2. Frameworks - Alineación IT con el negocio.pdf

Dominios y Frameworks

Javier MayorgaIntroducción arquitecturas empresariales

Indice

• Frameworks

• Alineación estratégica

• Mapas estratégicos

Estadísticas

None

4%Organization own

22%

Other

7%

PERA (Purdue

Enterprise Reference

Architecture) Framework

4%

CIMOSA (Computer

Integrated Manufacturing

Open Systems

Architecture) framework

7%

C4ISR, US Defense

Architecture Framework

7%

TOGAF, the Open Group


7%

FEAF, US Federal

Enterprise Architecture

Framework

4%

Zachman Framework

19%

IAF, Cap Gemini Ernst &

Young's - Integrated


7%

ISO/IEC 14252 (IEEE

Std 1003.0) Guide to the

POSIX Open System

Environment

4%

TAFIM, US Defense

Technical Architecture

Framework for

Information Management

4%

TEAF, US Treasury


Framework.

4%

All Others except the Financial & Insurance Industry

Source: EA Survey 2003, © Copyright: IFEAD

Estadísticas


Zachman

Framework

17%

Organization own

83%

Financial & Insurance Industry


Estadísticas

Other

6%

CIMOSA (Computer

Integrated Manufacturing

Open Systems

Architecture) framework

6%

Organization own

32%

C4ISR, US Defense


6%

TOGAF, the Open Group


9%

FEAF, US Federal


Framework

6%

Zachman Framework

18%

IAF, Cap Gemini Ernst &

Young's - Integrated


7%

ISO/IEC 14252 (IEEE

Std 1003.0) Guide to the

POSIX Open System

Environment

3%

TEAF, US Treasury


Framework.

4%

PERA (Purdue

Enterprise Reference

Architecture) Framework

3%

All Industries / Governments

Estadísticas

Evolución

influenced

ISO/IEC

14252

influenced

influenced

influenced

influencedinfluenced

influenced

influencedinfluenced

influenced

influenced

supported by

supported by

Supported by

adopted by

references

references

references

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

influenced

influenced

influenced

influenced

Zachman

1987

EAP

1992

TISAF

1997

FEAF

1999

IAF v1

1996

IAF v3 EE

2001

TAFIM

JTA

DoD TRMC4ISR

1999

TOGAF

1995

TOGAF

2002

DoD AF

2003

FEAF

2003

E2AF

2003

UVA Model

1994

Zachman

2003

XAF

2003

TEAF

2000

PERA

CIMOSA

SAGA

Evolución

Calificación

• Hace muy poco trabajo en esta área

• Hace poco trabajo en esta área

• Hace un trabajo aceptable en esta área

• Hace un muy buen trabajo en esta área

Calificación

Zachman

Características

• Framework posicionado

• Entregables categorizados

• Historia de uso en manufactura

• Alta aceptación

• Perspectiva holística limitada

• Herramienta de planeación

Integrated Architecture Framework

ViewPointsViewPoints

Security / GovernanceSecurity / GovernanceSecurity / GovernanceArchitecture Architecture

BusinessBusinessBusiness InformationInformationInformation Information-

Systems

InformationInformation--

SystemsSystemsTechnology-

Infrastructure

TechnologyTechnology--

InfrastructureInfrastructure

Contextual Level

Vision / Strategy

Business / Technology

Drivers

Scope

What?What?What?

Conceptual Level

Goals & Objectives

Requirements

How?How?How?

Logical Level

Logical Representation

With what?With what?With what?

Physical Level

Solution Representation

When?When?When?

Transformational Level

Organisational Impact

Why?Why?Why?

Abstraction Levels Abstraction Levels Abstraction Levels

Aspect Areas Aspect Areas Aspect Areas

• TI Portfolio

• Business - Technology Enablers

Technology Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Node = Major Business Location

• Technology Infrastructure policy

• Responsibility of TI

• Locations in which the Business Operates

• Guiding Principles

• Integration Policy

Systems Goals, Drivers and Concepts

• Application portfolio

• System Development policy

• Responsibility of IS


End = To-Be Information-System Situation

• Business - Technology Enablers

Activities = Critical / Overhead

Activities the Business Performs

Activities = Generic or Specific

• Activities in Scope

• Dependencies of others

• Confidentiality of Information

• Information Policy

• Responsibilities & Competencies

End = Information Situation

• Business Drivers

• Scope of the Change

• Business Goals & Objectives, KPI’s

Business Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Business Situation

• Environmental Dynamics, e.g. Laws

Viewpoints = Competition, Value Net, etc.

• Corporate Strategic Plans


Node = Business System Environment

• Functional Requirements

Link = Business System Connection

Characteristics = Time, Availability, Security,

Maintainability, etc.

• As-Is Infrastructure

Level of Inter-Connection

• Quality of Services

• Non-Functional Requirements

• TI Principles

Structure = Interfaces



Level of Interoperability

• As-Is Information Systems Environment



• Information-Systems Behaviour


• Abstraction & Precision of Data

Domains = Functional Areas


• Information Characteristics

End = Information Resources

I/O = Business Resources


Policy = Business Purpose

Level of Information Interaction


• Information Relations

• Project Goals & Objectives

• Business Relationships

End = Business Purpose

• Business Requirements

Level of Business Collaboration

Characteristics = Time, Flexibility, Availability,

Security, Maintainability, etc.


• Budget of Change

• Stakeholders / Win-Win Conditions

Interaction = Concepts of Layering

• Technology Standards

Positioning = Allocation of Services

• Infrastructure Profile

Type of Inter-Connection

• Communication Profile

• Security Profile

• Governance Profile

• Hardware Systems Profile

End = PIM

• Shared & Pluggable Services

Entities = Classes, Attributes &

Associations

Type of Interoperability

• MDA Platform-Independent Modelling (PIM)

• Business functionality and behavior

• Many Middleware Technologies

Standards = MDA Development

Standards

• Information Resources

• Information Processes

Viewpoint = Human Perspective

• Information Objects & Relations

Type of Information Interaction

• Information Interaction

• Information Flow Characteristics

End = Information Behaviour

• Information Locations

• Value Net Position

• Business Commitment

• Business Area Structure

Viewpoint = Business Perspective

End = Business Behaviour

• Organisation Structure

Type of Business Collaboration

• Role Players / Actors

• Business Rules

• Business Culture

Connectivity = Middleware /

Messaging, etc.

• Technology Overview

Node = Hardware + System

Software, etc.

End = Structure of Relations,

Products + Specifications

Solutions of Inter-Connection

• Solutions & Products for Inter-Connection

• Formats of Communication

• Security Integration

Quality = Component Characteristics

Viewpoints = Characteristics of a View

Structure = Spectrum of Styles

Solutions for Interoperability

• MDA Platform-Specific Modelling (PSM)

• Map PSM to application interfaces, code, GUI

descriptors, SQL queries, etc.

End = PSM

• Type of Triggers / Events

Relation = Information Flow

• Grouping of Information Objects

• Type of Information Exchange

•Formal / Informal

• Grouping of Information Resources

Solutions of Information Interaction

End = Information Outcome

• Grouping of Information

Types

Priority = Dependency of Information

• Business Functions structure and relations

• Business Knowledge

Solutions of Business Collaboration

End = Business Outcome

• Business Objects

• Business Benefits

• Technology Possibilities

• Business Tasks / Activities

• Business Resources

Portfolio of Products and Components.

End = Roadmap for implementation

Catalogues of used Standards

Timeframe of Change

• Transformation Plan

• Priority Setting

• Business Case

• IS Alignment Impact

e.g. Blue Print of Technology Implementation

End = Roadmap for realization

e.g. Design of Application & Components

Priority = Dependencies

• Make or Buy Decision

• Implementation Roadmap

Timeframe of Change

• Business Case

• Governance Plan

• Security Impact

• Tools for Development / Implementation

End = Activities to be supported by ICT

e.g. Information Roadmap

Selection = Set of ICT Supported Objects

Interface = Type of Information Exchange

Impact of Change

• Business Case

• Security Plan

• Information Systems Roadmap

• Budget Plan

e.g. Business Process Redesign or Outsourcing

Granularity of Change

End = Business Transformation

• Transformation Roadmap

• Business Case

• Priority Plan

• Governance Plan

Características


• Historia en planeación empresarial

• Separación de conceptos

• Aspectos categorizados

• Aceptación limitada

• Propietario

• Perspectiva holística

• Herramienta de comunicación

NATO Architecture Framework /

C4ISR / DoDAF

Business

Organization Model

Systems

Conceptual Model

Software

Component Model

Information Flow

Diagram

System Physical

Model

Implementation

Model

Node

Connectivity Model

Systems

Logical Model

Integration Model

Business

Organization Model

Systems

Conceptual Model

Software

Component Model

Information Flow

Diagram

System Physical

Model

Implementation

Model

Node

Connectivity Model

Systems

Logical Model

Integration Model

Business

Organization Model

Systems

Conceptual Model

Software

Component Model

Information Flow

Diagram

System Physical

Model

Implementation

Model

Node

Connectivity Model

Systems

Logical Model

Integration Model

Características


• Historia en defensa

• Alta aceptación en defensa

• Neutral


• Herramienta de planeación y proceso

Extended Enterprise Architecture

Framework (IFEAD)

Portfolio of Products and Components.

End = Roadmap for Enterprise Implementation

Catalogues of used Standards

Timeframe of Change

• Enterprise Transformation Plan

• Enterprise Priority Setting

• Business Case

• Enterprise IS Alignment Impact

e.g. Blue Print of Technology Implementation

Interaction = Concepts of Service Layering

• Enterprise Technology Standards

Positioning = Allocation of IT Services ~ TRM

• Enterprise Infrastructure Profile

Type of Inter-Connection

• Enterprise Communication Profile

• Enterprise Security Profile

• Enterprise Governance Profile

• Enterprise Hardware Systems Profile

Node = Enterprise Business System Environm.


Link = Enterprise Business System Connection



• As-Is Enterprise Infrastructure

Level of Inter-Connection



• TI Principles

• Enterprise Inter-Connection portfolio

• Enterprise Inter-Connection Quality

of Services (e.g. Security)

Extended Enterprise Inter-Connection

End = To-Be Inter-Connection Definitions

• Enterprise Inter-Connection Governance

• Enterprise Inter-Connection Standards

• Enterprise Inter-Connection Principles

• Enterprise TI Portfolio

• Enterprise Business - Technology Enablers

Technology Goals, Drivers and Concepts

Node = Major Enterprise Business Location

• Enterprise Technology Infrastructure policy

• Enterprise Responsibility of TI

• Locations in which the Business Operates

• Enterprise Guiding Principles

Technology -

Infrastructure

End = Roadmap for realization

e.g. Design of Application & Components

Priority = Dependencies

• Make or Buy Decision

• Implementation Roadmap

Timeframe of Change

• Business Case

• Governance Plan

• Security Impact

• Tools for Development / Implementation

Quality = Solution Interface Characteristics

Viewpoints = Selection of a Product Solutions

Structure = Spectrum of Styles & Solutions sets

Solutions for Interoperability

• Product-Specific Reference Solution (PSRS)

• Map PSRM to Product Solutions and

options, etc.

End = PSRS

• Enterprise Interoperability Governance

Extended Enterprise Interoperability

• Enterprise Interface portfolio

• Enterprise Interoperability Standards

• Enterprise Collaboration Principles

End = To-Be Interoperability Definitions

• Enterprise Interoperability Quality of

Services (e.g. Security)

• Enterprise Interoperability Policy

Systems Goals, Drivers and Concepts

• Enterprise Application portfolio

• System Development policy

• Enterprise Responsibility of IS

• Enterprise Guiding Principles

End = As-Is / To-Be Information-System

landscape

• Business - Technology EnablersInformation –

Systems

End = Activities to be supported by ICT

e.g. Information Roadmap

Selection = Set of ICT Supported Objects

Interface = Type of Information Exchange

Impact of Change

• Business Case

• Security Plan

• Information Systems Roadmap

• Type of Triggers / Events

Relation = Information Flow

• Grouping of Information Objects

• Type of Information Exchange

•Formal / Informal

• Grouping of Information Resources

Solutions of Information Interaction

End = Information Solutions Sets

• Grouping of

Information Types

Priority = Dependency of InformationDomains = Functional Areas


• Information Characteristics

End = Information Resources

I/O = Business Resources


Policy = Business Purpose

Level of Information Interaction


• Information Relations

Activities = Critical / Overhead

Activities the Business Performs

Activities = Generic or Specific

• Internal / External Activities in Scope

• Internal / External Dependencies

• Ownership of Information

• Enterprise Information Policy

• Responsibilities & Competencies

End = Information Situation

Information

Business

What?

Conceptual Level

Goals & Objectives

Requirements

What?

Conceptual Level

Goals & Objectives

Requirements

How?

Logical Level


How?

Logical Level


With what?

Physical Level

Solution

Representation

With what?

Physical Level

Solution

Representation

When?


Enterprise Impact

When?


Enterprise Impact

Contextual Level

Vision / Strategy


Drivers

Scope

Why?

Contextual Level

Vision / Strategy


Drivers

Scope

Why?

• Extended Business Drivers

• Scope of Collaboration







• Extended Guiding Principles

• Extended Business Drivers

• Scope of Collaboration







• Extended Guiding Principles

Structure = Interfaces

Characteristics = Time, Availability,

Security, Maintainability, etc.

Level of Interoperability

• As-Is Information Systems Environment



• Information-Systems Behaviour


• Abstraction & Precision of Data

• Program Goals & Objectives

• Business Relationships

End = Business Purpose

• Business Requirements

Level of Business Collaboration

Characteristics = Time, Flexibility,

Availability, Security, Maintainability, etc.


• Budget of Change

• Stakeholders / Win-Win Conditions

End = PIRS

• Shared & Pluggable IS Services / Solution sets

Type of Interoperability

• Product-Independent Reference Solution

(PIRS)

• Choice of Middleware Technologies

Standards = IS Interoperability Standards

• Information Resources

• Information Tasks / Activities

Viewpoint = Interaction Perspective

• Information Objects & Relations

Type of Information Interaction

• Information Interaction

• Information Flow Characteristics

End = Information Behaviour

• Information Locations

• Value Net Position

• Business Commitment

• Business Area Structure

Viewpoint = Business Perspective

End = Business Behaviour

• Organisation Structure

Type of Business Collaboration

• Role Players / Actors

• Business Rules

• Business Culture

Connectivity = Middleware / Messaging, etc.

• Technology Overview

Node = Hardware + System Software, etc.

End = Structure of Relations, Products +

Specifications

Solutions of Inter-Connection

• Solutions & Products for Inter-Connection

• Formats of Communication

• Security Integration

• Business Functions structure and relations

• Business Knowledge

Solutions of Business Collaboration

End = Business Outcome / Business Solutions

• Business Objects

• Business Benefits

• Technology Possibilities

• Business Tasks / Activities

• Business Resources• Enterprise Budget Plan

e.g. Business Process Redesign or Outsourcing

Granularity of Change

End = Enterprise Business Transformation

• Enterprise Transformation Roadmap

• Enterprise Business Case

• Enterprise Priority Plan

• Enterprise Governance Plan

Environmental Level

Value Net Relations

Cooperating /

Collaborating Elements

With Who?

Environmental Level

Value Net Relations

Cooperating /

Collaborating Elements

With Who?

Information = Critical / Overhead

Extended Enterprise Information Exchange

Information = Generic or Specific

• Activities out of Scope

• Extended Dependencies

• Parties Information Confidentiality

• Extended Information Exchange Services

• Extended Information Ownership

End = Ext. Enterprise Information Exchange

Information = Critical / Overhead

Extended Enterprise Information Exchange

Information = Generic or Specific

• Activities out of Scope

• Extended Dependencies

• Parties Information Confidentiality

• Extended Information Exchange Services

• Extended Information Ownership

End = Ext. Enterprise Information Exchange

Abstraction Levels

Aspect Areas

• Interface Definitions & Standards

• Interface Solutions

• Implementation of Quality of Services

• Official & De-facto IS Standards

• Refinement Technical Reference Model

• Refinement Technical Reference Model

• Technical Reference Model & Standards

• IS Functions & behaviour

• Collaboration Contracts, Service Levels

• Scope of the Collaborative value

• Collaborative Business Goals & Objectives

Extended Enterprise Value Net

• Law & Regulations

Viewpoint = Collaborative Value, etc.

• Collaborative Value Parties

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Collaborative

Environment

• Collaboration Contracts, Service Levels

• Scope of the Collaborative value

• Collaborative Business Goals & Objectives

Extended Enterprise Value Net

• Law & Regulations

Viewpoint = Collaborative Value, etc.

• Collaborative Value Parties

Ends/Means = As-Is / To-Be Collaborative

Environment

Características


• Historia en frameworks empresariales

• Enfocado en la colaboración


• Neutral

• Abierto

• Perspectiva holística completa

• Herramienta de comunicación

Computer Integrated Manufacturing

Open Systems Architecture (CIMOSA)

CIMOSA

Enterprise

Activity Structure

•Information

•Constraints

•Rules

•Organisation

Enterprise

System

Requirements

CM-OSA Reference

Architecture

Generic Building Blocks

Partial Models

Function Information resource Organisation

Requirements

•Function

•Material

•Resource

User

Input

Enterprise

System

Constraints

Component

Catalogue


Design


Implementation

System

Components

Enterprise

Activity Structure

•Information

•Constraints

•Rules

•Organisation

Enterprise

System

Requirements

CM-OSA Reference

Architecture

Generic Building Blocks

Partial Models


Requirements

•Function

•Material

•Resource

User

Input

Enterprise

System

Constraints

Component

Catalogue


Design


Implementation

System

Components

Características

• Framework de procesos

• Historia en manufactura

• Enfocado en vistas

• Aceptación limitada

• Iniciativa europea

• Perspectva holística limitada

• Herramienta de planeación de procesos

US - Federal Enterprise

Architecture Framework (FEAF)

Business Reference Model (BRM)• Lines of Business• Agencies, Customers, Partners

Service Component Reference Model (SRM)• Service Domains, Service Types, Components• Access, Delivery Channels

Technical Reference Model (TRM)

• Technologies, Standards, Specifications• Component Framework

Data Reference Model (DRM)• Business-focused data standardization • Cross-Agency Information Exchanges

Bu

sin

ess &

Pe

rform

an

ce-D

rive

n A

pp

roa

ch

Performance Reference Model (PRM)

• Government-wide Performance Measures & Outcomes• Line of Business-Specific Performance Measures & Outcomes

Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA)

Co

mp

on

en

t-Ba

se

d A

rch

itectu

re

Características

• Framework de referencia para arquitecturas empresariales

• Historia en planeación de arquitectura empresarial

• Estándar del gobierno

• Alta aceptación en el gobierno de USA


• Herramienta de planeación y comunicación

US - Treasury Enterprise

Architecture Framework (TEAF)Functional

Information

Organisational

InfrastructureEnabler

Who and Why

What, How Much, and

How Frequently

How, Where, and When

Características


• Historia en FEAF

• Estándar del dpto tesoro nacional de USA

• Alta aceptación por el dpto tesoro nacional de USA


• Herramienta de planeación y comunicación

Características

• Metodología de desarrollo de una arquitectura empresarial

• Historia de defensa

• Estándar abierto

• Neutral



• Herramienta de planeación y procesos

Índice

• Frameworks



Problemas

• ¿Cuál es la visión de la empresa?

• ¿Cuál es la misión de la empresa?

• ¿Se tiene un plan estratégico corporativo?

• ¿La tecnología se considera estratégica en la empresa?

• ¿Se cuenta con un plan estratégico de tecnología?

• ¿Se tiene una definición de la arquitectura de información?

……

Problemas

• ¿La tecnología soporta las necesidades de la empresa?

• ¿Las personas ven a la tecnología como un habilitador para el negocio?

• ¿Esta la tecnología alineada con las necesidades del negocio?

• ¿Cómo se determina si la tecnología se encuentra alineada con el negocio?

Enfoque estratégico

Objetivo estratégico

Enfoque común

Estrategia

Tecnología

Estrategia del negocio

Estrategia de IT

Infraestructura de IT

Planeación táctica de IT

Habilitar IT

Integración IT

Administración de IT

Gap

Problemas

• Para alinear IT con el negocio se debe

entender hacia donde va el negocio

• Que se va a hacer para llegar a donde el

negocio quiere

Enfoque optimizado

Soporte

Alineación

Tecnologías

emergentes

Seguridad/

Confidencialidad

Continuidad

del negocio

Calidad de

los datos

Gobierno

Rendimiento/

Medición

Gestión del

negocio

Entrega

Del servicio

Sistemas core

empresariales

Competencias y

Habilidades

en tecnología

Mercadeo Presupuesto

Organización

habilidades

Sourcing/

Contratos

Enfoque estratégicoEntender

estrategia del

negocio

Identificar la

visión de IT

Determinar los

objetivos

estratégicos

Analizar el

portafolio de los

objetivos de IT

Preparar el

plan estratégico

Objetivos

del negocio

Objetivos

de ITPlan estratégico

del negocio

Visión de IT

Iniciativas

estratégicas de IT

Portafolio de

actividades

de IT

Plan estratégico

de IT

Que clase de organización se quiere ser en 3 – 5 años

Cuales son las principales iniciativas para llevar a la visión de IT

Cuál es el futuro de la compañía?

Cómo puede IT ayudar a

lograr estos objetivos?Qué es lo que se quiere hacer?

Retorno de la inversión

Riesgos

Recursos

Internos

Externos

Prioridades

Road Map Presupuesto


Objetivo estratégico Objetivo IT

Preguntas

• ¿La tecnología soporta las necesidades de la empresa?

• ¿Las personas ven a la tecnología como un habilitador para el negocio?

• ¿Esta la tecnología alineada con las necesidades del negocio?

• ¿Cómo se determina si la tecnología se encuentra alineada con el negocio?


Objetivo IT Iniciativas TI

Índice

• Frameworks



Mapas estratégicos

• Permiten mostrar una alineación formal entre los

objetivos de TI con los objetivos del negocio

• Permiten medir el impacto en los resultados de

TI en los resultados del negocio

• Permite determinar el valor de los activos

intangibles ( Organización, gente e información)

Perspectivas

• Financiera

• Cliente

• Interna

• Aprendizaje y crecimiento

Mapa estratégicoPerspectiva

financiera

Perspectiva

del cliente

Perspectiva

Interna

Perspectiva

De aprendizaje

y crecimiento

Estrategia de

productividad

Estrategia de

Crecimiento de utilidades

Mejorar la

estructura de costos

Aumentar la

utilización de los activos

Expandir las

oportunidades de utilidad

Enfocar el valor

a los clientes

Precio Calidad Disponibilidad Selección Funcionalidad Servicio MarcaAlianzas

Atributos Producto / servicio Relaciones Imagen

Proceso de

administración

de la operación

Proceso de

administración

de los clientes

Proceso de

Innovación

Proceso

regulatorio y

sociales

TI

Aplicaciones

transaccionales

Aplicaciones

analíticas

Infraestructura

tecnológica

Talento humano

Portafolio

estratégico de IT

Mapa estratégicoPerspectiva

financiera

Perspectiva

del cliente

Perspectiva

Interna

Perspectiva

De aprendizaje

y crecimiento

Estrategia de

……

Estrategia de

……

Precio Calidad Disponibilidad Selección Funcionalidad Servicio MarcaAlianzas

Atributos Producto / servicio Relaciones Imagen

Proceso de

….

Proceso de

….

Proceso de

….

Proceso de

…

TI

Talento humano

Portafolio

estratégico de IT

AE, estrategia y TI

• La arquitectura empresarial es la cohesión entre la táctica y la estrategia

• La arquitectura empresarial asegura que las iniciativas de TI son coherentes entre ellas

• La alineación de TI con el negocio asegura que la arquitectura se enfocará los elementos que más valor le generan a la empresa

AE, estrategia y TI

• La alineación estratégica enfoca los esfuerzos de TI y del equipo de arquitectura empresarial

• La alineación de TI con el negocio facilita determinar el alcance de la arquitectura empresarial:– Alcance empresarial

– Dominios de arquitectura a considerar

– Nivel de detalle que se requiere

– Horizonte de tiempo

Referencias

• Javier Mayorga.

[email protected]

Referencias

Togaf V9

mailto:[email protected]

2. Frameworks - Alineación IT con el negocio.pdf

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