DGAC 2010 Anotaciones Del Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar D4 - Carbohidratos

8/6/2019 DGAC 2010 Anotaciones Del Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar D4 - Carbohidratos

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DR. JUAN HERRERA SALAZARDR. JUAN HERRERA SALAZAR

Revisin Seminarios Clnica de Asma y Alergia .Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar , Managua , Nicaragua

Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 2278Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar Tel 2278--1169, 22701169, 2270--3359, 89463359, 8946--5022, 88825022, 8882--55135513 09/08/201109/08/2011 11

New !New !


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DGAC 2010

Carbohidratos

8/9/20118/9/2011Juan Herrera SalazarJuan Herrera Salazar

22

USDA,USDA, NutrientNutrient DataData

DietaryDietary GuidelinesGuidelines forfor AmericansAmericans 20102010Biochem Org Medicalal BiochemestryBiochemestry

BenBen BestBest,, ProofProof PositivePositive NeildNeild NedleyNedley, MD., MD.AIH. Academia Internacional de HomotoxicologaGrupo Adventista del Sptimo Da

Notas crticas y comentarios: Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar

Seminarios Clnica de Asma y Alergia

JHSJHS


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Azucares

Herramienta Para Mdicos :Herramienta Para Mdicos :

Consulta Nutricional, Prevencin delConsulta Nutricional, Prevencin delSndrome Metablico y TerapiaSndrome Metablico y Terapia

AntiAnti--HomotxicaHomotxica,, AddendumAddendum

Clnica de Asma y AlergiaClnica de Asma y Alergia

JHSJHS

8/9/20118/9/2011 33Juan Herrera SalazarJuan Herrera Salazar


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China-Oxford-Cornell-Project

"Geographic study of mortality, biochemistry, diet and lifestyle in rural China",

"Huge Study Of Diet Indicts Fat And Meat", .

"Diet, lifestyle, and mortality in China: a study of the characteristics of 65 Chinese

counties",American Journal of Epidemiology, accessed February 3, 2011.

Junshi Chen; Banoo Parpia; T. Colin Campbell (1998). "Diet,

lifestyle, and the etiology of coronary artery disease: the Cornell

China Study". The American Journal of Cardiology (Elsevier

Science) 82 (10 Supplement 2). PMID 9860369.

Julius Leyton; Robert Parker; Wenxun Fan; T. Colin Campbell;Kebreab Ghebremeskel; Junyao Li; Junshi Chen; Michael A. Crawford

et al. (2003).

"Fish consumption, blood docosahexaenoic acid and chronic diseases

in Chinese rural populations".Comparative Biochemistry and

Physiology, Part A (Elsevier Science)136

(1).8/9/20118/9/2011Juan Herrera SalazarJuan Herrera Salazar 44


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Disminuya el riesgo cardiovascular

y de diabetes tipo 2 con dietabalanceada y ejercicio

Disminuya el riesgo cardiovascular

y de diabetes tipo 2 con dietabalanceada y ejercicio

Ver notas y bibliografa, para cada diapositivaVer notas y bibliografa, para cada diapositiva


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Tipo IITipo II

90% de todos

los diabticos

90% de todos

los diabticos


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La obesidad

y el exceso

de grasa

La obesidad

y el exceso

de grasa


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La inactividadLa inactividad


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Monosacridos



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Disacridos



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Lactosa exclusiva de la

Leche, Mamferos



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SoyaSoyaFuentes de fibra, cidos grasosFuentes de fibra, cidos grasos

esenciales.esenciales.


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Maltosio

Producto de ladegradacin delos almidones,est compuesto

de dosmonomeros deglucosa enlegame an (1,4)glicosdico.



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Carbohidratos

Fibra incluye la fibrade la dieta, natural, y lafibra funcional , queson aisladas y tienenpeculiaridadesfuncionales

beneficiosasfisiolgicas positivaspara la salud.

No analytical measuresexist to separate dietaryfiber and functionalfiber, so the

Nutrition Facts Labellists Dietary Fiberwhich is actually totalfiber.



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Polisacridos

PlantasHomopolisacridos

La mayora de los carbohidratosencontrados en la naturaleza , se

encuentran bajo la forma de azucaresde alto peso molecular, llamadospolisacridos.

El compuesto monomricopredominante es la D-glucosa.

Cuando los polisacridos estan

compuestos de un monosoacridosimple estos se denominanhomopolisacridos.

Si se componen de variadosmonosacridos se les denominaheteropolisacridos.

Glycogen homopolmero

compacto y ramificadocada 6-8 residuos,

mamferos

Almidones

Amilopectinas msramificados.



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Adequate amounts of dietary fiber help to maintain

health and reduce risks of colon cancer andcoronary artery disease.

Sources of dietary fiber in the U.S. food supply are: Grain products

Vegetables

Fruits

Legumes, nuts, and soy

Key MessagesKey Messages

LisaLisa BenteBente, RD; Hazel, RD; Hazel HizaHiza, PhD, RD;, PhD, RD;

and Thomasand Thomas FungweFungwe, PhD, PhD

Ver notas bibliogrficasVer notas bibliogrficas


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The functional properties of dietary fiber have

significant protective effects against some

chronic diseases.

Eating grains, especially whole grains, provides

such health benefits as reduced risk of coronaryheart disease and colon cancer.

The Importance of ConsumingThe Importance of ConsumingAdequate Dietary FiberAdequate Dietary Fiber


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Dietary fiber (commonly called bulk or roughage) isthe edible nondigestible component of carbohydrateand lignin naturally found in plant food;* however,bacteria in the lower gut may metabolize part of it.

Major sources of dietary fiber include cereal bran,sweet potatoes, and legumes.

Total Fiber = Dietary Fiber + Functional (or added) FiberTotal Fiber = Dietary Fiber + Functional (or added) Fiber

(Excluded: fiber(Excluded: fiber--like products, either extracted orlike products, either extracted orsynthesized, that do not have proven health benefits.)synthesized, that do not have proven health benefits.)

*IOM definition.*IOM definition.

Dietary Fiber DefinedDietary Fiber Defined


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2020

Dietary Fiber: Soluble and InsolubleDietary Fiber: Soluble and Insoluble

Soluble and insoluble dietary fibers are generallySoluble and insoluble dietary fibers are generally

found together in foods. However, some foodsfound together in foods. However, some foodsare better sources of one type than of the other.are better sources of one type than of the other.

Soluble dietary fiber is digestible.Soluble dietary fiber is digestible.

Insoluble dietary fiber is nondigestible.Insoluble dietary fiber is nondigestible.


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Benefits and Sources of Soluble FiberBenefits and Sources of Soluble Fiber

Soluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel duringSoluble fiber attracts water and turns to gel during

digestion, thus slowing digestion.digestion, thus slowing digestion.

Research shows that soluble fiber lowersResearch shows that soluble fiber lowers

cholesterol (important in the prevention of heartcholesterol (important in the prevention of heart

disease) and delays glucose absorption (importantdisease) and delays glucose absorption (important

in glucose control).in glucose control).

Oat bran, barley, beans, and lentils are primaryOat bran, barley, beans, and lentils are primary

sources of soluble fiber.sources of soluble fiber.


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Benefits and Sources of Insoluble FiberBenefits and Sources of Insoluble Fiber

Insoluble fiber appears to speed the passage ofInsoluble fiber appears to speed the passage of

foods through the stomach and intestines.foods through the stomach and intestines.

Insoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, reducingInsoluble fiber adds bulk to the stool, reducing

the incidence of constipationthe incidence of constipation..

Wheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains areWheat bran, vegetables, and whole grains are

primary sources of insoluble fiber.primary sources of insoluble fiber.


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Daily Recommendations of Dietary FiberDaily Recommendations of Dietary FiberNeeded* by Age/GenderNeeded* by Age/Gender

Years GramsYears Grams YearsYears GramsGrams YearsYears GramsGrams

*Recommendations, in grams, are based on*Recommendations, in grams, are based on

Estimated Average Requirements (EARs).Estimated Average Requirements (EARs).

ChildrenChildren MalesMales FemalesFemales

11--33 1919 99--1313 3131 99--1818 2626

44--88 2525 1414--5050 3838 1919--5050 2525

51+51+ 3030 51+51+ 2121


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Pregunta 1

Cules son losbeneficios de lasfibras de ladieta.

Conclusin .

Amoderate body ofevidence suggests thatdietary fiber fromwhole foods protectsagainst cardiovasculardisease, obesity, andtype 2 diabetes and isessential for optimaldigestive health.

The 2002 DRIs defined dietary fiber as non-digestiblecarbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact inplants. Functional fiber consists of the isolated non-digestible carbohydrates that have beneficialphysiological effects in human beings (IOM, 2002). Totalfiber is the sum of dietary fiber and functional fiber.

Implications

SinceDietary fiber is under-consumed across allsegments of theAmerican population. Thedevelopment of many risk factors that areassociated with incidence of several highlyprevalent chronic diseases could be reduced byincreasing consumption of naturally-occurringplant-based foods that are high in dietary fiber,including whole grain foods, cooked dry beans andpeas, vegetables, fruits and nuts .



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Fibra de la dieta

Enf. Cardiovascular Prevencin de la Obesidad

ADA position paper:

dietary fiber from whole foodsor supplements may lower bloodpressure, improve serum lipids,and reduce indicators ofinflammation. Benefits mayoccur with intakes of 12 to 33 g

fiber per day from whole foodsor up to 42.5 g fiber per day fromsupplements.

Menos circunferencia dela cintura y peso

Menos Adiposidad visceral

3g/1000 K cal



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Fibra de la dieta

Pregunta 2 Granos integrales

Relacin entre la ingesta decereales integrales y beneficios

para la salud.

Amoderate body of evidencefrom large prospective cohortstudies shows that whole grainintake, which includes cereal

fiber, protects againstcardiovascular disease.



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Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano de arrozGrano de arroz

SalvadoSalvado

GermenGermen


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Granos

integrales

Granos

integrales

No comer ad libitumNo comer ad libitum


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Fibra en la dieta

Cul es la relacin de la ingesta de las

frutas y verduras excluyendo el jugo,y los resultados de salud.



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Frutas y verduras

Conclusin Implicaciones

Consistent evidence suggests atleast a moderate inverserelationship between vegetable

and fruit consumption withmyocardial infarction andstroke, with significantly larger,positive effects noted above fiveservings of vegetables and fruitsper day.

Evidence also indicates thatsome types of vegetables andfruits are probably protectiveagainst some cancers.

Vegetables and fruits arenutrient-dense and relatively low

in calories. In order to meet therecommended intakes,Americans should emphasizevegetables and fruits in theirdaily food choices, withoutadded solid fats, sugars,

starches or sodium to maximizehealth benefits.



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Frutas y Verduras

DGCA afirma:

Part of the

healthful effect ofvegetables andfruits, includingprotection

against cancer

risk, may be dueto the effect ofphytochemicals

Technically, phytochemicals

are not essential to the diet,

so no daily requirement has

been established for them,but they are bioactive andthere may be as many as

100,000 differentcompounds.



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LicopeneLicopene,, pinkpink grapefruitgrapefruit, papaya, papaya fitoqumicosfitoqumicos

ms de 100000ms de 100000


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Regla del Arco Iris

Rainbow Regla prctica JHS

Como verduras de todos

los colores

Y frutas de todos los

colores

7 colores diferentes 7 das

de la semana



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Coma menos grasa y

coma ms frutas... 5-7porciones

Coma menos grasa y

coma ms frutas... 5-7porciones


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Fibra de la dieta

Diabetes tipo 2 Salud intestinal

diets providing 30 to 50g

fiber per day from wholefood sources consistentlyproduce lower serumglucose levels compared toa low fiber diet.

Hawaii over a 14-yearperiod se reduce elriesgo de 22%

Mejora trnsito intestinal

laxante Few fiber supplements

have been studied forphysiologicaleffectiveness, so the best

advice is to consume fiberin foods (Slavin, 2008).



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Pregunta 4

Cul es la

relacin entre laingesta de

alimentos conalto indiceglicmico , el

peso, el diabetede tipo 2 , las

enfermedadescardiovascularesy el cancer.

Conclusion

Amoderate body of inconsistent evidence supports arelationship between high glycemic index and type 2diabetes.

Strong, convincing evidence shows little associationbetween glycemic load and type 2 diabetes.

Implications

When selecting carbohydrate foods, there is no need forconcern with their glycemic index or glycemic load.

What is important to heed is their calories, caloric density,and fiber content.



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Dieta de origen

vegetal bajaen grasa, ricaen fibra

Dieta de origen

vegetal bajaen grasa, ricaen fibra


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Hagaejercicio

regularmente

Hagaejercicio

regularmente


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Pregunta 5

En adultos querelacin existe entre

ingesta de bebidasazucaradas y la

ingesta de energa y elpeso corporal

Las Colas

concentrados deazucarfructosa

El sirope de maz

Peligro de SndromeMetablico

What is the significance of added sugars intake tohuman health?

Their conclusion was, Compared with individuals who

consume small amounts of foods and beverages that arehigh in added sugars, those who consume large amountstend to consume more calories but smaller amounts ofmicronutrients.Although more research is needed,available prospective studies suggest a positiveassociation between the consumption of SSB and weightgain.A reduced intake of added sugars (especially SSB)may be helpful in achieving recommended intakes ofnutrients and in weight control.



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La pregunta que todos estamos

esperando

Pregunta 6 A few observational studies

Los endulzantes sincaloras , sonbeneficiosos para lasalud, su relacin con laingesta de caloras y el

peso corporal.

reported that individuals whouse non-caloric sweeteners are

more likely to gain weight or be

heavier . Implications

The replacement of sugar-sweetened foods

and beverages with sugar-free products shouldtheoretically reduce body weight. Yet many

questions remain, as epidemiologic studiesshow a positive link with use of nonnutritive

sweeteners and BMI.



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Cambiospermanentes en

el estilo de vida

Cambiospermanentes en

el estilo de vida

No se puede todo No se puede todo

remediar con un Quickremediar con un Quick

Fix

Fix, una simple, una simpleprescripcinprescripcin

Es necesario unEs necesario un

cambio de filosofacambio de filosofa


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Cuales son endulzantes

In adults, does usingfoods or beverages with

non-nutritivesweeteners (saccharin,

aspartame, acesulfame-K, sucralose, neotame)

in a calorie-restricted orad libitum diet affectenergy balance? (ADA,2009).

Sacarina

Aspartame

Acesulfame

Sucralose

Neotame



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Endulzantes sin caloras

Intense sweeteners help lowerenergy density of beverages and

foods, which should result in lowerenergy intakes. Concern about

negative effects of diet soft drinkconsumption on energy intake camefrom animal studies that suggestedan increased food intake and weight

gain following prolonged exposureto saccharin-sweetened yogurt

(Swithers, 2008). This studysuggested that artificial sweetenersuncouple a relationship betweensweet taste and energy, which

promoted the rats to consume morefood and gain weight.

Replacing sugar with low-calorie sweeteners is a

common strategy tofacilitate weight control

(Bellisle, 2007). Mattes and Popkin (2008)

estimate that 15 percent ofthe US population ingests

nonnutritive sweeteners,but that percentage isincreasing.



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Intense sweeteners help lowerenergy density of beverages and

foods, which should result in lowerenergy intakes. Concern about

negative effects of diet soft drinkconsumption on energy intake camefrom animal studies that suggestedan increased food intake and weight

gain following prolonged exposureto saccharin-sweetened yogurt

(Swithers, 2008).

. This study suggested thatartificial sweeteners

uncouple a relationshipbetween sweet taste and

energy, which promotedthe rats to consume morefood and gain weight.


LaLa FDAFDA nunca cumpli su prometidonunca cumpli su prometido

de advertir a la poblacin sobre losde advertir a la poblacin sobre los

efectos negativos de los endulzantes sin caloras.efectos negativos de los endulzantes sin caloras.

Lobby de la industria en Washington ?Lobby de la industria en Washington ?


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Artificial sweetenersNutrasweet

Endulzantes artificiales

Aumento de Peso A

m J Clin Nutrition 1990 Jun ;51(6):963-969.

Nutrition action Heaklth letterWashington DC. ( CSPI, june 1995., p,9.800,237-4874.

Interview with Aspartame Expert CorrineGouget in French: Part 1 | Part 2 | Part

3 | Part 4 | Part 5

NutrasweetAspartame oxicity InfoCenter.

Excitotoxin (Aspartame,

MSG) presentation byNeuroscientist RussellBlaylock

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Pregunta 7

Impacto de unadieta lquida vs unadieta slida sobrela ingesta de

energa y el pesocorporal.

Atencin a lascaloras

Conclusion

A limited body of evidence shows

conflicting results about whetherliquid and solid foods differ intheir effects on energy intakeand body weight except that

liquids in the form of soup maylead to decreased energy intakeand body weight.



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Exceso de caloras de la

Dieta

Exceso de caloras de la

Dieta

Enfermedadesdel corazn

Cncer


Cncer


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Se reduce el riesgo deSe reduce el riesgo de


Diabetes tipo II

Hipertensin


Diabetes tipo II

Hipertensin


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SoyaSoyaFuentes de cidos grasos esencialesFuentes de cidos grasos esenciales

ALA, nALA, n--3: aceite de maz, girasol ,3: aceite de maz, girasol ,

lino,lino, safrnsafrn..


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Pregunta 8

What is the Role ofCarbohydrate, Fiber,

Protein, Fat, and FoodForm on Satiety?

Conclusion

Many factors affectsatiety and moststudies are conducted

in laboratory settings tocontrol for variables.

Thus results may not be

generalized to the morecomplicated eatingenvironment of the

outside world. Foodshigh in dietary fiber

generally are more

satiating than low fiberfoods, although some

Implications

Intakes of caloric preloads, whethercarbohydrate, protein, or fat, typically

increase satiety. Protein and carbohydratemay be more satiating than fat, althoughstudies are not consistent.

Dietary fiber, especially from whole foods,appears to enhance satiety in studies. Not all

fibers added to beverages or foods are equallysatiating.

In fact, some functional fibers show no effecton satiety.



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CondimentarCondimentar Aceite de Oliva ExtraAceite de Oliva Extra

VirgenVirgen


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Comida RpidaComida RpidaRegaleseRegalese un poco de pazun poco de paz

espiritualespiritual

No hay apuro No hay apuro

Encuentre paz Encuentre paz

Tmese el tiempo comaTmese el tiempo coma

en familia.en familia.

El mejor antioxidante esEl mejor antioxidante es

el amor de la familia.el amor de la familia.



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La diabetes no es por deficiencia de insulina...

El aumento de la grasa visceral,provocaresistencia a la insulina..


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Pregunta 9

Cul es el

papel de los

prebiticos yde los

probiticos?

Gut microflora play a role in

health, although the

research in this area is still

developing. Foods high inprebiotics (wheat, onions,garlic) may be consumed, as

well as food concentrated in

probiotics (yogurt), withinaccepted dietary patterns.



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16%16%comen alimentosaltos en fibra y comidas

inte rales

comen alimentos

altos en fibra y comidas

inte rales


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20%20%comen frutas y vegetalesricos en carotenoscomen frutas y vegetalesricos en carotenos


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18%18%comen vegetales de lafamilia de las crucferascomen vegetales de lafamilia de las crucferas


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Grano de trigoGrano de trigo Grano de arrozGrano de arroz

SalvadoSalvado

GermenGermen


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Prebiticos y probiticos

Cebollas

Ajo

trigo

fructooligosacaridos

Lactooligosacaridos

Prebiotics are defined as a non-digestiblefood ingredient that beneficially affects thehost by selectively stimulating the growthand/or activity of one or a limited number of

bacteria in the colon, and thus improves hosthealth (De Vrese, 2008). Oligosaccharides suchas fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides are generally accepted asprebiotics and are often added to infantformula and other food products.

SynbioticsSynbiotics are combinations of bothare combinations of both

probioticsprobiotics andand prebiotics prebiotics. . eliminationelimination

ofof allergiesallergies



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Prebiticos Probiticos

Thus, the DGAC

believes that the

gut microbiotado play a role inhealth,

although the

research in thisarea is still

developing.

No recommendations for intakeof prebiotics or probiotics for theA

merican people can be made,although foods high in prebiotics(wheat, onions, garlic) should beconsumed, as well as food

concentrated in probiotic(yogurt).

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Amplia variedadAmplia variedad


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Consumauna dieta

alta en

fibra

Consumauna dieta

alta en

fibra


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Y dijo Dios: He aqu

os he dado todaplanta que da

semilla, que est

sobre toda la tierra,y todo rbol en que

hay fruto, y que da

semilla; os sernpara comer.

Gnesis 1:20

Y dijo Dios: He aqu

os he dado todaplanta que da

semilla, que est

sobre toda la tierra,y todo rbol en que

hay fruto, y que da

semilla; os sernpara comer.

Gnesis 1:20


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Fin

Gracias!

Desde Nicaragua, Clnica de Asma yAlergia Seminarios 2011.

DGAC 2010 Anotaciones Del Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar D4 - Carbohidratos

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Transcript of DGAC 2010 Anotaciones Del Dr. Juan Herrera Salazar D4 - Carbohidratos