Discapacitados Ada

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Department of Justice

28 CFR Part 36

Revised as of July 1, 1994

Nondiscrimination on the Basis of

Disability by Public Accommodations

and in Commercial Facilities c

o d e o f

f e d

e r a l r e g u l a t i o n

s r e p r

i n t

Excerpt from 28 CFR Part 36:

ADA Standards for

Accessible Design


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Pt. 36, App. A 28 CFR Ch. I (7-1-94 Edition)

APPENDIX A TO PART 36 -- STANDARDS FOR ACCESSIBL E DESIGN

ADA ACCESSIBILITY GUIDELINES

FOR BUILDINGS AND FACILITIES TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. PURPOSE ....................................................................................... 1

2. GENERAL ....................................................................................... 1

2.1 Provisions for Adu l ts ............................................................................................. 12.2* Equ ivalent Faci li tat ion. ....................................................................................... 1

3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS ..................... 1

3.1 Graphi c Convent ions ............................................................................................. 13.2 Dimensional Tolerances ........................................................................................ 2

3.3 Notes ...................................................................................................................... 23.4 Gener al Term ino logy ............................................................................................. 2

3.5 Defi n i t ion s ............................................................................................................. 2

4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES:SCOPE AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS ...................................... 5

4.1 Mini mu m Requ ir ement s ........................................................................................ 5

4.1.1* Appl icati on ............................................................................................... 54.1.2 Accessibl e Sites and Exterior Facil it ies: New Const ru cti on .................... 54.1.3 Accessibl e Bui ldi ngs: New Constr uct ion .................................................. 7

4.1.4 (Reserved) ................................................................................................. 104.1.5 Accessi ble Bu i ldings: Addi ti ons ............................................................. 10

4.1.6 Accessi ble Bu il dings: Al ter ati ons. .......................................................... 114.1.7 Accessible Bu il din gs: Hist ori c Preservati on .......................................... 13

4.2 Space Al lowance and Reach Ranges ................................................................... 144.3 Accessi bl e Route ................................................................................................. 15

4.4 Prot ru ding Objects .............................................................................................. 214.5 Grou nd and Floor Sur faces ................................................................................. 22

4.6 Park in g and Passenger Loadin g Zon es............................................................... 24

4.7 Cur b Ramps ......................................................................................................... 264.8 Ramps .................................................................................................................. 27

4.9 Stai rs .................................................................................................................... 304.10 El evato rs ............................................................................................................ 30

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4.11 Plat for m L i fts (Wheelchair Li fts ) ....................................................................... 36

4.12 Win dows ............................................................................................................. 364.13 Door s .................................................................................................................. 36

4.14 En t rances ........................................................................................................... 404.15 Drink ing Fount ain s and Water Cool ers ............................................................ 404.16 Water Closets ..................................................................................................... 40

4.17 Toil et Stal ls ........................................................................................................ 414.18 Uri nals ................................................................................................................ 44

4.19 Lavator ies and Mi rr ors ...................................................................................... 444.20 Bathtu bs ............................................................................................................. 45

4.21 Shower Stal ls ..................................................................................................... 454.22 Toil et Room s ...................................................................................................... 454.23 Bath room s, Bath in g Facil it ies, and Shower Room s ......................................... 48

4.24 Sin k s .................................................................................................................. 494.25 Storage ............................................................................................................... 49

4.26 Handrai ls , Grab Bars , and Tub and Shower Seats ............................................ 50

4.27 Contr ol s and Operati ng Mechani sms ............................................................... 514.28 Al arm s ................................................................................................................ 524.29 Detectable Warnings .......................................................................................... 534.30 Si gnage ............................................................................................................... 53

4.31 Telephon es ......................................................................................................... 544.32 Fixed or Bui l t-i n Seating and Tables ................................................................. 56

4.33 Assembly Ar eas ................................................................................................. 564.34 Au tomated Tel ler Machi nes ............................................................................... 58

4.35 Dressin g and Fit ti ng Rooms .............................................................................. 58

5. RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS ................................................ 59

6. MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES ......................................................... 60

7. BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE ....................................................... 61

8. LIBRARIES ................................................................................... 62

9. ACCESSIBLE TRANSIENT LODGING ............................................. 63

10.TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES .................................................... 67

APPENDIX ......................................................................................... A1

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1. PURPOSE. 2. GENERAL.

3. MISCELLANEOUSINSTRUCTIONS ANDDEFINITIONS.

3.1 Graphic Conventions. Graphicconvent ions are shown in Table 1. Dimen-sions that are not marked minimum ormaximum are absolut e, un less otherwiseindicated in the text or captions.

This docum ent sets guidel ines for accessibi l -

i ty to places of publ ic accomm odat ion and commercia l faci l i t ies by in div iduals wi th disa bil it ies. These guidelines are to be applied durin g the design, constru ction, and alt er- at ion of such bui ld ings an d faci l i t ies to the extent required by regula tions issued by Federal agencies, includin g th e Departm ent of Ju stice, un der the American s with Disabi l i t ies Act of 1990.

The techn ical specif ications 4.2 throu gh 4.35,of these guidel ines are the sam e as those of the American Nationa l Stan dard Insti tut e’s docum ent A117.1-1980, except as n oted in th is text by ita lics. However, sections 4.1.1 th rou gh

4.1.7 and sections 5 thr ough 10 are different from ANSI A117.1 in t heir entirety a nd a re print ed in sta ndar d type.

The i l lustra tions an d text of ANSI A117.1 are reproduced with perm ission from th e Ameri- can Nat iona l Standa rds Insti tut e. Copies of the standard m ay be purchased from the American Nat ional Standards Inst i tu te at 1430 Br oadw ay, New York , New York 10018.

2.1 Provisions for Adults. The specifica-

tions in these guidel ines are based upon adu lt dimensions and an thropometr ics.

2.2* Equivalent Facilitation. Depart ures from par t icu lar technical and scoping requi rements of this guidel ine by th e use of other designs a nd t echn ologies are perm itted wh ere the alt ernati ve designs an d techn ologies used wi l l provide substant ia l ly equivalent or greater access to and usa bi l i ty of th e faci l i ty.

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3.2 Dimensional Tolerances. All dimen-sions are subject to conventional buildingindustr y tolerances for field condit ions.

3.3 Notes. The text of th ese gui delines does

not contain notes or footnotes. Additionalin formation , explanations, and advisorymaterials are located in the Appendix. Para-graphs marked with an asterisk have related,nonmandatory material in the Appendix. Inthe Appendix, the corresponding paragraphnumbers are preceded by an A.

3.4 General Terminology.

comply wi th. Meet one or more specificationsof th ese gui delines .

if, if ... then. Denotes a specifi cation t hatapplies only when the condit ions described

are present .

may. Denotes an option or alternative.

shall. Denotes a mandatory specification orrequirement.

should. Denotes an advisory specification orrecommendation.

3.5 Definitions.

Access Aisle. An accessible pedestr ian spacebetween elements, such as parking spaces,

seating, and desks, that pr ovides clearancesappropriate for use of the elements.

Accessible. Describes a site, building, facil ity,or portion thereof that complies with these guidel ines.

Accessible Element. An element specified bythese guidel ines (for example, telephone,controls, and the li ke).

Accessible Route. A continuous unob-structed path connecting all accessibleelements and spaces of a bui lding or facil ity.Interior accessible routes may include corri -dors, floors, ramps, elevators, lifts, and clearfloor space at fi xtur es. Exterior accessiblerout es may include park ing access aisles,curb r amps, crosswa lks at vehicu lar w ays ,walks, ramps, and li fts.

3.4 General Terminology

Access i b l e Spa ce. Space that com plies wit h th ese gui delines.

Adaptability. The abili ty of certain bui ldingspaces and elements, such as ki tchen

coun ters, sin ks, and grab bars, to be added oraltered so as to accommodate the needs ofind iv iduals wi th or wi th out d isabi l i t ies or toaccommodate the needs of persons withdifferent t ypes or degrees of disabil ity.

Ad d i t i o n . An expansion , extension, or in-

crease in t he gross floor area of a bu i lding or fac i l i ty .

Administrative Authority. A governmentalagency that adopts or enforces regulationsand guidel ines for the design, construct ion, oral terat ion of buildings and facilities.

A l t e r a t i o n . An al terat ion is a chan ge to a bui ldin g or faci l i t y m ade by, on behalf of, or

for the use of a publ ic accomm odation or comm ercial faci l i ty, tha t affects or could

affect the usabi l i t y of the bui ldin g or faci l i ty or pa rt thereof. Alterati ons in clude, but are

not l im ited to, remodel ing, renovation , reha - bi l i ta t ion, reconstru ction, histori c restorat ion,

changes or rearran gement of th e structura l part s or elements, and cha nges or rearra nge-

ment in th e plan conf igurat ion of wa l ls and fu l l -he ight part i t ions. Norm al ma intenance,

reroofing, pain ting or w al lpa pering, or changes to m echanica l and electr ica l sys-

tems ar e not alteration s unl ess they affect the usabi l i t y of the bui ldin g or faci l i ty .

Area o f Rescue Ass i s t an ce. An area, wh ich ha s direct access to an exit, wh ere people who

are unable to use sta i rs ma y remain tempo- rar i ly in safety to aw ai t fur ther instruct ions or assista nce durin g emergency evacu ation .

Assembly Area. A room or space accommodat-ing a group of individuals for recreational,educational, polit ical, social, or amusementpurposes, or for th e consumption of food anddrink.

Automatic Door. A door equipped with apower-operated mechanism and controls t hatopen and close the door automatically uponreceipt of a momentary actuating signal. Theswitch that begins the automatic cycle may bea photoelectr ic device, floor mat, or manualswitch (see power-assisted door).

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Building. Any structu re used and intended forsupporti ng or sheltering any use or occupancy.

Circulation Path. An exterior or interior wayof passage from one place to another for

pedestrians, including, but not l imi ted to,walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways, andstair landings.

Clear. Unobstructed.

C lea r F l oo r Space . The min imu m unob- stru cted floor or gr ound space required to

accommodate a single, stati ona ry wh eelchair and occupant.

C losed C i r cu i t Tel ephon e. A telephone w ith

dedicated lin e(s) such a s a hou se phon e,courtesy phon e or phone tha t must be used to gain entran ce to a fac i l i ty .

Common Use. Refers to those in terior andexterior rooms, spaces, or elements t hat aremade avail able for the use of a restr ict ed groupof people (for example, occupant s of a hom e- less shelter , the occupants of an office bui ld-ing, or the guests of such occupants).

Cross Slope. The slope that is perpendicularto the direction of travel (see running slope).

Curb Ramp. A short ramp cutting through acurb or built up to it.

De tec tab l e War n i ng . A standa rdized surface featu re bui l t in or a ppl ied to walk ing surfa ces or other elements to w arn visual ly im pai red

people of ha zards on a circula tion pat h.

Dwelling Unit. A single uni t whi ch provides ak itchen or food preparation area, in addit ion t orooms and spaces for living, bathing, sleeping,and the lik e.Dwel l ing uni ts in c lude a sing le fami ly home or a town house used as a transient group home; an a partm ent bui ld ing

used as a shelter; guestroom s in a hot el tha t provide sleeping a ccomm odation s and food

prepara tion areas; an d other simi la r faci l i t ies used on a t ran sient basis. For purposes of

th ese gui delines, use of the term “ Dwel l ing Un i t ” does not im ply th e un it is used as a residence.

Eg ress , Mean s o f . A cont inuous an d unobstructed way of exi t trave l from a ny point in a

bui ld ing or fac i l i ty to a publ ic wa y. A m eans of egress comprises vert ica l an d horizont al

trave l and m ay inc lude intervening room spaces, doorw ay s, ha l lw ay s, corr idors, pas-

sageway s, balconies, ram ps, stai rs, enclosures,lobbies, horizon tal exi ts, court s an d ya rds. An

accessible means of egress is one tha t com -

pl ies with these guidel ines and does not inclu de stair s, steps, or escala tors. Areas of rescue assistance or evacuati on elevators may be inclu ded as part of accessible means of egress.

E l emen t . An arch i tectura l or m echanica l component of a buil din g, facil i ty , space, or sit e,

e.g., telephone, cur b ra mp, door, drin kin g founta in, seati ng, or w ater closet.

En t r a n ce . Any access point t o a bui ld ing or portion of a bui ldin g or faci l i t y used for the purpose of enterin g. An entran ce includes the

approa ch wa lk, the vertical access leading to the entran ce platform , the entran ce platform

itself, vestibul es if provided, the entr y door(s) or gate(s), an d th e hardw are of the entry door(s)

or ga te(s).

Fac i l i t y . Al l or any portion of bui ldin gs, stru c- tu res, site im provements, complexes, equip-

ment, roads, w alk s, passagewa ys, park ing lots,or oth er real or personal property located on a

site.

Ground F l o o r. Any occupiable floor less tha n one story a bove or below grade with direct

access to grade. A bui ldin g or faci l i ty a lw ay s has a t least one ground f loor and ma y ha ve

more tha n one ground floor as wh ere a spl i t level ent ran ce ha s been provided or wh ere a

bui ldin g is bui l t in to a hi l ls ide.

Mezzan i n e o r Mezzan i n e F loo r . That port ion of a story w hich is a n in termediate floor level

p laced wi th in th e story an d having occupiab le space above and below its floor.

Marked Crossing. A crosswalk or otheridenti fied path in tended for pedestri an use incrossing a vehicular way.

Multifamily Dwelling. Any building contain-ing more than two dwelli ng unit s.

Occup iab l e . A room or enclosed space designed for hum an occupancy in which ind i -

vidua ls congregate for amusement, educa - t ional or simi lar purposes, or in w hich occu-

pan ts are engaged at la bor, an d wh ich is equipped wit h mean s of egress, l ight, and

vent i la t ion.

3.5 Definitions

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Operable Part. A part of a piece of equipmentor appliance used to in sert or wit hdraw objects,or to activate, deactivate, or adjust the equip-ment or appliance (for example, coin slot,pushbutton, handle).

Pa th o f Tr a vel . (Reserved).

Power-assisted Door. A door used for hum an passage with a mechanism that helps to openthe door, or relieves the opening resistance of adoor, upon t he activation of a switch or acontinued force applied to the door itself.

Public Use. Describes interior or exteriorrooms or spaces that are made available to thegeneral public. Public use may be provided at abuilding or facili ty that is privately or publiclyowned.

Ramp. A walk ing surface which has a runningslope greater than 1:20.

Running Slope. The slope that is parall el tothe direction of travel (see cross slope).

Service Entrance. An entr ance in tendedprimaril y for delivery of goods or services.

Signage. Displayed verbal, symbolic, tact i le ,and pictorial information.

Site. A parcel of land bounded by a propertyli ne or a designated porti on of a public

right-of-way.Site Improvement. Landscaping, paving forpedestri an and vehicular ways, outdoor l ight-ing, recreational facili ties, and t he li ke, addedto a site.

Sleeping Accommodations. Rooms in whichpeople sleep; for example, dormitory and hotelor motel guest rooms or suites.

Space . A defin able ar ea, e.g., room , toi let

room , hal l , assembly area, entra nce, storage room , alcove, court ya rd, or lobby.

Sto ry . That port ion of a bui ld ing inc luded betw een t he upper surface of a floor a nd u pper sur face of the floor or r oof next abov e. If such

portion of a bu i lding does not in clude occupi-

abl e space, it is n ot con sidered a st ory for purposes of these guidel ines. There ma y be

more than one floor level wi th in a story as in the case of a m ezzan ine or mezzanin es.

Structural Frame. The structural frame shallbe considered to be the columns and thegirders, beams, trusses and spandrels havingdirect connections to the columns and allother members which are essent ial to thestabili ty of the bui lding as a whole.

Tactile. Describes an object th at can beperceived using the sense of touch.

Text Teleph on e. Ma chinery or equipment

tha t employs in teractive graph ic (i .e., typed) communicat ions through the transmiss ion of

coded signals a cross the standa rd telephone

netw ork . Text telephon es can in clu de, for example, devices k now n as TDD ’ s (telecommu - nica tion display devices or telecomm un ica-

tion devices for deaf person s) or com put ers.

T ran s i e n t Lodg i n g. A bu i lding, faci l i t y, or portion thereof, excluding i npat ient m edical

care faci l i t ies, tha t conta ins one or more dwel l ing uni t s or sleeping accomm odat ions.Transient lodging m ay in clude, but is not l im ited to, resorts, group h omes, hotels,

m otels, an d dorm itories.

Vehicular Way. A route in tended for vehicular

traffic, such as a street, dri veway, or park inglot.

Walk. An exterior pathway wit h a preparedsur face in tended for pedestri an use, includinggeneral pedestr ian areas such as plazas andcourts.

NOTE: Sections 4.1.1 th rough 4.1.7 aredifferent from ANSI A117.1 in t heir enti rety andare prin ted in standard type (ANSI A117.1 doesnot include scoping provisions).

3.5 Definitions

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4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL

REQUIREMENTS.

4.1 Minimum Requirements

4.1.1* Application.

(1) General. Al l areas of newly designed ornewly constructed buildings and facili tiesrequired to be accessible by 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 andaltered porti ons of existi ng buildings andfacil it ies required to be accessible by 4.1.6shall comply with these guidelines, 4.1through 4.35, unless otherwise provided in

th is section or as modified in a special applica-tion section.

(2) Application Based on Building Use.Special application sections 5 th rough 10provide additi onal requir ements for restau-rants and cafeterias, medical care facilities,busin ess and mercantil e, libraries, accessibletransient lodging, and transportation facilities.When a building or facil ity contains more thanone use covered by a special applicationsection, each portion shall comply wit h therequirements for that use.

(3)* Areas Used Only by Em ployees as Work

Areas. Areas that are used only as work areasshall be designed and constructed so thatindividuals with disabilities can approach,enter, and exit t he areas. These guidelines donot require that any areas used only as workareas be constru cted to permit maneuveringwithin the work area or be constructed orequipped (i.e., with racks or shelves) to beaccessible.

(4) Temporary Structures. These guidelinescover temporary bui ldings or facil it ies as wellas permanent facil it ies. Temporary buildingsand facil it ies are not of permanent construc-tion but are extensively used or are essentialfor publ ic use for a period of time. Examples oftemporary buil dings or facili ties covered bythese guidelines include, but are not limi ted to:reviewing stands, temporary classrooms,bleacher areas, exhibit areas, temporarybanking facilities, temporary health screeningservices, or temporary safe pedestrian passage-ways around a constructi on site. Structures,

sites and equipment directly associated withthe actual processes of construction , such asscaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, orconstruction trailers are not included.

(5) General Exceptions.

(a) In new construction , a person or ent ity isnot requi red to meet fully the requi rements ofthese guidelines where that person or entit ycan demonstrate that it is structurally imprac-ticable to do so. Full compliance wil l be consid-ered structurally impracticable only in thoserare circumstances when the unique charac-teristics of terrain prevent the incorporation ofaccessibil ity features. If full compliance withthe requirements of these guidelines is struc-turally impracticable, a person or ent ity shallcomply with the requirements to the extent itis not structurally impracticable. Any portion

of the building or facili ty which can be madeaccessible shall comply to the extent that it i snot str ucturally i mpracticable.

(b) Accessibil ity is not requi red to (i) obser-vation galleries used primaril y for securi typurposes; or (ii) in non-occupiable spacesaccessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawlspaces, very narrow passageways, or freight(non-passenger) elevators, and frequented onlyby service personnel for repair purposes; suchspaces include, but are not l imited to, elevatorpits, elevator penthouses, piping or equipmentcatwalks.

4.1.2 Accessible Sites and ExteriorFacilities: New Construction. An accessiblesite shall meet the following minimum requir e-ments:

(1) At least one accessible rou te complyingwith 4.3 shall be provided within the boundaryof the site from publi c transportation stops,accessible park ing spaces, passenger loadingzones if provided, and public streets or side-walks, to an accessible bui lding entrance.

(2) At least one accessible rou te complyingwith 4.3 shall connect accessible buil dings,

accessible facilities, accessible elements, andaccessible spaces that are on the same sit e.

(3) All objects that prot rude from sur faces orposts into circulation paths shall comply with4.4.

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(4) Ground sur faces along accessible routesand in accessible spaces shall comply wi th 4.5.

(5) (a) If parking spaces are provided forself-park ing by employees or visi tors, or both,

then accessible spaces complying wi th 4.6shall be provided in each such park ing area inconformance with the table below. Spacesrequired by the table need not be provided inthe parti cular lot. They may be provided in adifferent location i f equivalent or greateraccessibil ity, in terms of distance from anaccessible entrance, cost and convenience isensured.

Required Total Parking Minimum Number

in Lot of Accessible Spaces

1 to 25 1

26 to 50 251 to 75 3

76 to 100 4101 to 150 5151 to 200 6201 to 300 7301 to 400 8401 to 500 9

501 to 1000 2 percent of total1001 and over 20, plus 1 for each

100 over 1000

Except as provided in (b), access aisles adja-cent to accessibl e spaces shall be 60 in (1525

mm) wide min imum.

(b) One in every eight accessibl e spaces, butnot less than one, shall be served by an accessaisle 96 in (2440 mm) wide minimum and shallbe designated “van accessible” as requi red by4.6.4. The vert ical clearance at such spacesshall comply with 4.6.5. All such spaces maybe grouped on one level of a park ing structure.

EXCEPTION: Provision of all required park ingspaces in conformance with “Universal Park -ing Design” (see appendix A4.6.3) is permi tted.

(c) If passenger loading zones are provided,

then at least one passenger loading zone shallcomply with 4.6.6.

(d) At facili ties providing medical care andother services for persons with mobilityimpairments, park ing spaces complying with4.6 shall be provided in accordance with

4.1.2(5)(a) except as follows:

(i) Outpatient un it s and facili ties: 10percent of the total number of parking spacesprovided serving each such outpatient unit or

facility;

(ii) Uni ts and facil it ies that specialize intreatment or services for persons with mobil -ity impairments: 20 percent of the total num-ber of park ing spaces provided serving eachsuch uni t or facili ty.

(e)* Valet park ing: Valet park ing facil it iesshall provide a passenger loading zone com-plying with 4.6.6 located on an accessibleroute to the entrance of the facil ity. Para-graphs 5(a), 5(b), and 5(d) of thi s section donot apply to valet parki ng facil it ies.

(6) If toilet facil it ies are provided on a site,then each such public or common use toiletfacili ty shall comply with 4.22. If bathingfacilities are provided on a site, then eachsuch public or common use bathing facili tyshall comply with 4.23.

For single user portable toilet or bathing unitsclustered at a single location, at least 5% butno less than one toilet uni t or bathing unitcomplying with 4.22 or 4.23 shall be installedat each cluster whenever typical inaccessibleun its are provided.

Accessible uni ts shall be ident ified by theInternational Symbol of Accessibil it y.

EXCEPTION: Portable toi let uni ts at construc-tion sites used exclusively by constructionpersonnel are not required to comply with4.1.2(6).

(7) Building Signage. Signs which designatepermanent rooms and spaces shall complywith 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and 4.30.6. Othersigns which provide direction to, or informa-tion about, functional spaces of the buildingshall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and4.30.5. Elements and spaces of accessible

facili ties which shall be identi fied by theInternational Symbol of Accessibility andwhich shall comply with 4.30.7 are:

(a) Parking spaces designated as reservedfor individuals with disabili ties;

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(b) Accessible passenger loading zones;

(c) Accessible entrances when not all areaccessible (inaccessible entrances shall havedirectional signage to indicate the route to the

nearest accessible ent rance);

(d) Accessible toi let and bathing facil it ieswhen not all are accessible.

4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction. Accessible bui ldings andfacili ties shall meet th e following min imumrequirements:

(1) At least one accessible rou te complyingwith 4.3 shall connect accessible buil ding orfacil ity entrances with all accessible spacesand elements withi n the buildin g or facility.

(2) All objects that overhang or prot rude in tocirculation paths shall comply with 4.4.

(3) Ground and floor sur faces along acces-sible routes and in accessible rooms andspaces shall comply with 4.5.

(4) Interior and exterior stairs connectinglevels that are not connected by an elevator,ramp, or other accessible means of verticalaccess shall comply with 4.9.

(5)* One passenger elevator complying with4.10 shall serve each level, including mezza-

nines, in all mul ti-story buildings and facili tiesun less exempted below. If more than oneelevator i s provided, each fu ll passengerelevator shall comply with 4.10.

EXCEPTION 1: Elevators are not r equir ed infacil it ies that are less than three stories or thathave less than 3000 square feet per storyun less the building is a shopping center, ashopping mall , or the professional office of ahealth care provider, or another t ype of facil it yas determined by the Attorney General. Theelevator exemption set fort h i n t his paragraphdoes not obviate or l im it in any way the obliga-tion to comply with the other accessibilit y

requirements established in section 4.1.3. Forexample, floors above or below the accessibleground floor must meet the requirements ofthis section except for elevator service. If toiletor bathing facil it ies are provided on a level notserved by an elevator, then toi let or bath ingfacil it ies must be provided on the accessible

ground fl oor. In new construction i f a buildingor facili ty is eligible for t his exemption but aful l passenger elevator is nonetheless planned,that elevator shall meet the requirements of4.10 and shall serve each level in the bui lding.

A full passenger elevator that provides servicefrom a garage to only one level of a bui ldi ng orfacil ity is not requi red to serve other levels.

EXCEPTION 2: Elevator pit s, elevator pent-houses, mechanical rooms, piping or equip-ment catwalks are exempted from th is requi re-ment.

EXCEPTION 3: Accessible ramps complyingwith 4.8 may be used in li eu of an elevator.

EXCEPTION 4: Platform li fts (wheelchair l ifts)complying with 4.11 of this guidelin e andapplicable state or local codes may be used in

li eu of an elevator only un der the followingconditions:

(a) To provide an accessibl e rout e to aperforming area in an assembly occupancy.(b) To comply wi th the wheelchair viewingpositi on li ne-of-sight and dispersion require-ments of 4.33.3.

(c) To provide access to incidental occupi-able spaces and rooms whi ch are not open tothe general public and which house no morethan five persons, including but not limited toequipment control rooms and projection

booths.

(d) To provide access where exist ing siteconstraint s or other constraints make use of aramp or an elevator infeasible.

(6) Windows: (Reserved).

(7) Doors:

(a) At each accessible entrance to a buildingor facili ty, at least one door shall comply wi th4.13.

(b) Within a bui lding or facili ty, at least one

door at each accessible space shall complywith 4.13.

(c) Each door that is an element of anaccessible route shall comply with 4.13.

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(d) Each door required by 4.3.10, Egress,shall comply with 4.13.

(8) In new constr ucti on, at a minimum, therequirements in (a) and (b) below shall be

satisfied independently:

(a)(i) At least 50% of all publ ic ent rances(excluding those in (b) below) must be acces-sible. At least one must be a ground floorentrance. Public entrances are any entrancesthat are not loading or service entrances.

(ii) Accessible entrances must be providedin a number at least equivalent t o the numberof exits r equi red by the applicable buil ding/firecodes. (This paragraph does not requir e anincrease in the total number of entrancesplanned for a facili ty.)

(iii ) An accessible entrance must be pro-vided to each tenancy in a facility (for example,individual stores in a strip shopping center).

One ent rance may be considered as meetingmore than one of the requirements in (a).Where feasible, accessibl e ent rances shall bethe ent rances used by the major ity of peoplevisiti ng or worki ng in th e building.

(b)(i) In addition, if direct access is providedfor pedestri ans from an enclosed park inggarage to the building, at least one directentrance from the garage to the buil ding must

be accessibl e.

(ii) If access is provided for pedestr iansfrom a pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway,one ent rance to the bui lding from each tunnelor walk way must be accessible.

One ent rance may be considered as meetingmore than one of the requi rements in (b).

Because entrances also serve as emergencyexits whose proximity to all parts of buildingsand facil it ies is essent ial, it is preferable thatall ent rances be accessible.

(c) If the only entr ance to a bui lding, ortenancy in a facility, is a service entrance, thatentrance shall be accessible.

(d) Entrances which are not accessible shallhave directional signage complying with 4.30.1,

4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5, which i ndicates thelocation of the nearest accessible entrance.

(9)* In bui ldings or faciliti es, or portions ofbui ldings or facil it ies, required to be acces-

sibl e, accessibl e means of egress shall beprovided in the same number as required forexits by local bui lding/li fe safety regulations.Where a required exit from an occupiable levelabove or below a level of accessible exit dis-charge is not accessible, an area of rescueassistance shall be provided on each such level(in a number equal to that of inaccessiblerequired exits). Areas of rescue assistanceshall comply with 4.3.11. A horizontal exit,meeting the requirements of local building/lifesafety regulations, shall satisfy the require-ment for an area of rescue assistance.

EXCEPTION: Areas of rescue assistance are

not r equired in buildings or facili ties having asupervised automatic sprinkler system.

(10)* Drink ing Fountains:

(a) Where only one drink ing fountain isprovided on a floor there shall be a drink ingfountain which is accessible to individuals whouse wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 andone accessible to those who have difficul tybending or stooping. (This can be accommo-dated by the use of a “hi -lo” foun tain; byproviding one fountain accessible to th ose whouse wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard

height convenient for those who have diffi cul tybending; by providing a fountain accessibleunder 4.15 and a water cooler; or by such othermeans as would achieve the required accessi-bil it y for each group on each floor.)

(b) Where more than one drink ing fountainor water cooler is provided on a floor, 50% ofthose provided shall comply wit h 4.15 andshall be on an accessible rou te.

(11) Toilet Facil it ies: If toilet rooms areprovided, then each publ ic and common usetoilet room shall comply with 4.22. Other toiletrooms provided for the use of occupants of

specifi c spaces (i.e., a private toi let room forthe occupant of a private office) shall be adapt-able. If bathing rooms are provided, then eachpublic and common use bathroom shallcomply with 4.23. Accessible toi let rooms andbathing facil it ies shall be on an accessibleroute.

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Number of each type Number of telephonesof telephone provided required to comply with

on each floor 4.31.2 through 4.31.81

1 or more s ingle unit 1 per floor

1 bank 2 1 per floor

2 or more bank s2 1 per bank. Accessibleuni t may be installed as asingle unit i n proximity(either visible or withsignage) to the bank.At least one public t ele-phone per floor shall meetthe requirements for aforward reach telephone3.

1 Additional publi c telephones may be installedat any height . Unless otherwise specified,

accessible telephones may be either forward orside reach telephones.

2 A bank consists of two or more adjacentpubli c telephones, often installed as a un it .

3 EXCEPTION: For exterior installations only, ifdial t one first service is available, then a sidereach telephone may be installed instead of therequired forward reach telephone (i.e., onetelephone in proximity to each bank shallcomply with 4.31).

(b)* Al l telephones requi red to be accessibleand complying with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 shall

be equipped with a volume control. In addit ion,25 percent , but never less than one, of all otherpubli c telephones provided shall be equippedwith a volume control and shall be dispersedamong all types of public telephones, includingclosed circui t telephones, throughout thebui lding or facil ity. Signage complying withapplicable provisions of 4.30.7 shall be pro-vided.

(c) The following shall be provided in accor-dance with 4.31.9:

(i) if a total number of four or more publicpay telephones (including both interior andexterior phones) is provided at a site, and atleast one is in an int erior location, then at leastone interior public t ext telephone shall beprovided.

(ii) if an in terior public pay telephone isprovided in a stadium or arena, in a convent ioncenter, in a hotel with a convent ion center, or

(12) Storage, Shelving and Display Uni ts:

(a) If fixed or bui lt -in storage facil it ies suchas cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers areprovided in accessible spaces, at least one of

each type provided shall contain storage spacecomplying with 4.25. Addit ional storage may beprovided outside of the dimensions required by4.25.

(b) Shelves or display uni ts allowingself-service by customers in mercant ile occu-pancies shall be located on an accessible rou tecomplying with 4.3. Requirements for acces-sible reach range do not apply.

(13) Contr ols and operating mechanisms inaccessible spaces, along accessible routes, oras part s of accessible elements (for example,li ght switches and dispenser control s) shall

comply with 4.27.

(14) If emergency warn ing systems areprovided, then they shall include both audiblealarms and visual alarms complying with 4.28.Sleeping accommodations r equi red to complywith 9.3 shall have an alarm system complyingwith 4.28. Emergency warning systems inmedical care facil it ies may be modified to suitstandard health care alarm design practice.

(15) Detectable warn ings shall be provided atlocations as specified in 4.29.

(16) Bui lding Signage:

(a) Signs which designate permanent roomsand spaces shall comply wi th 4.30.1, 4.30.4,4.30.5 and 4.30.6.

(b) Other signs which provide direction to orinformation about functional spaces of thebuilding shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2,4.30.3, and 4.30.5.

EXCEPTION: Building directories, menus, andall other signs which are temporary are notrequired to comply.

(17) Public telephones:

(a) If public pay telephones, public closedcircuit telephones, or other public telephonesare provided, then they shall comply wi th4.31.2 through 4.31.8 to the extent requi red bythe following table:


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in a covered mall, at least one in terior publi ctext telephone shall be provided in the facil it y.

(iii ) if a publi c pay telephone is located in oradjacent to a hospi tal emergency room, hospi-

tal recovery room, or hospital waiti ng room,one publi c text telephone shall be provided ateach such location.

(d) Where a bank of telephones in theint erior of a buil ding consists of three or morepubli c pay telephones, at l east one public paytelephone in each such bank shall be equippedwith a shelf and outl et i n compliance with4.31.9(2).

(18) If fixed or bu il t-in seating or t ables(inclu ding, but not l imi ted to, study carrels andstudent laboratory stations), are provided inaccessible public or common use areas, at

least five percent (5%), but not less than one, ofthe fixed or bu il t-in seating areas or tables shallcomply with 4.32. An accessible rou te shalllead to and th rough such fi xed or buil t-inseating areas, or t ables.

(19)* Assembly areas:

(a) In places of assembly with fi xed seatingaccessible wheelchair locations shall complywith 4.33.2, 4.33.3, and 4.33.4 and shall beprovided consistent wi th the following table:

Capacity of Seating Number of Required

in Assembly Areas Wheelchair Locations

4 to 25 126 to 50 2

51 to 300 4301 to 500 6over 500 6, plus 1 addit ional space

for each t otal seatingcapacit y increase of 100

In addition , one percent, but not less than one,of all fi xed seats shall be aisle seats with noarmrests on the aisle side, or removable orfolding armrests on the aisle side. Each suchseat shall be ident ified by a sign or marker.

Signage noti fying patrons of the availabili ty ofsuch seats shall be posted at the ticket office.Aisle seats are not requi red to comply wi th4.33.4.

(b) This paragraph applies to assembly areaswhere audible communications are integral tothe use of the space (e.g., concert and lecturehalls, playhouses and movietheaters, meetingrooms, etc.). Such assembly areas, if (1) they

accommodate at least 50 persons, or if theyhave audio-amplification systems, and (2) theyhave fixed seating, shall have a permanentl yinstalled assistive listening system complyingwith 4.33. For other assembly areas, a perma-nentl y installed assistive li stening system, oran adequate number of electri cal outl ets orother supplementary wiri ng necessary tosupport a portable assistive li stening systemshall be provided. The min imu mnumber of receivers to be provided shall beequal t o 4 percent of the total number of seats,but in no case less than two. Signage comply-ing with applicable provisions of 4.30 shall beinstalled to noti fy patrons of the availabil ity of a

listening system.

(20) Where automated tell er machines (ATMs)are provided, each ATM shall comply wi th therequirements of 4.34 except where two or moreare provided at a location , then only one mustcomply.

EXCEPTION: Drive-up-only automated tellermachines are not requi red to comply wi th4.27.2, 4.27.3 and 4.34.3.

(21) Where dressing and f it ting rooms areprovided for use by the general publ ic, patients,

customers or employees, 5 percent, but neverless than one, of dressing rooms for each typeof use in each cluster of dressing rooms shallbe accessible and shall comply wi th 4.35.

Examples of types of dressing rooms are thoseserving different genders or di stinct anddifferent functions as in different treatment orexamination facilities.

4.1.4 (Reserved).

4.1.5 Accessible Buildings: Additions.Each additi on to an existing building or facili tyshall be regarded as an alteration . Each space

or element added to the existi ng buil ding orfacility shall comply with the applicable provi-sions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3, Minimum Requirements(for New Construction ) and the appli cabletechnical specifications of 4.2 thr ough 4.35 andsections 5 through 10. Each addition that


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affects or could affect the usabili ty of an areacontaining a prim ary function shall complywith 4.1.6(2).

4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations.

(1) General. Alterations to exist ing buildingsand facil iti es shall comply with the following:

(a) No alteration shall be undertaken whichdecreases or has the effect of decreasingaccessibilit y or usabili ty of a building or facili tybelow the requirements for new constructi on atthe time of alteration.

(b) If existing elements, spaces, or commonareas are alt ered, then each such alt eredelement, space, feature, or area shall complywith the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3

Minimum Requirements (for New Construc-tion). If the applicable provision for new con-struction requi res that an element, space, orcommon area be on an accessible route, thealtered element, space, or common area is notrequired to be on an accessible route except asprovided in 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an AreaContaining a Primary Function .)

(c) If alterations of single elements, whenconsidered together, amoun t to an alteration ofa room or space in a bui lding or facil it y, theenti re space shall be made accessible.

(d) No alteration of an existing element,

space, or area of a buil ding or facil it y shallimpose a requirement for greater accessibil it ythan that which would be required for newconstructi on. For example, if t he elevators andstairs in a buil ding are being altered and theelevators are, in t urn, being made accessible,then no accessibility modifications are requiredto the stairs connecting levels connected by theelevator. If stair modifi cations to correct unsafecondit ions are required by other codes, themodifications shall be done in compliance withthese guidelines unless technically infeasible.

(e) At least one in terior publ ic text telephonecomplying with 4.31.9 shall be provided if:

(i) alterations to existing bui ldings orfacili ties with l ess than four exterior or interiorpubli c pay telephones would i ncrease the totalnumber to four or more telephones with atleast one in an in terior l ocation; or

(ii) alterations to one or more exterior orinterior public pay telephones occur in anexisting building or facili ty with four or morepubli c telephones with at least one in aninterior location.

(f) If an escalator or stair is planned orinstalled where none existed previously andmajor structu ral modifications are necessaryfor such installation, then a means of acces-sible vertical access shall be provided thatcomplies with the applicable provisions of 4.7,4.8, 4.10, or 4.11.

(g) In alterations, the requirements of4.1.3(9), 4.3.10 and 4.3.11 do not apply.

(h)* Ent rances: If a planned alteration entailsalterations to an entr ance, and the buil ding hasan accessible entrance, the entrance being

altered is not requir ed to comply wi th 4.1.3(8),except t o the extent r equi red by 4.1.6(2). If apart icu lar entr ance is not made accessible,appropriate accessible signage indicating thelocation of the nearest accessible entrance(s)shall be installed at or near the inaccessibleentrance, such that a person with di sabil it ieswil l n ot be required to retrace the approachroute from the inaccessible entrance.

(i) If the alteration work is l imi ted solely tothe electrical, mechanical, or plumbing system,or t o hazardous m aterial abatement, or auto-matic sprink ler retrofitti ng, and does not

involve the alteration of any elements or spacesrequired to be accessible under these guide-lines, then 4.1.6(2) does not apply.

(j) EXCEPTION: In alteration work , if compl i-ance with 4.1.6 is technically in feasible, thealteration shall provide accessibil ity to themaximum extent feasible. Any elements orfeatur es of the building or facili ty that are beingaltered and can be made accessible shall bemade accessible within the scope of the alter-ation.

Technically Infeasible. Means, with respect toan alteration of a bui lding or a facil ity, that i t

has lit tle l ikelihood of being accomplishedbecause existing structur al conditions wouldrequire removing or altering a load-bearingmember which i s an essent ial part of thestructur al frame; or because other existi ngphysical or site constraints prohibi tmodifi cation or additi on of elements, spaces, or

4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alteration

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features which are in full and str ict compliancewith the minimum requirements for newconstructi on and which are necessary toprovide accessibil ity.

(k) EXCEPTION:

(i) These guidelines do not require theinstallation of an elevator in an altered facil itythat is less than three stories or has less than3,000 square feet per story unless the bui ldingis a shopping center, a shopping mall , theprofessional office of a health care provider, oranother type of facil it y as determined by theAttorney General.

(ii) The exemption provided in paragraph (i)does not obviate or l im it in any way the obliga-tion to comply with the other accessibilit yrequirements established in these guidelines.

For example, alterations to floors above orbelow the ground floor must be accessibleregardless of whether the altered facility has anelevator. If a facil it y subject to the elevatorexemption set fort h i n paragraph (i) nonethe-less has a full passenger elevator, that elevatorshall m eet, to the maximum extent feasible, theaccessibil ity requirements of these guidelines.

(2) Alterations to an Area Containing aPrimary Function: In addition to the require-ments of 4.1.6(1), an alteration that affects orcould affect t he usabili ty of or access to an areacontain ing a primary functi on shall be made so

as to ensure that, to the maximum extentfeasibl e, the path of travel to the altered areaand the restrooms, telephones, and drink ingfountains serving the altered area, are readilyaccessible to and usable by individuals wi thdisabili ties, unless such alterations are dispro-porti onate to the overall alterations in terms ofcost and scope (as determined under cr it eriaestablished by the Attorney General).

(3) Special Technical Provisions for Alter-ations to Existing Buildings and Facilities:

(a) Ramps: Curb ramps and interior orexterior ramps to be constructed on sites or in

exist ing bui ldings or facil it ies where spacelimi tations prohibit t he use of a 1:12 slope orless may have slopes and ri ses as foll ows:

(i) A slope between 1:10 and 1:12 is allowedfor a maximum ri se of 6 inches.

(ii) A slope between 1:8 and 1:10 is all owedfor a maximum rise of 3 inches. A slope steeperthan 1:8 is not all owed.

(b) Stairs: Full extension of handrails at

stairs shall not be required in alterations wheresuch extensions wou ld be hazardous orimpossible due to plan configuration.

(c) Elevators:

(i) If safety door edges are provided inexisting automatic elevators, automatic doorreopenin g devices may be omi tted (see 4.10.6).

(ii) Where existi ng shaft configuration ortechnical in feasibili ty prohibits strict compli-ance with 4.10.9, the min imum car plan dimen-sions may be reduced by the minimum amountnecessary, but i n n o case shall t he inside car

area be smaller than 48 in by 48 in.

(iii ) Equivalent facil itation m ay be providedwith an elevator car of different dimensionswhen usabil ity can be demonstrated and whenall other elements required to be accessiblecomply wit h the applicable provisions of 4.10.For example, an elevator of 47 in by 69 in (1195mm by 1755 mm) with a door opening on thenarrow dimension, could accommodate thestandard wheelchair clearances shown inFigure 4.

(d) Doors:

(i) Where it i s technically in feasible tocomply with clear opening width requir ementsof 4.13.5, a projection of 5/8 in maximum wil lbe permit ted for the latch side stop.

(ii) If existi ng thr esholds are 3/4 in high orless, and have (or are modif ied to have) abeveled edge on each side, they may remain .

(e) Toilet Rooms:

(i) Where it i s technically in feasible tocomply with 4.22 or 4.23, the installation of atleast one un isex toilet/bathroom per floor,

located in the same area as existing toiletfacili ties, will be permi tted in lieu of modifyingexisting toilet facil it ies to be accessible. Eachunisex toilet room shall contain one watercloset complying with 4.16 and one lavatorycomplying with 4.19, and the door shall have aprivacy latch.

4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations

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(ii) Where it is technically infeasible toinstall a required standard stall (Fig. 30(a)), orwhere other codes prohibit reduction of thefixture count (i.e., removal of a water closet inorder to create a double-wide stall), either

alternate stall (Fig.30(b)) may be provided in lieuof the standard stall .

(iii ) When exist ing toi let or bathing facil it iesare being alt ered and are not made accessible,signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3,4.30.5, and 4.30.7 shall be provided indicatingthe location of the nearest accessible toilet orbathing facili ty with in the facili ty.

(f) Assembly Areas:

(i) Where it i s technically in feasible todisperse accessible seating th roughout analtered assembly area, accessible seating areas

may be clustered. Each accessibl e seating areashall have provisions for companion seatingand shall be located on an accessible rou te thatalso serves as a means of emergency egress.

(ii) Where it i s technicall y in feasible to alterall performing areas to be on an accessibleroute, at least one of each type of performingarea shall be made accessible.

(g) Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts): Inalterations, platform lifts (wheelchair lifts)complying with 4.11 and applicable state orlocal codes may be used as part of an acces-

sible route. The use of lifts is not limited to thefour conditions in exception 4 of 4.1.3(5)

(h) Dressing Rooms: In alterations wheretechnical infeasibi li ty can be demonst rated, onedressing room for each sex on each level shallbe made accessible. Where only un isex dress-ing rooms are provided, accessible unisexdressing rooms may be used to ful fil l th isrequirement.

4.1.7 Accessible Buildings: HistoricPreservation.

(1) Applicabil ity:

(a) General Rule. Alterations to a qualifiedhistori c building or facili ty shall comply with4.1.6 Accessible Buil dings: Alterations, theapplicable technical specifications of 4.2

through 4.35 and the applicable special applica-tion sections 5 through 10 unless it is deter-mined in accordance with t he procedures in4.1.7(2) that compliance with the requirementsfor accessible rou tes (exterior and interior ),

ramps, ent rances, or toil ets would th reaten ordestroy the historic significance of the buildingor facili ty in which case the alternative require-ments in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.

EXCEPTION: (Reserved).

(b) Defini tion. A quali fied historic building orfacili ty is a building or facility that is:

(i) Listed in or eligible for li sting in theNational Register of Historic Places; or

(ii) Designated as historic under an appro-priate State or local law.

(2) Procedures:

(a) Alterations to Quali fied Historic Buildingsand Facil it ies Subject to Section 106 of theNational Historic Preservation Act:

(i) Section 106 Process. Section 106 of theNational Hi stor ic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C.470 f) requires that a Federal agency wi th

jur isdict ion over a Federal, federal ly assist ed, orfederall y licensed undertaking consider theeffects of the agency’s undertaking on buildingsand facil iti es li sted in or eligible for l isting in

the National Register of Historic Places and givethe Advisory Counci l on Histori c Preservation areasonable opportunity to comment on theundertaking prior to approval of the undertak-ing.

(ii) ADA Application . Where alterations areundertaken to a qualified historic building orfacili ty that i s subject to section 106 of theNational Historic Preservation Act, the Federalagency with jur isdiction over the undertak ingshall follow t he section 106 process. If the StateHistor ic Preservation Officer or AdvisoryCouncil on Historic Preservation agrees thatcompliance with the requi rements for acces-

sible routes (exterior and int erior), ramps,entrances, or toi lets would threaten or destroythe historic significance of the building orfacil ity, the alternative requirements in 4.1.7(3)may be used for the feature.

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(b) Alterations to Qualified Historic Build-ings and Facil it ies Not Subject to Section 106of the National Historic Preservation Act.Where alterations are undertaken to a quali fiedhistori c buildin g or facili ty that is not subject

to section 106 of the National Historic Preser-vation Act, if the ent ity undertak ing the alter-ations believes that compliance with therequirements for accessible routes (exteriorand int erior), ramps, ent rances, or toil etswould th reaten or destroy the historic signifi-cance of the bui lding or facil it y and that thealternative requirements in 4.1.7(3) should beused for the feature, the ent ity should consultwith the State Histori c Preservation Officer. Ifthe State Historic Preservation Officer agreesthat compliance with the accessibility require-ments for accessible rou tes (exterior andin terior ), ramps, entrances or toi lets wouldthreaten or destroy the historical significance

of the buil ding or facil ity, the alternative re-quirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used.

(c) Consul tation With Interested Persons.Interested persons shou ld be invited to part ici -pate in the consultation process, includingState or local accessibil ity officials, individualswith disabili ties, and organizations represent -ing individuals with disabili ties.

(d) Certifi ed Local Governm ent HistoricPreservation Programs. Where the State His-toric Preservation Officer has delegated theconsultation responsibility for purposes of this

section to a local government h istoric preserva-tion program that has been certi fied in accor-dance with section 101(c) of the NationalHist ori c Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C.470a (c)) and implement ing regulations (36 CFR61.5), the responsibi li ty may be carr ied out bythe appropriate local government body orofficial.

(3) Historic Preservation: Minimum Require-ments:

(a) At least one accessible route complyingwith 4.3 from a site access poin t to an acces-sible ent rance shall be provided.

EXCEPTION: A ramp wit h a slope no greaterthan 1:6 for a run not to exceed 2 ft (610 mm)may be used as part of an accessibl e route toan entrance.

(b) At l east one accessible ent rance comply-ing with 4.14 which is used by the public shallbe provided.

EXCEPTION: If it is determined that no en-

trance used by the publi c can comply with4.14, then access at any ent rance not used bythe general publ ic but open (unlocked) withdirectional signage at the primary ent rancemay be used. The accessible ent rance shallalso have a notifi cation system. Where secur it yis a problem, remote monitoring may be used.

(c) If toilets are provided, then at least onetoilet facili ty complying with 4.22 and 4.1.6shall be provided along an accessible route thatcomplies with 4.3. Such toil et facilit y may beunisex in design.

(d) Accessible routes from an accessible

entrance to all publ icly used spaces on at leastthe level of the accessible entrance shall beprovided. Access shall be provided to all levelsof a building or facili ty in compliance with 4.1whenever practical.

(e) Displays and writ ten in formation , docu-ments, etc., should be located where they canbe seen by a seated person. Exhibit s andsignage displ ayed hor izon tall y (e.g., openbooks), shoul d be no higher than 44 in (1120mm) above the floor surface.

NOTE: The technical provisions of sections 4.2

through 4.35 are the same as those of theAmerican National Standard Instit ute’s docu-ment A117.1-1980, except as noted in the text.

4.2 Space Allowance and ReachRanges.

4.2.1* Wheelchair Passage Width. Themin imum clear width for single wheelchairpassage shall be 32 in (815 mm) at a poin t and36 in (915 mm) continuously (see Fig. 1 and24(e)).

4.2.2 Width for Wheelchair Passing. Themin imum width for two wheelchairs to pass is60 in (1525 mm) (see Fig. 2).

4.2.3* Wheelchair Turning Space. The spacerequi red for a wheelchair to make a 180-degreeturn is a clear space of 60 in (1525 mm)

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diameter (see Fig. 3(a)) or a T-shaped space (seeFig. 3(b)).

4.2.4* Clear Floor or Ground Spacefor Wheelchairs.

4.2.4.1 Size and Approach. The minimumclear fl oor or ground space required to accom-modate a single, stationary wheelchair andoccupant is 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220mm) (see Fig. 4(a)). The minimum clear floor orground space for wheelchairs may be posi-tioned for forward or parallel approach to anobject (see Fig. 4(b) and (c)). Clear floor orground space for wheelchairs may be part of theknee space requi red under some objects.

4.2.4.2 Relationship of Maneuvering Clear-ance to Wheelchair Spaces. One ful l

unobstructed side of the clear floor or groundspace for a wheelchair shall adjoin or overlapan accessible rou te or adjoin another wheel-chair clear floor space. If a clear floor space islocated in an alcove or otherwise confined onall or part of three sides, additi onal maneuver-ing clearances shall be provided as shown inFig. 4(d) and (e).

4.2.4.3 Surfaces for Wheelchair Spaces.Clear floor or ground spaces for wheelchairsshall comply with 4.5.

4.2.5* Forward Reach. If the clear fl oor spaceonly allows forward approach to an object, the

maximum hi gh forward reach allowed shall be48 in (1220 mm) (see Fig. 5(a)). The min im um low forw ard reach is 15 in (380 mm ). If the highforward reach is over an obstructi on, reach andclearances shall be as shown in Fig. 5(b).

4.2.6* Side Reach. If the clear fl oor spaceallows parallel approach by a person in awheelchair, the maximum h igh side reachallowed shall be 54 in (1370 mm) and the lowside reach shall be no less than 9 i n (230 mm)above the floor (Fig. 6(a) and (b)). If the sidereach i s over an obstruction , the reach andclearances shall be as shown in Fig 6(c).

4.3 Accessible Route.

4.3.1* General. All walk s, halls, corridors,aisles, skyw alks, tunn els , and other spaces

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that are part of an accessible route shallcomply with 4.3.

4.3.2 Location.

(1) At least one accessible rou te with in theboundary of the site shall be provided frompubli c transportation stops, accessible park ing,and accessibl e passenger l oading zones, andpubli c streets or sidewalk s to the accessiblebuilding entrance they serve. The accessiblerout e shall, to the maximum extent feasible,coincide with the rout e for the general publi c.

(2) At least one accessible route shall connectaccessible buildings, facil it ies, elements, andspaces that are on the same site.

(3) At least one accessible route shall connectaccessible buil ding or facil it y ent rances with allaccessible spaces and elements and with allaccessible dwelli ng uni ts with in the building orfacility.

(4) An accessible route shall connect at leastone accessibl e ent rance of each accessible

dwelli ng unit with those exterior and in teriorspaces and facilities that serve the accessibledwelling unit.

4.3.3 Width. The minimum clear width of an

accessible route shall be 36 in (915 mm) exceptat doors (see 4.13.5 and 4.13.6). If a person in awheelchair must m ake a tur n around anobstruction, the minimu m clear width of theaccessible rou te shall be as shown in Fig. 7(a)and (b).

4.3.4 Passing Space. If an accessible rou tehas less than 60 in (1525 mm) clear width,then passing spaces at least 60 i n by 60 in(1525 mm by 1525 mm) shall be located atreasonable intervals not to exceed 200 ft (61m). A T-in tersection of two corridors or walk sis an acceptable passing place.

4.3.5 Head Room. Accessible routes shallcomply with 4.4.2.

4.3.6 Surface Textures. The surface of anaccessible route shall comply with 4.5.

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4.3.7 Slope. An accessible route with arunn ing slope greater than 1:20 is a ramp andshall comply with 4.8. Nowhere shall the crossslope of an accessibl e rout e exceed 1:50.

4.3.8 Changes in Levels. Changes in levelsalong an accessible rout e shall comply wi th4.5.2. If an accessible rou te has changes inlevel greater than 1/2 in (13 mm), then a curb

ramp, ramp, elevator, or platform li ft (as permit - ted in 4.1.3 and 4.1.6) shall be provided thatcomplies with 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11, respec-tively. An accessible route does not includestairs, steps, or escalators. See definition of“egress, means of” in 3.5.

4.3.9 Doors. Doors along an accessible rou teshall comply with 4.13.

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4.3.10* Egress. Accessible routes serving anyaccessible space or element shall also serve asa means of egress for emergencies or conn ect

to an accessible area of rescue assistan ce .

4 .3 .11 Areas o f Rescue Ass i s ta nce .

4 . 3 . 1 1 .1 L o c a t i o n a n d Con s t r u c t i o n . An area of rescue assistance shal l be one of the

fo l lowing:

(1) A port ion of a sta i rwa y lan ding wi th in a

smok eproof enclosure (comply ing w ith loca l requirements).

(2) A portion of an exterior exi t balcon y

located imm ediat ely adjacent to an exit sta i rw ay w hen the balcony compl ies wi th local r equirements for exterior exi t ba lconies.Openin gs to the interior of the bui lding lo-

cated wi thin 20 feet (6 m ) of the area of rescue

4.3.10* Egress

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assista nce shal l be protected wit h fi re assem- bl ies ha ving a t hree-fourth s hour fi re protection rating.

(3) A port ion of a on e-hou r fire-resisti ve cor-

ridor (comply ing wi th local requirements for fi re-resist ive constru ction an d for openings) located imm ediately adjacent to an exit

enclosure.

(4) A vestibule located immediat ely adja cent to an exit enclosure and constr ucted to the

sam e fire-resist ive standa rds a s required for corr idors and openings.

(5) A port ion of a sta i rw ay la nding wi th in an

exit enclosure w hich is vented to th e exterior an d is separat ed from t he interior of the bui lding w ith n ot less tha n one-hour fi re-resist ive doors.

(6) When a pproved by the appropri ate local

auth or i ty , an a rea or a r oom wh ich is sepa- rated from other portions of the bui lding by a

smok e barrier. Smoke barriers shal l ha ve a fire-resis-t ive ratin g of not less tha n on e hour an d shal l com pletely enclose the area or room .Doors in the smoke barrier shal l be tight-fi t t in g

smok e- an d draft-control a ssemblies ha ving a fire-protection rati ng of not less tha n 20 m in-

utes and sha l l be self-closing or aut oma tic closing. The area or room sha l l be provided

wit h a n exit directly to an exit enclosure. Where the room or a rea exits int o an exit enclosure

wh ich is required to be of more than one-hou r fi re-resist ive constru ction, the room or a rea

sha l l ha ve the sam e fire-resist ive construction ,inclu ding the same openin g protection, as

required for t he adja cent exit enclosure.

(7) An elevator lobby wh en elevator shafts an d adja cent lobbies are pressurized as required for smok eproof enclosures by local regula t ions a nd wh en comply ing w i th requi re-

ments herein for size, comm un ication , an d signage. Such pressuriza tion sy stem sha l l be

activa ted by smok e detectors on each floor located in a m ann er a pproved by th e appropr ia te

loca l au thor i ty . Pressur izat ion equipment a nd

i ts duct work wi th in th e bui ld ing shal l be sep- ara ted from oth er portion s of the bui lding by a min imum tw o-hour f i re-res is t ive construct ion.

4 .3 .11 .2 S i ze. Each a rea of rescue assistance

sha l l provide at least tw o accessible areas each being n ot less than 30 inches by 48

inches (760 mm by 1220 mm). The area of

rescue assis tance shal l not encroach on any required exit w idth. The total n um ber of such 30-inch by 48-inch (760 mm by 1220 mm ) areas per story sha l l be not less than one for

every 200 persons of calcula ted occupan t loa d

served by th e ar ea of rescue assista nce.

EXCEPTION: The appropria te local a uth ori ty

ma y reduce the min im um num ber of 30-inch by 48-inch (760 mm by 1220 mm ) areas to one for each area of rescue assistance on floors wh ere the occupant loa d is less than 200.

4 . 3 . 1 1 .3 * S t a i r w a y W i d t h . Each s ta i rway

adja cent to an area of rescue assistance shal l have a m in im um clear w idth of 48 inches

betw een han drai ls.

4 . 3 . 1 1 . 4 * Two -wa y Commun i c a t i o n . Amethod of two-way comm unicat ion, wi th both

visible and au dible signals, shal l be provided betw een each a rea of rescue assistan ce and

the prim ary entry. The fire departm ent or appropr ia te loca l author i ty ma y approve a

locat ion other tha n the pr imary entry .

4 . 3 . 1 1 .5 I d e n t i f i c a t i o n . Each a rea of rescue assista nce shal l be identi f ied by a sign w hich

states “ AREA OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE ” and displays th e int ernation al sym bol of accessi-

bi l i ty. The sign shal l be i l lum ina ted wh en exit sign i l lum ina tion is required. Signage sha l l

also be instal led at a l l ina ccessible exits an d wh ere otherwise necessary t o clearl y indica te

th e direction t o areas of rescue assi sta nce. In each area of rescue assistance, instr uction s

on t he use of the area un der emergency condit ion s shal l be posted adjoinin g the

two-way commu nicat ion system.

4.4 Protruding Objects.

4.4.1* General. Objects projecting from walls(for example, telephones) with their leadingedges between 27 in and 80 in (685 mm and2030 mm) above the fini shed floor shall pro-trude no more than 4 in (100 mm) into walk s,halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles (see Fig.8(a)). Objects mounted with their leading edges

at or below 27 i n (685 mm) above the fin ishedfloor may protrude any amoun t (see Fig. 8(a)and (b)). Free-standing objects mounted onposts or pylons may overhang 12 in (305 mm)maximum from 27 in t o 80 in (685 mm to 2030mm) above the ground or fin ished floor (see Fig.

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8(c) and (d)). Protruding objects shall notreduce the clear width of an accessible route ormaneuvering space (see Fig. 8(e)).

4.4.2 Head Room. Walks, halls, corri dors,passageways, aisles, or other circulation

spaces shall have 80 in (2030 mm) min imumclear head room (see Fig. 8(a)). I f vert ica l clearance of an a rea adjoinin g an accessible rout e is reduced to less tha n 80 in (nomi na l

d imension), a ba rr ier to wa rn bl ind or visua l ly- impa ired persons sha l l be provided

(see Fig. 8(c-1)).

4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces.

4.5.1* General. Ground and floor surfacesalong accessible routes and in accessiblerooms and spaces including floors, walk s,ramps, stairs, and curb ramps, shall be stable,

firm, slip-resistant, and shall comply with 4.5.

4.5.2 Changes in Level. Changes in level upto 1/4 in (6 mm) may be vertical and wit houtedge treatment (see Fig. 7(c) ) . Changes in levelbetween 1/4 in and 1/2 in (6 mm and 13 mm)


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shall be beveled with a slope no greater than1:2 (see Fig. 7(d) ) . Changes in level greaterthan 1/2 in (13 mm) shall be accomplished bymeans of a ramp that compli es with 4.7 or 4.8.

4.5.3* Carpet. If carpet or carpet ti le is usedon a ground or floor surface, then it shall besecurely attached; have a firm cushion, pad, orbacking, or no cush ion or pad; and have a levelloop, textured loop, level cut pile, or l evel cut / uncut pile texture. The maximum pile th i ck -

ness shall be 1/2 in (13 mm) (see Fig. 8(f)).Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened tofloor surfaces and have trim along the ent irelength of the exposed edge. Carpet edge tr imshall comply with 4.5.2.

4.5.4 Gratings. If grati ngs are located inwalk ing surfaces, then they shall have spacesno greater than 1/2 in (13 mm) wide in onedirection (see Fig. 8(g)) . If gratings have elon -gated openings, then they shall be placed sothat the long dimension i s perpendicular to thedominant direction of travel (see Fig. 8(h)) .

4.6 Parking and Passenger LoadingZones.

4.6.1 Minimum Number. Parkin g spaces requir ed to be accessible by 4.1 shal l comply

w i th 4.6.2 thr ough 4.6.5. Passenger loa ding zones requir ed to be accessible by 4.1 sha l l

comp ly w i th 4.6.5 a nd 4.6.6.

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4.6.2 Location. Accessible parkin g spaces serving a part icu lar bui lding shall be located onthe shortest accessible rou te of travel from adjacent park in g to an accessible entrance. In park ing fac i l i t ies that do not serve a part icu larbuilding, accessible parkin g shall be locatedon the shortest accessible rout e of travel to anaccessible pedestri an entrance of the park ingfacility. In bui ld ings w i th mu l t ip le accessible entran ces with adja cent pa rkin g, accessible park ing spaces shal l be dispersed an d located

closest t o th e accessible entra nces.

4.6.3* Parking Spaces. Accessible parkingspaces shall be at least 96 in (2440 mm) wide.Park ing access aisles shall be part of an acces-sible route to the buil ding or facili ty entranceand shall comply with 4.3. Two accessiblepark ing spaces may share a common access

aisle (see Fig. 9). Parked vehicl e overhangsshall not reduce the clear width of an acces-sible route. Parkin g spaces and access aisles sha ll be level wi th su rfa ce slopes not exceed- in g 1:50 (2%) in a ll direction s.

4.6.4* Signage. Accessible parking spacesshall be designated as reserved by a signshowing the symbol of accessibil ity (see4.30.7). Spaces comply ing wi th 4.1.2(5)(b) sha l l have an addi t iona l s ign “ Van-Accessible ” moun ted below the symbol of accessibi l i ty.

Such signs shall be located so they cann ot beobscur ed by a vehicle parked in the space.

4 .6 .5 * Ve r t i ca l C lea r an ce. Provide min imu m vertical clearan ce of 114 in (2895 mm ) at accessible passenger loadin g zones and a long

at least one vehicle access route to such a reas from site entran ce(s) and exit(s). At par kin g

spaces comply ing w i th 4.1.2(5)(b), provide m inim um vertical cleara nce of 98 in (2490

mm ) at th e park in g space and a long at least one vehicle access rout e to such spaces from

site entr an ce(s) and exit(s).

4.6.6 Passenger Loading Zones. Passengerloading zones shall provide an access aisle atleast 60 in (1525 mm ) wide and 20 ft (240

in )(6100 mm ) long adjacent and parallel t o thevehicle pull-up space (see Fig. 10). If there arecurbs between the access aisle and the vehiclepul l-up space, then a curb ramp complying with4.7 shall be provided. Vehicle stan ding spaces an d access aisles sha l l be level wi th su rface

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slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in a ll dir ections.

4.7 Curb Ramps.

4.7.1 Location. Curb ramps complying with4.7 shall be provided wherever an accessibleroute crosses a curb.

4.7.2 Slope. Slopes of curb r amps shallcomply with 4.8.2. The slope shall be measuredas shown in Fig. 11. Transi t ions from ra mps to w alk s, gutters, or streets sha l l be flush an d free of abru pt chan ges. Maximu m slopes of

adjoin ing gutt ers, road surfa ce immediat ely adja cent t o the curb ram p, or accessible rout e

sha ll n ot exceed 1:20.

4.7.3 Width. The min imum width of a curbramp shall be 36 in (915 mm), exclusi ve offlared sides.

4.7.4 Surface. Surfaces of curb ramps shallcomply with 4.5.

4.7.5 Sides of Curb Ramps. If a curb ramp islocated where pedestr ians must walk acrossthe ramp, or w here it is not protected by han dra i ls or guardra i ls , it shall have flaredsides; the maximum slope of the flare shall be1:10 (see Fig. 12(a)). Curb ramps with r eturned

curbs may be used where pedestri ans wouldnot normally walk across the ramp (see Fig.12(b)).

4.7.6 Built-up Curb Ramps. Built -up curbramps shall be located so that they do notproject into vehicular traffic lanes (see Fig. 13).

4.7.7 Detectable Warnings. A curb ramp shallhave a detectable warning complying with4.29.2. The detectable w arn ing sha l l extend thefull width and depth of the curb ramp.

4.7.8 Obstructions. Curb ramps shall belocated or protected to prevent t heir obstructi onby parked vehicles.

4.7.9 Location at Marked Crossings. Curbramps at marked crossings shall be wholly

contained with in the mark ings, excluding anyflared sides (see Fig. 15).

4.7.10 Diagonal Curb Ramps. If diagonal (orcorner t ype) curb ramps have returned curbs orother well-defined edges, such edges shall beparall el to the direction of pedestri an flow. Thebottom of diagonal curb ramps shall have 48 in(1220 mm) min imum clear space as shown inFig. 15(c) and (d). If diagonal curb ramps areprovided at marked crossings, the 48 in (1220mm) clear space shall be with in the mark ings(see Fig. 15(c) and (d)). If diagonal curb rampshave flared sides, they shall also have at l east a

24 in (610 mm) long segment of straight curblocated on each side of the curb ramp andwithi n the marked crossing (see Fig. 15(c)).

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4.7.11 Islands. Any raised islands in cross-ings shall be cut thr ough level with the street orhave curb ramps at both sides and a level areaat least 48 in (1220 mm) long between the curbramps in t he part of the island intersected bythe crossings (see Fig. 15(a) and (b)).

4.8 Ramps.

4.8.1* General. Any part of an accessible rou tewith a slope greater than 1:20 shall be consid-ered a ramp and shall comply with 4.8.

4.8.2* Slope and Rise. The least possibleslope shall be used for any ramp. The maximumslope of a ramp in new constructi on shall be1:12. The maximum r ise for any run shall be 30in (760 mm) (see Fig. 16). Curb ramps and

ramps to be constructed on exist ing sites or inexist ing bui ldings or facil it ies may have slopesand ri ses as al lowed in 4.1.6(3)(a) if spacelimi tations prohibit t he use of a 1:12 slope orless.

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4.8.3 Clear Width. The minimum clear widthof a ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm).

4.8.4* Landings. Ramps shall have levellandings at bott om and top of each ramp andeach ramp run. Landings shall have the follow-ing features:

(1) The landing shall be at least as wide as the

ramp run l eading to it.

(2) The landing length shall be a minimum of60 in (1525 mm) clear.

(3) If ramps change direction at landin gs, themin imum landing size shall be 60 in by 60 in(1525 mm by 1525 mm).

(4) If a doorway is located at a landing, then thearea in front of the doorway shall comply with4.13.6.

4.8.5* Handrails. If a ramp run has a rise

greater than 6 in (150 mm) or a horizontalprojection greater than 72 in (1830 mm), then itshall h ave handrail s on both sides. Handrailsare not requi red on curb ramps or adjacent t o seat ing in a ssembly areas. Handrail s shallcomply with 4.26 and shall have the followingfeatures:

(1) Handrails shall be provided along bothsides of ramp segments. The inside handrail onswitchback or dogleg ramps shall always becontinuous.

(2) If handrails are not cont inuous, they shallextend at least 12 i n (305 mm) beyond the topand bottom of th e ramp segment and shall beparallel with the floor or ground surface (see

Fig. 17).

(3) The clear space between the handrail andthe wall shall be 1 - 1/2 in (38 mm).

(4) Gripping sur faces shall be cont inuous.

(5) Top of han drai l gr ipping su rfaces shal l be moun ted between 34 in a nd 38 in (865 mm and 965 mm ) above ramp su rfaces.

(6) Ends of han drai ls sha l l be eith er rounded

or return ed smooth ly t o floor, wal l , or post.

(7) Handra i ls shal l not rota t e wi th in the i r f i t t ings.

4.8.6 Cross Slope and Surfaces. The crossslope of ramp surfaces shall be no greater than1:50. Ramp surfaces shall comply wi th 4.5.

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4.8.7 Edge Protection. Ramps and landingswith drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, rail ings,or projecting surfaces that prevent people fromslipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a mini -mum of 2 in (50 mm) high (see Fig. 17).

4.8.8 Outdoor Conditions. Outdoor rampsand their approaches shall be designed so thatwater wil l not accumulate on walk ing surfaces.

4.9 Stairs.

4.9.1* Minimum Number. Stairs required to be accessible by 4.1 shal l comply w i th 4.9.

4.9.2 Treads and Risers. On any given flight ofstairs, all steps shall have un iform riser heightsand uni form t read widths. Stair t reads shall beno less than 11 in (280 mm) wide, measured

from riser to r iser (see Fig. 18(a)). Open r isers are not permitt ed.

4.9.3 Nosings. The undersides of nosings shallnot be abrupt . The radius of curvature at theleading edge of the tread shall be no greaterthan 1/2 in (13 mm). Risers shall be sloped orthe underside of the nosin g shall have an anglenot less than 60 degrees from the hori zontal.Nosings shall project no more than 1-1/2 in (38mm) (see Fig. 18).

4.9.4 Handrails. Stairways shall have hand-rails at both sides of all stairs. Handrails shallcomply wi th 4.26 and shall have the followingfeatures:

(1) Handrails shall be conti nuous along bothsides of stairs. The inside handrail onswitchback or dogleg stairs shall always becontinuous (see Fig. 19(a) and (b)).

(2) If handrails are not cont inuous, they shallextend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the topriser and at least 12 in (305 mm) plus t he widthof one tread beyond the bottom riser. At the top,the extension shall be parallel wi th the floor orground surface. At the bottom, the handrailshall continue to slope for a distance of the

width of one tread from the bottom r iser; theremainder of the extension shall be horizontal(see Fig. 19(c) and (d)). Handrail extensionsshall comply with 4.4.

(3) The clear space between handrails andwall shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm).

(4) Gripping surfaces shall be unin terruptedby newel posts, other constructi on elements, orobstructions.

(5) Top of han drai l gr ipping

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