Diseño de letrinas secas

7/23/2019 Diseo de letrinas secas

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GUAS DE DISEO PARA LETRINAS DE

PROCESOS SECOS


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Tabla de contenido

Pgina

Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina de $o%o eco

1.

Objetivo ...............................................................................................................

2.

!e"i#i$io#e% .........................................................................................................

&.

A'(i$a$i)# ............................................................................................................

.

Co#%i*e+a$io#e% e#e+a(e% ...................................................................................

.1.

Ubi$a$i)# ....................................................................................................

5


5/72

.2.

-ate+ia(e% ....................................................................................................

5

.&. Com'o#e#te% *e (a (et+i#a oo %e$o .........................................................

5

5.

C+ite+io% *e *i%eo ................................................................................................

5

5.1.

oo o $ma+a ............................................................................................

6

5.2.

B+o$a( ..........................................................................................................

3

5.&.

Lo%a .............................................................................................................

3

5..

Te++a'(4# .....................................................................................................

5.5.

A'a+ato %a#ita+io........................................................................................

10


6/72

5.6.

Ca%eta ........................................................................................................

11

6.

Co#%i*e+a$io#e% $om'(eme#ta+ia% .....................................................................

12

Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina de $o%o eco &entilado

1.

Objetivo .............................................................................................................

1&

2.

!e"i#i$io#e% .......................................................................................................

1&

&.

A'(i$a$i)# ..........................................................................................................

1&

.

Co#%i*e+a$io#e% e#e+a(e% .................................................................................

1

.1.

Ubi$a$i)# ..................................................................................................

1


7/72

.2.

-ate+ia(e% ..................................................................................................

1

.&. Com'o#e#te% *e (a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o ve#ti(a*o ...................................

1

5.

C+ite+io% *e *i%eo .............................................................................................

15

5.1.

oo o $ma+a ..........................................................................................

15

5.2.

B+o$a( ........................................................................................................

16

5.&.

Lo%a ...........................................................................................................

1

5..

Te++a'(4# ...................................................................................................

13

5.5.

A'a+ato %a#ita+io .......................................................................................

13


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5.6.

Ca%eta ........................................................................................................

1

5..

7e#ti(a$i)# ................................................................................................

20

6.

Co#%i*e+a$io#e% $om'(eme#ta+ia% .....................................................................

21

8 2 8


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Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina ecol'gica eca

1.

Objetivo .............................................................................................................

22

2.

!e"i#i$io#e% .......................................................................................................

22

&.

A'(i$a$i)# ..........................................................................................................

22

.

Co#%i*e+a$io#e% e#e+a(e% .................................................................................

22

.1.

-ate+ia(e% ..................................................................................................

2&

.2. Com'o#e#te% *e (a (et+i#a e$o()i$a ........................................................

2&

5.

C+ite+io% *e *i%eo .............................................................................................

2&


10/72

5.1.

Cma+a% ....................................................................................................

2&

5.2.

Lo%a ...........................................................................................................

25

5.&.

A'a+ato %a#ita+io .......................................................................................

26

5..

Ca%eta ........................................................................................................

2


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12/72

8 & 8


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Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina de $o%o eco

Ob(eti&o

La '+e%e#te 9:a tie#e $omo objetivo e%tab(e$e+ 'a9ta% 'a+a e( *i%eo *e (et+i#a% *e oo

%e$o.

De)inicione

Let#ina* E%t+9$t9+a ;9e %e $o#%t+9e 'a+a *i%'o#e+ (a% ea e# (a tie++a $o# 9#a *ete+mi#a*a '+o"9#*i*a*, e( $9a(%e+vi+

'a+a *e'o%ita+ (a% e$e% 9ma#a% mate+ia( *e (im'ie>a a#a(.

C,a#a* Ob+a "ab+i$a*a $o# mam'o%te+:a, $om'9e%ta *e (a*+i((o% o b(o;9e% *e'ie*+a%9#i*o% $o# mo+te+o *e $eme#to8a+e#a, $o#$+eto %im'(e o +e"o+>a*o, ;9e %e (eva#ta %ob+e e(

#ive( #at9+a( *e( %9e(o 'a+a *e'o%ita+ (a% e$e% 9ma#a%, (a% o+i#a% e( mate+ia( *e (im'ie>a

a#a(.

-#ocal* A#i((o *e '+ote$$i)# *e( oo *e (a (et+i#a. Se 9bi$a e# (a 'a+te %9'e+io+ *ee%te %i+ve 'a+a e%tabi(i>a+ (a bo$a *e( oo, %o%te#e+ (a (o%a 'a+a im'e*i+ e( i#+e%o *e( a9a *e

((9via.

Loa* E%t+9$t9+a *e $o#$+eto a+ma*o 9 ot+o mate+ia( +e%i%te#te ;9e %e $o#%t+9e%ob+e e(b+o$a( %i+ve 'a+a %o'o+ta+ a( 9%9a+io.


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Te##a"l.n* Tie++a a'i%o#a*a ;9e %e a$omo*a a(+e*e*o+ *e( b+o$a(, %i+ve 'a+a'+otee+ a(oo *e( i#+e%o *e a9a% %9'e+"i$ia(e% *e ((9via.

A"a#ato Sanita#io* !i%'o%itivo *i%ea*o 'a+a ;9e b+i#*e $omo*i*a* a (a 'e+%o#aa(mome#to *e *e"e$a+.

Caeta* Ambie#te $o#%t+9i*o $o# mate+ia(e% *e (a >o#a. Si+ve 'a+a *a+ '+iva$i*a* a(9%9a+io.

A"licaci'n

Se a'(i$a+ e# >o#a% +9+a(e% /o 9+ba#o8ma+i#a(e% *o#*e #o %ea 'o%ib(e (a im'(eme#ta$i)#

*e ot+o %i%tema *e *i%'o%i$i)# %a#ita+ia *e e


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Ubicacin

Pa+a evita+ 'o%ib(e% $o#tami#a$io#e% %e +e$omie#*a *i%ta#$ia% m:#ima% e#t+e (a (et+i#a (a%

%i9ie#te% e%t+9$t9+a%=

Let+i#a

8

'o>o e


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Let+i#a

8

Ta#;9e *e a9a %ob+e to++e

=

3,00 m

Let+i#a

8

T9bo *e a9a 'otab(e

=

&,00 m

La% (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o ve#ti(a*o #o %e *ebe+# $o#%t+9i+ e# %itio% *e "$i( i#9#*a$i)# #i

'a#ta#o%o%.

S9 i#%ta(a$i)# e# %9e(o% +o$o%o% #o e% $o#ve#ie#te 'o+ (a% *i"i$9(ta*e% ;9e o"+e$e#.

S9 9bi$a$i)# *ebe+ %e+ *e '+e"e+e#$ia e# (a 9e+ta, ;9e #o %ea m9 a(eja*o 'a+a %e+

9%a*o 'o+ to*a (a "ami(ia.

C9a#*o e( te++e#o e% mo#tao%o (a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o %e *ebe+ 9bi$a+ e# 9#a 'a+te m%

baja ;9e (a "9e#te *e %9mi#i%t+o *e a9a 'a+a evita+ ;9e e%ta %e $o#tami#e.

E# te++e#o% ;9e '+e%e#te# a9a% %9bte++#ea% %e +e$omie#*a ;9e (a ba%e *e( oo %e

e#$9e#t+e %e'a+a*a *e( #ive( *e a9a 'o+ (o me#o% e# 1,50 met+o%.

Materiales

E# (o 'o%ib(e (o% mate+ia(e% a 9ti(i>a+%e *ebe# %e+ mate+ia(e% (o$a(e%, ;9e 'e+mita# (a

a9to$o#%t+9$$i)# 'o+ 'a+te *e (o% be#e"i$ia+io%.

Componentes de la letrina hoyo seco


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E# (a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o %e '+e%e#ta# (o% %i9ie#te% $om'o#e#te%=

oo o $ma+a

B+o$a(

Lo%a

Te++a'(4#

A'a+ato %a#ita+io

Ca%eta

C#ite#io de die!o

Lo% $+ite+io% *e *i%eo 'a+a (o% $om'o#e#te% 'a+a (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o %e+# (o%

$o#%i*e+a*o% a $o#ti#9a$i)#=

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UNATSABAR

La (et+i#a %e $om'o#e *e %ei% e(eme#to%= a? oo o $ma+a, b? b+o$a(, $? (o%a, *? te++a'(4#,

e? a'a+to %a#ita+io "? $a%eta.


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Hoyo o cmara

E( a'o+te 'e+$'ita *e *e%e$o% o+#i$o% *e'e#*e *e( m4to*o *e (im'ie>a a#a(. E# (a

*ete+mi#a$i)# *e (a $a#ti*a* *ebe te#e+%e e# $9e#ta (o %i9ie#te=

Lim'ie>a $o# a9a o 'a'e( ii4#i$o

0,080,05 m3/ab8ao

Lim'ie>a $o# 'a'e( +9e%o 9 oja%

0,0580,06 m3/ab8ao

Lim'ie>a $o# mate+ia( *9+o o vo(9mi#o%o

0,080,05 m3/ab8ao

E( vo(9me# e"e$tivo *e( 'o>o ;9e e% e( vo(9me# tota( me#o% e( vo(9me# *e( e%'a$io (ib+e,

e% i9a( a( '+o*9$to *e( a'o+te 'e+8$'ita 'o+ e( #@me+o *e 9%9a+io% (a vi*a *e( *i%eo.

E( oo *ebe+ %e+ *i%ea*o 'a+a 9#a vi*a @ti( #o mao+ a $9at+o ao%, (a $ma+a #o

mao+ a 2 ao%.

E( e%'a$io (ib+e *e( oo #o *ebe+ %e+ me#o% *e 0,50 m 'a+a e( $a%o *e (a $ma+a #o

me#o% *e 0,20 m, e( mi%mo ;9e %e+vi+ 'a+a e( %e((a*o *e( oo o 9#a $ma+a 9#a ve> ((e#a.

E( oo 'o*+ %e+ $i+$9(a+ o $9a*+a*o $o# 9# *imet+o o (a*o #o me#o+ a 0,30 m #i mao+ a

1,50 m.


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UNATSABAR

E# te++e#o% i#e%tab(e% o "$i(me#te *e(e>#ab(e%, (a% 'a+e*e% ve+ti$a(e% *e( oo *ebe+#

%e+ '+otei*a% $o# ot+o% mate+ia(e% 'a+a evita+ %9 *e%mo+o#amie#to.

E( vo(9me# e"e$tivo *e( oo $9a% 'a+e*e% %o# '+otei*a%, *ebe+# %e+ $a($9(a*o

*e%$o#ta#*o e( e%'a$io ;9e o$9'a e( mate+ia( 9%a*o 'a+a (a '+ote$$i)#.

E# (a '+ote$$i)# *e( oo %e 'o*+ em'(ea+ $i(i#*+o% met(i$o% +e$9bie+to% $o# mo+te+o

*e $eme#to8a+e#a o '+otei*o% $o# 9#a $a'a +9e%a *e b+ea a#i((o% *e $o#$+eto ma*e+a

+e%i%te#te a (a 9me*a* mate+ia( *e mam'o%te+:a $om'9e%ta 'o+ (a*+i((o% o b(o;9e% *e'ie*+a o *e $o#$+eto %ob+e'9e%to% $o# j9#ta% (ate+a(e% e%'a$ia*a% e# #o m% *e 9#

met+o.

E# e( $a%o *e e"e$t9a+ e( +e$9b+imie#to *e (a% 'a+e*e% ve+ti$a(e% *e( oo, e( e%'a$io

e#t+e e( m9+o e( te++e#o #at9+a( *ebe %e+ +e((e#a*o $o# +ava.

E# e( "o#*o *e( oo *ebe+ ;9e*a+ 'o+ (o me#o% a *o% met+o% 'o+ e#$ima *e( m


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8 8


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Brocal

Po*+ %e+ $o#%t+9i*o $o# via% *e ma*e+a, $o#$+eto %im'(e o +e"o+>a*o, (a*+i((o% o b(o;9e%

*e 'ie*+a o *e $o#$+eto a%e#ta*o% $o# mo+te+o *e $eme#to8a+e#a.

!ebe+ i#i$ia+%e "a(ta*o 0,20 m 'a+a ((ea+ a (a %9'e+"i$ie '+o(o#a+%e 0,10 m 'o+ e#$ima

*e e((a.

E( b+o$a( *ebe te#e+ (a mi%ma eomet+:a ;9e e( oo %9 'a+te i#te+#a *ebe $oi#$i*i+ $o#

(a% 'a+e*e% i#te+#a% *e( oo.

E( e%'e%o+ *e( b+o$a( e# $o#$+eto o mam'o%te+:a #o *ebe+ %e+ me#o+ *e 0,20 m *e (o%

$9a(e% 0,10 m %e+vi+# *e a'oo a (a (o%a.

C9a#*o e( b+o$a( e% *e ma*e+a, (o% e


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Losa

Po*+ %e+ $o#%t+9i*o *e ma*e+a +e%i%te#te a (a 9me*a*, $o#$+eto +e"o+>a*o, '(%ti$o, "ib+a

*e vi*+io o $9a(;9ie+ ot+o mate+ia( *9+ab(e $a'a> *e %o'o+ta+ e( 'e%o *e (a 'e+%o#a *e(

a'a+ato %a#ita+io.

La% *ime#%io#e% *e (a (o%a *ebe# '+o(o#a+%e a $a*a 9#o *e %9% (a*o% i#te+#o% *e( b+o$a(,

e# 'o+ (o me#o% 0,10 m *e mo*o *e $9b+i+ $o# am'(it9* e( :#te+o *e( oo.

La (o%a *ebe 'o%ee+ 9#a abe+t9+a ;9e e%ta+ 9bi$a*o e# e( eje $e#t+a( *i%ta#$ia*o #o

me#o% *e 0,13 m *e( bo+*e *e (a (o%a. La% *ime#%io#e% *e (a abe+t9+a %e+# *e 0,1 *e

*imet+o e# %9 'a+te ma% $e+$a#a a( bo+*e *e (a 'a+e*, 0,12 m *e a#$o e# (a ma% a#o%ta,

(a *i%ta#$ia *e %9% ea+ a'a+to %a#ita+io o ta>a (a

*ime#%i)# *e( o+i"i$io %e a*e$9a+ a( mi%mo.

E# e( $a%o ;9e (a (o%a #o $9e#te $o# 9# a'a+to %a#ita+io, (a (o%a *ebe+ $o#ta+ $o# '(a#ti((a%

'a+a 9bi$a+ (o% 'ie%.

E( #ive( *e (a (o%a i#%ta(a*a *ebe+ 9bi$a+%e a 9# #ive( #o me#o% *e 0,10 m #o m% *e 0,60 m

$o# +e%'e$to a( te++e#o #at9+a(, 'a+a evita+ e( a$$e%o *e a9a *e ((9via.

3 8


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UNATSABAR

A "i# *e *a+ %e9+i*a* %o%te#ibi(i*a* e%t+9$t9+a( a (o%a% "ab+i$a*a% $o# ma*e+a, deber

proyectarse dos viguetas de madera resistente de 0,10 x 0,10 m e


26/72

Terrapln

Se $o(o$a+ a(+e*e*o+ *e (a (o%a 'a+a '+otee+(a '9e*e %e+ *e a+$i((a o tie++a.

Ubicaci'n

!ebe e%ta+ 9bi$a*a 'o+ (o me#o% a 15 $m. #o m% *e 60 $m. %ob+e e( #ive( +e9(a+ *e(

te++e#o, e((o% e a$e 'a+a im'e*i+ e( 'a%o *e a9a% %9'e+"i$ia(e% o *e ((9via


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Aparato sanitario

Po*+ em'(ea+%e e( ti'o t9+$o o e( ti'o ta>a.

E# to*o% (o% $a%o%, *ebe+ $o#ta+ $o# 9#a ta'a *e aj9%te e+m4ti$o ;9e $9b+a e( o+i"i$io *e(

a'a+ato %a#ita+io, $o# a#$9+a (o#it9* ;9e %e a*a'te a %9 tamao a#$9+a.

E( a'a+ata %a#ita+io ti'o t9+$o 'o*+ %e+ 9# a$$e%o+io i#*e'e#*ie#te o %e+ $o#%t+9i*o$o#j9#tame#te $o# (a (o%a.

La ta'a 'a+a e( a'a+to %a#ita+io ti'o t9+$o, te#*+ e( tamao "o+ma *e( o+i"i$io $o#ta+

$o# 9# ma#o *e %9je$i)# $o# 9# (a+o m:#imo *e 0,&0m.

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io o ta>a *ebe+ %e+ 9# a$$e%o+io i#*e'e#*ie#te.

La ta'a 'a+a (a ta>a 'o*+ %e+ *e ma*e+a *ebe+ a*e$9a+%e a( tamao (a "o+ma *e(

a%ie#to $o#ta+, e# (o 'o%ib(e, $o# 9#a bi%a+a *e %9je$i)# 'a+a $ie++e a9tomti$o.

E( a'a+to %a#ita+io o ta>a *ebe+ %e+ *e 9#a %o(a 'ie>a $o# a$aba*o (o ma% (i%o 'o%ib(e.

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io, bie# %ea ti'o t9+$o o ta>a, *ebe+ e%ta+ e+m4ti$ame#te 9#i*o a (a (o%a'a+a im'e*i+ e( i#+e%o *e i#%e$to% o (a %a(i*a *e ma(o% o(o+e%.


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Caseta

Pa+a *i%ea+ e( (a+o a#$o *e (a $a%eta %e toma+ $omo +e"e+e#$ia (a% *ime#%io#e% *e (a

(o%a, *e ta( ma#e+a ;9e (a% 'a+e*e% %ea# $o#%t+9i*a% %ob+e (a ba%e e( e


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!ebe '+e%e#ta+ 9#a i#$(i#a$i)# *e a'+oo

a(+e*e*o+ *e (a $a%eta.

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Conide#acione co,"le,enta#ia

E# e( *i%eo *e (a% (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o, %e *ebe+ te#e+ '+e%e#te (a% %i9ie#te%

$o#%i*e+a$io#e% $om'(eme#ta+ia%=

P9e*e# %e+ $o#%t+9i*a% 'o+ e( 9%9a+io.

U#a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o e# b9e#a% $o#*i$io#e% *e ma#te#imie#to '9e*e '+o'o+$io#a+#o%9# #ive( *e %a#eamie#to 'o+ (o me#o% ta# %ati%"a$to+io $omo ot+o% m4to*o% ma%

$om'(i$a*o%.

!ebe+ *e ma#te#e+%e e( (9a+ bie# (im'io, e( o+i"i$io ta'a*o $9a#*o 4%te #o %ea 9%a*o.

La i#$(i#a$i)# *e( te$o %e +ea(i>a+a 'a+a ;9e #o %e em'o$e *e a9a $9a#*o %e '+e%e#ta#

((9via%.


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Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina de $o%o eco &entilado

Ob(eti&o

La '+e%e#te 9:a tie#e $omo objetivo e%tab(e$e+ 'a9ta% 'a+a e( *i%eo *e (et+i#a% *e oo

%e$o ve#ti(a*o.

De)inicione

Let#ina &entilada* E%t+9$t9+a ;9e %e $o#%t+9e 'a+a *i%'o#e+ (a% ea 'o+ te#e+ 9# t9bo ve+ti$a( *e ve#ti(a$i)# 'o+ e( $9a( %e e(imi#a+#

(o% ma(o% o(o+e%.

+o%o= Cavi*a* ;9e %e +ea(i>a e# (a tie++a $o# 9#a *ete+mi#a*a '+o"9#*i*a*, e( $9a(%e+vi+'a+a *e'o%ita+ (a% e$e% 9ma#a% mate+ia( *e (im'ie>a a#a(.

C,a#a* Ob+a "ab+i$a*a $o# mam'o%te+:a, $om'9e%ta *e (a*+i((o% o b(o;9e% *e'ie*+a%9#i*o% $o# mo+te+o *e $eme#to8a+e#a, $o#$+eto %im'(e o +e"o+>a*o, ;9e %e (eva#ta %ob+e e(

#ive( #at9+a( *e( %9e(o 'a+a *e'o%ita+ (a% e$e% 9ma#a%, (a% o+i#a% e( mate+ia( *e (im'ie>a

a#a(.

-#ocal* A#i((o *e '+ote$$i)# *e( oo *e (a (et+i#a. Se 9bi$a+ e# (a 'a+te %9'e+io+*e e%te %i+ve 'a+a e%tabi(i>a+ (a bo$a *e( oo, %o%te#e+ (a (o%a $e++a+(a 'a+a im'e*i+ e( i#+e%o *e

i#%e$to% +oe*o+e%.

Loa* E%t+9$t9+a *e $o#$+eto a+ma*o ;9e %e $o#%t+9e %ob+e e( b+o$a( %i+ve 'a+a%o'o+ta+a( 9%9a+io.


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Te##a"l.n* Tie++a a'i%o#a*a ;9e %e a$omo*a a(+e*e*o+ *e( %ob+e$imie#to, %i+ve'a+a'+otee+ a( oo *e( i#+e%o *e a9a% %9'e+"i$ia(e% *e ((9via.

A"a#ato anita#io* !i%'o%itivo *i%ea*o 'a+a ;9e b+i#*e $omo*i*a* a (a 'e+%o#a a(mome#to *e *e"e$a+.

Caeta* Ambie#te $o#%t+9i*o $o# mate+ia(e% *e (a >o#a. Si+ve 'a+a *a+ '+iva$i*a* a(9%9a+io.

Tube#a de &entilaci'n* Co#*9$to ;9e %e $o(o$a 'a+a evita+ ma(o% o(o+e% e(i#+e%o %a(i*a *e mo%$a% ot+o% i#%e$to%.

A"licaci'n

E% 9# %i%tema a*e$9a*o 'a+a (a *i%'o%i$i)# *e (a% eo#a +9+a( 9+ba#a ma+i#a(,

$9a% $o#*i$io#e% %o$ioe$o#)mi$a% #o 'e+mita# 9#a %o(9$i)# $o# a++a%t+e i*+9(i$o.

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UNATSABAR

Conide#acione gene#ale

Ubicacin

Pa+a evita+ 'o%ib(e% $o#tami#a$io#e% %e +e$omie#*a *i%ta#$ia% m:#ima% e#t+e (a (et+i#a (a%

%i9ie#te% e%t+9$t9+a%=

Let+i#a

8 'o>o e


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3,00 m

Let+i#a

8 t9bo *e a9a 'otab(e

=

&,00 m

La (et+i#a ve#ti(a*a *e oo %e$o %e 9bi$a+ e# e( ea+%e *ebe# %e+ mate+ia(e% (o$a(e%, ;9e 'e+mita# (a


Componentes de la letrina de hoyo seco ventilado


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E# (a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o ve#ti(a*o %e '+e%e#ta (o% %i9ie#te% $om'o#e#te%=

1 8


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UNATSABAR

oo o $ma+a

B+o$a(

Lo%a

Te++a'(4#

A'a+ato %a#ita+io

Ca%eta

7e#ti(a$i)#

C#ite#io de die!o

Lo% $+ite+io% *e *i%eo 'a+a (o% $om'o#e#te% 'a+a (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o ve#ti(a*o %e+# (o%

$o#%i*e+a*o% a $o#ti#9a$i)#=

Hoyo o cmara

Pa+a '+o$e*e+ a( *i%eo *e( oo %e tie#e ;9e te#e+ e# $o#%i*e+a$i)# (o% %i9ie#te% $+ite+io%=

0olu,en del $o%o

E%to *e'e#*e+ *e t+e% $o#*i$io#e% '+i#$i'a(e%=

7e(o$i*a* *e a$9m9(a$i)# *e %)(i*o% m3/ab8ao?.

Ca#ti*a* *e 'e+%o#a% ;9e (o 9ti(i>a#.


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Tiem'o *e ((e#a*o e# ao%?.

7o(9me# *e oo D 7e(o$i*a* *e a$9m9(a$i)# < Ca#ti*a* *e 'e+%o#a% < tiem'o. La

ve(o$i*a* *e a$9m9(a$i)# *e %)(i*o% %e e#$o#t+a+ e#t+e (o% %i9ie#te% va(o+e%=

Lim'ie>a $o# a9a o 'a'e( ii4#i$o

0,080,05 m3/ab8ao

Lim'ie>a $o# 'a'e( +9e%o 9 oja%

0,0580,06 m3/ab8ao

Lim'ie>a $o# mate+ia( *9+o o vo(9mi#o%o

0,080,05 m3

/ab8ao

Pe#iodo de die!o

E% e( tiem'o *e vi*a @ti( '+oe$ta*o *e( oo, e% *e$i+ e( tiem'o e# e( $9a( e%te a %i*o

((e#a*o. E( 'e+io*o *e *i%eo %e *a e# ao%=

-:#imo= ao%

-


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UNATSABAR

1o#,a

E( oo *e (a (et+i#a '9e*e %e+ *e "o+ma $i+$9(a+, +e$ta#9(a+ $9a*+a*o, 'a+a %9 *i%eo %e

te#*+ (a% %i9ie#te% $o#%i*e+a$io#e%=

Pa+a oo% $i+$9(a+e%= !imet+o= 1,5 1,30 met+o%

Pa+a +e$ta#9(a+e% $9a*+a*o%= A#$o= 1,20 1,60 met+o%


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Brocal

Po*+ %e+ $o#%t+9i*o $o# via% *e ma*e+a, $o#$+eto %im'(e o +e"o+>a*o, (a*+i((o% o b(o;9e%

*e 'ie*+a o *e $o#$+eto a%e#ta*o% $o# mo+te+o *e $eme#to8a+e#a.

!ebe i#i$ia+%e "a(ta#*o 0,20 m 'a+a ((ea+ a (a %9'e+"i$ie '+o(o#a+%e 0,10 m 'o+ e#$ima*e e((a.

E( b+o$a( *ebe te#e+ (a mi%ma eomet+:a ;9e e( oo %9 'a+te i#te+#a *ebe+ $oi#$i*i+ $o#

(a% 'a+e*e% i#te+#a% *e( oo.

E( e%'e%o+ *e( b+o$a( e# $o#$+eto o mam'o%te+:a #o *ebe+ %e+ me#o+ *e 0,20 m *e (o%

$9a(e% 0,10 m %e+vi+# *e a'oo a (a (o%a.

C9a#*o e( b+o$a( e% *e ma*e+a, (o% e


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Losa

Po*+ %e+ $o#%t+9i*o *e ma*e+a +e%i%te#te a (a 9me*a*, $o#$+eto +e"o+>a*o, '(%ti$o, "ib+a

*e vi*+io o $9a(;9ie+ ot+o mate+ia( *9+ab(e $a'a> *e %o'o+ta+ e( 'e%o *e (a 'e+%o#a *e(

a'a+ato %a#ita+io.

La% *ime#%io#e% *e (a (o%a *ebe+# '+o(o#a+%e a $a*a 9#o *e %9% (a*o% i#te+#o% *e( b+o$a(,

e# 'o+ (o me#o% 0,10 m, *e mo*o *e $9b+i+ $o# am'(it9* e( :#te+o *e( oo.

La (o%a *ebe+ 'o%ee+ 9#a abe+t9+a ;9e e%ta+ 9bi$a*a e# e( eje $e#t+a( *i%ta#$ia*o #o

me#o% *e 0,13 m *e( bo+*e *e (a (o%a. La% *ime#%io#e% *e (a abe+t9+a %e+# *e 0,1 *e

*imet+o e# %9 'a+te m% $e+$a#a a( bo+*e *e (a 'a+e*, 0,12 m *e a#$o e# (a m% a#o%ta,

(a *i%ta#$ia *e %9% ea+ a'a+ato %a#ita+io o ta>a (a

*ime#%i)# *e( o+i"i$io %e a*e$9a+ a( mi%mo.

E# e( $a%o ;9e (a (o%a #o $9e#te $o# 9# a'a+to %a#ita+io, (a (o%a *ebe+ $o#ta+ $o# '(a#ti((a%

'a+a 9bi$a+ (o% 'ie%.


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E( #ive( *e (a (o%a i#%ta(a*a *ebe+ 9bi$a+%e a 9# #ive( #o me#o% *e 0,10 m #o m% *e

0,60 m $o# +e%'e$to a( te++e#o #at9+a(, 'a+a evita+ e( a$$e%o *e a9a *e ((9via.

A fin de dar seguridad y sostenibilidad estructural a losas fabricadas con madera, deber

proyectarse dos viguetas de madera resistente de 0,10 x 0,10 m extendindose comomnimo 0,20 m ms alldel corte del terreno.

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UNATSABAR

Terrapln

Se $o(o$a+ a(+e*e*o+ *e (a (o%a 'a+a '+otee+(a '9e*e %e+ *e a+$i((a o *e tie++a.

Ubicaci'n

!ebe+ e%ta+ 9bi$a*a 'o+ (o me#o% a 15 $m #o m% *e 60 $m %ob+e e( #ive( +e9(a+ *e(

te++e#o, e((o %e a$e 'a+a im'e*i+ e( 'a%o *e a9a% %9'e+"i$ia(e% o *e ((9via.


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Aparato sanitario

Po*+ em'(ea+%e e( ti'o t9+$o o e( ti'o ta>a.

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io ti'o t9+$o 'o*+ %e+ 9# a$$e%o+io i#*e'e#*ie#te o %e+ $o#%t+9i*o

$o#j9#tame#te $o# (a (o%a.

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io o ta>a *ebe+ %e+ 9# a$$e%o+io i#*e'e#*ie#te.

E( a'a+to %a#ita+io o ta>a *ebe+ %e+ *e 9#a %o(a 'ie>a $o# a$aba*o, (o m% (i%o 'o%ib(e.

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io, bie# %ea ti'o t9+$o o ta>a, *ebe+ e%ta+ e+m4ti$ame#te 9#i*o a (a (o%a

'a+a im'e*i+ e( i#+e%o *e i#%e$to% o %a(i*a *e ma(o% o(o+e%.


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UNATSABAR


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Caseta

Pa+a *i%ea+ e( (a+o a#$o *e (a $a%eta %e toma+ $omo +e"e+e#$ia (a% *ime#%io#e% *e (a

(o%a, *e ta( ma#e+a ;9e (a% 'a+e*e% %ea# $o#%t+9i*a% %ob+e (a ba%e e( e


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8 1 8


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UNATSABAR

Ilu,inaci'n % &entilaci'n

La i(9mi#a$i)# i#te+io+ *e (a $a%eta *ebe+ %e+ '+ovi%ta% 'o+ 9#a ve#ta#a %it9a*a e#t+e (a

'a+te a(ta %9'e+io+ *e (a $a%eta. E( +ea tota( *e (a ve#ta#a #o *ebe+ %e+ mao+ a 0,10m2

e( a(to #o mao+ a 0,15 m.

Tec$o

Pa+a e( *i%eo *e( te$o %e +e$omie#*a (o %i9ie#te=

!ebe '+e%e#ta+ 9#a i#$(i#a$i)# *e a'+oo

a(+e*e*o+ *e (a $a%eta.


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Ventilacin

E%te %e *i%ea 'a+a %a$a+ (o% ma(o% o(o+e% *e( oo a$ia e( e


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UNATSABAR

Pa+a e( $a%o *e t9be+:a *e P7C %e *ebe+ $o(o$a+ 9# %omb+e+o *e ve#ti(a$i)#, ;9e %e+vi+

'a+a e(imi#a+ (o% ma(o% o(o+e% e i#%e$to% ;9e '9*ie+a# a"e$ta+ %9 b9e# "9#$io#amie#to,tambi4# %e +e$omie#*a ot+a a(te+#ativa ;9e $o#%i%te e# $o(o$a+ e# (a 'a+te %9'e+io+ *e( t9bo

9# $o*o *e 0G, $o# 9#a ma((a o $e*a>o ;9e '9e*e %e+ *e $o(o+ b(a#$o o ama+i((o, a "i# *e

;9e e( $o(o+ #o ob%t+9a e( b+i((o '+o*9$i*o 'o+ e( %o(, a e"e$to ;9e (o% i#%e$to% b9%;9e# (a

%a(i*a 'o+ e%te $o#*9$to. La ma((a *ebe a+a#ti>a+%e ;9e ;9e*e %9jeta a( t9bo.


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Conide#acione co,"le,enta#ia

E# e( *i%eo *e (a% (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o ve#ti(a*o, %e *ebe+ te#e+ '+e%e#te (a% %i9ie#te%

$o#%i*e+a$io#e% $om'(eme#ta+ia%=

!ebe+ %e+ *i%ea*a *e a$9e+*o a (a >o#a e# ;9e %e va a em'(ea+.

!ebe+ *e ma#te#e+%e e( (9a+ bie# (im'io, e( o+i"i$io ta'a*o $9a#*o e%te #o %ea 9%a*o.

La $o++ie#te *e ai+e e% mao+ %i (a '9e+ta *e (a $a%eta e%t $o(o$a*a *e( (a*o ;9e %o'(a m%

"+e$9e#teme#te e( ai+e.

La t9be+:a *e ve#ti(a$i)# %e '9e*e 'i#ta+ *e #e+o 'a+a a9me#ta+ (a ab%o+$i)# %o(a+.

La i#$(i#a$i)# *e( te$o %e +ea(i>a+ 'a+a ;9e #o %e em'o$e *e a9a $9a#*o %e '+e%e#te#

((9via%.

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Gua de die!o "a#a let#ina ecol'gica eca

Ob(eti&o

La '+e%e#te 9:a tie#e $omo objetivo e%tab(e$e+ 'a9ta% 'a+a e( *i%eo *e (et+i#a

e$o()i$a %e$a.

De)inicione

Let#ina ecol'gica* A(te+#ativa *e t+atamie#to ;9e $o#%ta *e 9#a *ob(e $ma+aim'e+meab(e 9#a ta>a, %e $o#%t+9e 'a+a *i%'o#e+ (a% eo#a. Si+ve 'a+a *a+'+iva$i*a* a(9%9a+io.

U#ina#io* A'a+ato *o#*e e% *e%ti#a*o (a o+i#a *e (o% abita#te% *e (a 'ob(a$i)#.

A"licaci'n


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E% 9# %i%tema a*e$9a*o 'a+a (a *i%'o%i$i)# *e (a% eo#a +9+a( 9+ba#a

ma+i#a( *o#*e e#e+a(me#te e( aba%te$imie#to *e a9a %e a$e e# "o+ma ma#9a(. No

%o# a'+o'ia*o% e# (o% (9a+e% e# *o#*e e( a9a e% 9%a*a 'a+a (a (im'ie>a a#a(.

Conide#acione gene#ale

Se *i%ea 'a+a >o#a% e# *o#*e #o e% "a$tib(e im'(eme#ta+ (et+i#a% t+a*i$io#a(e% 'o+ (a

'+e%e#$ia *e %9e(o +o$o%o o $9a#*o e( #ive( *e a9a %9bte++#ea e% m9 %9'e+"i$ia(.

Lo% +e%i*9o% *e'o%ita*o% e# e%ta% (et+i#a% %o# em'(ea*o% 'o+ (o% 9%9a+io%.

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S9 9bi$a$i)# %e+ a 6 m $omo m:#imo *e (a vivie#*a, 6 m $omo m:#imo a 9# 'o>o *e

a9a & m $omo m:#imo *e (a (:#ea *e '+o'ie*a*.

Co#%ta *e *o% $ma+a% %e'a+a*a% 'o+ 9# tabi;9e $e#t+a(, $o# 9# a9je+o %9'e+io+ $a*a

9#a *e e((a% 'o+ *o#*e %e i#t+o*9$e# (a% e$e% (a $e#i>a 9#a $om'9e+ta *e *e%$a+a

(ate+a( 'o+ *o#*e %e e *ie+i*o%.

La% $ma+a% %e *i%ea# 'a+a e%ta+ 9bi$a*a% a #ive( *e( %9e(o.

E( *i%eo *e'e#*e+ *e( ti'o *e te++e#o *e (a% '+e"e+e#$ia% *e ;9ie#e% (o 9%a#.

C9a#*o e( te++e#o e% '(a#o %e *ebe a$e+ e%$a(o#e% 'a+a %9bi+ a( %a#ita+io.

Si e( te++e#o tie#e 'e#*ie#te %e '9e*e a'+ove$a+ 'a+a a$e+ e( %a#ita+io $o# me#o%

e%$a(o#e%.

Materiales

E# (o 'o%ib(e (o% mate+ia(e% a 9ti(i>a+%e *ebe+# %e+ mate+ia(e% (o$a(e%, ;9e 'e+mita# (a


Componentes de la letrina ecolgica

E# (a (et+i#a *e oo %e$o %e '+e%e#ta# (o% %i9ie#te% $om'o#e#te%=

oo

Cma+a

Lo%a


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A'a+ato %a#ita+io

U+i#a+io

Ca%eta

C#ite#io de die!o

Lo% $+ite+io% *e *i%eo 'a+a (o% $om'o#e#te% 'a+a (et+i#a% *e oo %e$o %e+# (o%

$o#%i*e+a*o% a $o#ti#9a$i)#=

Cmaras

Pa+a '+o$e*e+ a( *i%eo *e (a% $ma+a% %e tie#e ;9e te#e+ e# $o#%i*e+a$i)# (o% %i9ie#te%

$+ite+io%=

0olu,en de la c,a#a

Ca*a $ma+a %e+ ta# +a#*e ;9e a(+e*e*o+ *e 9# ao te#a (a% H *e %9 vo(9me# ((e#a%.

Ca*a 'e+%o#a '+o*9$i+ a(+e*e*o+ *e 0,2 m&*e ba%9+a 'o+ ao, $o#%i*e+a+ (a

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+e*9$$i)# *e( vo(9me# *e (a ea (o% H 'a+te% *e %9 vo(9me# ((e#a*o. Po+ (o ta#to e( "a$to+ *e vo(9me# %e+

i9a( a 0,2m&< 1,&& D 0,2m

&'o+ 'e+%o#a.

E( $($9(o *e vo(9me# +e;9e+i*o 'o+ $a*a $ma+a, %e+ (a m9(ti'(i$a$i)# *e( "a$to+ *e

vo(9me# 'o+ e( #@me+o *e 'e+%o#a% ;9e 9ti(i>a+# (a (et+i#a e$o()i$a.

Pe#iodo de die!o

E% e( tiem'o *e vi*a @ti( '+oe$ta*o 'a+a (a $ma+a, e% *e$i+ e( tiem'o e# e( $9a( 4%te a

%i*o ((e#a*o. Se +e$omie#*a e%tima+ 9# 'e+io*o *e *i%eo *e 9# ao.

Di,enione inte#na de cada c,a#a

La *ete+mi#a$i)# *e (a% *ime#%io#e% i#te+#a% *e $a*a $ma+a %e ba%a+ e# (o%

+e;9e+imie#to% *e vo(9me# e# (a i#"o+ma$i)# *e (a %i9ie#te tab(a.

Ca#acte#tica

Di,enione ,2i,a

A(t9+a i#te+#a

1,1 m

Lo#it9* i#te+#a

1,2 m

A#$o i#te+io+

1,5 m

E( vo(9me# %e+ i9a( a( '+o*9$to *e (a a(t9+a i#te+io+, (o#it9* i#te+io+ a#$o i#te+io+.

Di,enione )ue#a del #et#ete


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La *ime#%io#e% "9e+a +et+ete *e'e#*e+ *e (a% *ime#%io#e% i#te+#a% *e $a*a $ma+a *e

(a i#"o+ma$i)# *e (a %i9ie#te tab(a.

Ca#acte#tica

G#oo# ,ni,o

Pa+e*e% e


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A#$o D a#$o *e( +et+ete 0,15 m.

E%to *eja+ 9#o% 5 mm a(+e*e*o+ *e (a ba%e *e %o'ote *e (a $ma+a.


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Losa

La (o%a *ebe+ %e+ *i%ea*a *e ta( ma#e+a ;9e %ea +e%i%te#te a( $ami#a+ %ob+e (a% $ma+a%

%i# +ie%o *e $ae+#o% tambi4# $o#%i*e+a+ ;9e %e *ebe+ *e te#e+ 9#a a'e+t9+a 'o+ $a*a

$ma+a *o#*e %e va a i#%ta(a+ (a ta>a

La% *ime#%io#e% e


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Losa

Orificio: Conecta la taza con el colector de orina

A"a#ato anita#io

E( a'a+ato %a#ita+io %e '9e*e *i%ea+ *e a+$i((a o *e $eme#to.

Se 9%a+ 9# $o#te#e*o+ $i(:#*+i$o *e 20 (it+o% *e $a'a$i*a*, a'+o


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Caeta

Pa+a *i%ea+ e( (a+o a#$o *e (a $a%eta %e toma+ $omo +e"e+e#$ia (a% *ime#%io#e% *e

(a (o%a, *e ta( ma#e+a ;9e (a% 'a+e*e% %ea# $o#%t+9i*a% %ob+e (a ba%e e( e


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!ebe '+e%e#ta+ 9#a i#$(i#a$i)# *e a'+oo a(+e*e*o+ *e (a $a%eta.

0entilaci'n

La ve#ti(a$i)# %e *i%ea 'a+a eva$9a+ (o% ma(o% o(o+e% *e (a% $ma+a% evita+ (a e#t+a*a

%a(i*a *e (o% i#%e$to%.

Ubi$a$i)#= Se *ebe+ *e 9bi$a+ e# (a 'a+te 'o%te+io+ *e (a $a%eta.

Lo#it9*= E%ta *ebe+ %e+ *e ta( ma#e+a ;9e '9e*a %ob+e%a(i+ m:#imo 0,10 m *e (a

%e$$i)# %9'e+io+ *e( te$o *e (a $a%eta.

Se +e$omie#*a i#%ta(a+ e# (a 'a+te %9'e+io+ *e( t9bo, 9# %omb+e+o *e ve#ti(a$i)# o 9#

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Diseño de letrinas secas

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