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Bee Propolis:

Ancient Cure for Todays Ailments

By: Dana Catalfamo

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Propolis

Essentially the glue in bee hives.

Made of plant resin.

Preserves warmth in hive and keeps out microbes.

Has various antimicrobial properties. Used for healing and part of apitherapy.

Interesting uses including violin varnish.

Used since the Ancient Greeks and Romansdiscovered it.

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Propolis in the Hive

(Kulincevica & Gacica, 1991)

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Major Components

Caffeic acid phenethyl ether or CAPE.

Phenolics

Terpenes

Hydrocarbons

Acids

Flavonoids

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Properties of Propolis in General

Stimulates antibody production.

Inhibits viral entry into CD4 lymphocytes, especiallyagainst HIV-1.

Increases effectiveness of antiviral drugs such as thereverse transcriptase inhibitor, zidovudine.

Treats opportunistic infections that plague AIDSpatients.

Decreases lymphocyte proliferation when exposed to

mitogens such as ConA. Increases production of IFN- and activates

macrophages.

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Interesting Properties of CAPE

Inhibits Nuclear Transcription Factor KappaB or NF-B, which drives T-cell proliferation and effectorfunctions.

Anti-inflammatory activity.

Treats arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, orIBD.

Inhibits IL-2 which also drives T-cell proliferation.

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Different Geographical Samples of

Propolis

Not much of a difference in the effectiveness

of propolis from different regions. Most common one studied is from Brazil and

also from Bulgaria.

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Increased Antibody Production

Propolis was shown to increase antibody

production in rats immunized with bovine

serum albumin, BSA.

Acted as adjuvant.

Enhanced the activity of macrophages.

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Increased Antibody Production

(Sforcin, Orsi, & Bankova, 2005)

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Inhibition of NF-B

CAPE inhibited NF-B binding to macrophages and

decreased cytokine production.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-, which stimulates

macrophages to kill tumor cells was used to see if NF-B would bind.

Anti-inflammatory activity.

Macrophages underwent apoptosis in patients withIBD leading to healing of the injuries to the colon.

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Inhibition of NF-B

(Fitzpatrick, Wang, & Le, 2001)

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CAPE Induces Apoptosis in

Macrophages in Patients with IBD

(Fitzpatrick, Wang, & Le, 2001)

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CAPE Reduces Injury to the Colon

(Fitzpatrick, Wang, & Le, 2001)

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Inhibition of IL-2

CAPE inhibited IL-2 leading to anti-

inflammatory activity.

T-cell proliferation was inhibited in sampleswith Con-A, a mitogen, added.

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Anti-viral Activity

Viral entry of HIV-1 was inhibited in CD4

lymphocytes.

Effectiveness of the reverse transcriptaseinhibitor, zidovudine, was increased.

Virus was kept from proliferating.

HUGE BREAKTHROUGH!!!!!

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Propolis Decreased Viral Expression

in CD4 Cells

(Gekker, Hu, Spivak, Lokensgard, & Peterson, 2005)

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Propolis Increases Effectiveness of

Anti-viral Drugs

(Gekker et. al, 2005)

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Treatment for AIDS Patients

Propolis treats opportunistic fungal infections

such as thrush and leukoplakia.

Kept infections from coming back andalleviated symptoms.

Increased the immune response.

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Increased Production of IFN-

Propolis increased IFN- production leading tothe antigen being presented on cells and theimmune response starting to clear it faster.

Mitogen infected cells did not showproliferation that would normally happen.

Kept mitogen from working.

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Propolis Inhibits Mitogen Activity

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Pharmacology

No recommended dose.

Capsules, liquid, lozenges, tablets, creams,

gels, toothpastes, mouth rinses, and cough

syrups.

Well tolerated unless a person is allergic to a

component of propolis.

If allergic, hives result.

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Summary

Propolis is an effective anti-inflammatoryagent.

Can be used to help AIDS patients.

Controls inflammatory diseases.

Increases effectiveness of immune system.

Mechanisms are not known yet.

HERBAL MEDICINE IS GOOD!!

Ancient cure for todays ailments.

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Works Cited Devillers, J., & Pham-Delegue, M. (2002). Honey Bees: Estimating the

Environmental Impact of Chemicals. New York: Taylor & Francis Inc.

Ellis, H. (2004). Sweetness & Light. New York: Harmony Books.

Fitzpatrick, L.R., Wang, J., & Le, T. (2001 December). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester,

an inhibitor of nuclear factor-KB, attenuates bacterial peptidoglycan poly-

saccharide-induced colitis in rats. The Journal of Pharmacology and

Experimental Therapeutics, (299(3), 915-920. Retrieved October 23, 2005,

from PubMed database, On the World Wide Web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.

gov/entrez

Gekker, G., Hu, S., Spivak, M., Lokensgard, J.R., & Peterson, P.K. (2005, May).

Anti-HIV-1 activity of propolis in CD4+ lymphocyte and microglial cellcultures. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102(1), 158-163.Retrieved September 2, 2005, from ScienceDirect database, On the World Wide Web: http://www.sciencedirect.com

Hubbell, S. (1988). A Book of Bees and How to Keep Them. New York:

Random House Inc. James, J.S. (1987, July 31). Bee Propolis for Thrush, Fungus or Leukoplakia?

AIDS Treatment News, 1(37), Retrieved September 19, 2005, from the

World Wide Web: http://www.aids.org/atn/a-037-01.html

Kulinevia, J. & Gaia, R. (1991). Propolis. Retrieved November 14, 2005,

from the World Wide Web: http://www.pcelar.co.yu/propolis.htm

Marquez, N., Sancho, R., Macho, A., Calzado, M.A., Fiebich, B.L., & Munoz, E.

(2003, November 14). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits t-cell activation

by targeting both nuclear factor of activated t-cells and NF-KB transcription

factors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Fast

Forward, 308(3), 993-1001. Retrieved October 23, 2005, from PubMed

database, On the World Wide Web: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez Parham, P. (2005). The Immune System. New York: Garland Science.

Propolis. (2005). Retrieved September 19, 2005, from the World Wide Web:

http://www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/pro_0294.shtml

Sa-Nunes, A., Faccioli, L.H., & Sforcin, J.M. (2003). Propolis: lymphocyte

proliferation and IFN- production. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87, 93-

97. Retrieved October 19, 2005, from ScienceDirect database, On the World

Wide Web: http://www.sciencedirect.com

Sforcin, J.M., Orsi, R.O., & Bankova, V. (2005, April). Effects of propolis, some

isolated compounds and its source plant on antibody production. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 98(3), 301-305. Retrieved September 19, 2005, from ScienceDirect database, On the World Wide Web:http://www.sciencedirect.com

http://ttp//www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/pro_0294.http://ttp//www.pdrhealth.com/drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/pro_0294.