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Deep Ecology : A New Paradigm

By : Fritjof Capra

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Contents: Introduction

Deep Ecology

Crisis And Transformation

The Mechanistic

WorldviewDomination & Control

The Impasse Of Economics

The New Paradigm

New Values

Rising Culture

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Introduction

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There is a need for us To understand the major problems,Major problems like the threat of nuclear war,the devastation of our environment , the persistence of

Poverty are yet to be overcomeThe Crisis has begun due to outdated concepts andValues which are being followed in the presentgeneration and due to overlooking of facts likeOver population , poverty , destroying nature , etc

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Crisis And Transformation:The Present World has Dominated the culture that hasbeen followed by us for several hundred years,It has shaped our modern western society and

Has significantly influenced the rest of the world.

This new Paradigm/model concentrates on human beings,their developments and needs for survival..Its Belief, that unlimited material progress can be achieved throeconomical and technological growth,

has led to adverse effects which have affected bothhumans as well as Nature.

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Deep Ecology

The Term Deep Ecology Is A ConceptWhich Considers Human beings no more ImportantThan Other Species.

It Strongly emphasizes for the need of areadjustment of relationships betweenhumans and Nature

Deep Ecology can also be called a Holistic world viewAs it emphasizes the whole rather than the parts.

It may also be called an EcologicalWorldview,by using the term ecological

In the sense of Deep ecology

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Shallow EcologyShallow Ecology is Arthropocentric.

It views Humans as above or outsideNature,as the source of all valueAnd refers to nature as an instrument of Use.

It is no longer adequate to Deal with the

Major problems of today , most of whichInvolve threat to Non-Human forms of life

The Difference between shallow andDeep ecology was given by the

Philosopher Arne Naess in the lateSeventies

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The Mechanistic View (Shallow ecology):

It was developed by Galileo , Descartes , Bacon , Newton andSeveral others in the 17th Century.

Descartes view was that man was a machine who couldBe understood completely by analyzing in terms of its smallerParts.

He compared human body to clockwork just like how humanBrain is compared to computer today..

This view of Descartes has been proved wrong as a manHas Emotions , sensation , wisdom , etc , while a machineLacks them all.

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Domination and Control (Shallow ecology)

Our science and technology are based on the belief that anunderstanding of nature implies domination of Nature by Man

Before 17th century goals of Science were, wisdom , understandingThe natural order and living in harmony.

But after the 17th century the goal of science has beenKnowledge that can be used to control , manipulate and

Exploit nature

Today both science and technology are usedFor purposes that are harmful andDangerous

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The Impasse Of Economics (Shallow Ecology)

Most Economists fail to realize that economics is merely an

Aspect of a whole ecological and social fabric

The Policies made due to the framework of ConventionalEconomics are quite erroneous .

The assumption that all growth is good and

More growth is always better overlooks humanAilments and fatal diseases.

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The New Paradigm (Deep ecology)

It is the shift from the Shallow ecology to

The deep ecology .This shift is necessaryFor our survival.

A new vision based on this paradigm isNow being developed by our researchersAt the frontiers or science.

It considers all natural systems as a wholeWhere specific structures arise from theInteractions and interdependence of theirparts

The Deep ecological way of thinking is

important not only for science and philosophybut also for our society and our daily Lives..