Biodiesel presentation1

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Transcript of Biodiesel presentation1

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What is Biodiesel ?

Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of

short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by

Transesterfication of vegetable oil or animal fat , which can be used

(alone, or blended with conventional petro-diesel) in unmodified

diesel-engine vehicles.

"Biodiesel" is standardized as mono-alkyl ester.

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History of Vegetable Oil Based Fuels

1900 - Rudolph Diesel debuted the first diesel engine running on peanut oil at the World’s Exhibition in Paris He likely used peanut oil at the request of the

French Government, who were interested in its use in their African colonies

After Diesel’s mysterious death in 1913, development focused on the use of petroleum-based fuels

The use of vegetable oils as engine fuels may seem insignificant today but the such oils may become, in the course of time, as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time.

-Rudolph Diesel, 1912

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Globally, transportation accounts for 25% of energy demand and nearly 62% of oil consumed. The generation of electricity is the single largest use of fuel in the world.More than 60 % of power generated comes from fossil fuels.

Security Of Supply

Reduction Of Green House Gas Emissions

Social Structure & Agriculture

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FUEL ANALYSIS BIODIESEL

WASHING&

DRYING

ATMOSPHERIC DISTILLATION

TRANSESTERIFICATIONESTERIFICATION

PRETREATMENT

COLLECTED

OIL

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Pretreatments

FILTERING HEATING H20

CALCULATING FFA

FFA=

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•This is the process of separating the fatty acids from their glycerol

backbone to form biodiesel and glycerine.

• Transesterification is the reversible reaction of oil with an alcohol

(methanol or ethanol) to form fatty acid alkyl esters and glycerol.

• The vegetable oil molecules is reduced to about 1/3rd its original

size, lowering its viscosity, making it similar to diesel.

Transesterification

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Transesterification reaction

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Washing biodiesel with water is the oldest and most common method

of cleaning biodiesel.  Methanol is a solvent, it captures soap and

other impurities and holds them dissolved in the biodiesel. Water

soaks up that methanol, releasing impurities to be washed away with

water.

Type of Water washing used :

Water Washing

Air / Bubble Washing

Washing and Drying

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INDIAJatropha,Waste oil

USASoybean,Waste oil

CANADACanola,

Animal Fat

GERMANYRapeseed

MALAYSIAPalm

INDONASIAPalm

Jatropha

AUSTRALIAWaste oil

Animal Fat

RUSSIARapeseedSoybean

Sunflower JAPANWaste oil

CHINAJatropha,Waste oil

BRAZILSoybean

PalmCotton oil

UKRapeseedWaste oil

FEEDSTOCKS FOR BIODIESEL

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Electricity production

TransportationRailwaysShipsAutomobiles

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Railway usage• The British businessman RichardBranson's Virgin Voyager train number220007 Thames Voyager,billed as theworld's first "biodiesel train".

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AIRCRAFTFeb 2009• The first flight by a commercial airline to be partly powered by biofuels and billed asheralding a eco-friendlier and cheaper era ofairline travel took place

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Indian Initiatives

National Mission on Biodiesel has been launched by GOI

State Governments designated special authorities/bodies to manage

Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas notified biodiesel purchase policy

Government Institutes are working on technology and promotion

Public and private sectors are working on processing and end use

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Some more practicalities

The former President of India, Late Dr. Abdul Kalam, is one of the strong advocaters of Jatropha cultivation for production of bio-diesel.

The State Bank of India provided a boost to the cultivation of Jatropha in India by signing a MoU with D1 Mohan, a joint venture of D1 Oils plc, to give loans to the tune of 1.3 billion rupees to local farmers in India.

Older diesel Mercedes are popular for running on biodiesel

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Biodiesel : First trial run on train

First successful trial run of a superfast passenger train was conducted on Dec 31, 2009

Delhi - Amritsar Shatabdi Express used 5% of biodiesel fuel.Railway annual fuel bill = Rs 3400 crore (for Diesel)10% mixture with Diesel = reduced

(Rs.300-400 crore / annum)5% substitution is accepted.

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Andhra Pradesh has entered into a formal agreement with Reliance Industries for Jatropha planting. The company has selected 200 acres (0.81 km2) of land at

Kakinada to grow Jatropha for high quality bio-diesel fuel.

Chhattisgarh has decided to plant 160 million saplings of Jatropha in all its 16 districts during 2006 with the aim of becoming a bio-fuel self-reliant state by 2015.

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On Nov 2005, the Maharashtra Government aimed to cultivate

Jatropha on 600 km² in the state.

September 2007-Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited(HPCL)

joined hands with the Maharashtra State Farming Corporation

Ltd(MSFCL) for a Jatropha seed-based bio-diesel venture.

Jatropha plant would be grown on 500 acres (2 km²) in Nashik and

Aurangabad.

05/02/23

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Land Availability

Certified High Yielding Varieties

Plant Health

Availability of labor

Irrigation

Costs

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High yielding certified seed / planting material

Dedicated Government Financial SupportAllotment of funds to promote Energy Crop plantations  Nil VAT/ST on “Biodiesel Portion” of blended HSD.Direct investments by Corporate to be treated as R&D expense / CSR

activity Waste Land Allotment Policy : Integrated (revenue cum

forest) wasteland allotment policy

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Bio diesel is environmental friendly. It can help reduce dependency on foreign oil. It helps to lubricate the engine itself, decreasing engine wear. It offers similar power to diesel fuel. It is safer than conventional diesel. It can be made from waste products.It can be made at home easily.

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Its storage for long period is not suitable for engine operation.

It becomes gel in cold weather. It has water content. (Hygroscopic) It has higher (10%) Nox emissions. It decreases horsepower. (25%)

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By mixing of 20 per cent biodiesel with diesel will help India to save 7.3x106 tones of diesel per year.

In India about 33 million hectares of wasteland is available and can effectively be used for cultivation of jatropha plants.

It offers business possibility to agricultural enterprises and rural employment.

Biodiesel is least-cost-strategy to comply with state and federal regulations.

Use of biodiesel does not require major engine modifications. The only thing that changes is air quality.

Biodiesel has positive attributes such as increased cetane, high fuel lubricity & high oxygen content.

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Biodiesel reduces by as much as 65 % the emission of small particles of solid combustion products.

The ozone (smog) forming potentials of hydrocarbons is less than diesel fuel.

Sulfur emissions are essentially eliminated with pure biodiesel .

Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can be blended with conventional diesel fuel.

These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any modification. Biodiesel is degradable , non toxic and free from sulphur and lead.

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Graboski MS,McCormick RL. (1998)Combustion of fat and vegetable oil derived fuels in diesel engines.

Lapuerta M, Armas O, Rodriguez-Fernandez J. (1999)Effect of biodiesel fuels on diesel engine emissions. Basha SA, Raja Gopal K, Jebaraj S. (2011)A review on biodiesel production,

combustion, emissions and performance. Aydin H, Bayindir H. (2012)Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed

oil methyl ester in a diesel engine. Hazar H. Effects of biodiesel on a low heat loss diesel engine. Andree, A. & Pachernegg, S.J. (1969) Ignition conditions in diesel engines.

Society of Automotive Engineering Transaction Babu, A.K. & Devaradjane, G. (2003) Vegetable oils and their derivatives as

fuels for CI engine

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THANKYOU