Cogen Anoop1

8/10/2019 Cogen Anoop1

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Electricity is more versatile.

A disadvantage of electricity is that it cannot

be easily stored on a large scale.

in conventional power plants, where the fuel

consumption is varied with the load

requirements

POWER ELECTRONICS IN WIND AND SOLAR CONVERSION


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The photovoltaic and wind, being intermittent

sources of power, cannot meet the load

demand all of the time.

The energy storage, therefore, is a desired

feature to incorporate with renewable power

systems, particularly in stand-alone plants.



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electrochemical battery

flywheel. compressed air.

superconducting coil.



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the primary battery, which converts the

chemical energy into the electrical energy. The

electrochemical reaction in the primary

battery is non reversible

thesecondary battery, which is also known as

the rechargeable battery. electrochemical

reaction in the secondary battery is reversible



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In both the charge and the discharge modes, a

small fraction of energy is converted into heat

The round trip conversion efficiency is

between 70 and 80 percent



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There are at least six major rechargeable

electro chemistries available today

lead-acid (Pb-acid).

nickel-cadmium (NiCd).

nickel-metal hydride (NiMH).

lithium-ion (Li-ion). lithium-polymer (Li-poly).

zinc-air.



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most common type of rechargeable battery used today

high performance over cost ratio

least energy density by weight and volume

comes in various versions. The shallow-cycle version is usedin automobiles where a short burst of energy is drawn

The deep-cycle version, on the other hand, is suitable for

repeated full charge and discharge cycles. Most energy

storage applications require deep-cycle batteries.



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has positive electrodes made of cadmium and

the negative electrodes of nickel hydroxide

have a longer deep cycle life, and are more

temperature tolerant than the lead-acid

batteries



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extension of NiCd technology

offers an improvement in energy density over

that in NiCd.

construction difference is that the anode is

made of a metal hydride

eliminates the environmental concerns of

cadmium

Compared to NiCd, NiMH is expensive at

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offers three times the energy density over that

of lead-acid.

lithium-ion has higher cell voltage of 3.5

versus 2.0 for lead acid and 1.2 for other

electro chemistries.



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lithium battery with solid polymer electrolytes

Constructed with a film of metallic lithium

bonded to a thin layer of solid polymer

electrolyte.

solid polymer enhances the cells specific

energy by acting as both the electrolyte and

the separator



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offers three times the energy density over that

of lead-acid.

lithium-ion has higher cell voltage of 3.5

versus 2.0 for lead acid and 1.2 for other

electro chemistries.



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flywheels are very commonly used due to the

simplicity of storing kinetic energy in a

spinning mass.

There are two broad classes of flywheel-

energy-storage technologies. One is a

technology based on low-speed flywheels (up

to 6000 r/min) with steel rotors andconventional bearing

The other one involves modern high-speed

flywheel systems (up to 60 000 r/min)POWER ELECTRONICS IN WIND AND SOLAR CONVERSION


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Super capacitors, which are also known as

ultra capacitors or electric double layer

capacitors (EDLC), are built up with modules

of single cells connected in series and packedwith adjacent modules connected in parallel.

Single cells are available with capacitance

values from 350 to 2700 F and operate in therange of 2 V.



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New trends focused on using ultra capacitors

to cover temporary high peak power demands

, integration with other energy-storage

technologies, and development of high-voltage applications.



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In an SMES, a coil of superconducting wire

stores electrical energy in a magnetic field

without resistive losses

The system operates by injecting a dc current

into the superconducting coil, which stores

the energy in magnetic field. When a load

must be fed, the current is generated usingthe energy stored in the magnetic field. One

of the major advantages of SMES is the ability

to release large quantities of power during aPOWER ELECTRONICS IN WIND AND SOLAR CONVERSION


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COGENERATION CASE STUDY

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