68832612 Elaboracion de Jabon Organica II

7/26/2019 68832612 Elaboracion de Jabon Organica II

1/22

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE SAN CRISTBAL DE HUAMANGA

FACULTAD DE INGENIERA QUMICA Y METALURGIA

DEPARTAMENTO ACADMICO DE INGENIERA QUMICA

ESCUELA DE FORMACIN PROFESIONAL DE INGENIERA QUMICA

LABORATORIO DE QUMCA ORGNICA

INFORME 07

ELABORACI DE JABO ES

SIGLA : QU-241

PROFESOR : Ing. CORDOVA MIRANDA Alcira

IN EGRAN ES : LIMACO CARPIO! El"a#ar

GRUPO :

A$O % SEMES RE AC. : 2&&' ( II

FEC)A DE E*ECUCION : + + +

FEC)A DE EN REGA : + + +

AYACUCHO - PER

2009

Pgina1


2/22

I. OBJETIVOS :

Obtener jabn a partir de manteca vegetal (grasa).

Determinaremos a partir del principio bsico, la formulacin de un Jabn

a partir de manteca vegetal, utilizando hidr ido de sodio como

saponi!cador.

II. FUNDAMENTO TERICO:ELABORACIN DE JABON

La ,r",araci n "l /a0 n " na " la 3 an5ig a r"acci6n" 7 83ica c6n6ci a . D ran5" igl6 la"la06raci n " /a06n" 9 " na 5ar"a ca "ra "3,l" n 6 " ,ara "ll6 c"ni#a "g"5al" ; gra aani3al" 6 "g"5al" . P6 5"ri6r3"n5" " 5i5 ; la c"ni#a ,6r lcali .

El jabn ! ag"n5" li3,ia 6r 6 "5"rg"n5" 7 " " 9a0rica 5ili#an 6 gra a "g"5al" ; ani3al" ; ac"i5" .

Q 83ica3"n5"! " la al " 6 i6 6 ,65a i6 " n ci 6 gra 6 7 " " 96r3a ,6r la r"acci n " gra a ;ac"i5" c6n lcali.

L6 /a06n" 6n al" ica 6 ,65 ica " ci 6 gra 6 ,"ri6r" c la " 5 n c6n 5i5 i a ,6r 6 ,ar5" ! na a,6lar! 96r3a a ,6r na

ca "na larga car06na a! c636 i 9 "ra na c6la! 7 " " n" 5ra ; r","l" "l ag a


3/22

La ,r6 cci n " /a0 n "ra c63Bn "n I5alia ; "n E ,a a ran5" "l igl6 VIII. Alr" " 6r "l igl6 III!c an 6 la in 5ria "l /a0 n ll"g a Francia " " I5alia! la 3a;6r8a " l6 /a06n" " ,r6 c8an a ,ar5ir

" "06 " ca0ra! c6n c"ni#a " ?a;a 7 " ,r6,6rci6na0a "l lcali. ra i 5in56 "@,"ri3"n56 ! l69ranc" " " arr6llar6n n 3>56 6 ,ara la 9a0ricaci n "l /a0 n 5ili#an 6 ac"i5" " 6li a "n l gar "

gra a ani3al" . )acia "l a 6 1 &&! in5r6 /"r6n " c 0ri3i"n56 "n Ingla5"rra. E 5a in 5riacr"ci r ,i a3"n5" "n " " ,a8 ; "n 1 22 "l r"; *ac606 I l" c6nc" i ci"r56 ,ri il"gi6 .

En 1 H ! "l 7 83ic6 "c6 Carl Jil?"l3 Sc?""l" i3 l " 96r3a acci "n5al la r"acci n 7 " " ,r6 c"?6; "n "l ,r6c" 6 " ?"r i 6 "n la 9a0ricaci n "l /a0 n < " cri56 3 a "lan5"=! c an 6 "l ac"i5" "6li a! ?"r i 6 c6n @i 6 " ,l636! ,r6 c" na 5ancia " a06r lc" 7 " >l "n63in Kl ! ,"r67 " ?6; " c6n6c" c636 glic"rina. El " c 0ri3i"n56 " Sc?""l" ,"r3i5i al 7 83ic6 9ranc> Mic?"lE g>n" C?" r" l in " 5igar la na5 ral"#a 7 83ica " la gra a ; l6 ac"i5" 7 " " an "n "l /a0 n.C?" r" l " c 0ri "n 1H2 7 " la gra a i3,l" n6 " c630inan c6n "l lcali ,ara 96r3ar "l /a0 n!

in6 7 " " " c63,6n"n an5" ,ara 96r3ar ci 6 gra 6 ; glic"rina. Mi"n5ra 5an56! "n 1 '1! "l7 83ic6 9ranc> Nic6la L"0lanc in "n5 n ,r6c" 6 ,ara la 605"nci n " car06na56 " 6 i6 6 6 a!

5ili#an 6 al 6r inaria! 7 " r" 6l ci6n la 9a0ricaci n "l /a0 n.

En alg na #6na "l c6n5in"n5" a3"rican6! "l /a0 n " ?ac8a ,rinci,al3"n5" "n "l 30i56 63> 5ic65ili#an 6 gra a ani3al" "rr"5i a . Sin "30arg6! ?acia 1 &&! l6 ?a0i5an5" " alg na #6na

605"n8an la 3a;6r ,ar5" " ingr" 6 " la "@,6r5aci n " c"ni#a ; gra a "3,l"a a "n la9a0ricaci n "l /a0 n.

La gra a ; ac"i5" 6n " 5"r" 96r3a 6 ,6r n alc6?6l 3 n ci 6. La 5ancia gra a "" c63,6n"n al 5ra5arla c6n na i 6l ci n ac 6 a " lcali < 6 a ica 6 ,65 ica= ,r6 ci>n 6 "na r"acci n 7 83ica "n63ina a a,6ni9icaci n 7 " a c636 r" l5a 6 /a0 n ; glic"rina.

Para 7 " la a,6ni9icaci n " ,r6 #ca " n"c" ari6 agi5ar la 3"#cla " la gra a c6n la 6 a Si la 6 a" ica


4/22

L6 /a06n" 6n al" ica 6 ,65 ica " ci 6 gra 6 ,"ri6r" c la " 5 n c6n 5i5 i a ,6r 6 ,ar5" ! na a,6lar! 96r3a a ,6r na

ca "na larga car06na a! c636 i 9 "ra na c6la! 7 " " n" 5ra ; r","l" "l ag a


5/22

Caractersticas:

- Q 83ica3"n5" "l /a0 n " na 3"#cla " la al" " 6 i6 6 " ,65a i6 " ci 6 gra 6 "ca "na larga! ,r6 ci a ,6r la ?i r li i < a,6ni9icaci n= " na gra a ani3al 6 "g"5al c6n n

lcali. La gra a ; l6 ac"i5" 6n 5riglic>ri 6 ! " "cir 5ri> 5"r" " glic"r6l c6n 5r" ci 6car06@8lic6 " ca "na larga! n6 ra3i9ica a.

- La i9"r"ncia "n5r" la gra a ; l6 ac"i5" " 7 " " 56 Bl5i36 ,r" "n5an ci 6 car06@8lic6in a5 ra 6 .

- El 8n ic" " a,6ni9icaci n " "9in" c636 la can5i a " lcali n"c" ari6 ,ara a,6ni9icar ngra36 " gra a 6 ac"i5".

" L6 /a06n" "/"rc"n acci n li3,ia 6ra "0i 6 a 7 " l6 6 "@5r"36 " 36l>c la 6n 3 ;i9"r"n5" . Un6 " l6 "@5r"36 " la 36l>c la " i nic6! ,6r 5an56 ?i r 9il6 ; 5i"n " a i 6l "r "

"n "l ag a. La 65ra ,ar5" " la ca "na " ?i r6car0 r6 n6 ,6lar! ,6r 5an56 li, 9ila 6 a98n a la gra a

; 5i"n " a i 6l "r " "n "lla. Una "# 6l 0ili#a a "n ag a! la gra a ; la 3 gr" , " "n

"li3inar " .

El /a0 n " ,r"n " la ci" a c la

El /a0 n " ,r"n " la ci" a c la. La 36l>c la "l /a0 n " 6ri"n5an al i 6l "r " "n "l ag a " la

ig i"n5" 3an"ra: la ,ar5" ?i r 960a " 36l>c la c5rica3"n5"=7 " c6n5i"n"n la gra a ; "l ,6l 6! ;! "l "@5r"36 ?i r 9il6! la ca0"#a! " 6ri"n5a ; " n" al ag a 6n "7 " an 9l65an 6 la 3ic"la .El 36 i3i"n56 ran5" "l ,r6c" 6 " la a 6 ;a "a a 3an6 6 a 3 7 ina ; "l ag a cali"n5" 9a 6r"c"n "l

" ,r"n i3i"n56 " la ,ar58c la " gra a ; 7 " " 5a " 0 i i an.

FUNCIONES

Pgina5


6/22

Pgina6


7/22

A7 8 "36 "l 3"cani 36 ,6r "l 7 " "l /a0 n ac5Ba 60r" la ci" a "l 5"/i 6. Una "# 7 " "l /a0 n" ?a i "l56 "n ag a! 36l>c la r6 "an la 3anc?a "l 5"/i 6! 96r3an 6 n anill6 alr" " 6r"n63ina 6 micela . E 56 " "0" a 7 " l6 "@5r"36 " la 36l>c la " /a0 n 5i"n"n ,r6,i" a "i9"r"n5" . Un "@5r"36 "hidrfilo < " " a5ra8 6 ,6r "l ag a=! 3i"n5ra 7 " "l 65r6 "hidrfobo ! ; " "

a5ra8 6 ,6r 5ancia n6 6l 0l" "n ag a! c636 ac"i5" 6 gra a. C an 6 la 36l>c la " /a0 n "n"n a la 3anc?a " gra a! 96r3an n c6n/ n56 6l 0l" "n ag a.

La 3a;6r8a " l6 /a06n" "li3inan la gra a ; 65ra ci" a " "0i 6 a 7 " alg n6 " c63,6n"n5" 6n ag"n5" ac5i 6 "n ,"r9ici" 6 ag"n5" 5"n 6ac5i 6 . E 56 ag"n5" 5i"n"n na" 5r c5 ra 36l"c lar 7 " ac5Ba c636 n "nlac" "n5r" "l ag a ; la ,ar58c la " ci" a ! 6l5an 6 la,ar58c la " la 9i0ra 0;ac"n5" 6 " c al7 i"r 65ra ,"r9ici" 7 " " li3,i". La 36l>c la ,r6 c"" 5" "9"c56 ,6r7 " n6 " "@5r"36 "hidrfilo


8/22

" 56 , " " arn6 na in5"r" an5" c6l"cci n " 9ragancia ; "l " arr6ll6 " i "r a al5"rna5i a ,ara" 5a la 96r3 laci n " " 5" 5i,6 " /a06n" " r"la5i a3"n5" i3,l".

S" "0" "n65ar 7 " "l ni "l " 9ragancia n6 "0" ,a ar "l 1. ;a 7 " " 56 , " " a9"c5ar la5ran l ci "#.

a " ,ara "l /a0 n 5ran l ci 6

,"r9 3" 1 a 1.

c6l6r 7. .

Jabones !&'u$%os(

L6 /a06n" l87 i 6 "n 96r3a 6riginal 6n a,6ni9icaci6n" an 6 na 3"#cla c 5ica "n c6n/ n56c6n ac"i5" 6 gra a 7 " 5i"n"n n al56 c6n5"ni 6 " ci 6 6l"ic6 ; l6 6l"a56 r" l5an5" " 6 i6 ;,65a i6 7 " " 5 n "n ,rinci,i6 ,r" "n5" "n "l c6n5"ni 6 " /a0 n " 5" 5i,6 " /a06n" n6 "0"nc6n9 n ir " c6n l6 ac5 al" 7 " 5a30i>n " lla3an /a06n" l87 i 6 ;a 7 " " 56 6n 3a 0i"n

i 5"3a "5"rg"n5" "n c6l6r" ; ,r" "n5aci6n" a5rac5i a .

Jabones ransparen es(

L6 "r a "r6 /a06n" 5ran ,ar"n5" a i9"r"ncia " l6 5ran lBci 6 , " "n ,r6 cir " " i9"r"n5"3an"ra ! na " la 3a an5ig a " la " i 6l "r n /a0 n " 0 "na cali a "n alc6?6l c6n ncal"n5a3i"n56 a " ,ara 96r3ar na 6l ci n 5ran ,ar"n5" la c al , " " " 5ar ,"r9 3a a ; c6l6r"a a"l r"3an"n5" " alc6?6l , " " "li3inar " ,6r " 5ilaci n ; "l /a0 n 5ran ,ar"n5" li7 i 6 , " " "r c6l6ca 6 "n 0l67 " 6 36l " . La 5a0l"5a 5i"n"n 7 " "r c6n ici6na a ,6r 5r" 3" " an5" " "r "3,aca a ; ran5" " 5" ,"ri6 6 na i 56r i6na a r" l5an 6 alg na " l8n"a 7 " l "g6 "60 "r an "n " 5" 5i,6 " /a06n" .

E 5" ,r6c" 6 ,6r na5 ral"#a " c6 56 6 ; " r" 5ringi 6 a alg n6 ,r6 c56 "n " ,"c89ic6.

Pr6c" 6 al5"rna5i 6 ; 3 bara os l6 c al" ?an i 6 " arr6lla 6 c6n a ici n " a#Bcar! ac"i5" "ca 56r ; glic"rina. La "l"cci n " l6 " l6 3a5"rial" gra 6 a 6 ,ara ,r6 cir /a06n"5ran ,ar"n5" " 3 ; i3ilar a la " /a0 n n6r3al ; la cali a "l c6l6r " l6 ac"i5" 6 ci 6 gra 6a9"c5an ir"c5a3"n5" "l c6l6r "l ,r6 c56 9inal. A ," ar 7 " "l ac"i5" " ca 56r " i3,6r5an5" ,ara,r6 cir n ,r6 c56 c6n ,5i3a clari a 5a30i>n 5i"n" la " "n5a/a " ,r6 cir n c6l6r a3arill"n56 "nla 5a0l"5a 9inal. E 56 li3i5a "l rang6 " c6l6r" 7 " , " "n "r ,r6 ci 6 "n ,ar5ic lar! "l a# l ; "l r6 an6 6n ia0l" " ?an 60 "r a 6 7 " alg n6 ,r6 c56 6n ir5 al3"n5" 6n "l c6l6r "l ag a5ran ,ar"n5".

Pgina8


9/22

Una 96r3aci n 58,ica ,ara n /a0 n 5ran ,ar"n5" "0" "r:

G !"!"

ci 6 gra 6 2 .&&

Ac"i5" " c6c6 .&&

Ac"i5" " ca 56r .&&

E5an6l 1&.&&

)i r @i 6 " 6 i6 .2&

glic"r6l 1 . &

A#Bcar '.&&

ED A &.2

Ag a a 1&&.&&

A.

B. TIPOS DE AGUA PARA JABONES:El ag a ,ara l6 /a06n" 5i"n" la 9 nci n " i 6l "r la 6 a c 5ica ; "r "l 3" i6 6n " " ,r6 c"la a,6ni9icaci n.

El ag a ,ara l6 /a06n" 5i"n" la 9 nci n " i 6l "r la 6 a c 5ica ; "r "l 3" i6 6n " " ,r6 c"la a,6ni9icaci n.

Un /a0 n , " " c6n5"n"r alr" " 6r " 1 " ag a na "# c ra 6.

D","n i"n 6 " la r"c"5a ! "l ag a a agr"gar " 5a "n5r" ; 4 al c63i"n#6 " la ,r",araci n.

)a; ari6 5i,6 " ag a i ,6ni0l" ,ara ?ac"r /a0 n ,"r6 ca a na " "lla 5i"n" "n5a/a ;" "n5a/a .

Pgina9


10/22

An5" " " cri0ir l6 5i,6 " ag a 7 " ?a; i ,6ni0l" ! a36 a ?a0lar " la ,r6,i" a " .El ag a , " " "r 0lan a 6 ra "n 9 nci n " la can5i a " ca5i6n" c6n carga 2 6 3a . Un ag a "

ic" 7 " " 0lan a c an 6 5i"n" 0a/6 c6n5"ni 6 " ca5i6n" calci6 3agn" i6 65r6 . El ag a " rac an 6 5i"n" al56 c6n5"ni 6 "n " 56 ca5i6n" 65r6 ,6li al"n5" .

E@i 5"n 65r6 i6n" 7 " , " "n " 5ar ,r" "n5" ,"r6 n6 "r n 3 ; c63 n" "n la ag a 7 " ?a;i ,6ni0l" .

L6 ca5i6n" " calci6 ; 3agn" i6 ,r6 6can la ,r"ci,i5aci n " l6 /a06n" "n " ,"cial. S6l6 "l /a0 n"l aci 6 l ric6 5i"n" 3a r" i 5"ncia a ,r"ci,i5ar ; " 3an5i"n" 6l 0l".

a30i>n n "@c" 6 " i6n" 6 i6 "n "l ag a , " " ,r6 6car "l ,r"ci,i5a 6 " /a06n" "0i 6 a n"9"c56 7 83ic6 lla3a 6 i6n c63Bn! a n7 " la "n5a/a " 7 " " r" "r i0l".

L6 i "al " ar ag a l6 3 0lan a ,6 i0l".

L6 i9"r"n5" 5i,6 " ag a i ,6ni0l" n6r3al3"n5" 6n:

A)ua %e Re% : " 5a ag a ","n i"n 6 " la #6na 6n " " "@5ra" , " " "r 0lan a i " " r86

gran " ; ca al6 6 6 ra i " "@5ra8 a " ,6#6 "n la 5i"rra. S6l6 "ria 5ili#a0l" i " 0lan a. Elag a " r" "l" "nir c6n cl6r6 ga i "l56 ,ara " i5ar c6n5a3inaci n 0ac5"riana! ; c636 " 6@i an5"n6 " r"c63"n a0l" ar a 8 ir"c5a3"n5" ;a 7 " n6 a9"c5ar8a alg n6 ac"i5" ! i5a3ina ! ac"i5"" "ncial" "5c. ,6r l6 7 " " r"c63"n a0l" ?"r ir "l ag a ; "/ar "n9riar 5a,a a.

A)ua %es*$nera!$+a%a: E 5a " "l ag a 7 " "0"r8a36 ar i n6 ,6 "36 ar la " la r" . E

n6r3al3"n5" 3al lla3a a " 5ila a . E 5a ag a " ,r6 c" 3" ian5" n a0lan a 6r " ag a. E 5"i ,6 i5i 6 c6n5i"n" r" ina " in5"rca30i6 i nic6 7 " r"5i"n"n l6 ca5i6n" c6n 2 6 3a carga Ca

Mg ; "/an ,a ar l6 " 1 carga c636 "l 6 i6 Na 6 ,65a i6 .

A)ua %es $!a%a o b$%es $!a%a: S6n 5i,6 " ag a 7 " " 605i"n"n 3" ian5" " 5ilaci n ,6r cal6r ;l "g6 "l ag a " c6n "n a a ,6r "n9ria3i"n56. E cara ; n6 " 9 cil " c6n "g ir. N6 " n"c" ari6

5ili#ar n ag a a i ,ara /a06n" . E 5a " "l" 5ili#ar "n la06ra56ri6 9ar3ac> 5ic6 ,ara 9a0ricar 3" ica3"n56 .

A)ua %e !!u,$a E n ag a 7 " i " / n5a l "g6 " l6 ,ri3"r6 3in 56 " ll ia ,ara a "g rar la

li3,i"#a "l air" a536 9>ric6 " 3 ; B5il. i"n" carac5"r8 5ica i3ilar" a la " 5ila a. D" ?"c?6 ,a 6,6r n ,r6c" 6 i3ilar 6l6 7 " " na5 ral "l ,r6c" 6 < " a,6raci n " r86 ! lag6 ; 3ar" !c6n "n aci n "n n 0" ; ll ia=

Pgina10


11/22

C636 , " "n n65ar 5"n"36 3 c?6 5i,6 " ag a ,ara 5ili#ar. E@i 5"n 65r6 9ac56r" a c6n i "rar c636 la ,6 i0ili a " c6n5a3inaci n 0ac5"riana "l ag a ,"r6 56 6 ","n "r "l ,r6c" 6 7 "

a36 .

Para "l ,r6c" 6 "n 9ri 6 cali"n5" 5an56 la 5"3,"ra5 ra c636 "l 3" i6 9 "r5"3"n5" 0 ic6 ?ar8ani3,6 i0l" la i a " 0ac5"ria "n "l ag a 6 l "g6 "n "l /a0 n. N6 60 5an5" i l6 " "an , " "n ?"r ir "lag a ; "/ar "n9riar c6n "l r"ci,i"n5" 5a,a 6.

III. MATERIALES Y REACTIVOS

.a er$a!es

Va 6 ,r"ci,i5a 6 " && 3l ; 2 & 3l.

Ma5ra# " Erl"n3";"r " 2 & 3l. Varilla " i ri6. L na " r"l6/. E , 5 la. E30 6. Pr60"5a. A,ara56 " 0a 6 " 9r86. M"c?"r6 " n "n r8,6 " R"/illa c6n a 0" 56 Pi "5a. Pi,"5a.

E'u$pos :

alan#a anal85ica.

R#!$%&'(":

Man5"ca "g"5al. )i r @i 6 " 6 i6. NaO) S6l ci n " cl6r r6 " 6 i6. NaCl Ag a. ) 2O

Pgina11


12/22

Pgina12


13/22

IV. PROCEDIMIENTO Y RESULTADOS E)PERIMENTALES:

*. SAPONIFICACIN DE LAS GRASAS

T/#n$#a En n a 6 " ,r"ci,i5a 6 " && 3l ,6n"r 4& gra36 " gra a! agr"gar 2 3l " "5an6l ;cal"n5ar a "3"n5" c6n c i a 6! agi5an 6! ?a 5a 7 " la gra a " ?alla i "l56! l "g6 agi5an 6 la

6l ci n agr"gar 2 3l " na 6l ci n " NaO) al 4& ! c6n5in ar agi5an 6 ?a 5a 7 " 56 a la 3a a6li i9i7 ". D"/ar "n r",6 6 1 3in 56 ! l "g6 agr"gar 2 & 3l " ag a " 5ila a ; cal"n5ar la 3"#cla

c6n agi5aci n ?a 5a 7 " "l /a0 n " i "l a! l "g6 agr"gar 2 & 3l " na 6l ci n a5 ra a " NaCl ;agi5ar 0i"n la 3"#cla. D"/ar "n9riar! "can5ar! agr"gar na ,"7 " a can5i a " ag a " in3" ia5a3"n5"

",arar "l l87 i 6 "l /a0 n. E cri0ir la " 5 aci n 7 83ica ,ara la a,6ni9icaci n! c6n i "ran 6 la5ri" 5"arina.Di i ir "l /a0 n "n 5r" ,ar5" ig al"

Pgina13


14/22

Reaccin:

G !"! $(+ N!OH

Obser,a#$0n

C an 6 ?"36 i "l56 la 6 a 7 " " 5a0a "n " 5a 6 li 6 "n "l ag a! ?"36 60 "r a 6 7 " ?a 5"ni 6l gar na r"acci n "@65>r3ica ;a 7 " la i 6l ci n "l ag a c6n NaO) " cali"n5a al " ,r"n "r cal6r.

C an 6 ?"36 cal"n5a 6 " 5a 3"#cla ; ,a a 6 n 5i"3,6! ?"36 ,6 i 6 60 "r ar "n "l r"ci,i"n5" ca,a : la in9"ri6r 7 " c6n5i"n" la 6l ci n " 6 a 60ran5" c6n la glic"rina 96r3a a la in5"r3" ia!

"3i li a! c6n 5i5 i a ,6r /a0 n! ; la ,"ri6r! a3arilla " gra a 7 " n6 ?a r"acci6na 6.

Pgina14


15/22

E 5a r"acci n ?a 5"ni 6 l gar ,6r n ,r6c" 6 " a,6ni9icaci n "n la 7 " a ,ar5ir " gra a ; NaO)605"n"36 /a0 n ; glic"rina.

Para 7 " la a,6ni9icaci n " ,r6 #ca " n"c" ari6 agi5ar la 3"#cla " la gra a c6n la 6 a. Si la 6 a "ica


16/22

,. PREAPARACIN DE UN JABON SLIDO.

T/#n$#a En n a 6! i 6l "r la ,ri3"ra ,6rci n "n n 6l 3"n ,"7 " 6 " ag a cal"n5an 6a "3"n5"! c6n agi5aci n 60r" n 0a 6 " ag a 6 na lla3a ,"7 " a " 3"c?"r6 " n "n.

C6n5in ar ?a 5a 7 " la 3"#cla " ?aga c63,l"5a3"n5" " ," a ; , " a "r agi5a 6 c6n i9ic l5a ! l "g6agr"gar na g65a " c6l6ran5"! 3"#clar 0i"n! "n9riar ; aciar a n 36l ". R","5ir l6 3i 36 c6n la

"g n a ,6rci n ,"r6 "n l gar " agr"gar n c6l6ran5"! , " " agr"gar na " "ncia! ,"r9 3"! cr"3a 65r6 c6l6ran5".

Obser,a#$0n

L a ,ri3"ra ,6rci n " /a0 n " i 6l i "n ag a "n a 6 " ,r"ci,i5a 6 ?a 5a 9 n ici n! c6n laa; a "l 3"c?"r6 " n "n! ?a 5a 7 " " ?i#6 c63,l"5a3"n5" " ," a ; , " a "r agi5a 6 c6n

i9ic l5a ! l "g6 " agr"g g65a " c6l6ran5"


17/22

4. PROPIEDADES DE UN JABON LQUIDO.

T/#n$#a Di 6l "r la 5"rc"ra ,6rci n "l /a0 n cal"n5an 6 c6n 1 & 3l " ag a. P6n"r 3l " " 5a6l ci n "n 6 5 06 " "n a;6! a n6 " l6 5 06 agr"gar g65a " cl6r r6 " calci6-&. 36lar! al

65r6 agr"gar g65a " MgSO4 &. M.E cri0ir la "c aci6n" 7 83ica

O5"# '!$&6+:

L a ,ri3"ra ,6rci n " /a0 n " i 6l i "n ag a "n a 6 " ,r"ci,i5a 6 ?a 5a 9 n ici n! c6n laa; a "l 3"c?"r6 " n "n! ?a 5a 7 " " ?i#6 c63,l"5a3"n5" " ," a ; , " a "r agi5a 6 c6n

i9ic l5a . S" 563 3 " 5ra " 3l "l /a0 n i "l56 "n 6 5 06 " "n a;6. Al 5 06 A " a a ig65a " MgSO4 "1/8!%( -# !9+#"&( ! ; al 5 06 " a a i CaCl2! $/( 1 ( -# $!/$&(! 96r3 n 6 " "na306 ca 6 n ,r"ci,i5a 6 " c6l6r 0lanc6 5 r0i6.

R#!$$&(+#":

Pgina17


18/22

V. CONCLUSIONES:

En c6ncl i n ,6 "36 3"nci6nar 7 " la ?i r li i 0 ica " n > 5"r " na r"acci n

5ili#a a c6n 9in" in 5rial" " ,"c89ica3"n5" ,ara la 9a0ricaci n " /a06n" ! l6 c al"c 3,l"n na 9 nci n 3 ; i3,6r5an5" "n la i a iaria " l6 "r" ? 3an6 .

L6 /a06n" "/"rc"n acci n li3,ia 6ra "0i 6 a 7 " l6 6 "@5r"36 " 36l>c la 6n

3 ; i9"r"n5" . Un6 " l6 "@5r"36 " la 36l>c la " i nic6! ,6r 5an56 ?i r 9il6 ; 5i"n " ai 6l "r " "n "l ag a. La 65ra ,ar5" " la ca "na " ?i r6car0 r6 n6 ,6lar! ,6r 5an56 li, 9ila 6

a98n a la gra a ; 5i"n " a i 6l "r " "n "lla. Una "# 6l 0ili#a a "n ag a! la gra a ; la3 gr" , " "n "li3inar ".

Q 83ica3"n5" "l /a0 n " na 3"#cla " la al" " 6 i6 6 " ,65a i6 " ci 6 gra 6 "

ca "na larga! ,r6 ci a ,6r la ?i r li i < a,6ni9icaci n= " na gra a ani3al 6 "g"5al c6nn lcali. La gra a ; l6 ac"i5" 6n 5riglic>ri 6 ! " "cir 5ri> 5"r" " glic"r6l c6n 5r"ci 6 car06@8lic6 " ca "na larga! n6 ra3i9ica a.

El Sil6gi 36 " " 5a in " 5igaci n c6n c" a r"c63"n ar la "la06raci n " n " 5 i6 "

,r"9ac5i0ili a " l6 ci 6 Gra 6 i,6 R" i al 5"r" ,6r7 " ,r6,6rci6na "l r"ac5i 6

9 "r5"3"n5" n cl"69ilic6 O)-. E 5a r"acci n " irr" "r i0l" " "ncial3"n5"! , " 56 7 " n

ani n car06@ila 6 " 5a0ili#a 6 ,6r r" 6nancia "3 " 5ra ,6ca 5"n "ncia a r"acci6nar c6n nalc6?6l.

El 5a3a 6 " l6 cri 5al" ,ara la 96r3aci n "l li 6 c a/6 6 ","n "n " la c6nc"n5raci n

" la 6l ci n a5 ra a " cl6r r6 ic6 ; la ra,i "# c6n 7 " " a a " la 3"#cla "l 3a5ra#.

L6 /a06n" 6n al" ! " 5a al" 6n 6l 0l" "n ag a in "30arg6! n6 " 5ra5a "

6l ci6n" "r a "ra "n la 7 " la 36l>c la " 6l 56 " " ,la#an li0r" "in ","n i"n5"3"n5"! in6 7 " " i ,"r a "l /a0 n "n gr ,6 " 9>ric6 lla3a 6 3ic"la !ca a na " la c al" , " " c6n5"n"r c"n5"nar" " 36l>c la " /a0 n.

Una 36l>c la " /a0 n 5i"n" n "@5r"36 ,6lar! --COO-Na ! ; 65r6 n6 ,6lar! la ca "na larga

c6n 12 a 1H car06n6 . El ,ri3"r6 " 6l 0l" "n ag a! ; " ic" 7 " " ?i r 9il6. El "g n 6n6 l6 " ! ,6r l6 7 " " "n63ina ?i r 9606


19/22

,ar5" "@5"ri6r! la c al" " n"n al c"n5r6 3"5 lic6 " la al! 96r3an 6 c6ngl63"ra 6 c ;65a3a 6 ; can5i a ","n " "l 9 "r5" "9"c56 ,6lari#an5" " l6 ca5i6n" 60r" l6 i6n" .

La ag a ra c6n5i"n"n al" " calci6 ; 3agn" i6 7 " r"acci6nan c6n /a0 n ,ara 96r3ar

car06@ila56 " calci6 ; 3agn" i6 in 6l 0l"


20/22

VII. CUESTIONARIO:*. P! ! ;1# "# !9 #9! N!C/ #+ /! "! 5"r ;a?i r6li#a 6! " 96r3ar6n cri 5al" ! "l 5a3a 6 " ic?6 cri 5al" ","n "n " la 6l ci n a5 ra a "cl6r r6 ic6 ; a la ra,i "# c6n 7 " " a a " la 3"#cla "l 3a5ra#. Al "r a a i 6 "n 96r3a r ,i a!c636 " n " 5r6 ca 6! l6 cri 5al" 7 " " 96r3an 6n " 3a;6r 5a3a 6! "0i 6 a 7 " n6 ?a; 5i"3,6 a

7 " " 56 " i "l an ; 96r3"n cri 5al" ,"7 " 6.

,. T(-(" /(" 3!5(+#" "(+ ;1> &$! #+%# &91!/#"= E?c5rica "l 3i 36 ign6 7 "! al r","l"r "! ?ac"n

7 " la ,ar58c la gra a 7 " "n ",ara a "n5r" 8! 96r3an 6 na "3 l i n " 5a0l". En ca 6c6n5rari6! i n6 "@i 5i"ra "l /a0 n! al agi5ar "li 5"3a ag a ( ac"i5"! " 96r3ar8a "n "l ,ri3"r 363"n56

na "3 l i n! ,"r6 al c" ar la agi5aci n! "0i 6 a la gran a5racci n "n5r" 36l>c la ! la g65i5a "nir8an "n5r" i 96r3an 6 n " a3"n5" 6 ca,a . S" ic"! ,6r " 5a,r6,i" a ! 7 " "l /a0 n "3 l i9ica

la gra a .

En la ,"r9ici" " r6,a 60/"56 ! la ci" a " a ?i"r" ,6r 3" i6 " na ,"l8c la gra a 7 " "l ag an6 , " " i 6l "r. Al agr"gar /a0 n al ag a ; agi5ar! la gra a " "3 l i9ica ; 96r3a ,"7 " a g65a

",ara a ! 7 " 6n arra 5ra a ,6r "l ag a "l la a 6.

4. A ;1@ "# -#5# /! !+$&-#2 -# 1+! 9 !"!=La 5ancia gra a 9r"n! ,6r la acci n "lair"! "l ag a ; la 0ac5"ria ! 9"n 3"n6 c63,l"/6 "

" c63,6 ici n lla3a 6 " ranci "# 6 "nrancia3i"n56.

Oc rr"n r"acci6n" " ?i r li i l"n5a ! ca5ali#a a ,6r"n#i3a ! 7 " an l gar a la 96r3aci n "al "?8 6 ; c"56na . El 6@8g"n6 "lair" a5aca a l6 60l" "nlac" ;! "n n,r6c" 6 ,r6gr" i 6! 5"r3ina,6r r63,"r la ca "na " car06n6 ,r6 ci"n 6 c63, " 56 " 3al 6l6r. En la 3an5"ca! " 5a al5"raci n

Pgina20
http://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/separacion-mezclas/separacion-mezclas.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/separacion-mezclas/separacion-mezclas.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/romano-limitaciones/romano-limitaciones.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/romano-limitaciones/romano-limitaciones.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/aire/aire.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/aire/aire.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/problemadelagua/problemadelagua.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/bacterias/bacterias.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/bacterias/bacterias.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos5/enzimo/enzimo.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/aire/aire.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/administ-procesos/administ-procesos.shtml#PROCEhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos11/teosis/teosis.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos16/romano-limitaciones/romano-limitaciones.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/aire/aire.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/problemadelagua/problemadelagua.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/bacterias/bacterias.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos5/enzimo/enzimo.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos/aire/aire.shtmlhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos14/administ-procesos/administ-procesos.shtml#PROCEhttp://www.monografias.com/trabajos15/separacion-mezclas/separacion-mezclas.shtml


21/22

,r6 6ca la a,arici n "l ci 6 0 58ric6 6 0 5an6ic6! ca an5" "l a06r ; "l 6l6r 7 " 563a " 5a5ancia c an 6 " al5"ra.

. C6 ( "# $( n n "@c" 6 " i6n" 6 i6 "n "l ag a , " " ,r6 6car "l ,r"ci,i5a 6 " /a06n" "0i 6 a n"9"c56 7 83ic6 lla3a 6 i6n c63Bn! a n7 " la "n5a/a " 7 " " r" "r i0l".

L6 i "al " ar ag a l6 3 0lan a ,6 i0l".

VIII. BIBLIOGRAFA

Car";! Franci A. TQ 83ica Org nica "rc"ra " ici n. Pag H '! Mc GraW )ill! Ma ri


22/22

Pgina22

68832612 Elaboracion de Jabon Organica II

Documents

Transcript of 68832612 Elaboracion de Jabon Organica II