CURSO DE CAÑONEO MUY BUENO.pptx

8/14/2019 CURSO DE CAONEO MUY BUENO.pptx

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Perforation in oil and

gas wells


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Content

1. Introduction

2. Purposes of Perforation

3. Perforating guns4. The Perforating methods

5. Problems with Perforation

6. Conclusions


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Introduction

Perforation helps create a hole in the casingthrough the cement and into the formation toform a channel for the oil and gas to flow from

the producing formation into the wellbore.


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Purposes of Perforation

Creating a channel between the pay zone

and the wellbore.

Cause oil and gas to flow to the wellboreeasily.

future stimulation.

example: Hydraulic fracturing


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Perforating Guns

A device used to perforate oil and gas wells inpreparation for production.

It has different shapes of explosive charges

Different range of sizes and configurations.

The diameter of the gun used is determined by

the presence of wellbore restrictions orlimitations imposed by the surface equipment.


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Perforation geometry


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Perforating Guns

Casing gun

Expendable gun

Retrievable gun High-shot density gun


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Create holes in a casing string .

Casing guns are typically 3- to 5-in. in diameterand carry up to four perforating charges per foot

Allow perforation through production casingusing larger diameter gun assembly.

Casing gun


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A perforating gun assembly that disintegratesupon firing, creating finer debris.

It is used where wellbore restrictions allow onlylimited access, as in through-tubing applications.

It is relatively light and simple in design withphased expendable guns.

Expendable gun


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Expendable gun


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A perforating gun have more than four shotsper foot.

Improves the phasing, or distribution of

perforations, around the wellbore. Enables improved distribution of the

perforations around the circumference of the

casing or liner.

High-shot density gun


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High-shot density gun


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Perforation methods

Bullet Perforation

Jet Perforation

Hydraulic Sand-jet perforation Perforation using laser technology

Horizontal oriented perforating systemHOPS


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Bullet Perforation

Bullets lose velocity when gun clearance >0.5 in.

Often use in a unconsolidated formations

Cheaper to use, rarely been used today Bullets plug the end of the flow channel


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Jet Perforation

It uses a shaped charges contained in aperforating gun assembly.

Gun assembly is placed in wireline, tubing orcoiled tubing, depending on the application andthe wellbore conditions.

High-pressure jet will penetrates the casing orliner to shoot into the reservoir formation toform channels.


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Jet Perforation


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Jet Perforation


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Hydraulic Sand-jet

Perforation

It uses high-pressure jetting of sand-ladenfluid through an orifice

Short penetration range


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Perforating with Laser


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Perforating with Laser


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Horizontal oriented perforating

systemHOPS

Performs oriented perforating

Incorporating a series of swiveled gunconnectors containing internal, explosivetransfer devices and an internally contained gunweighting system.

This system incorporates a series of short gun

sections that rotate to the desired orientation,providing the optimum shot pattern andmaximizing reservoir production.


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Horizontal oriented perforating

systemHOPS


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Problem with Perforation

The main problem is the plugging afterPerforation, these caused by: Charge liner residue slugs

Mud solids & crushed/compacted rock particles Solution to the problem: Cleanout of Plugged

Perforations, these include:

Back surge perforations if consolidated formations Use wash tools if unconsolidated formations

Breakdown with fluid or acid, and ball sealers


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Conclusion

Different perforation guns have specificapplication. Example: casing gun, retrievablegun, high-shot density gun, & expandable gun.

Method perforation, these include: Bullet, Jet,hydraulic, & laser.

Problem using perforation method.


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Thanks

John G Evans,

Leo Health Mary North-Abbott

Rajendra Kasinath


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References

S. Batarseh, B.C. Gahan, R.M. Graves and R.A Parker,Well Perforation using High-Power lasers, SPE PaperNo.84418

www.bakerhughes.com www.slb.com Gahan, B.C.,R.A. Parker, Laser Drilling: Effect on

beam Application Methods on Improving RockRemoval, SPE Paper No.84353 Gahan, B.C., Laser Drilling: Understanding Laser/Rock

Interaction Fundamentals, Gas Tips 8 (2002):4-8
http://www.bakerhughes.com/http://www.slb.com/http://www.slb.com/http://www.bakerhughes.com/


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THANK YOU

Questions?


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