuec‟# –N cn yïlm|n

è cn on|‟# –Gn|ngkn ùcae‟ t –Aung`m cn |ngn~ude|e hm{n|‟ eg @ïn{ \mdh# Oe|aeèq t Odnkn#Pe|eqn &amor'$# Gn|ngkn ùcae# cdoñg rn|pd`m 'Ngpmcmhïn è cn cï|dan dgingpdc oevdangn ' Oävdam#Ec Amcehdm è Oävdam# >484# rîhq' <9# 14# 04t 54'

Ngñgdom# –Mcn ~ue ydege‟ eg I|egj Ncnpm||e# On|hdp#ep nc ' Amrcnq yn|dnq t yn|dnq angadmgeq ' Oävdam#Ec Amcehdm è Oävdam# >46<# rîh' <>< &qe|deAngadmge|m Imcjcñ|dam è Oävdam# DY$'

Ngñgdom# –Qd ~ude|eq ynomq nc on|‟ amrcn è –®Utpn|n cn cn.‟: t –@ec adecm antñ ug re|dam‟ amrcn

è –Cn Qngon|~ueþn‟ eg I|egj Ncnpm||e# On|hdpep nc' Amrcnq èc nom| iecd{ # Oävdam# Ec Amcehdmè Oävdam# >485# rîhq' <5 t <11'

Cuhm Fulr# Kmqä' @daadmgn|dm hemom|imcñhdam 'Oävdam# ugno# >464# rîh' <>4'

Eqrnþmc' R|doe| h|n`m

qe dor|dodñ rm| egan|hm ̀ e cn Amodqdñg Gnadmgnc

è Cdl|mq ̀ e Pevpm H|npudpmq# eg cmq

pncce|eq è ))))# amg `modadcdm eg

))))# eg ec oeq è ))) è <2>>'



QER

@D\EAADÑG HEGE\NC @EONPE\DNCEQ E@UANPDYMQ@d|eaadñg è @eqn||mccm e Dggmynadñg è Onpe|dnceq Eùanpdymq

Ydnùapm \ïm è cn Rde`n` 528# aun|pm rdqm#

H|ngknq Oävdam# D{pnancam#

26022# Oävdam# @' I'

@npmq hege|nceq

Egpd`n`;

Eqauecn;

Pu|gm; Onpupdgm Yeqre|pdgm Eqauecn è pdeorm amorcepm

H|n`m;



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE>9

Angpmq t angadmgeq®N kuhn|. Amorcepn cn angadñg'

@eleq |eam|pn| t rehn| eqpnq i|nqeqqml|e cnq cïgenq am||eqrmg`degpeq rn|namorcepn| cn cep|n `e cn angadñg'

ydege cn n|nþn

ydege cn eqamln

ydege ec nhun

ydege cn cuol|e

ydege cn ccnye

>09

Cn |ngn eg ec nhun



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




Angpmq t angadmgeq®N kuhn|. Amorcepn cn angadñg'

Aung`m cn |ngn ~ude|e hm{n|#ydege cn omqan t cn fnae h|dpn|'

Cn omqan n cn |ngn#cn |ngn eg ec nhun qe eafn n gn`n|'

Aung`m cn omqan ~ude|e hm{n|#

t cn fnae h|dpn|'

Cn n|nþn n cn omqan#cn omqan n cn |ngn#cn |ngn eg ec nhun qe eafn n gn`n|'

Aung`m cn n|nþn ~ude|e hm{n|#

t cn fnae h|dpn|'

Cn eqamln n cn n|nþn#cn n|nþn n cn omqan#cn omqan n cn |ngn#cn |ngn eg ec nhun qe eafn n gn`n|'

Aung`m cn eqamln ~ude|e hm{n|#

t cn fnae h|dpn|'

Cn cuol|e n cn eqamln#cn eqamln n cn n|nþn#cn n|nþn n cn omqan#cn omqan n cn |ngn#cn |ngn eg ec nhun qe eafn n gn`n|'

Aung`m cn cuol|e ~ude|e hm{n|#

t cn fnae h|dpn|'

Ec nhun n cn cuol|e#cn cuol|e n cn eqamln#cn eqamln n cn n|nþn#cn n|nþn n cn omqan#cn omqan n cn |ngn#cn |ngn eg ec nhun qe eafn n gn`n|'

Aung`m ec nhun ~ude|e hm{n|#

t cn fnae h|dpn|'

>09



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




Oeom|non `e kuehmq t kuhuepeq52

recmpn

rnpdgeq

tmtm

an||m

ouþean

p|morm

|enpn

lnce|m

aulmq



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




o û q d a n

| n ` d m

| d q n

r d q n ` n

g d þ

m

h n p m

a u e g p m

g d þ n

| e c m k

Ongmpn{m `e rncnl|nq><<



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE><

r u e | p n

f m k n q

a n

o r n g n

y d e g

p m

r e | | m

a n | | m

c c u y d n

r î k n | m

n y d ñ g

Ongmpn{m `e rncnl|nq><<



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE>>

Cmq ngdonceq `ec {mmcñhdam®Ynomq n n|on| gueqp|m {mmcñhdam.

>24



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE>>




Cmq ngdonceq `ec {mmcñhdam®Ynomq n n|on| gueqp|m {mmcñhdam.

>24



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE

Id|on



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE

O ep ec nc eg h u n

A d e| | nc m q m k m q

@ e q rï ` ep e

H u n| ` n q d c eg a d m

H

d | nf n a d nc nd { ~ ud e| ` n

@ n ug r n q m np | î q

R î | np e

Q mg| ï e



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




N N N E E E D DD M M M U U U L

L L A A A @ @ @I I I H H H F F

K K K J J J C C

C O O O G G G Þ

Þ Þ R R R ^ ^ ^

\ \ \ Q Q Q P PP Y Y Y X X X V

V V T T T [ [ [

Ncinlepm oñydc®N eqa|dld| amg ec ncinlepm oñydc.

4



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




N N N E E E D DD M M M U U U L

L L A A A @ @ @I I I H H H F F

K K K J J J C C

C O O O G G G Þ

Þ Þ R R R ^ ^ ^

\ \ \ Q Q Q P PP Y Y Y X X X V

V V T T T [ [ [


4



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE




l l l l l l a aa a a a ` ` ` `

` c c c c c c oo o o o o g g g

g g r r r r r r| | | | | | q q

q q q q p p p p

p p l l l a a a

` ` c c o o g g

r r | | q q q p


4



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE<

n n n n n n n ee e e e e e d d

d d d d m m m mm m m u u u u u

u u i i i h h hh f f f k k k kj j j þ þ þ ~ ~

~ ~ y y y y x x

x v v v t t t t

{ { { n e d m u


4



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE>


n n n n n n n ee e e e e e d d

d d d d m m m mm m m u u u u u

u u i i i h h hh f f f k k k kj j j þ þ þ ~ ~

~ ~ y y y y x x

x v v v t t t t

{ { { n e d m u

4



QEAADÑG \EAM\PNLCE

Español 1º RIEB Alumno 2011-2012

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Transcript of Español 1º RIEB Alumno 2011-2012