Eq. Quimico 2012
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Transcript of Eq. Quimico 2012
-
!!"#""#" $$!%"!%" &&'$!'$! !!"#""#" $$!%"!%" &&'$!'$!#%#% ""%""%(( $%$%!! )) (( !!"#"%""#"%" $$!&!&&&&&&&"#"%""#"%" $$!&!&&&&&&&
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-
/"$"&/"$"& !"&!"& &&&&&& )"&)"&/"$"&/"$"& !"&!"& &&&&&& )"&)"&!0!0!!#"#" !! "$-"$-!0!0!!#"#" !! "$-"$-$$!%"!%"!!&$"&$" $$!%"!%" )")" &&!!&$"&$" $$!%"!%" )")" &&$$ %!0%!0 $1$1 (( ""$$ %!0%!0 $1$1 (( ""&1&1&1&1
-
!"###"$%#"&!"###"$%#"""'$("#")"###""!#""'$("#")"###""!#""'$("#")"###""!#""'$("#")"###""!(##"%#"#"%"##"(##"%#"#"%"##""%"%"%"%
"$#%&-"$#%&- "$#%&-"$#%&- "&$"!"%%2"&(#%"$"&"&$"!"%%2"&(#%"$"& "&%"&$&"%-"&%"&$&"%- "&%"&$&"%-"&%"&$&"%- 3%-"$2$$!,%3%-"$2$$!,%
-
! " # $ # !%[]! "[]# & % #& !%
[ ] [ ] [ ]RRR =
12[ ] [ ] [ ]TR
TTRR
=
12
12
[] '[]!()*[]# '[]!()*)
+[ ]TR
velocidad
=
+,-
)
T
-
FISICA45ESPACIO(M) FISICA V = 45/7
35
40
45 FISICAVELOCIDAD
V = ESPACIO/TIEMPO
V = 45/7
30
35
20
25 V = 25/4
10
15
V = 10/2
5
10 V = 10/2
TIEMPO(S)
2 4 7
-
.
[ ] [ ] [ ]TP
TTPP
velocidad
=
=
12
12
TTT 12
)/))/)
#
[ ] [ ]PdRdvelocidad 1==
#
[ ] [ ]dT
PddT
Rdvelocidad
21
==
dDcCbBaA ++0) dDcCbBaA ++0)[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]DdCdBdAd
velocidad 1111 ====
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]dT
DdddT
CdcdT
BdbdT
Ada
velocidad 1111 ====
-
*+**+**+**+*
4%!0$!"&%2"&4%!0$!"&%2"&4%!0$!"&%2"&4%!0$!"&%2"&"%-$!"&%2"&"%-$!"&%2"&"%-$!"&%2"&"%-$!"&%2"&/#%%/#%%/#%%/#%%%&"&$%&"&$%&"&$%&"&$!0$"%&!0$"%&
-
++++
1(1(*
!%"$"!&"&%!&"!,!&!%"$"!&"&%!&"!,!&$!"&%2"&$!"&%2"&$!"&%2"&$!"&%2"&
5'%-$!%"$"!&"&$5'%-$!%"$"!&"&$#"%%&!$"")"#"%%&!$"")"#"%%&!$"")"#"%%&!$"")"
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56789620670:68 9,8656789620670:68 9,86
8;9802.28089620?6 0798
8
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56789620670:68 9,8656789620670:68 9,86
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++,++,++,++,
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7#!!&%"&!&7#!!&%"&!& 7#!!&%"&!&7#!!&%"&!&"$&!&&%"&&"$&!&&%"&&%!&&'&%!&&'&%!&&'&%!&&'&
48.9:48.9:00 8.98.9 4400 8.98.9 ;; ;89:;;89:; 8!98!9 ;; 8989 ;;11;89:;;89:;008!98!9 ;;118989
:;:;11:89:89 6 6
-
++,++,++,++,
-""."/-""."/-""."/-""."/
7$%-%2%&!!7$%-%2%&!!%2%2"&(#%"$"&$&&%2%2"&(#%"$"&$&&7$%-%2%&!!7$%-%2%&!!%2%2"&(#%"$"&$&&%2%2"&(#%"$"&$&&'&&'&&
11 8&98&9 8&9:8&9:008.98.9
5"&$"&&-!$"&(!5"&$"&&-!$"&(!.&.&"&('&&"&('&&$&&$&&$&&$&&
84;
-
23,324323,324323,324323,3243+ +++ ++
52!"$$$%-%"#"%"!52!"$$$%-%"#"%"!52!"$$$%-%"#"%"!52!"$$$%-%"#"%"!!"!!%$$$!&!"!!%$$$!&&&&%&&&&%&&&&%&&&&%&
=%$"!!($-$&&!&=%$"!!($-$&&!&=%$"!!($-$&&!&=%$"!!($-$&&!&2!"$$&$%-&"#%"#"%"!&2!"$$&$%-&"#%"#"%"!&!&"%"&$!&&&&!&"%"&$!&&&&!&"%"&$!&&&&!&"%"&$!&&&&
7!%- :>:=7!%- :>:=
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-
33 >?>?[[
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!!%"&&!3!!%"&&!3>3>3 !!%"&&!3!!%"&&!3>3>3 7 7 ??[[
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[ ][ ]DCK==
.%!#%%- .%!#%%-
[ ][ ][ ][ ]BA
DCKKcKK
si C ==2
1
.%!#%%- .%!#%%-
::$=::$=
3>?3>?[[
]][[]]3>?3>? [[
]][[==]]$$
[ ] [ ][ ] [ ]ba
dc
CDCK =
3>?3>?[[
]][[==]]$$ [ ] [ ]baC BAK = 6 6
-
("#"%"('%56("#"%"('%56 77("#"%"('%56("#"%"('%56%%77
( ) ( )dc pp .( ) ( )( ) ( )cCaA
dD
c
C
pppp
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.
= ( ) ( )CA pp ..
B"C-CB"C-C
," /" 0,"1 1
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2 / 02
6 6
-
"&$!%"8"&$!%"8?#?#99"&$!%"8"&$!%"8?#?#99 !%-2&%"% !%-2&%"%
78.9:8.978.9:8.9 768.9768.978.9:8.978.9:8.9 768.9768.9 3
2
=SOpK
=!-.%!$!"&.&& =!-.%!$!"&.&&
3
2 2
2
=
SOP
SO O
pK
p p =!-.%!$!"&.&& =!-.%!$!"&.&&
&" &" p V n R T = &" &" p V n R T = n R Tp
V
= [ ]Molaridad R T= pV
= [ ]Molaridad R T= 2 2
132 2[ ] (R ) (R )
[ ] (R ) [ ] (R )
= =
P CSO TK K T
SO T O T
2 22 2
(R ) [ ] (R ) [ ] (R )= = P CK K TSO T O T
6 6
-
"'""6"'""6%%66"'""6"'""6%%66
( ) ( )dc pp .( ) ( )( ) ( )ca
dD
c
C
pppp
Kpsi.
.
.............. = ( ) ( )cCaA ppKpsi ............... =,-!
0-
0- 6 6
-
"($%"($"68%"#"#"%"#""($%"($"68%"#"#"%"#""($%"($"68%"#"#"%"#""($%"($"68%"#"#"%"#"#""%"("%""9#""%"("%""9"":#""(#".("("":#""(#".("("":#""(#".("("":#""(#".("(
=
c dC Dp pK [ ] ( ) [ ] ( ) c c d dC RT D RT =
C D
P a bA B
p pKp p
[ ] ( ) [ ] ( )[ ] ( ) [ ] ( )
=
c c d d
a a b bC RT D RTA RT B RT
= ( ) nP CK K RT
"##""##";""":#";""":#"
= ( )P CK K RT "##""##";""":#";""":#""(#".("(5"(#".("(5%#(%#(
-
nRTKcKp = nRTKcKp = RTKcKp =
6 6
-
Principio de Le ChtelierPrincipio de Le ChtelierSi un sistema que ha alcanzado el equilibrioqumico es perturbado (cambio de concentracin,qumico es perturbado (cambio de concentracin,T, P, V), reacciona oponindose a la perturbacin,de modo de volver a la condicin de equilibrio.de modo de volver a la condicin de equilibrio.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
6 6
-
Principio de Le Chtelier: Efecto Principio de Le Chtelier: Efecto de la concentracinde la concentracinde la concentracinde la concentracin
6 6
-
Principio de Le ChtelierPrincipio de Le ChtelierN2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
6 6
-
Principio de Le Chtelier: Proceso HaberPrincipio de Le Chtelier: Proceso HaberN2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
6 6
-
="%/ ("6% >???6"
"'#")'#"!("'#")'#"!("""56;>$@@AB>?+@ABCCDD CC 6 6
-
*%"*%" ("#""#""'/("#""#""'/
.7.7 00 5.75.7 !"?$AD>EF!"?$AD>EF:: ""00EE55.7.7 00005.75.7 !"?$AD>EF!"?$AD>EF:: ""%"('"""""%"""("%"('"""""%"""("9
"#9
"# >?'()"(#9>?'()"(#99
"#9
"#00EE >?'()"(#9>?'()"(#9"%""%"((/;?$?G0/;?$?G0HHHHII>> HH66II>>
""'#"(.("(%#"(#"#/""'#"(.("(%#"(#"#/((/;?$?G0/;?$?G0HHHHII>> HH66II>>
[ ] 10 0,38 p atm mol KN O M = = =// 00EE 0000
[ ]2 4.
10 0,38 R 0,082 318 inic
p atm mol KN O MT atm L K
= = =
// 00EE 000055 77 ?$1G?$1G ??"5"5 77 ?$1G?$1G
-
, +++ +, +++ +++++
7#!!-'$!7#!!-'$! 7#!!-'$!7#!!-'$! 5!(B#%-"&&&!5!(B#%-"&&&!
,%"&$!&2$$&,%"&$!&2$$&,%"&$!&2$$&,%"&$!&2$$& 7$%"%$%!2$$EF$7$%"%$%!2$$EF$
&"!"&$$"!&$&"&$&"!"&$$"!&$&"&$7$%"%$%!2$$EF$7$%"%$%!2$$EF$&"!"&$$"!&$&"&$&"!"&$$"!&$&"&$+(&$'$""$$$!+(&$'$""$$$!'2'2+(&$'$""$$$!+(&$'$""$$$!'2'2
52%-%!&-&'2&(52%-%!&-&'2&( 52%-%!&-&'2&(52%-%!&-&'2&(%!&&$#%#!!&'%0&%!&&$#%#!!&'%0&)%-&$%-)%-&$%-
)%-&$%-)%-&$%- 6 6
-
J+J+,+,+,+,+
+ ++ AOHOHHA + ++ AOHOHHA 32[ ][ ]+[ ][ ][ ][ ]
AOHKa 3+
= [ ][ ]OHHAKa 2=
[ ][ ]AOH +[ ][ ][ ]HA
AOHKa+
=3
[ ]HAKa =
6 6
-
J,+J,+,,
+ ++ OHRNHOHRNH
,,
+ ++ OHRNHOHRNH 322[ ][ ]+[ ][ ]
[ ]3
RNHOHRNH
Ki
+
= [ ]2RNHi
+ ++ OHNHOHNH ++ OHNHOHNH 423
[ ][ ]+[ ][ ][ ]
4
NHOHNH
Ki
+
=
[ ]3NHi 6 6
-
J++J++88+88+88+88+
+ ++ HCOOHOHCOH ++ 33232 HCOOHOHCOH
[ ][ ]HCOH +=
[ ][ ][ ]32
31 COH
HCOHK =
32+ ++ 23323 COOHOHHCO
[ ][ ][ ]
+
=
23COHK [ ][ ][ ]= 33
2 HCOK
6 6
-
G$""&G$""& ?? G$""&G$""& ??G$"'"%"G$"'"%"G$"!1"G$"!1"
AABAABHH
-
,+,+++
,+,+++
E"BE"BA()1CACA
HAcNONaHNOAcNa ++ ++ 22 22
[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] Kc
HNOHAc=
+2[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ] KcHNOAcH HNOHAc =+ 22
[ ][ ][ ]HNOAcH 2 6 6
-
"((#".(!""(!""
!! .. && !! &"!2&"!2 &&!! .. && !! &"!2&"!2 &&$'$$"$'$$" !! %!0+%!0+&&$'$$"$'$$" !! %!0+%!0+&&"$"&"$"& !"&!"& #%"&"%"&"& "!-."&+"!-."&+"$"&"$"& !"&!"& #%"&"%"&"& "!-."&+"!-."&+!($"!($" !! "" ((%"%" $$ !&!& ,!!&,!!& 22&+22&+%"%" $$ !&!& ,!!&,!!& 22&+22&+%%%%!! #%%& $!$!..%%%%!! #%%& $!$!..
6 6
-
J3J3J3J3
!.#$"&$%%&""&("!.#$"&$%%&""&("!.#$"&$%%&""&("!.#$"&$%%&""&("#"%!%-"$#"%!%-"$#%#%""&($"%!""%%-"#%#%""&($"%!""%%-"#%#%""&($"%!""%%-"#%#%""&($"%!""%%-"&&
+ ++ OHOHOHOH 322 ++ OHOHOHOH 322[ ][ ]3 OHOHK += [ ][ ][ ]22
3
OHOHOH
K a+
=
2
6 6
-
[ ] [ ][ ]+ OHHOHK[ ] [ ][ ]+ OHHOHK 2[ ][ ]+ OHHX 14100.1 [ ][ ] OHHX100.1
[ ]142 100.1 XX [ ]100.1 XX[ ]7100.1 XX [ ]7100.1 XX
6 6
-
7.%."&!&"!-"&I$%-."7.%."&!&"!-"&I$%-."7.%."&!&"!-"&I$%-."7.%."&!&"!-"&I$%-."!%!!%"#!$"+&!%"&!%!!%"#!$"+&!%"&$!0%1$"!$$$.&$!0%1$"!$$$.&$!0%1$"!$$$.&$!0%1$"!$$$.&$&"%&&"K;$&"%&&"K;CC LMK;LMK;IIL(!&"!-L(!&"!-$%1%1%8""#"%"9$%1%1%8""#"%"9$%1%1%8""#"%"9$%1%1%8""#"%"9$"$"$"$"$"$"
7$'&"!-1$""!#"&7$'&"!-1$""!#"& 7$'&"!-1$""!#"&7$'&"!-1$""!#"&("%"%-$#%""&!$("%"%-$#%""&!$"B$%!"&"B$%!"&"B$%!"&"B$%!"&
!&""%%"+&$""&"&"B$%!"!&""%%"+&$""&"&"B$%!"8;8;II9!!%"&$!0%1I!9!!%"&$!0%1I!8;8;II9!!%"&$!0%1I!9!!%"&$!0%1I!%(I%1("%$$$"&%(I%1("%$$$"&"B$%!"&!"&"&I$%-."&K;"B$%!"&!"&"&I$%-."&K;IILMK;LMK;CC LL
"B$%!"&!"&"&I$%-."&K;"B$%!"&!"&"&I$%-."&K;IILMK;LMK;CC LL 6 6
-
%-%-%-%- 7$'#;""!!".%".2"$7$'#;""!!".%".2"$
!"%-$I$%-." !"%-$I$%-." !"%-$I$%-." !"%-$I$%-." #;>#;>HH !".K;!".K;CC LL#;>#;>HH !".K;!".K; LL
&)!.#%&)!.#%K;K;CC L>L>IIDD K;K;CC L>L>IIDD
*%!!%!#;$&"!$*%!!%!#;$&"!$#;>#;>HH!".8B!".8BII0077#;>#;>HH8!".:!".8!".:!".II0077>>HH8J:88J:8HH9999#;>#;>HH8!".:!".8!".:!".II0077>>HH8J:88J:8HH9999#;>J#;>J
6 6
-
5"&2!"%$"%#;2$%"89A9"%%"$!.#%!2!"%&8#;>A9"%%"$!.#%!2!"%&8#;>A9"%%"$!.#%
("%&MAI&
-
6 6
-
&"&&"&E#F&"#%$"%1"!'"%.%!7&"E!'F!B#%&-"&$%$
#;>H !".K;CL
#;>H !".K;IL
#?>H !".?8&%'%!"&$!%"9#?>H !".?8&%'%!"&$!%"9
;)"&2&"#%!"&-$!.
?P>K;C LK;IL>BI>E
"$"EH!".E"$"EH!".E
H!".K;CLH!".K;IL>H!".8BI>E9
#;:#;>? #"K#
;08!9:;1;89>;1:89:;1H89??>?????>???
5??>?< L7M??>? LL
(""(/
[ ][ ][ ]
( ))010.0(1082.13
3 25 XxCOOHCH
COOCHHKa === +
[ ] )010.0(3COOHCH"(!"#/L;E0AL>? IE
#;>66A#;>66A
"(!"#/L;E0AL>? IE
%26.410001.0
000426.0..%.........135100
1.000135.0
== XX
01.01.0 6 6
-
++3+++3+++ 3++++ 3++++3+++3+
&&"!&"#"!"&&"!&"#"!" &&"!&"#"!"&&"!&"#"!"&"%-$"I$%""&"%-$"I$%""
!.#%"#$$$!.#%"#$$$ !.#%"#$$$!.#%"#$$$%&""&"&;%&""&"&;::
$"&!R$1$""&'%$"&!R$1$""&'% 5$-$"!$5$-$"!$ 5$-$"!$5$-$"!$
!"%I)$%"!=."%.!"%I)$%"!=."%."$;:$"$;:$HHAAHH
-
++3+++3+++ 3++++ 3++
$2%&"%"&"&)"&("!-."&$2%&"%"&"&)"&("!-."&
++3+++3+
$2%&"%"&"&)"&("!-."&$2%&"%"&"&)"&("!-."&&&%"!#;&.$%"&&%"!#;&.$%"$%"&!&&%I"&$%"&!&&%I"&$%"&!&&%I"&$%"&!&&%I"&
!#;$!&.%&A
-
++3+++3+++ 3++++ 3++
&&"!-$1$"$,!"&&&"!-$1$"$,!"&
++3+++3+
&&"!-$1$"$,!"&&&"!-$1$"$,!"&$,!(&&!5"&$"&"#"&$$,!(&&!5"&$"&"#"&$&%#%&&&%#%&&&%#%&&&%#%&&
5$&"!-!#$$$%&&%5$&"!-!#$$$%&&%5$&"!-!#$$$%&&%5$&"!-!#$$$%&&%!"&"&$#;$"&.%.!"&"&$#;$"&.%.#R&$$&"$1$"&""#R&$$&"$1$"&""#R&$$&"$1$"&""#R&$$&"$1$"&""$&&$&&5$&"!-"%.$"%&1"#&5$&"!-"%.$"%&1"#& 5$&"!-"%.$"%&1"#&5$&"!-"%.$"%&1"#"%1$""&(&!#"%1$""&(&!
6 6
-
++3+++3+++ 3++++ 3++
!&$&"!"&"%.$"%&&"(!&$&"!"&"%.$"%&&"(#"%&!""%&!"&&&&&&&)"&("!-.&)"&("!-.&
++3+++3+
#"%&!""%&!"&&&&&&&)"&("!-.&)"&("!-.& !#;!!#;!%#"I"%#"I" 2%)I"$2%)I"$ !#;!!#;!%#"I"%#"I" 2%)I"$2%)I"$
'!$"$"%"N#"%*#!"+!#;$!'!$"$"%"N#"%*#!"+!#;$!&.%&.%&&!%$$"%$A+
-
&"!"%.$"%&$$"$,!"&"!"%.$"%&$$"$,!""%"&%!2!&$!$"($!&!$"%"&%!2!&$!$"($!&!$"%"&%!2!&$!$"($!&!$"%"&%!2!&$!$"($!&!$$""&$%!"%.$"%$","$""&$%!"%.$"%$","HH"+!"+!!!
$!,"(!$!""8$!"$!!
$!,"(!$!""8$!"$!!
$!,"(!$!""8$!"$!!
$!,"(!$!""8$!"$&"$"9&"&"$"9&"
+ + 232232 OHCHOHHC[ ][ ]
[ ]5232 108.1
+
= XOHHCOHCH
[ ]232 108.1= XOHHC&"8;0;109>80;10I9
[ ] MXH 5108.1 + =74.4)108.1log( 5 == XpH
74.4)108.1log( 5 == XpH 6 6
-
/,/,&$#$#%#%%#%#%%"%.$"%&"%.$"%&!"&!"&!! #%"#"%-#%"#"%-$$!! "%-"%-$!$!!%"!"!%"!"!! #%"#"%-#%"#"%-$$!! "%-"%-$!$!!%"!"!%"!"$,!$,!"" !!
$!$!"""Q"Q"" && && ,,&$#$&%&%#%#% "%"%"%.$"%"%.$"%.. #;#; 8"8" #;9#;9 $'%$'%$!$!#?#? $!$!$"$".. #;#; 8"8" #;9#;9 $'%$'%$!$!#?#? $!$!$"$"$,!$,!"" 8#?8#? $$!! &&$,!9$,!9 7#"."&7#"."&&&%% #%#%%#%#%% "%.$"%"%.$"%$$ =,!=,!%% #%#%%#%#%% "%.$"%"%.$"%$$ =,!=,!I#","I#"," ;;
+ + AHHA
[ ][ ]AH=
+[ ][ ][ ] KaHA
AH=
+
[ ]HA
6 6
-
[ ] [ ][ ] KaAH logloglog =+
+[ ] [ ][ ] KaHAH logloglog =++[ ] [ ][ ] KaHA
AH logloglog =
+
[ ]HA[ ]A[ ][ ] pKaHAApH =
log
[ ][ ]HAApKapH
+= log -$;$%&"H;&!!I
sal
CC
pKipH log+=
[ ]HA
acidoC
6 6
-
*#!" *#!" ".(""/0+".(""/0+005.7C5.7C005.75.7 00++115.7+"9""H%""("("("5.7+"9""H%""("("("++115.7+"9""H%""("("("5.7+"9""H%""("("("#"#)"""(""("(#"#"#)"""(""("(#"("!(5+("!(5+00 007+"%#""'7+"%#""'!"&""("#"(!"&""("#"(!"&""("#"(!"&""("#"(""(#""!(#"%#(""(#""!(#"%#(("!K#("((.""(#(/("!K#("((.""(#(/("!K#("((.""(#(/("!K#("((.""(#(/
"%!&"%!&8"!!98"!!9
Concentr. equilibrio (mol/l)8"!!98"!!9
K7K7LL KKLL K7K766LL
B#B# ?$0??$0? ?$0??$0? NN
(mol/l)[SO2] [O2] [SO3] Kc
B#B# ?$0??$0? ?$0??$0? NN
B#B# ?$>F?$>F ?$E??$E? NN
0,030 0,115 0,170
0,014 0,332 0,135
279,2
280,7B#6B#6 NN NN ?$0??$0?
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En el laboratorio de fisicoquimica de la F.F.B.Q de En el laboratorio de fisicoquimica de la F.F.B.Q de En el laboratorio de fisicoquimica de la F.F.B.Q de En el laboratorio de fisicoquimica de la F.F.B.Q de la UNICA, se coloca en un frasco de 10.0 litros la UNICA, se coloca en un frasco de 10.0 litros 0.300 moles de CH0.300 moles de CH88 y 0.300 moles de HI , a 425 y 0.300 moles de HI , a 425 0.300 moles de CH0.300 moles de CH88 y 0.300 moles de HI , a 425 y 0.300 moles de HI , a 425 K y 1.16 atm. Hallar :K y 1.16 atm. Hallar :
Kp para la reaccin CKp para la reaccin C HH (g) +HI(g) (g) +HI(g) CC HH I(g)I(g) Kp para la reaccin CKp para la reaccin C44HH88(g) +HI(g) (g) +HI(g) CC44HH99I(g)I(g) Numero de moles que se requerirn con una Numero de moles que se requerirn con una
mayor cantidad de Cmayor cantidad de C HH para elevar la presin de para elevar la presin de mayor cantidad de Cmayor cantidad de C44HH88 para elevar la presin de para elevar la presin de equilibrio a 1.50 atm.equilibrio a 1.50 atm.
Finalmente, los moles que se requeriran de NFinalmente, los moles que se requeriran de N22como gas inerte para elevar la presin total de como gas inerte para elevar la presin total de equilibrio a 1.50 atmequilibrio a 1.50 atmequilibrio a 1.50 atmequilibrio a 1.50 atm
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