Dorothy Jonhson

7/29/2019 Dorothy Jonhson

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IntroductionSeptember 9, 2013 in Savannah, Georgia.

B. S. N. from Vanderbilt University in Nashville,

Tennessee, in 1942; and her M.P.H. from Harvard

University in Boston in 1948.From 1949 till retirement in 1978 she was an

assistant professor of pediatric nursing, an associate

professor of nursing, and a professor of nursing at the

University of California in Los Angeles.

Johnson stressed the importance of research-based

knowledge about the effect of nursing care on clients.


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Behavior system model

Dorothy first proposed her model of nursing care in 1968

as fostering ofthe efficient and effective behavioral

functioning in the patient to prevent illness".

She also stated that nursing was concerned with man as

an integrated whole and this is the specific knowledge of

order we require.

In 1980 Johnson published her conceptualization of

behavioral system of model for nursingwhere she

explains her definitions of the behavioral system model.


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Definition of nursing

She defined nursing as an external regulatory force which acts to

preserve the organization and integration of the patientsbehaviors at an optimum level under those conditions in which the

behaviors constitutes a threat to the physical or social health, or in

which illness is found


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Four goals of nursing are to assist the patient:

+ Whose behavior commensurate with social demands.

+ Who is able to modify his behavior in ways that itsupports biological imperatives

+ Who is able to benefit to the fullest extent during

illness from the physicians knowledge and skill.

+ Whose behavior does not give evidence of

unnecessary trauma as a consequence of illness


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Assumptions

There are several layers of assumptions that Johnson

makes in the development of conceptualization of the

behavioral system model viz.

Assumptions about system

Assumptions about structure

Assumptions about functions


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Assumptions about system

There are 4 assumptions of system:First, there is organization, interaction, interdependency and

integration of the parts and elements of behaviors that go to make

up the system

A system tends to achieve a balance among the various forces

operating within and upon it', and that man strive continually to

maintain a behavioral system balance and steady state by more or

less automatic adjustments and adaptations to the natural forces

impinging upon him.


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A behavioral system, which both requires and

results in some degree of regularity and

constancy in behavior, is essential to man that

is to say, it is functionally significant in that it

serves a useful purpose, both in social life andfor the individual.

Last, system balance reflects adjustmentsand adaptations that are successful in some

way and to some degree..


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Assumptions about structure and function of each

subsystem

from the form the behavior takes and the

consequences it achieves can be inferred what drive

has been stimulated or what goal is being sought

Each individual has a predisposition to act with

reference to the goal, in certain ways rather than theother ways. This predisposition is called as set.


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Each subsystem has a repertoire of choices or

scope of action

The fourth assumption is that it produce

observable outcome that is the individuals

behavior.


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Each subsystem has three functional requirements

1. System must be protected" from noxious influences

with which system cannot cope.

2. Each subsystem must be nurtured through theinput of appropriate supplies from the environment.


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3. Each subsystem must be stimulated for

use to enhance growth and prevent stagnation.

--These behaviors are orderly, purposeful and

predictable and sufficiently stable and

recurrent to be amenable to description and

explanation


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Eliminative subsystem: human cultures have defined

different socially acceptable behaviors for excretion of waste,but the existence of such a pattern remains different from

culture to Culture.

Sexual subsystem:" both biological and social factor affect thebehavior in the sexual subsystem

Aggressive subsystem: " it relates to the behaviors concerned

with protection and self preservation Johnson views

aggressive subsystem as one that generates defensive

response from the individual when life or territory is being

threatened


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Achievement subsystem: " provokes behavior that attempt

to control the environment intellectual, physical, creative,mechanical and social skills achievement are some of the

areas that Johnson recognizes".


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The four major concepts

Human being as having two major systems, the

biological system and the behavioral system. It is roleof the medicine to focus on biological system where as

Nursling's focus is the behavioral system.


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Nursing has a primary goal that is to foster

equilibrium within the individual. Nursing is

concerned with the organized and integrated whole,

but that the major focus is on maintaining a balancein the Behavior system when illness occurs in an

individual.


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Health is a purposeful adaptive response,

physically mentally, emotionally, and socially

to internal and external stimuli in order tomaintain stability and comfort.

Dorothy Jonhson

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