Amir Ali Presentation

8/11/2019 Amir Ali Presentation

1/39

CHARACTERIZATION AND MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF VINYL ESTER

RESIN/EPOXIDIZED PALM OIL/CLAY

NANOCOMPOSITE

Presented by: AmirAli Khalili

Supervisor: Assoc.Prof. Dr Abdul Razak Bin Rahmat

March 03, 2014


2/39

2

Introduction

Literature review Methodology

Results and Discussions

Conclusion and Recommendations

Content


3/39

Bio-basedpolymer

Plant Oils

Polymeric composite

Eco-friendly

Triglycerides

Functionalization

Introduction


4/39

4

Nowadays, biodegradable vegetable oils have attracted more

attention due to oil crises (raw material with relative high cost and

low production), biodegradability and environmental friendly.

There are several techniques and various types of catalyst that have

been used by researchers to cure epoxidized vegetable oils and

hence produced thermosetting polymer resin such as epoxy

(Zlataniet al.,

2004).

Green thermosetting resins were prepared using epoxidized palm

oil (EPO) and epoxy based petroleum (Mamauod et al., 2012).

Background of study


5/39

5

Due to the advantage of Malaysia as the producer ofpalm oil, this research plans to explore the potential ofepoxidized palm oil (EPO).

Several studies have investigated about different ratio ofVE/AESO, UPE/ ESO and VE/nanoclay. However, theEPO/VE/nanoclay ratios have not been developed.Following are some of the questions that need to beanswered to expand this research area.

Problem Statement


6/39

6

What are the effects of loadings of EPO/VE/nanoclay composite on

thermal characteristic and curing behavior of composite resin as well as its

resistance to moisture absorption?

What are the effects of loadings of EPO/VE/nanoclay composite on the

mechanical properties of the composite resin such as tensile, flexural and

impact strength?

What are the dispersion and morphology of nanoclay inclusion in EPO/VE

resin composite resin?

Problem Statement


7/397

To investigate the effect of composition of EPO/VE/nanoclayon the mechanical properties of nanocomposite polymerresin such as flexural, tensile, impact strength.

To characterize EPO/VE/nanoclay composite on thermal andcuring behavior of nanocomposite polymer resin as well as itsresistance to thermal decomposition compared to the parentVE and EPO.

To determine the dispersion and morphology of nanoclayinclusion in EPO/VE.

Objective


8/398

Preparation of EPO/VE/clay at various ratio of VE/EPO 100/0, 95/5,92.5/7.5and 90/10-wt % respective and clay at various amounts of 1,2and 3 phr.

Mechanical testing of EPO/VE/clay using tensile, flexural and impacttest.

Characterization analysis on the thermal and curing behavior ofEPO/VE/nanoclay resin for using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) anddifferential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

Morphological study of EPO/VE/nanoclay resin using atomic forcemicroscopy (AFM).

Scope


9/399

Literature Review


10/3910

Type of Resin Advantages Disadvantages

Epoxy

High mechanical and thermal

properties. High water

resistance. Long working times

available. Temperature

resistance can be up to 140C

wet/220C dry. Low cureshrinkage

More expensive than

vinylesters.

(315/kg) Critical

mixing. Corrosive

handling


11/3911

Resin Advantages Disadvantages

Polyester

Easy to use

Lowest cost of resins

available (12/kg)

Only moderate mechanical

properties. High styreneemissions in open molds.

High cure shrinkage

Limited range of working

times


12/3912

Resin Advantages Disadvantages

Vinylester

Very high

chemical/environmental resistance.Higher mechanicalproperties thanpolyesters

Postcure generally

required forhigh properties. Highstyrene content.Higher cost thanpolyesters (24/kg)High cure shrinkage


13/39

13

Type of Vinyl Ester Resins Epoxy vinyl ester resins

Non epoxy vinyl ester resins.

Curing Reaction

Initiator

Crosslinking

Vinyl ester resin


14/39

14

Schematic representation of free-radical crosslinking mechanism.


15/39

15

Vegetable Oils

R1 R2 R3fatty acid chain

Schematic of a triglyceride molecule

Synthesis of triglyceride


16/39

16

Vegetable Oils

a) Palm oil b) Epoxidized palm oil


17/39

17

Types of Nanocomposites Conventional Composite

Intercalated Composite

Delaminated Composite or exfoliated

Nanoclay

Nanocomposites


18/39

18

Nanocomposites

Schematic representations of different types of composite

prepared from the layered silicates and polymers


19/39

Autor Blend Year Result

Miyagawa UPE/EMS 2006 High elastic

modulus, Constant

Tg, HDT and E

decreased

Haq UPE/ESO/silicate 2009 Thermo-Physical

properties improved,

Karger VE/AESO 2010 Modulus, Strength

and Tg decreased but

ductility and

Fracture toughness

increased

Gefu VE/MMT 2008 Mechanical

properties improved

Your logo here


20/39

20

METHODOLOGY


21/39

21

Bisphenol-A type epoxy Vinyl ester resin (VE)

Epoxidized Palm oil (EPO)

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP)

Organically modified montmorilloniteCloisite 30B

Styrene

Materials


22/39

22

Sample PreparationFormulations of VE/EPO/CALY

Formulation Vinyl ester

resin wt%

Epoxidized

Palm Oil wt%

Clay (phr)

VE/EPO 100 0 0,1,2,3

VE/EPO 95 5 0,1,2,3

VE/EPO 92.5 7.5 0,1,2,3

VE/EPO 90 10 0,1,2,3


23/39

23

SonicationClay (1Kg) +Acetone

(50L)

for 2 hours

Mixing

Sonicatedclay/Acetone+ VE

Acetone Removal

Heating on heater @55 oC for 3 hours

Styrene Addition

Add a lost amount ofstyrene

Initiator Addition

(MEKP)1.5 wt %

Mixing

EPO+VE+clay

Stirring

Curing

@ room temperaturefor 24 hours

Post curing

@ 120 oC for 2 hours


24/39

24

Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR)

X-ray Diffraction (XRD)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

Flexural Test

Tensile Test

Impact Testing

Characterization


25/39

25

Results and Discussion


26/39

26

Tensile Properties of VE/ EPO/ Clay

Nanocomposite

0

10

20

30

40

50

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5

Tensilestrength(Mpa)

EPO wt%

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5

tensileModulus(GPa)

EPO wt%

Effect of EPO content on tensilestrength of VE/EPO blend

Effect of EPO content on tensilemodulus of VE/EPO blends


27/39

27


Nanocomposite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 1 2 3

TensileStrength(MPa)

Clay Loading (phr)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

0 1 2 3 4

TensileModulu

s(MPa)

Clay loading (phr)

Tensile strength of VE/5 wt% EPOwith various clay loadings

Tensile modulus of VE/5 wt% EPOwith various clay loadings


28/39

28


Nanocomposite

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 1 2 3

ElongationatBreak(%)

Clay Loading (phr)

Elongation at break of VE/5 wt% EPO with various clay loadings


29/39

29

Flexural Properties VE/EPO/ Nanoclay

Composite

0

5

10

15

20

2530

35

40

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

flexuralstrength(M

pa)

Clay Loading (phr)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

0 1 2 3

flexuralmodulus

(Mpa)

Clay Loading (phr)

Flexural strength of VE/5 wt% EPOwith various clay loadings

Flexural modulus of VE/5 wt% EPO withvarious clay loadings


30/39

30

Flexural Properties VE/EPO/ Nanoclay

Composite

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5

flexuralstrain

EPO Loading (wt%)

Flexural strain of VE/EPO with various EPO loadings


31/39

31

Impact Properties VE/EPO/ Nanoclay

Composite

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5

Impactstr

ength(J/m)

EPO wt%

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1 2 3 4

impactstren

gth(J/m)

Clay Loading (phr)

Impact strength of VE/5 wt% EPO withvarious clay loadings

Impact strength of VE/EPO with variousEPO content


32/39

32

X-Ray Diffraction VE/EPO/Nanoclay

Composite

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

0 10 20 30 40 50

Intensity

2 ( )

ag

h

0

50

100

150

200250

300

350

400

450

500

0 10 20 30 40 50

Intensity

2 ()

abac

ad

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of (a) clay;(g)VE; (h) VE/5 wt% EPO

X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern of(ab) clay; (ac) VE/5 wt% EPO; (ad)VE/5 wt% EPO/1 phr clay


33/39

33

Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy

(FTIR)

FTIR spectrum of VE, EPO and VE/EPO blends


34/39

34

Differential Scanning Calorimetry Study of

VE/EPO Blends

DSC thermograms of VE and VE/EPO blends


35/39

35

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

AFM 3D topography VE/EPO5% /Clay 2 phr AFM 3D topography VE/EPO 5%/Clay 1 phr


36/39

36

Months

Activities

S O N D J F M A M J J A

Literature

Study andWriting

Proposal

Designing theProcess and

MaterialsPreparation

Preparation ofNanocomposite

AnalyzingData

WritingDissertation 2

Writing Paper


37/39

37


38/39

38


39/39

Amir Ali Presentation

Documents

Transcript of Amir Ali Presentation