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Composicin.Material compuesto por aleacin de hierro (96%) carbn(3%) y otros materiales (1%).Se produceIndustrialmente en instalaciones complejas(Acera)Puede obtenerse de materia prima mineral(Perlitas, piritas, austenitas) o a partir de chatarra, como reciclaje, en hornos elctricos. Se produce comoPerfiles de forma y tamao preestablecidos1.2 Proceso de produccin.La produccin se inicia con la explotacin del mineral de hierro y del carbn coquizable en minas que por lo general

estn algo alejadas de la acera. En esas minas, se redu-ce un tanto el nivel de impurezas por lavado ytrituracin ,tra nsp ort nd ose por lo gen era l por va fr rea has ta la planta. En la acera, el carbn setrata por sublimacin para convertirlo en coque, que es un material calcinado al cual sele han extrado losalquitranes. El mineral se traslada al alto horno, que consume, para su operacin, adems del coque, mineral dehierro, y mineral granulado (snter), una gran cantidad de aire que le suministran maquinas sopladoras; lafundicin se efecta a temperaturas superiores de 1300 C y para ello el coque acta como elemento reductor y combustible. El material producido por el alto horno, se conoce como arrabio y tiene un contenido de carbono tanalto que no es maleable ni forjable. Posteriormente el arrabio se conduce a la acera y se recibe en unme zcl ad or pa ra ho mo ge ni zar lo y d el cu al se saca este para llevarlo a los convertidores Bessemer endonde se le somete a una corriente de aire enriquecido con oxgeno que, junto con la cal que se adiciona previa-mente,elimina los elementos que se encuentran en exceso, tales como carbonos, silicio y fsforo. Una vez obtenido el tipo deacero que se desea, es vaciado en moldes deforma de tronco piramidal en donde, despus de enfrindose obtienenlos tochos que, previo control de calidad sobre sus propiedades fsicas (ensayos de cuchara) pasan a luego ala planta de laminacinEn la etapa de laminacin, se recalientan los tochos y se someten a paso sucesivos entre rodillos de acero de

caractersticas especiales que determinan la forma final del producto. El tren desbastador recibe lingotescuadrados y planos, para producir grandes barras de seccin cuadrada o rectangulares, conocidoscomo palanquillas, q u e s o n l a materia prima de los dems productos

1.2 Process of production.

Material composed for alloy of iron (96%), coal (3%) and other materials (1%). Industrially occurs in facilities complex (Steelworks) can be obtained from mineral raw materials (beads, pyrite, austenitas) or from scrap, as

recycling, electric ovens. Profiles produced as preset size and shape

The production begins with the exploitation of iron ore and coking coal mines are usually somewhat removedfrom the steelworks. In these mines, ce is reduced somewhat by the level of impurities washing and shredding,usually transported by rail to the ground. In the mill, the coal is treated by sublimation to convert coke, which isa calcined material which sele tars have been removed. The ore is transferred to the furnace, which uses, for its operation, as well as coke, iron ore and mineral granulate (sinter), a large amount of air blowers that supply,the casting is performed at temperatures higher than 1300 C and thereby reducing coke and acts as a fuel.The material produced by the blast furnace pig iron and known as having a high carbon content so that it ismalleable or forgeable. Subsequently the iron is fed to the mill and is received in a mixer which homogenizarloand to carry out this Bessemer converters where it is subjected to a stream of oxygen-enriched air which,together with the lime which is added previously eliminates elements that are in excess, such as carbon, siliconand phosphorus. Once the type of steel you want, is poured into molds deformed truncated pyramid where,

after cooling billets obtained, previous quality control over their physical properties (spoon tests) pass then tothe plant laminationIn the rolling step, the billets are reheated and subjected to successive step between steel rollerscharacteristics which determines the final shape of the product. The roughing mill receives square and flatbars, bars for producing large square or rectangular section, known as billets, which are the raw material for other products

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el acero no es solo hierro sino contienene otros componentes como el carbon steel production

schemesteel production scheme

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SCRAP

AIR

STEEL

BILLET

CONVERTER TO AXIGENO

FERROALLOYS