dMNaMaeQIhUbEpø beRgoneday elakRKU XYn eGog …
Transcript of dMNaMaeQIhUbEpø beRgoneday elakRKU XYn eGog …
saklviTüal½yPUminÞksikmµ
mhaviTüal½yviTüasaRsþksikmµ
muxviC¢a dMNaMaeQIhUbEpø
beRgoneday
elakRKU XYn eGog
sikSaelIdMNaM»Lwk
nisiSteQµaH Xin rdæa
qñaMsikSa 2012-2013
matikar
TMB½r
esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >1
CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2
1-1 RbvtþidMNaM«Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2
1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2
1-3 sßanPaB»LwkenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2
1-4 GtßRbeyaCéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>3
CMBUkTI2 lkçNHrUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3
2-1 cMNat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4
2-2 srIragÁlUtlas;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4
k-edIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>4
x- søwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >5
K- rws>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5
X- páa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 6
g- Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6
c- RKab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6
CMBUkTI3 lkçNHVIvsaRsþéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7
3-1 vKÁduHBnøk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7
3-2 vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7
3-3 vKÁbnþBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>7
3-3-1 tMrUvkarGakasFatu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8
k- BnøÅ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >8
x- sItuNðPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8
K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8
X-lkçNHdI nigsaFatuciB¢awm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>8
CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9
4-1 karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9
- kareRCiserIskEnøgdMa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9
- karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >9
- karCIkreNþA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9
4-2 kardaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
- kareRCIserIsBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
- sMParHsMrab;daM nigbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
- rebobbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>10
- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 10
4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>11
- kareRsacTwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 1
- kareFIVesAµ nig RCMKl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>12
- kardkrMlYskUn nig RKb;Kl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13
- karkat;Tg nig Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13
- kardak;CIbMb:n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 4
- karkMcat;stVl¥it CMgW nigviFankarkMcat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14
4-4 karRbmUlpl nigTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15
- eBlevlaRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15
- lkçNHsMKal;»LwkTMu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15
- rebobebH»LwkTMu nig rebobTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>15
Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16
esckþIepIþm
»LwkCadMNaMmYyRbePT EdlksikrdaMedIm,IeRbIR)as;[Gs;lT§PaB nigGacTTYl)annUv
R)ak;kMérxøH² EdlGaceFIV[CIvPaBFUrRsal nigBMueFIV[ksikrenATMenr bnÞab;BIeFIVERscMkar.
bc©úb,nñenH enAkñúgRbeTskmçúCaeyIg ksikrPaKeRcInEdldaMdMNaM»LwkKW Kat;BMu)an
eRCIsnUvBUCEdll¥sMrab;daMduHeLIy. BUCPaKeRcInEdlksikrdaMKW naMmkBIRbeTseRkAdUcCa
BUCGIuRbIt ehIyRbsinebIksikreyIgTukBUCEdlKat;daMqñaMmunenaH sMrab;eFIVBUCeTAqñaMeRkayKWva
nigeFIV[man plb:HBal;dl; Tnñipl nigTIpSar.
RbeTskm<úCaeyIgKµankmµviFICMerIBUC»Lwk sMrab;eFIVkarENnaMCUndl; ksikrCaehtueFIV[ksikr
Kat;daMduHBUCminsuT§.
BUC KWCaktþasMxan;EdlTak;TgeTAnig lkçx½NÐGakasFatu CMgW stVl¥it Gayukal nigTnñi
pl.RbsinebIeyIgman BUCsuT§EdlFn;RTaMeTAnig GakasFatu CMg WstVl¥it ehIymanGayukal
xøI nigTTYl)anTnñiplx<s;sMrab; eFIVkarENnaMdl;ksikrGacTTYl )annUvR)ak;cMenjkñúgkargar
plitkmµKat;.
-1-
CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk
1-1 RbvtþidMNaM»Lwk
eyagtambuerRbvtþi Decondolle 1882 )an[dwgfadaMNaM»LwkmanRbPBkMenItenAtMbn;
ekaHxSac;PaKxagt,ÚgTVIbGaRhIkehAfa Kalaharia. karbriePaK»LwkmantaMgBI 4000 qñaMmun
enAsm½yeGsIiub. dMNaM»LwkRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal; y:agTUlMTUlaykñúgtMbn;ekþAenAelIBiPBelak
CaBiessenAtamtMbn;RtUBikenATVIbGaRBik.bnÞab;mksayPayenAcin Cb:un nigGasIuGaeKñy_.
1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak
BiPBelakeyIgbc©úb,nñenH kardaMduH)anmankMenInrhUt;dl;eTACag 2lanhiktaehIyTnñi
plsrubkñúgmYyqñaM²Rbman 30lanetankñúgenaHTVIbGasIumanCag 50PaKryénplitplBiPB
elak.
RbeTsCaeRcInenAGasIukMBugdaMdMNaM»Lwk mandYcCa RbeTscin \NÐa éf Cb:un étva:n;
kUer:xagt,Úg nigm:aelsIu.ehIyenAmanmYyEb:keTot enA GIur:g TUKI shrdæGaemrik eRbsIus eG
sIub nigmiucsIuckU.
1-3 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkenAkm<úCa
»LwkCadMNaMbnÞab;bnSMrbs;ExµreyIg Edl)andaMduHCayYrNas;mkehIy.»Lwkman
RbeyaCn_ sMrab;BisarRss;² dYcCabEnø rWsMrab;ykRKab; ehIyEpøragmUlFM TMgn;ERbRbYlRbEhl
4 eTA 5Kk GaRs½yeTAtamBUCehIy»LwkmanBN’ébtg rWébtgEkvx©I rlIgKµanRTnug sac;Rk
hmRkas;.
-2-
1-4 GtßRbeyaCn_éndMNaM»Lwk
mandMNaMhUbépøeRcInRbePTEdlRtUvsßtikñúgRkum bEnøpg nig CadMNaMhUbEpøpg dYcCa
dMNa»LwkCaedIm vaRtUv)aneKbriePaKEpøx©I²kñúgtMbn;RbeTsRkIRkmYycMnYn EdlminsMbUrbEnør
b:uEnþedayELkRbeTsPaKeRcIn eKEtgEtbriePaKEpøTMuCabEg¥m ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBesÞIrEt
eBjBiPBelak.
»LwkPaKeRcInenAkm<úCaeKdaMsMrab;briePaKRss;² nigeFIVCabEnø rWdMasMrab;ykRKab;.
-3-
CMBUkTI2 lkçN³rUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk
2-1 cMNaat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk
RkumGñkekSRtviTU)anrab;bB©ÚaldMNaM»LwkenAkñúgRKYsar Cucurbitacea lMdab; Cucurbit
EdlmaneQµaHviTüasaRsþCitrullus Lanatus nig manRkUm:UsUm2n=22.
2-2 sirIragÁlUtlas;
k-edIm
edIm»LwktUcqµarmanragRCug nigqñÚttambeNþayedIm.edIm manbeNþay 1 5 eTA 5
Em:RtehIyGacbt;Ebn)an nigmaneramBN_s.
x- søwk
»LwkmansøwkeTal søwkqøas;Kña søwksMEb:tesþIgmanrUbsNßaneRcInRbePT ragEqk rag
RTEvg man RTnugecjmkeRkA TMhMsøwk 5 20 s m søwkkgðareRCA 3 5 EqkEdlEqkenaHman
ragdYcs‘utRTEvgmanRTnugecjmkeRkA søwksßittMerobdYceFµj ehIyEqkmYyFMenAcMkNþal.
TgsøwkmanRbEvg 2 14 s m EdmanRbEvg 2 4 s m.
K- rws
rws»LwkmanBIrRbePTKW rwsEkv nigrwsEsJrehIyvacak;cUlkñúgdImanCMrARbmaN 50
60 s m.
X- páa
»LwkmanpáajI nigpáaeQµaldac;edayELkBIKña. páaeQµaleRcInrIkmunpáajI ehIykar
bgárkMeNIteRcIneFIVenAeBlRBwkema:g 7 dl;ema:g 11.
»LwkmanpáaeQµal rWÉkePT páaecjBIKl;søwk ehIyenAelITgpáamaneramEvg²manBN_elOg
RbElt manGgát;p©it 2 3 s m.
-4-
CaFmµtavdþCIvitrbs;va man6eksseQµalRtYvnig1ekssjIpáa»LwkmanRtbk 5 nig
RsTab; 5 páaeQµalmanfg;lMGg 3 enATgeksseQµalxøIpàajIenAxageRkammanragdYcs‘ut
GUEvmaneram nigbMBg;lMGgxøImYybB©ab;edaysÞicm:a 3 TekdmenAkñúgpáajI.
g- Epø
Epø»LwkmanRbePTxus²KñaeTAtamBUCdYcCa ragmUl ragRTEvg nigragBgRkeBI RbEvg
60 70 s m nigmanTMgn; 1 5 eTA 3 KILÚRkam.ÉsMbkERbRbYleTAtamRbePTBYCEdr KWsMbk
relag rWmaneramesþIgeTARkas; RsYyeTAsVit nigTn;. »LwkmansMbkBN_ébtg BN_Bgman; nig
BN_elOg BN_ébtgx©I nigBN_ébtgcas; cMeBaHBN_TaMgGs;enHGacmanBN_dYcKñaTaMgGs; BN_
cMruHrWBN_qñÚt. sac;latsnßwgsMbk ehIysac;PaKeRcIn BN_Rkhm nigBN_elOg b:uEnþ k¾manBN_
páaQUk BN_TwkRkUc nigBN_spgEdr.vaynPaBsac;manRKab; sac;eRKIm sac;m:t; nig sés.
c- RKab;
»LwkmanRKab;BaseBjsac; nigmanRbmaNBI 250 900 RKab;kñúgmYyEpø.RKab;man
sNßanrelag ragsMEb:t manbeNþayBI 6 15 m m TTwg 5 7 m m.RKab;»LwkmanBN_xus²Kña
GaEs½yeTAtamBUC dUcCa BN_exµA BN_etñat BN_elOg ehIykMrmanBN_sNas;minEtb:ueNñaH
RKab;»LwkKµanGg;dUEsþmeT.
-5-
CMBUkTI3 lkçN³CIvsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk
3-1 karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM»Lwk
k- vKÁduHBnøk
RKab;»LwkGac;rkSaTuk)anry³eBl 8qñaMy:agyUenAeRkamsItuNðPaB 18GgSar.»Lwk
mandMNuHeGBICIl ehIyvarIkkUTIeldUnenAry³eBl 3éf¶eRkaysab nigelcecjsøwkdMbUgenA
ry³eBl 1 s)aþh_eRkay bnÞab;mkk_ecjsøwkTI 2 nigTI3 EtvaBMusUvEqkeRCAb:unµaneT.
x- vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk
søwk»LwkduHecjbnþbnÞab;tamRbB½n§qøas; ehIyedImemBnøÚtedImkan;EtxøaMg cenøaHfñaMg
kan;EtEvg rIÉedImemenHduHlUtlas;)an 3 4 fñaMgeTIbEbkEmk.
K- vKábnþBUC
vKÁbnþBUCKWCadMNak;kalmYyEdl dMNaMTamTarnUvlkçxNÐmYyd_RbesIrdYcCa sMeNImdI
sMeNImbriyakas nigsItuNðPaB.páaeQµalecjdMbUgenAfñaMTI 10 15 ehIypáajIecjenAfñaMgTI
7enAeBleRkay.páajIdMbUgEtgEtmankar GPivDÆn_GUEvexSay ehIybegáIt)anCaEpø.páaGacecj
rhUtdl; 50 80 éf¶bnÞab;BIdMNuH.páa»LwkrIkbnÞab;BIRBHGaTitürH nigbnþrIkrhUteBjmYyéf¶.
kenSameksjI nigeksseQµalEdlmanenA elIfñaMg TI 2 nigTI3 eRkayeBlpáarIkenAéf¶dEdl.
kareraylMGgbNþalmkBIstVl¥itPaKeRcInKW stVXµúM. enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 24 em:ag bnÞab;BIkar
eraylMGg TgpáaeLIgEvg nigekagBIelIcuHCamYy nigGUEveLIge)a:g.karRbmUlplEpøKWcab;BI
30 50 éf¶bnÞab;BIkareraylMGg.
3-2 tMrUkarGakasFatu
k- BnøW
BnøW mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;sMrab;FmµCati »LwkRtUvkarBnøWéf¶efr. BnøWéf¶nigGakasFatuCa
lkçN³l¥sMrab;karduHlUtlas; nigkarbegáInEpø.
-7-
x- sItuNðPaB
»LwkCadMNaMEdlRtUvkarsItuNðPaBekþAlµmKW enAeBléf¶ 20 30 GgSares nigsItuNð
PaBFMenAeBlyb;KW 18 GgSares.
K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas
cMeBaHdMNaM»Lwk ebIkMBs;TwkePøogx<s;enaH bNþal[man\T§iBleTAelIedImEdlbNþal
[edImrlYyedayCaMTwk nigEpøEbkedaysarbrimaNTwkkñúgEpøeRcIn. »LwkmanrwseRCA nigFn;kar
raMgs¶Ütlµmb:uEnþ ebImanTwkRKb;RKan;munrdUv eFIV[karlUtlas; nigTnñiplEpøkan;EtRbesIreLIg.
eBlevlasMxan;kñúgkarkMNt;TnñiplKW enAeBlpáaelceLIgdMbUgdUecñHsMeNImRKb;RKan;KW sMxan;enA
eBlpáadMbUg.»LwkRtUvkarsMenImCMerABI 61 91 5 s m. kareRsacRsBKW RtUvp¥akenAeBlEpø
CitmanTMhMeBjeljBIeRBaHvaGaceFIV[»LwkBnüaeBlTMukñúgkarRbmUlpl nigbNþal[EpøEbk
RBmTaMgvakat;bnßyCatiEp¥menAkñúgsac;.
X- lkçN³dI nigsarFatuciB©Iam
dMNaM»LwkRtUvkardIEdlman karbeB©ajbB©ÚalTwk dYcCadIxSac;EdlmanCICatil¥ nigman
sarFatusrIragÁx<s;. dIEdll¥sMrab;dMadMNaM»LwkKW man pH 6-7 b:uEnþebIpH TabenaHbNþal[
manCMgW.dMNaM»LwkRtUvkarsarFatuciB©iamTaMg m:aRkUsarFatuciB©wam nigmIRkUsarFatuciB©wam.
m:aRkUsarFatuciB©wamman GasUt pUsV½r b:UtasüÚm kal;süÚm m:aej:süÚm nig mIRkUsarFatu
ciB©wam man TgEdg nig s½gásI b:uEnþcMeBaHkMritRtUvkarrbs;dMNaM»LwkenAelIsarFatuciB©wamTaMgGs;
manPaBxus²Kña.
-8-
CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk
4-1 karerobcMdI
karerobcMdI)anRtwmRtUveFIV[eyIgTTYl)anpleRcIn.
- kareRCIserIskEnøgdaM
CaTUeTAdMNaM»LwkGacdaM)anRKb;rdUv nigRKb;tMbn;. eyIgGacdaMenAcMkar rWvalERs
eRkayBIRbmUlplRsUvehIy. ehIycMeBaHrdUvR)aMgRtUveRCIserIsTIkEnøgdaMenACitRbPBTwk
TIvalKµanmøb;. cMEnkvdUvvsSa RtUvdaMenAtMbn;enAdIx<s; minlicTwk eRBaH»LwkCadMNaMEdlmin
Fn;nigPaBCaMTwkeT.daMKYrdaMenAEx]sPa.
enAvdUvR)aMg ebIkEnøgdaMenAq¶ayBIRbPBTwk KUrdaMenAExviciäka FñÚ rW mkra eRBaHry³eBl
enH sMeNImEdlenAmankñúgdIGackat;bnßykareRsacTwk)an.
- kareRCIserIsBUC
cMeBaHBUCKW eKGacrkSaTukedayxøÜnÉgk_)an edayeFIVkareRCIsykBUCNaEdlTMul¥ FM
mUl TMgn;F¶n;cab;BI 2eTA5 K>k ehIyenACitKl; sMbkBN_ébtg rlIgKµanRTnugsac;hab; BN_
Rkhm.edayeyIgRKan;EtlagykRKab;haléf¶ mankMedalµmry³eBl 3éf¶ rYcRckdbcukRKb;
[Cit.BUC»LwkEdleKniymdaMKWeQµaH )ab‘Í EdlmansMbkBN_ébtgcas; Gayu 55éf¶.rIÉ BUC
»LwkGIutalIvij manGayu 65éf¶.ehIy»LwkTaMgBIRbePTenHmanlk;enAelITIpSar.
- karerobcMdI
eKalbMNgénkarP¢ÜrdIKWedIm,IsMGatesµA eFVI[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUl TwkRCabkñúgdI)an
l¥ CYydl;karlUtlas;rbs;rws nigedIm»Lwk.karP¢ÜrdIeFVIeLIgcMnYn2eTA3dg tamsßanPaBdI.
karP¢ÜrelIkTI1 P¢Ürdas;dI nigsMGatesµA[s¥atrYchalecal1s)þah_.
-9-
kñúgkarP¢ÜrelIkTI1enH KYrP¢ÜelibrukçCatiRss; dUcCaedImsøwksENþk EmknigsøwkGgáaj;
edIm nigsøwkTRnÞagExRt søwkGgÁardI>>>>>>>kb;cUlkñúgdI edIm,I[rlYykøayCaCI.
karP¢ÜrelIkTI2 bnÞab;BIrP¢ÜrelIkTI1 1-2s)þah_eyIg)acCIkMb:usþ rWlamkstV rYcP¢ÜrelIkTI2edIm,I
lubCI.eRkayBIP©ÜrTaMgBIelIkrYcehIy ras;bMEbk nigekordI[esµI.
P¢Ürras;eFVIy:agNa[dImanlkçN³FM²bnþic edIm,IkMu[dIqab;hab; enAeblmanePøog rWeRsacTwk.
- karCIkreNþA
CIkreNþA[FMlµmEdlGacdak;CIenAkñúgreNþA)an.
CIkreNþATMhM30KuN40 s>m nigCMerA 15-20 s>m.TukcenøaHBIreNþAmYyeTAreNþAmYy 1>5m
eTA2m GaRs½yeTAtamBUC»Lwk.
dak;CIkMb:usenAkñúgreNþAnImYy² mun nigykkUnrWRKab;»LwkeTAdaM.eRkABIykeTAeFVICIRTab;)at
eyIgGaceRbICIkMb:ussMrab;bMb:nenAeBlkUn»LwkduH.
4-2 kardaMdMNaM»Lwk
kardaM»LwkEtUvkareRtomlkçNTukCamunedIm,I[)anpll¥.
sMPar³sMrab;bNþúH nigdaM mandUcCa
- søwkeck nigknøas;
- RkNat; nigcanEdk
- cbkab; Eb:l cbcUk
- CIkMb:usþ nigdI
- FugTwkpáaQUk
- RKab;BUC
- bgÁI
- kMTiccMebIug nigExSEm:Rt.
- rebobbNþúH
-10-
1RtUveRCIserIsRKab;BUCNaEdlrkSaTuk)anyUrl¥ KµanCMgW nigKµankarbMpajBIstVl¥it.
ykRKab;eTAhaléf¶cMnYn 2em:ag bnÞab;mkykeTARtaMTwkekþA]Nð²cMnYn4em:ag.
2 rYcRsg;RKab;ykmkx©b;nigRkNat; ehIyykeTAkb;kñúdIesIm [)an1éf¶1yb; edIm,I
[RKab;duHbnøk.
3 eFIVkenÞagsøwkeckedIm,IbNþúHkUn.
4 laydICamYyCIkMb:usþBukpuy[esµIPaKKña rYcykmkdak;kñúgkenÞag ehIydak;kMu[eBjdl;
mat;kenÞageBk edIm,IeRtomdak;RKab;BUC.
5 ykRKab;Edl)anbNþúHrYceTAkb;daMkñúgkenÞagsøwkeck edaydak;1-2RKab;kñúg1kenÞag.
6 eRkayBIkb;RKab;daMkñúgkenÞagehIy RtUvykdIrWkMTiccMebIugmkRKbBIelI[eBj.eRsacTwk
[eTogTat;ral;RBwk nigl¶acry³ebl3éf¶.éf¶bnÞab;²eRsacEtmþg)anehIy.
eKGacykRKab;BUCEdlduHBnøkeTAdaMkñúgreNþAEtmþg edaykñúgmYyreNþAkb;RKab;daMcMnYn2-
3RKab; nigkb;kñúgCMerA 2-4 sm.
- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar
eyIgGacykkUn»LwkeTAdaMkñúgcMkareRkayeBlvaduH)an 3-4 snøwk.
1 eRCIserIskUn»LwkNaEdleføasl¥ nigKµankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it.
2 CB¢ÚankUneTAdaMkñúgcMkar. bkkenÞag rYckb;kUn»LwkdaM edaydak; 1-2edIm kñúg1reNþA.
3 eRkayBIdaMRKab; rWkUnehIy RtUveRsacTwk[eCakrYcykkMTiccMebIugmkRKbKl;va edIm,ITuk
[dIenAesIm)anyUr.
kardak;RKab; rWkUneRcIneBkkñúg1reNþA eFIV[kUn»LwkduHRbECgKña bNþal[edImtUc minFn;
eTAnigkMlaMgxül;bk;.
kñúgcMkarRtUvdaMdMNaMepsgeTot dUcCa eBat sENþk>>>>>edIm,ITak;TajstVl¥itEdlCYynaM
lMGgeFVI[»LwkecjpáaEpø. mü:ageTot dMNaMTamenHCYy[»Lwkvaretag Tb;Tl; nigkMlaMg
xül;bk;.
-11-
4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl
edIm,daM»Lwk[)anpll¥RtUvmankarEfTaMdYcCa kareRsacTwk dak;CI CMrHesµA BUnKl; nig
mankarkat;ExñgRtYy nigEpøecjxøH.
- kareRsacTwk
TwkmansarsMxan;sMrab;karlUtlas; nigkarecjEpørbs;»Lwk.enArdUvR)aMgeRsac Twk[
esIm lµmral;RBwk nigl¶ac.enArdUvvsSa RtUvCIkcg¥ÚrbgðÚrTwkecjxøH edIm,IkMu[dk ;TwkenA kñúg
cMkarEdlnaM[ekItCMgWpSit bNþal[rlYyKl;.
kMueRsacTwkeRcIn enAebl»LwkkMBuglUtlas;xøaMg nigecjEpøpáa eRBaHGaceFIV[Epø»LwkRbH
Ebk ehIyedImGacRbHecjC½r.
- kareFIVesAµ nigRCMKl;
kareFVIesµA nigRCMKl;[)an 2-3dg cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;RbmUlpl.elIkTI1 mYys)þah_
eRkayBIdaM. elIkTI2 mYys)þah_eRkayBIkareFIVesµAelIkTI1 nigelIkTI3 eRkayBIecjkþwbEpø.
kMuRCYy rWBUnKl;enAeBl»LwkEbkExñgeRcIn eRBaHvaGacb:HBal;dl;RtYyEdlkMBuglUtlas;.
- kardkrMelaHkUn nigRKbKl;
karTukkUn»Lwk[duHeRcInkñúg1reNþAeFIV[karlUtlas;minsUvl¥nigEpøtUc.
enAeBlRKab;duH RtUvdkrMelaHkUnecjxøH edayTukEtkUnEdleføas²l¥ 1-2edImkñú1reNþA.
RtUvRkalcMebIg kMe)oaks¶Üt rWGgáam RKbtamcenøaHrg nigKl;dMNaM.
- karkat;Tg nigEpø
karEfTaMedaykat;RtYy Tg nigEpøecjxøHeFIV[»LwkduHlUtlas;l¥ nigmanEpøFM.
edImEdllUtEvg RtUvkat;RtYyecalxøH CaBiess eBl»LwkmanGayu35éf¶ edaykñúg1edImTuk
Et2Exñg.EnAeBl»LwkecjEpø RtUvrkSaTukEpøEt1 kñúg1edIm KWTukEpøEdlenAEpñkkNþaledIm.
ebHEpøenAEk,rKl; nigenAxagcugecal.
-12-
karkat;RtYy Tg nigEpø KWkMu[edIm nigTglUtlas;l¥eBk edIm,I[CIeTAciB¢wamEpø nigExñgepSg
eTotEdleyIgcg;)an.
- kardak;CIbMb:n
- CIeKak sarFatupSM CIkMb:usþ rWlamkbkSI dak;enAeBlRCMKl; nigdak;enAq¶ayBIKl;dMNaM 30-
40 sm CaBiessdak;muneBl»Lwkecjpáa.
viFIeRbI
elIkTI1 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 10-15éf¶.
elIkTI2 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 20-25éf¶.
elIkTI3 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 30-40éf¶ eBl»Lwkecjpáa kþwb.
- CITwk RtIgab; Gac;Rbecov søwkTRnÞanExRt RtaMCamYyTwk TukknøHEx eTIbykeTAeRbI.
eRkABICIkMb:usþ eKGaceRbICIlamkbkSI edIm,I[Epø»LwkmanrsCatiEp¥m nigsac;BN_Rkhm.
eCosvagkaeeRbICIlamkstVRss; eRBaHenAeBlEdlCIcab;epþImbMEbksarFatuvabeB©ajkMedA
eFVI[b:HBal;dl;rws»Lwk.kardak;CIenAEk,rKl;GacbNþal[kUn»LwkrlYy.
- stVl¥it CMgW nig viFankarkMcat;
k>stVl¥it
- RTIb thripes
- éc Aphids
- ruyecaH Fruit fly
- xµÚtbMpøajRtsk; Cucumber beetles
- stVkEB©asIuel<ABN_Rkhm Red pumpkin beetles
dMNaM»LwkEtgEtTTYlrgnUvkarbMpøajBIstVl¥it TaMgenHNas;.edIm,IkMcat;stVl¥itTaMg
enaHeyIgRtUvkMcat;edayeRbIfñaM)aj;sMlab;.
-13-
x> CMgWbNþalmkBIpSit
- CMgWs¶Ütsøwk edIm nigrws
- CMgWdMe)A
karkMcat;KWRtUveRbIfñaMsMlab;CMgWpSitpSMBIsrIragÁ eRbIBUCFn;nigCMgW nigkMudaMdMNaMdEdl².
-14-
4-4 karRbmUlpl nig TukRKab;BUC
- lkçN³sMKal;Epø»LwkTMu
Epø»LwkEdlTMumanlkçN³sMKal;mYycMnYndUcCa
éd rWTgEdlCab;nigEpømanBN_elOg sVitrWgab;.eKaHEpøsþab;semøg nigRtecok lWsUrpøúg².
sMbkeLIgrelagmanBN_ébtgcas; layelOg.
- rebobebHEpø»LwkTMu
edIm,ITukEpø»Lwk[)anyUr eyIgRtUvecHrebobebH nig Tukdak;[)anRtwmRtUv.»LwkTuk)anl¥
GacrkS)an2s)þah_.
- rebobTukRKab;BUC
BUCEdlmankarsMrwtsMraMg)anl¥ eFIV[edIm»LwkduH)anl¥ nig[EpøeRcIn.RtUveRCIserIsEpø
EdlmansMbkesþIg EpøFMl¥ minmankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it nigCMgW.
1 rkSaEpøTMu[pusl¥Cab;nigedImenAkñúgcMkar
2 ebHEpEdlTMupusenaH rYcBuHykRKab;lagTwksMGat[s¥atl¥.
3 erIsykRKab;NaEdllicTwkmkhaléf¶ [)an 4-5éf¶ haléf¶RsTMu cenøaHem:ag 7eTA
11RBwk.
4 eRkayBIhaléf¶s¶Üt RckRKab;kñúgdbbiTCit edIm,ITukdaMenArdUveRkay.kñúgry³eBlrkSa
RKab;Tuk RtUv]sSah_Binitü nigcak;RKab;haléf¶edIm,IkMu[mancMgWpSit.
-15-
Éksareyag
- Em:n vNÑarI sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 1999-2003 CMnan;TI16
karsikSavaytMélBUC»LwkEdlmanlkçN³smRsb niglkçxNÐRbeTskm<úCakñúgRsukBaraM
extþéRBEvg.
- e):ag lagGUn sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 2000-2004 CMnan;TI17
salaeronERsksikrelIdMNaM»LwkenARsukrMdYl extþsVayerog.
- esovePAdMNaM»Lwkrbs;GgÁkar SIPARnig CEDAC.
-16-
matikar TMB½r
esckþIepþIm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >1
CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>2
1-1 RbvtþidMNaM«Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
1-3 sßanPaB»LwkenAkm<úCa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-4 GtßRbeyaCéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
CMBUkTI2 lkçNHrUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>3
2-1 cMNat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
2-2 srIragÁlUtlas;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
k-edIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
x- søwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
K- rws>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
X- páa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>
g- Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
c- RKab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>
CMBUkTI3 lkçNHVIvsaRsþéndMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>5
3-1 vKÁduHBnøk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
3-2 vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
3-3 vKÁbnþBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >
3-3-1 tMrUvkarGakasFatu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
k- BnøÅ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>
x- sItuNðPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
X-lkçNHdI nigsaFatuciB¢awm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
4-1 karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- kareRCiserIskEnøgdMa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- karerobcMdI>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- karCIkreNþA>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
4-2 kardaM»Lwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- kareRCIserIsBUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >
- sMParHsMrab;daM nigbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>
- rebobbNþúH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- kareRsacTwk>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- kareFIVesAµ nig RCMKl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>
- kardkrMlYskUn nig RKb;Kl;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- karkat;Tg nig Epø>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>
- kardak;CIbMb:n>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- karkMcat;stVl¥it CMgW nigviFankarkMcat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
4-4 karRbmUlpl nigTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>
- eBlevlaRbmUlpl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
- lkçNHsMKal;»LwkTMu>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>
- rebobebH»LwkTMu nig rebobTukRKab;BUC>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>16
esckþIepIþm
»LwkCadMNaMmYyRbePT EdlksikrdaMedIm,IeRbIR)as;[Gs;lT§PaB nigGacTTYl)annUv
R)ak;kMérxøH² EdlGaceFIV[CIvPaBFUrRsal nigBMueFIV[ksikrenATMenr bnÞab;BIeFIVERscMkar.
bc©úb,nñenH enAkñúgRbeTskmçúCaeyIg ksikrPaKeRcInEdldaMdMNaM»LwkKW Kat;BMu)an
eRCIsnUvBUCEdll¥sMrab;daMduHeLIy. BUCPaKeRcInEdlksikrdaMKW naMmkBIRbeTseRkAdUcCa
BUCGIuRbIt ehIyRbsinebIksikreyIgTukBUCEdlKat;daMqñaMmunenaH sMrab;eFIVBUCeTAqñaMeRkayKWva
nigeFIV[man plb:HBal;dl; Tnñipl nigTIpSar.
RbeTskm<úCaeyIgKµankmµviFICMerIBUC»Lwk sMrab;eFIVkarENnaMCUndl; ksikrCaehtueFIV[ksikr
Kat;daMduHBUCminsuT§.
BUC KWCaktþasMxan;EdlTak;TgeTAnig lkçx½NÐGakasFatu CMgW stVl¥it Gayukal nigTnñi
pl.RbsinebIeyIgman BUCsuT§EdlFn;RTaMeTAnig GakasFatu CMg WstVl¥it ehIymanGayukal
xøI nigTTYl)anTnñiplx<s;sMrab; eFIVkarENnaMdl;ksikrGacTTYl )annUvR)ak;cMenjkñúgkargar
plitkmµKat;.
CMBUkTI1 sßanPaBTUeTAéndMNaM»Lwk
1-1 RbvtþidMNaM»Lwk
eyagtambuerRbvtþi Decondolle 1882 )an[dwgfadaMNaM»LwkmanRbPBkMenItenAtMbn;
ekaHxSac;PaKxagt,ÚgTVIbGaRhIkehAfa Kalaharia. karbriePaK»LwkmantaMgBI 4000 qñaMmun
enAsm½yeGsIiub. dMNaM»LwkRtUv)aneKTTYlsÁal; y:agTUlMTUlaykñúgtMbn;ekþAenAelIBiPBelak
CaBiessenAtamtMbn;RtUBikenATVIbGaRBik.bnÞab;mksayPayenAcin Cb:un nigGasIuGaeKñy_.
1-2 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkelIBiPBelak
BiPBelakeyIgbc©úb,nñenH kardaMduH)anmankMenInrhUt;dl;eTACag 2lanhiktaehIyTnñi
plsrubkñúgmYyqñaM²Rbman 30lanetankñúgenaHTVIbGasIumanCag 50PaKryénplitplBiPB
elak.
RbeTsCaeRcInenAGasIukMBugdaMdMNaM»Lwk mandYcCa RbeTscin \NÐa éf Cb:un étva:n;
kUer:xagt,Úg nigm:aelsIu.ehIyenAmanmYyEb:keTot enA GIur:g TUKI shrdæGaemrik eRbsIus eG
sIub nigmiucsIuckU.
1-3 sßanPaBdMNaM»LwkenAkm<úCa
»LwkCadMNaMbnÞab;bnSMrbs;ExµreyIg Edl)andaMduHCayYrNas;mkehIy.»Lwkman
RbeyaCn_ sMrab;BisarRss;² dYcCabEnø rWsMrab;ykRKab; ehIyEpøragmUlFM TMgn;ERbRbYlRbEhl
4 eTA 5Kk GaRs½yeTAtamBUCehIy»LwkmanBN’ébtg rWébtgEkvx©I rlIgKµanRTnug sac;Rk
hmRkas;.
1-4 GtßRbeyaCn_éndMNaM»Lwk
mandMNaMhUbépøeRcInRbePTEdlRtUvsßtikñúgRkum bEnøpg nig CadMNaMhUbEpøpg dYcCa
dMNa»LwkCaedIm vaRtUv)aneKbriePaKEpøx©I²kñúgtMbn;RbeTsRkIRkmYycMnYn EdlminsMbUrbEnør
b:uEnþedayELkRbeTsPaKeRcIn eKEtgEtbriePaKEpøTMuCabEg¥m ehIymanRbCaRbiyPaBesÞIrEt
eBjBiPBelak.
»LwkPaKeRcInenAkm<úCaeKdaMsMrab;briePaKRss;² nigeFIVCabEnø rWdMasMrab;ykRKab;.
CMBUkTI2 lkçN³rUbsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk
2-1 cMNaat;fñak;dMNaM»Lwk
RkumGñkekSRtviTU)anrab;bB©ÚaldMNaM»LwkenAkñúgRKYsar Cucurbitacea lMdab; Cucurbit
EdlmaneQµaHviTüasaRsþCitrullus Lanatus nig manRkUm:UsUm2n=22.
2-2 sirIragÁlUtlas;
k-edIm
edIm»LwktUcqµarmanragRCug nigqñÚttambeNþayedIm.edIm manbeNþay 1 5 eTA 5
Em:RtehIyGacbt;Ebn)an nigmaneramBN_s.
x- søwk
»LwkmansøwkeTal søwkqøas;Kña søwksMEb:tesþIgmanrUbsNßaneRcInRbePT ragEqk rag
RTEvg man RTnugecjmkeRkA TMhMsøwk 5 20 s m søwkkgðareRCA 3 5 EqkEdlEqkenaHman
ragdYcs‘utRTEvgmanRTnugecjmkeRkA søwksßittMerobdYceFµj ehIyEqkmYyFMenAcMkNþal.
TgsøwkmanRbEvg 2 14 s m EdmanRbEvg 2 4 s m.
K- rws
rws»LwkmanBIrRbePTKW rwsEkv nigrwsEsJrehIyvacak;cUlkñúgdImanCMrARbmaN 50
60 s m.
X- páa
»LwkmanpáajI nigpáaeQµaldac;edayELkBIKña. páaeQµaleRcInrIkmunpáajI ehIykar
bgárkMeNIteRcIneFIVenAeBlRBwkema:g 7 dl;ema:g 11.
»LwkmanpáaeQµal rWÉkePT páaecjBIKl;søwk ehIyenAelITgpáamaneramEvg²manBN_elOg
RbElt manGgát;p©it 2 3 s m. CaFmµtavdþCIvitrbs;va man6eksseQµalRtYvnig1ekssjI
páa»LwkmanRtbk 5 nigRsTab; 5 páaeQµalmanfg;lMGg 3 enATgeksseQµalxøIpáajIenAxag
eRkammanragdYcs‘ut GUEvmaneram nigbMBg;lMGgxøImYybB©ab;edaysÞicm:a 3 TekdmenAkñúgpàajI.
g- Epø
Epø»LwkmanRbePTxus²KñaeTAtamBUCdYcCa ragmUl ragRTEvg nigragBgRkeBI RbEvg
60 70 s m nigmanTMgn; 1 5 eTA 3 KILÚRkam.ÉsMbkERbRbYleTAtamRbePTBYCEdr KWsMbk
relag rWmaneramesþIgeTARkas; RsYyeTAsVit nigTn;. »LwkmansMbkBN_ébtg BN_Bgman; nig
BN_elOg BN_ébtgx©I nigBN_ébtgcas; cMeBaHBN_TaMgGs;enHGacmanBN_dYcKñaTaMgGs; BN_
cMruHrWBN_qñÚt. sac;latsnßwgsMbk ehIysac;PaKeRcIn BN_Rkhm nigBN_elOg b:uEnþ k¾manBN_
páaQUk BN_TwkRkUc nigBN_spgEdr.vaynPaBsac;manRKab; sac;eRKIm sac;m:t; nig sés.
c- RKab;
»LwkmanRKab;BaseBjsac; nigmanRbmaNBI 250 900 RKab;kñúgmYyEpø.RKab;man
sNßanrelag ragsMEb:t manbeNþayBI 6 15 m m TTwg 5 7 m m.RKab;»LwkmanBN_xus²Kña
GaEs½yeTAtamBUC dUcCa BN_exµA BN_etñat BN_elOg ehIykMrmanBN_sNas;minEtb:ueNñaH
RKab;»LwkKµanGg;dUEsþmeT.
CMBUkTI3 lkçN³CIvsaRsþrbs;dMNaM»Lwk
3-1 karlUtlas;rbs;dMNaM»Lwk
k- vKÁduHBnøk
RKab;»LwkGac;rkSaTuk)anry³eBl 8qñaMy:agyUenAeRkamsItuNðPaB 18GgSar.»Lwk
mandMNuHeGBICIl ehIyvarIkkUTIeldUnenAry³eBl 3éf¶eRkaysab nigelcecjsøwkdMbUgenA
ry³eBl 1 s)aþh_eRkay bnÞab;mkk_ecjsøwkTI 2 nigTI3 EtvaBMusUvEqkeRCAb:unµaneT.
x- vKÁlUtlas;edIm nigsøwk
søwk»LwkduHecjbnþbnÞab;tamRbB½n§qøas; ehIyedImemBnøÚtedImkan;EtxøaMg cenøaHfñaMg
kan;EtEvg rIÉedImemenHduHlUtlas;)an 3 4 fñaMgeTIbEbkEmk.
K- vKábnþBUC
vKÁbnþBUCKWCadMNak;kalmYyEdl dMNaMTamTarnUvlkçxNÐmYyd_RbesIrdYcCa sMeNImdI
sMeNImbriyakas nigsItuNðPaB.páaeQµalecjdMbUgenAfñaMTI 10 15 ehIypáajIecjenAfñaMgTI
7enAeBleRkay.páajIdMbUgEtgEtmankar GPivDÆn_GUEvexSay ehIybegáIt)anCaEpø.páaGacecj
rhUtdl; 50 80 éf¶bnÞab;BIdMNuH.páa»LwkrIkbnÞab;BIRBHGaTitürH nigbnþrIkrhUteBjmYyéf¶.
kenSameksjI nigeksseQµalEdlmanenA elIfñaMg TI 2 nigTI3 eRkayeBlpáarIkenAéf¶dEdl.
kareraylMGgbNþalmkBIstVl¥itPaKeRcInKW stVXµúM. enAkñúgGMLúgeBl 24 em:ag bnÞab;BIkar
eraylMGg TgpáaeLIgEvg nigekagBIelIcuHCamYy nigGUEveLIge)a:g.karRbmUlplEpøKWcab;BI
30 50 éf¶bnÞab;BIkareraylMGg.
3-2 tMrUkarGakasFatu
k- BnøW
BnøW mantYnaTIy:agsMxan;sMrab;FmµCati »LwkRtUvkarBnøWéf¶efr. BnøWéf¶nigGakasFatuCa
lkçN³l¥sMrab;karduHlUtlas; nigkarbegáInEpø.
x- sItuNðPaB
»LwkCadMNaMEdlRtUvkarsItuNðPaBekþAlµmKW enAeBléf¶ 20 30 GgSares nigsItuNð
PaBFMenAeBlyb;KW 18 GgSares.
K- Twk nigsMenImbriyakas
cMeBaHdMNaM»Lwk ebIkMBs;TwkePøogx<s;enaH bNþal[man\T§iBleTAelIedImEdlbNþal
[edImrlYyedayCaMTwk nigEpøEbkedaysarbrimaNTwkkñúgEpøeRcIn. »LwkmanrwseRCA nigFn;kar
raMgs¶Ütlµmb:uEnþ ebImanTwkRKb;RKan;munrdUv eFIV[karlUtlas; nigTnñiplEpøkan;EtRbesIreLIg.
eBlevlasMxan;kñúgkarkMNt;TnñiplKW enAeBlpáaelceLIgdMbUgdUecñHsMeNImRKb;RKan;KW sMxan;enA
eBlpáadMbUg.»LwkRtUvkarsMenImCMerABI 61 91 5 s m. kareRsacRsBKW RtUvp¥akenAeBlEpø
CitmanTMhMeBjeljBIeRBaHvaGaceFIV[»LwkBnüaeBlTMukñúgkarRbmUlpl nigbNþal[EpøEbk
RBmTaMgvakat;bnßyCatiEp¥menAkñúgsac;.
X- lkçN³dI nigsarFatuciB©Iam
dMNaM»LwkRtUvkardIEdlman karbeB©ajbB©ÚalTwk dYcCadIxSac;EdlmanCICatil¥ nigman
sarFatusrIragÁx<s;. dIEdll¥sMrab;dMadMNaM»LwkKW man pH 6-7 b:uEnþebIpH TabenaHbNþal[
manCMgW.dMNaM»LwkRtUvkarsarFatuciB©iamTaMg m:aRkUsarFatuciB©wam nigmIRkUsarFatuciB©wam.
m:aRkUsarFatuciB©wamman GasUt pUsV½r b:UtasüÚm kal;süÚm m:aej:süÚm nig mIRkUsarFatu
ciB©wam man TgEdg nig s½gásI b:uEnþcMeBaHkMritRtUvkarrbs;dMNaM»LwkenAelIsarFatuciB©wamTaMgGs;
manPaBxus²Kña.
CMBUkTI4 bec©keTsdaMdMNaM»Lwk
4-1 karerobcMdI
karerobcMdI)anRtwmRtUveFIV[eyIgTTYl)anpleRcIn.
- kareRCIserIskEnøgdaM
CaTUeTAdMNaM»LwkGacdaM)anRKb;rdUv nigRKb;tMbn;. eyIgGacdaMenAcMkar rWvalERs
eRkayBIRbmUlplRsUvehIy. ehIycMeBaHrdUvR)aMgRtUveRCIserIsTIkEnøgdaMenACitRbPBTwk
TIvalKµanmøb;. cMEnkvdUvvsSa RtUvdaMenAtMbn;enAdIx<s; minlicTwk eRBaH»LwkCadMNaMEdlmin
Fn;nigPaBCaMTwkeT.daMKYrdaMenAEx]sPa.
enAvdUvR)aMg ebIkEnøgdaMenAq¶ayBIRbPBTwk KUrdaMenAExviciäka FñÚ rW mkra eRBaHry³eBl
enH sMeNImEdlenAmankñúgdIGackat;bnßykareRsacTwk)an.
- kareRCIserIsBUC
cMeBaHBUCKW eKGacrkSaTukedayxøÜnÉgk_)an edayeFIVkareRCIsykBUCNaEdlTMul¥ FM
mUl TMgn;F¶n;cab;BI 2eTA5 K>k ehIyenACitKl; sMbkBN_ébtg rlIgKµanRTnugsac;hab; BN_
Rkhm.edayeyIgRKan;EtlagykRKab;haléf¶ mankMedalµmry³eBl 3éf¶ rYcRckdbcukRKb;
[Cit.BUC»LwkEdleKniymdaMKWeQµaH )ab‘Í EdlmansMbkBN_ébtgcas; Gayu 55éf¶.rIÉ BUC
»LwkGIutalIvij manGayu 65éf¶.ehIy»LwkTaMgBIRbePTenHmanlk;enAelITIpSar.
- karerobcMdI
eKalbMNgénkarP¢ÜrdIKWedIm,IsMGatesµA eFVI[dIFUr manxül;ecjcUl TwkRCabkñúgdI)an
l¥ CYydl;karlUtlas;rbs;rws nigedIm»Lwk.karP¢ÜrdIeFVIeLIgcMnYn2eTA3dg tamsßanPaBdI.
karP¢ÜrelIkTI1 P¢Ürdas;dI nigsMGatesµA[s¥atrYchalecal1s)þah_.
kñúgkarP¢ÜrelIkTI1enH KYrP¢ÜelibrukçCatiRss; dUcCaedImsøwksENþk EmknigsøwkGgáaj;
edIm nigsøwkTRnÞagExRt søwkGgÁardI>>>>>>>kb;cUlkñúgdI edIm,I[rlYykøayCaCI.
karP¢ÜrelIkTI2 bnÞab;BIrP¢ÜrelIkTI1 1-2s)þah_eyIg)acCIkMb:usþ rWlamkstV rYcP¢ÜrelIkTI2edIm,I
lubCI.eRkayBIP©ÜrTaMgBIelIkrYcehIy ras;bMEbk nigekordI[esµI.
P¢Ürras;eFVIy:agNa[dImanlkçN³FM²bnþic edIm,IkMu[dIqab;hab; enAeblmanePøog rWeRsacTwk.
- karCIkreNþA
CIkreNþA[FMlµmEdlGacdak;CIenAkñúgreNþA)an.
CIkreNþATMhM30KuN40 s>m nigCMerA 15-20 s>m.TukcenøaHBIreNþAmYyeTAreNþAmYy 1>5m
eTA2m GaRs½yeTAtamBUC»Lwk.
dak;CIkMb:usenAkñúgreNþAnImYy² mun nigykkUnrWRKab;»LwkeTAdaM.eRkABIykeTAeFVICIRTab;)at
eyIgGaceRbICIkMb:ussMrab;bMb:nenAeBlkUn»LwkduH.
4-2 kardaMdMNaM»Lwk
kardaM»LwkEtUvkareRtomlkçNTukCamunedIm,I[)anpll¥.
sMPar³sMrab;bNþúH nigdaM mandUcCa
- søwkeck nigknøas;
- RkNat; nigcanEdk
- cbkab; Eb:l cbcUk
- CIkMb:usþ nigdI
- FugTwkpáaQUk
- RKab;BUC
- bgÁI
- kMTiccMebIug nigExSEm:Rt.
- rebobbNþúH
1RtUveRCIserIsRKab;BUCNaEdlrkSaTuk)anyUrl¥ KµanCMgW nigKµankarbMpajBIstVl¥it.
ykRKab;eTAhaléf¶cMnYn 2em:ag bnÞab;mkykeTARtaMTwkekþA]Nð²cMnYn4em:ag.
2 rYcRsg;RKab;ykmkx©b;nigRkNat; ehIyykeTAkb;kñúdIesIm [)an1éf¶1yb; edIm,I
[RKab;duHbnøk.
3 eFIVkenÞagsøwkeckedIm,IbNþúHkUn.
4 laydICamYyCIkMb:usþBukpuy[esµIPaKKña rYcykmkdak;kñúgkenÞag ehIydak;kMu[eBjdl;
mat;kenÞageBk edIm,IeRtomdak;RKab;BUC.
5 ykRKab;Edl)anbNþúHrYceTAkb;daMkñúgkenÞagsøwkeck edaydak;1-2RKab;kñúg1kenÞag.
6 eRkayBIkb;RKab;daMkñúgkenÞagehIy RtUvykdIrWkMTiccMebIugmkRKbBIelI[eBj.eRsacTwk
[eTogTat;ral;RBwk nigl¶acry³ebl3éf¶.éf¶bnÞab;²eRsacEtmþg)anehIy.
eKGacykRKab;BUCEdlduHBnøkeTAdaMkñúgreNþAEtmþg edaykñúgmYyreNþAkb;RKab;daMcMnYn2-
3RKab; nigkb;kñúgCMerA 2-4 sm.
- kardaMkUnkñúgcMkar
eyIgGacykkUn»LwkeTAdaMkñúgcMkareRkayeBlvaduH)an 3-4 snøwk.
1 eRCIserIskUn»LwkNaEdleføasl¥ nigKµankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it.
2 CB¢ÚankUneTAdaMkñúgcMkar. bkkenÞag rYckb;kUn»LwkdaM edaydak; 1-2edIm kñúg1reNþA.
3 eRkayBIdaMRKab; rWkUnehIy RtUveRsacTwk[eCakrYcykkMTiccMebIugmkRKbKl;va edIm,ITuk
[dIenAesIm)anyUr.
kardak;RKab; rWkUneRcIneBkkñúg1reNþA eFIV[kUn»LwkduHRbECgKña bNþal[edImtUc minFn;
eTAnigkMlaMgxül;bk;.
kñúgcMkarRtUvdaMdMNaMepsgeTot dUcCa eBat sENþk>>>>>edIm,ITak;TajstVl¥itEdlCYynaM
lMGgeFVI[»LwkecjpáaEpø. mü:ageTot dMNaMTamenHCYy[»Lwkvaretag Tb;Tl; nigkMlaMg
xül;bk;.
4-3 karEfTaMmuneBlRbmUlpl
edIm,daM»Lwk[)anpll¥RtUvmankarEfTaMdYcCa kareRsacTwk dak;CI CMrHesµA BUnKl; nig
mankarkat;ExñgRtYy nigEpøecjxøH.
- kareRsacTwk
TwkmansarsMxan;sMrab;karlUtlas; nigkarecjEpørbs;»Lwk.enArdUvR)aMgeRsac Twk[
esIm lµmral;RBwk nigl¶ac.enArdUvvsSa RtUvCIkcg¥ÚrbgðÚrTwkecjxøH edIm,IkMu[dk ;TwkenA kñúg
cMkarEdlnaM[ekItCMgWpSit bNþal[rlYyKl;.
kMueRsacTwkeRcIn enAebl»LwkkMBuglUtlas;xøaMg nigecjEpøpáa eRBaHGaceFIV[Epø»LwkRbH
Ebk ehIyedImGacRbHecjC½r.
- kareFIVesAµ nigRCMKl;
kareFVIesµA nigRCMKl;[)an 2-3dg cab;BIdaMrhUtdl;RbmUlpl.elIkTI1 mYys)þah_
eRkayBIdaM. elIkTI2 mYys)þah_eRkayBIkareFIVesµAelIkTI1 nigelIkTI3 eRkayBIecjkþwbEpø.
kMuRCYy rWBUnKl;enAeBl»LwkEbkExñgeRcIn eRBaHvaGacb:HBal;dl;RtYyEdlkMBuglUtlas;.
- kardkrMelaHkUn nigRKbKl;
karTukkUn»Lwk[duHeRcInkñúg1reNþAeFIV[karlUtlas;minsUvl¥nigEpøtUc.
enAeBlRKab;duH RtUvdkrMelaHkUnecjxøH edayTukEtkUnEdleføas²l¥ 1-2edImkñú1reNþA.
RtUvRkalcMebIg kMe)oaks¶Üt rWGgáam RKbtamcenøaHrg nigKl;dMNaM.
- karkat;Tg nigEpø
karEfTaMedaykat;RtYy Tg nigEpøecjxøHeFIV[»LwkduHlUtlas;l¥ nigmanEpøFM.
edImEdllUtEvg RtUvkat;RtYyecalxøH CaBiess eBl»LwkmanGayu35éf¶ edaykñúg1edImTuk
Et2Exñg.EnAeBl»LwkecjEpø RtUvrkSaTukEpøEt1 kñúg1edIm KWTukEpøEdlenAEpñkkNþaledIm.
ebHEpøenAEk,rKl; nigenAxagcugecal.
karkat;RtYy Tg nigEpø KWkMu[edIm nigTglUtlas;l¥eBk edIm,I[CIeTAciB¢wamEpø nigExñgepSg
eTotEdleyIgcg;)an.
- kardak;CIbMb:n
- CIeKak sarFatupSM CIkMb:usþ rWlamkbkSI dak;enAeBlRCMKl; nigdak;enAq¶ayBIKl;dMNaM 30-
40 sm CaBiessdak;muneBl»Lwkecjpáa.
viFIeRbI
elIkTI1 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 10-15éf¶.
elIkTI2 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 20-25éf¶.
elIkTI3 dak;eRkayBIdaM)an 30-40éf¶ eBl»Lwkecjpáa kþwb.
- CITwk RtIgab; Gac;Rbecov søwkTRnÞanExRt RtaMCamYyTwk TukknøHEx eTIbykeTAeRbI.
eRkABICIkMb:usþ eKGaceRbICIlamkbkSI edIm,I[Epø»LwkmanrsCatiEp¥m nigsac;BN_Rkhm.
eCosvagkaeeRbICIlamkstVRss; eRBaHenAeBlEdlCIcab;epþImbMEbksarFatuvabeB©ajkMedA
eFVI[b:HBal;dl;rws»Lwk.kardak;CIenAEk,rKl;GacbNþal[kUn»LwkrlYy.
- stVl¥it CMgW nig viFankarkMcat;
k>stVl¥it
- RTIb thripes
- éc Aphids
- ruyecaH Fruit fly
- xµÚtbMpøajRtsk; Cucumber beetles
- stVkEB©asIuel<ABN_Rkhm Red pumpkin beetles
dMNaM»LwkEtgEtTTYlrgnUvkarbMpøajBIstVl¥it TaMgenHNas;.edIm,IkMcat;stVl¥itTaMg
enaHeyIgRtUvkMcat;edayeRbIfñaM)aj;sMlab;.
x> CMgWbNþalmkBIpSit
- CMgWs¶Ütsøwk edIm nigrws
- CMgWdMe)A
4-4 karRbmUlpl nig TukRKab;BUC
- lkçN³sMKal;Epø»LwkTMu
Epø»LwkEdlTMumanlkçN³sMKal;mYycMnYndUcCa
éd rWTgEdlCab;nigEpømanBN_elOg sVitrWgab;.eKaHEpøsþab;semøg nigRtecok lWsUrpøúg².
sMbkeLIgrelagmanBN_ébtgcas; layelOg.
- rebobebHEpø»LwkTMu
edIm,ITukEpø»Lwk[)anyUr eyIgRtUvecHrebobebH nig Tukdak;[)anRtwmRtUv.»LwkTuk)anl¥
GacrkS)an2s)þah_.
- rebobTukRKab;BUC
BUCEdlmankarsMrwtsMraMg)anl¥ eFIV[edIm»LwkduH)anl¥ nig[EpøeRcIn.RtUveRCIserIsEpø
EdlmansMbkesþIg EpøFMl¥ minmankarbMpøajBIstVl¥it nigCMgW.
1 rkSaEpøTMu[pusl¥Cab;nigedImenAkñúgcMkar
2 ebHEpEdlTMupusenaH rYcBuHykRKab;lagTwksMGat[s¥atl¥.
3 erIsykRKab;NaEdllicTwkmkhaléf¶ [)an 4-5éf¶ haléf¶RsTMu cenøaHem:ag 7eTA
11RBwk.
4 eRkayBIhaléf¶s¶Üt RckRKab;kñúgdbbiTCit edIm,ITukdaMenArdUveRkay.kñúgry³eBlrkSa
RKab;Tuk RtUv]sSah_Binitü nigcak;RKab;haléf¶edIm,IkMu[mancMgWpSit.
Éksareyag
- Em:n vNÑarI sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 1999-2003 CMnan;TI16
karsikSavaytMélBUC»LwkEdlmanlkçN³smRsb niglkçxNÐRbeTskm<úCakñúgRsukBaraM
extþéRBEvg.
- e):ag lagGUn sarNabB©ab;karsikSa 2000-2004 CMnan;TI17
salaeronERsksikrelIdMNaM»LwkenARsukrMdYl extþsVayerog.
- esovePAdMNaM»Lwkrbs;GgÁkar SIPARnig CEDAC.