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O@N@OB_ SR O@FRHNKZBWSBGWKF0

Hkbsw` _wd Cbzk Jndu

%Jfdu B. Ckq$Nkrwykk

CBCDOKC@ K

S@C@_ F@_ ORWD@_@_ CBF HRNC@

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Nrbswk o`frhnk bs bf s`y`wb ywdnodykf cb fk ykwb srybwd`w cbnrbsw` orbwy`.N`s ybwhdb hknbnbwn`s bwbo`s& jfbud`nkw ` mdwkw nrbsw` w`no`.Skhgdn orgwb t yw`bmb fk hcrfk bsydnkf

Swkkw cb buyfdokw rn bhk kn o`hyfba` o`h` bf cb fk O`frhnkZbwbgwkf& bs sd frmkw k crcks rn wkgka` n` s`f` o`hyfdokc`& sdn`{rb wb{rdbwb cb hroe`s k`s cb Bsrcd`s bsybodkfdqkc`s tBuybwdbnodks ywkodoks o`n hroe`s ykodbnbs o`n fks hks cdzbwsksc`fbnodks..Fk dcbk cb wbkfdqkw bsb erhdfcb wkgka`& wkcdok bn y`cbw `jwbobwfbk rn yrgfdo` okck ck hks kc`f`wdc` t o`njrncdc`& rnk

buyfdokodn o`njdkgfb t rnk gwbzb mrk dfrswkck cb f`s ywdnodykfbsyw`gfbhks kf zbq f`s hks o`hrnbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf

Ke`wk& fk ywbmrnk cb sdbhywb1Y`w {r crbfb0Fks okrsks cbf c`f`w cb bsykfck s`n hroeks t hrt cdzbwsks. Bn rnkbsykfck bno`nwkh`s odbn`s cb hsorf`s t kwdorfkod`nbs tkfwbcbc`w cb hdf fdmkhbn`s& o`nsdrtbnc` okck rnk cb bsksbswrorwks rnk y`sdgfb jrbnb cb c`f`w.Fk ywbmrnk cb y`w {r hb crbfb bs kf zbq rnk cb fks hs wbybdcksy`w f`s ykodbnbs t hroeks zbobs n` bs f` srjdodbnbhbnbskdsjboek tk {rb f`s dbhy`s cb o`nsrfk ekobn {rb mbnbwkfhbnbf`s yw`jbsd`nkfbs cbcd{rbn fk hkt`w okndckc cbf dbhy` kyfkndjdokw ` bjborkw bf wkkhdbn`.Y`w bff dnbnkw kmwrykw f`s jbnhbn`s {rb kjbokn k fk bsykfcky`w mwry`s ykwk sr hba`w `wdbnkodn bn bf ordckc` cb sr o`frhnkzbwbgwkf.

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fk [rdw`ywkudk bs rnk bwkydk kfbwnkdzk {rb fbyw`y`wod`nkw rnk ofkwk hba`wk k srs yw`gfbhks& sdn

hbcdokodn nd c`f`w.Fb ckw kcbhs b{rdfdgwd` bn `c` sr orbwy` t hba`wkwbn o`nsborbnodk bf jrnod`nkhdbn` cb `c`s srs wmkn`s&

y`w bncb bncw rnk hba`w okfdckc cb zdck.

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Bnbncdbnc` hd o`frhnk.Fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bs bf zbwckcbw` obnw` cb nrbsw`

orbwy`.

Bs rnk hkwkzdffk ndok dhy`sdgfb cb wbyw`crodw._d sb yw`yrsdbwb k rn dnmbndbw` {rb o`nswrtbsb rn rg`jfbudgfb& j`whkc` y`w wbdnk t wbs kndff`s& o`hywbncdbnc` odbn`wbdnk t wbs kwdorfkod`nbs t obwok cb hdf fdmkhbn`s t okykq cbs`y`wkw 729 ldf`mwkh`s sdn ybwcbw y`w bs` sr bfksdodckc< kf zbq

o`nsdmrdbsb cbsyrs cb k`s cb bnkdzks& wbs`fzbw ybn`skhbnb bfyw`gfbhk.

_d& bn bf h`hbn` cb bnwbmkwf`& kfmrdbn fb budmdbsb {rbkkcdbsb fk hcrfk bsydnkf bn bf dnbwd`w cb bsb rg`& ` sbk& rn okgfbnbwzd`s` j`whkc` y`w hdff`nbs cb bfbhbn`s srsobydgfbs cb

cbsfdqkwsb bnwb f`s kndff`s& sdn {rb f` ckksbn f`s h`zdhdbn`s cbfk o`frhnk ` f`s s`gwbskf`s cbf orbwy`& bf dnmbndbw` owbbwk {rb

bskgk wkknc` o`n rn f`o`.

Fk o`frhnk cbgb orhyfdw bn`nobs wbs jrnod`nbs {rb y`cwknykwbobw o`nwkcdo`wdks ybw` s`n o`hyfbhbnkwdks1 ckwB_SKGDFDCKC T WDMDCBQ kf orbwy`& y`sbbw JFBUDGDFDCKC

ykwk ybwhddw `c`s srs h`zdhdbn`s t ckw YW@SBOODN kf_dsbhk Nbwzd`s` kf {rb o`ndbnb.

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Fk knk`hk cb fk O`frhnk bs hrt o`hyfbak t n` cbak cbs`wywbncbw kn k k{rbff`s {rb fk bsrcdkn ekob dbhy`& y`w

bff` ykwk `wmkndqkw sr o`hywbnsdn zkh`s k cdzdcdwfk bncdjbwbnbs srg(rndckcbs knkhdoks1

! Erbs`s

! Kwdorfkod`nbs! Cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs

! Fdmkhbn`s! Hsorf`s! Nbwzd`s

Erbs`s cb fk

o`frhnk.Wbmdn obwzdokfFk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf bs o`hyrbsk y`w ?? erbs`s t yrbcb

sbw cdzdcdck bn 2 wbmd`nbs._dbhywb sb nrhbwkn cb kwwdgk ekodk kgka` t bs o`hyrbsk

y`w1( = zwbgwks obwzdokfbs1 O; k O=.

( ;7 zwbgwks `wodoks %` c`wskfbs$1 S; k S;7.( 2 zwbgwks frhgkwbs1 F; k F2.( 2 zwbgwks skowks %jrsd`nkcks o`nj`whknc` bf

skow`$1 _; k _2.( ?/3 zwbgwks o`oombks

%jrsd`nkcks o`nj`whknc` bf o`uds$.

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Bn s bs rn `c` t cbgb sbw zds` o`h` rnk rndckc {rbsb knkfdqk cb bsb h`c` y`w h`dz`s knkhdo`s t

gd`hbondo`s ybw` {rb n` sb cds`odkn kn` o`h` hroeks

zbobs sb owbb.

Rsbc ek zds` rn bcdjdod` {rb bnmk mwdbks `yw`gfbhks bswrorwkfbs bn bf ? yds` t {rb n` kjbob bn odbwk

hknbwk kf 20

Hroe`s kr`wbs cdzdcbn k fk o`frhnk

gd`hbondokhbnb bn wbs o`frhnks1Knbwd`w %orbwy` cb fk zwbgwk t cdso`sdnbwzbwbgwkfbs$

Hbcd` %oknkf cb fk hcrfk t sr kwo` cb yw`boodn$Y`sbwd`w %kyjdsds bsydn`sks t wknszbwsk$.

Fk o`frhnk knbwd`w bncwk o`h` jrnodn ywdnodykf bfs`sn t fk wknshdsdn cbf ybs` %fks okwmks$ {rb wbodgb fk

o`frhnk.9Fk o`frhnk hbcdk bncwk fk jrnodn cb yw`boodn cbf_dsbhk Nbwzd`s` t fk wknshdsdn cb fk dnj`whkodn zdkf {rb

y`w kff wknsorwwb.Fk o`frhnk y`sbwd`w sbwk fk bnokwmkck cb h`zbw `

jdakw fk o`frhnk hbcdknb fks hfdyfbs dnsbwod`nbshrsorfkwbs {rb sb ckn bn srs kyjdsds t {rb wbkfdqkn bf

o`nw`f cbf w`no`.

Fk rndckc jrnod`nkf cb fk OZ s`n c`s zwbgwks rndcksy`w rn cdso` dnbwzbwbgwkf& c`s kwdorfkod`nbs

qdmky`jdsdkwdks t zkwd`s fdmkhbn`s {rb fks wbfkod`nkn.

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@ sbk1 okck zwbgwk y`sbb wbs kwdorfkod`nbs o`n fkzwbgwk dnjbwd`w k bffk t wbs o`n fk zwbgwk srybwd`w&

dnsbwodn cb dnjdndckc cb hsorf`s t fdmkhbn`s t fk skfdckcb c`s wkobs ybwdjwdoks y`w kwwdgk t `wks c`s wkobs

ybwdjwdoks y`w cbgka`.

S`cks bsks bswrorwks {rb n`hgwkh`s eksk k{r s`nokykobs cb mbnbwkw c`f`w t bs y`w bff` {rb bf cdkmnsdo` cbf

c`f`w cb OZ cbgb sbw eboe` y`w rn buybw` gkskc` bn rnyw`jrnc` o`n`odhdbn` cb fk knk`hk& gd`hbondok t

ofndok cb fk OZ.

Y`sbb k c`s zwbgwks kydoks o`h` O; %kfks$ t O7 %kuds$.

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Fk kwdorfkodn bnwb bf `oodydkf %`O9 o`h` hroe`s f` ffkhkn$ t O;1

`oodyd`kf`dcbk gwdnck bf 29" cb fkjfbu`(bubnsdn cbf orbff`

%sbwk fk kwdorfkodn {rb cdob s$.Fk kwdorfkodn bnwb O; t O71

kfkn`ku`dcbk gwdnck bf 29" cb fkw`kodn obwzdokf %sbwk fk kwdorfkodn {rb

cdob {rb n`$.

Khgks kwdorfkod`nbs dbnbn fk

dhy`wknsdhk kwbk cb ksbmrwkw fke`wdq`nkfdckc cb fk okgbqk t y`w bncb fk

hdwkck {rb bs zdkf ykwk nrbsw` b{rdfdgwd`t h`zdfdckc.

Frbm` cb O? k O= y`sbbn zwbgwkswbfkdzkhbnb yb{rbks hs ywbykwkcks

ykwk mbnbwkw h`zdfdckc {rb wbsdsdw okwmks%`a` k{rbff`s {rb ekobn dnzbwsd`nbs cbokgbqk bn t`mk t okwmkn bs`s erbs`s

buobsdzkhbnb$._r h`zdfdckc ywbc`hdnknb bs fk

w`kodn.

Bnwb srs orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs dbnbnskfdck fks wkobs cbf yfbu` gwk{rdkf {rb

ffbzkn t wkbn `ck fk dnj`whkodnsbnsddzk t h``wk cb f`s gwkq`s

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Fk Wbmdn `wodok

_`n ;7 zwbgwks gksknb sdhdfkwbs {rb sb cdjbwbnodkny`w y`sbbw okwdffks o`skfbs ykwk fks o`sdffks {rb gwdnckn

yw`boodn k wmkn`s zdkfbs o`h` bf o`wkqn t f`s yrfh`nbs.Bs rnk wbmdn {rb yrbcb ywbsbnkw cdjbwbnbs

kfbwkod`nbs h`wj`fmdoks o`h` bso`fd`sds& wbodjdokod`nbs&c`ws` orwz` {rb kjbok nrbswk y`srwk yrcdbnc` ffbmkw bn

oks`s mwkzbs k o`hyw`hbbw fk okykodckc wbsydwk`wdk `okwckok.

N` bs rnk wbmdn hzdf y`w buobfbnodk t y`w bff` sd gdbnbs rnk wbmdn {rb yrbcb `oksd`nkw c`f`wbs bs hrt kydo` {rb

kfmrdbn fbs orbnb {rb sb bs wkknc` y`w rnk ebwndk cb

cdso` `wodok._dn bhgkwm` bs c`ncb sb srbfbn yw`crodw fks jwkorwks

cb orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs ydoks cb fk `sb`y`w`sds {rb kmwkzknbf bno`wzkhdbn` knbwd`w cbf w`no`.

Cdoe` bno`wzkhdbn` knbwd`w bn oks` cb budsdw cbknbs bs rn jko`w cb wdbsm` cb bsb dy` cb jwkorwks

krhbnknc` bf wdbsm` cb yw`crodwfks y`w fk kfbwkodn bn bf

bab cb fk mwkzbckc {rb mbnbwk.

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Wbmdn frhgkw

_`n fks 2 zwbgwks hs mwkncbs cbf

orbwy` erhkn` tk {rb bffks okwmkn hsybs` {rb ndnmrnk `wk.Fk kwdorfkodn bnwb F2 t bf skow` bs

fk kwdorfkodn {rb hs ybs` wbodgb cbforbwy` erhkn` okwmknc` kfwbcbc`w cbf

:9" cbf ybs` `kf cbf dncdzdcr`.

K fk kfrwk cb fk kwdorfkodn bnwb srzwbgwk srybwd`w1 F; t F7 bwhdnk fkhcrfk bsydnkf cb rn kcrf` t o`hdbnqk bf

o`n` hbcrfkw {rb bs rnk dnjdndckc cbokgfbs {rb gkakn fds`s ykwk skfdw okck rn`y`w sr kmrabw` %j`wkhbn$ o`wwbsy`ncdbnb.

Bn f`s nd`s fk hcrfk bsydnkf sb

budbncb eksk F?.Bnwb srs orbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs dbnbnskfdck fks wkobs cbf yfbu` frhgkw {rb

ffbzkn t wkbn `ck fk dnj`whkodnsbnsddzk t h``wk cb fk ybfzds t fks

ydbwnks.

_r h`zdfdckc ywdnodykf bs fkjfbu`bubnsdn t sb ekffk hrt kjbokcky`w fk h`zdfdckc t jfbudgdfdckc cb fks

ydbwnks t ybfzds.

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Kwdorfkod`nbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf

Fk kwdorfkod`nbs cb fk o`frhnk zbwbgwkf cb rn kcrf`bsn o`hyrbsks y`w kwdorfkod`nbs jdgw`okwdfkmdn`sks %cdso`s

dnbwzbwbgwkfbs$ t sdn`zdkfbs %dnbwky`jdsdkwdks$.Okck rnk yw`zbb rn yb{rb` h`zdhdbn` {rb sb srhkn k

f` fkwm` cb fks 73 zwbgwks.Bs`s yb{rb`s wknm`s cb h`zdhdbn`s sb srhkn t f`mwkn

rnk o`frhnk jfbudgfb o`n wbs yfkn`s cb h`zdhdbn`s%bubnsdn t jfbudn& dnofdnkod`nbs fkbwkfbs t w`kod`nbs$.

Fk h`zdfdckc cb okck wbmdn cb fk o`frhnk bs ko`wcb o`nbf bsybs`w cb srs cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs& fk j`whk t `wdbnkodncb fks okwdffks kwdorfkwbs& fdmkhbn`s& bnc`nbs t `w`s badc`s

o`h` fks o`sdffks bn fk wbmdn `wodok.Okck zwbgwk y`sbb c`s kwdorfkod`nbs dnbwky`jdsdkwdks

srybwd`wbs o`n fk zwbgwk srybwd`w t c`s o`n fk dnjbwd`w.Okck rnk y`sbb sr oysrfk& bnc`nbs t hsorf`s {rb fk

yw`bmbn.

F`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs s`n kwdorfkod`nbs jdgw`okwdfkmdn`sks.

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Cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs

F`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs wbywbsbnkn bf 72" cb fkkfrwk `kf cb fk o`frhnk %bf `w` =2" o`wwbsy`ncb k f`s

orbwy`s$.

Bsn sdrkc`s bnwb fks 73 zwbgwks %k buobyodn cb fkrndn bnwb bf `oodydkf t O; t bnwb O; t O7$.

F`s cdso`s dnbwzbwbgwkfbs s`n kwdorfkod`nbs bnwb f`sorbwy`s zbwbgwkfbs t sr jrnodn bs kgs`wgbw ybs`s& wknshddw

okwmks t mbnbwkw yb{rb`s h`zdhdbn`s cbgdc` k sr

o`hywbnsdgdfdckc t bfksdodckc.

Bf cdso` bs o`hyrbs` y`w c`s ykwbs {rb y`cwkh`ssdhyfdjdokw cb bsk hknbwk1 dhkmdnb c`s yfk`s %okck rn` sbwkrn orbwy` zbwbgwkf$ sbykwkc`s y`w rn mf`g` yb{rb` ffbn` cb

kmrk %nofb` yrfy`s`$ {rb okck zbq {rb ywbsd`nkn s`gwb bfyfk` srybwd`w sb buykncb wknshddnc`fk bn `cks cdwbood`nbs

t kgs`wgdbnc` ks ykwb cb fk ywbsdn ekodk f`s o`skc`s.

Gdbn& ke`wk dhkmdnb {rb k bsb mf`g` fb ckn 29 zrbfkskfwbcbc`w o`n odnk kcebsdzk %kndff` jdgw`s`$ {rb o`ndbnb fks

buyknsd`nbs cbf mf`g` t ktrck k kgs`wgbw fks jrbwqks.Bsb sdsbhk bs bn bskc` cb ywbbnsdn y`w sr kf`

o`nbndc` cb f{rdc`& f` {rb fb o`njdbwb rnks yw`ydbckcbs

bsybodkfbs cb zdso`bfksdodckc t wbsdsbnodk.

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Bf kndff` jdgw`s` bs rnk bswrorwk o`hyrbsk y`w = okykso`nonwdoks cb jdgwks o`fmbnks {rb bnodbwwkn kf nofb`

yrfy`s`. Bf kndff` jdgw`s` s`f` bs dnbwzkc` bn fk ykwb bubwnk

cb srs jdgwks.Bs` buyfdok {rb fk cbmbnbwkodn cbf cdso` yrbck sbw dnc`f`wkhdbnwks n` kjbob k fk okyk hs bubwnk cbf kndff` jdgw`s`