Concrete Formwork

5

(.6)

-09 .. 2558

5 ..2558 .6 -09 5 1 Concrete Formwork 5 (Concrete Formwork )

2558

1. 1

1.1 1 1.2 3 1.3 3

2. 4 2.1 4

3. 16 3.1 16 3.2 19

4. 38 4.1 38 4.2 45

5. 59 5.1 59 5.2 59 5.3 60

61 62

2.1 CEB CIRA 4 2.2 k (CEB) 6 2.3 8 2.4 (...) 13 2.5 APA 13 2.6 14 3.1 22 3.2 23 3.3 25 3.4 25

1.1 2 1.2 3 2.1 15 3.1 . 17 3.2 . 18 3.3 19 3.4 21 3.5 (Stringer) 22 3.6 24 3.7 K factor ( ...) 26 3.8 27 3.9 28 3.10 30 3.11 30 3.12 36 4.1 45 4.2 45 4.3 45 4.4 46 4.5 Concrete Formwork 46 4.6 46 4.7 47 4.8 47 4.9 Basin 4 48 4.10 Basin 48 4.11 COUNTERFORT 49 4.12 Ogee Spillway 50 4.13 51 4.14 Spring Clip 57 4.15 58

1

1.1

20 2520 1:50,000 5343 III 839-862 17-02 32 101-40 00 1 -

(Outlet) (River Outlet) (Spillway)

1

2558

1.1

2

2558

1.2

5 (Concrete Formwork ) (1) (Concrete Formwork) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 1.3

1.2

1.2

/

/

3

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2

2.1

2

2.1.1

1)

LDfDcT WWWW (2.1)

TW DcW 1,700 ./.3 2,700 ./.3 ACI Comite Euro-International de Beton ( CEB ) 2,400 ./.3 CIRA 2,500 ./.3 DfW 15 ./.2 75 ./.2 50 ./.2 LW 200 ./.3 500 ./.3 ACI 245 ./.2 CEB CIRA 2.1 2.1 CEB CIRA

( . ) ( ./.2) 0 0.20 100

0.20 0.30 150 0.30 0.60 200

> 0.60 250

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2)

. ACI-347 ACI 347 Type I 4 ( 10 . ) 4 ( 1.2 . )

2 ./.

)8.17(0.8078.0 CTRP (2.2)

2 ./. 3 ./.

)8.17(49.2

)8.17(7.11078.0 CC T

RT

P (2.3)

P ( ./.2 ) R ( ./. ) CT ( ) H ( . )

0.98 ./.2 hP ( hP = H ; = 2,400 ./.2 ) 0.29 ./.2

. CEB (Comite Euro-International du Beton)

CEB 3 3

P=h (2.3)

P ( ./.2 ) (./.3) h ( . )

Ps=2,400kR+500 (2.3)

5

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( ./.2 ) (./.) 2.2

2.2 (CEB)

(.)

k ()

5 10 15 20 25 30 2.50 1.45 1.10 0.80 0.60 0.45 0.35 5.00 1.90 1.45 1.10 0.80 0.60 0.45 7.50 2.35 1.80 1.35 1.00 0.75 0.55 10.00 2.75 2.10 1.60 1.15 0.90 0.65

Pa=300R+10,000d+1,500 (2.3)

(./.2) (./.) (.)

2.1.2 1) ( Flexure )

2.3 ( Flexural Stress )

bbb FfSM

IMcf ; (2.4)

bf ( ./.2 ) bF ( ./.2 ) M ( .-. ) c ( . ) I ( .4 ) S ( .2 )

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2) ( Shearing ) 2.3

2wlV (2.5)

85wlV (2.6)

V ( . ) w ( ./. ) l ( . )

IbVQ (2.7)

( ./. ) V ( . ) Q 1 ( .3 ) I ( .4 ) b ( .)

bdV

23 (2.8)

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2.3

maxV (.) maxM

( .-. ) max ( . )

wl

22wl

EIwl8

4

2wl

82wl

EIwl

3845 4

85wl

82wl

EIwl

1854

85wl

102wl

EIwl

1454

2wl

2822 wawl

264

32

3 alalEIwa

( ./. ) V ( . ) b ( . ) d ( . )

American Institute of Timber Construction (AITC)

2 1

8

2558

dLwV 22 (2.9)

dLwV 285 (2.10)

dbVw

(2.11)

( ./. ) V ( . ) wb ( . ) d ( . )

3) ( Tensile )

ts A

Tf (2.12)

yt FF 60.0 (2.13) ..

//SFFFt (2.14)

T ( . ) sf ( ./.2 ) tA (.2 ) tF ( . )

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2558

//F ( . ) ..SF ( . )

4) ( Compression )

AITC

2/3.0dLEFa (2.15)

aF ( ./.2 ) E ( ./.2 ) L ( . ) d ( . )

aF )/( dL 50

American Association State Highway and Transportation Officials ( AASHO )

2/021.0120,1 rLFa ( Riveted Ends ) (2.16)

2/027.0120,1 rLFa (Pinned End ) (2.17)

aF ( ./.2 ) L ( . ) r )/( AIr ) ( . ) I ( .4 ) A ( .2 )

A-36 2,500 ./.2 AASHO ( 2.18 2.19) (, 2538)

10

2558

132/;/033.0250,1 2 rLrLFa (2.18)

132/;)/(000,000,102 rLrLFa (2.19)

aF ( ./.2 ) L ( . ) r )/( AIr ) ( . ) I ( .4 ) A ( .2 )

2.18 2.19 1,000 ./.2

1,000 ./.2 1,000 ./.2

5) ( Deflection )

ACI

EIwl

3845 4

max (2.20)

EIwl

1284

max (2.21)

max ( . ) w ( . / .2 ) a (. ) E ( . / .2 ) I ( .4 )

)360/(L

( crL )

11

2558

360.0wExLcr (2.22)

371.0wExLcr (2.23)

2.1.3

3-4 2-4 15 ( , 2540 )

-

- -

1 10 ..

-

1)

) 2.4

12

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2.4 ( ... )

( ./.2)

( ./.2)

( ./.2) ( ./.2)

78,900 60 45 12 - 94,100 80 60 16 8 112,300 100 75 22 10 136,300 120 90 30 12 189,000 150 110 40 15

) American Plywood

Association (APA) Class I Class II Structure I 2.5 )360/(L

2.5 APA

Class I Class II Structure I ( /. ) 1,930 1,330 1,930 ( ./.. ) 135 93 135 ( /. ) 80 72 102 ( ./.. ) 5.6 5.0 7.1 ( /. ) 1,650,000 1,430,000 1,600,000 ( ./.. ) 115,500 100,000 112,000

) A-36

American Society for Testing and Materials ( ASTM ) 2,520 ./.2 4,000 - 5,600 ./.2 20 % 2,400 ./.2 3,200 ./.2 2,400 ./.2 4,100 ./.2 23 % ... 1003-18 AISC

)

4 B

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2 C 2 BC D 2.6

2.6

( )

( .. )

( . )

( . )

( . )

B , C , BC D

3/8 1/2

0.50 0.90

3,000 4,000

2,100 2,800

18 31 25 - 36

2.1.4

(http://www.vpcgroup.co.th/)

1)

SAFETY FACTOR ()

-

- Live Load

- Dead Load

- Bearing Capacity

14

2558

2)

..2512

2.1 (: www.jirarot-sk.co.th)

15

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3

3.1

3.1.1 1)

47 QQU 825-860 1:50,000 5343 III 839-862 17-02 32 101-40 00 (1) 59,592 24,912 () 34,680 (2) 6.30 ../ (3) 604.00 30.80 +298.50 (.) +293.50 .(.) 2,750 48.984 .. 35.807 .. Core Zone 96,070 .. Random Zone 249,780 .. 345,850 .. (Zoned Type Dam) (Core Zone) (Impervious Soil) (Shell Zone Random Zone) 3.1 ()-()

16

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Blanket Drain Rockfill Toe (Core Zone) (Bedding) (Random Zone) Chimney Drain

()

()

3.1 .

(Spillway)

57.36 (+293.50 ..) (Over topping) 1,160 .. +296.44 .. 105 (Control Point) (Chute)

17

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3.2 ()-()

()

()

3.2 (Spillway) .

3.1.2 , 2

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3.1.3 , 3.2

2 (Horizontal Formwork System ) (Vertical Formwork System)

3.2.1 (Horizontal Formwork System) (Concrete Formwork) 0.70 11.267 3 11.77 3.3

3.3

11.77 .

19

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1) ( Plywood ) )

- = 0.30 m. )

- = 245 kg/m2 - = 2,400 x 0.70 = 1,680 kg/m2 ( 2,400

kg/m3) - = 50 kg/m2 - -- = 15 kg/m2

= 245+1,680+50+15 = 1,990 kg/m2 > 450 kg/m2 ((+ ) 450 kg./m.2 600 kg./m.2 )

) () - 3/4 19 mm. ( I = 0.199 in4 (8.28

cm4), S = 0.455 in3(7.46 cm.3), QIb / = 7.187 in2(46.37 cm.2), 2.20 psf., bF = 1,545 psi = 108.62 ksc., sF = 57 psi = 4.01 ksc., E = 1,500,000 psi = 105,452.91 ksc. ))

) -

.16.20)100/990,1()62.108)(46.7(16.316.3,10

2cm

wSFbL

SwL

SM

IMcFb

- .27.35)100/990,1(

) 105,452.91)(28.8(74.074.0,360145 334

cmwEILL

EIwl

- Shear .95.14)37.46)(100/990,1625.0

01.4())(625.0(,)10028.8(625.0 cm

xQIb

wFL

xwLQ

IbVQF ss

20.16 cm. 20.00 cm. 3/4 19 mm. 3.4

20

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3.4

2) (Joist) )

- = 0.30 m. - .107, HS41: yF = 2,400 ksc.; uF = 4,100 ksc.

) (1,990 kg/m2) - = wA = 1,990 x 0.30 = 597 kg/m. ( 3.4 )

) 3.1

[] 38 x 38 x 1.60 mm. ( I = 4.92 cm4, S = 2.59 cm.3, A = 2.264 cm.2, 1.78 kg./m.)

)