HANDLOOM PAVILION

INDIAS FIRST MAN OF ARCHITECTURE HAS A VERY SIMPLE PHILOSOPHY- UNLESS YOU BELIEVE IN WHAT YOU DO, IT BECOMES SO BORING.

PLANNER, ACTIVIST, THEORTICIAN, CHARLES CORREA IS ONE OF THE FEW CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTS WHO ADRESSES NOT ONLY ISSUES OF ARCHITECTURE, BUT LOW- COST HOUSING AND URBAN PLANNING AS WELL.

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IVCHARLES CORREA

INTRODUCTION

BORN IN HYDERABAD, INDIA ON SEPTEMBER 1, 1930.

Became fascinated with the principles of design as a child .

At Michigan two professors who influenced him the most - Walter Salders and Buckminister Fuller.

HE HAS BEEN AWARDED THE HIGHEST HONOURS OF THE ARCHITECTURE PROFESSION, INCLUDING THE AGA KHAN AWARD FOR ARCHITECTURE, THE PRAEMIUM IMPERIAL OF JAPAN, AND THE GOLD MEDALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF ARCHITECTS (IUA) AND THE (RIBA).

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IVCHARLES CORREA

EDUCATION

1939 1946 St. Xaviers High School, Bombay 1946 1948 St. Xaviers College, University of Bombay 1949 1953 University of Michigan (B.Arch) 1953 1955 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (M.Arch)

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Correa's work in India shows a careful development, understanding and adaptation of Modernism to a non-western culture. Correa's early works attempt to explore a local vernacular within a modern environment. Correa's land-use planning and community projects continually try to go beyond typical solutions to third world problems.

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CORREA FILLS THE ROLE OF ARCHITECT AS A COLLABORATOR WITH THE PEOPLE. HIS DESIGNS GIVE THE LOCAL CRAFTSME A CHANCE TO DO THEIR BEST WORK.BRIAN CARTER, PROFESSOR

KEY TO CORREAS APPROACH IS HIS UNDERSTANDING OF THE UNIQUE CULTURAL REQUIREMENTS OF HIS NATIVE COUNTRY.HE IDENTIFIES THE HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM AS CONSISTING OF FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS- SPACE NEEDED BY THE FAMILY FOR PRIVATE USE, NEIGHBOURHOOD SPACES AND URBAN AREA OPEN SPACE USED BY THE WHOLE CITY.

LOCAL DESIGN

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ARCHITECTURE IS MAGNIFICENT BECAUSE IT DEALS WITH RECESSION OF THE MIND- WITH THAT WHICH IS NOT YET SAID, AND NOT YET MADE.

CORREA STRESSES THE IMPORTANCE OF HAVING OPEN TO SKY SPACES WHERE FAMILIES CAN ENTERTAIN, RELAX AND SLEEP.

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PHILOSOPHIES His earlier projects were mainly based on Open-to-sky spaces Deep knowledge of the sense of enclosure defined by surfaces. Purity of expression in his forms, use of vernacular materials. Response to the Indian Climatology. Master in manipulating transition spaces

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According to him solution should be kept as simple as possible, using only locally available material, in technologies which are almost timeless.

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Charles Correa starts every design with the issues of climate-prime concern to us in India. He worked in an Indian context with its strong sunlight and plentiful labor.

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SELECTED WORKS

HANDLOOM PAVILOINPRAGATI MAIDAN (1958)ECIL OFFICE COMPLEXHYDERABAD(1965-68)PREVI EXPERIMENTAL HOUSINGPERU(1969-73)KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTSMUMBAI(1970-83)

JAWAHAR KALA KENDRAJAIPUR(1986-92)

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KOVALAAM BEACH RESORTKERALA(1969-74)LIC CENTRE DELHI(1975-86)GANDHI SMARAK SANGRAHALAYAAHEMDABAD(1958-63)CRAFTS MUESEUMDELHI(1975)VIDHAN BHAVANBHOPAL(1980-TO DATE)BHARAT BHAVANBHOPAL(1975-81)

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CONSTRUCTION: 1958 LOCATION: PRAGATI MAIDAN

HANDLOOM PAVILION

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BRICK AND MUD WALLS GENERATE A SQUARE PLAN FORMING A SIMPLE MULTILEVEL BOX, THROUGH WHICH VISITORS MOVE AN EASY AND CONTINUOUS FLOW.

THE ROOF OF THE WOOD UMBRELLAS,COVERED WITH HANDLOOM CLOTH,SUFFUSED THE INTERNAL SPACE WITH AN EVEN LIGHT.

THIS TEMPORARY PAVILION DESIGNED AND BUILT IN SIX MONTHS WAS THE FIRST COMPLETED WORK OF THE OFFICE.

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GANDHI SMARAK SANGRAHALAY

CONSTRUCTION:1958-63 LOCATION : AHMEDABAD

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SITE PLAN

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THIS MEMORIAL MUSEUM IS ERECTED IN THE SABARMATI ASHRAM WHERE MAHATMA GANDHI RESIDED FROM 1917-30.

BUILT IN HOMAGE TO THE MAHATMA,AND TO PROMOTE HIS IDEAS , IT HOUSES LETTERS,PHOTOGRAPHS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS WHICH TRACE THE FREEDOM MOVEMENT LAUNCHED BY GANDHIJI.

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MATERIALS USED ARE TILED ROOFS ,BRICK piers ,STONE FLOORS , WOODEn DOORS.

THE ONLY ADDITION ARE THE RCC CHANNELS WHICH ACT AS BEAMS AND AS RAINFALL CONDUITS AND WHICH PERMIT ADDITIONAL CONSTRUCTION TO BE ADDED IN FUTURE.

NO GLASS WINDOWS ARE USED ANYWHERE IN THE BUILDING.

LIGHT AND VENTILATION BEING PROVIDED BY OPERABLE WOODEN LOUVERS.

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ECIL OFFICE COMPLEX

CONSTRUCTION:1965-68LOCATION:HYDERABAD

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THE CLIENT WANTED A WORKSPACE WHICH, THROUGH ITS VERY FORM, GENERATES A CONTROLLED MICRO -CLIMATE,OBVIATING THE NECESSITY FOR AIR CONDITIONING.

IT WAS BUILT FOR DR. SARABHAI.

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TO MINIMISE THE HEAT INPUT, THE UNITS ARE SEALED ALONG THE EAST; ON THE WEST(WHICH ENJOYS A PANORAMIC VIEW OF THE SURROUNDING LANDSCAPE) SHADE IS PROVIDE BY THE LARGE ROOF OVERHANG-CONSISTING PARTLY OF A SLATED PERGOLA AND PARTLY OF A THIN MEMBRANE OF A WATER WHICH REFLECTS THE INCIDENT HEAT OF SUNLIGHT BACK INTO THE SKY.

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PREVI EXPERIMENTAL HOUSING

CONSTUCTION:1969-73LOCATION:LIMA,PERU

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13 INTERNATIONAL ARCHITECTS WERE INVITED TO SUBMIT DESIGNS IN A LIMITED COMPETITION FOR A PROTOTYPICAL HOUSING COMPLEX OF 1500 HOUSES.

EACH HOUSE HAS TO BE INCREMENTAL,CAPABLE OF ACCOMODATING UPTO 10 PERSONS INCLUDING GRAND PARENTS.

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THIS UNITS 3M WIDE BROADEN TO 6 METRES AT THE CENTRE IN AN INTERLOCKING PATTERN.

ALL UNITS HAVE VEHICULAR ACCESS FROM ONE END AND A PORCH CONNECTING THE COMMUNITY SPINE AT THE OTHER.THE COMMON-WALL BETWEEN UNITS WAS MODIFIED TO A ZIG-ZAG TO MAKE IT EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT

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NATIONAL CRAFTS MUSEUM

LOCATION: DELHICONSTRUCTION:1975-90

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SITE PLAN

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THIS CRAFTS MUSEUM, CASUAL AND ACCEPTING OF THE ARTISANS VERNACULAR, IS ORGANISED AROUND A CENTRAL PATHWAY, GOING FROM VILLAGE TO TEMPLE TO PALACE.A METAPHOR FOR THE INDIAN STREET-INFACT,FOR INDIA HERSELF FOR ALL THESE DIFFERENT KINDS OF CRAFTS HAVE ALWAYS CO-EXISTED DOWN THE CENTURIES.

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ONE CAN VISIT ANY PARTICULAR EXHIBIT, OR ALTERNATELY, PROGRESS THROUGH ALL THE VARIOUS SECTIONS IN A CONTINUOUS SEQUENCE .

WALKING ALONG THIS SPINE, ONE CATCHES GLIMPSES OF THE PRINCIPLE EXHIBITS THAT LIE ON EITHER SIDE (THE VILLAGE COURT , DARBAR COURT,ETC).

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TOWARDS THE END OF THE SEQUENCE, THE EXHIBITS GET LARGER AND INCLUDE FRAGMENTS OF ACTUAL BUILDINGS-SINCE THE CRAFTS OF INDIA HAVE ALWAYS BEEN AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT OF HER ARCHITECTURE.

FINALLY ONE EXITS VIA THE ROOF TERRACES- WHICH FORM AN AMPHITHEATRE FOR FOLK DANCERS, AS WELL AS AN OPEN-AIR DISPLAY FOR LARGE TERROCATA HORSE AND OTHER HANDICRAFT.

LESS THAN THE TOTAL OF THE HALF FLOOR AREA OF 5500SQM IS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC; THE REST OF THE COLLECTION IS STORED IN SPECIAL AREAS FOR THE USE OF THE VERY FINEST CRAFTSMEN WHO ARE SELECTED FROM ALL OVER INDIA TO COME AN STUDY THESE ARCHES.

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JAWAHAR KALA KENDRA

LOCATION:JAIPURCONSTRUCTION:1986-92

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SITE PLAN

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PLAN

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THIS ARTS MUSEUM IS DEDICATED TO JAWAHARLAL NEHRU AS HE WANTED TO RE-DISCOVER INDIAS PAST WHILST SIMULATANEOUSLY OPENING THE DOOR TO A NEW FUTURE.

IT IS A CONTEMPORARY BUILDING BASED ON AN ARCHAIC NOTION OF THE COSMOS; THE VERY SAME NAVGRAHA MANDALA , WITH ONE OF THE SQUARES moved aside, to recall the gesture that created the original plan for jaipur.

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THE EXTERNAL WALL OF THE BUILDING (INCLUDNG THOSE AROUND THE CENTRAL KUND) ARE CLAD IN AGRA RED SANDSTONE, TOPPED BY A COPING OF BEIGE DHOLPUR STONE.

ON THESE EXTERNAL SURFACES THE PRESENCE OF EACH OF THE PLANETS IS EXPRESSED BY ITS TRADITIONAL SYMBOL INLAID IN WHITE MARBLE.

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KANCHANJUNGA APARTMENTS

Location : Cumballa Hills, Mumbai,IndiaCONSTRUCTION: 1970 -1983Building Type: skyscraper multifamily housing, apartment towerConstructionSystem: concreteClimate: hotContext: urbanStyle: ModERN

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SITE PLAN

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Interlocking of these variations expressed externally by shear end walls that hold up the cantilevers.

The building is a square in plan, 21mx21m, and 85m high- thus forming a tower with the width/height proportion of 1:4.

This building has 32 different apartments with 4 types of flats varying from 3 to 6 bedrooms.

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Every unit has an open to sky terrace of 10m partially protected by a pergola for sitting out during the mornings and evenings, and for sleeping out at night.

Along east and west faces, each apartment is protected by a zone of verandahs and bathrooms- which gives two line of defense against the elements and of course by the large terrace garden in the corner, which forms the focus for the whole apartment.

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The various types of houses

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Vidhan Bhavan is a public building which should say something very powerful about democracy, It is a building which has got to down with the idea of governing yourself. It has to express the role it has to play and tell people that this is your city, this is your state and you must participate in it, It must not be low-key. It should have a presence.

-Charles Correa

Charles Correa won the prestigious AGA KHAN award for this project in 1999.

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VIDHAN BHAWANLOCATION:,MADHYA PRADESHConstruction: 1984-1996

PUBLIC ENTRANCECOURT OF PEOPLECENTRAL HALL

COURTYARD

LEGISLATORS ENTRY

MINISTERS OFFICE

LIBRARY

CABINET ROOM

VIDHAN PARISHAD

LEGISLATORS FOYER

VIP ENTRANCE

VIDHAN SABHA

REFLECTING POOL

COMBINED HALL

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1. PUBLIC ENTRANCE2. VIDHAN SABHA3. VIP ENTRANCE4. VIDHAN PARISHAD5. LIBRARY6. LEGISLATORS ENTRANCE7. COMBINED HALL

4275 Roof plan is punctured with the openings of the five interior courtyard and punctuated by the dome of the Vidhan Sabha. The circular plan contains Charles Correas concept of gardens within, around which the legislative halls and offices are arranged.

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VIDHAN

BHAVAN

AABBSECTION AASECTION BBKEY PLAN

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The circulation is always along the edges of the courtyards, for light and fresh air .The public is separated from assembly members for security reasons.

Passages provided in open space

Ramp form court of the people to Vidhan Sabha

Passage around the courtyard

Pergola over Chief Minister courtyard

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Satellite view of Vidhan Bhawan.Study model of Vidhan Bhawan.

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Elevations Public EntranceVIP Entrance

Partial model view of public entrance, the central court and the Vidhan Sabha.

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The whole building presents as extremely pleasing vision of powerful curves and straight vertical and horizontal lines.

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Kovalam Beach ResortLOCATION: MUMBAI

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PLAN

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Accommodates 300 guests , centers for massages and yoga, water sport etc.

The facilities had to be deployed in the manner which would create a critical mass for each activity and at a time open up several strategic points on the site so as to increase future growth options.

The master plan there fore does not concentrate all the facilities in one area , but generate a large number of potential growth points, thus allowing a more flexible response to future demands .

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The guest rooms come in 3 configurations-:

On the edge of the beach hidden under the palm trees . They are suits for longer stay with cooking facilities etc. overlooking the beach there are 100 guests rooms. Here the facilities are such that every room gets its own private sundeck..Between these two are private detach units .

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Construction is in traditional vernacular of Kerala-: plaster walls with red tiled roofs. Other pavilion consists of little bamboo chhatries with coir matins on the floor and local Kerala handicrafts.

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Sections Of The Beach Resort

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Some Views.......

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The life insurance corporation (lic) office complex jeevan bharti, was commisioned in 1975 and completed in 1986.I

LIFE INSURANCE CORPORATION, DELHI

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SITE PLAN

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Red sandstone used on the faade.It presents a neutral south faade punctured regularly by square openings and respond to an archetype urban open space with a dramatic composition of elements.The two blocks and the triangular masonary piers define the typical urban block as a stage set with drama.

TRIANGULAR PIERS SUPPORTING PERGOLA

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Lic complex is situated on the outer road of the connaught circle as a critical site between two major arteries :parliament street and janpath.

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The two lower levels of the complex consist of shopping decks and restaurants the upper office levels form separate wings focused on a central open space of gardens and patios. The whole is connected by a great pergola 98 meters long, supported dry winds is provided by the trees and running water in the central community space.

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MAIN ENT. SHOWING SHOPS

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DETAIL OF GLASS CURTAIN WALL SET IN SANDSTONE

CENTRAL CONCRETE COLUMNDETAIL OF PERGOLAABOVE THE COLUMN

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BHARAT BHAVAN

LOCATION:BHOPALCONSTRUCTION:1975-81

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THE SITE OF THIS ART CENTRE IS ON A GENTLY SLOPING HILL OVERLOOKING THE LAKE IN BHOPAL.

THE NATURAL CONTOURS OF THE SITE HAS BEEN USED TO CRATE A SERIES OF TERRACED GARDENS AND SUNKEN COURTYARDS.

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LIGHTING AND VENTILATION WITHIN THE BUILDING ARE PROVIDED BY TOP LIGHTS (FROM THE CONCRETE SHELLS AND FROM SLOTS ALONG THE TERRACE PARAPITS).

IN ADDITION, THE OPENINGS TO THE COURTYARDS AND TERRACES HAVE TWO SET OF SHUTTERS: THE INNER ONES CONSISTING OF A COMBINATION OF FIXED GLASS AND OPERABLE PANELS FOR LIGHT AND VENTILATION; THE OUTER ONES CONSISTING OF LARGE WOODEN DOORS, CLOSED AT NIGHT FOR SECURITY.

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THANK YOU

SUBMITTED BY:KIRTIDIPESHSHIVANI

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