ACTIVITATS DE RECUPERACIÓ CIÈNCIES SOCIALS d) El 31 % de la població mundial viu en un país...
Transcript of ACTIVITATS DE RECUPERACIÓ CIÈNCIES SOCIALS d) El 31 % de la població mundial viu en un país...
TEMA 1. LA POBLACIÓ: DISTRIBUCIÓ, DINÀMICA I ESTRUCTURA
1.1. Els habitants de la Terra es distribueixen de forma desigual sobre el
territori. Demostra la validesa o la falsedat d’aquesta afirmació amb tants
arguments com puguis.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.2. Com es calcula la densitat de població d’un territori?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.3. En què es diferencien un padró i un cens?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.4. De quins factors depèn el creixement natural o vegetatiu d’una població?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.5. Quan diem que un territori té un creixement zero?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.6. Les taxes de natalitat i de mortalitat dels països rics són molt diferents
de les dels països pobres. Per què?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.7. Llegeix aquestes afirmacions i digues si són certes (C) o falses (F):
a) Tradicionalment, Catalunya ha estat una terra d’emigrants. ___
b) Per calcular el creixement total d’un territori, cal tenir en compte el creixement
natural i el saldo migratori. ___
c) Tots els immigrants se’n van a viure a un altre país. ___
d) El 31 % de la població mundial viu en un país diferent del que va néixer. ___
e) Aproximadament un 16 % de la població de Catalunya és d’origen
estranger. ___
f) L’ACNUR és el comissionat de les Nacions Unides que vetlla per la protecció dels
refugiats. ___
1.8. Quins tipus de piràmides de població hi ha? Descriu-ne les diferències
principals.
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
1.9. Des del punt de vista de l’estructura demogràfica, de quins grups formes
part? Per què?
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
TEMA 2. LA CIUTAT
2.1. Tria una població de Catalunya que coneguis bé, digues si el seu
poblament és rural o urbà i argumenta la teva afirmació.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.2. «Avui al món hi ha més gent que viu al camp que a la ciutat.» És
certa aquesta afirmació? Justifica la resposta.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.3. Esmenta una ciutat del món antic que s’hagi format a partir d’un pla
ortogonal i una altra que segueixi aquesta mateixa distribució de l’època
contemporània.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.4. Tria les dues funcions urbanes que consideris més importants i
defineix-les. Raona la teva tria.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.5. Posa exemples de ciutats del món i de barris del teu municipi en què
hi hagi un predomini d’una funció determinada.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.6. Què és una àrea urbana multifuncional?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.7. Què és l’àrea metropolitana de Barcelona?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.8. Quina ciutat de l’interior del territori català constitueix una excepció
pel que fa a la població? Com és la xarxa urbana al seu voltant?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.9. Esmenta llocs que coneguis que estiguin situats en un espai
periurbà. Poden ser polígons industrials, urbanitzacions, centres
comercials, campus universitaris, etc.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
2.10. Imagina que a Catalunya es vol construir una nova ciutat totalment
sostenible. Com hauria de ser?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
TEMA 3. L’ESCLAT I L’EXPANSIÓ DE L’ISLAM
3.1. Llegeix aquestes afirmacions i digues si són certes (C) o falses (F):
a) Àrab i musulmà són dos termes sinònims. ___
b) Mahoma va viure al segle VII dC. ___
c) La Meca ja era un lloc sagrat abans del naixement de Mahoma. ___
d) Els clergues de les mesquites administren els sagraments als fidels
que s’hi congreguen. ___
e) Els musulmans veneren Maria i Jesús. ___
3.2. Descriu les característiques físiques (relleu i precipitacions) de la
península Aràbiga.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
3.3. Qui habitava Aràbia quan va néixer Mahoma?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.4. Redacta una breu biografia de Mahoma.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.5. Descriu amb les teves paraules els cinc grans pilars de la fe islàmica.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.6. Mahoma va dir que «la religió i el poder polític són germans
bessons». Creus que aquest principi continua vigent encara als països on
la religió musulmana és majoritària? Si consideres que sí, posa’n
exemples.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.7. Com eren les ciutats islàmiques medievals?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.8. «Els àrabs van sintetitzar i difondre les cultures precedents amb què
van entrar en contacte.» Demostra aquesta afirmació.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.9. Enumera totes les innovacions que van introduir els àrabs a Europa
que coneguis.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.10. Descriu com són les mesquites i quines parts tenen.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.11. «Durant la conquesta islàmica de la península Ibèrica hi ha haver
molta violència i setges de ciutats molt llargs.» És certa aquesta
afirmació? Justifica la resposta.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.12. Quan va assolir al-Àndalus la màxima esplendor? Raona la
resposta.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
3.13. Què destacaries del llegat islàmic a la península Ibèrica?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
TEMA 4. L’EUROPA FEUDAL
4.1. Valora la importància històrica de la figura de Carlemany.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.2. Ja al segle VIII els víkings eren temuts arreu de l’Europa nord-
occidental. Per què?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.3. Quins factors expliquen l’aparició i la consolidació del feudalisme?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.4. Què era un feu? Defineix-ho amb les teves paraules.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.5. «A l’alta edat mitjana la població europea gairebé no creixia.» És
certa aquesta afirmació? Per què?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.6. Els reis medievals ocupaven el vèrtex de la piràmide social.
Tanmateix, el seu poder era feble. Per què?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.7. Descriu com vivien els nobles medievals, tant en temps de guerra
com en les èpoques de pau.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.8. Qui van ser els benedictins?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.9. «Els monestirs medievals eren com petites ciutats gairebé
autosuficients.» És certa aquesta afirmació? Argumenta-ho.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4.10. Quan i on van ser abolits per primera vegada els drets senyorials
sobre la pagesia?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
TEMA 5. EL NAIXEMENT DE CATALUNYA I DELS ALTRES REGNES
PENINSULARS
5.1. Descriu el context polític i militar en què es va produir la
independència de Catalunya respecte de la monarquia franca.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.2. Quines fronteres naturals separaven la Catalunya Vella de la
Catalunya Nova? A quina d’aquestes dues àrees geogràfiques es troba la
població on vius?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.3. Valora la importància històrica de la figura de Guifré el Pelós.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.4. Quina de les teories sobre l’origen del nom de Catalunya et sembla
més versemblant? Per què?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.5. En quin segle es van establir les quatre barres tal com avui les
coneixem? Quines comunitats autònomes les tenen en l’actualitat a les
seves banderes?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.6. Quin comte català va trencar el pacte feudal amb la monarquia
franca? Quin rei catalanoaragonès va aconseguir que la independència
de Catalunya fos reconeguda legalment pel rei de França?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.7. Quin paper va tenir el comte Ramon Berenguer I en l’establiment del
feudalisme català?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.8. Tria un d’aquests dos personatges, Alfons I el Bataller o Ramon
Berenguer IV, i descriu la seva política d’expansió territorial.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.9. Qui va ser Alfons I de Catalunya?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.10. Qui eren els pagesos de remença?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.11. Quins regnes hi havia a la península Ibèrica al segle XII?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5.12. Qui va ser el primer comte aragonès? Quin fet destacat va
impulsar?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
TEMA 7. CATALUNYA A LA BAIXA EDAT MITJANA
7.1. Valora la importància històrica de la batalla de Muret.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.2. Compara els processos de conquesta de Mallorca i València i
destaca’n les semblances i les diferències.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.3. Tria alguna de les campanyes militars de la Corona d’Aragó dels
segles XIII i XIV i fes-ne una interpretació crítica.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.4. Per què durant la baixa edat mitjana a Barcelona hi vivien persones
d’orígens molt diversos i s’hi podien trobar mercaderies provinents
d’arreu?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.5. Demostra amb alguns exemples la frase següent: «La societat de les
ciutats catalanes medievals era molt diversa».
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.6. Enumera alguns dels oficis que era habitual trobar a les ciutats
catalanes durant l’edat mitjana i descriu-ne tres.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.7. Què era la Diputació del General? Quina relació tenia amb les Corts
catalanes? La Generalitat actual fa les mateixes funcions?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.8. Defineix pactisme amb les teves paraules.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.9. Què va ser «lo mal any primer»?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.10. Explica i valora com es va resoldre la mort sense descendència del
rei Martí I l’Humà.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.11. Quines guerres i conflictes hi va haver a Catalunya al segle XV? Tria
el que consideris més important i explica’l.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.12. Què eren les iniqües consuetuds? Descriu la que consideris més
humiliant.
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.13. Les Corts de Castella eren diferents de les de la Corona d’Aragó?
Per què?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
7.14. Què era l’Honrado Concejo de la Mesta?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________