"EFECTO DE DOS DE.\ISIDADES DE SIEJv\BRA Y CUATRO" NIVElES

DE ?ODA EN EL R.ENDIM!E':-HO DE LA SANDIA {CitnJ!IIJs lonmusl

CULTIVAR MICKYlEE BAJO PROTECCION

POR

Cu~io Camacho Coáoma

TESIS '

' PRESENTADA A l..;\

ESCUELA AGRICOLA P ANAMERIC.A:NA

COMO REQUISITO PREVIO A LA OBTENCION

DEL TITULO DE

INGENIERO AGRONOMO

'

EL ZAMORANO, HONDURAS

Mayo, 1993

1

EFE!:TO !.'E !lOS !.IENSl!IA!IE~ !:'E SIEMBRA Y CURTRD NIVELES DE PODA

EN EL RE!".D!M!ENTO DE LA SAND!A (!:i "tr"l' '..!"- "~""h'") !:t!LT!YAR

M!CY.YLEE BAJO PROTEC!:!DN.

iii

{l Di=.

iv

AGRADEC!M!ENTO

TITULO ••••••••••••• DE!~SCH!:!S DEL AUTOR. i:'ED!CATQRIA •••••••• AGRADEC!M!E~TO •••• !MD!CS ~ENERAL •.•.. !ND1CE DE CUADROS •• !MD!CE DE 8RAFICQS ••••••• !ND!CE DE ~EXQS •••••••••

H!D!CE

L !!.

!NTROD'JCCION ...•..•••••• REV!SION DE L!TSR.:<TU?."'! •••••••

A. i:'e,.cri;>ciOn t:-<:ot~.nic~. d..- li. pl;,.nte.. B. Ef.,ct<:>e d"' la poda .••••••••••••••• C. Ef!?<=t= d,. la d..-n<=idi'.d de ,¡ierr:br ...

!!!. MATE?.!AL.<::S Y METODOS ••••••••••.. p_ B.

U!gar d"'! "'XP"'rim~t<>. F"'ch~~ y perl~~---·······

!:. Mat.,.rial "'"p..-rio..-nt~.l .. D. M;,.n.,.Jc del e~per-imento. E:. P"'r~metr<:><;> "'-'alwad<:>!i. F. Di,.ei'!<:> ..-xp .. ,..im.,.ntal.

!V RESULTADOS •••• V. D!SCUS!ON ••••• VI. C0NCLI..!S!QNES •• '.'!!. RECOMEt>!DAC!ONES. V! ! ! . R!O:SUME:N •••••••••••••

,_

!X. B!E'L!OG?."'.F!A ••••••••••••...•...•••••••••••••••••••• X. .~EXOS ••...••••.••••••• D."TDS B!DGR!l.F!COS DE:L AUTOR. A~DB.AS!O"l ••••••••••••••••••

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!!'!DICE DE GRAFlCQS

!'ir?.fi<:<> !. P"'""' ~rcme~ic ::!e fr~tP<O •...•.....•........

GroHi:::c 2. Gr?.d<>"' Brix (Sólidc« $Plul!le,. t<>t?.le,.) •.••... 53

Gr?.fi:::<> 3. D:i~metn:> t<:>t<ll <Je frute!! ..................... 54

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~ ~ia '""' una planta herbácea, an\Utl, r.u.trere. o

trepadora, apropiada pare. cultivo.. interudvoe de "'ecano ~·

re¡:adio. De ltcr'.lerda can el C6di¡;¡:o Alimentario E: .. pail.ol. la

eandia ,.,..t~ claeificada como fruto Cffrno,..o, por tener an ..u

pa_~e comestible máE del cincuenta por ciento da aornua.

Su nombre procede

perteneciente al Sind o

del árabe

Indost~. Se

propia

la ocnooe t~bi~n por

~ia, :-:e::n<l.ia, albudeca o alb'.J.de¡;¡:a. En lot< ei'"lo,. XVI y XVII

"'"' di,.ti~ia con el nombre de badea y bateoa, actualmente

est!!.!! den~ine-ionee e><tán en de=o. En Portu.-=al ee ll=

melancia.

El t:énero Citr.Jllu"' ee ori.:;:ir-..ar-io dt> }..frica ~· .">.eia

Occidental {V:::.len..~~:::.,198'1). F'!!rtenece a la f&:>.ilía de l::.e

cuourbítáceae 1' .. u n=bNI cientifíco e,. Cltrullu~ J.~n!l.tu:><.

La euperfioie total mundial dedioad.a al oulth•o de la

~die. ee de 1.827.000 ha apro~imad~nte. De><taca en primer

lu:::ar la e..": U.R.S.S. <o.ue, con =dio clllén de heotárea!l. ~runa

producción de 2.500.000 toneladae, repreeenta la primera

2

potencia mundial en cuanto a superficie cultivada. Le sigue

TurQuia con 210.000 hectáreas y una producción aproximada de

4.000.000 de toneladae, lo cu.al lo convierte en el primer

productor I!IUild:ial. En cuanto a rendimientoa por hec"t<área Japón

produce 33.000 kilogramos por hectárea y Egipto 25.000 Kg y

son conaideradoa loe más al toe. Otros paises productores que

también tienen importancia, aunque con mucha menor superficie,

son Irán que cultiva 100.000 hectárea,., Estados Unidos, Brasil

y Siria con unas 85.000 hectárefi.e, siendo loe pa:iaee menos

productores: Mauritania, Hondurae, Ecuador, Uruguay, Libano,

Po;~rú, Francia y Hungria. La mayoria de las naciones mantienen

una superficie media nnual y •>in variaciones een•dbles, no

obstante algunas como Yugoslavia, Italia, China, lrak y España

aum~ntan afio trae año eu superficie, mientras que otras como

Estado a Unidos, la ex U.R.S.S. y Argentina disminuyen

paulatinamente la extensión dedicada a este cultivo (Instituto

Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias de España, 1978).

La ee.ndia ha adquirido gran importancia actualmente

debido a lae mejoras en loe eist~mas d~ cultivo,introducci6n

de cultivares más apropiados, lo cual mejora la calidad del

fruto; esto más las diferent~s investigaciones que se

realizan, ayudan a que el agricultor pueda ampliar ous

cultivos y obtener gan~cias justas.

La densidad de siembra. diferentee niveles de peda y sus

.. n 1?. ~r<:>d:!::ción p,. '""'ndi?., tr;,:t;,:ndP p.,. "'n::pntr'"r l;>. d2n!<id;,:d

y niv"! C" .,,d~. ó~timP pe;r,._ "1 ::wltivP c., !;,. lU~.ndi."- ~n !O!

! i'.m::-rs..ml •

El t><llo "'"' <::ilindri<:<l, C<ln !H.!r<::<>E l<lngit:.~dina!e" '( '.',.ll<:>S<>.

3) H<>j ""

~. l l' el

E<>n :>?.rti<:!~.s,

" '

:c-innati:c-:.rtida }'

' -.¡. Fl<:>r~,.

.1979).

5) -

b)

E. Ef"ECTQS DE Le Pf!r.p.,

ti.!OIHH1

~llc '..!n

fr~tctific~.ci'Ófl \' 1 ~ prc-::!'..!cci6n.

La fr:!cti.fic"ci.6n d,. l~. S"-!ldi.~ difi_,.,.-~ d"' 1~. d"'l m"'l6n "'n

qu'< ,.n l=o prim"r" l<:>"' fr~•.to• C~\.OU=>n ncrm=-lm,.nt"' "'n !~ . ..- f!<:>r.,,.

7

"'<"~ r<>g<>.di<J ""' prac<:..!.ca un= p<>d ... "'·~" int..-nlii' .• Cu;,.ndo !e

pl.,n-tit~. ti.,,-,,. cinco P.,.,.;.,. hojit"" '"" d"'!<P<.tnt;.. <:'<>J=nd<> ,.Q.l<:

8

•-•.tili:::;..rlo.

,..,..,_li::arl¡r.

(In,.t:it"'t"' N ... .:i=<'.l dO> !nV!>.,':.i<;¡a<::icm"'"- Ag.-1,:'>1""' <:!e Sno=ñ;:.

197!:0).

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(1979) , ... f'l ... l i!. l il.

ten::era. prim!i.'r.,,., hoj ;,;¡¡ ss>mini!'.lo.>!!,

metro y m~io.

51

ds>><~.rroll"'n muchos

inf!•..lJ"''

" '

¡>el ini:.: i!'.<:i ón

Howtm~.n

m~.nl.li!.l

(1979)

\1942) indit::"'n

pl !'.n t;>.

rv.:,j ?.!!

qu.s "'"'

"J'rutos

poda nc

mi.smo!i

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., " " '" " " " " ,, -' ,, ., , .. '" ,, " ' " ,, ~ ' "' o " -" " ' " '" " ,;. o , .. " • ., JI , .. " " " ,,

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5 " " !~ :~ '" . .. " " " u • ·• ' " " " " " ~ " ,_ ,, ' " " " " " " " , .. " " " ,_ " " .. il " " " ,, o

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,. ,,

fr1.!t<:>s.

" '

(199.1)

~1.-.nte,

(1.98'2)

COffili"rC.i. !e.l '"'

l "·

m~.xim!:lli

C!:>n ..-1

15

l.-. dsmsid~d

(1987)

Tian ~ '"'! (1983) "'"::<Y.!t..- ... r~n q!..!.,. 1~,. rendim.!..,.ntc"' "'"

o:'-':::é!,.-bit"" no .,.i<•mp,...., ,.,!..!m<>n't"n ?.l incn•«<,.nta..- ~' n0.~,..., <l<>

C!..!i'-l,

B. fECHAS Y PER!DDOS

El e~:¡ .. r.'..m,.nt~ ~~ 11,.'!~ " ""'b<> '"'~ d..'..<:i<>mbn> de !.992 e

abri! >;i,. .!.99~. E! 20 d._. di-::i .. m!::.r,. "'"' hi:~:~ !a .,i,.mbr" '"'f'l

1 ~. Zon~.

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'. fruto, no in1l:..~yó "'n _,

'!I II • P.ESUME."!

Sl presentl! tr;,.b?.J<> si! rl'?.lizó = "l inv.,rnP.dero E, d., lo,

Zona""" del D2p~.rt~.men<;;-;, de Hortü:\.\!t~.~,-., d2 !;, E:!!<:'..!eli"o ~,.-¿;:;<>!?.

P.-.n;,.m.,ri<:?.nil.. '"

del n~\<!o ;:;in<:':! y 50 cm entre pl?.nt:s; S, dej.-.ndo "'l ... ~ptim'='

n'..!do ;:;on wn tn1to por p!:nt?. }' 2~ ;:;m ,en<;;re pl.,nt!'."'; b., dej?.ndo

4!.

p\.l!p?..

25 "'"' ,.,-,t,-,.

~-~P'~"A, S.,J. i9E!o. Melcn": ph:-.,:ic!cy a.'"l<l cultun•. M:ini.,'!:r;.' Qf

~ri<;:•..!lture ii'.n<l F:is.h<>rie". \<!el!in;:b:m, N.Z • .!'! 28

::>. ~6.

sp;,.cing i!.nd 1nüt pnmirv;¡ en th..- fr~!it Qf P.M.R.

'37:299-302.

~IY.AP.T, LM. AI'ID S.R. KOSTE~!C:L 1987. RcH i!.rrii'.nt;,.ment,

rni!.n~.g"'m~nt. Hort Sc:i. 22(5)•10:50.

1979

!-!!!!!!AP.!', !L~L 1940. Fruit "th:inning of ,.,,.-~;;.,.,-.,.,l<:m. Proc. ~rt.

Sci. 37:92:5-826.

43

1978. E!

JAWDRSY.I, C.A. ~E R.E. WEEP. 1~~7. Pr~limin~ry t~Et in the

performi>.n<:'? of clipp'?d tom,.to tn•nspl;¡;nts. Proc.

Am9r. Soc. ~rt. Sci. 29:5~)-555.

ffi5'thod- fe,-tili:>:er ,-,.te ?.nd within

melonE. P,-oc. Fli>.. St~te. ~rt_ Soc. ~4:190-182.

l'lcCLL'ffi, C.A .• T. J Ng, R.M. Hd!RDI...E: P.ND J_ F!QLL\_ 198"9. Pl;o:nt

i>.nd Abst,-i>.cts. ~.92.

!:.EL. 1967. horticultura

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ANEXO !.. ANALlSIS DE SUELO.

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DATOS 9!E<L!OGRAF!CDS DEL AUTOR

NOMBRE: TUL!O CAM:"CHD COLOMA

FECHA DE NACIMIENTO: 2 DE l1AP.10 DE !<;'71.

EDUCAC!O~I:

PRIMARIA: ESC!..!E!.....<> ADOLFO MARIA P,ST!..!D!LLO

SEC!..!t<!DP.P.!A: COLEGIQ L!C!;:Q N.A\.1P.L

T!T!...JLO O!HENIDO: BACHILLER EN CIENCIAS Y LETR"'S

S!..!PEP.IOP.: ESC!..'ELA AGP.!CQLA PANAMERICANA

T!T!JLO QE'TEN!DO: AGRONOMO (D!C!EI1E'PE DE 1.'i''i'1.) INGEI'!!E.":O AERO!'l'JMQ (MAYO DE !?'?~)

Eet:e. teei~ fu" P"'"pare.d.a bajo la direcci~n del Cáneejerc Principal de-l Comité. de profeeoree que ,....,..,oró al candidato y ha e ido aprobada por todo"' loe miembr<:>e dio!l m.iemo. Fue gcmetida :e. ccrndde-raci6n del J .. f:e y del Coordin><rlcr del Depa...--tamento. Decano ~' Director de l!l.. &.cuela. /'.rícola Panamericana }' fue pre<ee:ntada co= re<;¡nieitc previo a la obtención del Titulo de I~eniero A¡:rónrnno.

Odilc D>..:arte. M. Se. Co=ejero.

__ ¿2:_~49------Leith /'~dre~, ~- D. Director.

----:;2~-~-=-~-----Marlo Contrerae, Ph. D.

"";:__,¡__/ r-'f.u~H~;:tea Ph. D.

Jefe del Dep amento de Horticul t .1 _

.~ ~ ------~ --------·c-o-~-

Odilc l)u:<i-t·e~ .. Se. Coordinador del Depart.:<mento de Horticultura.