desarrollo de materiales en - cenim.csic.es · L. A. Dobrzański, “Significance of materials...

PRESENTACIÓN CORPORATIVA 2013JUAN J. DE DAMBORENEA. JORNADA IK4

Juan José de [email protected]

Grupo de Corrosión y Protección de Materiales MetálicosCentro Nacional de Investigaciones Metalúrgicas (CENIM)

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

“Panorama general actual del desarrollo de materiales en

ambientes hostiles”


Nature Materials, Vol. 6, October 2007

Vertido de acero en la fábrica de Baracaldo. Altos Hornos de Vizcaya (1943)

Convertidor Bessemer

¿Nuevos desarrollos?


Si la Torre Eiffel se construyera hoy, sólo senecesitaría un tercio del acero que seutilizó originalmente.

En 1937 se necesitaron 83.000 toneladasde acero para el Golden Gate Bridge, hoysolo se requeriría la mitad de esa cantidad.


En la industria automotriz el ciclo de desarrollo de nuevos productos se ha reducido de 10 años a 3 años.

Aproximadamente el 75% de los acerosutilizados en la actualidad se handesarrollado en los últimos 20 años.

http://www.google.es/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi-w7rD_JHSAhXCVhoKHQCgCTIQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swedespeed.com%2Fartman2%2Fpublish%2FEvents_Coverage%2FThe_Future_of_Volvo_Seminar.html&bvm=bv.147134024,d.d2s&psig=AFQjCNHcTh6x9xolM74zRnnZVLvah0IshQ&ust=1487243653991435


M.F. Ashby, Y.J.M. Brechet, D. Cebon, L. Salvo, “Selection strategies for materials and processes” Materials and Design 25 (2004) 51–67

Materiales


There are more than 3,500 different grades of steel with many different physical, chemical, and environmental properties. More than 200 (?) grades of SS available

Stainless steel is not a single alloy, but a part of a large family of alloys with a minimum of 10.5% Chromium.

<5 nm

Life is full of difficult decisions and none is fuller than that of the designer.Among them are the decisions concerning the choice of materials andprocesses. There are—it is estimated—between 40.000 and 80.000materials and at least 1.000 different ways to process them.


•Metals

•Water treatments.•Waste management

•Agribusiness.

•Plastics•Food and beverage

•Paper & packaging

• Biomaterials

•Engineering, aerospace

• Consumer goods

•Chemical.•Petrochemical

•Cosmetics.•Pharmaceutical

• Energy


L. A. Dobrzański, “Significance of materials science for the future development of societies” Journal of Materials Processing Technology 175(2006)133–148

ERA DEL CARBONO


1985 "C60: buckminsterfullerene" descubierto por H. W. Kroto, J. R. Heath, S. C. O’Brien, R. F. Curl, y R. E. Smalley Premio Nobel de Química de 1996.

Andrei Geim (51) y Konstantin Novoselov (36), Premio Nobel de Física 2010 por haber aislado el grafeno en los laboratorios de la Universidad de

Manchester en 2004.

“…no sólo es el material más delgado sino que,además, es 10 veces más resistente que el acero yno presenta problemas de corrosión”

La era del Carbono


Boeing 787 on display at 2010 Farnborough Airshow. Photo: MilborneOne.


http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/products/f35.html

In 2010, Fokker Landing Gear, introduce thick-walled polymer matrix composite(PMC) landing gear drag braces for the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II joint strikefighter aircraft (305 weight reduction, no corrosion).

The F-35 Lightning II will be the firstmass-produced aircraft to integratestructural nanocomposites in non-loadbearing airframe components. Athermoset epoxy reinforced by carbonnanotubes will replace carbon fibre asthe material used to produce F-35wingtip fairings.CNRP is several times stronger than

CFRP, yet lighter by about 25-30%.


Kim JS, Chandra V, Nosker TJ, et al. World’s first thermoplastic bridges made of recycled plastics. Proceed. 18th IABSE Congress, Seol, 2012.

POLÍMEROS ESTRUCTURALES

Recycled Structural Plastic Composite (RSPC) is made up of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with polypropylene encapsulated fiber

glass fibers.

A 30-ton steamroller over Bridge T85-19 at Fort Bragg, North Carolina.

A 40-ton M-1 Abrams tank crossing the RTCL bridge T85-18 at Fort Bragg


CERÁMICAS ESTRUCTURALES

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Alumina (Al2O3)Nitruro de Aluminio (AlN)Carburo de Silicio (SiC)Nitruro de Silicio (Si3N4)Fused SilicaOxido de MagnesioNitruro de Boro (BN)TitaniaZirconia (TZP)Zirconia Endurecida con Alumina (ZTA)Zirconia Estabilizada con Ytria (YSZ)



F. Filser & L.J. Gauckler. ETH-Zürich, Departement Materials, 2007


MATERIALES METÁLICOS

POLÍMEROS CERÁMICAS

MATERIALES COMPUESTOS

CFRP, GFRP…

MMCs

Materiales

IPMCs


A Vision of Materials Science in the Year 2020. (Excerpts from the "2020 NIMS Policy Paper") NIMS, Japan, 2007

RETOS PARA LOS MATERIALES S.XXI


EnergíaSostenibilidad & Transporte

SaludProducción &

fabricación

Renovables

Turbinas de gas +

Fuel Cells

Fusión nuclear

Bienes de consumo

AutomociónAeroespacial(Fuselaje & turbinas)

OrtopediaSensores &Imagen

Materiales biomedicina

Metallurgy Europe – A Renaissance Programme for 2012-2022. Materials Science and Engineering Expert Committee

MetalurgiaCombinatoria

Manufactura aditiva

Diseño & T. Unión

Reciclado

RETOS PARA LOS MATERIALES S.XXI


MATERIAL

CONDICIONESOPERATIVAS

MEDIO

Petroleo, gas, agua de mar, tratamiento de aguas, productos de desecho, vapor, soluciones alcalinas, disolventes orgánicos, ácidos (incluidos ácido sulfúrico, fluorhídrico, clorhídrico y ácidos minerales), salmueras, soluciones caústicas...

La selección de materiales serealiza principalmente parasu eficiencia estructural, y laresistencia al medio hostil esa menudo una consideraciónsecundaria en el diseño.

PROCESOSINDUSTRIALES

Solicitaciones mecánicas, radiación, campos magnéticos, ciclos térmicos


J. Wadsworth, R. Hemley, G. Crabtree, “Workshop on Materials Under Extreme Environments”, Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2008


Two pumps installed in 1928 by The Sewerage and Water Board, New OrleansDuring Hurricane Katrina, the station where these pumps are installed was submerged.

Once the water level dropped below the station floor level, the Nash pumps were started up to prime the drainage pumps, which then ran for several weeks draining the city. www.GDNash.com


" Nitino: material con memoria de forma que forma unacapa de TiO2 que pasiva su superfcie frente al ataque

corrosivo”

Sin embargo se ha constatado que a largos tiempo deexposición libera iones Ni por efecto de su corrosión…

Haider W, N Munroe, V Tek, PKS Gill, C Pulletikurti, S Pandya (2010) "Effect of surface treatments on localized corrosion behaviorof Nitinol alloys" Trans. Soc. f. Biomat. 34th Ann. Mtng, Seattle, 874


Meeting new demands on new products and applications andpromoting product innovations to meet the eternal needs of new socialand economical challenges

Enhanced materials properties and performance Improved exploration, mining, metal recovery thanks to extractive

metallurgy, manufacturing and processing, recycling Enabling technologies and infrastructure.

The combination of primary metal production, alloy creation,downstream processing, integrated metal products and alloy recyclingaccounts for 46% of all EU manufacturing value and 11% of the EU’stotal gross domestic product (GDP)5. This equates to an added value ofabout €1.3 trillion annually in the EU alone, or €3.5 billion per day.

Metallurgy made in and for Europe. European Union, 2014


Metallurgy Europe – A Renaissance Programme for 2012-2022. Materials Science and Engineering Expert Committee (MatSEEC)

EnergíaSostenibilidad & Transporte

Salud

• High-strength TRIP and TWIP steels, superbainite alloys, new ODS steels and bearing steels,• Core-shell precipitation-hardened alloys (e.g. Al–Li–Sc, Al–Mg–Sc, other), and associated heat treatment protocols, for high-specific strength components;• High-entropy alloys for high temperature applications;• Refractory alloys (e.g. W, Ta, Re, Hf, Nb, Mo, V, PGMs) for the most extreme high-temperature and oxidative environments, including also nuclear fusion plasma-facingapplications;• Lightweight and new bulk metallic glasses (e.g. Mg, Al, Ti, Fe-based BMGs), and their amorphous/ crystallinecomposites, for niche structural, functional, tribological, corrosion-resistant, biomedical and micro-partapplications;• Quasicrystalline and complex metallic alloys (CMAs) • Metal–matrix composites (MMCs), for lightweight structural components (Mg, Al, Ti), thermal (Cu, Al), wear, biocompatible materials…;• Lightweight high-strength intermetallics (e.g. aluminides, silicides and ductile lanthanides) and ermetsfor turbo-machinery, aeroengines and space applications;

• Shape memory alloys (SMA) and foams;• Nanoscale magnetic material mixtures for high energy product in permanent magnets, and reduced R.E. element content (e.g. Nd, Dy);• Doped, micro- and nanostructured high-ZT thermoelectric alloys for heat recovery, energy harvesting and Peltier cooling;• Ductile metallic-based higher-Tc superconducting alloys for electrical and magnetic applications, such as in wind turbines, MRI scanners, power transmission (ideally, alloys that function without helium cooling);• Nanostructured energetic metal/alloy powders for pyrotechnic applications and propulsion systems;• Metal-based catalysts and electrodes for electrochemical cells, hydrogen fuel cells, electrolysis units, hydrogenation chemical reactors, based on either PGMs or new alternatives;• Non-consumable corrosion-resistant inert anodes of use in metal oxide electrolysis (Al, Fe, Ti, etc.); • Novel nanocrystalline metal hydrides (e.g. Mg, Al or Li-based) with very fast ab- and desorption kinetics, for hydrogen storage.

MATERIALES METÁLICOS PARA EL FUTURO


Metallurgy Europe – A Renaissance Programme for 2012-2022. Materials Science and Engineering Expert Committee (MatSEEC)


Producción & Fabricación

Metalurgia combinatoria y diseño computacional para acelerar el descubrimiento de nuevas aleacionesMicroestructuras de diseño con fases y propiedades específicas Nuevos métodos de conformado como “hidroforming, explosion forming, creep forming, fundiciones…Nuevos métodos en la metalurgia de polvos: atomización, cold spraying, spray forming, coating techniques;Prototipado rápido (Additive manufacturing) formas complejas en 3D y con gradientes composicionales mediante laser o EBNuevos recubrimientos funcionales y resistentes a la corrosión obtenidos por sol-gel, electrodeposición de LI, CVD, PVD, magnetron sputtering, laser…“De-alloying techniques” para producir materiales nano- y microporosos para catálisis, biomedicina,…Sensores metálicos tipo termopares, deformacióin, tensión…Tecnologías de Unión con especial interés en uniones disimilaress Reciclado de metales y aleaciones, especialmente aquellos que contegan elementos críticos como RE, Ti, Mg, Cr, PGMs, Nb, Ta, Co, Ni, Cu etcAdecuación a las normativas europeas de Medio Ambiente (REACH)

desarrollo de materiales en - cenim.csic.es · L. A. Dobrzański, “Significance of materials...

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