Bio 130 Midterm Presentation

8/10/2019 Bio 130 Midterm Presentation

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BIOL 130 Midterm


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Schedule

7:00-7:10 Introduction

7:10-7:20 Cell theory exceptions andproaryote!euaryote comparison

7:20-7:30 "in#doms and plant!animalcell comparison7:30-7:$0 Bond types

7:$0-%:00 Macromolecules

%:00-%:1& 'hermodynamics and (n)ymes%:1&-%:$& Meta*olism

%:$&-+:00 ,uestions and iscussion


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Cell 'heory (xceptions

Virus: .ery small/ consists o a proteincoat and sometimes an en.elopesurroundin# nucleic acid

e4uires a host or#anism to replicate Viroid: Circles o 56/ dont code or

proteins 6lso needs host to replicate

Prion: particle made up o proteins Mad co8 disease in.ol.ement/ tae BIOL

273 or more ino


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e.ie8 ,uestion 1

19 Classiy the ollo8in# as li.in# ornon-li.in# and 8hether they in.ol.enucleic acids or proteins9

6 irus

B iroidC ;rion


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;roaryotes .s9 (uaryotes

Characteristic Prokaryotes Eukaryotes


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e.ie8 ,uestion 2

29 List some deAnin# eatures o theollo8in# in#doms

6 6rchae

B Bacteria

C ;rotista

=un#i

( ;lantae

= 6nimalia


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;lant .s9 6nimal Cells

Characteristic Plant Animal

Cell @all ;resent 6*sent

;lastids ;resent e9#9Chloroplasts

6*sent

Car*ohydrate


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Bond!Interaction 'ypes

Covalent:'he sharin# o electrons *et8eenatoms 8ith the aim o #ainin# a ull outer shell9 ;olarity results i une.en char#e distri*ution exists

*et8een atoms/ or example/ electrone#ati.ity9

Ionic:'he #ain!loss o electrons to ormcations!anions9

Hydrogen Bond: =luorine/ oxy#en or nitro#en8ith hydro#en and another =O5 atom9

Hydrophobic Interactions:'hese presentsolu*ility issues9 'hey a##re#ate in thepresence o 8ater9


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e.ie8 ,uestion 3

39 ?i.e examples o the ollo8in#*ond!interaction types:

6Co.alent

B Ionic

C Dydro#en

Dydropho*ic


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Macromolecules-Car*ohydrates

Monosaccharides/ disaccahrides/oli#osaccharides/ polysaccharides

Lina#e and arran#ement areimportant in diEerentiation ocar*ohydrates 'ae CD(M 2 ormore details

?lyco#en/


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Car*ohydrates-


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e.ie8 ,uestion $Macromolecules-5ucleic 6cids

$9 eAne the ollo8in#:

65ucleotide

B5ucleosideC;urine

;yrimidine

(56=;hosphodiester *ond!lina#e


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Macromolecules-;roteins

Primary structure: seuenceoamino acids

Secondary structure: alpha helix/

*eta sheet/ unor#ani)ed areas all due tohydro#en *ondin#

!ertiary structure: ho8 side chainsinteract to orm other types o *onds/e9#9 hydro#en and ionic

"uaternary: ho8 polypeptide chainsinteract 8ith each other


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e.ie8 ,uestion &

&9 iEerentiate *et8een a proteinmoti and a protein domain9


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Macromolecules-Lipids

>ses o lipids include:

(ner#y at and oil

Dormones steroids itamins 6


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'hermodynamics

#irst $a%: (ner#y cannot *e created ordestroyed/ only transerred!transormedrom one o*Fect!orm to another

Second $a%: (ntropy increases 8itheach ener#y transer!transormation E&ergonic: eactant molecules ha.e

more potential ener#y than products (ner#y output

Endergonic: eactant molecules ha.eless potential ener#y than products (ner#y input


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e.ie8 ,uestion

9 ra8 and la*el dia#rams depictin#exer#onic and ender#onic reactions9


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(n)ymes

$ock and 'ey model:speciAcity/uni4ue acti.e site

Competitive: inhi*itor tries to

outcompete su*strate or acti.e site

(oncompetitive e)g) Allosteric:allosteric molecule *inds to allosteric

site and chan#es acti.e site sosu*strate cannot *ind


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?lycolysis

Products: 2 pyru.ate molecules/ 256D/ 2 6';

En*ymes: hexoinase/phosphoructoinase/ pyru.ate inase

+eduction: #ain o electrons/ #ainhydro#ens

,&idation: loss o electrons/ losehydro#ens


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e.ie8 ,uestion 7

79 6ccount or the input and output osu*stances in #lycolysis9


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!hank -ou and .ood

$uck/

Bio 130 Midterm Presentation

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