Propuesta de modelo de mantenimiento preventivo en centros ...

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MÁSTER UNIVERSITARIO EN EDIFICACIÓN TRABAJO DE FIN DE MÁSTER

PROPUESTA DE MODELO DE MANTENIMIENTO PREVENTIVO EN CENTROS ESCOLARES PÚBLICOS EN REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA

Estudiante: Sarah LOCKHART PASTOR

Directores: Vicenç GIBERT; Verónica ROYANO GARCIA

Convocatoria: Noviembre 2013

Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Resumen

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2 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Índice �

Resumen .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Introducción .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1. Marco General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1. Problemática ..................................................................................................................... 6 1.2. Descripción ....................................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Objetivos ........................................................................................................................... 7

1.3.1. General ...................................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2. Específicos ................................................................................................................. 7

1.4. Alcances ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.5. Justificación ...................................................................................................................... 8 2. Contexto . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.1. Introducción .................................................................................................................... 11 2.2. Datos Generales ............................................................................................................. 11

2.2.1. Ubicación Geográfica ............................................................................................... 11 2.2.2. Superficie ................................................................................................................. 12 2.2.3. Clima ........................................................................................................................ 14 2.2.4. Geología .................................................................................................................. 17 2.2.5. Datos Demográficos ................................................................................................ 19

3. Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203.1. Ministerio de Educación de la República Dominicana .................................................... 20

3.1.1.Dirección General de Mantenimiento de Infraestructura Escolar ............................. 20 3.2. Tipologías de Centros Educativos Públicos en República Dominicana ......................... 21

3.2.1. Nivel Inicial ............................................................................................................... 24 3.2.2. Nivel Básico ............................................................................................................. 24 3.2.3. Nivel Medio .............................................................................................................. 25

3.3. Usuarios ......................................................................................................................... 25 3.4. Estudio Técnico de las Plantas Físicas de Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana ............................................................................................................................ 26

3.4.1. Simplicidad Constructiva .......................................................................................... 27 3.4.2. Magnitud del Plantel Escolar ................................................................................... 27 3.4.3. Sectores o Zonas del Edificio .................................................................................. 27 3.4.4. Planimetría de Plantas Físicas Escolares ................................................................ 28 3.4.5. Volumen de la Muestra ............................................................................................ 28 3.4.6. Problemáticas y riesgos actuales en los Centros Escolares ................................... 32

4. Marco Teórico . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354.1. Introducción .................................................................................................................... 35 4.2. Amenazas, Vulnerabilidad y Riesgo ............................................................................... 35 4.3. Mantenimiento ................................................................................................................ 37

4.3.1. Concepto .................................................................................................................. 38 4.3.2. Tipos de Mantenimiento ........................................................................................... 38 4.3.3. Importancia del Mantenimiento ................................................................................ 39 4.3.4. Ventajas del Mantenimiento ..................................................................................... 40 4.3.5. Costos del Mantenimiento en Edificaciones ............................................................ 40 4.3.6. Fases de influencia del Mantenimiento .................................................................... 41 4.3.7. Importancia del Manual de Mantenimiento .............................................................. 41

4.4. Vida Útil .......................................................................................................................... 42 4.5. El mantenimiento y la Vida Útil ....................................................................................... 43

4 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

4.6. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones ................................................................................. 43 5. Marco Referencial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 445.1. Introducción .................................................................................................................... 44 5.2. Referentes Nacionales .................................................................................................... 44 5.3. Referentes Regionales e internacionales ....................................................................... 46 6. Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos enRepública Dominicana .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 6.1. Prefacio ........................................................................................................................... 48 6.2. Introducción .................................................................................................................... 48 6.3. Objetivos del Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo para Centro Escolares Públicos en la República Dominicana ....................................................................................................... 49

6.3.1. General ..................................................................................................................... 49 6.3.2. Específicos ............................................................................................................... 50

6.4. A quién va dirigido este documento? .............................................................................. 50 6.5. Glosario de Términos ...................................................................................................... 52 6.6. Introducción al Mantenimiento Preventivo de Centros Escolares Públicos .................... 54

6.6.1. Generalidades .......................................................................................................... 54 6.6.2. Características del Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares ...................... 55 6.6.3. Objetivos del Mantenimiento en Centros Escolares ................................................. 55 6.6.4. Importancia del Mantenimiento Preventivo .............................................................. 56 6.6.5. Cómo hace el Mantenimiento del Centro Educativo un lugar mejor? ...................... 56

6.7. El Edificio Escolar en República Dominicana ................................................................. 57 6.8. Planificación del Mantenimiento ..................................................................................... 59

6.8.1. Mantenimiento de los Centros Escolares Públicos .................................................. 59 6.9. Planificación del Mantenimiento en el Centro Escolar .................................................... 64

6.9.1. Organización de los Integrantes de la Comunidad Escolar ..................................... 64 6.9.2. Inventario .................................................................................................................. 68 6.9.3. Diagnóstico Preliminar e inspección ........................................................................ 68 6.9.4. El Programa de Mantenimiento ................................................................................ 69 6.9.5. Actividades de Conservación y Mantenimiento ........................................................ 69 6.9.6. Especificaciones para el Mantenimiento Recurrente de los Centros Educativos .... 79

6.10. Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en los Centros Escolares Públicos ................... 79 7. Aplicación del Modelo. Liceo José Dolores Vásquez Peña/Postrer Rio ... 82

7.1. Descripción .................................................................................................................. 82 7.2. Rehabilitación .............................................................................................................. 83 7.3. Aplicación de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo ................................................... 84 7.4. Resultados .................................................................................................................. 84

8. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones ........................................................................ 88

9. Bibliografía . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

Índice de Figuras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Índice de Anexos .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 Agradecimientos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 � �

99

Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Introducción

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6 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

1. Marco General

1.1. Problemática

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

7

1.2. Descripción

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1.3. Objetivos

1.3.1. General

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1.3.2. Específ icos

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8 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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• �B5@=N5F� AWHC8CG� G=GH9A5G� M� DFC798=A=9BHCG� 89� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� 89� D@5BH5G� :XG=75G�9G7C@5F9G��

• �9G5FFC@@5F� =BJ9BH5F=C� 89� F9EI=G=HCG� AXB=ACG� 9B� 9@� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� DF9J9BH=JC� 89�D@5BH5G�:XG=75G�89�@CG�79BHFCG�9G7C@5F9G�D[6@=7CG�89�@CG�B=J9@9G�=B=7=5@�6VG=7C�M�A98=C�5� :=B� 89� 5G9;IF5F� @CG� 9GD57=CG� 7CB� @5G� 7CB8=7=CB9G� ZDH=A5G� D5F5� @5� F95@=N57=ZB� 89@�DFC79GC� 9BG9Y5BN5�5DF9B8=N5>9� ;5F5BH=N5B8C� @5� 7CFF97H5� 9LD@CH57=ZB� 89� @5�98=:=757=ZB�:IB85A9BH58C�9B�@5G�BCFA5H=J5G�M�8=GDCG=7=CB9G�89�=BGH=HI7=CB9G�@C75@9G�5GX�7CAC�9B�9LD9F=9B7=5G�5>9B5G�5@�D5XG��

1.4. Alcances

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1.5. Justif icación

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

9

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2. Contexto

2.1. Introducción

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2.2. Datos Generales

2.2.1. Ubicación Geográfica

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2.2.2. Superf ic ie

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14 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

2.2.3. Cl ima

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Temperaturas

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Pluviometría

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18 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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19

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2.2.5. Datos Demográficos

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20 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

3. Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

3.1. Ministerio de Educación de la República Dominicana

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Centros Educativos Públicos República Dominicana PLANTAS FÍSICAS ESCOLARES

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3.2.1. Nivel Inic ial

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3.2.2. Nivel Básico

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

25

3.2.3. Nivel Medio

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3.3. Usuarios

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26 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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3.4. Estudio Técnico de las Plantas Físicas de Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Junta del Del Centro

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Sociedad de padres, madres y amigos de la escuela

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Docentes o Maestro

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Orientación y Psicología

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Coordinador Administrativo

Secretaria Docente

Personal de Apoyo

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

27

3.4.1. Simplic idad Constructiva

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3.4.2. Magnitud del Plantel Escolar

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3.4.3. Sectores o Zonas del Edif ic io

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28 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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3.4.4. Planimetría de Plantas Físicas Escolares

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3.4.5. Volumen de la Muestra

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

29

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Modalidades Centros

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30 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Tres Modalidades (Liceo/Escuela)

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32 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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3.4.6. Problemáticas y r iesgos actuales en los Centros Escolares

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

35

4. Marco Teórico

4.1. Introducción

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4.2. Amenazas, Vulnerabil idad y Riesgo

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36 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

37

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4.3. Mantenimiento

�B� HWFA=BCG� 97CBZA=7CG� 9@� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� DI989� G9F� 7CBG=89F58C� 7CAC� IB5� DCH9BH9�<9FF5A=9BH5� D5F5� @5� 8=GA=BI7=ZB� 89� 7CGH9G� 9B� @5� 98=:=757=ZB� DF=B7=D5@A9BH9� 9B� @5� :5G9� 89�9LD@CH57=ZB��(Ezquerro, 2005)

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38 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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4.3.1. Concepto

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4.3.2. T ipos de Mantenimiento

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�B�G9BH=8C�;9B9F5@�9@�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�89�98=:=757=CB9G�G9�9B;@C65�9B�8CG�;F5B89G�;FIDCG��89��CBG9FJ57=ZB�M�89��7HI5@=N57=ZB��5�GI�J9N�9@�89�7CBG9FJ57=ZB�7CBH=9B9�@5�7@5G=:=757=ZB�89�9@�DF9J9BH=JC�M�9@�7CFF97H=JC�EI9�7CAD9H9B�5�9GH9�HF565>C��

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

39

@C;F5F� 9LH9B89F� GI� J=85� [H=@� <5GH5� 9@� AVL=AC� M� 7CBG9FJ5F� GI� D5HF=ACB=C� 5FEI=H97HZB=7C����FF9B7=6=5��9FBVB89N�������

�@�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC� H=9B9� @5�DCG=6=@=858�89� G9F�DFC;F5A58C�9B�9@� H=9ADC�M� DCF� @C�H5BHC�9J5@I58C�97CBZA=75A9BH9� Está destinado, como su nombre indica, a la prevención, teniendo como objetivo el control " a priori " de las deficiencias y problemas que se puedan plantear en el edificio debido al uso natural del mismo. El mantenimiento correctivo comprende aquellas operaciones necesarias para hacer frente a situaciones inesperadas, es decir, no previstas ni previsibles. Las reparaciones y sustituciones físicas y/o funcionales son operaciones típicas de este tipo de mantenimiento. (Loria, 2005)

4.3.3. Importancia del Mantenimiento

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40 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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4.3.4. Ventajas del Mantenimiento

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4.3.5. Costos del Mantenimiento en Edif icaciones

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

41

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4.3.6. Fases de inf luencia del Mantenimiento

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4.3.7. Importancia del Manual de Mantenimiento

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42 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

43

4.5. El mantenimiento y la Vida Úti l

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4.6. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones

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44 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

5. Marco Referencial

5.1. Introducción

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5.2. Referentes Nacionales

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46 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

47

6. Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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48 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

6.1. Prefacio

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6.3. Objetivos del Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo para Centro Escolares Públicos en la República Dominicana

6.3.1. General

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50 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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6.3.2. Específ icos

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6.4. A quién va dirigido este documento?

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52 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

6.5. Glosario de Términos

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54 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

6.6. Introducción al Mantenimiento Preventivo de Centros Escolares Públicos

6.6.1. General idades

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

55

6.6.2. Característ icas del Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares

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6.6.3. Objetivos del Mantenimiento en Centros Escolares

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56 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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6.6.4. Importancia del Mantenimiento Preventivo

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6.6.5. Cómo hace el Mantenimiento del Centro Educativo un lugar mejor?

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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6.7. El Edificio Escolar en República Dominicana

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58 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Instalaciones

Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

59

6.8. Planificación del Mantenimiento

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6.8.1. Mantenimiento de los Centros Escolares Públicos

Agentes que intervienen en la gestión práctica del Mantenimiento

La Limpieza �G�9@�DF=B7=D5@�M�AVG�6VG=7C�89�@CG�G9FJ=7=CG����D9G5F�89�GI�G=AD@=7=858�89�W@�J5�5�89D9B89F�9B�6I9B5�A98=85�9@�7CFF97HC�:IB7=CB5A=9BHC�89�@CG�89AVG��

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60 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Instrumentos necesarios para implementar el Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en los Centros Escolares Públicos

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6.9.2. Inventario

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6.9.3. Diagnóstico Prel iminar e inspección

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70 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

Mantenimiento de Cubiertas

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6.9.6. Especif icaciones para el Mantenimiento Recurrente de los Centros Educativos

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6.10. Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en los Centros Escolares Públicos

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7. Aplicación del Modelo. Liceo José Dolores Vásquez Peña/Postrer Rio

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7.1. Descripción

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7.3. Apl icación de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo

�CB� @5� :=B5@=858� 89�A5H9F=5@=N5F� @5� 5D@=757=ZB� 89@� &C89@C� 89�&5BH9B=A=9BHC� DF9J9BH=JC� 9B��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�)[6@=7CG� G9� 585DH5� @5�A5HF=N� ;9B9F5@� ��B9LC����� 5� @CG� 7CADCB9BH9G� M�B979G=8589G�89@�%=79C�)CGHF9F�+=C� ��G7I9@5��C@CF9G�/VGEI9N�)9Y5��

�CAC� G9� 9J=89B7=5� 9B� 9@� �B9LC� ��� 7CB� IB5� =BJ9FG=ZB� 5BI5@� 89� IB� A=@@ZB� HF97=9BHCG�7=B7I9BH5� M� 7=B7C� A=@� BCJ97=9BHCG� 8CG� D9GCG� 7CB� BCJ9BH5� M� BI9J9� 79BH5JCG��+�������������� 9EI=J5@9BH9� 5� e��������� G9� @C;F5� @5� =AD@9A9BH57=ZB� 89@� AC89@C� 89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC���GH9�7CGHC�GC@C�=B7@IM9�@5G�57H=J=8589G�EI9�F9DF9G9BH5B�IB�;5GHC�5>9BC�5�@5G�57H=J=8589G�89�@=AD=9N5�M�7CBG9F>9FX5�EI9�M5�GCB�7I6=9FHCG�DCF�9@�A=B=GH9F=C�M�EI9�GCB�H5A6=WB�7I5BH=:=7585G�=B89D9B8=9BH9A9BH9�9B�9@�5B9LC�DF9J=5A9BH9�A9B7=CB58C���

7.4. Resultados

%I9;C� 89� 5B5@=N5F� @5� 7CBGH=HI7=ZB� 89@� 79BHFC� 9G7C@5F� HCA58C� 7CAC� DFCHCH=DC� M� 5D@=75F�A=BI7=CG5A9BH9� 9@� AC89@C� 89� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� DF9J9BH=JC� DFCDI9GHC� HCA5B8C� 9B�7CBG=89F57=ZB� @5G� :F97I9B7=5G� 89� 5D@=757=ZB� M� IB5� 7I5BH=:=757=ZB� 89H5@@585� 89� @5G�A98=85G�EI9� 7CBGH=HIM9B� @5� 98=:=757=ZB� G9� 7CB7@IM9� 7CAC� G9� 9J=89B7=5� 9B� @5G� :=;IF5G� ��� M� ���ACGHF585G� 5� 7CBH=BI57=ZB� EI9� 9@� 7CGHC� 89� 5D@=757=ZB� 89@� AC89@C� 89� A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC�9B�IB�D9FXC8C�89�7=B7C�5YCG��D9FXC8C�HF5BG7IFF=8C�9BHF9�@5�7CBGHFI77=ZB�89@�@=79C�M�9@�=B=7=C�89�@5�F9<56=@=H57=ZB��F9GI@H5�A9BCG�7CGHCGC�EI9�@5�F9<56=@=H57=ZB�89@�A=GAC����

Rehabilitación Mantenimiento Correctivo Conserjería

Mantenimiento Preventivo

Brigadas de Inspección

Mantenimiento preventivo. Brigadas

Mantenimiento y Reparación

Total

Estado Actual (Real) �()���������� DOP2,018,836.57 DOP420,000.00

DOP5,243,509.30

Estado Actual (Real) € e�������� e�������� e������� €91,991.39

Estado “Hipotético”

(Mantenimiento Preventivo)

DOP420,000.00 DOP10,011.95 DOP4,710,618.65 DOP5,140,630.60

Estado “Hipotético”

(Mantenimiento Preventivo) €

€7,368.42 €175.65 €82,642.43 €90,186.50

�B� @5� :=;IF5� ��� G9�AI9GHF5� 89�A5B9F5� ;9B9F5@� 9@� F9GI@H58C� 89@� 5BV@=G=G� 97CBZA=7C� 89� @5�F9<56=@=H57=ZB�89@��9BHFC��8I75H=JC�9B� @5�57HI5@=858� =B7@IM9B8C�IB�7CGHC�BC�F9:@9>58C�9B�9@�DF9GIDI9GHC�89�@5�F9<56=@=H57=ZB��9@�89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�7CFF97H=JC�8IF5BH9�9@�D9FXC8C�89�IGC��:F9BH9�5@�J5@CF�F9GI@H5BH9�89�@5�5D@=757=ZB�89@�&C89@C�89�&5BH9B=A=9BHC�)F9J9BH=JC�DFCDI9GHC���

�=;IF5�����+9GIA9B��CGHCG��GH58C��7HI5@�/G���GH58C�a!=DCHWH=7Cb�&5BH9B=A=9BHC�)F9J9BH=JC������������%=79C��C@CF9G�/VGEI9N�)9Y5 )CGHF9F�+=C���,5F5<�%C7?<5FH�������

Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

85

Estado Actual (Real)

Estado Hipotético

(Mantenimiento Preventivo)

Construcción

Construcción 21,868,200.85 Mantenimiento Preventivo. Brigadas Mantenimiento y

reparación 4,710,618.65

Mantenimiento Preventivo. Brigadas de Inspección 10,011.95

Conserjería y limpieza 460,000 460,000 Mantenimiento Correctivo 2,018,836.57 Rehabilitación 2,804,672.73

0.00

5,000,000.00

10,000,000.00

15,000,000.00

20,000,000.00

25,000,000.00

�=;IF5�����+9GIA9B� FV:=7C��GH58C��7HI5@�/G���GH58C�a!=DCHWH=7Cb�&5BH9B=A=9BHC�)F9J9BH=JC������������%=79C��C@CF9G�/VGEI9N�)9Y5 )CGHF9F�+=C���,5F5<�%C7?<5FH�������

86 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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,9� DF9G9BH5B� @CG� F9GI@H58CG� � 9B� D9GCG� 8CA=B=75BCG� �+��� �� �()�� M� 9IFCG� D5F5� IB�A9>CF�9BH9B8=A=9BHC�89�@CG�7CGHCG��@CG�89�F9<56=@=H57=ZB�<5B�G=8C�GIA=B=GHF58CG�DCF�9@�&=B=GH9F=C�89��8I757=ZB� 7CAC� 9G� 9J=89B7=58C� 9B� 9@� �B9LC���� ,9� 7CBG=89F5� @5� =AD@=757=ZB� 89@�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�7CFF97H=JC�5@�9GH=A5F�EI9�9B� @CG�7=B7C�5YCG�89�9LD@CH57=ZB�89� @5�98=:=757=ZB�<5B�89�<569F�G=8C�B979G5F=5G�577=CB9G�89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�D5F5�A5BH9B9F�@5�CD9F5H=J=858�89@�A=GAC�� �GH9� 7CGHC� G9� 9GH=A5� D5FH=9B8C� 89@� 7CGHC� F9GI@H5BH9� 89� @5G� �F=;585G� 89�&5BH9B=A=9BHC�M�F9D5F57=ZB�7CBG=89FVB8C@9�7CAC�IB�����5@�G9F�57H=J=8589G�89G5FFC@@585G�G=B� D@5B=:=757=ZB� DF9J=5�� -5A6=WB� G9� =B7@IM9� 9B� 9GH9� 5D5FH58C� 9@� 7CGHC� 89� 57H=J=8589G� 89�7CBG9F>9FX5�M�@=AD=9N5�D5F5�9@�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�89@�79BHFC�DFC7989BH9�89�@CG�D5;CG�A9BGI5@9G�89@�D9FGCB5@�89�7CBG9F>9FX5��

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4%

85%

11%

Prioridad Alta Prioridad Media Prioridad Baja

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

87

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%5� =BJ9FG=ZB� 5BI5@� 9B� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� DF9J9BH=JC� F9GI@H5� IB� ������� 89@� 7CGHC� 89� @5�7CBGHFI77=ZB�89@�79BHFC�:F9BH9�5�IB5�F9<56=@=H57=ZB�5�@CG���5YCG�EI9�F9DF9G9BH5�IB��������89@� DF9GIDI9GHC� 89� 7CBGHFI77=ZB� 9GHC� G=B� 7CBG=89F5F� EI9� 9B� 9@� D9FXC8C� 89� IGC� 896=9FCB�<579FG9�F9D5F57=CB9G�M�F9:CFA5G�89�9A9F;9B7=5�9B�9@�79BHFC�98I75H=JC�D5F5�7CBH=BI5F�GIG�:IB7=CB9G�5GX�7CBG=89F5B8C�IB5�=BJ9FG=ZB�89�IB�����89@�7CGHC�HCH5@�89�@5G�57H=J=8589G�89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC� M� F9D5F57=ZB� 89@� 79BHFC� @5� F9<56=@=H57=ZB� F9GI@H5� G=9B8C� 89� IB� ������� 89@�7CGHC� 7CBGHFI7H=JC� 89@� 79BHFC� 98I75H=JC�� �9� 9GH9� AC8C� @5� =BJ9FG=ZB� 9B� 9@� A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC� F9GI@H5� G9F� AVG� 97CBZA=7C� EI9� @5� F9<56=@=H57=ZB� 89� @CG� 79BHFCG� 7CB� J9BH5>5G�GIGH5B7=5@9G�9BHF9�@5G�EI9�G9�89GH575B�@5�G9;IF=858�89�GIG�IGI5F=CG�M�@5�7CB:=5BN5�9B�EI9�@5�J=85�[H=@�89�@5�98=:=757=ZB�<5�89�G9FV�A5G�5AD@=5��

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88 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

8. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones

�G�CG58C�5:=FA5F�EI9�AVG�89@�����89� @CG��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�9B� @5�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5�H=9B9B� AVG� 89� ��� 5YCG� M� DCF� 9@@C� 9B:F9BH5B� BIA9FCG5G� DFC6@9AVH=75G� EI9� C6GHFIM9B� 9@�89G9BJC@J=A=9BHC� D@9BC� 89� @5G� 57H=J=8589G� 98I75H=J5G�� � �� A98=85� EI9� @5G� 98=:=757=CB9G�9G7C@5F9G� 7CBH=B[5B� 9BJ9>97=9B8C� M� DCF� 9B89� 89H9F=CFVB8CG9� GIF;9� @5� B979G=858� 89�=AD@9A9BH5F� IB� D@5B� 89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�� %5� 75F9B7=5� 89@�A=GAC� 7CBHF=6IM9� 5� EI9� GIF>5� 89�A5B9F5�=B9GD9F585�@5�B979G=858�89�=BJ9FH=F�9B�57H=J=8589G�89�F9D5F57=ZB��

,9� F9EI=9F9� 89� @5� =AD@9A9BH57=ZB� 89� 57H=J=8589G� 89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�� �9� HC8CG�AC8CG� 9B�A5H9F=5� 89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC� 89� @CG� 79BHFCG� GIF;9B� CHFC� H=DC� 89� DFC6@9AVH=75G� 89F=J585G� 89�DC@XH=75G�M�DFC798=A=9BHCG�D5F5�@5�5DFC657=ZB�89�577=CB9G�89�7CBH=B;9B7=5�5�@5�89;F5857=ZB�89�9GH5G�98=:=757=CB9G����GX�A=GAC�AVG�EI9�IB5�G=AD@9�DFC6@9AVH=75�6IFC7FVH=75� H5A6=WB�D9FG=GH9� 9@� =B7CBJ9B=9BH9� 89� 75F9B7=5� 89� D9FGCB5@� D5F5� @@9J5F� 5� 756C� H5BHC� @5� F97C@977=ZB�89H5@@585� 89� @5� G=HI57=ZB� 89� @CG� =BAI96@9G� 7CAC� D5F5� @@9J5F� 5� 756C� @5G� 57H=J=8589G� 89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�G=B�89>5F�89�@58C�9@�5GD97HC�97CBZA=7C�M�89�7CGHCG��

�G�9B�9GH9�75GC�7I5B8C�9G�DFCD=7=C� F97CA9B85F� @5� =AD@=757=ZB�89� @5�7CAIB=858�A98=5BH9��DFC798=A=9BHCG�G9B7=@@CG�M�5G9EI=6@9G�9B�@5�5D@=757=ZB�89@�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC�5�HF5JWG�89@� A5BI5@� 89� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� EI9� G=FJ9� D5F5@9@5A9BH9� 9B� @5� 7CB7=9BH=N57=ZB� 89� @5�7CAIB=858� M� GI� =AD@=757=ZB� 9B� @5� 75@=858� 9GD57=5@� M� 9@� ;5F5BH=N5F� @5� G9;IF=858� 89� @5�98=:=757=ZB�D5F5�@CG�IGI5F=CG��

�B�7CB7@IG=ZB� @5�5D@=757=ZB�89@�&C89@C� 89� A5BH9B=A=9BHC�DF9J9BH=JC� DFCDI9GHC� M�DCGH9F=CFA9BH9�5D@=758C�5@�@=79C��C@CF9G� /VGEI9N� )9Y5 )CGHF9F�+=C�F9GI@H5�A9BCG�7CGHCGC�EI9�9@� 89G5FFC@@C� 89� IB� DFC79GC� 89�F9<56=@=H57=ZB� 5� @CG� 7=B7C� 5YCG�89�GI�J=85�[H=@���GX�@5�5D@=757=ZB�89@� A5BH9B=A=9BHC� DF9J9BH=JC�9B� @CG� �9BHFCG� �G7C@5F9G� 89�75FV7H9F�D[6@=7C�9B�@5�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5� 9B7I9BHF5� GI�F9D9F7IG=ZB�9B�9@�<97<C�89�EI9�5@� 89G5FFC@@5F� F9<56=@=H57=CB9G�@5G� 57H=J=8589G� 98I75H=J5G� G9�J9B�HF5GHCFB585G�G=B�7CBG=89F5F�@5� =BG9;IF=858� 5� @5� EI9� G9�DI989B� J9F� 9LDI9GHCG� @CG�IGI5F=CG�9B�9@�89G5FFC@@C�89�GIG�57H=J=8589G� BCFA5@9G� M� @5�79FH9N5�89�EI9�@5�J=85�[H=@�89�@5�98=:=757=ZB� 89BHFC� 89@� F5B;C�

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

89

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96 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

97

Índice de Anexos

Contenido Fuente

Anexo 1 Provincias contenidas en cada región administrativa de la República Dominicana.

Marcano, J. E. (2009-2010). Mi País. Retrieved Junio de 2013 from Conociendo mi país, República Dominicana:

http://www.jmarcano.com/mipais/indice.html#indice

Anexo 2 �9G5GHF9G�B5HIF5@9G�89@�G=;@C�1"1�C7IFF=8CG�9B�@5�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5 ��*��GC7=58CG��������

Anexo 3 �5BH=858�89�<CF5G�89�IGC�89�@CG��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�)[6@=7CG�G9;[B�B=J9@�M�AC85@=858�98I75H=J5

�5@9B85F=C��G7C@5F�����������&=B=GH9F=C�89��8I757=ZB�89�@5�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5�

Anexo 4 �GD97=:=757=CB9G��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�)[6@=7CG�G9;[B�AC85@=858�98I75H=J5�

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Anexo 6 &5HFX7I@5�M�5I@5G�89@�G97HCF�D[6@=7C�DCF�DFCJ=B7=5G &=B=GH9F=C�89��8I757=ZB�89�@5�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5���������

Anexo 7 +=9G;C�89�=B7=89B7=5�GXGA=75�9B�@CG��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�D[6@=7CG�8=GHF=6IX8CG�9B�@5�;9C;F5:X5�B57=CB5@

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)[6@=75G�M��CAIB=757=CB9G�+9D[6@=75��CA=B=75B5�,5BHC��CA=B;C��

Anexo 8 +=9G;C�89�=BIB857=CB9G�9B�@CG��9BHFCG��G7C@5F9G�D[6@=7CG�8=GHF=6IX8CG�9B�@5�;9C;F5:X5�B57=CB5@

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Anexo 10 +9:9F9BH9G�"BH9FB57=CB5@9G /5F=5G��+97CD=@57=ZB��,5F5<�%C7?<5FH��������

Anexo 11 )FC;F5A5�89�A5BH9B=A=9BHC�6VG=7C�D5F5�7CBG9FJ5F�@5�@=AD=9N5�9B�IB�79BHFC�98I75H=JC /5F=5G��+97CD=@57=ZB��,5F5<�%C7?<5FH��������

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Anexo 14 �FCBC;F5A5G��F=;585G�"BGD977=ZB� ��EI=DC�89�@=AD=9N5�M�7CBG9F>9G ,5F5<�%C7?<5FH��������

Anexo 15 �FCBC;F5A5G��F=;585G�89�&5BH9B=A=9BHC ,5F5<�%C7?<5FH��������

Anexo 16 )F9GIDI9GHC�)CGHF9F�%=79C�,97��89�a)CGHF9F�+=Cb���CBGHFI77=ZB��

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98 Propuesta de Modelo de Mantenimiento Preventivo en Centros Escolares Públicos en República Dominicana

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Anexo 19 �D@=757=ZB�89@�&C89@C�89�&5BH9B=A=9BHC�)F9J9BH=JC�5@�%=79C�#CGW��C@CF9G�/VGEI9N�)9Y5� ,5F5<�%C7?<5FH��������

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