Appointments.
2
1569 added indefinite quantities, sometimes in solution and sometimes in powder, and they took no precaution to secure that it should be equally distributed. The preservative, he went on to say, was usually introduced by the farmer, but often also by the middleman and by the retailer, so that it might very well happen that the milk had three doses of it. Boric acid was a drug and must be so regarded. Where it had been used for injection into internal cavities or to wash out internal abscesses it had been known to produce death. Dr. Hill then called the attention of the Committee to the results of Dr. H. E. Annett’s experi- ments published in THE LANCET of Nov. llth, 1899, and in particular to the effect of boric acid in milk upon kittens. In Birmingham he found that the fashion in boric acid was yielding before the popularity of formic aldehyde which was known to be a more potent agent. There had been a good many prosecutions in respect of the presence of boric acid and in almost every instance they had been successful. He regarded formic aldehyde as objectionable and dangerous because it hardened albuminous articles and increased the difficulty of digestion. With regard to butter and margarine he had examined during the three and a half years 871 samples and of these 243, or 28 per cent., contained boric acid, the percentage from October to March being 31, and from April to September 23. Boric acid was much more frequent in margarine than in butter. Out of 120 samples which included fat- adulterated butters, there were 101, or 84 per cent., which contained boric acid. He had never found formic aldehyde in butter. With regard to meat foods he had found that 64 per cent. of bacon, ham, sausages, &c., contained boric acid in quantities varying from 0’15 to 0 ’65 per cent., or from 10 to 45 grains per pound. In the case of bacon and ham the boric acid was usually rubbed on to the side and though in con- sequence it existed in greater quantity in the exterior than in the interior parts, it pervaded the whole article in greater or less degree. In sausages, veal and ham, and polony’it appeared to be equally distri- buted throughout. He found that 20 out of 60 samples or 33 per cent. of cream, jam, vinegar, &c., contained either boric or salicylic acid. By Professor THORPE : It had frequently been brought to his notice that inconvenience had resulted from food containing boric acid. In the course of a prosecution a medical man from Glamorgan stated that in administering boric acid in bladder complaints he frequently found that he had to desist from its use for a time on account of the con- stitutional and local disturbance which the remedy occasioned- eruption of the skin, stomach and digestional trouble and sometimes depression of the heart-and a Birmingham medical man gave him information of the same kind from his own experience. In Birmingham they frequently suffered from outbreaks of infantile diarrhcea and he had often thought that probably the presence of boric acid in the milk might aggravate these outbreaks, though he could not say that any steps had actually been taken to connect the two things. He was afraid that it would be very difficult to carry out an inquiry on the subject because the people who suffered most from diarrhoea were poor and they bought their milk in small quantities and from very promiscuous sources. Collecting his results he found that of 2621 samples examined 520, or 20 per cent., contained preservatives. He confessed that he was puzzled by the large proportion of margarine samples which contained preservatives because margarine was an article less prone to’ decomposi- tion than butter. By Dr. TUNNICLIFFE: No case had come under his notice of boric acid poisoning due to the presence of boric acid in food. Asked whether, in his opinion, one or two parts of formic aldehyde in 100,000 parts of milk would be injurious, Dr. HILL said that he thought this would harden the albuminous or nitrogenous constituents of food and have an arresting effect upon the processes of digestion. By Dr. BULSTRODE: It was quite possible that if medical men gener- ally knew the extent to which boric acid was used in milk they might be able to account for outbreaks of diarrhoea which had not been accounted for. His own suspicion, though he could put forward no positive evidence, was that boric acid in milk aggravated these out- breaks. He knew very well that the lower classes had a much greater chance of getting boracised milk than the higher, and he also knew that the lower one went down the social scale the more one had of diarrhcea. He did not think preservatives in milk were necessary, and he said that if the people of Vienna, Brussels, and Antwerp were able to get on without them there was no reason why such a city as Birmingham should require them. Dr. BULSTRODE said that while Dr. Hill had been under examina- tion he had been making a rough calculation. He had supposed that he spent a day in Birmingham and during that_ time had eaten the things he was accust med to eat and that he had been unfortunate enough to hit upon the samples taken by Dr. HILL. Had he done this, he calcu- lated that he would have taken nearly 50 grains of boric acid during the day. Dr. HILL assured Dr. BULSTRODE that this might well happen and that if it did he would be taking more than a full dose of boric acid for actual illness. Dr. BULSTRODE : Not only so, but I might have had something wrong with me and have gone to a physician in Birmingham who might have prescribed me another 45 grains. Dr. HILL then went on to give evidence as to colouring matters. He condemned the use of metallic copper in peas, and in connexion with the colouring of milk he related the experience of a Birmingham inspector who discovered a milk-vendor with a can of yellow water, ready, apparently, for introduction into the milk. Before leaving the witness chair Dr. Hill said he wished it to be known that he repre- sented the Incorporated Society of Medical Officers of Health, who had passed resolutions strongly disapproving of the practice of adding preservative chemicals to milk and other foods and saying that, if pre- servative chemicals were added a full disclosure of their nature and amounts should be made to the purchaser. Dr. SPOTTISWOODE CAMERON said that during 1898 the public analyst of Leeds examined 200 samples of milk in which borax was found in one and three samples of condensed milk in two of which borax was found. During the present year up to about Sept. 18th 176 samples of milk were examined and the public analyst did not report borax or boric acid in any of them nor did he report it in any of the five specimens of con- densed milk. Since Sept. 18th, however, 49 specimens of ordinary milk had been examined and borax compounds of some kind had been found in 25 of them. In four out of 16 samples taken unofficially borax compounds were found-in no case more than 20 grains to the gallon of milk. He did not think that the public generally were aware of the use of these preservatives though the risk to the public health arising from their use was very considerable. His opinion was that boric compounds, like all compounds having a preservative effect, interfered with the digestive processes. He had made no experiments to ascertain how far they were poisonous. If anyone prescribed borax, say, to an infant, he would certainly like to know whether it was already taking the drug. By Professor THORPE : Infantile diarrhcea was very prevalent in Leeds and he had felt for a year or two back that possibly articles like boric acid put into the milk might have something to do with it. With regard to copper in peas, copper was a reputed poison and he had never in practice had any reason to suspect that it was not a poison. If it were known who had used copper he thought that in the course of 10 or 15 years there would be a large amount of information as to the amount of damage copper might do, but in the meantime a medical man called in to see a patient, say suffering from an acute attack of kidney disease had a suspicion merely that the man had been injured years before as to his diet, and as for the patient himself he did not know whether or not he had taken copper in peas. He would have the presence of copper or borax compounds declared to the purchaser and he would prohibit salicylic acid altogether. Dr. BULSTRODE put it to Dr. Cameron whether, if as the result of that Committee nothing happened, he thought it would modify the prescription of milk, and Dr. CAMERON replied that if the Committee reported that there was not much boric acid present in milk, and said that boric acid did no harm, then probably medical men would prescribe milk, but if on the other hand the Committee were to come to the conclusion that there was a large body of boric acid present in milk, and> that it was dangerous to health, then he thought medical men would be inclined to inquire a little more into the matter and advise patients to see whether boric acid was present in their milk. Professor DixoN MANN in the course of his evidence said he believed. that the addition of boric acid to milk was prejudicial to the nutrition of infants living for the most part on that diet. Further, he believed, though he could not offer direct proof, that it caused diarrhcea and other similar troubles. Upon two occasions during last summer children were brought to the Royal Salford Hospital very much emaciated and suffering from constant diarrhcea and he obtained specimens of the milk and ascertained the presence of boric acid in each specimen. He told the parents to change the diet and the diarrhoea ceased, but he had not been able to follow out the cases and he did not wish to found too much upon them. At the same time he asserted that his experience strongly pointed to injury to the health of young children being caused by the presence of boric acid in milk. He had seen several cases of boric poisoning-not produced by food but in two or three instances by applications to the surface of boric- ointment to wounds. His objections to boric acid applied in a degree to the use of formalin. Formalin, Professor Mann said, hardened organic- matter and it retarded, if it did not altogether prevent, digestion. He had performed experiments and seen that a very small amount retarded pancreatic digestion. In his own person he had experienced the injurious effects of salicylic acid in cider. Copper in peas he would have prohibited. It fulfilled no condition except to the appearance, and it was not a natural constituent. He did not think it was justifiable to add any known preservative to milk. That he would be absolute upon, but with regard to the other foods he did not wish to be too- dogmatic. The next meeting of the Committee will not be held until Tuesday.. Dec. 19th. ERRATUM.-BY error in our summary of the evidence given by Dr R. B. Wild before the "Preservatives Committee "of the Local Govern- ment Board on Monday, Nov. 20th, 1899, we substituted the word "grammes " for grains in the account of the effects produced by various- doses of boric acid. It occurs on pages 1485 and 1486 of THE LANCET of Nov. 25th, 1899. "Grains" ought to be substituted for "grammes" throughout the article. Appointments. Successful applicants for Vacancies, Secretaries of -Public Institutions, and others possessin.q information suitable for this column, are invited to forward it to THE LANCET Office, directed to the Sub- Editor, not later than 9 o’clock on the Thursday morning of each week, for publication in the next number. BARBER, S. F., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed Deputy- Medical Officer for the Ecclesall Workhouse. BLANCHARD, D. F., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Edin., L.F.P.S.Glasg., has been. appointed Health Officer at Day Dawn, West Australia, vice C. H. Jones. BLOXAM, G. E., L.R.C.P. Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed Medical Officer for the Western Dispensary, Bath, vice H. C. Hopkins. BORTHWICK, E. L., M.B., C.M. Edin., has been appointed a Public- Vaccinator for South Australia. BRAITHWAITE, JAMES, M.D.’Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed Con- sulting Obstetric Physician to the Leeds Infirmarv. CAMPBELL, DONALD, M.D., C.M. Glasg., has been re-appointed Medical Officer of Health for the Calne Urban and Rural Districts. COANE, JAMES, L.R.C.P.Edin., L.R.C.S.Irel., has been appointed Visiting Surgeon to the District Hospital, Beechworth, Victoria, Australia, vice W. W. Pinniger, resigned. CONNAL, JAMES GALBRAITH, M.B., has been appointed Lecturer on Aural Surgery in Anderson’s College Medical School, Glasgow, vice- James Erskine, resigned. CROSmawm2, W. S., L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Irel., has been appointed by the War Office Civilian Surgeon on board the hospital ship. Princess of Wales proceeding to Cape Town. CROMMELIN, C. E., M.D. Cincinnati, has been appointed Medical, Attendant to the Aborigines at Casino, New South Wales. FARMER, W. H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., has been appointed by the War Office Civilian Surgeon on board the hospital ship Princess 0;,* Waies proceeding to Cape Town.
Transcript of Appointments.
1569
added indefinite quantities, sometimes in solution and sometimesin powder, and they took no precaution to secure that it should beequally distributed. The preservative, he went on to say, was usuallyintroduced by the farmer, but often also by the middleman and bythe retailer, so that it might very well happen that the milk had threedoses of it. Boric acid was a drug and must be so regarded. Where it hadbeen used for injection into internal cavities or to wash out internalabscesses it had been known to produce death. Dr. Hill then called theattention of the Committee to the results of Dr. H. E. Annett’s experi-ments published in THE LANCET of Nov. llth, 1899, and in particular to theeffect of boric acid in milk upon kittens. In Birmingham he found thatthe fashion in boric acid was yielding before the popularity of formicaldehyde which was known to be a more potent agent. There had been agood many prosecutions in respect of the presence of boric acid and inalmost every instance they had been successful. He regarded formicaldehyde as objectionable and dangerous because it hardenedalbuminous articles and increased the difficulty of digestion. Withregard to butter and margarine he had examined during the threeand a half years 871 samples and of these 243, or 28 per cent.,contained boric acid, the percentage from October to March being 31,and from April to September 23. Boric acid was much more frequentin margarine than in butter. Out of 120 samples which included fat-adulterated butters, there were 101, or 84 per cent., which containedboric acid. He had never found formic aldehyde in butter. Withregard to meat foods he had found that 64 per cent. of bacon, ham,sausages, &c., contained boric acid in quantities varying from 0’15 to0 ’65 per cent., or from 10 to 45 grains per pound. In the case of bacon andham the boric acid was usually rubbed on to the side and though in con-sequence it existed in greater quantity in the exterior than in theinterior parts, it pervaded the whole article in greater or less degree.In sausages, veal and ham, and polony’it appeared to be equally distri-buted throughout. He found that 20 out of 60 samples or 33 per cent.of cream, jam, vinegar, &c., contained either boric or salicylic acid.By Professor THORPE : It had frequently been brought to his notice
that inconvenience had resulted from food containing boric acid. Inthe course of a prosecution a medical man from Glamorgan stated thatin administering boric acid in bladder complaints he frequently foundthat he had to desist from its use for a time on account of the con-stitutional and local disturbance which the remedy occasioned-eruption of the skin, stomach and digestional trouble and sometimesdepression of the heart-and a Birmingham medical man gave himinformation of the same kind from his own experience. In Birminghamthey frequently suffered from outbreaks of infantile diarrhcea and hehad often thought that probably the presence of boric acid in the milkmight aggravate these outbreaks, though he could not say that anysteps had actually been taken to connect the two things. He was afraidthat it would be very difficult to carry out an inquiry on the subjectbecause the people who suffered most from diarrhoea were poor and theybought their milk in small quantities and from very promiscuous sources.Collecting his results he found that of 2621 samples examined 520, or20 per cent., contained preservatives. He confessed that he waspuzzled by the large proportion of margarine samples which containedpreservatives because margarine was an article less prone to’ decomposi-tion than butter.By Dr. TUNNICLIFFE: No case had come under his notice of boric
acid poisoning due to the presence of boric acid in food. Asked whether,in his opinion, one or two parts of formic aldehyde in 100,000 parts ofmilk would be injurious, Dr. HILL said that he thought this wouldharden the albuminous or nitrogenous constituents of food and have anarresting effect upon the processes of digestion.By Dr. BULSTRODE: It was quite possible that if medical men gener-
ally knew the extent to which boric acid was used in milk they mightbe able to account for outbreaks of diarrhoea which had not beenaccounted for. His own suspicion, though he could put forward nopositive evidence, was that boric acid in milk aggravated these out-breaks. He knew very well that the lower classes had a much greaterchance of getting boracised milk than the higher, and he also knewthat the lower one went down the social scale the more one had ofdiarrhcea. He did not think preservatives in milk were necessary, and hesaid that if the people of Vienna, Brussels, and Antwerp were able to geton without them there was no reason why such a city as Birminghamshould require them.
Dr. BULSTRODE said that while Dr. Hill had been under examina-tion he had been making a rough calculation. He had supposed thathe spent a day in Birmingham and during that_ time had eaten the thingshe was accust med to eat and that he had been unfortunate enough tohit upon the samples taken by Dr. HILL. Had he done this, he calcu-lated that he would have taken nearly 50 grains of boric acid during theday.Dr. HILL assured Dr. BULSTRODE that this might well happen andthat if it did he would be taking more than a full dose of boric acidfor actual illness.Dr. BULSTRODE : Not only so, but I might have had something wrong
with me and have gone to a physician in Birmingham who might haveprescribed me another 45 grains.
Dr. HILL then went on to give evidence as to colouring matters. Hecondemned the use of metallic copper in peas, and in connexion withthe colouring of milk he related the experience of a Birminghaminspector who discovered a milk-vendor with a can of yellow water,ready, apparently, for introduction into the milk. Before leaving thewitness chair Dr. Hill said he wished it to be known that he repre-sented the Incorporated Society of Medical Officers of Health, who hadpassed resolutions strongly disapproving of the practice of addingpreservative chemicals to milk and other foods and saying that, if pre-servative chemicals were added a full disclosure of their nature andamounts should be made to the purchaser.Dr. SPOTTISWOODE CAMERON said that during 1898 the public analyst of
Leeds examined 200 samples of milk in which borax was found in oneand three samples of condensed milk in two of which borax was found.During the present year up to about Sept. 18th 176 samples of milk wereexamined and the public analyst did not report borax or boric acid inany of them nor did he report it in any of the five specimens of con-densed milk. Since Sept. 18th, however, 49 specimens of ordinarymilk had been examined and borax compounds of some kind had beenfound in 25 of them. In four out of 16 samples taken unofficially boraxcompounds were found-in no case more than 20 grains to the gallon ofmilk. He did not think that the public generally were aware of the useof these preservatives though the risk to the public health arising fromtheir use was very considerable. His opinion was that boric compounds,
like all compounds having a preservative effect, interfered with thedigestive processes. He had made no experiments to ascertain how farthey were poisonous. If anyone prescribed borax, say, to an infant,he would certainly like to know whether it was already taking thedrug.By Professor THORPE : Infantile diarrhcea was very prevalent in Leeds
and he had felt for a year or two back that possibly articles like boric acidput into the milk might have something to do with it. With regard tocopper in peas, copper was a reputed poison and he had never in practicehad any reason to suspect that it was not a poison. If it were knownwho had used copper he thought that in the course of 10 or 15 yearsthere would be a large amount of information as to the amount ofdamage copper might do, but in the meantime a medical man called into see a patient, say suffering from an acute attack of kidney diseasehad a suspicion merely that the man had been injured years before asto his diet, and as for the patient himself he did not know whether ornot he had taken copper in peas. He would have the presence of copperor borax compounds declared to the purchaser and he would prohibitsalicylic acid altogether.Dr. BULSTRODE put it to Dr. Cameron whether, if as the result of
that Committee nothing happened, he thought it would modify theprescription of milk, and Dr. CAMERON replied that if the Committeereported that there was not much boric acid present in milk, and saidthat boric acid did no harm, then probably medical men would prescribemilk, but if on the other hand the Committee were to come to theconclusion that there was a large body of boric acid present in milk, and>that it was dangerous to health, then he thought medical menwould be inclined to inquire a little more into the matter and advisepatients to see whether boric acid was present in their milk.Professor DixoN MANN in the course of his evidence said he believed.
that the addition of boric acid to milk was prejudicial to the nutritionof infants living for the most part on that diet. Further, he believed,though he could not offer direct proof, that it caused diarrhcea andother similar troubles. Upon two occasions during last summerchildren were brought to the Royal Salford Hospital very muchemaciated and suffering from constant diarrhcea and he obtainedspecimens of the milk and ascertained the presence of boric acid in eachspecimen. He told the parents to change the diet and the diarrhoeaceased, but he had not been able to follow out the cases and he did notwish to found too much upon them. At the same time he assertedthat his experience strongly pointed to injury to the health ofyoung children being caused by the presence of boric acid in milk.He had seen several cases of boric poisoning-not produced by foodbut in two or three instances by applications to the surface of boric-ointment to wounds. His objections to boric acid applied in a degree tothe use of formalin. Formalin, Professor Mann said, hardened organic-matter and it retarded, if it did not altogether prevent, digestion. Hehad performed experiments and seen that a very small amount retardedpancreatic digestion. In his own person he had experienced theinjurious effects of salicylic acid in cider. Copper in peas he wouldhave prohibited. It fulfilled no condition except to the appearance, andit was not a natural constituent. He did not think it was justifiableto add any known preservative to milk. That he would be absoluteupon, but with regard to the other foods he did not wish to be too-dogmatic.The next meeting of the Committee will not be held until Tuesday..
Dec. 19th.
ERRATUM.-BY error in our summary of the evidence given by DrR. B. Wild before the "Preservatives Committee "of the Local Govern-ment Board on Monday, Nov. 20th, 1899, we substituted the word"grammes " for grains in the account of the effects produced by various-doses of boric acid. It occurs on pages 1485 and 1486 of THE LANCETof Nov. 25th, 1899. "Grains" ought to be substituted for "grammes"throughout the article.
Appointments.Successful applicants for Vacancies, Secretaries of -Public Institutions,
and others possessin.q information suitable for this column, areinvited to forward it to THE LANCET Office, directed to the Sub-Editor, not later than 9 o’clock on the Thursday morning of eachweek, for publication in the next number.
BARBER, S. F., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed Deputy-Medical Officer for the Ecclesall Workhouse.
BLANCHARD, D. F., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Edin., L.F.P.S.Glasg., has been.appointed Health Officer at Day Dawn, West Australia, vice C. H.Jones.
BLOXAM, G. E., L.R.C.P. Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed MedicalOfficer for the Western Dispensary, Bath, vice H. C. Hopkins.
BORTHWICK, E. L., M.B., C.M. Edin., has been appointed a Public-Vaccinator for South Australia.
BRAITHWAITE, JAMES, M.D.’Lond., M.R.C.S., has been appointed Con-sulting Obstetric Physician to the Leeds Infirmarv.
CAMPBELL, DONALD, M.D., C.M. Glasg., has been re-appointed MedicalOfficer of Health for the Calne Urban and Rural Districts.
COANE, JAMES, L.R.C.P.Edin., L.R.C.S.Irel., has been appointedVisiting Surgeon to the District Hospital, Beechworth, Victoria,Australia, vice W. W. Pinniger, resigned.
CONNAL, JAMES GALBRAITH, M.B., has been appointed Lecturer onAural Surgery in Anderson’s College Medical School, Glasgow, vice-James Erskine, resigned.
CROSmawm2, W. S., L.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. Irel., has been appointed bythe War Office Civilian Surgeon on board the hospital ship.Princess of Wales proceeding to Cape Town.
CROMMELIN, C. E., M.D. Cincinnati, has been appointed Medical,Attendant to the Aborigines at Casino, New South Wales.
FARMER, W. H., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., has been appointed by the WarOffice Civilian Surgeon on board the hospital ship Princess 0;,*Waies proceeding to Cape Town.
1570
HARDY, L. E.. M.B., C.M. Edin., has been appointed bv the WarOffice Civilian Surgeon on board the hospital ship Princess of
Wales proceeding to Cape Town.HOPKINS, J. J, L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Irel., has been appointed Medical
Officer for the Castlebar No. 1 Dispensary District, vice M. J. D. E.Jordan.
HUGHES, M. O’G., M.B. Syd., has been appointed Honorary AssistantSurgeon, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales.
JONES, R. H., M.B., Ch.B. Melt, has been appointed Honorary Assist-ant Oculist, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales.
KELYNACK, T. N., M.D., M.R.C.P., has been appointed ARsistantto the Professor of Medicine at the Owens College, VictoriaUniversity.
LITTLEJOHN, E. S., M.D. Edin., C.M., has been appointed HonoraryMedical Officer to the Out-patient Department, Sydney Hospitalfor Sick Children. New South Wales.
MAUNSELL, J., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Irel., has been appointed DistrictMedical Officer for the Roebourne District, also Public Vaccinatorfor the Urban. Suburban, and Rural Districts of Roebourne, andQuarantine Officer for the Port of Cossack, West Australia.
NEILL, L. E. F., M.B., Ch.M. Syd.. has been appointed Surgical Tutorto the University of Sydney, New South Wales. ’.
PHELPS, J. H. D., B.A, Oxon., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., has been appointedHouse Surgeon to the Buenos Ayres British Hospital.
ROUSE, R. D., L.R.C.P. Lond.. M.R.C.S., has been appointed MedicalOfficer of Health for the Madron Urban Sanitary District, vice J. G.Couch.
RYAN, PERCIVAL CECIL HARDINGE, M.A., M.D., B.Cb. Dubl., hasbeen appointed Public Vaccinator tor the city parishes of Bath, viceC. Hopkins, deceased.
SIMPSON, G. A. G., M.R.C.S., has been re-appointed Medical Officer ofHealth by the Acton District Council.
SMYTH, R. M., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Irel., has been appointed a PublicVaccinator for South Australia.
STEELL, J., M.B., Ch.M. Edin., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S. Edin., has been
appointed pro tem. Medical Superintendent for the Yarra BendLunatic Asylum, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
TAYLOR, FRANK E., M.A., M.Sc., M.B., B.Oh., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,has been appointed Senior Resident Medical Officer to QueenCharlotte’s Lying-in Hospital. London.
WARBURTON, Colonel W. P., M.D. Edin.. has been appointed Super-intendent to the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, vice Surgeon-Major-General Lithgow.
WETHERED, F. J., M.D. Lond., F.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., has been appointedAssistant Physician to the Middlesex Hospital.
WILLIAMSON, R. T., M.D. Lond., M.R.C.t*., has been appointedAssistant Lecturer in Medicine at Owens College, Manchester.
Vacancies.For further Injormation regarding each vacancy reference should be
made to the advertisement (see Index).
BIRMINGHAM AND MIDLAND EYE HOSPITAL, Birmingham.-AssistantHouse Surgeon. Salary E50 per annum, with apartments andboard.
BIRMINGHAM GENERAL DISPENSARY.-Resident Surgeon. Salary £150per annum, with an allowance of .e30 per annum for cab hire, andfurnished rooms, fire, lights, and attendance.
CENTRAL LONDON OPHTHALMIC HOSPITAL, Grav’s Inn-road, W.C.-House Surgeon. Board and residence provided in the hospital.
FISHERTON HOUSE ASYLUM.-Assistant Medical Officer. Salary B150per annum, with board, lodging, and washing. Apply to Dr. Finch,The City House, Salisbury.
GUEST HOSPITAL, Dudley.-Senior Resident Medical Officer. Salarycommencing at £100 per annum, rising by £10 a year conditionally,with board, residence, attendance, and washing.
HARRIS PARISH COUNCIL FOR THE SOUTHERN DIVISION OF HARRIS.-Medical Officer and Public Vaccinator. Satary B90, other emolu-
ments. Apply to the Solicitor, Mr. T. Wilson, Lochmaddy, Clerk.HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, Great Ormond-street, Bloomsbury,
London.-Resident Medical Superintendent for one year. Salary100 guineas per annum, with board and residence in the Hospital.Also House Surgeon for six months. Salary E20, with board andresidence in the Hospital. Also House Physician for six months,unmarried. Salary B20, with board and residence in the Hospital.
HULL ROYAL INFIRMARY.-Junior Assistant House Surgeon, for oneyear. Salary £40, with board and lodging.
JAMES MURRAY’S ROYAL ASYLUM, Perth.-Assistant Medical Officer.Apply to Dr. Urquhart, Physician-Superintendent.
LINCOLN LUNATIC HOSPITAL.-Assistant Medical Officer. Salary £100,with board and washing.
LONDON LocK HOSPITAL. 91, Dean-street, W.-House Surgeon to MaleHospital. Salary 250 per annum, with: board, lodging, andwashing.
LONDON LOCK HOSPITAL, Harrow-road, W.-House Surgeon to theFemale Hospital. Salary B63 per annum, with board, lodging, andwashing.
MANCHESTER EAR HOSPITAL, 23, Byrom-street.-Clinical Clerkship fora Senior Student for six months. Honorarium 10 guineas.
MIDDLESEX HOSPITAL, W.-Assistant to the Cancer Research Labora-tories. Salary £100 per annum, with an honorarium of ;E50 afterhis second year of office if re-elected. Also Medical Officer andRegistrar to the Cancer Department. Salary .8100 per annum, withboard and residence in the College.
NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR THE PARALYSED AND EPILEPTIC (AlbanyMemorial), Queen-square, Bloomsbury, London.-Registrar. Hono-rarium, annually, ot 50 guineas.
NORFOLK AND NORWICH HOSPITAL, Norwich.-House Physician fortwo years, unmarried. Salary .E80 a year, with board, lodging, andwashing. ,
NoRTH-BASTERN HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN, London.-House Physicianfor six months. Salary at the rate of £50 per annum. Apply tothe Secretary, Citv Office, 27, Clement’s-lane, E.C.
NORTH RIDING INFIRMARY, Middlesbrough-on-Tees.-House Surgeon.Salary £100 a year, with lodging, board, and washing.
NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE INFIRMARY AND EYE HOSPITAL, Hartshill,Stoke-on-Trent.-House Governor and Secretary. Salary .E300 ayear, non-resident.
NOTTINGHAM GENERAL DISPENSARY.-Clinical Assistant. Salary £60 forsix months (renewable). Special arrangements as to board, &c.
PONTEFRACT GENERAL DISPENSARY AND INFIRMARY -ResidentMedical Officer. Commencing salary :C150 per annum, with fur-nished rooms, fire, lights, and attendance.
RiPON DISPENSARY AND COTTAGE HOSPITAL, Itipon -Resident HouseSurgeon and Dispenser, unmarried. Salary :e70 first year andadvancement subsequently, with board and lodging.
ROYAL COLLEGE OF ]PHYSICIANS, London.-Milroy LEcturer for 1901.ROYAL HOSPITAL FOR DISEASES OF THE CHEST, City-road, London.-
Assistant Physician.SOUTH DEVON AND EAST CORNWALL HOSPITAL, Plymouth.-House
Surgeon. Salary .E100, with board and resIdence.STAFFOHDSHIRE GENERAL INFIRMARY, Stafford.-Assistant House
Surgeon. Salary jE80 per annum, with board, lodging, andwashing.
ST. MARYLBBONE INFIRMARY, Ladbroke-grove, London.-ClinicalAssistant to the Medical Superintendent. Salary at the rate of P50per annum, with board. Personal application any morning beforeDec. 6th.
THREE COUNTIES ASYLUM.-Second Assistant Medical Officer. un-
married. Salary commencing at £150 per annum, with board,aoartments, washing, and attendance. Apply to the Clerk to theVisiting Committee. St. Neots, Hunts.
THROAT HOSPITAL, Golden-square, London.-Junior Resident MedicalOfficer for six months. Salary at the rate of JE50 per annum.
UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH. -Additional EYaminerships in MateriaMedica and Clinical Surgery. Salary of the Examiner in MateriaMedica £75 per annum, and that of each of the Examiners inClinical Surgery, B50 per annum. An allowance of £10 per annumgiven conditionally.
VICTORIA INFIRMARY OF GLASGOW.-Superintendent and ResidentMedical Officer. Salary £300 per annum, with board in the Infir-mary and a free house.
WREXHAM INFIRMARY.-House Surgeon. Salary E80 per annum, withboard, lodging, and washing.
Births, Marriages, and Deaths.BIRTHS.
CLARKE.-On Nov. 23rd, at Box, Wilts, the wife of H. Ward Clarke,M.B., of a daughter.
DODD.-On Nov. 21st, at 14, Goldstone-villas, Hove, the wife of ArthurH. Dodd, L.R.C.P. Lond., M.R.C.S. Eng., of a daughter.
Fox.-On Nov. 26th, at Englestone, Strathpeffer Spa, the wife of R.Fortescue Fox, M.D., of a son.
FURBER.-On Nov. 26th, at Beechcroft, Oxted, the wife of EdwardPrice Furber, L.R.C.P. Lond., M.R.C.S., of a daughter.
HEDGES.-On Nov. 28th, at Newport, Salop, the wife of C. E. Hedges,M.D. Cantab., of a daughter.
SENIOR.-On Nov. 29th, at Herne Bay, the wife of E. W. Senior,M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., of a son.
SURRIDGE.-On Nov. 25th, at Knutsford, Cheshire, the wife of E. N.Surridge, B.A., M.B., B.C., of a son.
VISE.-On Nov. 20th, at Mount Pleasant-road, Tunbridge Wells, thewife of Christopher Vise, M.D., of a son.
MARRIAGES.
REID-BARING.-On Nov. 28th, at St. Paul’s, Knightsbridge, Sir JamesReid, Bart., K.C.B., Physician in Ordinary to the Queen and to thePrince of Wales, to Susan, daughter of the late Lord Revelstoke.
SMITH-PULLIN.-On Nov. 22nd, at St. Augustine’s, Honor Oak, Walter’ H. M. Smith, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., eldest son of Dr. Smith, Ci oydon,
to Florence Emily, daughter of Joseph Shurly Pullin, of HonorOak,
THORNTON-GILBERT-WHITE.-On Nov. 14th, at Corpus Christi Church,Boscombe, James William Thornton-Gilbert, L.R.C.P., of HarveyHouse, Folkestone, to Agnes Hannah, youngest dau7hter of HenryWhitp. nf Worcester.
DEATHS.
COOPER.-On Nov. 28th, at his residence, King-street, Leicester, CharlesWilliam Cooper, M.B., aged 57 years.
GOLDNEY.-On Nov. 26th, at his residence, 18, Brook Green, London,W., Arthur Charles Nelson Goldney, M.R.C.S.Eng., L.S.A., elder sonof the late Captain Arthur John Goldney, Royat South GloucesterMilitia, of Buckingham House, Slough, aged 62 years. Funeral,Slough Parish Church, Saturday, 2 P.M.
LEWIS.-On Nov. 25th, after a few hours’ illness, Frederick WilliamsLewis, Surgeon, Violet Cottage, Llandovery, aged 48 years.
PRENDERGAST.-On Nov. 20t.h, at Villa Bianca. Bath, in the 90th yearof his age, Joseph Samuel Prendergast, M.D., retired Inspector-General of Army Hospitals.
WHEELER.-On Nov. 25th, William Ireland De Courcy Wheeler, M.D.,of Merrion-square, Dublin.
N.B.-A fee of 5s. is charged for the insertion of Notices of Births,Marriages, and Deaths.. n
