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CQUAN DINH DNG(Thn cy)

Trn Th Thanh HngKhoa Khoa hc

Chng III

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THN CYTHN CY LL bb phphnn ccaa cycy nnii lilinn gigiaa ll vv rr

ChChcc nngnng ccaa thnthn::

NngNng

VVnn chuychuynn nhnhaa nguynnguyn vv nhnhaa luyluynn

TngTng ccngng bb mmtt ngng hoho

NgoNgoii rara cncn llmm nhinhimm vv quangquang hhpp vv sinhsinhssnn dinhdinh ddngng

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HHnhnh ththii thnthn CCcc bb phphnn ccaa thnthn

CCcc loloii chchii

CCcc ddngng thnthn

CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian

BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn

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Cc b phn ca thn

H thnLng

H rR chnh

R bn

Thn chnh

Phin lCung lL

Cnh

Chi nch

Mu

HoaChi ngn

Chi ca cnh

Gc thn

Nch l

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CCcc bb phphnn ccaa thnthn Thn chnh: thng c dng hnh tr, cthphn nhnh hoc khng, mang l v chi

Cnh: l nhng nhnh bn ca thn chnh

Mu: l ni l nh vo thn hoc cnh

Nch l: gc to bi thn hoc cnh vicung l

Lng (Ging): khong cch gia 2 mu gn nhau nht

Gc thn: ranh gii gia thn v r

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CCcc loloii chchii ChChii ngngnn ((chchii ttnn ccngng)):: NNmm uu ttnn ccngng ccaa

ngngnn thnthn hayhay ccnhnh,, trongtrong chchii ngngnn cc mm phnphn sinhsinh ngngnn

ChChii nnchch ((chchii bnbn)):: NNmm cccc nnchch ll,, ccuu ttoo gigingngnhnh chchii ngngnn,, ss ttoo rara ccnhnh hayhay hoahoa

ChChii ngng:: ll chchii nnchch trtrngng ththii nghngh nhinhiuu nmnm khngkhng

ththii hhnn.. ChChii ngng:: cccc vvngng nn ii,, cccc chchii ngngnn vv chchii

nnchch trtrngng ththii nghngh kkoo ddii trongtrong mmyy ththngng llnhnh ggii llchchii ngng..

ChChii phph:: CC ththmmcc tt nhinhiuu vv trtr vv cc quanquan khkhccnhaunhau ccaa cycy.. VV dd:: TrnTrn thnthn chchnhnh,, trntrn ccnhnh,, trntrn ccccmmuu ((tretre,, mmaa,, llaa),), trntrn cccc rr cycy ((xoanxoan,, hhngng),), trntrnll cycy ((thuthucc bbngng))

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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn gg:: ll thnthn ccaa nhnhngng cycy ssngng lulu nmnm,,

cc ccuu ttoo ccpp 22 rrtt phphtt tritrinn,, thnthn chchnhnhphphtt tritrinn mmnhnh vv chch phnphn ccnhnh tt mmttchichiuu caocao nhnhtt nhnh

CyCy

gg

nhnh

::

caocao

tt

55

--15m .15m .

VV

dd

::

CyCy

bb

ii,,

ii......

CyCy gg vvaa hayhay trungtrung bbnhnh:: caocao 1515--25m.25m. VV

dd:: DD,, NgNgcc lanlan...... CyCy gg llnn:: caocao trntrn 25m .25m . VVdd:: ChCh chch,,

Lim...Lim...

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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn bbii:: cycy gg ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm,, cc ccuu

ttoo ccpp 2,2, thnthn chchnhnh kkmm phphtt tritrinn,, cc ss

phnphn ccnhnh bb

tt

uu tt

gg

cc cc

aa thnthn chchnhnh..VVdd:: SimSim,, MuaMua......

ThnThn nnaa bbii:: cycy ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm,, ccthnthn hhaa gg mmtt phphnn phphnn ggnn ggcc,,phphnn ngngnn khngkhng hhaa gg vv chchtt ii vvoo cucuii

ththii kk dinhdinh ddngng..

VVdd:: CC lloo,, DDaa ddii......

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CCcc ddngng thnthn ThnThn ththoo ((ThnThn cc)):: PhPhnn thnthn trntrn mmtt tt

chchtt vvoo cucuii ththii kk rara hoahoa kktt ququ..

ThnThn ththoo 11 nmnm:: bbtt uu vv kktt ththcc ii ssngngccaa nn trongtrong vngvng mmtt nmnm.. VV dd:: LLaa,, ngng,, llcc,...,...

ThnThn ththoo 22 nmnm:: nmnm uu phphtt tritrinn cc quanquan sinhsinhddngng,, nmnm sausau chocho rara cc quanquan sinhsinh ssnn.. VV dd::cycy cc rrtt

ThnThn ththoo nhinhiuu nmnm:: CyCy cc thnthn ngngmm phphtttritrinn ddii tt ssngng nhinhiuu nmnm.. VV dd:: CC tranhtranh,,cc may,...may,...

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CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian

ThnThn ngng:: ThnThn mmcc ththngng ngng..

HHuu hhtt cccc cycy thnthn gg vv mmtt phphnn cycy thnthn ccthuthucc loloii nnyy

ThnThn bb:: CyCy khngkhng

ccngng rrnn

ngngththngng mm phphii bb lanlan sstt mmtt tt..

VV dd:: dudu tyty,, raurau mm,, khoaikhoai langlang

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CCcc loloii thnthn trongtrong khngkhng giangian

Thn leo (dy leo): Cy khng kh nng mcng mt mnh, phi da vo cc cy khc hoc da vogin

Leo nh thn qun V d: Bm bm, mng ti

Leo nh tua cun V d: Bu, BLeo nh gai mc V d: Cy my

Leo nh r bm V d: Tru khng, h tiu

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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn CCnhnh hhnhnh ll:: CCnhnh bibinn

ii ththnhnh ll trntrn cc mangmang

nhnh

ngng

ll

nhnh

hh

nhnh

vv

yy

.

.

VV dd:: CyCy ququnhnh

GiGi thnthn:: thnthn ddyy lnln,, chchiingngnn bb tiutiu gigimm chch mangmangmmtt nn haihai ll phphtt tritrinnbbnhnh ththngng,, tt chchii nnchchss phphtt tritrinn ththnhnh gigi mmii

VV dd:: CyCy lanlan

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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn cc trntrn mmtt tt

((VV dd: Su: Su hhoo)) cc dodothnthn bibinn ii ththnhnh

ThnThn cc ddii mmtt tt((VV dd:: cc khoaikhoai tyty)) ccdodo ccnhnh nnmm ddii tt

bibinn ii ththnhnh

ThnThn cc

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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn rr:: ll loloii thnthnngngmm ddii tt mm bb

ngongoii trngtrng gigingng nhnhrr chchaa chchtt ddtrtr..

VV dd:: CC tranhtranh,, GGngng,,

ChuChuii......

ThnThn hhnhnh:: ll loloii chchiingngmm ddii tt,, rrtt ngngnn

ththngng cc ddngng ddtt,,hhnhnh ququ ll,, hhnhnh ccuuddpp.. VV dd:: HHnhnh tyty

Thnhnh

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BiBinn ddngng ccaa thnthn ThnThn mmngng nncc::

ThThngng ggpp nhnhngng loloiissngng cccc nini khkh hhnn,,thnthn ththngng ddyy lnln chchaa

nhinhiuu n

n

cc vv didipp llcc

VV dd:: ThnThn cycy cccc loloii

xngx

ng rrngng,, ccnhnh giaogiao

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CCU TU TO GIO GII PHI PHU CU CA THNA THNThnThn vv ccnhnh uu cc ccuu ttoo gigingng nhaunhau,, uu cc ii

xxngng quaqua mmtt trtrccBaoBao ggmm::

CCuu ttoo ss ccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 1)1) ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 ll mmmm

ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm

CCuu ttoo ththccpp ((ccuu ttoo ccpp 2)2) ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 ll mmmm

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ThnThn cycy hhtt trtrnn vv thnthn cycy 22 llmmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)

CCuu ttoo ggmm 22phphnn::

VV mmngng

TrTr gigiaa ddyy

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Thn cy ht trn v thn cy 2 l

mm scp (cp 1)

S cu tothn cy 2 l mm scp

Kh khng

Biu b

Hu m

Nhu m v

Tng sinh

btTr b

B libe

B g

Nhu m rut

V

TR GIA

V

Tng tng L-G

Bmch

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ThnThn cycy 22 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp 1)1)PhPhnn vv BiBiuu bb:: ththngng ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng khngkhng chchaa llcc

llpp,, cc tt khkh khkhngng,, mmtt ngongoii ththngng cc phph mmtt llppcutincutin hohocc cc lnglng hohocc cc gaigai

HHuu mm:: ngayngay ddii llpp bibiuu bb ggmm cccc tt bboo ssngng cc

vvchch ddyy lnln khngkhng

uu,, llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng linlin ttcc hohoccttpp trungtrung cccc khkhaa

NhuNhu mm vv:: nnmm phphaa trongtrong hhuu mm,, ggmm vvii llpp ttbboossngng,, chchaa llcc llpp thnthn non,non, ccnhnh nonnon

TTngng sinhsinh bbtt:: tngtng ngng vvii nnii bb ccaa rr cycy.. CCuuttoo bbii mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng chchaa nhinhiuu tinhtinh bbtt

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ThnThn cycy 22 ll mmmm ss ccpp ((ccpp

1)1)TrTr gigiaa

TrTr bb:: ggmm mmtt hohocc mmtt ss llpp ttbboo,, xxpp xenxen kkvvii ttngng sinhsinh bbtt

BB mmchch hh ggmm::

BB gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt BB gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt kkpp ((VV dd:: HH

khoaikhoai langlang,, bbuu bb))

XXpp ththnhnh 11 vngvng,, cc thth22 vngvng ((VVdd:: BBngng)) BB gg phnphn hhaa lili tmtm

NhuNhu mm rurutt:: rrtt nhinhiuu,, chchaa chchtt dd trtrbnbn trongtrong,,

cc mm tititt nh

nh

ttbboo tititt,, ngng tititt,, ngng nhnhaa mm

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Thn cy 2 l mm scp (cp

1)

Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm cp1

Hu m

Nhu m vTng sinh bt

Tr b

B libeTng tng libegB g

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmmKhngKhng phnphn bibitt vv vv trtr gigiaa

ChiaChia llmm 33 loloii thnthn:: ThnThn cc

ThnThn rr ThnThn ngngmm

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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn

c)

S cu tothn cy 1 l mm

(Thn c)

Kh khng

Biu b

Cng m

Nhu m

B libe

B gB mch

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn cc))

BiBiuu bb:: ggmm 11 llpp ttbboo ssngng,, cc tt khkh khkhngng.. MMngng ngongoiiccaa bibiuu bb cc ththnhinhimm silicsilic,, cutincutin hayhay llpp sspp

CngCng mm:: ngayngay ddii bibiuu bb,, llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng ((mmaa,...),...)hayhaybaobao quanhquanh bb mmchch

NhuNhu mm:: cccc llpp nhunhu mm phphaa ngongoii chchaa llcc llpp,, nhunhu mm phphaa

trongtrong chchaa chchtt ddtrtr BB mmchch:: kknn,, ggmm bb gg vv bb libelibe xxpp chchngng chchtt,, libelibe

ngongoii,, gg trongtrong,, libelibe phnphn hhaa hhngng tmtm,, gg phnphn hhaa lili tmtm..

CCcc bb mmchch xxpp ththnhnh nhinhiuu vngvng:: cccc vngvng ngongoii bbmmchch nhnh,, nhinhiuu,, vngvng cngcng mm ddyy,, ccngng vvoo tmtm ss llngngbb mmchch tt vv to,to, vngvng cngcng mm mmngng..

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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Cu to mt phn thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Biu b

Cng m

Nhu m

B mch

Nhu m

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So snh thn cy 2 l mm

v thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

TG

Tng tng L-

G

Kh khngBiu b

Hu m

Nhu m v

Tng sinh bt

Tr bB libe

B gNhu m rut

V

V

Khkhng

Biu b

Cng m

Nhu m

B libe

B g

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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn r)

Rng

Biu b

Cngm

B libe

B g

Nhu m

S cu tothn cy 1 l mm

(Thn r)

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn cc)) BiBiuu bb:: ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng,, cc tt khkh khkhngng..

MMngng ngongoii ccaa bibiuu bb cc thth nhinhimm silicsilic,, cutincutin

hayhay llpp sspp CngCng mm:: ngayngay ddii bibiuu bb llmm ththnhnh mmtt vngvng

rrtt phphtt tritrinn hohocc baobao quanhquanh cccc bb mmchch

NhuNhu mm:: xenxen gigiaa vngvng cngcng mm,, chchaa llcc llppllmm chocho thnthn nonnon cc mmuu xanhxanh

BB mmchch:: xxpp ththnhnh 22 vngvng,, vngvng ngongoii ggmmnhnhngng bb mmchch nhnh xxpp trongtrong llpp cngcng mm,, vngvngtrongtrong ggmm cccc bb llnn hnhn nnmm susu trongtrong thnthn

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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn c)

Cu to mt phn

thn cy 1 l mm(Thn r)

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Thn cy 1 l mm (Thn ngm)

S cu tothn cy 1 l mm

(Thn ngm)

Biu b

Cng m

Nhu m v

Ni b

Tr bB libe

B g

Nhu m rut

V

V

TR GIA

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))

ChiaChia llmm 22phphnn

VV ((ddyy)) BiBiuu bb:: ggmm mmtt llpp ttbboo ssngng,, khikhi thnthn

gigi thth llpp ttbboo nnyy ngngmm chchtt bbnn

CngCng mm:: sstt bibiuu bb vv quanhquanh bb mmchch

NhuNhu mm vv:: ddyy,, ggmm nhinhiuu llpp ttbboo ssngng NNii bb:: ll mmtt llpp tt bboo ssngng cc khungkhung

subesube

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))

TrTr gigiaa ((nhnh))

TrTr bb:: ggmm vvii llpp ttbboo ssngng xxpp xenxen kkvvii llpp nnii bb

BB mmchch:: kknn,, xxpp ngng tmtm,, libelibe trongtrong,,gg baobao ngongoii.. BB mmchch xxpp llnn xxnn

NhuNhu mm rurutt:: tt

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ThnThn cycy 11 ll mmmm ((ThnThn ngngmm))CCuu ttoo mangmang cc iimm ccaa thnthn cycy mmtt ll mmmm vvrr cycy mmtt ll mmmm

cc i

imm ccaa rr cycy 11 ll mmmmChiaChia llmm 22phphnn:: vv ddyy,, trtr gigiaa nhnhNNii bb cc khungkhung subesube

cc iimm ccaa thnthn cycy 11 ll mmmm

MM cc ll cngcng mm

BB mmchch nhinhiuu vngvngBB mmchch kknnCC bibiuu bb

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CCuu ttoo ththccppChCh cc ngngnhnh hhtt trtrnn vv llpp 22 ll mmmmccaa ngngnhnh hhtt kknn

DoDo ss hohott ngng ccaa mm phnphn sinhsinh ththccpp ggmm::

TTngng sinhsinh bbnn

TTngng ttngng libelibe gg

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Cu to thcpBn

Tng sinh bnTng sinh bnLc b

Nhu m v + humSi tr b

Si libe 2

Libe 2

Tng tng libegG 2

G 1

Tia rut

Nhu m rut

S cu tothn cy 2 l mm

thcp

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TTngng sinhsinh bbnn

HoHott ngng chocho rara bnbn ngongoii ll bbnn,, bnbn trongtrongll llcc bb

CCcc tt bboo bbnn,, ttngng sinhsinh bbnn,, llcc bb xxpp xuynxuyntmtm. 3. 3 llpp ttbboo nnyy hhpp llii ththnhnh chuchu bb

NhiNhiuu llpp chuchu bb hhpp ththnhnh thth bb ((ggpp cycy rrttgigi))

CCquanquan traotrao ii khkh vv thothott hihi nncc ll bb khkhngng

Tng sinh bn

Bn

Nhu b

Chu

b

Thb

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TTngng ttngng libelibe ggHoHott ngng chocho rara libelibe 22 bnbn ngongoii vv gg 22 bnbntrongtrong

LibeLibe 22: hay: hay vv ccpp 2,2, ggmm cccc loloii mm sausau::

MM ddnn:: mmchch ryry vv ttbboo kkmm

MM ddtrtr:: nhunhu mm libelibe,, tiatia libelibe

MM c

c

:: ssii libelibe 2,2, ssii trtr bb MM tititt:: cc thth cc ngng nhnhaa mm,, ngng

tititt

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TTngng ttngng libelibe gg G 2: nm pha ngoi g 1, gm cc loi

m sau:

M dn: mch g

M dtr: nhu m g, tia gM c: si g, cy ht trn khng c

si g

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Cu to thcp

Cu to mt phn thn cy 2 l mm thcp

Bn v tng sinh bn

Nhu m v + Hu mSi tr b + Si libe 2

Libe 2

G 2

G 1

Tng tng libe g

Tia rut

Nhu m rut

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G dc v g rngcc cy g trng thnh, g thng chialm 2 min: min ngoi gi l g dc, min

trong gi l g rng (g li)

Mt on thn cy g gi b ca ngang1. V cy; 2. G dc; 3. G rng

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GG ddcc vv gg rngrngGG ddcc:: sstt vvii ttngng ttngng ll phphnn gg ssngng,,

mmmm,, cc mmuu nhnhtt,, mmchch gg cncn ddnn nhnhaa,,

nhunhu mm gg chchaa nhinhiuu chchtt dd trtr nnnn dd bbmmii mmtt,, khngkhng cc gigi trtr kinhkinh tt

GG rngrng:: gg trungtrung tmtm ccaa thnthn,, ll phphnn ggchchtt,, cccc mmchch gg khngkhng cncn ddnn nhnhaa vv bbttcc,, cccc nhunhu mm gg chchaa nhinhiuu chchtt dduu,, tanintaninnnnn cc mmuu ssmm vv rrnn chchcc,, tt bb mmii mmtt,, ccgigi trtr kinhkinh ttcaocao