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A Presentation by:Serena Bardi and
Eliana Hill
Introduction to LiteratureOctober 2, 2014
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There are manyaccounts ofHercules story,however we will onlybe talking aboutexcerpts written bySophocles,Euripides,Theocritus andApollodorus.
http://becuo.com/hercules-greek-symbol
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Hercules was the greatesthero of Greece.
He was the strongest man onearth and very courageous.
He was the son of Zeus andthe mortal Alcmena.
He had a tendency to actimpulsively, then regret it andpunish himself.
He was supremely confidentand put himself on equalstanding with the gods.
He wasnt very smart, but hewas very effective at taming orslaying cunning monsters and
wild beasts.
He was resented by Hera,because he was an illegitimateson of Zeus.
He could not be defeated byany earthly force, only by thesupernatural or magic.
His true remorse forwrongdoing and his quest forredemption demonstrated ahigher moral compass.
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Zeus: Hercules father was the
most important god of Olympusand commanded thunder andlightning. He had many affairsincluding one with Alcmena.
Hera: jealous wife of Zeus.Goddess of childbirth and
marriage. Alcmena: Hercules mother. Megara: Hercules wife and
mother to his three children,who he kills in a fit of madness.
Eurystheus: king of Mycenae.
The person who gives Herculesthe twelve labors. Deinarina: His second wife who
accidentally poisons him. http://resources.saylor.org/K12ELA/K1
2ELA007/Unit%205/K12ELA7-5.4.4-Disney-VS-Mythical-Hercules-BY-SA_files/heracles_sm.jpg
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Hercules was born in Thebes into thefamily of Alcmena and the GeneralAmphitryon, but Hercules real fatherwas Zeus.
Zeus took the form ofAlcmenashusband and mated with her. Later, she
bore him a child. Even as a child Hercules demonstrated
superhuman abilities killing two snakeswith his bare hands in his nursery.
He established himself as a great warriorand participated in the Quest for the
Golden Fleece. He helped the Olympiansdefeat the Giants.
Hera, Zeus wife never forgave him for hisbetrayal and vowed vengeance againstHercules.
Hera sent Hercules a fit of madness,making him temporarily lose hismind.
In his confused state, Hercules carriedout an unspeakable crime, he killedhis beloved wife Megara and theirthree children.
When sanity returned, Hercules washorrified and didnt want to live.
The Oracle at Delphi agreed thatHercules must be purified. She senthim to his cousin, Eurystheus, king ofMycenea.
Eurystheus set Hercules 12 impossibletasks for his redemption, the Laborsof Hercules.
Hercules spent the next decadecarrying out the 12 Labors successfully.
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HERCULES ANDTHE HYDRA.Paestan black-figureC6th B.C.
SECOND LABOUR:
Hydra Lernaia was a 9
headed sea serpent
terrorizing Lerna. For
every head that wascut off Hydra would
regenerate two more.
Hercules defeated
Hydra with help from
Iolaos by burning the
severed stumps. LaterHera placed Hydra
amongst the stars as a
constellation.
J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA.www.getty.edu/art
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HERCULES ANDTHE CERYNITIANHIND: Athenianamphora C6th B.C.
THIRD LABOUR:
The Cerynitian Hindwas a golden horneddeer belonging tothe goddess Artemis.
After a year ofchasing it andbreaking off one ofits horns, Herculesfinally captured it onMt. Artemision in
Arkadia. He later
convinced Artemisto let him borrowthe deer to completehis task of bringingit to Mycenea.
British Museum Collection.www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection
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HERCULES AND AERYMANTHIANBOAR. Statue byGiambologna 1529-1608
FOURTH LABOUR:
The Erymanthian
boar was
destroying the
fields of thefarmers in Arkadia.
Hercules chased
the giant boar
forcing it through
deep winter snow
and trapped it witha net. He then
carried it live back
to Mycenae.
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.www.metmuseum.org/collection
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HERCULES ANDTHE STABLES OF
AUGEAS: Mosiac,Lliria C3rd B.C.
FIFTH LABOUR:
Hercules was ordered
to clean the filthy
stables of King Augeas
which housed
hundreds of cattle. Heaccomplished this
task by splitting the
river of Alpheios and
letting the water flow
through the stables.
When the king
refused payment,
Hercules declared war
and eventually slayed
the king.
National Archeological Museum, Madrid Spain:www.man.es
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HERCULES ANDTHE CRETAN BULL:Bronze statue.
Seventh Labour:
The bull was given toKing Minos to be usedas a sacrifice. Insteadhe kept the bull,angering Poseidon.
Exacting revenge,Poseidon sent the bullto terrorize the city ofKnossos, and madeMinos wife fall in love
and bear a Minotauras a child. Hercules
brought the bull backto Eurystreus, whowas so frightened hehid.
Schwerin Castle, Germany: www.ancienthistory.about.com
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HERCULES ANDHIPPOLYTES BELT:
Black Amphora C500B.C.
NINTH LABOUR:
Hercules was sent to
capture the belt of the
Queen of the Amazons,
a female warrior tribe
that used men asservants and slaves. In a
rare show of diplomacy,
Hercules simply asked
her for the belt. Moved
by his plight, Hippolyte
gave it to him. Angered
by his success, Hera
incited the Amazons to
attack and Hippolyte
was killed in the battle.
J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, CA.www.getty.edu/art
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HERCULES ANDTHE GERYON:
Athenian vase C6thB.C.
TENTH LABOUR:
Hercules was
required to fetch
the prized herd of
oxen of Erytheia.
To accomplish this
task, he had to slay
the cattle herder
Eurytion, the two
headed guard dog
Orthyros and theGeryon, a three
headed, four
winged giant.
Muse du Louvre, Paris, France: www.louvre.fr
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HERCULES ANDTHE APPLES OFHESPERIDES:
Athenia hydria, C5thB.C.
Eleventh Labour:
Hercules was sent toretrieve the goldenapples of theHesperides, the threegoddesses of evening
and the light ofsunset. The appleswere a wedding giftfrom Gaia (Earth) toHera. To obtain theapples, Hercules hadto slay the 100 headed
guardian Lakon. Theapples were laterreturned by Athena tothe Herperides.
British Museum, London:www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection
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HERCULES ANDCERBERUS:Cearetan hydria,C6th B.C.
Twelfth Labour:
For his last labour,
Hercules was set the
impossible task of
luring Cerberus away
from his guard post
at the gates of Haides
(Underworld).
Cerberus was a three
headed hound with a
serpents tail, a maneof snakes and and
lions claws.
Muse du Louvre, Paris, France: www.louvre.fr
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1. IN GREEK MYTHOLOGY WHAT MAKES AHERO?HOW HAS THAT DEFINITION CHANGEDTODAY?
2. WHAT LESSONS CAN BE GLEANED FROMHERCULES STORY THAT MAY BE RELEVANT TOMODERN LIFE?
3. HERCULES COMMITS A TERRIBLE CRIME OFPASSION. HOW DOES HIS MYTH RELATE TO THE WAYTHAT WE VIEW AND PUNISH VIOLENT CRIME TODAY?
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AncientHistory.about.com. Top 10 Heroes of Greek Legend. Web. 28 September 2014.
Diamond, Steven. Why Myths Still Matter: Hercules and His Twelve Healing Labors.Psychology Today, 25October 2009. Web. 28 September 2014.
Hamilton, Edith.Mythology.New York: Little Brown and Company, 1976.
GreekMythology.com.Heracles. Web. 27 September 2014
History.Answers.com.Life Lessons Learned from the Labors of Hercules Myth. Web. 28 September 2014.
House, Christine. Hercules the Hero: Understanding the Myth.New Haven: New Haven Teachers Institute,
2014.
Scott, Allison and Goethals, George. Heroes: What They Do and Why We Need Them.Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2010.
Svobada, Edith. What Makes a Hero: The Surprising Science of Self lessness. New York: Penguin Group, 2013.
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language. Fourth Edition. New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2009.
Theoi.com.The Twelve Labors of Heracles. Web. 26 September 2014.