City Report Santiago de Compostela Summary WP2 results Package... · City Report Santiago de...
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City Report Santiago de Compostela
Summary WP2 results
Report created by TU WIEN team
Rudolf Giffinger
Gudrun Haindlmaier
Hui Lu
Florian Strohmayer
August 2014
contact: [email protected]
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City Report Santiago de Compostela
Main aim of report
As energy efficiency is high on the European
agenda (one of the goals of the European
Union’s 20-20-20 plan is to improve energy
efficiency by 20% in 2020), the EU-funded
PLEEC project (“Planning for Energy Efficient
Cities”) uses an integrative approach to
accomplish the sustainable, energy efficient
smart city. By coordinating strategies and
combining best practices, PLEEC develops a general model for energy efficiency and sustainable city
planning.
In this report the findings of WP 2 for the city of Santiago de Compostela are summarized providing insight
to the city’s profile as precondition for positioning, to comparable cities and in particular to innovation
potentials and respective potential partners for road maps aiming at energy efficient urban development.
Most important questions on energy efficiency which have to be answered by city partners and leaders of
WP 3 to WP 5 are listed in the end of this synoptic report.
Target group
This report addresses representatives of respective PLEEC-City and Leaders of work packages 3 to 5 and 6.
WP7: Dissemination
WP
2:
Sm
art
cit
y p
rofi
les
WP
6:
Sy
nerg
y o
f
pe
rsp
ec
tiv
es a
nd
ac
tio
n
pla
n WP3: Technology driven efficiency
potentials
WP4: Structure driven efficiency
potentials
WP5: Behaviour driven efficiency
potentials
Santigo de Compostela fact sheet
Inhabitants 249.900 2012
Households 107.575 2013
Number of dwellings 113.127 2013
Number of residential buildings 109.846 2013
Settled area in km² 78,94 2014
Gross Value Added per capita in € € ~21.000,- 2013
Gross disposable income € ~35.000,- 2011
Source: Stoke-on-Trent City Council
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(1) City profile of Santiago de Compostela – General conditions
Strengths and weaknesses in 6 Smart City key fields:
The city of Santiago de Compostela is well performing in health conditions, regarding cultural facilities as
well as in individual security. Due to its cultural importance, the city is very important as tourist location.
Santiago de Compostela shows an average performance in the domains Smart Economy, Smart People,
Smart Governance and Smart Mobility. For instance the availability of IT-infrastructure is below European
average, even its innovative spirit as well as economic image and trademarks still has to be improved.
Comparing the coloured line with the
dashed line (or the zero line below)
Santiago de Compostela’s smart city
performance in the 6 key fields is similar to
this of the European average city. Santiago
de Compostela has a rather compact profile
with outstandingly well performing Smart
Living conditions.
The analysis of city characteristics using the
Smart City data base of 81 components allows
for a detailed benchmarking along several
dimensions for 77 medium sized European
cities.
For details see report “European Smart City
Profiles Santiago de Compostela”.
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(2) Comparative positioning of Santiago de Compostela
In chapter (1) the performance of Santiago de Compostela on key fields of urban development is analysed
in a comparative way. The city profile of Santiago de Compostela reveals the specific opportunities and
threats that will confront Santiago de Compostela on its innovation journey towards an energy-efficient
development. Here in chapter (2) Santiago de Compostela is grouped with other cities due to similar
performance in all key fields across 77 cities.
Hence, this typology and clustering allows for benchmarking and an easy identification of comparable cities
in order to look for best practices. However, in order to select reasonable best practices from other cities of
cluster 5 and, consequently, to estimate their potential impact on Santiago de Compostela, the local
characteristics (specific strengths and weaknesses) of Santiago de Compostela have to be examined in more
detail (see section 3 of this report).
Cluster 1
Cluster 2
Cluster 3
Cluster 4
Cluster 5
Cluster 6
Sources of basemap: TUWIEN 2013 based on
Esri, GEBCO, NOAA, National Geographic, DeLorme, NAVTEQ, Geonames.org and other contributors;
EuroGeographics
On the level of 6 key fields
(Smart Economy, Smart Living,
Smart Environment, Smart
Mobility, Smart People and
Smart Government) a multiple
correspondence analysis is
conducted. The resulting typ-
ology of European cities shows
up with three big clusters and
three smaller ones.
This typology reveals specific
strengths and weaknesses of
cities in comparison to others
and provides the opportunity
to identify suitable cities for
exchange of best practices.
For details see report “Typology
of Cities”.
As shown in the map above, Santiago de Compostela is to be found in cluster 5 among cities like
Aalborg, Aarhus, Aberdeen, Brugge, Cardiff, Cork, Eindhoven, Enschede, Erfurt, Gent, Innsbruck, Kiel,
Leicester, Ljubljana, Madgeburg, Maribor, Pamplona, Plzen, Portsmouth, Regensburg, Rostock, Stoke-
on-Trent, Trier, Verona.
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(3) Cities with similar or different profiles
Very obviously Santiago de Compostela belongs to the group of cities of cluster 5. This is the flagship-
average-cluster concerning each key field, orientated towards the mean of all analysed European cities (i.e.,
compared to the broken line) Hence, cities of this group are characterized through a strongly balanced
urban development in the respective key fields. As they show a more or less average performance in
comparison to 76 other medium sized cities in Europe the question raises in which key fields the city will
improve its performance and how to keep its balanced performance at a higher level.
Craiova, Sibiu, Timisoara Liepaja, Kaunas, Kosice, Pleven, Ruse, Larisa, Patrai
Ancona, Banska Bystrica, Bialystok, Bydgoszcz, Coimbra, Gyor, Kielce, Miskolc, Nitra, Oviedo, Padova, Pecs, Perugia, Rzeszow, Suwalki, Szczecin, Tartu, Trento, Trieste, Usti nad labem, Valladolid, Venezia
Graz, Linz, Luxembourg, Salzburg
Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Eskilstuna, Goettingen, Groningen, Joenkoeping, Jyväskylä, Montpellier, Nancy, Nijmegen, Odense, Oulu, Pointiers, Tampere, Turku, Umeaa
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(4) Key fields and domains of energy efficient urban development
In order to structure efforts of energy efficient urban development a general framework defined by key
fields with respective domains was elaborated based on the expertise of stakeholders in 6 partner cities (2
surveys) as well as on the expertise of all PLEEC-partners in respective workshops. The result indicates 5 key
fields of urban development in which energy efficiency is supposed to become important. Respective
domains are defined from a strategic point of view in order to identify innovation potentials on the
background of the recent situation/performance. Hence, this structure will guide future PLEEC-project
activities elaborating the meaning of technical, structural and behavioural/educational activities aiming at
the improvement of energy efficient urban development. However, these results should induce an
evidence based (deficits, potentials) discussion and effective selection of activities (measures, projects) in
terms of technology, governance and behaviour/education in an enhanced network of city stakeholders!
Broad acceptance (71% of respondents in
Santiago de Compostela fully agreed) of the
definition: “Energy efficiency means the use
of less energy to provide the same service
considering aspects of economic, social and
ecologic sustainability and the life-cycle of
materials.”
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
No
Yes
From a stakeholders’ point of view the most important domains for energy efficiency in general are: Renovation and refurbishment
Public transport Heating and cooling grids
Public lightning Industry and commerce
(most often considered as important domains for energy efficiency by all stakeholders in Santiago de Compostela)
Agreement on EE definition by stakeholders in %
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(5) Energy efficiency situation and potentials in Santiago de Compostela
Both the current situation on energy efficiency and the prospect for
future innovation potential have been evaluated Santiago de Compostela.
The figure below how stakeholders in Santiago de Compostela evaluate
the current status on energy efficiency in the city compared to the
estimated innovation potential for Santiago de Compostela within the
respective domains.
It can be seen very clearly, that the innovation potential as evaluated by
its stakeholders differs very much from the current energy efficiency
situation. Private households are only domain where current situation
meets the potential for innovation.
0,000,501,001,502,002,503,003,504,004,505,00
a. Renovation andrefurbishment
b. Innovative buildingtechnologies
c. Spatial structures andland-use
d. Public transport
e. Motorised privatetransport
f. Pedestrian traffic andcycling
g. Transport of goods
h. Waste, water and sewagemanagement
i. Electric power grids
j. (District) heating andcooling grids
k. Public lighting
m. Industry and commerce
n. Private and publicservices
p. Private households
r. Fossil and nuclear energy
t. Renewable energy
innovation potential current contribution
Santiago de
Compostela
Stakeholders‘ perspective
Results of 2 surveys among
stakeholders in PLEEC cities:
The importance of the various
energy efficiency domains as well
as potentials and strategies for
further improvement of energy
efficiency have been analysed in
synthesis with energy related
indicators.
For details see reports “European
Smart City Profiles Santiago de
Compostela” and “Energy Smart
City Profiles”.
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(6) Actors and activities to potentially influence energy efficiency
Stakeholders in Santiago picture outstandingly clear that both city administration and other authorities are
the ones able to influence energy efficiency in the future. With respect to industry and commerce also
(local) companies are named to be influential actors on energy efficiency. Furthermore, regarding
renewable energies as well as motorized private transport lobby and interest groups can play an important
role besides the administrative agencies. In this context, stakeholders in Santiago state that mainly the
optimization of existing transport structures is important to achieve more energy efficiency.
Furthermore, heating and cooling grids are very important in Santiago with focus on “to substitute old
heating and air conditioning systems for more modern ones, over all for more efficient systems”1. The most
important domain for energy efficiency according to respondents is renovation and refurbishment:
“because of its poor conditions in construction and the historical city centre, it’s the perfect city for
refurbishment”.
Consequently, the administrative actors are expected to implement measures to improve energy efficiency
mainly by means of subsidies and financial incentives, investments and regulations. Furthermore,
stakeholders in Santiago think that the
education of citizens is a powerful instrument to raise energy efficiency, especially
with respect to transport and renewable energies.
1 Italic text parts are quotes from stakeholders in survey 1 and 2
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
a. city administration
b. Regional, national or European…
c. Local companies
d. International companies
e. Interest / lobbying groups
f. NGOs
g. Public-Private-Partnerships
h. Media
Santiago
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
a. Subsidies and financial incentives
b. User fees and penalties
c. Public or private investment
d. Public or private procurement…
e. General legal regulations (e.g. laws,…
f. Private-law contracts (e.g. individual…
g. Information and lobbying campaigns
h. Education of citizens
j. Cooperations of different actors
Santiago
Number of stake-
holders in Santiago de
Compostela naming the
particular actor to be
strongly influent-ial on
energy efficient
development
For details see report
“Energy Smart City
Profiles”.
Number of stake-
holders in Santiago de
Compostela naming
the particular activity
to be strongly influen-
tial on energy efficient
development
For details see report
“Energy Smart City
Profiles”.
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(7) Indicators and monitoring of energy efficiency in Santiago de Compostela
GREEN BUILDINGS MOBILITY and TRANSPORT TECHNICAL
INFRASTRUCTURE PRODUCTION and
CONSUMPTION ENERGY SUPPLY
Share of annual thermal renovations
Transport performance in public transport
Waste generation Energy demand in industry Energy supply - solid fuels
Share of dwellings in low- (zero-) energy buildings
Energy demand in public transport
Recycling of waste CO2 emissions in industry Energy supply - gas
Share of public low- (zero-) energy buildings
CO2 emissions in public transport
Waste collection fee Share of companies with energy management
Energy supply - crude oil and petroleum products
Population density Cost of a monthly ticket for public transport
Share of smart-meters Energy demand in service sector
Energy supply - nuclear
Share of detached houses Transport performance in motorised private transport
Share of district heating CO2 emissions in service sector
Electricity tariff - traditional mix
Energy demand in motorised private transport
Share of energy efficient lamps
Energy demand in private households
Energy supply - wind
CO2 emissions in motorised private transport
CO2 emissions in private households
Energy supply - biomass
Cost of petrol
Share of household income spent on petrol
Energy supply - solar
Parking fee
Share of household income spent on electricity
Energy supply - hydropower
Level of motorisation
Energy supply - tide, wave, ocean
Transport performance in bicycle transport
Energy supply - geothermal including heat pump
Transport performance in pedestrian transport
Energy supply - waste
Length of bicycle network per inhabitant
Electricity tariff - renewables mix
Transport performance in transport of goods (freight)
Energy demand in transport of goods (freight)
CO2 emissions in transport of goods (freight)
For the development of a
monitoring system on energy
efficiency, data on a
comprehensive list of 49
indicators on the city level has
been collected for the PLEEC
cities.
For details see city results on
Methodology for Monitoring.
This table shows all indicators available
for Santiago de Compostela (non-
available indicators are displayed in
grey colour). In total, 30 of the 49
PLEEC-indicators have been collected
for Santiago de Compostela.
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(8) Important issues in Santiago de Compostela: Energy efficient urban development in perspective of technology, structure and
behaviour
Evidence-based questions Target group
City WP3 techn.
WP4 struct.
WP5 behav.
Regarding City Profile and Positioning
Is there recently an ongoing discussion in the city of distinct (strategic) projects which presumably will have a particular positive impact on the performance of the key fields smart economy, mobility or people? If yes, can one expect a positive impact on energy efficient urban development?
X X X X
Does the city actively cooperate with other cities in order to use ‘good practice’ experiences? If yes, from which cities? X
Regarding Innovation Potential
What are the main reasons and obstacles hindering a better performance in particular in the domains renewable energy, renovation and refurbishment, innovative building technologies, pedestrian traffic and cycling as well as fossil and nuclear energy?
X X X X
Are there other ongoing (strategic) projects which will have a positive impact on energy efficient urban development in the above mentioned domains? Why do you not expect a higher innovation potential in building technologies?
X X
Regarding Networking
Why is city administration and regional, national and EU administration as very important whereas other actors show only minor importance?
X X
How should the cooperation between public and private actors be improved in order to intensify energy efficient development in different domains??
X X
How to improve cost-effectiveness in the renovation sector? And, how to organize the public and private procurement in a more effective way?
X X
Remark: These questions are dedicated to be answered within the following work packages of PLEEC project together with experts in technology, structures and behaviour!