1 Jeremy Wingate Biochar Presentation

8/9/2019 1 Jeremy Wingate Biochar Presentation

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Dr. Jeremy WingateCopyright Forest Research and University of Surrey 2008

Potential of non-activated

charcoals for

land remediation

9th

September 2008

Dr. Jeremy R. Wingate

Jeremy R. Wingate*, Helen Sneath, Tony Hutchings and Frans de Leij.

*[email protected]


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Use of charcoal in soi l What is known?

Improved water holding

capacity

Reduced leaching ofnutrients

Research has demonstrated the following benefits of biochar

amendments to soils:

Increased soil pH

Increased soil microbialrespiration

All lead to increased soil quality and plant growth


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Use of charcoal in soi l What is new?

By manipulation of beneficial characteristics biochar can be

used as a remediation amendment for: -

Metal sorption

Organic sorption

Introduction of beneficial bacteria


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Sorption of metals by charcoals


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Charcoals for metal sorption

Charcoals produced from different source materialsdiffer tremendously in sorption capacity

Source Material


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Highly sorbent charcoals can bind a range of metal ions


Metal Type


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Metal sorption is by cation exchange and surface precipitation


Cation Exchange Capacity (cmol+ kg-1) EDX Surface Mapping


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Metal concentration MAC[mg kg-1] [mg kg-1]

Arsenic 34470 12Copper 1641 63 - 91Cadmium 813 1 - 22Lead 189 70 - 600Chromium 34 64 - 87

Application: Reduction of eco-toxicity in m ine spoil


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Sunflower growth

is increased Symptoms of toxicityare reduced


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Charcoal reducing metal availability and increases colony

forming soil microbe counts

Effects on metal Leaching Effects on microbialcommunity

Charcoal Amendment (Percentage Weight) Charcoal Amendment (Percentage Weight)


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Bacterial colonisation of charcoal


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Problems w ith soil inoculation

Can be expensive

Effects can be temporary

May not be effective at all


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Charcoal provides a huge surface area for bacterial colonisation


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Charcoals continuous structure allows for huge bacterialcolonisation irrespective of particle size

Effect of particle size on bacterial colonisation

Charcoal Particle Size


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Charcoals hygroscopic properties protect bacteria fromdesiccation allowing extended survival rates

Bacterial surv ival in charcoal @ 20oC and 60% RH


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Colonised charcoal for

degradation of organic contaminants


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Soaked in specific vitamin and mineral solution

Impregnated with diesel

Seeded with natural bacterial communitiesIncubated to encourage diesel degraders

Coarse sand spiked with 10000 ppm diesel (1%)

Charcoal bioreactors added at 5% v/v

Application: Degradation of diesel in arti ficial sandsystems

Manufacture

Experimental Design


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Degradation of Diesel

Diesel degradation rates are increased 5 fold


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Release of bacteria from charcoal with differentsizes over timeRelease of bacteria from charcoal

Bacteria are readily released from inoculated charcoal

Smaller particle sizes show increased release

Bacteria can colonise the surrounding soil

Soil texture effects bacterial movement from charcoal particles

If environment is suitable, colonisation of the w iderenvironment can take place

No need to rely on a perfectly distributed inoculum


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In Conclusion

Certain charcoals show huge sorption capacities to cationic metals

Metal contaminated spoil can be remediated leading to increasedmicrobial activity and plant growth

Certain charcoals can be colonised by > 109 cfu g-1

Colonising bacteria can be selected for specific applications

Degradation of diesel is increased by over 5x when using charcoal

bioreactors


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What next?

Two Patents filed

Currently running field trials using a DTi Technologygrant

Looking to secure charcoal supplies to specificrequirements

Setting up a spin-out company C-Cure Solutions Ltd.

Can now offer consultancy on applicability of soiladditive-remediation solutions


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This research was sponsored by the

Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC - UK)

Sustainable Urban Brown field Regeneration: Integrated Management consortium (SUBR:IM)

Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (BERR)

Acknowledgements

Tony Hutchings (Forest Research)

Dr Frans de Leij (Uni of Surrey)

Dr R. van Herwijnen (Forest Research) Helen Sneath (Uni of Surrey)

Nick Kirwan (Aspire Defence Ltd) Ryan Wilson (Uni of Sheffield)

Jessica Bastock (Uni of Sheffield) Maria Romero (Uni of Sheffield)

Contact Details Jeremy Wingate

Tony Hutchings (Forest Research)

Dr Frans de Leij (Uni of Surrey)

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

1 Jeremy Wingate Biochar Presentation

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