1 Mis Imp Concepts

8/2/2019 1 Mis Imp Concepts

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Management: What is management?

Information: What is information?

Systems: What are systems? Information Systems: What are

Information Systems?

Management Information Systems: Whatare They?

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MIS as an evolving concept

Levels of management

What do information systems do? MIS and Organizational Fit

MIS as a Discipline

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A. Management: What ismanagement?

Planning Organizing

Leading

Controlling

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1. Planning

Goal setting

Environmental scanning Forecasting

Data collection

Communicating

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2. Organizing

Staffing

Coordinating Delegating

Understanding

Procedures/ Policies

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3. Leading

Authority

Motivating Directing: Delegation of responsibilities

activating

Supervising

Negotiation Persuading

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4. Controlling: Resources- Money

(capital), manpower (people),

materials, machines, movement

(Distribution, flow), and Information

Measuring

Evaluating

Reporting corrective action

feed back

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5. Communicating: Goals/Objectives,

standards of desirability

Informing

Persuading(Influence)

Negotiation

Corrective action

Listening

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B. Information: What is information?

1. Data (raw material)

Alpha-numeric Symbolic

Stored facts

inactive (they exist)

technology based

gathered from various places

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2. Processed data

meaningful

perceived value

motivating action

HAS SURPRISE VALUE

HAS NEWS VALUE

Presented facts active (it enables doing)

business based (Domain based)

transformed form data

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3. Model

entity

attribute

relationship

4. Reduces Uncertainty

5. Reduces Equivocality (ambiguity)

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6. A definition: Information is data that hasbeen processed into a form that ismeaningful to the recipient (USER) and is of

real or perceived value in current orprospective actions or decisions.

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SYSTEM INTERDEPENDENCE

BUSINESS

Strategy

Rules

Procedures

ORGANIZATION INFORMATION SYSTEM

INTERDEPENDENCE

SOFTWARE

HARDWARE

DATABASE

TELE-COMMUNICATIONS

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Information Systems What are Information Systems?

1. Information (another definition): an increment in

knowledge.Information relies

on the context of the question

general knowledge of the recipient.

2. Informal information: interpersonal networking

Note: Informal information and other information maynot lend itself to computerization, yet!

3. Formal information: Organized information witha specific purpose following rules and procedures(highly structured)

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Zwass, f1.2, p14

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Information Processing Systems:

1. An information system in many respects is

a closed system, it is simply the code. 2. An information processing function

frequently needs data collected andprocessed in a prior period.

3. The data/information storage is added.

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System: What is system


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Management Systems

1. Primary function(s) mediate between the

organization and the immediate taskenvironment.

customers

suppliers

processes

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2. What do managers do?

assume responsibility

must balance competing goals

be a conceptual thinker

work with and through other people

be a mediator

must be a politician must be a diplomat

makes difficult decisions

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3. Management is the work involved incombining and directing the use ofresources to achieve

particular purposes

Leading

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4. What distinguishes mgmt from otherwork is that it focuses on maintaining theorganization so that it can accomplish itstask

POSDCORB Planning

Organizing

Staffing

Directing Coordinating

Reporting

Budgeting

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H. Management Information Systems

What are They?

1. Definition: A Management Informationsystem is:

an integrated user-machine system

for providing information

to support the operations, management With the help of analysis, and decision making

functions

in an organization

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The system utilizes : Computer hardware & software

Manual procedures Models of analysis, planning, control, and

Database.

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Explanation :

Computer based means that the designers of a

MIS must have knowledge of computers and oftheir use in information processing.

The USER-MACHINE means that the systemsdesigner should understand the capabilities of

human as system components (as informationprocessors) and the behavior of humans as usersof information.

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Integration: A plan should eliminate:redundancy, incompatible hardware & software.Achieved through standards and guidelines andprocedures.

Data Base: A order system for storing, retrievingand selecting information.

Models: A mathematical representation of anactual system, containing independent variables

that influence the value of a dependent variable(text book). Models may be thought of ascontaining only the essential of the real system.Rapid Application Design, Joint Application Design

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I. MIS as an evolving concept 1. MIS: Many companies are now using their

computers to provide information for decision making;that is, they are using a management informationsystem.

2. MIS can provide managers with information in a

usable from.

A MIS is a formal Info network using computers toprovide management information for decisionmaking

The goal of MIS is to provide the correct informationto the appropriate manager at the right, in a useful

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3. Successful MIS must provide info that can beapplied:

MIS should know who the users are

MIS should provide the information the user needs

MIS should provide the information in the format theuser can understand.

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NEW OPTIONS FOR

ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN FLATTENING ORGANIZATIONS

SEPARATING WORK FROM LOCATION

INCREASING FLEXIBILITY REFINING ORGANIZATIONAL

BOUNDARIES

ELECTRONIC COMMERCE REORGANIZING WORK FLOWS

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Levels of management: In order tounderstand who the users of an MIS are

and what information they need, onemust first understand the levels ofmanagement and the types of decisionsare made at each level.

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KINDS OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

SALES & MANUFACTURING FINANCE ACCOUNTING HUMAN

KIND OF SYSTEM GROUPS SERVED

STRATEGIC LEVEL SENIOR MANAGERS

MANAGEMENT LEVEL MIDDLE MANAGERS

OPERATIONAL OPERATIONALLEVEL MANAGERS

KNOWLEDGE LEVEL KNOWLEDGE &DATA WORKERS

RESOURCESMARKETING & ENGINEERING


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1. Lower level management makes decisionsthat affect day to day operations.

Programmed decisions that are

predetermined by rules and procedures. Theylead to a desired result.

The information needs of lower-level mgrs. canbe met by administrative data processing

activities.

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2. Middle-level mgrs. plan working capital,schedule production, formulate budgets,and make short-term forecasts.

Mid-level managers make tactical decisionsthat usually involve time periods of up to twoyears.

Many Mid-level mgmt decisions are non-programmed decisions. No specific

predetermined steps cab be followed to eachsolution.

The information needs of Mid-level mgrs. mustbe specific.

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3. Top-level mgrs. provide direction for thecompany by planning for the next five years+.

Top-level mgrs. make strategic decisions thatinvolve a great deal of uncertainty.

Top-level mgt. decisions are non-programmeddecisions.

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TPS, MRS,DSS,EIS,OIS(OAS),BES

1. Transaction Processing System: Operational dataprocessing

Examples: Manufacturing systems, order processing,

accounts receivable, payroll

2. Management Reporting Systems: Produce reportsfor specific time periods; designed for managersresponsible for specific functions in a firm.

Examples: Departmental expense reports, performancereports

Intra Department

Inter Department

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3. Decision Support Systems (DSS): Designed tosupport individual and collective decision making.Tailored to specific managerial task, useful forMgmt control level, Strategic planning level

managers.Elements :DB, Model,S/W

Econometric Models, Simulation Models

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DB

User I/F

Model

User


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4. Executive Information Systems (EIS/ESS): A specialkind of DSS. Support the work of senior executives (viathemselves or an analysts) with access to companydata and general information on the industry and

economy. Not only requirements but also personality,style of functioning

5. Office Information Systems (OIS/OAS): Support and

coordinate knowledge work in an office environmentby handling documents and messages in a variety offorms- text, image, voice, multimedia, video, fax, etc

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6. Business Expert system :Artificial Intelligence

(Machine as Human)Ex: Medical,

Engineering,BusinessAdv: 1. Many Experts

2. Emotionally Independent

3. Multiple Hypothesis

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421.10

INPUT OUTPUTPROCESS

FEEDBACK

INFORMATION SYSTEM

ORGANIZATION

ENVIRONMENT

Customers Suppliers

Regulatory Stockholders Competitors

Agencies


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Structure of a Virtual Organizations


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Structure of a Virtual Organizations -

Network Organization

Virtual Organization

Customers

Core FirmManagementMktg & SalesRes. & Dev.

Info.Systems

Manu-facturing

Manu-facturing

Manu-facturing

After-SaleService

Logistics

Firms Acting asCorporate Partners

MIS as a Discipline


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MIS as a Discipline


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LEVELS OF BEHAVIORAL STUDY IN MIS


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VIRTUAL ORGANIZATION

1.16

CORE

COMPANY

LOGISTICS

COMPANY

DESIGN

COMPANY

MANUFACTURING

COMPANY

FINANCE COMPANY

SALES & MARKETING

COMPANY


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CHALLENGE OF INFO SYSTEMS

STRATEGIC: COMPETITIVE & EFFECTIVE

GLOBALIZATION: MULTINATIONAL INFO

INFO ARCHITECTURE: SUPPORT GOALS INVESTMENT: VALUE OF INFORMATION

RESPONSIBILITY & CONTROL: ETHICS

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1 Mis Imp Concepts

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